63846 From World Development Indicators The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Economic and social context Investment climate Private sector investment Finance and banking Infrastructure THE LITTLE DATA BOOK 2011 ON PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT Copyright ©2011 by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433 U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing July 2011 ISBN: 978-0-8213-8861-7 eISBN: 978-0-8213-8884-6 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8861-7 SKU: 18861 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 is a product of the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Investment Climate Department of the Financial and Private Sector Development Vice Presidency of the World Bank Group. Design by Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C. Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Data notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi Regional tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 East Asia and Pacific. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Europe and Central Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Middle East and North Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 South Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Income group tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Low income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Lower middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Upper middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Low and middle income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Euro area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 High income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 iii Acknowledgments The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 is based on World Development Indicators 2011 and its accompanying CD-ROM, with a focus on the private sector in development. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 is the result of close collaboration between the staff of the World Bank’s Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Investment Climate Department of the Financial and Private Sector Development Vice Presidency. The Development Data Group team included Azita Amjadi, David Cieslikowski, Federico Escaler, Buyant Erdene Khaltarkhuu, Alison Kwong, William Prince, and Jomo Tariku. The Investment Climate Department's team included Nathalie David and Ayse Boybeyi. The work was carried out under the management of Shaida Badiee, director of the Development Data Group, and Pierre Guislain, director of the Investment Climate Department. The book was typeset by Jomo Tariku. Staff from External Affairs oversaw publication and dissemination of the book. iv 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Preface Access to reliable cross-country data on private sector development is crucial when formulating responses to economic crisis. When downturns affect exports, investment and growth negatively, making life easier for business is a significant step towards economic recovery. This became very obvious during the global financial crises when governments were trying to stimulate economic growth through the creation of more robust private and finance markets. Improving the investment climate facilitates economic adjustment as it helps attract capital to create jobs and provide basic services. Unsurprisingly, the availability of cross-country data on the business environment has rapidly expanded in recent years, including data from the World Bank’s Doing Business project, Enterprise Surveys, and the World Bank Group Entrepreneurship Snapshots. The data sources presented in this book report on the scope and types of regulations that enhance — and constrain — business activity and provide information on business owners’ assessment of the business environment. The data have led to new research, enabled benchmarking, and informed the reform process in many developing countries. Included in this guide are indicators on the economic and social context, the investment climate, private sector investment, finance and banking, and infrastructure. Though a pocket guide cannot include all relevant variables, the indicators that are included provide users with a general understanding of the private sector in each country. Indicators displayed in the tables are defined in the Glossary, which also lists data sources. We welcome your suggestions on how to improve future editions and make them more useful. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 v Data notes The data in this book are for 2000 and 2009 or the most recent year unless otherwise noted in the table or the Glossary. • Growth rates are proportional changes from the previous year unless otherwise noted. • Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-income economies only. • Figures in italics indicate data for years or periods other than those specified. Symbols used: .. indicates that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calculated because of missing data. 0 or 0.0 indicates zero or small enough that the number would round to zero at the displayed number of decimal places. $ indicates current U.S. dollars. Data are shown for economies with populations greater than 30,000 or for smaller economies if they are members of the World Bank. The term country (used interchangeably with economy) does not imply political independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to any economy for which the authorities report separate social or economic statistics. vi 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Regional tables The country composition of regions is based on the World Bank’s analytical regions and may differ from common geographic usage. East Asia and Pacific American Samoa, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Democratic Republic of Korea, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Vietnam Europe and Central Asia Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Lithuania, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan Latin America and the Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Uruguay, República Bolivariana de Venezuela Middle East and North Africa Algeria, Djibouti, Arab Republic of Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza, Republic of Yemen South Asia Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Sub-Saharan Africa Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 1 World 2000 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6,085.0 6,775.2 Labor force (millions) 2,755.3 3,175.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.6 6.6 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,293 8,732 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.3 2.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.6 2.9 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.9 27.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.2 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.5 70.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.4 24.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.5 24.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 51.2 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 47.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) 17.9 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.0 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.6 19.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -0.2 -7.1 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 103.9 124.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 88.6 91.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.7 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 9.5 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 129.3 138.2 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.0 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 49.0 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,389 2,875 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.2 69.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.7 27.1 2 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific 2000 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,807.1 1,943.8 Labor force (millions) 985.3 1,090.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.6 4.6 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 902 3,163 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 6.0 9.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.0 11.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 44.4 45.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 30.7 31.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.6 43.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.5 34.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.3 29.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 40 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 56.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 36.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) 18.4 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 17,993 11,467 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.6 1.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.5 39.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.9 18.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -2.6 -2.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 109.5 125.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 49.0 56.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 98.9 117.0 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 7.1 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 11.4 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 879 1,972 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.8 61.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.9 24.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 3 Europe & Central Asia 2000 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 399.7 404.2 Labor force (millions) 176.4 187.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.2 9.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,756 6,793 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 2.1 5.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.8 7.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 34.7 30.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.2 16.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.5 62.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.0 29.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.0 28.7 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 25.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 42.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) 10.0 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 8,448 23,082 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.3 3.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.8 21.1 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.6 17.2 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -0.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 27.7 54.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 22.3 40.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 14.0 13.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.0 9.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.8 45.0 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 14.8 5.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 67.4 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,316 4,052 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.5 118.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.0 36.4 4 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean 2000 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 512.4 572.5 Labor force (millions) 221.0 269.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.0 7.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,831 7,007 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.0 3.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.6 6.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.6 30.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.3 16.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.8 63.3 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.0 21.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.1 21.0 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 60 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 55.5 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.2 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 47.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) 21.4 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 36,956 52,821 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.9 1.9 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.4 19.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 14.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -1.5 -1.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 44.5 59.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 32.1 44.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.6 9.6 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.5 3.0 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 27.0 40.8 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 7.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 24.3 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,568 1,907 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.1 89.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.8 31.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 5 Middle East & North Africa 2000 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 280.5 330.9 Labor force (millions) 89.1 115.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 14.3 10.6 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,617 3,597 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.5 4.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.5 10.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 43.3 43.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.5 11.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 44.2 46.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.8 38.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.6 33.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 23 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 54.8 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 41.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) 16.6 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1,310 4,015 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.0 2.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 24.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.0 15.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -3.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 53.0 48.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 52.0 58.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 34.4 34.5 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.9 4.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 68.7 81.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,044 1,494 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.2 67.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.9 21.5 6 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development South Asia 2000 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,362.4 1,567.7 Labor force (millions) 515.4 625.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.5 4.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 442 1,107 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.4 7.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 23.9 18.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.8 26.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.4 15.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.3 54.9 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.2 18.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.9 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 25 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 75.8 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 39.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) 17.8 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 3,027 39,907 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.7 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.2 28.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.8 21.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -4.0 -4.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 64.6 56.5 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 41.8 63.7 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.9 60.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.9 6.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 19.5 10.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 27.7 43.5 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 5.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 47.5 51.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 359 503 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 45.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 5.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 7 Sub-Saharan Africa 2000 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 671.8 839.6 Labor force (millions) 263.1 341.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 488 1,125 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.2 5.1 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.3 13.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.4 29.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.9 12.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.3 57.3 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.4 29.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.7 33.5 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 66.2 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.4 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 68.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) 23.3 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 2,787 11,333 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.0 3.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.3 22.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.8 13.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 41.9 53.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 32.3 40.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 61.5 65.1 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.6 8.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 12.1 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 490 531 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.7 37.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 8.8 8 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Income group tables For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank’s main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Every economy in The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development is classified as low income, middle income, or high income. Low- and middle-income economies are sometimes referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status. Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $995 or less in 2009. Middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than $995 but less than $12,196. Lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income economies are separated at a GNI per capita of $3,945. High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,196 or more. Euro area includes the member states of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union that have adopted the euro as their currency: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Spain. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 9 Low income 2000 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 694.7 846.1 Labor force (millions) 302.6 384.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 264 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.1 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 34.0 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.3 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.5 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 44.7 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.2 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.6 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 630 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.1 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 24.1 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 24.4 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 18.4 26.3 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.6 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 12.0 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 184 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 2.7 10 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Middle income 2000 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4,339.2 4,812.5 Labor force (millions) 1,947.7 2,244.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.4 6.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,267 3,397 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.1 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.4 9.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.5 35.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.5 21.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.1 55.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.3 27.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.4 26.1 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 39 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 49.5 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 41.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) 17.1 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 80,173 142,107 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.6 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.6 27.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.3 18.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -2.3 -1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 62.9 86.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 38.7 51.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.5 10.1 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.3 4.8 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 50.2 72.8 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.2 6.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 35.4 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,071 1,670 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.9 66.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.7 20.9 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 11 Lower middle income 2000 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3,416.4 3,810.8 Labor force (millions) 1,555.1 1,786.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.3 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 741 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.6 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.1 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 39.5 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 24.7 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.4 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.7 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.3 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 21,404 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.1 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.2 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.1 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -3.2 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 84.0 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 43.7 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.8 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 16.8 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 71.9 92.9 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 35.4 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 693 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.3 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.1 17.2 12 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Upper middle income 2000 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 922.7 1,001.7 Labor force (millions) 392.6 458.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.1 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,214 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 2.9 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.6 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.2 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.5 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 61.2 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.9 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.7 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 32,746 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.0 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.8 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -1.4 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 45.3 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 34.6 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.6 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 8.1 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 32.0 47.8 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 36.8 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,469 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 10.8 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.8 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 13 Low and middle income 2000 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5,033.9 5,658.7 Labor force (millions) 2,250.3 2,629.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.3 6.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,128 2,968 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.1 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.1 10.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.1 34.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.2 20.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.8 55.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.0 26.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.5 26.4 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 39 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 55.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 51.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) 19.2 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 40,472 127,613 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.6 2.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.5 27.2 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.2 18.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -2.3 -1.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 62.0 85.9 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 38.4 51.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 12.0 5.3 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 49.4 72.0 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.7 6.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 24.3 .. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 975 1,505 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.3 60.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.5 18.1 14 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Euro area 2000 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 311.6 327.3 Labor force (millions) 143.9 158.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.2 9.4 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 21,980 38,872 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 2.8 1.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.5 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.8 24.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.9 15.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.7 74.3 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.6 36.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.0 34.8 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 14 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 36.4 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 45.7 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) 13.5 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 11.6 3.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.4 19.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.1 -5.2 Government debt (% of GDP) 58.9 69.9 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 118.3 151.4 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 74.7 106.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.4 6.5 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.6 3.6 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 97.7 133.1 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.2 3.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 91.8 100.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,363 6,970 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 60.3 123.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 22.8 67.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 15 High income 2000 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,051.1 1,116.6 Labor force (millions) 504.9 546.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.5 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,241 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.1 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.9 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.7 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.8 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.5 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.8 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.3 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.6 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.5 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.1 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 54.2 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 113.1 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 100.5 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.0 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 4.4 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 147.0 165.1 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.3 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 88.5 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,939 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 49.9 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 30.5 72.3 16 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Country tables China Data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China. Cyprus GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to the area controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2011 or data.worldbank.org. Georgia GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP exclude Abkhazia and South Ossetia. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2011 or data.worldbank.org. Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia Montenegro declared independence from Serbia and Montenegro on June 3, 2006. Where available, data for each country are shown separately. However, some indicators for Serbia prior to 2006 include data for Montenegro. Moreover, data for most indicators for Serbia from 1999 onward exclude data for Kosovo, which in 1999 became a territory under international administration pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999). Kosovo became a member of the World Bank on June 29, 2009, and its data are shown where available. Moldova GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP exclude Transnistria. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2011 or data.world- bank.org. Morocco GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP include Former Spanish Sahara. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2011 or data.worldbank.org. Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antilles ceased to exist on October 10, 2010. Curacao and St. Maarten became countries within the Kingdom of Netherlands. Bonaire, St. Eustatius, and Saba became special municipalities of the Netherlands. Tanzania GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to mainland Tanzania only. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2011 or data.worldbank.org. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 17 Afghanistan South Asia Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2008 2008 Economic and social context Population (millions) 23.6 29.8 846 Labor force (millions) 7.4 9.6 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 8.5 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 310 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) .. 10.5 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 45.2 32.5 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.7 22.1 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.0 13.3 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 35.1 45.4 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. -13.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 47.4 50.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.6 15.6 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.6 47.7 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 167 Time to start a business (days) .. 7 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 30.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 36.4 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 6.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 28.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 1.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 45.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 8.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 70 60 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 1.3 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.6 25.0 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 1.1 8.7 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. 0.2 -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. 9.1 26.3 Real interest rate (%) .. 36.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 29.3 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 20.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 40.3 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 3.4 2.7 18 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Albania Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.1 3.2 1,002 Labor force (millions) 1.3 1.4 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 22.7 12.7 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,170 4,000 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.2 5.4 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 29.1 20.8 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.0 19.7 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.4 19.7 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.9 59.5 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.1 2.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 143.7 95.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.1 28.7 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.5 54.4 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 82 Time to start a business (days) .. 5 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 56.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 40.6 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.5 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 2.0 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 11.4 18.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 83.8 22.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 10.4 12.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 27.4 41.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.0 24.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 102 1,003 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.9 8.1 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.7 29.0 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.1 20.6 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -6.7 -3.0 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 51.9 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 34.8 62.0 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 43.8 57.9 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 8.7 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 10.5 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.7 37.0 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 17.0 10.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.8 5.9 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 39.0 .. 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,218 1,372 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 37.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.0 131.9 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 41.2 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 19 Algeria Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 30.5 34.9 1,002 Labor force (millions) 11.1 14.8 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 29.8 11.3 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,610 4,420 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.2 4.0 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.9 11.7 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 58.6 54.5 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.5 6.1 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 32.5 33.7 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.3 5.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 75.3 72.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.2 40.4 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.4 36.1 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 136 Time to start a business (days) .. 24 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 14 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.5 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 72.0 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.6 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 10.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 25.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 15.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 27.6 8.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 124.9 49.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 5.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 472 974 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.8 2.0 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 33.0 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.9 33.0 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -4.4 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 33.4 35.0 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 26.1 47.2 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 6.0 16.2 47.8 Real interest rate (%) -11.7 19.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.5 6.3 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 68.9 73.5 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 695 957 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 4.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 93.8 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 13.5 34.6 20 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific American Samoa Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.06 0.07 1,002 Labor force (millions) .. .. 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.1 .. 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) .. .. 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 47.8 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.5 3.6 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 21 Andorra High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) .. 0.09 1,117 Labor force (millions) .. .. 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 41,130 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.6 5.9 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 165.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. 76.6 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) .. 70.5 72.3 22 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Angola Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 14.3 18.5 3,811 Labor force (millions) 6.2 8.3 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 410 3,750 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 6.3 13.1 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.7 10.2 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 72.1 59.0 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.9 6.1 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 22.2 30.8 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 325.0 13.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 10.0 79.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 89.6 52.2 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.8 46.2 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 163 Time to start a business (days) .. 68 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 58.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 6.2 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 53.2 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.6 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 7.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 14.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 2.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 60.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 5.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 68 354 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.6 2.9 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 14.8 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.9 2.4 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 2.2 26.0 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.9 20.2 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.6 .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 10.4 .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.0 21.2 92.9 Real interest rate (%) -60.8 22.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 63.6 8.1 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 10.4 .. 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 86 189 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 43.8 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 3.3 17.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 23 Antigua and Barbuda Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.09 1,002 Labor force (millions) .. .. 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.4 .. 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,960 12,130 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.4 5.2 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.9 3.6 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.8 28.1 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.3 1.8 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 76.3 68.4 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.5 2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 70.3 47.5 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 75.1 68.2 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 64 Time to start a business (days) .. 21 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 52.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 41.5 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.0 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.5 11.4 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 48.1 75.8 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 24.9 .. 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 93.6 105.1 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 93.5 103.1 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 72.9 80.6 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 11.7 7.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.0 6.6 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 33.0 .. 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 28.5 154.0 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.5 74.2 34.6 24 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Argentina Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 36.9 40.3 1,002 Labor force (millions) 16.3 19.6 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.0 8.6 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,460 7,550 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 2.7 5.4 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.0 7.5 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.6 31.8 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.5 21.2 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.4 60.7 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) -0.9 6.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 3.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 10.9 21.4 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11.5 16.0 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 115 Time to start a business (days) .. 26 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 14 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 95.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.8 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 108.2 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 2.8 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 11.9 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 13.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 4.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 6.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 45.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 26.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 4,863 1,670 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.7 1.3 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 20.9 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.2 20.4 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -5.7 -0.5 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 33.2 23.0 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 27.5 20.2 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 13.3 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 16.0 3.0 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.9 13.5 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 9.9 5.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.7 4.1 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 29.4 30.0 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,085 2,789 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 17.6 128.8 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.0 30.4 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 25 Armenia Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.1 3.1 3,811 Labor force (millions) 1.5 1.6 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 35.9 28.6 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 660 3,100 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.1 10.5 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 25.5 20.7 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.4 34.6 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 24.1 15.7 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.0 44.8 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) -0.8 3.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 539.5 363.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.4 12.0 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.5 36.5 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 48 Time to start a business (days) .. 15 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 13.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.9 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 40.7 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.6 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 2.7 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 1.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 1.9 10.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 33.7 13.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 5.3 31.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 2.3 16.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.6 26.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 33 199 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.5 8.9 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.4 30.8 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.9 25.6 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -7.5 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 11.6 24.6 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 8.9 17.4 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 14.3 21.0 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 17.5 4.8 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.9 23.1 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 33.4 17.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.5 10.1 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 96.8 90.5 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,295 1,578 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.6 85.0 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.3 6.8 17.2 26 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Aruba High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.09 0.11 1,117 Labor force (millions) .. .. 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.9 5.7 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.4 .. 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.0 -2.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.8 1.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.9 .. 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 91.2 .. 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) -6.9 .. 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 46.1 57.0 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 47.9 63.6 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 45.2 57.0 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 7.7 9.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.9 7.4 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 16.5 120.2 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 15.4 22.5 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 27 Australia High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 19.2 21.9 1,117 Labor force (millions) 9.6 11.5 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.3 5.6 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 21,260 43,770 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.4 3.3 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.5 2.5 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.9 29.1 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.2 10.5 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.6 68.4 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.5 1.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.3 19.8 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.3 21.6 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 10 Time to start a business (days) .. 2 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 2 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 47.9 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.9 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 90.0 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 6.