20273 The Glossa ire World de la Bank Banque Glossary mondiale Volume 1 Volume I English-French Anglais-fran'ais French-English Franoais-anglais 0 ~FILE COPY The Glossaire World de la Bank Banque Glossary mondiale Volume 1 Volume 1 English-French Anglais-franqais French-English Francais-anglais The World Bank Washington, D.C., U.SA. Copyright O 1986 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Barnk Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le d6veloppement/Banque mondiale 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, USA. All rights reserved Tous droits reserv6s First printing October 1986 Premike edition: octobre 1986 Second printing February 1987 Deuxi&me 6dition: f6vrier 1987 Third printing March 1991 Troisieme edition: mars 1991 Manufactured in the United States of America Publie aux Etats-Unis d'Am&rique Libary of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data The World Bank glossary = Glossaire de la Banque mondiale. Vol. 2 has parallel title Glosario del Banco Mundial. Contents: v. 1. English-French, French-English- v. 2. Erglish-Spanish, Spanish-English. 1. World Bank-Language-Glossaries, etc. 2. Economic development-Dictionaries-Polyglot 3. Economic assistance-Dictionaries-PolygloS 4. Tecdmical assistance-Dictionaries-Polyglot 5. English language-Dictionaries-Polyglot I. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. II. Title Glossaire de la Banque mondiale. III. Title: Glosaio del Banco Mundial. HG38815.W57W67 1986 332'.042'03 86-15872 ISBN 0-8213-1733-4 (vol.1) ISBN 0-8213-1734-2 (vol. 2) Table of contents / Table de matieres Foreword ................................ iv Atunt-propos ................................ v English-French GlossarylGo isare anglafansais ............................... 1 French-English Gobssary/GIossairefranaingais ............................... 273 Organizations/Organisations ................................ 425 Acronyms (English)/Sigls (anglais) ...................................... 437 Acronyms (French)/Siges (frangais) ............... ................. 449 World Bank Glossary Foreword This edition of the World Bank Glossary has been revised and expanded by the Terminology Unit of the Bank's Language Services Division, in close collaboration with the English and French Trans- lation Sections. The Glossary is intended to assist the Bank's translators and interpreters, other Bank staff using French in theirwork, and free-lancetranslators and interpreters employedby the Bank Forthis reason, the Glossary contains not only financial and economic terminology and terms relating to the Bank's procedures and practices, but also terms that frequently occur in Bank documents, and others for which the Bank has a preferred equivalent Although many of the terms, relating to such fields as agriculture, education, energy, housing, law, technology and transportation, could be found in other sources, they have been assembled here for ease of reference. A list of acronyms occurring frequently in Bank texts (the terms to which they refer being found in the Glossary) and a list of international, regional and national organizations will be found at the end of the Glossary. A trilingual version of the Bank's organizational listing is available separately. Comments and suggestions from users will be most welcome and should be addressed to: Terminology Unit Language Services Division World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 Glossaire de la Banque mondiale Avant-propos Cette Mdition du Glossaire de la Banque mondiale a ete revue et augment6e par le Service de terminologie de la Division des services linguistiques de la Banque en etroite collaboration avec les sections anglaise et frangaise de traduction. Le Glossaire vise avant tout &faciliterla tache des traducteurs etinterpretes employes parla Banque et des autres fonctionnaires qui utilisent le francais dans leur travaiL JI contient donc, a cote de termes financiers et economiques et d'une nomenclature des procedures et pratiques de la Banque, des mots ou expressions qui apparaissent frequemment dans les textes de l'institution ou pour lesquels elle prefere tel ou tel equivalent. Beaucoup d'entre eux, qu'on pourrait trouver dans des ouvrages sur l'agriculture, le droit, l'ducation, l'1nergie, l'habitat, la technologie, les transports, etc., ont et regroupes ici pour plus de commodite. Une liste des sigles qui reviennent le plus souvent dans les documents de la Banque ainsi qu'une liste d'organisations internationales, r6gionales et nationales figurent ala fin du glossaire. II existe par ailleurs une version trilingue de l'orgarnigramme de la Banque. Toutes les remarques et suggestions seront les bienvenues. Priere de les envoyer a l'adresse suivante: Terminolgy Unit Language Services Division World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 U.S.A. : 0 X S : English-French Glossary Glossaire anglais-franfais I -3- -A- "A" loan pr6t "A" ability to pay; capacity to pay moyens financiers (des b6n6ficlalres); capacite contributive [Imp6ts] above quota hors contingent above the line (item) courantes; ordinaires (recettes et depenses) absolute poor victimes de la pauvrete absolue absorption accounting; full cost m6thode du prix de revient complet accounting absorptive capacity capacite d'absorptlon abstract condense academic [noun] universitaire academic research recherche fondamentale accelerate (to) a loan demander le remboursement antIcipe accelerated depreciation amortissement accelere accelerated recall [MOV] rappel accelerb acceleration (of a loan) exigibilite anticipbe acceleration of maturity exigibilite anticip6e; demande de remboursement anticipe acceptance see bank acceptance acceptance, accepting house [UK] maison d'acceptation acceptance rate (by beneficiaries of a taux d'acceptatlon; taux d'adoption project) access, entrance, leading, channel, chenal d'acc6s fairway accesslon adh6slon; entree [g6n6tique agricole3 accommodating pollcy poiltique d'accompagnement -4 - accommodation type mode d'hebergement accountability responsabilite; responsabilisation; justification de l'emploi des fonds [budget] accounting accounting see also accrual (basis) accounting; business accounting; cost accounting; current cost (value) accounting; double entry accounting; full cost accounting; general price level accounting; inflation accounting; job order accounting; management accounting; managerial accounting; single-entry accounting; social accounting matrix; standard cost accounting; stock accounting; time-adjusted accounting entries; entries ecritures (comptables) accounting period periode comptable accounting practices pratique comptable; usages comptables accounting price prix comptable accounting procedure methode comptable; regles comptables accounting rate of interest - ARI taux d'int&r4t comptable - TIC accounting rate of return taux de rentabilite comptable accounting ratio ratio prix comptable-prix du march6 accounting unit unite comptable accounts payable comptes fournisseurs; comptes d6biteurs; sommes dues accounts receivable comptes clients; comptes cr6diteurs; effets a recevoir accrual see also nonaccrual status; overaccruals accrual (basis) accounting comptabilite d'exercice; parfois: comptabilite patrimoniale; comptabilite sur la base des faits generateurs [comptes nationaux - ONUJ accruals charges a payer; entrees (de fonds); apports (de fonds); accumulation; accroissements -5- accrued accrued depreciation; accumulated amortissement cumule depreciation accrued income recettes echues accrued interest interets courus; int6rets 6chus accrued liabilities effets a payer accrued loan commissions commissions courues sur prets accumulated depreciation; accrued amortissement cumule depreciation accumulated profit [accounting] report a nouveau beneficWire achievement see also educational achievements achievement tests [education] tests de connaissances, pedagogiques acid-test ratio; liquid ratio; ratio de tr6sorerie reduite quick ratio ACP countries [Lom6 Convention] pays ACP (Afrique, Caraibes, Paciflque) acquired Immune deficiency syndrome; syndrome immunod6flcitaire acquis; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome syndrome de l'lmmunodeficlence (AIDS) acquise (SIDA, Sida) activated sludge boues activ6es actual(s) [noun] effectff [produits de base]; chiffres effectifs, constates, r6els; r6alisations; r6sultats [comptabilite] adaptive research recherche d'adaptation, adaptative additional facility [ICSID] m6canisme suppl6mentaire additionality additionnalit6; caractere complementaire; accroissement net ad hoc ad hoc; ponctuel Ad Hoc Committee on the Valuation of Comit6 special charge de d6terminer Bank Capital la valeur du capital de la Banque 6 - adjective law; procedural law lol de proc6dure; rAgles de proc6dure adjustment Indexatlon (sur); adaptation (A) adjustment aid aide A la restructuratlon, A I'ajustement admeasurement contract marchb sur devis estimatif; marche au mAtrA administered price prix administrb; prix impose par le vendeur Administrative Council [ICSID] Conseil administratif administrative machinery rouages admlnistratifs; appareil administratif Administrative Manual Statement directive du Manuel administratif ad valorem (customs) duty droit (de douane) ad valorem advance advance account compte d'avances advance deposit d6p6t pr6alable (A l'importation); acompte advance deposit requirements obligation de constituer un dep6t (on Imports) prealable (A I'importation) advance repayment remboursement anticipe advanced advanced export payments palements anticip6s au titre des exportations advanced farmer agriculteur novateur advanced studies hautes etudes; cours de perfectionnement advanced training formation sp6cialis6e advocate [ICSID] avocat aeromagnetic survey lev6 a6romagn6tique -7- affiliate Instftution affilhle; fillale affiliate bank banque assocl6e affordability accessiblit6; solvablt6 des b6n6ficlaires; capacitM financiere affordability ratio; housing taux d'effort expenses/income ratio afforestatlon bolsement [U.S.]; afforestation [quand il s'agit d'une premiere plantation] [U.K.] Africa Project Development Facility Service de promotion et de d6veloppement - APDF des Investissements en Afrique - APDF Africa's Priority Programme for Programme prioritaire de redressement Economic Recovery, 1986-1990 - APPER economique de l'Afrique, 1986-1990 African African cane see millet African Caucus (of the World Bank) Groupe africain African Facility see Special Facility for Sub-Saharan Africa African Enterprise Fund [IFC] Fonds des entreprises africaines African Management Services Societe de services de gestion pour Company - AMSC l'Afrique - AMSC African millet see millet African Strategy Review Group Groupe d'etude sur une strategle pour l'Afrique agency line [IFC] d6l6gation de credits agency securities, obligations [U.S.] obligations emises par des organismes f6d6raux agent see also billing agent; buying agent; extension agent; field agent; fiscal agent; procurement agent agent [bank syndicate] mandataire agent [ICSID] agent -8- agent bank correspondant; mandataire; agent aggregate agr6gat aggregate demand demande globale aggregate model modele global aggregates see monetary aggregates aggregative planning planification globale aging schedule [accounts receivable] classement des impayes par anciennet6 agreement to reimburse see irrevocable agreement to reimburse; qualified agreement to reimburse agribusiness; agroindustries; agroindustries agro-based Industry agricultural agricultural credit intermediary caisse de cr6dit agricole agricultural extension vulgarisation agricole agricultural extension officer conseiller agricole - CA - AEO agricultural price deflator - APD deflateur des prix agricoles agricultural production and export caisse de financement de la production (apex) bank et des exportations agricoles _ggricultural production and export cooperative agricole de production (apex) cooperative et d'exportation agricultural sector adjustment loan pret a l'ajustement du secteur agricole - ASAL [Worid Bank] - PASA agriculturist ingenieur agricole agro-based industry; agribusiness; agroindustries agroindustrles agro-economist agro6conomiste agroforestry agroforesterie -9- agroindustries; agribusiness; agroindustrles agro-based Industry agroprocessing agroindustrie agroprocessing industries secteur agroalimentaire agrosupport industry industrie d'appui A I'agriculture air dried ton tonne a l'6tat sec a l'air airmag survey; aeromagnetic survey leve aeromagn6tique alignment see horizontal alignment; vertical alignment alley cropping; strip cropping culture en bandes, an all6es, en couloirs allocated costs coots imputes allocation allocation of loan proceeds affectation des fonds du pret allocation of net income affectation du revenu net allocation, appropriation of affectation des benefices profits allocation of resources affectation des ressources; repartition des ressources allocative efficiency efficacite de la repartition (des ressources) allotment (budget] affectation des credits allowance for contingencies; reserve provision pour imprevus for contingencies; contingency allowance allowance for depreciation; reserve provision pour amortissement for depreciation alternate [Executive Director, suppleant Governor] alternative (projects] variante; solution de rechange; option alternative bid [procurement) variante - 10- alternative energy bnergle(s) de substitution; parfols: nergies nouvelles amendment, amending agreement avenant amendments to the Articles modifications apport6es aux Statuts of Agreement amortization (of loan) remboursement; amortissement amortization schedule calendrier d'amortissement analyst see securities analyst anchor station; anchorage point; poste de mouillage anchorage berth; anchorage animal husbandry 6levage; methodes, techniques d'elevage; modes d'elevage; zootechnie animal unit - AU unite gros bWtail - UGB annotated agenda ordre du jour annote annualization calcul sur une base annuelle; annualisation Annual Meeting [ICSID] session annuelle Annual Meetings (of the Boards of Assemblee annuelle (des Conseils des Governors) of the World Bank and Gouverneurs) de la Banque mondiale et the International Monetary Fund du Fonds monetaire international annuity [debt service] paiement periodique; parfois: annuite annuity bond titre de rente annuity-type repayment terms amortissement par annuites anthracite; hard coal charbon maigre antidumping duty droit antidumping apex bank, cooperative see agricultural production and export bank, cooperative apex institution institution fa1tibre apex loan prdt pyramidal, en cascade application application; applications program programme utilisateur; programme [data processing] d'application application see also fertilizer application application fee [MIGA] commission d'introduction d'une demande application for membership demande d'admissbon application for withdrawal demande de retrait (du compte (from loan account or credit de prdt ou de credit) account) application of funds emplol de(s) fonds; emplois [plan de financementi applications program see application applied research recherche appliqu6e appraisal (technical and economic) evaluation (technique et economique) appraisal mission mission d'6valuation appreciation (In value) appreciation; valorisation; plus-value; augmentation de la valeur appropriate technology - AT technologie appropri6e appropriation (budget) see budget appropriation appropriation law [US] loi de finances appropriation of profits; allocation affectation des b6n6fices of profits aqua privy fosse a niveau constant aquifer nappe aquifere; nappe phreatique Arabian crude see light Arabian crude arbitrage see tax arbitrage Arbitral Tribunal [ICSIDJ tribunal arbitral arbitration clause clause compromissoire - 12 - Arbitration Rules [ICSID] Reglement d'arbitrage arbitrator [ICSID] arbitre architectural plan plan d'architecture area zone; reglon; quartber; domaine; discipline; sujet area development developpement sous-r6glonal arm's