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 2.4 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.1 27.1 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.0 -2.4 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 29.5 24.1 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 87.7 131.4 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 61.1 96.6 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.9 5.0 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.5 1.2 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 87.4 127.8 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 6.5 1.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.1 3.2 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 38.7 .. 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 10,194 11,217 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 44.7 110.7 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 46.8 72.0 72.3 28 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Austria High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.0 8.4 1,117 Labor force (millions) 3.9 4.3 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.5 4.8 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,840 46,450 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.0 2.0 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.0 1.5 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.8 29.2 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.6 18.6 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.2 69.3 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.4 0.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 12.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.4 50.5 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.7 46.0 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 32 Time to start a business (days) .. 28 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 2.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 55.5 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.7 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 3.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.6 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.5 2.3 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.0 21.1 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -2.0 -2.6 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 65.9 70.7 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 125.1 139.7 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 80.8 100.8 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.2 7.0 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.4 2.3 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 103.1 126.9 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 5.2 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.4 .. 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,109 8,218 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 76.4 140.8 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 33.7 73.5 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 29 Azerbaijan Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.0 8.8 1,002 Labor force (millions) 3.5 4.2 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.3 6.1 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 610 4,840 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 7.3 17.9 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.1 8.2 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.3 60.0 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.6 4.5 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 37.5 31.8 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.8 1.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.9 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.0 52.5 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.4 24.8 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 54 Time to start a business (days) .. 8 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 22.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.7 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 40.9 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.8 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 5.3 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.0 3.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 61.1 43.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 4.6 19.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 6.0 9.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.1 18.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 61 208 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.5 1.1 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.1 21.9 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.1 9.4 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. 0.4 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 10.5 24.7 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 10.6 12.3 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 28.0 .. 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 5.9 19.6 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 6.4 44.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.8 7.8 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 50.6 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,040 2,317 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.2 88.3 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 42.0 34.6 30 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Bahamas, The High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.30 0.34 1,117 Labor force (millions) 0.16 0.19 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.9 14.2 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 17,040 21,390 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.5 1.3 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.0 1.6 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.3 19.7 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.4 4.5 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 78.7 78.7 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.6 2.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.3 45.3 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.9 68.1 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 77 Time to start a business (days) .. 31 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 46.1 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.5 9.9 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 33.8 37.8 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.4 -1.1 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 27.4 34.1 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 70.2 97.4 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 59.7 75.2 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 65.5 86.0 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 3.0 3.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.9 1.7 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 57.4 .. 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 10.3 105.0 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.3 33.9 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 31 Bahrain High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.65 0.79 1,117 Labor force (millions) 0.30 0.37 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.5 .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,740 25,420 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.3 6.6 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) -0.7 2.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.4 0.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 89.4 96.8 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.4 74.3 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 28 Time to start a business (days) .. 9 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 15.0 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.6 1.2 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.5 31.9 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 8.5 6.4 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 29.3 14.7 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 56.8 95.2 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 67.1 87.2 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 46.1 79.6 165.1 Real interest rate (%) -2.4 -3.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.8 6.4 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 77.6 81.5 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,831 13,144 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 31.6 199.4 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.2 82.0 72.3 32 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development South Asia Bangladesh Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 140.8 162.2 846 Labor force (millions) 62.8 78.6 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.3 4.3 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 350 580 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.2 5.9 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 25.5 18.7 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.3 28.7 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.2 17.9 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.2 52.6 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.2 5.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 52.1 69.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.0 19.4 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.2 26.6 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 107 Time to start a business (days) .. 19 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 104.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 35.0 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.7 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.7 3.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 85.8 54.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 56.5 24.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 79.6 50.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 93 437 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.6 0.8 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 24.4 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.6 19.7 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -0.7 -1.7 -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) 36.2 36.2 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 32.4 58.2 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 29.8 48.1 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 3.5 6.5 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 34.9 11.2 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 24.7 41.5 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 13.4 7.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 6.4 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.5 9.5 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 95 208 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 101.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 31.1 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 0.4 2.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 33 Barbados High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.25 0.26 1,117 Labor force (millions) 0.14 0.15 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.3 8.1 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,670 .. 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.7 .. 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.3 3.8 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.3 18.4 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.4 7.3 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 79.4 77.9 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.4 3.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.0 2.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.5 60.6 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.0 64.6 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.8 8.3 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.4 22.4 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 24.0 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -5.6 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 92.7 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 68.7 114.1 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 63.1 130.3 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 57.3 102.9 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 9.4 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.2 6.3 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 98.6 100.0 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 11.3 131.7 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.0 56.1 72.3 34 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Belarus Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.0 9.7 1,002 Labor force (millions) 4.8 5.0 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,380 5,560 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 6.7 8.4 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.2 9.6 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 39.2 42.5 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 31.6 30.0 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.7 47.9 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 168.6 12.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 876.8 2,789.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.2 50.7 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 72.4 62.1 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 68 Time to start a business (days) .. 5 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 22.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.8 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 80.4 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.0 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 5.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.2 13.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 34.5 6.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 11.4 35.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 14.7 15.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 10.6 13.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 39 833 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 3.8 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.2 36.9 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.7 28.6 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.1 0.2 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 15.0 18.1 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 18.2 44.3 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.9 24.0 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 15.1 16.6 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 10.8 4.2 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.9 37.3 47.8 Real interest rate (%) -41.2 7.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 30.1 1.0 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 95.6 88.6 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,989 3,427 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.5 100.2 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.9 45.9 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 35 Belgium High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.3 10.8 1,117 Labor force (millions) 4.4 4.8 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.6 7.9 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,400 45,270 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 2.9 1.7 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.4 0.7 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.0 21.7 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.3 14.0 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 71.6 77.6 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.5 -0.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 36.3 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 78.2 73.0 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 75.3 70.2 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 25 Time to start a business (days) .. 4 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 3 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 16.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 0.9 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 57.0 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 4.8 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 29.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 4.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 92.5 -8.2 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.1 21.3 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.0 -5.1 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 106.8 92.4 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 125.2 118.6 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 82.4 105.6 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 2.8 4.5 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.8 2.7 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 77.9 97.9 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 5.9 7.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.4 5.2 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 78.2 78.2 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,247 8,523 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 54.9 115.1 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 29.3 75.2 72.3 36 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Belize Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.25 0.33 3,811 Labor force (millions) 0.09 0.14 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.1 8.2 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,110 3,740 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.8 4.2 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.7 12.2 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.2 22.8 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.9 14.3 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.1 65.1 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.6 -1.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.0 2.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.0 62.1 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 73.7 70.0 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 99 Time to start a business (days) .. 44 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 24.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 33.2 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.7 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 3.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 18 22 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.8 7.0 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.7 25.5 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -2.9 .. -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 46.7 69.6 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 48.0 71.6 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 40.8 65.9 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 15.5 14.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 5.7 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 17.0 .. 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.7 48.6 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.0 10.8 17.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 37 Benin Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.7 8.9 846 Labor force (millions) 2.7 3.7 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 0.7 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 360 750 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.3 4.0 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 36.5 32.2 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.9 13.4 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.8 7.5 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.6 54.4 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.2 2.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 472.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.2 13.8 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.1 28.2 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 170 Time to start a business (days) .. 31 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 36.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 66.0 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.8 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 20.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 26.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 4.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 86.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 90 127 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.6 1.4 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 25.0 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.3 15.4 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.7 -4.5 -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 13.1 20.2 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 15.6 21.8 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.1 22.2 26.3 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 20.0 9.5 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 60 76 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 13.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.8 56.3 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 2.2 2.7 38 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Bermuda High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.06 0.06 1,117 Labor force (millions) .. .. 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.7 .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.6 3.2 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.7 0.8 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 9.2 7.5 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 90.1 91.7 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 26.3 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 36.1 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 165.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 20.9 132.0 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 43.5 83.9 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 39 Bhutan South Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.56 0.70 3,811 Labor force (millions) 0.18 0.30 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 3.7 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 730 2,020 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 6.2 8.8 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 28.4 17.6 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.3 45.0 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.5 6.4 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 36.3 37.4 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.0 4.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 44.9 48.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.5 58.0 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.3 48.3 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 142 Time to start a business (days) .. 46 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 10.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 40.6 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 35.0 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.0 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 16.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 2.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 64.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 14.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 5.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 201 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. 2.8 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 50.6 53.6 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 38.6 43.6 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -2.5 0.5 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) 40.2 56.2 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 11.6 37.8 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 47.0 69.3 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.1 32.1 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 10.8 9.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 9.5 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 60.7 62.0 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 46.9 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.4 7.2 17.2 40 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Bolivia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.3 9.9 3,811 Labor force (millions) 3.6 4.5 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.8 5.2 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,000 1,630 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.5 4.1 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.0 13.8 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.8 36.2 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.3 14.4 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.2 49.9 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.6 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.2 7.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.3 35.7 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.3 32.9 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 149 Time to start a business (days) .. 50 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 15 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. ..a 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.8 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 80.0 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 2.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 13.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 19.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 22.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 15.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 13.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 323 37 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.8 2.4 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 16.5 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.8 6.6 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -8.7 1.2 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 61.0 33.5 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 46.1 38.8 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 8.7 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 10.3 3.5 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 58.7 37.0 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 27.9 15.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 23.6 8.9 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 6.6 7.0 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 421 561 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 0.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.0 72.5 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.4 11.2 17.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 41 Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.7 3.8 1,002 Labor force (millions) 1.8 1.9 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 23.9 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,510 4,700 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 25.2 5.0 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.6 8.0 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.0 28.1 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.1 12.9 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.4 63.9 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. -0.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.1 1.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.7 33.4 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 75.5 58.0 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 110 Time to start a business (days) .. 55 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 12 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 31.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.3 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 23.0 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 5.3 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 1.9 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.6 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 7.8 11.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 65.2 1.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 25.8 59.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 4.3 50.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 13.9 30.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 64 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 1.4 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.6 19.7 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.0 13.3 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -4.3 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 40.9 50.8 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 6.8 13.6 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 20.1 15.2 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 9.9 5.9 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 37.4 57.3 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 1.3 7.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 15.8 4.3 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 52.3 52.3 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,062 2,467 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.5 86.5 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.1 37.7 34.6 42 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Botswana Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.7 1.9 1,002 Labor force (millions) 0.80 1.00 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.8 17.6 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,180 6,260 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 7.8 4.4 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.7 3.1 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 52.6 39.6 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.5 4.2 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 44.7 57.3 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.6 8.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.1 7.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.3 33.6 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.2 44.6 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 52 Time to start a business (days) .. 61 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 90.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.7 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 19.5 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.9 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 5.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 4.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 11.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 25.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 12.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 17 86 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.0 2.1 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 28.2 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.7 8.9 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 16.7 26.9 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.4 44.7 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.3 .. 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.7 .. 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 15.1 25.5 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 15.4 20.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.1 6.3 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 35.3 32.6 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 924 1,503 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.9 96.1 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.9 6.2 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 43 Brazil Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 174.2 193.7 1,002 Labor force (millions) 83.4 101.5 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.3 8.3 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,870 8,070 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 1.7 3.6 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.6 6.1 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.7 25.4 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.2 15.8 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.7 68.5 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.0 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.8 2.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 10.0 11.1 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11.7 11.2 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 127 Time to start a business (days) .. 120 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 15 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 46.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 69.0 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.4 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 315.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 2.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 18.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 16.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 48.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 36.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 25.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 21,032 39,176 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.1 1.6 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.8 16.9 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 14.4 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -1.8 -3.5 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 61.0 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 66.9 89.4 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.3 66.4 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.1 9.5 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 8.3 4.2 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 31.7 54.0 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 47.7 36.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 39.6 35.4 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 5.5 .. 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,894 2,232 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.3 89.8 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.9 39.2 34.6 44 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Brunei Darussalam High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.33 0.40 1,117 Labor force (millions) 0.15 0.20 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,670 27,050 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 1.0 2.1 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.0 0.7 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 63.7 71.0 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.4 10.4 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 35.3 28.3 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.6 1.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67.4 67.7 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.8 27.8 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 112 Time to start a business (days) .. 105 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 15 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 29.8 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.2 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.1 0.8 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.0 13.0 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 69.9 33.8 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 111.3 71.8 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 50.3 37.4 165.1 Real interest rate (%) -18.2 4.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. 4.8 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 34.7 77.2 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,539 8,308 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 28.5 106.7 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 9.0 79.8 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 45 Bulgaria Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.1 7.6 1,002 Labor force (millions) 3.6 3.6 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.2 6.8 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,640 6,060 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 0.7 5.4 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 13.6 5.6 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.9 30.3 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.6 15.4 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.6 64.1 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 10.3 2.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.1 1.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.5 47.8 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.8 55.8 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 51 Time to start a business (days) .. 18 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 9.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.3 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 29.0 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 4.6 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 35.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 7.2 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.6 10.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 53.4 6.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 19.2 34.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 5.0 44.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.7 19.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 157 810 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.8 9.4 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.8 24.4 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.8 19.4 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -0.4 -0.1 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 15.5 78.5 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 22.7 57.5 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 15.3 10.8 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 17.3 6.4 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.3 75.6 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 4.4 7.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.2 5.2 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 92.1 98.4 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,724 4,594 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 9.2 140.0 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.3 44.8 34.6 46 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Burkina Faso Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.7 15.8 846 Labor force (millions) 5.2 7.1 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.4 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 250 510 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 6.8 5.4 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 29.0 33.3 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.4 22.4 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.2 13.6 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.6 44.4 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) -0.3 2.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 472.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 9.1 11.5 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.2 26.8 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 151 Time to start a business (days) .. 14 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 34.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 44.9 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.1 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.1 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 22.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 6.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 25.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 23.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 14.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 27 193 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 2.1 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 20.8 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.0 11.1 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -3.6 -4.8 -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 12.9 17.4 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.1 16.3 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 11.7 17.5 26.3 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 16.0 4.2 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 10.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 20.9 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 1.1 2.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 47 Burundi Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.5 8.3 846 Labor force (millions) 3.1 4.6 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 120 150 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) -0.7 3.0 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 40.4 34.8 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.8 20.0 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.7 8.8 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.8 45.1 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 24.3 11.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 720.7 1,230.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 7.8 10.7 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.9 47.0 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 181 Time to start a business (days) .. 32 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 153.4 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 19.4 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 5.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 22.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 12.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 24.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 36 6 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 0.0 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 6.1 16.4 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 0.8 1.7 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -2.4 .. -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) 162.6 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 20.4 24.2 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.5 31.5 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 25.0 21.7 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 2.3 0.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 7.1 10.4 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 12.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 10.1 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 0.8 2.7 48 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Cambodia Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 12.8 14.8 846 Labor force (millions) 5.9 7.8 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.5 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 280 650 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 7.3 9.0 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 37.8 35.3 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.0 22.6 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.9 15.0 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.1 42.0 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) -0.8 -0.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3,840.8 4,139.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.8 59.6 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.8 62.7 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 147 Time to start a business (days) .. 85 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 39.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 22.5 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.9 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 2.0 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.2 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 5.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 60.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 11.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 15.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 2.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 2 231 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.1 5.1 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 20.0 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.9 11.3 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -3.4 -2.3 -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 6.4 17.5 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 9.5 26.5 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 6.4 24.5 26.3 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 7.5 6.3 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 29 113 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 27.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.0 37.8 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.5 2.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 49 Cameroon Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 15.9 19.5 3,811 Labor force (millions) 6.0 7.7 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.5 2.9 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 620 1,190 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.8 3.3 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.1 19.5 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.0 30.6 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.8 16.5 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.8 49.9 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.2 3.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 472.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.3 26.6 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.7 30.9 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 168 Time to start a business (days) .. 19 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 33.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.2 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 49.1 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 29.9 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 7.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 30.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 31.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 17.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 20.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 95 278 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 1.5 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.0 17.1 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.9 12.4 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.1 .. -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) 91.7 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 12.1 11.5 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 11.1 14.6 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.2 11.3 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 18.6 12.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 10.8 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 8.1 8.4 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 171 263 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 10.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.7 37.9 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.3 3.8 17.2 50 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Canada High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 30.8 33.7 1,117 Labor force (millions) 16.3 19.1 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.8 8.3 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 22,130 41,980 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.3 2.1 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.3 1.6 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.2 31.8 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.2 14.0 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.5 66.5 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.7 0.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.5 1.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.6 28.7 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.8 30.4 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 7 Time to start a business (days) .. 5 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 1 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 28.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 0.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 29.2 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.8 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 174.0 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 7.6 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.1 1.5 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.2 21.5 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.2 -1.9 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 56.7 53.2 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 85.8 176.7 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 70.1 123.0 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.7 5.7 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.3 1.3 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 95.7 128.6 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 3.0 4.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.8 2.3 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 39.9 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 16,991 17,061 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 28.4 68.4 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 42.2 77.7 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 51 Cape Verde Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.44 0.51 3,811 Labor force (millions) 0.16 0.21 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,310 3,010 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 6.6 6.4 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.0 9.2 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.9 20.1 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.3 6.7 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.2 70.7 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) -2.5 1.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 119.7 79.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.5 23.6 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.4 65.4 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 132 Time to start a business (days) .. 11 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 93.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 37.1 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.8 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 4.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 1.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 35.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 30.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 15.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 23 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.3 7.7 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 53.8 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 7.2 42.7 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -3.8 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 51.3 60.8 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 54.4 73.6 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 40.7 64.0 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 13.3 6.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.6 8.1 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 69.0 .. 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 4.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.5 77.5 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.8 29.7 17.2 52 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Cayman Islands High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.04 0.05 1,117 Labor force (millions) .. .. 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.5 4.0 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) .. .. 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 165.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 26.6 84.0 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) .. 43.7 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 53 Central African Republic Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.7 4.4 846 Labor force (millions) 1.7 2.1 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 270 450 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.0 0.8 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 53.1 55.5 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.8 14.6 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.0 7.6 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 31.0 29.9 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.2 3.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 472.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.8 14.5 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.1 22.4 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 182 Time to start a business (days) .. 22 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 22.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.8 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 203.8 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 176.8 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 6 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 2.1 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.5 10.6 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 4.8 6.9 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -0.5 -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 7.6 8.9 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 3.4 5.4 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.5 7.0 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 18.3 12.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 10.8 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 2.7 .. 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.1 3.8 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 0.5 2.7 54 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Chad Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.4 11.2 846 Labor force (millions) 3.3 4.3 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 180 600 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.1 10.2 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 42.3 13.6 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 11.3 48.8 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.9 6.6 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.3 37.5 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.8 10.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 472.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.9 42.1 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.7 70.1 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 183 Time to start a business (days) .. 75 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 36.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 65.4 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 31.3 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 20.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 21.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 4.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 10.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 43.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5 68 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.3 6.8 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.9 32.7 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.5 21.8 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 5.7 7.0 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 3.9 5.9 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 3.5 5.2 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 15.9 9.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 10.8 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 0.8 .. 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 22.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.1 24.0 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 1.7 2.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 55 Channel Islands High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.15 0.15 1,117 Labor force (millions) .. .. 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 43,020 68,610 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) .. 0.5 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 165.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 72.3 56 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Chile Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 15.4 17.0 1,002 Labor force (millions) 6.1 7.5 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.2 9.7 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,840 9,470 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.8 4.1 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.1 3.3 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.4 42.1 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.5 12.7 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.5 54.6 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 539.6 560.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.6 38.1 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.7 30.4 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 43 Time to start a business (days) .. 22 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 52.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.5 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 25.0 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.0 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 23.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 2.1 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 9.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 7.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 29.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 22.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 22.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 2,051 2,331 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.5 7.8 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 21.4 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 18.2 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -0.7 -4.5 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 64.7 79.6 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 50.9 55.2 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.5 7.4 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.7 3.0 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 73.6 97.5 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 9.8 2.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.6 5.2 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 18.4 .. 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,487 3,319 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 22.1 96.9 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 16.6 34.0 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 57 China East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,262.6 1,331.5 3,811 Labor force (millions) 726.0 783.2 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.1 4.3 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 930 3,650 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 8.5 10.9 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.1 10.3 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.9 46.3 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 32.1 33.9 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.0 43.4 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.3 -0.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.3 6.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.3 26.7 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.9 22.3 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 79 Time to start a business (days) .. 38 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 14 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 91.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.7 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 63.5 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.0 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 18.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 38.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 28.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 27.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 35.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 8,131 6,120 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.2 1.6 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 34.1 45.6 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 7.5 19.8 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -2.6 -2.1 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) 11.6 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 120.2 138.3 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 39.0 53.7 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.1 5.6 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 22.4 1.6 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 112.3 127.3 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 3.7 6.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.6 3.1 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 53.5 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 993 2,455 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.8 56.1 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.8 28.8 17.2 58 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Colombia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 39.8 45.7 1,002 Labor force (millions) 15.1 19.0 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.6 12.0 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,350 4,990 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 0.8 4.5 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.9 7.5 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.5 34.4 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.5 14.3 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 61.6 58.1 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.2 4.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,087.9 2,166.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.4 16.3 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.7 18.3 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 39 Time to start a business (days) .. 14 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 59.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 78.7 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.7 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 31.1 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 1.1 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 14.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 1.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 30.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 26.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 5.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1,032 1,042 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.4 3.1 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.3 20.5 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -5.8 -4.0 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 59.3 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 27.1 37.2 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 22.4 18.1 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.2 13.6 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.0 4.1 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 20.9 29.9 47.8 Real interest rate (%) -10.3 7.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.6 6.9 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 14.4 .. 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 844 974 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.7 92.3 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.2 45.5 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 59 Comoros Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.54 0.66 846 Labor force (millions) 0.25 0.32 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 400 810 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 1.7 1.9 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 48.6 46.3 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 11.5 12.1 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.5 4.3 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.9 38.0 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 534.0 354.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.7 14.7 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.5 48.2 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 159 Time to start a business (days) .. 24 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 100.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 217.9 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 31.4 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 0.5 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 1.7 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.1 12.4 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 6.2 7.7 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 9.0 16.1 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 5.9 23.2 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 11.9 16.0 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 8.3 5.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.0 8.6 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 76.5 .. 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 15.2 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.3 3.7 2.7 60 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Congo, Dem. Rep. Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 50.8 66.0 846 Labor force (millions) 18.6 24.9 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 80 160 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) -3.8 5.2 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 50.0 42.9 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.3 24.0 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.8 5.5 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 29.7 33.0 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 513.9 17.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 21.8 809.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.4 9.6 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.4 21.7 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 175 Time to start a business (days) .. 84 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 31.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.2 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 339.7 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 58.9 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 29.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 54.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 6.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 48.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 8.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 41 151 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.7 9.0 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 3.5 29.8 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 3.0 6.1 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -4.0 .. -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) 152.2 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 3.8 7.3 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 9.2 11.3 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 0.7 7.5 26.3 Real interest rate (%) .. 27.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. 49.5 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 1.8 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 89 95 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 21.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 15.4 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.6 2.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 61 Congo, Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.0 3.7 3,811 Labor force (millions) 1.3 1.6 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 580 2,080 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 1.9 4.0 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.3 4.5 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 72.2 71.1 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.5 4.5 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 22.5 24.4 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) -0.9 5.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 472.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 80.3 71.9 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.6 50.9 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 177 Time to start a business (days) .. 160 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 33.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.3 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 65.5 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 6.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 37.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 7.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 8.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 19.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 35 110 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.2 21.7 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.9 24.3 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.0 13.5 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.9 19.5 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) 283.7 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 6.4 3.6 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 8.6 10.2 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.8 4.8 92.9 Real interest rate (%) -17.0 14.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 10.8 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.7 7.1 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 99 150 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 25.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.3 58.9 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 6.7 17.2 62 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Costa Rica Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.9 4.6 1,002 Labor force (millions) 1.6 2.1 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.2 4.9 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,700 6,260 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.7 5.1 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.5 7.1 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.1 27.2 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 25.3 19.0 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.5 65.7 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 11.0 7.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 308.2 573.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.6 43.3 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.8 42.1 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 125 Time to start a business (days) .. 60 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 12 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 29.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.5 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 55.0 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.9 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 26.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 8.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 9.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 0.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 14.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 48.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 10.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 161 110 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.6 4.6 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.8 26.7 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.3 24.6 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -3.4 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 27.8 54.4 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.1 23.0 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.8 13.9 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.5 2.0 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 24.0 49.4 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 16.7 9.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.5 12.8 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 22.0 25.3 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,519 1,866 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.4 42.6 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.8 34.5 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 63 Côte d’Ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 17.3 21.1 3,811 Labor force (millions) 6.7 8.4 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.1 .. 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 620 1,070 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.4 0.8 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.2 24.4 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.9 25.2 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.7 18.0 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.9 50.4 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.5 1.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 472.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.4 41.7 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.3 33.8 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 169 Time to start a business (days) .. 40 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 49.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.2 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 44.4 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.8 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 1.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 13.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 13.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 20.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 4.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 215 318 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.3 1.6 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.2 11.2 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.4 8.3 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. 0.9 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 96.4 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 19.4 19.3 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.5 17.4 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 15.5 17.1 92.9 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.7 7.9 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 166 186 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.7 63.3 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 4.6 17.2 64 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Croatia High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.4 4.4 1,117 Labor force (millions) 2.0 2.0 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.1 9.1 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,200 13,770 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.1 3.9 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.5 6.7 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.5 27.1 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.3 16.0 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.0 66.1 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.6 2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.3 5.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.7 36.1 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.0 39.4 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 84 Time to start a business (days) .. 7 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 39.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 32.5 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.4 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 7.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 2.6 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.6 10.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 43.7 6.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 36.1 60.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 42.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 16.3 16.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 746 719 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.2 4.7 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 24.7 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 22.6 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -5.3 -3.0 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 44.9 77.7 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.3 62.5 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.9 13.9 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 9.5 7.8 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 32.0 66.3 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 7.1 8.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 8.4 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 85.4 86.9 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,840 3,878 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 23.3 136.2 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.8 50.4 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 65 Cuba Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.1 11.2 1,002 Labor force (millions) 4.8 5.0 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.4 1.6 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,630 5,550 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.0 6.7 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.4 5.0 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.9 20.0 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.7 9.6 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 63.7 74.9 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.1 20.0 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.9 18.2 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 600 60 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.9 9.7 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 47.8 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 49.0 .. 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,142 1,327 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.1 4.0 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 14.3 34.6 66 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Cyprus High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.79 0.87 1,117 Labor force (millions) 0.36 0.45 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.9 5.2 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,440 30,480 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.9 3.3 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.6 2.1 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.1 19.6 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.9 7.6 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 77.3 78.3 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.1 0.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.6 0.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.4 46.3 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.5 57.4 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 37 Time to start a business (days) .. 8 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 64.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 23.2 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.4 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 16.1 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 20.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.2 23.6 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.0 22.9 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -5.9 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 156.3 97.3 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 178.1 295.6 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 161.3 241.1 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 211.8 269.7 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 4.0 1.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.5 3.3 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 60.6 64.6 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,045 5,711 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 27.8 112.2 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 15.3 49.8 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 67 Czech Republic High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.3 10.5 1,117 Labor force (millions) 5.1 5.2 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.8 6.7 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,800 17,310 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 1.0 4.1 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.9 2.3 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.1 37.2 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 26.8 23.2 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.0 60.5 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.9 1.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 38.6 19.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 63.4 69.5 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 66.4 63.8 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 63 Time to start a business (days) .. 20 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 22.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.2 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 48.8 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 7.4 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 21.7 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 3.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 1.7 10.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 35.9 0.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 20.4 33.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 50.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 16.5 43.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.8 1.4 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.0 22.7 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -3.6 -6.1 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 13.7 31.9 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 52.4 65.1 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 58.1 63.6 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.4 6.1 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 29.3 4.6 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 49.0 55.3 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 5.6 3.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.7 4.7 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,694 6,464 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 42.3 135.9 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 9.7 63.7 72.3 68 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Denmark High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.3 5.5 1,117 Labor force (millions) 2.9 3.0 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.5 6.0 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 31,850 59,060 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 2.8 1.2 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.6 0.9 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.8 22.5 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.2 13.1 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.6 76.6 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.9 1.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.1 5.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.6 47.8 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.5 44.0 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 6 Time to start a business (days) .. 6 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 29.2 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.9 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 16.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 4.6 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 22.5 0.9 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.2 18.1 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.6 -2.1 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 53.3 41.0 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 146.2 236.0 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 35.4 59.4 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.2 5.7 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.7 0.3 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 135.3 231.6 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 4.9 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.9 .. 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,485 6,460 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 63.0 133.9 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 39.2 85.9 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 69 Djibouti Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.73 0.86 3,811 Labor force (millions) 0.30 0.39 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 59.5 .. 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 760 1,280 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) -0.2 4.0 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.5 3.9 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.4 16.9 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.6 2.5 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 81.1 79.3 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.7 1.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 177.7 177.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.1 57.1 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.4 77.1 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 158 Time to start a business (days) .. 37 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 56.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 38.7 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.7 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 50 396 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.6 9.2 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 8.8 37.5 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 6.1 25.2 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 36.2 32.5 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 47.6 78.9 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 32.1 29.3 92.9 Real interest rate (%) -2.3 1.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.6 9.4 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 45.0 .. 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 14.9 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 3.0 17.2 70 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Dominica Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.07 0.07 1,002 Labor force (millions) .. .. 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.0 .. 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,200 4,900 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 2.2 2.9 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 18.1 19.5 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.5 23.2 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.8 4.2 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.4 57.3 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.9 0.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.3 38.4 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67.5 65.5 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 88 Time to start a business (days) .. 14 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 58.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 37.0 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.9 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 3.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 19 5 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.5 13.3 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.1 29.5 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.1 6.9 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 79.9 63.0 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 68.6 101.1 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 62.0 63.3 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 11.0 8.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 6.8 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 50.4 .. 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.7 144.0 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 8.4 38.0 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 71 Dominican Republic Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.8 10.1 1,002 Labor force (millions) 3.7 4.5 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 14.2 14.2 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,550 4,550 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 7.0 5.5 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.2 6.2 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.9 32.5 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 26.1 24.5 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.8 61.3 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.7 1.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 16.4 36.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.0 22.2 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.9 30.3 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 91 Time to start a business (days) .. 19 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 88.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.5 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 40.7 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.5 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 12.9 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 2.1 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 8.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 17.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 12.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 30.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 9.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1,076 740 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.0 4.4 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.5 14.7 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 0.0 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -3.8 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 31.1 23.6 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 25.5 19.6 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.4 9.1 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.6 4.0 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 29.0 21.3 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 18.6 14.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.1 10.3 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 49.4 .. 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 709 1,377 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.0 85.5 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.7 26.8 34.6 72 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Ecuador Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 12.3 13.6 3,811 Labor force (millions) 4.8 5.9 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.0 6.5 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,340 3,970 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 0.7 5.0 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. 6.2 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. 23.2 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. 9.9 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. 70.6 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 96.1 5.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 11,786.8 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.1 37.1 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.0 48.1 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 130 Time to start a business (days) .. 56 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 135.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.3 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 35.3 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.4 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 17.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 11.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 24.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 23.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 18.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 20 259 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) -0.1 0.6 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.5 28.2 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.6 -10.8 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.9 7.7 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 31.0 2.9 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 29.9 25.3 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 26.0 6.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 7.1 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 18.9 14.8 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 654 1,137 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.9 100.1 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.5 15.1 17.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 73 Egypt, Arab Rep. Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 70.2 83.0 3,811 Labor force (millions) 21.7 27.4 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.0 9.4 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,390 2,070 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.2 4.9 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.7 13.7 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.1 37.3 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.4 16.0 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.1 49.0 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.7 11.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.5 5.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.2 25.0 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.8 31.9 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 94 Time to start a business (days) .. 7 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 132.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.2 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 42.6 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.2 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 6.3 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.1 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 8.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 5.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 5.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 92.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 21.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 864 1,791 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.2 3.6 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 19.0 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.1 10.9 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -6.7 -6.6 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 79.5 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 77.1 63.7 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 67.6 71.2 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.6 6.4 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 13.6 13.4 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 52.0 36.2 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 7.9 1.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.8 5.5 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 78.1 86.9 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 958 1,425 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.9 66.7 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.6 20.0 17.2 74 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean El Salvador Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.9 6.2 3,811 Labor force (millions) 2.3 2.5 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.0 5.9 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,110 3,370 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.3 2.6 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.5 12.5 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.6 27.5 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 24.7 21.4 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.9 60.1 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.3 1.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.8 8.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.4 22.3 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.4 37.8 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 86 Time to start a business (days) .. 17 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 86.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 35.0 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.0 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 4.4 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 1.2 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 9.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 2.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 17.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 22.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 11.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 277 87 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.3 2.0 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.9 13.1 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.2 10.6 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -4.7 -5.0 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) 55.3 48.5 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 5.5 5.1 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 4.9 4.8 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.8 13.2 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 4.3 3.6 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 45.2 41.3 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 10.5 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.6 .. 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 19.8 .. 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 680 953 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.5 122.8 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.2 14.4 17.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 75 Equatorial Guinea High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.53 0.68 1,117 Labor force (millions) 0.19 0.26 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,250 12,420 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 36.0 16.8 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.8 3.5 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 85.9 91.9 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 1.4 18.2 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 4.2 4.7 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.8 6.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 472.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 98.6 74.1 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 85.4 41.6 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 164 Time to start a business (days) .. 136 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 20 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 133.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 59.5 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.5 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 12.3 15.7 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 61.3 36.6 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 56.2 16.1 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 3.3 2.9 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 3.7 6.5 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 3.0 7.7 165.1 Real interest rate (%) -16.8 16.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 10.8 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.9 65.8 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 2.1 72.3 76 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Eritrea Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.7 5.1 846 Labor force (millions) 1.4 2.2 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 170 320 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 1.5 0.2 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.1 14.4 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.0 22.2 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.2 5.6 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 61.9 63.4 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 9.6 15.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.1 4.5 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 81.8 20.3 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 180 Time to start a business (days) .. 84 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 69.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 84.5 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.8 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 0.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 0.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 11.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 15.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 40 .. 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.4 0.0 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.8 10.6 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 5.0 1.2 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 32.5 16.6 26.3 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 21.8 .. 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 2.8 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 4.9 2.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 77 Estonia High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.4 1.3 1,117 Labor force (millions) 0.66 0.70 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.1 13.7 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,220 14,060 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.8 5.9 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.8 2.9 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.5 29.1 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.7 16.7 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.6 68.0 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.0 -0.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 17.0 11.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 84.6 70.6 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 88.2 65.2 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 17 Time to start a business (days) .. 7 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 35.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 49.6 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.0 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 7.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 8.1 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.4 5.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 18.5 0.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 24.2 41.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 3.5 207.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 7.5 21.