length arm's length contract contrat oh armes egales arm's length negotiation negociation dans des conditions de pleine concurrence, d'6gal a 6gal arm's length price prix (normal) du marche; prix de pleine concurrence arm's length principle principe de l'entreprise independante arrearage; arrears arri6r6s arrears see protracted arrears Articles of Agreement [IBRD, IDA, IFC, Statuts IMF] articles of incorporation acte constitutif ash farming; burn-beating; burning bcobuage; brOlis assessed income revenu imposable assessment of tax see tax assessment asset and liability management gestion de la tr6sorerie [see also liability management] assets actif; avoirs [see also capital assets; contingent asset; current assets; domestic asset formation; domestic assets; earning assets; fixed assets; foreign assets; intangible assets; liquid assets; nonperforming assets; performing assets; physical assets; real assets; return on assets; risk asset ratio; saleable assets; self-liquidating assets; sight assets; sundry assets; tangible assets; temporary assets; wasting assets] asset stripping depouillement des actifs; demembrement des actifs; parfois: 6lagage d'actif - 13 - assignee cesslonnalre; mandataire assignment affectation (personnel]; cession; transfert [titres] assignment agreement accord de cession de creance assignor cbdant associated cost coOt annexe associated crops, cropping cultures associles associated gas gaz associ6 attachment [commercial law] saisie; retenue a la source Attitude Survey Enquete sur l'attitude du personnel attrition; natural wastage attriton; diminution naturelle des effectifs attrition rate taux d'attrition; taux d'usure [stocks] audit audit [accounting] verification des comptes; audit audit; management audit contr6le de gesti3n (managementl audit [projects] 6valuation r6trospective audit see also energy audit; external audit; financial audit; Internal audit; Joint Audit Committee; pass-through audit; project audit; project performance audit report; tax audit audit misslon mission d'evaluation retrospective audit report see project performance audit report audited statement of accounts etat financier v6rffie (des comptes) auditor commissaire aux comptes; verificateur des comptes; reviseur des comptes; auditeur (see also external auditor; independent auditor; internal auditor; management auditor] authenticated specimen of signature sp6cimen legalis6 - 14 - authority [IDA]; commitment authority pouvoir d'engagement (des ressources) authority administration (p.ex. portuaire); r6gie (p.ex. des eaux) authority [legal] texte portant autorisation authorized bank banque agrMe authorized positlons [personnel] effectHf budgetaire authorized share capital capial social autoris6 automatic resetting mechanism [IFC] m6canisme automatique de revision (des taux d'int6ret) availability [transportation] disponibilHte; parfois: parc disponible availability fee [IFC] commission de disponibilite average Incremental cost - AIC coOt marginal moyen avoidance see tax avoidance avoided cost economies award [contractsl adjudication; attribution award [ICSID] sentence arbitrale awarding committee (contracts] commission d'adjudication axle load limit limHte de charge a i'essieu - 15 - - B- "B" loan pret "B" background [education) formation; exp6rience; qualifications; bagage background paper document d'information, de r6ference, de base; parfois: rapport d'orientation backhaul traffic trafic de retour backstopping appui technique back-to-office report - BTO compte rendu de mission backup (underwriting) facility mecanisme de garantie d'achat backup facility fee commission de garantie d'achat back value; netback value [energy] valeur nette backward-forward integration, integration, liaison verticale; relations linkage interindustrielles verticales backward integration, linkage int6gration, liaison en amont bad debt creance douteuse [bilan]; cr6ance Irr6couvrable [compte de pertes et profitsl bagging ensachage; mise en sac bail out renflouer bajra see millet balance balance (an account) solder (un compte) balance carried forward report A nouveau balance of payments see current balance of payments balance of payments position position de la balance des paiements balance of payments sustainability equilibre a long terme de la balance des paiements - 16 - balance-of-system costs coOt d'installation et fournitures balance of trade; merchandise balance commerciale balance; trade balance balance sheet see consolidated balance sheet balances [cash] encaisses; liquidites balances held on a covered basis soldes dhtenus au titre des operations a terme balancing equipment mat6riel de complement balancing item, entry erreurs et omissions; element de contrepartie; ecrfture de cloture balancing subsidy subvention d'6quilibre balloon loan pret ballon balloon payment palement en bloc ballpark figure chiffre approximatif; fourchette bank bank acceptance, bill; banker's acceptation bancaire acceptance bank examiner inspecteur (de la Banque de France) bank exposure montant des prets des banques; concentration des risques TBank first' principle principe selon lequel les ressources de la Banque sont utilisees en premier Bank Group see World Bank Group "Bank last" principle principe du demier recours (ressources de la Banque utills6es en demier); principe selon lequel les ressources de la Banque sont utilis6es en dernier bank money monnale scripturale bank of issue; issuing bank banque d'emission - 17 - Bank performance see performance bank rate [UK] taux officiel d'escompte bankable assurances garanties acceptables pour les banques; garanties bancables bankable project projet pouvant etre finance par la Banque, susceptible de bWn6ficier d'un concours financier banker's acceptance see bank acceptance Banking Advisory Panel [IFC] Groupe consultatif des banques bar chart diagramme en batons, en barres; histogramme barefoot doctor m6decin aux pieds nus barrels of oil equivalent - boe barils 6quivalent petrole - bep barrels per day of oil equivalent - bdoe barils par jour bquivalent pbtrole - bjep barriers see tarfff barriers barter terms of trade termes de I'echange (de marchandises) basal dressing; bottom dressing fumure basale base base; road base [highways] couche de base base, baseline costs coOts de base base course [highways] couche de liaison base (lending) program [IBRD] programme (de pret) de base base load [electlcfty] charge de base, minimale base load station [electricity] centrale de base base year annee de r6ference, de base baseline costs see base costs baseline data donn6es de base - 18 - baseline survey enquete init7ale, de reference, temoin basic basic education enseignement fondamental basic health care soins de sante de base basic research recherche fondamentale basic skills qualifications de base; competence de base; bagage minimal basic subjects; core subjects mati7res principales basin see drainage basin basin irrigation irrigation par bassins (de submersion), par submersion artificielle basis point centieme de pour cent; point de base basket unit of account unite de compte fondee sur un panier de monnales bearer bond obligation au porteur bear market march6 baissier "before-and-afteru test, analysis test "avant-apres' beggar-my-neighbor policy politique d'egoTsme sacre behest project projet hors normes bellwether (of economic trends) indicateur; signe precurseur below the line (Rtem) extraordinaires [recettes et depenses]; hors bilan [banquesj benchmark crude; marker crude brut de reference benchmark price; marker price prix indicatif, de reference beneficial interest droit de jouissance; interet ben6ficiaire beneficiation [minerals] enrichissement (d'un mineral) - 19- benefit benefit-cost ratio; cost-benefit ratio coOts-avantages ratio benefit package enveloppe des prestations benefit stream s6rie des avantages; flux des avantages benefit tax [IBRD] taxe pergue en contrepartie d'avantages benefits prestations berth poste & quai; poste d'accostage; poste d'amarrage [see also multipurpose berthj berth