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.8 9.2 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.7 21.8 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.9 31.0 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.2 -1.3 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 4.3 9.1 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 37.4 110.0 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 27.8 56.2 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.6 8.5 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.0 5.2 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 36.1 110.2 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 2.4 10.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.7 4.6 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 20.1 28.8 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,629 6,348 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 40.7 203.0 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 28.6 72.3 72.3 78 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Ethiopia Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 65.5 82.8 846 Labor force (millions) 29.0 40.0 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.2 20.5 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 130 330 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.5 8.5 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 49.9 50.7 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 12.4 10.7 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.5 4.0 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 37.8 38.6 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.7 8.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.2 11.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 12.0 10.6 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.0 28.8 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 104 Time to start a business (days) .. 9 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 40.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 31.1 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.8 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 1.3 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.1 3.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 4.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 31.0 11.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 2.3 4.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 4 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 0.8 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.3 22.4 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.1 5.9 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -4.2 -4.5 -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) 84.2 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 27.3 23.7 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 28.1 27.1 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.1 17.8 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 3.8 -17.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.9 3.3 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 12.0 13.7 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 23 42 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 5.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 4.9 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.5 2.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 79 Faeroe Islands High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.05 0.05 1,117 Labor force (millions) .. .. 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 3.2 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) .. .. 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.1 5.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 165.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 37.1 117.2 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 32.8 77.1 72.3 80 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Fiji Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.80 0.85 1,002 Labor force (millions) 0.31 0.34 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 8.6 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,260 3,840 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 2.2 1.4 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.1 13.2 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.3 17.9 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.0 14.0 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.6 68.8 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.1 3.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.1 2.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.2 47.1 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 70.3 61.7 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 62 Time to start a business (days) .. 46 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 22.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.8 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 39.3 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 28.9 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 4.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 4.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 37.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 19.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 22.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 3 90 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 2.0 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.4 20.9 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.2 18.2 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -2.9 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 38.4 45.5 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 36.8 43.6 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 32.0 49.9 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 13.7 7.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.5 7.1 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 49.2 .. 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.9 75.4 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.5 13.4 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 81 Finland High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.2 5.3 1,117 Labor force (millions) 2.7 2.7 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.7 8.2 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,430 45,940 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.9 2.5 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.5 2.7 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 34.7 28.2 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 26.5 18.2 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 61.8 69.2 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.4 0.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.3 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.6 37.4 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.5 34.9 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 13 Time to start a business (days) .. 14 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 3 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 0.9 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 44.6 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.9 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 11.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 3.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.5 0.0 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.0 19.5 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 6.7 4.6 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 55.2 36.2 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 55.6 98.3 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 46.1 62.6 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.3 6.4 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.6 0.7 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 53.2 94.4 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 2.9 3.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.0 2.7 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 62.0 65.5 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 15,286 16,350 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 72.0 144.2 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 37.2 83.9 72.3 82 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development France High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions)a 58.9 62.6 1,117 Labor force (millions) 26.4 28.7 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.2 9.1 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 24,450 42,620 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 2.9 1.5 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.8 1.7 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.9 18.8 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.0 10.6 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 74.3 79.4 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.7 0.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.9 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.6 23.0 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.7 25.0 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 26 Time to start a business (days) .. 7 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 32.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.9 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 65.8 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.2 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 128.9 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 3.1 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.2 2.3 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 20.6 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -1.7 -7.3 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 60.7 82.8 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 103.1 127.4 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 62.5 78.6 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.7 4.5 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.0 3.6 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 85.0 110.3 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 5.2 4.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.1 4.4 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,485 7,931 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 49.3 95.1 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 14.4 71.3 72.3 a. Excludes the French overseas departments of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Reunion. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 83 French Polynesia High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.24 0.27 1,117 Labor force (millions) 0.10 0.11 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.7 11.7 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 16,080 .. 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.5 .. 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.7 .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 129.5 87.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 4.9 .. 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.2 .. 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 165.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 16.9 77.4 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.4 44.6 72.3 84 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Gabon Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.2 1.5 1,002 Labor force (millions) 0.54 0.71 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,080 7,370 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 0.3 2.1 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.2 5.1 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 56.3 53.8 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.7 4.3 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 37.5 41.2 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.5 1.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 472.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.0 52.2 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.7 33.3 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 156 Time to start a business (days) .. 58 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 43.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 43.5 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.4 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 3.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 4.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 2.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 22.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 6.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 34.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 18.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 12 91 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) -0.8 0.3 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.9 28.4 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 23.2 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 11.7 10.6 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 11.4 14.2 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 16.2 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 6.6 9.8 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.7 10.1 47.8 Real interest rate (%) -4.8 9.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 10.8 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.9 10.2 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 876 1,158 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 9.7 93.1 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.2 6.7 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 85 Gambia, The Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.3 1.7 846 Labor force (millions) 0.58 0.77 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 330 440 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.6 5.2 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 35.8 27.5 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.1 15.5 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.4 5.0 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.1 57.1 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.8 4.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 12.8 26.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.0 30.4 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 56.8 50.1 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 146 Time to start a business (days) .. 27 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 292.3 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 41.4 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 7.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 13.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 7.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 63.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 22.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 7 35 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.9 5.4 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.4 24.8 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.8 13.9 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 34.2 26.7 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 33.5 35.1 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.5 18.9 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 19.6 24.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.5 11.5 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 19.3 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 23.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.4 84.0 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.9 7.6 2.7 86 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Georgia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.7 4.3 3,811 Labor force (millions) 2.4 2.3 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.8 16.5 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 730 2,530 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.6 7.4 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 21.9 9.6 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.4 21.4 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.1 11.6 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.7 69.0 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.0 1.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.0 1.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.0 29.5 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.7 49.0 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 12 Time to start a business (days) .. 3 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 3 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.3 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 15.3 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.3 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 7.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 11.0 2.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 81.2 8.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 25.9 38.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 1.9 11.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 16.8 16.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 49 154 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.3 6.1 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.4 14.4 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 24.5 6.4 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -1.6 -7.8 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) 69.9 34.7 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 7.5 32.1 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 5.2 19.1 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 30.5 18.3 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.6 6.3 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.7 31.2 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 26.8 28.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 22.6 15.2 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 93.4 94.1 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,353 1,678 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.1 66.6 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 30.5 17.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 87 Germany High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 82.2 81.9 1,117 Labor force (millions) 40.4 42.3 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.7 7.7 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,510 42,450 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 2.0 1.0 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.3 0.8 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.3 26.5 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.9 19.1 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.5 72.7 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.5 0.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.8 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.4 40.8 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.0 35.9 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 22 Time to start a business (days) .. 15 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 69.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.2 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 48.2 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.0 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 64.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 1.2 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 1.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 14.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 45.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 3.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 11.1 1.2 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.5 17.6 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.4 -2.2 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 37.8 47.2 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 145.2 132.2 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 90.8 117.2 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.2 4.8 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 4.7 3.3 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 118.6 112.3 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 10.4 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.2 .. 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 100.0 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,636 7,149 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 58.6 128.2 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 30.2 79.5 72.3 88 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Ghana Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 19.5 23.8 846 Labor force (millions) 8.6 11.0 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.4 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 330 1,190 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.4 5.8 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 39.4 31.7 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.4 18.9 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.1 6.9 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 32.2 49.5 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 25.2 19.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.5 1.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.8 30.5 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67.2 41.3 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 67 Time to start a business (days) .. 12 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 178.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.9 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 32.7 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.1 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 9.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 4.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 18.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 16.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 24.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 6.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 10 847 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 6.4 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.1 19.6 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.7 11.6 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -6.5 -5.6 -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 14.5 .. 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 16.8 .. 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.8 17.0 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.9 16.2 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.0 15.9 26.3 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 29.6 14.9 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 324 268 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 9.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.7 63.4 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 5.4 2.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 89 Gibraltar High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.03 0.03 1,117 Labor force (millions) .. .. 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) .. .. 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.7 0.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 165.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,325 5,349 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 19.2 92.1 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 19.1 65.1 72.3 90 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Greece High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.9 11.3 1,117 Labor force (millions) 4.9 5.2 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.1 9.5 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,560 29,040 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.5 3.6 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.6 3.1 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.0 17.5 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.1 10.1 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.5 79.3 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.2 1.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 365.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.9 18.6 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.4 29.3 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 109 Time to start a business (days) .. 19 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 15 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 24.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 47.2 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.9 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 8.4 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 1.2 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 1.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 55.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 25.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 7.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 11.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 0.7 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.6 16.9 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -3.7 -15.2 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 123.9 138.5 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 78.1 109.0 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 50.5 103.1 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.9 6.1 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 12.3 7.7 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 47.0 91.7 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 8.6 2.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.2 4.3 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 91.8 .. 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,539 5,723 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 54.3 117.8 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 9.2 44.1 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 91 Greenland High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.06 0.06 1,117 Labor force (millions) .. .. 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.0 8.4 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 20,290 26,160 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.8 1.7 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.1 5.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 165.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 26.9 95.4 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 31.7 64.2 72.3 92 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Grenada Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.10 0.10 1,002 Labor force (millions) .. .. 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.2 .. 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,870 5,580 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 7.4 1.8 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.3 6.5 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.2 18.4 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.5 4.1 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.5 75.1 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.5 -2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.9 26.8 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 72.2 56.6 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 92 Time to start a business (days) .. 15 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 29.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 45.3 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 27.6 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 7 16 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.7 14.5 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 41.8 23.2 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 35.0 18.8 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 88.1 112.0 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 89.5 114.5 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 75.7 97.7 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 11.1 12.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.4 7.7 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 61.0 .. 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.2 61.6 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.1 24.1 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 93 Guam High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.16 0.18 1,117 Labor force (millions) 0.07 0.08 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.3 .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) .. .. 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 165.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 17.5 59.1 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 16.1 50.6 72.3 94 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Guatemala Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.2 14.0 3,811 Labor force (millions) 4.0 5.5 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.4 1.8 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,730 2,650 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.1 3.7 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.1 12.4 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.1 28.5 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.3 19.8 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.8 59.2 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.0 1.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7.8 8.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.2 23.4 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.0 33.1 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 101 Time to start a business (days) .. 37 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 12 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 101.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 40.9 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.9 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 5.1 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 9.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 3.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 12.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 35.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 8.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 147 206 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.2 1.6 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.1 15.1 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.7 12.0 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -1.8 -3.2 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) 17.0 23.3 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 22.1 36.0 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 18.2 39.0 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.9 10.5 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.9 2.7 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.8 25.4 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 13.2 11.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.7 8.3 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 34.5 .. 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 343 543 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.6 123.4 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.7 16.3 17.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 95 Guinea Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.4 10.1 846 Labor force (millions) 4.0 4.8 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 400 370 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.4 3.0 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 20.3 17.2 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.5 53.0 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.0 5.3 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 47.2 29.8 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. 4.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,746.9 5,500.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.6 40.7 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.9 45.4 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 179 Time to start a business (days) .. 41 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.8 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 54.6 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 19.4 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 2.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 57.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 0.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 16.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 5.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 6 246 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 1.2 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 21.6 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.0 17.0 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -2.4 .. -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. 8.2 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. 10.0 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 3.8 5.7 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 7.4 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.9 .. 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 16.5 9.8 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 33.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.5 55.7 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 0.9 2.7 96 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Guinea-Bissau Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.3 1.6 846 Labor force (millions) 0.54 0.66 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 170 510 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) -2.7 1.0 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 56.4 .. 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.0 .. 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.5 .. 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 30.6 .. 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.6 -1.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 472.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.8 .. 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.6 .. 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 176 Time to start a business (days) .. 216 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 17 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 87.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 45.9 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.9 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 2.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 22.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 0.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 20.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 8.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 3 28 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 1.7 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.3 .. 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 1.3 .. 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 7.9 7.1 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.7 9.4 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.9 5.6 26.3 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 27.9 .. 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 9.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 34.8 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 2.3 2.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 97 Guyana Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.76 0.76 3,811 Labor force (millions) 0.32 0.34 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.1 .. 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 870 2,660 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 2.5 2.2 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 31.1 20.6 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.0 34.3 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.2 7.7 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.9 45.1 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.1 2.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 182.4 204.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 96.1 84.6 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 110.7 119.2 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 100 Time to start a business (days) .. 30 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 56.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 38.9 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.8 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 2.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 5.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 32.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 93.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 17.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 11 26 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.4 7.1 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.8 26.6 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.0 13.8 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 70.4 69.5 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 65.7 88.0 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 57.1 36.5 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 10.0 13.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.6 12.2 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 7.4 .. 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.3 36.8 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.6 28.9 17.2 98 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Haiti Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.6 10.0 846 Labor force (millions) 3.5 4.5 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 2.5 0.7 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 13.7 0.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 21.2 41.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 12.7 14.2 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.4 43.9 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 162 Time to start a business (days) .. 105 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.7 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 40.1 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.3 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 101 176 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.4 0.6 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 17.5 14.7 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 29.9 30.5 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 15.5 14.5 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 7.3 13.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.0 16.2 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 24.3 .. 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 35 23 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.6 36.4 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 10.0 2.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 99 Honduras Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.2 7.5 3,811 Labor force (millions) 2.4 2.8 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.1 2.9 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 930 1,800 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 2.8 4.9 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.9 12.5 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.5 27.1 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.7 18.6 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.7 60.4 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 11.0 5.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 14.8 18.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.0 42.1 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 66.4 60.8 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 131 Time to start a business (days) .. 14 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 95.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.8 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 48.3 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.7 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 4.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 6.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 8.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 27.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 16.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 127 277 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.4 3.5 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 22.6 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.3 19.1 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -4.5 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 34.7 51.9 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 35.2 46.5 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.8 .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 10.6 .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 34.1 52.6 92.9 Real interest rate (%) -3.1 14.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.9 8.6 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 20.4 .. 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 515 708 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.5 103.3 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.2 9.8 17.2 100 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Hong Kong SAR, China High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.7 7.0 1,117 Labor force (millions) 3.4 3.7 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.9 5.2 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 26,570 31,570 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 1.8 4.7 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.4 8.0 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.4 2.5 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 86.5 92.0 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) -3.8 0.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7.8 7.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 143.3 193.8 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 138.8 186.7 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 2 Time to start a business (days) .. 6 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 3 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 10.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 24.1 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.7 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 101.0 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 19.2 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 36.6 24.9 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.4 20.9 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -6.8 0.6 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 27.7 30.5 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 167.9 199.2 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 220.8 319.9 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.0 12.7 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.3 1.1 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 152.6 158.0 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 13.6 4.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.7 5.0 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,447 5,866 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 81.7 174.3 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 27.8 61.4 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 101 Hungary High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.2 10.0 1,117 Labor force (millions) 4.2 4.3 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.4 10.0 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,700 12,980 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.3 2.9 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.4 4.3 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.2 29.4 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.5 21.7 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.4 66.2 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.8 4.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 282.2 202.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 72.2 81.4 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 75.8 80.2 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 46 Time to start a business (days) .. 4 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 35.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 53.3 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.7 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 43.0 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 6.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.2 13.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 27.4 0.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 21.6 48.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 9.6 48.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 32.6 39.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1,168 2,645 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.8 2.2 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 20.1 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -2.7 -4.0 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 61.0 81.7 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 41.1 82.7 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 38.0 47.4 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.3 8.5 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.0 6.7 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 31.4 71.3 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 0.9 6.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.1 5.2 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 43.7 37.7 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,309 3,989 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 30.1 117.7 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.0 61.6 72.3 102 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Iceland High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.28 0.32 1,117 Labor force (millions) 0.17 0.20 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.3 7.2 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 30,830 43,430 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.0 3.9 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.1 6.4 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.1 27.3 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.9 12.9 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.8 66.3 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.1 12.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 78.6 123.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.6 53.0 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.9 44.2 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 15 Time to start a business (days) .. 5 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 13.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 26.8 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.9 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 2.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 12.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.8 0.5 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.9 13.9 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.7 -8.9 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 60.5 104.7 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 97.7 340.7 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 42.6 90.5 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.2 13.0 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.5 61.2 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 97.1 261.2 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 12.7 9.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.2 7.2 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 29.5 36.6 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 26,221 50,067 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 76.5 109.4 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 44.5 94.5 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 103 India South Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,015.9 1,155.3 3,811 Labor force (millions) 385.4 457.5 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.3 4.4 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 450 1,220 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.9 7.9 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 23.4 17.8 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.2 27.0 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.6 14.8 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.5 55.3 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.0 10.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 44.9 48.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 13.2 19.6 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.2 24.0 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 134 Time to start a business (days) .. 29 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 12 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 56.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 7.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 63.3 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.0 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 84.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.1 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 12.9 6.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 52.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 46.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 29.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 0.0 22.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 2,665 36,057 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.8 2.5 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.7 30.8 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.3 22.4 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -3.9 -4.9 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) 56.0 53.0 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 44.7 67.8 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 45.8 65.5 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.7 6.4 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 12.8 2.3 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.8 46.8 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 8.5 4.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 47.5 49.3 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 402 566 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.4 45.4 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 5.3 17.2 104 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Indonesia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 205.3 230.0 3,811 Labor force (millions) 97.0 115.6 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.1 7.9 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 580 2,050 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) -0.6 5.3 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.6 15.8 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.9 49.1 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 27.7 27.2 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 38.5 35.2 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.7 6.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8,421.8 10,389.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.0 24.1 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.5 21.3 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 121 Time to start a business (days) .. 47 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 108.