throughput dbbit d'un poste d'amarrage, a quai berthing capacity capacite d'amarrage "best effort" project [IBRD] projet d'effort maximum "best efforts" sale vente sans garantie d'emission betterment levy, tax impot sur les plus-values beverage crop produh destine a la preparation de boissons (p.ex. the, cafe, cacao) bias [economy; statistics] distorsion; tendance a favoriser, a defavorlser; biais [stat.]; erreur systematique bid bid see also alternative bid; examination of bids; invitation to bid; lowest bid; lowest evaluated bid; model bid documents; opening of bids; takeover bid bid bond garantle de soumission; caution de soumission bid documents see model bid documents bid form modele d'offres bid opening ouverture des plis bid package lot; tranche (de travaux) - 20 - bid price [contract] prix de l'offre bid security cautionnement provisoire bid submission soumission bidder (highest/lowest) soumissionnaire (le plus offrant) (le moins disant) [see also highest bidder; lowest bidder; postqualification of bidders; prequalification of bidders; qualified bidder; second lowest bidder; successful bidder; unsuccessful bidder] bidding see also competitive bidding; competitive bidding in accordance with local procedures; component bidding; international competitive bidding; limited international bidding bidding conditions bases de soumission bidding documents dossier d'appel d'offres big ticket items; white goods produits blancs; appareils electromenagers billing agent agent de recouvrement bill of exchange lettre de change bill of lading connaissement [see also through bill of lading] bill of quantities devis quantitatif; devis metre; metre d'evaluation; devis estimatif [see also priced bill of quantities] biochemical oxygen demand - BOD demande biochimique en oxygene - DBO biochemical oxygen demand over five demande biochimique en oxygene sur 5 days - BOD5 jours - DBO5 biodiversity diversite biologique blogas plant centrale de production de biogaz biomass energy energie & base de biomasse biomass (power) plant, station centrale aliment6e A la biomasse birth birth control regulation des naissances birth Interval intervalle genesique - 21 - birth order rang de naissance birth rate taux de natalite birth spacing espacement des nalssances bisque clause clause de derogatbon temporaire black economy; underground economy; economie clandestine, parallele, submerged economy; parallel economy souterraine blend country pays pouvant beneficier d'un financement mixte, recevant des prets de la BIRD et des creiits de l'IDA blend financing financement mixte (BIRD/IDA) blending (of flows) panachage; financement mixte; dosage blind trust trust dont le beneflcialre ne connalt pas la composition; trust aveugle block release conge formation block trading negociation de larges paquets d'actions block train train bloc blue chip; blue chip security valour de pere de famille; placement de pere de famille; valeur de premier ordre blueprint planning planHfication d6taillbe Board Board of Directors [IFC] Conseil d'administratlon [SFI] Board of Directors [MIGA] Conseil d'administration Board of (Executive) Directors; Conseil des Admlnistrateurs Executive Board JIBRD, IDA] Board of Governors Conseil des Gouverneurs Board seminar seminaire (du Conseil) Boards of the Bank and the Fund Consells d'administration de la Banque et du Fonds - 22 - body corporate; corporate body, personne morale; socibte institution bond see annuity bond; bearer bond; bid bond; convertible bond; corporate bond; coupon bond; deep discount bond; development bond; discount bond; exit bond; floating rate bond; government bond; indexed bond; non callable; original issue discount bond; outstanding bonds; performance bond; perpetual bond; publicly issued; registered bond; serial bond; straight bond; Treasury bond; warrant bond; zero coupon bond bonded contractor entreprise cautionn6e bonded goods marchandises (entrepos6es) en douane bonded warehouse entrep6t de douane, douanier bondholder porteur de titres, d'obligations; obligataire bonding entreposage (douanier); cautionnement bonus bonus see cash bonus bonus clause [contracts] clause prevoyant des primes bonus issue distribution, attribution d'actions gratultes bonus share action gratuite bookkeeper aide-comptable; employe de comptabilite book value valeur comptable booster pump pompe relais booster (pumping) station station de surpression border border check, border ditch irrigation par planches, a la planche, irrigation; strip irrijation par calants, au calant border currency (unit) monnaie comptable a la frontiere border industry industrie frontaliere border irrigation; strip Irrigation irrigation par planches, a la planche, par calants, au calant .23 - border point price see cost, insurance and freight port of entry/border point price border price prix frontiere; prix franco frontibre border strip irrigation; strip irrigation par pianches, A la planche, irrigation par calants, au calant border taxes taxes aux frontleres; Imp6ts aux frontibres bore core; core; core sample carotte de sondage [minlng; oil] borrowing borrowing capacity capacite d'emprunt, d'endettement borrowing cost coOt des emprunts borrowing from the public; public 6mission, offre publique; placement public borrowing, offering borrowing pool [IBRD] pool d'emprunts borrowing rate; depositor rate taux crediteur of interest borrowing requirements besoins de financement bottleneck analysis analyse des goulets d'6tranglement bottom bottom dressing; basal dressing fumure basale bottom fish; bottom-dwelling fish; especes de fond, d6mersales demersal fish bottom fishing peche A la ligne de fond bottom line r6sultat final; total; bilan; dernibre offre; pensez a: en fin de compte; de toute facon bottom out (of a recession) passer le creux de la vague bottom up (approach) [projectsl de la base au sommet; A partir de la base bottomiands rice riz de bas-fond -24- bracket creep, progression [taxation] progression par tranches bracketing [contrmetsl clauses restrictives brand name marque; parfois: nom commercial brand name drug specialitb pharmaceutique brand name product produit de marque breach of contract contravention au contrat breach of contract risk [MIGA] risque de rupture de contrat bread grains cbrbales panifiables breadwinner soutien de famille breakbulk marchandises gbnbrales, diverses; semi-vrac break, escape, jeopardy clause clause de sauvegarde breakdown ventilation; rbpartition; dbcomposition break-even analysis analyse de point mort, par le point mort break-even point seuil de rentabilitb; point d'equilibre; niveau d'indiffbrence breeder [agricLiturel eleveur; geneticien; selectionneur breeder seed semence de reproduction, de souche breeding wee plant breeding breeding materala mat6riel de s6lection breeding station [commercial breeding] station zootechnique, genetique breeding stock g6niteurs; animaux reproducteurs bridging arrangement, credit arrangement de soudure; credit de soudure bridging facility cr6dit relais brief, project fiche de projet; note de presentation du projet British Thermal Unit - BTU British thermal unit - BTU - 25 - broad money monnale au sens large; masse monetalre au sens large broken cross rates taux crois6s divergents broker courtier [change]; agent de change; agent boursier [bourse] brokerage courtage broom corn millet; broom millet see millet brown coal houille brune; lignite brown goods produits bruns brownout restrictions a la consommation de 1'electricite Bruno ratio coefficient de Bruno [see also modffied Bruno ratio] bubble-up effect effet de remont6e bucket latrine tinette budget budget see also budgeting; capital budget; cash budget; current budget; exchange budget; investment budget; Midyear Review; operating budget; partial budget; performance budget; program budget; special budget; unified budget; unit activity (crop) budget; whole farm budget budget amendment [U.S.] collectif (budgetaire) budget appropriation credit budgetaire; affectation de creidts; ouverture d'un credit budget authority ouverture de cr6dits budget cuts compressions budgetaires budget deficit; budgetary gap deficit budgetaire budget estimates previsions budgetaires; budget previsionnel budget process cycle budgetaire - 26 - budget stringency austerite budg6taire budget surplus excedent budgetalre budgetary aid aide budg6taire; parfois: subvention d'6quilibre budgetary gap; budget deficit d6ficit budg6taire budgeting etablissement du budget; budg6tisation [see also full budgeting; planning, programming, budgeting system; zero base budgeting] buffer buffer fund fonds de stabilisation; fonds regulateur buffer price prix butoir buffer stocks fonds r6gulateur; stocks r6gulateurs buffer stock scheme mecanisme de regulation par les stocks buildup accumulation; montee; etablissement; 61aboration; accrolssement; remontee de pression; intensification; effet cumulatif; augmentation; constitution [personnel]; montee en production [industrie]; prollfration [biologie] built-in evaluation [projects] evaluation (r6trospective) syst6matique built-in stabilizers stabilisateurs automatiques bulk metering comptage g6neral bulk oil products produits petroliers en vrac bulk procurement achats en grandes quantites bullet issue emprunt remboursable en une seule fois, in fine bull market marche haussier bump integrator [highways] appareil de mesure des irregularit6s de la chaussee; profilometre multiroues [systeme frangais]; bump integrator jsysteme anglais/amrricain] -27 - bunching engorgement; p6rdode de pointe; affiux [see also debt bunching] bunching of maturities concentration des 6ch6ances bund levee; diguette [see also contour bund] bunker [coal] tr6mIe A charbon bunker; bunker oil soutes bunkering soutage buoyancy [economics] 6lasticit6; fermet6; dynamisme; blastlclt6 globale [imp6tsl [see also tax buoyancy] buoyant demand demande soutenue buoyant market march6 ferme, soutenu, actif burden sharing participation aux charges [dans le cas de beneficiaires]; repartition des charges; partage (proportionnelle) des charges [lorsqu'il s'agit de donateurs] burn beating; ash farming ecobuage; brOlis buming [agriculture]; ash farming 6cobuage; brOils bush fallow jachbre de brousse business business accounting comptabilite d'entreprise Business Advisory Council [IFC] Groupe consultatif d'entreprises business community milieux d'affaires business cycle conJoncture; cycle economique business cycle policy politique conjoncturelle business enterprise entreprise commerciale ou industrielle - 28 - business expenses frais d'exploitation; frais de representation business plan plan d'entreprise; plan (d'action) de l'entreprise; plan d'exploitation; plan financier et commercial business (profit) tax; corporate imp6t sur les soci6t6s [France]; income tax [US]; corporation impot sur les benefices (industriels, tax [UK] commerciaux) des soci6t6s buyback agreement; take-out agreement accord de rachat buyer crednt; buyers' credit cr6dit acheteur buyer's market marche d'acheteurs buying agent [commodities] courtier; commissionnaire d'achat buying rate of exchange cours d'achat by contract a 1'entreprise bylaws statut; arrete Bylaws [IBRD, IDA, IFC] Reglement -29-, calendar quarter trimestre de l'annee civile call call for capital; call of capital appel de fonds call in a loan demander le remboursement d'un pret call loan pret au jour le jour call money; day to day money; argent au jour le jour; credit a vue, demand money; money at call a tres court terme; avances a vue call of capital appel de fonds call option option d'achat, de rachat call order contract contrat cadre callable (capital, subscription) appelable [capital]; exigible [souscription] called up (share) capital; paid in capital vers, liWbre (share) capital calorie Intake apport en calories; ration calorique calving rate taux de velage cancellation (of a debt) remise (de defte) cancellation (of a loan) annulation (d'un pret) cancelled debt dette annul6e cap see interest rate cap capability [urban development] parfois: infrastructure d'accueil; capacite d'accueil capacity see rated capacity capacity to pay; ability to pay moyens financiers (des ben6ficiaires) -30- capital capital see also commercial capital; domestic capital formation; equilibrating capital flow; equity capital; floating capital; foreign capital; frozen capital; General Capital Increase; gross fixed capital formation; Incremental capital-output ratio; Investment capital; loan capital; marginal efficiency of capital; noncash working capital; official capital; overhead capital; paid-in (share) capital; paid-up capital; public (capital) expenditure; quasi-equity; recycling (of capital); return of capital; return on capital (employed); return to capital; risk capital; seed capital; Selective Capital Increase; share capital; social overhead capital; uncalled capital; unimpalred capital; venture capital; volatile capital; working capital; World Bank Capital Markets System capital account compte de capital; compte des op6rations en capital capital adequacy adequatlon du capital aux besoins capital assets [accounting); immobilisatlons; Immobilisations corporelles fixed assets; permanent assets capital assets [economics]; capital fixe fixed capital capital base assise financlere; parfois: fonds propres; situation nette; actif net capital budget budget d'equipement, d'investissement capital consumption allowance provision pour consommation du capital capital cost coOt d'investissement; investissement initial capital deepening approfondissement du capital capital deepening investment investissement de productivitb capital-deficit oil exporter exportateur de petrole a deficit de capitaux capital efficiency rentabilite des capitaux capital endowment dotation en capital capital equipment; capital goods biens d'equipement; biens de capital; biens capitaux; capital technique capital expenditure; capital depenses d'investissement, outlay d'6qulpement - 31 - capital flow; capital movement flux, mouvement de capitaux capital formation formation de capital capital gain plus-value capital gains tax imp6t sur les plus-values capital gearlng ratio; gearing rapport encours des prets/fonds propres; ratio coefficient d'utilisation des fonds propres capital goods; capital equipment biens d'6qulpement; blens de capital; blens capitaux; capital technique capital impairment reduction du capital capital Inadequacy manque de capitaux capital inflow entree de capitaux; apport de capitaux capital infrastructure Infrastructure capital Intensity Intensite (relative) du capital capital-intensive (a forte Intensite) de capital; capitalistique capital investment investissement capital-labor ratio coefficient d'intensitb capitalistique capital loss perte en capital; moins-value capital market marche financier; parfois: marche des capitaux Capital Markets System Systeme d'information sur les marches [World Bank] - CMS financiers (Banque mondiale) capital movement; capital flow flux, mouvement de capitaux capital outlay; capital depenses d'investissement, expenditure d'equipement capital-output ratio coefficient de capital capital position situation du capital -32 - capital ratios ratios de fonds propres capital recovery factor - CRF coefficient de recuperation du capital capital-service ratio ratio capital/service capital stock capital social; [pour un pays] capital national; patrimoine national capital structure structure financiere capital supply offre de capitaux capital-surplus country pays a excedent de capitaux capital transfer transfert de capitaux, en capital capital widening elargissement du capital capital works ouvrages; infrastructures; equipement capitalization capitaux permanents; capitalisation boursiere (d'une entreprise) capitalize capitaliser capitalized expenses frais immobilises capitation [health financing] remun6ration forfaitaire par personne; capitation capitation; poll tax; head tax imp6t de capitation; parfois: imp6t personnel; imp6t minimal forfaitaire [France] career development amenagement des carrieres; organisation des carrieres