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.5 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 37.3 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.6 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 29.0 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.2 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 1.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 14.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 11.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 23.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 2.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 642 1,899 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) -2.8 0.9 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.9 31.1 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -3.7 -1.7 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) 44.6 28.3 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 51.8 31.4 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 48.2 34.1 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.0 10.3 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 34.4 3.3 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.9 27.6 92.9 Real interest rate (%) -1.7 5.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 5.2 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 57.1 59.1 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 402 591 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.8 69.2 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.9 8.7 17.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 105 Iran, Islamic Rep. Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 63.9 72.9 1,002 Labor force (millions) 22.4 29.2 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.8 10.5 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,670 4,530 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.7 5.4 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 13.7 10.2 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.7 44.5 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.2 10.6 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.5 45.3 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 14.5 13.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,765.3 9,864.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.7 32.2 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17.4 21.5 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 129 Time to start a business (days) .. 8 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 87.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.5 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 44.1 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.8 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5 483 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 0.9 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.4 25.8 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.6 16.7 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.8 0.6 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 20.5 36.8 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 34.3 40.3 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.5 36.7 47.8 Real interest rate (%) .. 11.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. -1.1 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 64.8 73.3 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,586 2,423 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.5 72.1 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.0 38.3 34.6 106 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Middle East & North Africa Iraq Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 25.1 31.5 3,811 Labor force (millions) 6.0 7.7 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 17.5 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 2,210 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 17.9 -0.3 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.4 8.6 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 84.4 70.1 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 0.9 1.7 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 10.3 21.3 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.3 1,170.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 166 Time to start a business (days) .. 77 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 28.4 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.9 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 447 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 1.6 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. -5.9 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. 10.3 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. 6.4 92.9 Real interest rate (%) .. 61.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. 7.8 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 84.3 .. 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,161 1,164 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 62.6 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 1.0 17.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 107 Ireland High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.8 4.5 1,117 Labor force (millions) 1.8 2.2 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.3 11.7 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 23,180 44,280 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 9.7 3.9 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.2 1.0 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 42.0 31.2 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 32.9 23.7 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.9 67.8 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.6 -4.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.7 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 98.3 88.5 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 84.8 73.6 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 9 Time to start a business (days) .. 13 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 18.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 0.4 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 26.5 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.9 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 13.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 4.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 2.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 11.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 37.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 28.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 17.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 26.4 11.1 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.2 15.1 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 4.9 -13.9 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 40.0 69.2 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 108.7 241.0 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 78.1 116.2 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.5 5.6 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.0 9.0 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 105.6 230.3 165.1 Real interest rate (%) -1.1 0.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.7 2.6 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,796 6,301 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 64.7 109.5 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 17.8 68.4 72.3 108 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Isle of Man High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.08 1,117 Labor force (millions) .. .. 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.6 2.4 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 21,980 49,310 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 10.4 6.2 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.7 0.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 165.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 109 Israel High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.3 7.4 1,117 Labor force (millions) 2.5 3.1 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.8 7.6 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 17,840 25,790 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.6 3.6 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.1 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 4.1 3.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.1 34.7 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.4 32.2 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 29 Time to start a business (days) .. 34 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 91.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 31.7 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.8 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 19.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 4.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.5 2.0 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.4 16.7 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -1.9 -4.3 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 85.6 93.8 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 78.7 89.7 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.3 6.0 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 6.9 1.5 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 76.9 84.5 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 11.1 -1.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.2 2.6 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,323 7,054 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 70.0 121.2 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 20.2 49.7 72.3 110 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Italy High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 56.9 60.2 1,117 Labor force (millions) 23.2 25.4 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.8 7.8 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 20,890 35,110 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 1.8 0.5 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.8 1.8 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.4 25.1 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.0 16.1 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.8 73.1 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.5 0.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,736.2 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.1 24.0 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.1 24.4 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 80 Time to start a business (days) .. 6 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 11.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 68.6 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.8 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 68.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 1.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.2 1.4 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.3 18.9 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -0.7 -4.9 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 119.4 118.9 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 92.0 139.1 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 50.2 78.2 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.0 8.0 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.8 7.0 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 76.0 110.8 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 5.0 2.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.2 4.9 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,299 5,661 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 74.2 150.5 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 23.2 48.5 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 111 Jamaica Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.6 2.7 1,002 Labor force (millions) 1.2 1.2 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.5 11.4 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,310 4,590 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) -0.5 1.5 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.0 6.2 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.5 22.1 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.6 9.1 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.4 71.7 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.2 9.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 43.0 87.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.1 34.7 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.9 53.3 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 81 Time to start a business (days) .. 8 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 62.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.1 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 50.1 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 28.6 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 2.0 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 1.2 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 6.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 4.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 37.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 6.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 16.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 546 60 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.2 4.5 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.9 21.1 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.9 .. 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -15.9 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 115.8 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 38.8 47.4 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 34.5 40.0 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.2 .. 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.0 .. 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 25.7 28.5 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 11.5 9.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.7 9.5 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 70.1 73.3 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,321 2,552 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 14.2 110.1 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.1 58.6 34.6 112 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Japan High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 126.9 127.6 1,117 Labor force (millions) 67.6 65.8 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.8 5.0 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 34,620 38,080 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 0.6 1.1 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.8 1.5 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.4 28.0 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.2 19.9 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.8 70.6 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) -0.7 -1.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 107.8 93.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11.0 12.5 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 9.5 12.2 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 18 Time to start a business (days) .. 23 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 0.6 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 48.6 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 27.9 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 105.7 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 1.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.2 0.2 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.2 20.6 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 157.7 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 239.9 215.9 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 231.5 209.3 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.6 4.7 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.3 1.7 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 222.3 171.0 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 3.9 2.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.0 1.3 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 76.6 79.6 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,974 8,071 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 52.6 90.1 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 30.0 77.7 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 113 Jordan Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.8 6.0 3,811 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.9 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.8 12.9 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,790 3,980 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.2 6.9 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.3 2.9 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.5 31.6 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.7 19.7 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.1 65.5 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.7 -0.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.7 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.8 43.5 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 68.5 65.0 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 111 Time to start a business (days) .. 13 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.3 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 31.2 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.2 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 2.7 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 6.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 0.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 8.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 47.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 15.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 584 1,580 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 10.8 9.5 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.1 14.8 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.9 6.4 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -2.0 -8.5 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) 93.7 57.9 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 89.4 110.4 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 90.6 104.0 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.0 11.0 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 18.4 6.7 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 72.1 71.7 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 12.2 1.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.8 4.3 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,377 2,087 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.1 101.1 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.7 29.3 17.2 114 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia KazakhstanUpper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 14.9 15.9 1,002 Labor force (millions) 7.5 8.6 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.8 6.6 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,260 6,920 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 1.9 8.8 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.7 6.4 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 40.5 40.3 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.7 11.4 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.8 53.3 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 13.2 7.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 142.1 147.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 56.6 42.0 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.1 33.8 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 59 Time to start a business (days) .. 19 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 9.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.5 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 29.6 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.3 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 28.0 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 2.6 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 7.6 4.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 57.1 25.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 17.4 31.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.4 47.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.8 10.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 375 596 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.0 11.8 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.3 29.1 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.5 23.6 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.1 -2.0 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 21.6 9.5 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 13.5 59.6 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 11.1 38.0 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.6 -9.3 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 21.2 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 11.2 50.3 47.8 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 86.5 89.9 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,170 4,689 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.3 94.4 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.7 33.4 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 115 Kenya Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 31.4 39.8 846 Labor force (millions) 14.3 18.7 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.8 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 420 760 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 2.2 4.4 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.4 22.6 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.9 15.3 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.6 8.7 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.7 62.1 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 10.0 9.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 76.2 77.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.6 25.2 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.7 38.3 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 98 Time to start a business (days) .. 33 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 11 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 47.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.5 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 49.7 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 33.1 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 17.9 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 5.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 32.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 22.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 40.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 9.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 130 289 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 0.5 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.7 20.1 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 7.5 14.5 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.0 -5.5 -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) 52.6 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 33.8 40.4 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 32.0 38.2 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.9 12.7 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 33.3 7.9 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.4 31.5 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 15.3 7.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 14.2 8.8 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 12.1 14.1 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 109 155 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 6.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.4 48.7 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.3 10.0 2.7 116 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Kiribati Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.10 3,811 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,380 1,830 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 6.2 1.3 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.5 28.6 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 11.8 9.5 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.0 6.2 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.7 61.8 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 6.9 9.4 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.8 76.5 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 93 Time to start a business (days) .. 21 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 31.8 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.4 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 25.8 1.7 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 92.9 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.4 1.0 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.8 2.0 17.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 117 Korea, Dem. Rep. East Asia & Pacific Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 22.9 23.9 846 Labor force (millions) 11.1 12.4 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) .. .. 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 400 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 26.3 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 6.4 2.8 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 715 820 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 0.3 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.0 2.7 118 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Korea, Rep. High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 47.0 48.7 1,117 Labor force (millions) 22.7 24.7 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.4 3.6 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,910 19,830 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.5 4.2 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.6 2.6 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.1 36.5 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 28.3 27.7 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.3 60.9 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.3 2.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,131.0 1,276.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.6 49.9 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.7 46.0 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 16 Time to start a business (days) .. 14 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 91.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 29.8 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.3 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 60.0 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 1.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 0.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 21.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 39.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 3.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 17.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.7 0.2 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.0 29.3 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 4.4 0.0 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 9.6 .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 79.7 112.8 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 65.5 69.5 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.6 10.9 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 8.9 1.2 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 77.7 107.6 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 3.4 2.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 0.6 2.2 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 74.5 78.5 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,907 8,853 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 57.0 98.4 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 40.5 80.9 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 119 Kosovo Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.7 1.8 3,811 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 57.0 45.4 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 3,240 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) .. 4.8 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. 12.0 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. 20.0 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. 17.3 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. 68.0 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. -2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 14.1 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 54.4 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 119 Time to start a business (days) .. 58 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 30.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 16.5 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 10.2 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.1 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.1 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 9.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 7.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 25.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 76.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. 7.5 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. 27.7 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 17.3 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 3.3 28.7 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 15.8 36.2 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 4.4 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 0.9 36.1 92.9 Real interest rate (%) .. 18.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. 10.1 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 42.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 17.2 120 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development KuwaitHigh income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.2 2.8 1,117 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.5 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 0.8 2.0 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 16,790 43,930 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 1.8 8.4 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.4 0.5 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 59.2 51.0 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.6 2.3 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.5 48.5 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.5 4.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.3 0.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 56.5 66.4 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.1 25.6 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 74 Time to start a business (days) .. 35 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 78.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.2 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 15.5 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 4.7 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 0.0 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.7 18.9 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -5.1 20.0 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 76.7 91.9 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 67.0 76.6 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.5 12.1 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 19.2 9.7 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 45.4 63.3 165.1 Real interest rate (%) -9.7 2.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.0 3.3 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 80.6 85.0 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 13,378 16,747 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 21.7 106.6 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.8 39.4 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 121 Kyrgyz Republic Europe & Central Asia Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.9 5.3 846 Labor force (millions) 2.1 2.5 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.5 8.2 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 280 870 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.4 4.6 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 36.7 29.2 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.4 19.3 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.5 12.7 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 31.9 51.5 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 18.7 6.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 47.7 42.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.8 49.9 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.6 80.8 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 44 Time to start a business (days) .. 10 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 2 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 57.2 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.9 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 4.4 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 1.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.2 4.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 80.3 39.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 5.9 17.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 5.2 25.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.3 16.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5 75 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) -0.2 4.1 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 21.2 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.5 18.3 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -2.9 -1.4 -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) 114.5 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 4.4 16.2 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 5.0 11.6 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.2 15.1 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 19.5 20.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 33.5 19.2 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 91.1 .. 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,904 1,449 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 5.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 84.3 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.0 41.2 2.7 122 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Lao PDR Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 6.3 846 Labor force (millions) 2.5 3.1 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 1.4 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 280 880 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 6.1 6.9 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 52.5 34.7 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.9 28.2 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.0 9.3 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 24.6 37.1 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 25.1 0.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7,887.6 8,516.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.0 32.7 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.1 44.4 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 171 Time to start a business (days) .. 100 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 162.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 33.7 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.2 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 1.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 26.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 0.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 58.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5 125 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.0 5.4 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.3 37.1 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.7 32.3 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -1.6 -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 10.1 9.8 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 16.0 20.2 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.9 9.5 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 5.5 14.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 20.0 19.3 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 14.1 13.5 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 51.2 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 4.7 2.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 123 Latvia High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.4 2.3 1,117 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.2 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 14.2 17.1 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,220 12,390 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.7 6.2 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.6 3.1 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.6 20.2 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.7 9.6 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 71.8 76.8 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.6 3.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.6 0.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.6 42.2 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.7 43.1 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 24 Time to start a business (days) .. 16 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 38.5 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.5 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 7.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 4.6 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.0 9.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 38.2 4.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 30.8 37.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 5.2 93.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 13.0 18.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 229 122 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.3 0.4 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.2 21.3 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.5 21.3 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -2.2 -6.4 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 12.0 41.8 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 24.0 104.2 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 18.7 39.2 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.5 7.4 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 4.6 16.4 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.2 107.8 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 7.4 17.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.5 8.2 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,078 3,087 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 0.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 16.9 99.5 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.3 66.7 72.3 124 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Middle East & North Africa Lebanon Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.8 4.2 1,002 Labor force (millions) 1.2 1.5 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.5 9.0 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,690 8,060 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 1.2 4.6 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.1 5.3 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.8 16.5 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.0 8.8 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.1 78.2 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. 1.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,507.5 1,507.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.2 22.3 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.9 47.0 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 113 Time to start a business (days) .. 9 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 30.2 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.1 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 8.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 19.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 23.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 117.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 17.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 196 3 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.0 13.9 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.0 29.2 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.6 27.6 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -18.4 -8.3 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 174.9 152.7 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 182.9 226.7 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.4 7.0 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.8 6.0 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 87.9 73.9 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 20.7 3.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 2.3 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 84.9 .. 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,081 2,267 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 29.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 19.7 36.1 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 8.0 23.7 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 125 Lesotho Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.9 2.1 3,811 Labor force (millions) 0.81 0.94 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 27.3 .. 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 550 980 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.7 3.1 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.3 8.4 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.6 34.1 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.0 17.0 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.1 57.5 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.1 7.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.9 8.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.2 51.2 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 103.4 111.7 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 138 Time to start a business (days) .. 40 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 44.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.6 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 19.6 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.4 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 5.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 9.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 32.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 13.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 24.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 3 11 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 15.8 4.0 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 42.5 31.5 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 33.3 17.3 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -2.8 5.8 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) 75.4 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 28.5 13.2 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 29.3 32.9 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 7.9 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 4.0 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 16.4 13.5 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 14.4 9.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.2 8.2 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 18.3 .. 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 6.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.1 32.0 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 3.7 17.2 126 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Liberia Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.8 4.0 846 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.6 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 5.6 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 140 160 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 38.9 0.0 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 72.0 61.3 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 11.6 16.8 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.5 12.7 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 16.4 21.9 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 41.0 68.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.5 31.1 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.0 172.6 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 155 Time to start a business (days) .. 20 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 84.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 43.7 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 7.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 54.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 10.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 2.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 24 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.7 24.9 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 4.9 16.4 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 2.0 4.3 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. 0.0 -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 3.1 16.1 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 22.1 6.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 14.3 10.1 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 6.2 .. 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 5.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.1 21.3 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.5 2.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 127 Libya Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.3 6.4 1,002 Labor force (millions) 1.8 2.4 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,610 12,020 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) .. 5.4 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.2 1.9 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 66.1 78.2 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.1 4.5 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 28.7 19.9 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) -2.9 2.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.5 1.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.6 67.4 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.5 27.5 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.4 2.7 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.1 27.9 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 2.0 5.9 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 40.6 14.4 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.6 41.2 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.1 10.9 47.8 Real interest rate (%) -9.6 57.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.0 3.5 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 57.2 .. 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,227 3,909 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.7 77.9 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 5.5 34.6 128 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Liechtenstein High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.03 0.04 1,117 Labor force (millions) .. .. 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 79,640 136,630 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 7.5 2.5 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 25.1 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 165.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 30.4 97.5 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 36.5 64.0 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 129 Lithuania Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.5 3.3 1,002 Labor force (millions) 1.7 1.6 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.9 13.7 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,200 11,410 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.6 6.3 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.3 4.3 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.8 31.5 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.3 17.9 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 63.9 64.2 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.0 4.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 4.0 2.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.7 60.2 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.0 71.7 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 23 Time to start a business (days) .. 22 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 30.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.5 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 38.7 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 5.4 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 2.2 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.2 9.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 31.4 3.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 15.4 47.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 5.3 63.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.9 15.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 388 131 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 0.6 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 25.2 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.4 22.7 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -2.8 -9.0 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 33.3 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 18.5 72.8 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.0 40.1 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.2 7.9 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.3 19.3 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.2 70.9 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 11.1 10.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 3.6 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 28.6 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,517 3,557 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 15.0 148.6 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.4 58.8 34.6 130 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Luxembourg High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.44 0.50 1,117 Labor force (millions) 0.19 0.23 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.3 5.1 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 43,660 76,710 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 6.3 3.6 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.7 0.3 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.4 13.3 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.3 6.5 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 81.0 86.4 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.1 0.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 36.3 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 150.0 169.4 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 129.0 136.2 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 45 Time to start a business (days) .. 19 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 52.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 21.1 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 4.1 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 2.4 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 7.