Caribbean Basin Initiative [US] Initiative pour le Bassin des CaraTbes carrying carrying capacity [pastures] capacite de charge (des paturages) carrying capacity [transportation] charge utile carrying cost, charge of capital coOt d'inactivite des capitaux carrying costs, charges (goods] coOts de possession; frais de stockage - 33 - carryover loan creidt ponctuel carryovers report de credits; reconduction de credits cascade tax imp6t en cascade cascading see energy cascading cased well puits tube case study etude de cas; monographie cash cash advance credits de tresorerie; avances de caisse cash against documents - CAD palement contre documents - CAD cash balance; cash holdings; solde de tresorerie; encaisse; avoirs cash in hand; cash on hand en caisse cash (basis) accounting comptabilite de caisse; comptabiliee de gestion cash basis, on a sur une base encaissements-decaissements; sur la base des paiements cash bonus prime; pas-de-porte; bonus (au comptant) cash budget budget de gestion [finances publiquesl; previsions de tresorerie; budget de tr6sorerie cash crop culture de rapport; culture commerciale; culture marchande cash deficit deficit de tresorerie; d6couvert de tr6sorerie cash econorny economie monetaire cash equity capitaux investis; apport en especes; mise de fonds cash expenditures d6caissements; sorties de caisse; depenses en especes cash flow cash-flow; marge brute d'autofinancement - MBA; flux de tresorerie - 34 - cash forecast plan de tresorerie cash generation; Internal cash capacite d'autofinancement; creation de generaton liquidites; 6pargne brute (d'un secteur) cash grant don en esp6ces cash holdings; cash balance solde de tresorerie; encaisse; avoirs en caisse cash Income revenu mon6talre cash inflows entr6es de fonds; rentr6es cash In hand; cash balance solde de tresorerie; encaisse; avoirs en caisse cash input [accounting) apport en num6raire cash input lagricultural projects] intrant payant, achete cash management gestion de tr6sorerle cash market; spot market [foreign march6 au comptant exchange] cash on hand; cash balance solde de tr6sorerie; encaisse; avoirs en caisse cash payment palement comptant cash position position de tr6sorerie cash projections projections de tresorerie cash rate of return taux de tresorerie casual labor main d'oeuvre intermittente, occasionnelle; jourmaliers catalytic role r6le de catalyseur; action catalytique catch [fisheries] prise; capture; tonnage; recolte; quantite pech6e catch basin see catchment area catch crop culture d6rob6e - 35 - catchment area; catch basin bassin hydrographique; bassin versant [Irrigation]; zone de recrutement [6ducation]; zone d'approvisionnement; zone d'attraction; zone d'influence; zone de captage cattail millet see millet cattle b6tall; bovins; cheptel; bestlaux cattle on the hoof bWtall sur pled cattle unit unite bbtail [see also tropical cattle unit] caucus (of countries at Annual groupe Meetings) ceiling see credit limit ceiling price prix plafond cellular phone t6lephone de vofture; radiot6lephone cellulaire Central Bank Facility - CBF compte des banques centrales aupres de la BIRD central, midpoint estimate point median (d'une fourchette) central pivot sprinkle irrigation systeme "pivot"; systeme d'irrigation A pivots; irrigation A pivot central; systeme d'appareils A pivot centrally planned economy - CPE, economie a planification centrale, country d'Etat; 6conomie planifiee; pays A planification centrale central rate; key money rate taux pivot certificate of deposit certificat de d6p6t certificate of payment releve; recu certified seed semence certifile chain Index Indice en chalne - 36 - changes in working capital statement; tableau de financement; tableau des flux statement of changes in financial position channel [trade] filiere; circuit de commercialisation charcoal stove foyer a charbon de bois charge; lien [legal] servitude chargeback imputation des charges a l'utilisateur; facturation interne charge number [currency pool] base de calcul des int6rets charges [utiliies] redevances chart see bar chart; chart of accounts; construction progress chart; flip chart; flow chart; management chart; performance chart; process chart; progress chart; scatter chart charter (of a company) acte constitutif; charte charter party - c/p charte-partie chart of accounts plan comptable chattels biens mobiliers child mortality mortalite juvenile [see also infant mortality] cistern flush latrine cabinet A chasse d'eau civil engineer ingenieur de genie civil civil works travaux de g6nie civil claim creance; reclamation; revendication; pretention; moyens de droit [see also financial claim; financial claims of Government] claim [mining] concession claim (on resources) demande de ressources; prelevement sur les ressources; ponction sur les ressources Claims Committee [MIGA] Comit6 des indemnisations - 37 - classroom techniques techniques pedagogiques (employees en classse) clean coal charbon epure clearance autorisation; approbation; dedouanement; tirant d'air; hauteur limite [p.ex. ponts] [see also slum clearance; tax clearance] cleared wood bois de defriche clearing [agriculture] defrichage clearing house chambre de compensation; centre d'information; centre d'echange de renseignements client; owner of a project maitre de l'ouvrage client country pays bbneficiaire; client; clientele clinic see mobile clinic clinker clinker closed-end investment company, fund; societe d'investissement a capital investment trust [UK] fixe; societe d'investissement ferm6e; fonds de placement ferm6 closely-held corporation entreprise a nombre limite d'actionnaires close of business - c.o.b. fermeture des bureaux closing date date de cl6ture closing stock [livestock] nombre d'animaux en fin de periode closure of the proceeding [ICSID] cl6ture de l'instance clothing Industry industrie de l'habillement club deal arrangements consortiaux club loan credit consortial; pret syndiqu6 en circuit ferme cluster sampling echantillonnage par grappes - 38 - coal coal-based fuel combustible A base de charbon coal field bassin houllier; gisement houiller coal fired power station centrale & charbon coal gasHifcation gaz6eflcation du charbon coal liquefaction liquefaction du charbon coal tar goudron de houille coarse grain(s) c6rbales secondaires, traditonnelles coastal shipping cabotage coastal state etat c6tier; 6tat riverain coastal strip country pays A littoral btroit codetermination; comanagement cogestion co-exposure [insurance] participation coffee year ann6e caf6lere cofinanc(i)er cofinancier cofinancing cofinancement coinsurance see qualitative coinsurance; quantitative coinsurance coke oven four A coke coke oven gas gaz de cokerie coke oven plant cokerie coking coal charbon cok6flant colead manager cochef de file (banque) collateral garantie; nantissement collateral financing financement avec garantle - 39 - collect collector; recuelilir; rassembler [donn6es]; recouvrer limpots]; ramasser [p.ex. lait, dechets]; collecter [cultures] collect call; transfer charge call; appol on PCV reverse charge call collection of data; data collectlon collects de donnees; rassemblement de donn6es collective agreement; labor agreement convention colective collective self-reliance autonomle collective collegial management gestion coleglale coloan pret cofinanch comanagement; codetermination cogestion combined cycle [energy] cycle comblne combined sewer tout-a&4'bgout; 6gout unitaire command area [irrigation] p6rimetre irrigue, irrigable command economy; controlled economy; economie dirigbe directed economy commercial commercial bills see commercial paper commercial capital capitaux a des conditions commerciales commercial deposit [mining] gisement rentable commercial energy 6nergle commerciale commercial, commercialized GDP PIB marchand commercial lending prets a des conditions commerciales; prOts ext6rieurs de source commerciale commercial paper; commercial effets de commerce; papler commercial: bills papier financler; billets de tr6sorerie -40 - commercil production