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 437.8 372.6 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.8 17.5 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 5.5 -0.7 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 4.9 12.7 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 92.5 187.3 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 313.2 341.6 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.0 6.0 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.5 1.3 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 102.2 186.0 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 5.7 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.0 .. 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 15,485 15,895 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 69.5 144.4 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 22.9 85.3 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 131 Macao SAR, China High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.44 0.54 1,117 Labor force (millions) 0.22 0.33 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.7 3.6 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,350 39,550 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) -1.1 14.7 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.0 0.0 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.7 15.7 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.1 2.8 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 90.3 84.3 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) -1.6 1.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.0 8.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 100.4 89.6 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.6 42.1 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 7.5 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.5 17.6 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.6 13.3 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 77.4 51.3 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 164.5 125.3 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 79.9 57.0 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 12.2 6.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.6 5.2 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 32.0 192.8 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 13.6 52.2 72.3 132 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Macedonia, FYR Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.0 2.0 1,002 Labor force (millions) 0.83 0.90 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 32.2 32.2 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,840 4,400 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.0 3.1 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.0 11.3 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.7 36.3 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.7 23.0 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.2 52.3 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.6 -0.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 65.9 44.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.6 44.3 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 63.5 67.3 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 38 Time to start a business (days) .. 3 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 3 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.9 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 10.6 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.3 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 8.1 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 5.6 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.3 14.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 36.8 8.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 10.0 47.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 11.2 27.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.1 21.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 429 136 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.0 2.7 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 20.8 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.5 18.2 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -0.8 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 11.4 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 23.1 8.9 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 17.8 44.3 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 9.9 7.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.7 3.0 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 63.8 56.5 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,929 3,723 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.8 95.1 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.5 51.8 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 133 Madagascar Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 15.3 19.6 846 Labor force (millions) 7.3 9.7 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.8 2.6 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 250 430 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.9 3.6 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 29.2 29.1 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 14.2 16.0 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.2 14.1 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.6 54.9 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 11.9 9.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,353.5 1,956.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.7 28.5 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.0 52.2 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 140 Time to start a business (days) .. 7 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 2 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 30.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 37.7 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.8 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.7 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.1 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 17.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 6.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 12.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 92.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 8.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 10 83 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.1 6.3 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.0 32.6 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.3 29.4 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -2.0 -1.9 -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) 111.9 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 11.1 14.5 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.0 17.3 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.1 .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 8.6 .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.8 11.5 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 18.0 33.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.5 33.5 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 11.6 .. 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 13.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.4 30.6 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 1.6 2.7 134 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Malawi Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.8 15.3 846 Labor force (millions) 5.0 6.3 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 7.8 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 150 290 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.8 4.8 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 39.5 30.5 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.9 16.1 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.9 10.0 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 42.5 53.4 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 29.6 8.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 59.5 141.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.6 30.0 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.3 37.7 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 133 Time to start a business (days) .. 39 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 84.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.6 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 25.1 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.3 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.1 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 3.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 11.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 20.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 59.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 17.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5 73 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.5 1.3 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.3 21.8 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 2.3 14.9 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 9.1 9.7 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.8 15.0 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.1 14.2 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 17.3 15.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 19.9 21.8 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 45.0 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.4 15.7 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 4.7 2.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 135 Malaysia East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 23.3 27.5 1,002 Labor force (millions) 9.7 12.0 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.0 3.7 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,450 7,350 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.7 5.1 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.6 9.5 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 48.3 44.3 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 30.9 25.5 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.1 46.2 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.5 0.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.8 3.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 119.8 96.4 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 100.6 74.9 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 21 Time to start a business (days) .. 17 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 75.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.3 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 33.7 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.7 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 41.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 2.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 7.3 7.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 48.6 48.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 10.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 31.4 54.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5,511 388 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.0 0.7 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.3 20.1 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.4 9.6 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -4.1 -6.4 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 43.0 53.3 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 135.4 138.0 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 112.9 134.7 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.5 9.0 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 15.4 3.7 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 135.0 117.1 47.8 Real interest rate (%) -1.1 12.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.3 3.0 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 76.2 82.8 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,742 3,490 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 0.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 22.0 110.6 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 21.4 57.6 34.6 136 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development South Asia Maldives Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.27 0.31 3,811 Labor force (millions) 0.09 0.15 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.0 14.4 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,150 3,970 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 8.5 6.4 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.8 5.0 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.0 17.4 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.0 6.8 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 76.2 77.5 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. 4.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 11.8 12.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 89.5 67.0 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 71.6 94.2 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 85 Time to start a business (days) .. 9 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 9.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 6.7 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 9.3 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.9 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 3.1 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 2 40 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.1 7.6 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.3 53.5 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -5.0 -26.5 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) 40.9 52.3 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 21.6 105.2 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 31.7 71.3 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.1 82.5 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 11.7 -6.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.1 6.5 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 100.0 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.8 147.9 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.2 28.4 17.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 137 Mali Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.5 13.0 846 Labor force (millions) 3.0 3.8 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.3 8.8 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 250 680 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.5 5.3 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 41.6 36.5 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.6 24.2 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.8 3.1 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 37.9 39.1 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) -0.7 2.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 472.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.8 26.2 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.4 35.6 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 153 Time to start a business (days) .. 8 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 31.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.6 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 52.2 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 12.9 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 2.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 31.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 7.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 48.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 8.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 366 429 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.4 1.2 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.6 22.4 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.9 14.0 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -3.4 -2.1 -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 15.9 19.7 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.7 19.8 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 16.6 17.4 26.3 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 12.1 19.0 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 4.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.1 28.8 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 1.9 2.7 138 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Malta High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.39 0.41 1,117 Labor force (millions) 0.16 0.17 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.5 6.9 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,110 18,360 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.9 2.0 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.3 1.8 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 50.9 33.0 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.4 13.6 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.8 65.2 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.4 2.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.4 0.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 92.1 74.2 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 102.7 73.7 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 2.7 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 9.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 15.4 11.2 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.1 14.5 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -3.8 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 81.1 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 134.2 160.6 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 125.4 145.4 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 15.2 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 2.4 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 106.8 135.5 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 3.0 2.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.4 2.6 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 88.0 87.5 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,313 4,806 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 29.3 101.7 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 13.1 58.0 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 139 Marshall Islands East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.05 0.06 3,811 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 30.9 .. 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,420 3,060 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) -3.7 2.2 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.4 .. 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.6 .. 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.7 .. 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.1 .. 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 108 Time to start a business (days) .. 17 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 64.9 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 92.9 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.9 1.6 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.6 3.6 17.2 140 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Mauritania Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.6 3.3 846 Labor force (millions) 1.0 1.4 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 20.6 33.0 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 460 990 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 2.3 4.7 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 27.6 20.6 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.7 34.7 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.0 4.1 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 42.6 44.8 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.3 2.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 238.9 262.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.2 49.7 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 74.2 67.6 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 165 Time to start a business (days) .. 19 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 31.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 8.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 68.4 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 44.2 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 5.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 48.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 3.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 7.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 5.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 43 43 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.7 -1.3 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.4 25.2 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.8 36.7 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 24.3 35.4 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 10.3 24.6 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.1 27.0 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 23.9 15.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 16.2 15.5 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 26.8 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.6 66.3 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 2.3 2.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 141 Mauritius Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.2 1.3 1,002 Labor force (millions) 0.53 0.57 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.8 7.3 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,870 7,250 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.5 3.7 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.0 4.3 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.0 29.1 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.5 19.4 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.1 66.6 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.2 2.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 26.2 32.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.4 48.4 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.9 59.1 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 20 Time to start a business (days) .. 6 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.7 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 24.1 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.8 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 6.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 7.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 9.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 0.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 37.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 18.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 11.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 338 35 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.8 3.0 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.9 26.2 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.5 19.5 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. 0.6 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 38.9 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 70.5 109.9 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 72.5 98.3 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 57.5 85.1 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 18.3 17.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.2 10.8 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 97.0 98.0 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 15.2 85.2 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.3 22.7 34.6 142 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Mayotte Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.16 0.20 1,002 Labor force (millions) .. .. 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) .. .. 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 47.8 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.7 28.0 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 143 Mexico Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 98.0 107.4 1,002 Labor force (millions) 39.5 47.2 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.6 5.2 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,110 8,960 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.4 2.2 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.2 4.3 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.0 34.8 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.3 17.2 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.8 60.9 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.5 5.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 9.5 13.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.9 27.8 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.9 29.3 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 35 Time to start a business (days) .. 9 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 52.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.8 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 50.5 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.1 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 44.1 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.6 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 20.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 9.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 2.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 8.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 20.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5,277 4,165 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.1 1.7 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.4 21.8 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.8 16.0 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -1.2 .. -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 23.2 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 34.5 40.1 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.5 25.9 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.6 9.7 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.8 3.1 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 18.3 23.3 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 4.3 2.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.7 5.1 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 32.8 35.3 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,722 2,020 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 14.4 77.8 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.2 26.5 34.6 144 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Micronesia, Fed. Sts. Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.11 0.11 3,811 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,270 2,500 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) -0.3 -0.2 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 141 Time to start a business (days) .. 16 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.3 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 58.7 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 12.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 0.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 7.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 67.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 6.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 31.7 21.6 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 14.1 6.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.7 14.1 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 17.5 .. 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 5.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 34.3 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.7 15.4 17.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 145 Moldova Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.1 3.6 3,811 Labor force (millions) 1.9 1.5 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.5 6.4 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 370 1,560 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) -2.6 5.6 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 29.0 10.0 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.7 12.9 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.3 12.5 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.2 77.0 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 31.3 -0.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 12.4 11.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.8 36.8 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 75.4 73.4 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 90 Time to start a business (days) .. 10 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 37.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.8 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 30.9 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 4.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 1.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 7.0 7.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 73.3 15.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 28.0 30.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 19.1 24.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 8.8 9.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 125 117 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.9 2.4 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.4 25.8 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.8 22.1 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -1.5 -5.7 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) 73.0 24.4 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 16.3 43.0 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.1 40.0 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 30.6 16.0 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 20.6 16.3 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.7 36.2 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 5.1 18.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.9 5.6 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 86.1 85.8 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 892 1,287 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.4 77.3 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.3 35.9 17.2 146 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Monaco High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.03 0.03 1,117 Labor force (millions) .. .. 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.6 .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 91,070 197,590 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 2.9 4.3 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 165.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 147 Mongolia East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.4 2.7 3,811 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.4 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.4 3.3 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 410 1,630 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.0 7.4 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.7 23.5 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.3 32.7 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.6 4.7 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 47.0 43.8 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 11.6 6.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,076.7 1,437.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 56.4 55.8 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 70.9 62.6 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 73 Time to start a business (days) .. 13 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 9.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 23.0 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.5 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 12.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 20.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 26.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 20.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 16.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 11 2 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.9 14.8 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.1 49.0 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 45.8 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.2 -4.5 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) 81.9 64.8 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 10.8 41.8 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 12.8 34.9 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.2 43.9 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 8.6 21.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 20.2 8.4 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 3.5 .. 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,080 1,473 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.5 84.2 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.3 13.1 17.2 148 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Montenegro Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.66 0.62 1,002 Labor force (millions) .. .. 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 30.3 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,840 6,650 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) -1.6 4.7 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.5 10.0 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.4 20.1 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.2 5.9 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.1 69.9 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.8 32.8 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.1 65.9 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 66 Time to start a business (days) .. 10 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 28.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 26.6 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.6 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.4 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 6.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 3.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 75.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 30.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 13.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 10 306 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. 32.0 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.9 26.8 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 18.3 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 11.0 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 13.5 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.1 76.5 47.8 Real interest rate (%) .. 6.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. 5.5 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. 120.5 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) .. 44.9 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 149 Morocco Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 28.8 32.0 3,811 Labor force (millions) 10.2 12.0 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.6 10.0 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,310 2,770 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.4 5.0 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.9 16.4 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.1 28.5 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.5 15.9 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.0 55.1 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.9 1.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 10.6 8.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.0 28.6 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.4 39.5 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 114 Time to start a business (days) .. 12 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 85.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.8 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 41.7 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.1 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 26.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 1.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 11.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 10.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 12.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 18.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 17.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 2,135 240 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.6 2.2 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.0 30.7 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 24.8 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -3.1 1.0 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) 56.5 46.9 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 66.4 99.9 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 59.2 87.0 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 7.6 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 17.5 5.5 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.0 64.4 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 14.0 9.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.2 8.0 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 56.4 67.8 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 489 736 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.1 79.1 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.7 32.2 17.2 150 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Mozambique Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 18.2 22.9 846 Labor force (millions) 8.9 11.0 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.2 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 230 440 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 8.1 7.9 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.0 31.5 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.5 23.6 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.2 13.6 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.5 44.9 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 12.7 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 15.2 27.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.5 25.1 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.0 43.8 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 126 Time to start a business (days) .. 13 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 134.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 34.3 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 27.7 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 3.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 9.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 10.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 12.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 18.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 45 52 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 9.0 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 31.0 21.0 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.7 7.9 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 19.3 18.9 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.3 26.4 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.2 7.7 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 17.8 1.8 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 16.7 25.1 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 6.3 12.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.3 6.2 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 18.7 20.8 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 122 461 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 26.1 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 2.7 2.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 151 Myanmar East Asia & Pacific Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 46.6 50.0 846 Labor force (millions) 25.2 27.0 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 8.1 13.0 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 57.2 48.4 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 9.7 16.2 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.2 11.6 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 33.1 35.4 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) -0.1 1.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.4 5.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 0.5 0.2 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 0.6 0.1 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 325 556 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.8 11.7 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -2.0 -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 13.1 5.3 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.9 8.1 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 10.4 4.7 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 12.5 11.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 5.0 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 11.4 11.9 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 75 97 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 0.9 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.2 2.7 152 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Namibia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.8 2.2 1,002 Labor force (millions) 0.60 0.78 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 20.3 37.6 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,030 4,270 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.5 5.3 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.8 9.4 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.0 32.7 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.8 14.7 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.2 58.0 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. 8.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.9 8.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.9 46.6 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.5 59.9 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 69 Time to start a business (days) .. 66 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 24.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.5 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 9.6 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 4.0 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 2.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 2.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 8.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 17.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 10 9 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.0 5.3 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.6 24.7 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.1 15.6 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -1.6 2.0 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 51.7 59.7 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 43.8 41.2 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.7 7.9 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.4 2.7 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 39.8 46.8 47.8 Real interest rate (%) -9.0 4.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.9 4.9 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 13.6 .. 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,226 1,797 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.5 56.1 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.6 5.9 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 153 Nepal South Asia Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 24.4 29.3 846 Labor force (millions) 10.2 13.3 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.8 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 220 440 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.6 3.7 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 40.8 33.8 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.1 15.9 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.4 7.0 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 37.0 50.2 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.5 11.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 71.1 77.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.3 15.7 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.4 37.4 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 116 Time to start a business (days) .. 31 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 90.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 38.2 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.2 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 6.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 14.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 17.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 3.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 30 14 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 0.3 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.3 21.2 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.4 17.1 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -1.0 -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) 64.6 43.7 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 34.9 63.9 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 38.8 67.5 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 30.7 59.4 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 4.8 -3.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.5 5.5 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 55.9 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 58 89 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 52.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 26.0 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 2.1 2.7 154 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Netherlands High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 15.9 16.5 1,117 Labor force (millions) 8.1 9.0 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.7 3.4 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 26,580 48,460 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.1 1.7 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.6 1.7 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.9 24.0 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.6 12.6 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.4 74.3 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.3 1.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 70.1 69.4 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.5 62.2 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 30 Time to start a business (days) .. 8 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 40.5 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.9 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 35.1 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 3.1 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 16.4 4.2 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.9 19.1 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.0 -4.8 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 52.1 58.3 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 147.5 223.6 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 92.4 134.7 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.1 4.3 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.8 0.8 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 134.2 215.3 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 0.6 2.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.9 -0.6 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 90.0 .. 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,560 7,226 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 67.5 128.1 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 44.0 90.0 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 155 Netherlands Antilles High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.18 0.20 1,117 Labor force (millions) 0.08 0.10 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 14.0 10.3 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) .. .. 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.8 1.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.8 1.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 1.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 8.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 165.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.1 5.3 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,402 5,342 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 16.5 108.6 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.1 .. 72.3 156 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development New Caledonia High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.21 0.25 1,117 Labor force (millions) 0.09 0.11 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,020 .. 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 0.2 .. 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.7 .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.6 .. 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.0 .. 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 76.7 .. 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 129.5 87.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 13.1 .. 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.0 .. 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) -1.5 .. 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 165.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 23.4 83.1 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 14.1 34.0 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 157 New Zealand High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.9 4.3 1,117 Labor force (millions) 1.9 2.4 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.2 6.1 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 13,620 28,810 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 2.5 2.5 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.8 5.6 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.1 25.0 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.7 15.1 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.1 69.4 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.0 1.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.2 1.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.1 28.2 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.5 26.5 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 3 Time to start a business (days) .. 1 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 1 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.3 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 34.3 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 30.4 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 47.9 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 17.1 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.9 -1.0 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.1 19.4 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.7 3.1 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 33.5 37.9 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 116.1 154.4 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 78.7 91.0 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 110.4 147.0 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 5.9 8.