production marchande, a grande 6chelle, a 6chelle commerciale commercial vehicle v6hicule utilitaire commission mettre en service; faire faire, commanditer (une etude) commissioned company societe mandat6e (par la Banque mondiale) commitment authority; authority [IDA] pouvoir d'engagement (des ressources) commitment charge, fee commission d'engagement commitment deflator deflateur des engagements Committee of the Whole [IBRD] Comite plenier Committee on Directors' Administrative Comite des questions administratives Matters - CODAM concernant les Administrateurs Committee on Staff Compensation Comit6 des questions de r6mun6ration Issues commodity commodity article; produit [en generall; produit de base [commerce international]; marchandise [marche]; biens et services marchands [comptabilit6 nationale] [see also core commodities; international commodity agreements; international commodity organizations; physical commodity; primary commodity; self-targeting (commodity)] commodity agreement accord de produit commodity assistance aide en nature commodity loan pret en nature commodity producing countries pays de production primaire commodity producing sectors secteurs de production primaire commodity trade commerce de transactions sur marchandises common share; common stock; ordinary action ordinaire share; equity - 41 - community community facilities; social 6quipements collectifs, soclaux infrastructure community health services services de sante communautaire community health worker - CHW agent de sant6 communautaire community services services collectifs commuter navetteur companion crop culture de soutien comparative advantage avantage comparatif compensation remuneration; parfois: indemnit6; contrepartie competent court or other authority tribunal competent ou toute autre autorite (to enforce awards) [ICSID] competente (pour 1'execution des sentences arbitrales) competing claims (on resources) pressions concurrentes (exercees sur des ressources) competitive bidding appel d'offres competitive bidding in accordance appel a la concurrence dont la with local procedures; local publicite est faite localement competitive bidding - LCB competitive market marche concurrentiel complementarity complementarite complementary financing financement compilmentaire completed borrowing emprunt (totalement) place completion see mechanical completion completely knocked down - CKD en pibces detachees; completement d6mont6 - CKD completely knocked down (CKD) kits ensembles, collections CKD completion (of a project) achbvement -42-, completion certificate (of a project) certKficat do r6ception (des travaux) component (of a project) AlAment; composante; volet component bidding offres fractionnnes composite currency unit units mon6taire composite composite mission mission piuridisciplinalre composting compostage compound compound [West Africa] concession; carr6 compound fertilizer; mixed engrais compose fertilizer compound Interest Intersts compos6s, capitalis6s compound rate of growth taux de croissance cumui6 compounding factor coefficient d'interets composes comprehensive comprehensive economic table [IBRD] tableau 6conomique d'ensemble - TEE comprehensive insurance assurance multirisque, 'tous risques" comprehensive planning planification globale comprehensive school 6cole polyvalente, A enseignement multiple comptroler chef des services financiers; contr6leur financier compulsory saving 6pargne forc6e computable general equilibrium (CGE) modele informatise d'6quilibre general model computer computer see mainframe computer computer aided design - CAD conception assist6e par ordinateur - CAO - 43 - computer aided Instruction - CAI enseignement assist6 par ordinateur - EAO computer aided manufacture - CAM fabrication assist6e par ordinateur - FAO computer language langage de programmation concealed, covert, disguised, hidden ch6mage occulte, d6guisM unemployment conceptual design sch6ma th6orlque concessional concessional; concessionary concessionnel; lib6ral; avantageux; pr6f6rentiel [tarffs]; special concessional, concessionary aid aide concessionnelle, liberale concessional, concessionary element el6ment concessionnel, de subvention concessional flow flux d'aide concessionnelle concessional terms conditions lib6rales concessionality concessionalite concessionary see concessional Conciliation Commission [ICSID] Commission de conciliation Conciliation Rules [ICSID] Reglement de conciliation concurrent indicator indicateur simultan6, concurrent conditionality conditionnalite conditions of effectiveness conditions d'entr6e en vigueur conformed copy copie certifiee conforme connection [water, electricity]; raccordement; branchement wiring [electricity] consent (to jurisdiction) [ICSID] consentement (a la jurisdiction, a la competence) conservation see energy conservation - 44 - consideration [legal, economic] contrepartie; contribution; rhmuneration consolidated balance sheet bilan consolld6 consolidated income statement compte de r6sultats consolid6 consolidate maturities consolider les 6ch6ances consolidation, land remembrement des terres consolidation (of companies) fusion consortium (for a country) consortium (d'aide a un pays) conspicuous consumption consommation ostentatoire constant elasticity of substitution 6lasticite de substitution constante - CES constant energy intensity intensite d'utilisation d'6nergie constante constant prices, at a prix constants constituency of an Executive pays represent6(s) par un Administrateur; Director electorat (d'un Administrateur) constituent(s) of an Executive mandant(s) d'un Administrateur; Director 6lectorat d'un Administrateur constituent subdivision or collectivite publique ou agency (of a Contracting organisme d6pendant (d'un State) [ICSIDI Etat contractant) constructed value valeur calculbe construction progress chart graphique d'execution des travaux construction sector secteur du batiment et des travaux publics - BTP; secteur du bgtiment consultant see short term consultant consulting firm societe, bureau, cabinet d'etudes; cabinet de consultants; cabinet-conseil [see also management consultancy firm] consumables biens fongibles; matieres consommables - 45 - consumer consumer [telecommunications] usager consumer credit credit a la consommation consumer demand demande de consommation consumer durables see durables consumer electronics electronique grand public - EGP consumer goods biens de consommation consumer price prix a la consommation consumer price index - CPI indice des prix a la consommation - IPC consumer subsidy subvention & la consommation consumer surplus rente du consommateur; surplus du consommateur consumption conversion factor - CCF coefficient de conversion base sur la consommation consumption economy economie de consommation consumption rate of interest - CRI taux d'actualisation de la consommation contact farmer [agricultural agriculteur de liaison extension] containerization conteneurisation contingencies imprevus; aleas contingencies, physical provision pour al6as d'execution; provision pour aleas techniques Contingency Mechanism Dispositif d'action conjoncturelle [IMF/Worid Bank] contingencies, price provision pour hausse des prix; provision pour aleas financiers; provision pour imprevus financiers -46 - contingency allowance; reserve for provision pour imprevus contingencies; allowance for contingencies contingency plan dispositif d'intervention contingent contingent asset actf conditionnel contingent commitment [IFC] engagement conditionnel [SFI] contingent interest interet conditionnel contingent liability passif conditionnel contingent obligation engagement conditionnel contingent reserve provision pour imprevus; reserve pour impr6vus continuation rate [contraception] taux de continuit6 d'utilisation continuing education; lifelong education permanente, continue education; continuing education continuous cropping culture continue Continuously Offered Longer-Term papier a terme offert en permanence (COLTS) Securities (COLTS) contour