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.9 6.3 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 62.8 65.9 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 9,413 9,492 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 40.0 108.9 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 47.5 83.4 72.3 158 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Nicaragua Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.1 5.7 3,811 Labor force (millions) 1.9 2.3 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.8 5.0 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 730 1,000 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.0 3.3 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 20.9 19.0 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.2 29.6 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.0 20.0 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.9 51.4 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.1 3.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 12.7 20.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.9 35.1 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.1 61.2 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 117 Time to start a business (days) .. 39 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 22.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.2 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 63.2 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.8 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 9.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 2.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 13.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 62.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 18.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 219 53 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.8 7.1 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.5 27.3 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.8 20.2 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -3.6 -2.3 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 33.8 33.4 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 34.4 37.1 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.3 .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.2 .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 31.1 34.4 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 8.8 -2.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.3 8.0 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 11.1 12.0 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 337 457 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 12.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.8 55.8 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.0 3.5 17.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 159 Niger Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.0 15.3 846 Labor force (millions) 3.6 4.8 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.5 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 170 340 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.4 4.3 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 37.8 39.6 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.8 17.1 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.8 6.3 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 44.4 43.2 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.9 4.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 472.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17.8 15.0 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.7 24.2 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 173 Time to start a business (days) .. 17 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 35.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 46.5 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.1 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.0 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 21.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 13.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 9.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 37.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 4.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 13 87 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.5 13.7 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.2 18.5 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 4.6 12.2 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -0.9 -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 6.2 13.4 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 5.7 11.4 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.8 12.2 26.3 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 25.7 20.7 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 20.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 17.0 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.8 2.7 160 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Nigeria Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 124.8 154.7 3,811 Labor force (millions) 39.2 50.0 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 270 1,190 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 2.7 6.6 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 48.6 32.7 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.5 40.7 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.4 2.6 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 20.9 26.6 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.9 11.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 101.7 148.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.0 35.9 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.0 27.2 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 137 Time to start a business (days) .. 31 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 50.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 32.2 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.8 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 65.1 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 6.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 22.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 2.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 7.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 8.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 76 3,057 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.5 3.3 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -1.7 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 3.0 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 17.7 45.2 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.9 33.7 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.4 18.4 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 22.6 6.6 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.5 37.6 92.9 Real interest rate (%) -12.2 19.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.6 5.1 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 15.0 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 73 126 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 26.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 47.2 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 28.4 17.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 161 Northern Mariana Islands High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.07 0.09 1,117 Labor force (millions) .. .. 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.8 8.3 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) .. .. 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 165.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.3 26.2 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 72.3 162 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Norway High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.5 4.8 1,117 Labor force (millions) 2.4 2.6 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.4 3.2 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 35,870 84,640 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.6 2.1 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.1 1.2 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 42.0 40.1 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.6 9.5 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.0 58.7 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.1 2.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.8 6.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.5 42.0 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.4 27.3 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 8 Time to start a business (days) .. 7 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 13.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 0.9 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 41.6 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.4 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 13.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 4.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.1 3.0 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.4 21.6 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 15.7 10.7 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 23.5 36.3 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 69.8 90.0 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 45.9 54.3 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.0 6.0 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.2 1.5 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 65.5 77.4 165.1 Real interest rate (%) -5.8 8.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.2 2.0 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 76.0 80.5 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 24,994 24,867 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 71.8 110.5 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 26.7 91.8 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 163 Oman High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.4 2.8 1,117 Labor force (millions) 0.88 1.1 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,720 17,890 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.2 4.5 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.0 1.9 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 57.2 55.1 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.4 8.3 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.8 43.0 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) -0.8 3.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.4 0.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.2 59.3 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.4 38.0 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 57 Time to start a business (days) .. 12 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 21.6 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.7 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 3.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 1.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 31.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 14.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 10.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.4 4.8 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.9 .. 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 4.4 .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -4.4 .. -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 19.1 .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 42.1 45.7 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 28.4 41.0 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.8 13.5 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.3 3.5 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 36.8 49.0 165.1 Real interest rate (%) -8.3 -16.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.4 3.3 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.0 43.5 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,153 4,894 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.7 139.5 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.5 43.5 72.3 164 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development South Asia Pakistan Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 138.1 169.7 3,811 Labor force (millions) 41.6 58.1 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 5.0 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 490 1,000 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.0 5.2 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 25.9 21.6 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.3 24.3 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.7 17.1 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.7 54.2 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.4 13.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 53.6 81.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 13.4 12.8 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.7 20.4 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 83 Time to start a business (days) .. 21 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 90.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.8 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 31.6 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.3 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 2.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 8.7 2.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 58.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 14.6 9.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 106.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.0 9.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 77 2,732 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.4 1.5 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.9 17.4 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.3 12.7 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -4.1 -4.8 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) 79.1 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 32.0 38.4 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 27.7 31.6 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.9 10.1 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 19.5 12.2 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 22.3 23.5 92.9 Real interest rate (%) .. -4.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. 5.9 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 56.0 65.4 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 374 436 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 34.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 60.7 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.4 12.0 17.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 165 Palau East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.02 0.02 1,002 Labor force (millions) .. .. 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,260 6,220 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 1.2 1.2 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.9 3.5 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.3 20.7 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 1.4 0.5 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 80.8 75.8 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 9.6 80.8 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 106.1 100.2 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 120 Time to start a business (days) .. 28 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 73.0 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 65.9 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 47.8 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.3 64.5 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 20.0 27.3 34.6 166 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Panama Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.0 3.5 1,002 Labor force (millions) 1.3 1.6 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.8 5.9 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,740 6,570 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.0 6.9 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.2 5.8 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.1 17.1 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.1 6.4 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 73.6 77.1 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.5 2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 72.6 77.0 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.8 61.1 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 72 Time to start a business (days) .. 9 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 44.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.5 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 50.1 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.0 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 10.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 7.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 19.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 10.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 14.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 111 137 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.4 7.2 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.2 23.8 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 14.6 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -0.8 .. -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 96.8 87.5 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 76.7 86.2 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.6 11.7 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.4 1.4 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 101.9 85.7 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 11.9 4.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.4 4.8 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 34.6 38.1 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,301 1,646 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 4.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.9 164.4 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.6 27.8 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 167 Papua New Guinea East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 6.7 3,811 Labor force (millions) 2.3 3.0 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 620 1,180 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) -0.8 3.4 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 35.8 35.9 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 41.4 44.5 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.5 5.9 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 22.8 19.6 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 15.6 6.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.8 2.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 66.2 57.9 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.2 57.1 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 103 Time to start a business (days) .. 51 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 39.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 42.3 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.0 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 71 150 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 5.4 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.4 18.5 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -1.9 .. -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) 57.7 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 29.3 22.2 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 29.0 25.3 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 17.2 32.1 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 3.9 14.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.1 7.8 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 3.5 .. 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 13.4 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.8 1.9 17.2 168 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Paraguay Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 6.3 3,811 Labor force (millions) 2.3 3.0 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.6 5.6 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,350 2,250 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 0.1 3.4 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.0 19.3 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.5 21.2 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.5 13.0 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.5 59.5 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.0 2.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3,486.4 4,965.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.2 46.5 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.0 51.6 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 106 Time to start a business (days) .. 35 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 99.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.9 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 35.0 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.6 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 7.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 24.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 8.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 27.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 30 93 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.5 1.4 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.5 15.2 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 15.1 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -3.9 0.1 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 28.6 27.3 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 22.2 25.3 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.4 8.7 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 12.3 1.6 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 29.8 29.1 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 13.1 28.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.1 26.8 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 50.8 .. 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 880 1,002 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 15.3 88.5 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.7 15.8 17.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 169 Peru Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 26.0 29.2 1,002 Labor force (millions) 11.2 13.6 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.4 6.8 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,050 4,200 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 2.4 6.0 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.5 7.3 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.9 34.1 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.8 14.0 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 61.6 58.6 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.8 2.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.5 3.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.0 23.6 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.2 19.7 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 36 Time to start a business (days) .. 27 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.1 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 40.2 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.0 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 51.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 2.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 13.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 1.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 26.3 30.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 81.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 2.6 14.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 952 1,753 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.5 3.7 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.2 24.0 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.3 18.2 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -2.1 -1.5 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 23.6 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 28.5 26.5 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 25.8 29.0 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.1 9.9 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 9.0 2.7 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 26.0 24.1 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 25.4 17.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 20.2 18.2 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 13.4 13.9 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 678 1,032 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 0.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.9 84.7 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.1 27.7 34.6 170 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Philippines Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 77.7 92.0 3,811 Labor force (millions) 31.5 38.8 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.2 7.5 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 970 1,790 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.5 4.9 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.8 14.8 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.3 30.2 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.2 20.4 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.0 55.0 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.0 3.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 44.2 47.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.4 31.7 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.5 30.8 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 148 Time to start a business (days) .. 38 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 15 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 91.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.7 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 45.8 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.3 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 11.4 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.2 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 9.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 21.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 22.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 23.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 15.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 2,153 5,559 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.0 1.2 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.2 14.7 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.6 10.7 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -3.9 -3.9 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) 52.9 77.7 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 54.4 48.0 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 58.0 57.0 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.6 11.1 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 24.0 4.1 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 39.2 30.3 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 4.3 5.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.6 5.8 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 20.0 9.9 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 501 588 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.3 81.0 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.0 6.5 17.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 171 Poland High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 38.5 38.1 1,117 Labor force (millions) 17.4 17.4 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.1 8.2 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,590 12,260 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.4 4.4 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.0 3.6 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.7 30.5 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.5 16.2 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 63.3 65.9 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 10.1 3.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 4.3 3.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.1 38.9 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.5 38.8 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 70 Time to start a business (days) .. 32 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 13.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 42.3 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.7 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 14.4 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 7.8 12.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 29.4 4.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 29.2 40.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 8.2 83.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 11.4 17.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 7,807 4,638 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.5 3.2 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.7 21.0 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 21.0 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -2.8 -6.1 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 33.0 48.1 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 34.6 63.1 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 36.0 46.6 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.1 9.0 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 15.5 7.6 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 26.6 52.9 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 12.0 3.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.8 3.3 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 68.3 68.2 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,240 3,732 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 17.5 116.8 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.3 58.8 72.3 172 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Portugal High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.2 10.6 1,117 Labor force (millions) 5.2 5.6 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.9 9.5 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,070 21,910 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.3 0.8 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.7 2.3 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.0 22.8 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.5 13.0 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.3 74.8 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.8 -0.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 180.1 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.0 28.0 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.0 35.6 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 31 Time to start a business (days) .. 6 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 97.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 43.3 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.9 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 27.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 3.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 1.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 52.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 24.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 5.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 12.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.7 1.2 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.7 19.5 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -2.6 -8.7 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 58.2 84.4 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 128.0 194.9 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 89.5 117.4 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.8 6.5 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.2 3.2 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 126.6 187.8 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 1.8 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.8 .. 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 86.0 86.0 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,014 4,822 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 65.2 142.8 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 16.4 48.6 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 173 Puerto Rico High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.8 4.0 1,117 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.5 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.1 13.4 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,560 .. 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.4 .. 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.9 .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 41.3 .. 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 38.3 .. 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.8 .. 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 75.2 .. 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 98.0 .. 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 47 Time to start a business (days) .. 7 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 67.7 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.3 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 165.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 94.0 95.0 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 34.6 68.5 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 10.5 25.2 72.3 174 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Qatar High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.62 1.4 1,117 Labor force (millions) 0.35 1.00 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.9 0.5 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) .. 14.2 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.7 -4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.6 3.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67.3 46.7 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.3 31.2 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 50 Time to start a business (days) .. 12 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 69.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 11.3 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 39.3 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. 15.2 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 54.4 75.8 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.9 58.5 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 26.8 51.5 165.1 Real interest rate (%) .. 31.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. 2.8 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 90.0 .. 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 13,782 15,682 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 19.6 175.4 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.9 28.3 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 175 Romania Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 22.4 21.5 1,002 Labor force (millions) 11.8 9.5 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.0 6.9 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,690 8,330 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) -2.1 5.6 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.5 7.2 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.4 26.0 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.5 21.5 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.1 66.9 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 45.7 5.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.2 3.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.7 33.3 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.9 40.2 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 56 Time to start a business (days) .. 10 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 8.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.3 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 44.9 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 10.4 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 56.7 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 3.7 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 8.6 9.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 35.2 12.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 19.8 37.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 20.1 42.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 21.7 26.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 901 3,037 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.8 3.9 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 30.3 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 28.0 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -2.0 -4.6 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 12.4 48.5 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 19.7 32.9 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.6 7.6 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.3 15.3 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.2 47.1 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 6.7 10.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 20.7 5.3 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 49.5 30.2 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,988 2,488 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 3.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 11.1 118.1 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.6 36.2 34.6 176 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Europe & Central Asia Russian Federation Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 146.3 141.9 1,002 Labor force (millions) 72.3 75.9 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.6 8.2 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,710 9,340 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 1.2 6.0 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.4 4.7 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.9 32.8 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.1 15.0 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.6 62.5 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 20.8 11.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 28.1 31.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.1 27.7 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.0 20.4 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 123 Time to start a business (days) .. 30 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.8 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 46.5 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.0 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 261.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 2.6 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 8.2 19.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 54.2 17.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 11.1 30.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 10.2 57.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 20.3 11.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1,939 5,827 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.0 3.0 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.9 21.4 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 18.2 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 7.0 5.3 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 49.0 8.6 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 21.3 47.5 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 15.6 37.8 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.1 15.7 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.7 9.7 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.4 45.3 47.8 Real interest rate (%) -9.6 12.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.9 6.7 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 67.4 80.1 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,209 6,435 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.2 162.5 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.0 42.1 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 177 Rwanda Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.0 10.0 846 Labor force (millions) 3.7 5.0 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 250 490 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 10.1 7.6 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 37.2 34.2 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.6 14.5 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.0 6.4 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.2 51.3 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.9 10.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 389.7 568.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 8.7 11.7 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.7 29.2 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 58 Time to start a business (days) .. 3 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 2 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 31.3 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.2 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 3.0 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 5.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 4.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 15.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 18.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 10.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 8 183 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.5 2.3 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 21.8 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.1 10.6 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 11.3 12.6 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.0 14.2 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.1 13.0 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 57.0 13.1 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 10.4 11.2 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 20.6 3.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 9.8 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 19.0 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 13.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.5 24.3 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 4.5 2.7 178 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Samoa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.18 0.18 3,811 Labor force (millions) 0.06 0.06 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.0 .. 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,420 2,840 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.3 3.5 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.8 11.9 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.0 26.7 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.8 9.4 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.2 61.4 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.0 6.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.3 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.8 33.5 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.2 58.5 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 61 Time to start a business (days) .. 9 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 9.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.5 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 18.9 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.9 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 12.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 19.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 48.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 31.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 10 .. 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) -0.6 0.6 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 33.1 34.9 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 34.4 37.6 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 30.6 44.8 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 8.9 10.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 7.3 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 14.2 .. 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 5.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.4 84.4 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.6 5.0 17.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 179 San Marino High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) .. 0.03 1,117 Labor force (millions) .. .. 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.0 2.6 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 50,670 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.5 3.2 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. 2.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.1 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.3 6.2 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 16.5 62.0 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 133.1 .. 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 139.2 .. 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 6.4 4.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.6 5.0 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. 76.3 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) .. 54.1 72.3 180 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development São Tomé and Príncipe Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.14 0.16 3,811 Labor force (millions) 0.05 0.06 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 14.4 16.7 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 1,130 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) .. 6.3 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.7 16.8 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.9 20.5 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.7 6.4 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 63.5 62.7 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7,978.2 16,208.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 178 Time to start a business (days) .. 144 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 91.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 33.3 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.9 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 2 50 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.9 3.9 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.3 34.6 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 25.7 14.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 18.7 19.7 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 68.1 .. 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 39.3 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.6 16.4 17.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 181 Saudi Arabia High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 20.6 25.4 1,117 Labor force (millions) 6.3 8.6 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.6 5.4 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 8,150 17,210 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 2.3 3.8 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.9 2.9 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 53.9 50.6 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.7 10.4 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.1 46.4 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) -1.1 5.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.8 3.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.7 53.7 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.9 42.7 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 11 Time to start a business (days) .. 5 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 80.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 14.5 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 2.1 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) -1.0 2.8 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.5 24.7 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 42.0 65.6 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 16.2 31.0 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.6 11.9 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 10.4 3.3 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 24.4 52.1 165.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 29.9 21.5 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,670 7,527 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.7 176.7 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.2 38.6 72.3 182 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Senegal Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.9 12.5 3,811 Labor force (millions) 4.1 5.4 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 10.0 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 510 1,040 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.4 4.3 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.1 16.6 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.2 21.7 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.7 12.7 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.6 61.7 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.7 -1.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 472.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.9 24.0 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.2 44.0 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 152 Time to start a business (days) .. 8 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 38.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 46.0 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.8 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 1.6 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.2 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 2.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 18.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 19.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 6.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 79 520 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.3 1.6 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.4 27.9 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 17.8 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -0.9 .. -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) 73.7 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 21.4 29.1 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 18.4 28.6 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.9 9.3 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 18.1 18.7 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 18.7 24.7 92.9 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 29.3 29.3 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 101 158 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 11.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.5 55.1 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.4 7.4 17.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 183 Serbia Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.5 7.3 1,002 Labor force (millions) .. .. 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 16.6 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,400 6,000 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 1.5 5.0 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 21.4 12.9 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.6 27.7 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.0 59.4 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 71.1 7.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 63.2 67.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.9 27.5 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.5 43.9 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 89 Time to start a business (days) .. 13 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 25.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.7 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 34.0 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.6 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 9.7 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 1.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 10.3 12.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 44.8 3.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 10.6 42.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 8.7 109.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 9.6 21.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 345 190 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 4.5 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.7 23.8 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.9 20.7 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -2.6 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 62.4 51.4 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.1 40.4 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 18.3 21.0 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 21.6 15.5 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 49.1 42.2 47.8 Real interest rate (%) -40.1 1.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) -72.4 0.0 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 62.7 47.7 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,199 4,284 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. 135.4 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) .. 56.1 34.6 184 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Seychelles Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.09 1,002 Labor force (millions) .. .. 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.8 5.5 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,420 8,480 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 6.6 1.7 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.0 2.0 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.0 19.7 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.2 11.8 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.0 78.3 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.3 31.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.7 13.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 78.2 119.3 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 81.4 127.6 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 95 Time to start a business (days) .. 39 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 39.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 44.1 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.8 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 7 15 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.0 32.5 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.2 24.2 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.8 20.9 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -13.9 4.3 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 96.5 103.1 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 83.8 105.9 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 22.3 25.1 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 9.4 -10.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 5.6 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 84.5 96.5 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 32.0 104.9 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.4 38.6 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 185 Sierra Leone Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.2 5.7 846 Labor force (millions) 1.7 2.1 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 3.4 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 150 340 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) -5.0 9.5 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 58.4 51.4 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.4 22.1 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.5 3.7 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 13.3 26.6 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. 9.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,092.1 3,385.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.1 15.7 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.3 28.5 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 143 Time to start a business (days) .. 12 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 189.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.6 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 235.6 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 7.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 8.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 6.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 14.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 13.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 3 23 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.1 3.8 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 6.9 15.1 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 1.7 7.4 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -9.3 -3.1 -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) 247.4 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 7.5 12.5 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 9.1 14.6 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 18.5 18.9 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 37.9 16.5 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.1 9.3 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 19.0 12.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 14.8 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 7.9 .. 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 15.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 20.4 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 0.3 2.7 186 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Singapore High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.0 5.0 1,117 Labor force (millions) 2.1 2.7 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.0 5.9 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 23,350 37,220 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.7 6.5 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.6 26.3 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 27.7 19.4 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.3 74.0 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.4 0.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 191.4 220.5 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 176.4 202.6 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 1 Time to start a business (days) .. 3 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 3 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 4.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 0.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 25.4 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 7.4 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 26.4 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 7.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 17.8 9.2 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.6 26.8 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.5 17.0 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 11.4 1.7 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 86.9 113.3 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 120.6 133.9 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 108.4 135.8 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.0 10.5 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.4 2.3 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 99.5 103.2 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 2.0 7.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.1 5.1 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,575 8,185 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 68.2 133.4 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 32.3 73.3 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 187 Slovak Republic High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 5.4 1,117 Labor force (millions) 2.6 2.7 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 18.8 12.1 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,370 16,130 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.7 5.8 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.5 2.6 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.2 34.5 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 24.7 19.3 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.3 62.9 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 12.0 1.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 46.0 21.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 70.5 99.5 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 73.0 103.7 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 41 Time to start a business (days) .. 16 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 48.7 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 7.0 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 15.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 4.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.1 6.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 41.2 3.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 9.6 33.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.2 25.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 20.0 28.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.2 0.0 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 26.1 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.8 22.2 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -7.3 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 38.1 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 84.9 53.8 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 56.9 48.8 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.6 9.6 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 13.7 5.3 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.1 44.7 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 5.0 2.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.4 4.3 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 87.0 87.0 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,956 5,268 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 23.1 101.5 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 9.4 75.0 72.3 188 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Slovenia High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.0 2.0 1,117 Labor force (millions) 0.96 1.0 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 5.9 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,090 23,520 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.4 3.8 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.3 2.4 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.8 33.9 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 25.8 22.1 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.9 63.8 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.9 0.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 222.7 191.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.9 58.9 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.4 57.4 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 42 Time to start a business (days) .. 6 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 2 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 37.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 35.4 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.8 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 5.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 4.2 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.4 7.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 14.7 0.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 12.7 52.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 6.4 60.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 32.0 28.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.7 -1.2 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.1 24.0 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 57.3 59.1 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -1.1 -5.5 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 22.2 .. 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 46.7 93.6 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.9 55.8 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.1 8.3 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 6.5 2.3 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 35.9 94.0 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 9.9 4.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.7 4.5 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,778 6,920 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 61.1 102.8 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 15.1 63.6 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 189 Solomon Islands East Asia & Pacific Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.42 0.52 846 Labor force (millions) 0.09 0.12 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 31.9 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,000 910 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) -1.9 4.5 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 34.7 38.9 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 12.7 6.1 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.0 3.8 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.6 55.0 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.9 7.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.1 8.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.1 33.5 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.6 46.9 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 96 Time to start a business (days) .. 57 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 44.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 36.4 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.8 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 5 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.0 17.9 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 6.1 13.4 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 23.3 .. 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 24.0 .. 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 16.0 28.3 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 3.5 6.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.6 11.1 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 2.4 .. 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 5.7 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 1.9 2.7 190 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Somalia Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.4 9.1 846 Labor force (millions) 2.9 3.5 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) .. .. 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. .. 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1 1 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 26.3 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 11.8 .. 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.1 7.0 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 1.2 2.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 191 South Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 44.0 49.3 1,002 Labor force (millions) 15.3 18.8 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 26.7 23.8 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,050 5,760 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 2.5 4.1 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.3 3.0 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.8 31.1 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.0 15.1 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.9 65.8 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.3 7.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.9 8.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.9 27.3 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.9 28.1 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 34 Time to start a business (days) .. 22 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 24.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 30.5 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.4 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 24.7 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 6.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 3.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 34.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 15.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 26.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1,891 2,387 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.7 1.9 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 22.6 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.4 13.4 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -2.0 -4.9 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 45.3 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 74.9 92.4 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 51.5 63.2 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.7 6.7 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.1 5.9 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 133.7 147.1 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 5.2 4.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.3 3.2 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 20.3 .. 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,417 4,759 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 19.0 94.2 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.5 9.0 34.6 192 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Spain High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 40.3 46.0 1,117 Labor force (millions) 18.0 22.9 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.9 18.0 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 15,420 32,120 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.2 2.8 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.4 2.7 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.2 26.2 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.6 12.7 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.4 71.2 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.4 -0.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 149.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.0 23.4 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.2 25.6 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 49 Time to start a business (days) .. 47 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 56.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 56.5 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.9 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 79.8 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 2.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 0.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 14.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 32.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 21.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.7 0.4 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 24.1 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -0.5 -8.6 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 58.9 46.5 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 116.5 226.9 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 78.8 156.5 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.5 6.8 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.2 5.1 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 97.7 211.5 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 1.7 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.2 .. 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 99.0 99.0 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,207 6,315 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 60.3 111.0 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 13.6 61.2 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 193 Sri Lanka South Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 18.7 20.3 3,811 Labor force (millions) 7.8 8.3 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.7 7.6 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 880 1,990 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.1 5.5 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.9 12.6 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.3 29.7 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.8 18.1 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.8 57.7 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.2 3.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 77.0 114.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.0 21.4 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.6 27.9 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 102 Time to start a business (days) .. 35 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 217.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.7 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 64.7 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 27.4 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 4.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 3.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 2.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 26.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 83.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 160 421 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.1 1.0 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.0 23.8 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 24.8 17.4 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -8.4 -6.6 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) 96.9 85.0 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 34.3 36.2 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 33.5 33.7 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.4 .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 15.3 .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.8 24.8 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 8.3 9.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.0 5.1 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 85.8 81.0 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 296 409 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.3 69.4 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.6 8.7 17.2 194 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean St. Kitts and Nevis Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.04 0.05 1,002 Labor force (millions) .. .. 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.1 .. 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,470 10,150 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.3 3.2 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.7 2.8 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.8 22.4 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.4 8.4 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.5 74.8 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.1 -0.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.0 35.2 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 76.3 68.7 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 87 Time to start a business (days) .. 19 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 13.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 52.7 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 32.7 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 4 1 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 29.5 24.5 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 50.1 39.6 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 39.7 41.9 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -3.4 -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 96.1 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 125.9 152.4 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 119.6 145.8 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 77.3 83.6 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 6.8 4.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.8 4.2 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 42.5 .. 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.7 167.4 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.1 34.3 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 195 St. Lucia Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.16 0.17 1,002 Labor force (millions) 0.06 0.08 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.5 21.0 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,130 5,190 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.0 2.7 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.1 4.9 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.0 18.2 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.1 6.4 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 74.0 76.9 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.7 1.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.3 49.0 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 63.0 69.3 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 53 Time to start a business (days) .. 14 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 56.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 34.0 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.4 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 15 11 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.6 16.5 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.7 23.7 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.5 18.3 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 87.9 143.7 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 73.5 107.0 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 77.6 138.6 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 10.7 10.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 7.3 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.6 102.3 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.1 83.0 34.6 196 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development St. Vincent & Grenadines Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.11 0.11 1,002 Labor force (millions) 0.05 0.05 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,920 5,130 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 5.7 4.5 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.8 7.5 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.0 24.5 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.0 4.1 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.2 68.0 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.4 -1.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.9 33.8 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.1 71.7 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 75 Time to start a business (days) .. 10 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 54.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 38.7 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 30.2 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 35 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 11.1 18.9 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.0 34.8 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.0 .. 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 79.7 73.5 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 87.2 71.9 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 64.7 59.5 47.8 Real interest rate (%) 11.1 6.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 6.2 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 68.0 70.0 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.2 110.9 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.2 69.6 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 197 Sudan Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 34.9 42.3 3,811 Labor force (millions) 10.5 13.5 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 320 1,220 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 6.2 7.3 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 41.7 29.7 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.5 26.0 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.6 6.8 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 36.8 44.3 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.0 11.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.6 2.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.3 15.1 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17.7 20.8 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 154 Time to start a business (days) .. 36 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 118.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 36.1 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.8 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 12 357 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.2 4.9 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.1 21.8 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.7 16.3 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -0.4 .. -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) 8.7 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 2.4 14.2 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 5.7 13.4 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.2 12.3 92.9 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 36.3 .. 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 62 96 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.1 36.3 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 9.9 17.2 198 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean Suriname Upper middle income Upper middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.47 0.52 1,002 Labor force (millions) 0.16 0.19 458 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.8 9.5 9.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,930 4,760 7,502 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 1.7 5.4 4.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.2 4.7 6.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.2 40.2 31.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.0 20.7 16.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 63.7 55.1 62.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 59.4 -0.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.3 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.7 30.7 25.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.2 45.6 24.2 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 161 Time to start a business (days) .. 694 43 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 13 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 40.1 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 5.0 2.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 27.9 43.0 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 27.9 18.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.1 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.4 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. 60 64,899 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) -16.6 -7.7 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.4 25.1 20.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.8 19.8 15.6 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -0.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 12.6 29.6 60.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 21.7 47.7 47.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 9.7 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.4 27.8 47.8 Real interest rate (%) -16.7 -5.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.5 5.3 5.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 26.0 26.3 36.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 3,001 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.8 147.0 100.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.5 31.4 34.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 199 Swaziland Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.1 1.2 3,811 Labor force (millions) 0.37 0.46 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 22.5 .. 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,550 2,470 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.3 2.6 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.5 7.3 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.0 49.4 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 39.5 44.4 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 42.6 43.3 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 12.2 7.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.9 8.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 76.1 59.8 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 90.1 76.5 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 118 Time to start a business (days) .. 56 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 12 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 53.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 36.8 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 28.1 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 4.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 3.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 7.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 16.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 22.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 5 25 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.1 2.2 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.4 16.9 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.5 3.0 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -0.8 -2.9 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) 26.8 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 13.0 23.8 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.7 27.6 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 16.9 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 8.1 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.8 25.0 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 13.8 5.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.5 6.0 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.0 .. 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 2.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.1 55.4 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.9 7.6 17.2 200 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sweden High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.9 9.3 1,117 Labor force (millions) 4.5 5.0 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.8 8.3 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 29,500 48,840 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 3.6 2.4 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.1 1.7 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.8 25.1 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.0 16.1 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.1 73.1 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.0 -0.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 9.2 7.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.5 48.5 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.2 41.6 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 14 Time to start a business (days) .. 15 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 3 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 26.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 54.6 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.4 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 24.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 4.1 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.9 2.8 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.0 17.9 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 68.2 44.0 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 49.2 147.9 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.6 58.3 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.5 5.0 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.6 2.0 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 42.3 139.3 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 4.3 2.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.7 2.5 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 23.6 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 15,687 14,869 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 71.8 122.8 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 45.6 90.3 72.3 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 201 Switzerland High income High- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.2 7.7 1,117 Labor force (millions) 4.0 4.4 547 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.7 4.1 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 40,280 65,430 37,990 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 2.1 1.9 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.6 1.2 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.3 26.8 25.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.0 19.0 15.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 71.1 72.0 73.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.5 -0.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.5 51.7 23.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.7 40.7 23.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 27 Time to start a business (days) .. 20 18 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 13.0 37.9 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 30.1 38.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.9 14.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 25.3 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 4.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.9 5.6 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.7 20.2 18.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.2 1.3 -7.7 Government debt (% of GDP) 25.6 28.9 55.7 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 172.5 188.8 140.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 116.6 145.7 108.5 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.0 5.5 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 4.1 0.4 3.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 158.5 174.8 165.1 Real interest rate (%) 3.1 2.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.3 2.7 3.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 100.0 93.4 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,847 8,307 9,518 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 64.6 119.7 111.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 47.9 70.9 72.3 202 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Syrian Arab Republic Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 16.5 21.1 3,811 Labor force (millions) 4.9 6.9 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.3 8.4 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 960 2,410 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 2.2 4.4 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 23.8 21.0 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.9 33.7 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.5 13.4 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 38.3 45.3 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) -3.8 2.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 11.2 11.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.4 33.9 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.6 35.7 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 144 Time to start a business (days) .. 13 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 80.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 4.1 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 42.9 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.2 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 12.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 61.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 20.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 118.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 161 153 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.4 2.7 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.3 19.5 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 6.3 10.4 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 36.9 42.8 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 38.3 51.4 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.3 20.3 92.9 Real interest rate (%) -0.6 19.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.0 3.7 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 91.0 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,058 1,521 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 16.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.2 46.0 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 18.7 17.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 203 Tajikistan Europe & Central Asia Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.2 7.0 846 Labor force (millions) 2.0 2.9 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 170 700 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 1.1 8.2 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 27.4 22.4 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.9 23.7 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 33.7 10.8 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 33.7 53.9 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 38.6 6.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.1 4.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 98.8 13.4 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 100.9 56.3 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 139 Time to start a business (days) .. 27 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 30.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 1.7 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 86.0 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.7 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 2.2 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.5 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.1 11.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) 87.2 33.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 3.9 21.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 11.9 28.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 8.6 16.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 9 46 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 0.3 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 7.4 17.2 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 0.7 4.0 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) -0.8 -6.6 -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) 114.1 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 13.6 0.8 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 3.2 9.2 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.8 29.0 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 2.4 8.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 24.3 17.1 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,177 2,072 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 6.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 70.5 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 10.1 2.7 204 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sub-Saharan Africa Tanzania Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 34.1 43.7 846 Labor force (millions) 16.8 21.4 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.1 4.3 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 300 500 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.2 7.1 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 33.5 28.8 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.2 24.3 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.4 9.5 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 47.3 46.9 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.9 12.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 800.4 1,320.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 13.4 23.2 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.1 35.2 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 128 Time to start a business (days) .. 29 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 12 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 18.0 71.0 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 3.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 45.2 76.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 19.9 24.8 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 4.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 14.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 6.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 44.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 14.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 61 522 4,779 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.5 1.9 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.4 29.3 22.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.4 20.5 15.8 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -1.4 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 31.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 30.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.1 15.3 26.3 Real interest rate (%) 13.0 7.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 14.2 7.1 11.5 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 7.4 12.0 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 58 84 231 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 12.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 39.9 26.6 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 1.5 2.7 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 205 Thailand East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 62.3 67.8 3,811 Labor force (millions) 34.3 38.7 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.4 1.2 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,960 3,760 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) -0.7 4.6 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.0 11.6 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 42.0 43.3 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 33.6 34.1 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.0 45.1 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.6 -0.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 40.1 34.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 66.8 68.4 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 58.1 57.8 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 19 Time to start a business (days) .. 32 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 54.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. 2.7 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 37.4 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 28.9 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 27.5 New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. 0.6 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 0.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 74.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 27.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 39.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 1,377 539 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 1.9 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 24.4 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.8 17.9 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. -3.0 -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. 28.6 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 124.1 109.3 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 106.6 100.1 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.5 9.8 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 17.7 5.3 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 108.3 116.3 92.9 Real interest rate (%) 6.4 3.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.5 4.9 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 98.5 .. 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,462 2,079 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 1.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.9 122.6 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.7 25.8 17.2 206 2011 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific Timor-LesteLower middle income Lower middle- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.82 1.1 3,811 Labor force (millions) 0.28 0.44 1,787 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 330 2,460 2,321 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) .. 2.4 8.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 25.8 .. 13.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.5 .. 38.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.8 .. 25.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.7 .. 47.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. 0.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.3 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 174 Time to start a business (days) .. 83 35 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 17.0 57.7 Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) .. 0.2 40.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.3 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) .. .. Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 4.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) .. 2.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 1.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 2.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) .. .. 41,477 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.0 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.8 .. 34.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 7.7 .. 19.9 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. -2.3 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 107.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 54.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.0 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 5.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.2 18.6 92.9 Real interest rate (%) .. 1.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. 10.3 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 36.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 1,318 Power outages in a typical month (number) .. 7.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 57.8 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 17.2 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2011 207 Togo Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- Country data income group 2000 2009 2009 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.2 6.6 846 Labor force (millions) 2.2 3.0 384 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 280 440 509 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–09 (average annual %) 4.2 2.5 5.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 34.2 43.7 26.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.8 24.0 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.4 10.1 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 47.9 32.4 49.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.9 2.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 712.0 472.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.7 41.9 23.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.7 62.5 35.9 Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) .. 160 Time to start a business (days) .. 75 41 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 36.0