bund diguette suivant les courbes de niveau contour farming culture suivant les courbes de niveau contract contract marche [fournitures, travaux]; contrat [prestation de services] [see also admeasurement contract; arm's-length contract; call order contract; cost-plus fixed fee contract; cost-plus percentage fee contract; fixed cost contract; fixed term contract; lump sum contract; management contract; man-month contract; open-ended contract; percentage (fee) contract; product in hand contract; production-sharing contract; program contract; remeasurement contract; risk contract; schedule contract; "slice and package" contract; special conditions of contract; subcontract; take-and-pay contract; take-or-pay agreement, contract; time-based contract; turnkey contract; under contract; unit price contract] contract, by; contract, under i 1'entreprise contract documents pieces du marche - 47 - contract out sous-traiter a contract price prix forfaitaire contracting authority mattre de l'ouvrage Contracting State [ICSID] Etat contractant Contracting States [MIGA] Etats contractants contractionary policy politique d'austerite contractor entrepreneur; entreprise; contractant; adjudicataire [see also bonded contractor; general contractor; prime, principal, main contractor; subcontractor] contractual obligations [IBRD] obligations contractuelles contragestion; contragestatlon contragestlon contributor [IDA] contribuant control lutte (contre); mattrise (de l'eau); regulation; commande [electricite, irrigation] controlled economy; command economy; economie dirigbe directed economy controlled flooding irrigation par ruissellement regle controlled irrigation irrigation control6e controlling interest participation majoritaire; position dominante conurbation conurbation conventional energy 6nergie classique conventional terms conditions classiques, commerciales, du march6 Convention on the Settlement Convention pour le reglement of Investment Disputes des diff6rends relatifs aux between States and Nationals investissements entre Etats of other States [ICSID] et ressortissants d'autres Etats - 48 - convergent indicator indicateur convergent conversion at par conversion au pair convertible bond obligation convertible convertible debenture loan emprunt obligataire convertible investment [IFC] [SFI] cooperative program programme de cooperation cooperative research recherche cooperative, en commun, concert6e core core see bore core; core sample; drill core; dwelling core core business activit&s essentielles core commodities [IBRD] principaux produits de base core curriculum tronc commun core departments see core ministries core expenditure depenses incompressibles core (working) hours plage obligatoire core housing; nuclear housing habitat 6volutif; cellules elementaires; logement embryonnaire; cellule de base core inflation inflation de base core ministries, departments ministbres cl6s (p.ex. Plan, finances, commerce, industrie) core process [IBRD] activite centrale core program programme prioritaire core project projet strategique core sample; core; bore core carotte [mining; oil] - 49 - core subjects; basic subjects matieres principales [education] core working hours see core hours corporate corporate body, institution; body personne morale; societe corporate corporate bond obligation de societe corporate charge card carte de creiit professionnelle corporate finance gestion financiere des entreprises corporate income tax [US]; business imp6t sur les societes [France]; imp6t sur (profit) tax les benefices (industriels, commerciaux) des societ6s corporate sector secteur des entreprises corporate stocks actions corporate structure structure sociale; organisation mat6rielle et financiere de 1'entreprise [SFI] corporate tax imp6t sur les societes corporation tax [UK]; business imp6t sur les societes [France]; imp6t sur (profit) tax; corporate income les benefices (industriels, commerciaux) tax [US] des societ6s correction see monetary correction corrective maintenance entretien correctif corridor [transportation] couloir corrugation irrigation irrigation a la raie cost cost co0t; prix de revient cost, at a prix coOtant; au prix de revient - 50 - cost accounting comptabilite analytique d'exploitation; comptabilite des prix de revient; calcul des prix de revient cost and fee contract see cost-plus fixed fee contract cost-benefit analysis analyse coOts-avantages cost-benefit ratio ratio coOts-avantages cost center centre de coOts cost control mattrise des coOts cost-effective efficace par rapport au co&t; rentable; economique cost-effectiveness coOt-efficacite; rentabilite; efficacite cost estimate estimation de coOts; devis cost, insurance and freight - CIF co&t, assurance, fret - c.a.f. cost, insurance and freight (cif) prix coOt assurance fret port d'entr6e/ port of entry/border point price frontiere cost overrun depassement de devis, de coOts cost-plus fixed fee contract marche sur depenses contr6lees cost-plus percentage (fee) march6 sur depenses contr6l8es avec contract pourcentage cost-plus pricing system systeme du prix de revient majore cost price prix coOtant, de revient cost pricing verite des prix cost-push inflation inflation par les coOts; inflation de coOt cost recovery recouvrement des coOts cost reimbursable contract march6 sur d6penses contr6lees cost sharing partage des coOts; repartition des charges; participation aux frais - 51 - cost stream flux de(s) coOts; serie de(s) coOts cost underrun coOts inferieurs aux pr6visions; surestimation des coOts; pourcentage de fonds inutilises costing etablissement des coOts; determination des coOts; calcul des coOts cottage industry industrie artisanale counsel [ICSID] conseil counter-memorial [ICSID] contre-memoire counterpart counterpart agency agence de cooperation counterpart funds fonds de contrepartie counterpart item element de contrepartie [balance of payments] counterpart staff homologues; personnel de contrepartie countertrade echanges compenses, de compensation countervailing duty droit compensateur country country assistance management - CAM gestion de l'aide par pays country economic and sector work etudes sectorielles et analyses - CESW [IBRD] economiques par pays country economic memorandum - CEM memorandum 6conomique (sur un pays) [IBRD] country economist 6conomiste-pays country exposure [IBRD] engagement par pays [see also country risk] country implementation review bilan d'execution des projets (par pays) country loan [IBRD] prdt-pays - 52 - country operations operations-pays country program paper - CPP [IBRD] programme d'action (de la Banque) (pour un pays donne) country risk risque-pays country sector memorandum [IBRD] memorandum sur le secteur de... country strategy paper document de strategie (pour un pays) coupon bond obligation munie de coupon coupon equivalent yield rendement converti en taux d'int6ret coupon rate (of a bond) taux d'emission (d'une obligation) course see base course course interchange [education] cours int6gr6 a lements interchangeables covenants [loan agreements] clauses [accords de pret]; parfois: engagements cover see plant cover coverage couverture lassurances]; portee; champ d'application; composition; repr6sentation [statistique] coverage ratio [loans] taux de couverture cover crop; nurse crop plantes de couverture; culture de couverture covered see balances held on a covered basis covering memorandum memorandum d'accompagnement covert, hidden, disguised, concealed ch6mage occulte, deguisb unemployment cowpea nibbe crawling peg [rate of exchange] systeme de paritbs mobiles (glissantes, rampantes) - 53 - creative financing formules nouvelles, inedites, originales de financement credentials pouvoirs; references; diplomes [education]; lettres de creances credft credit see also financial credit credit [education] unite de valeur; unite capitalisable - U.C. credit account [IDA] compte de credit credit arrangements accords de credit credit availability accbs au credit credit balance see unspent credit balance credit ceiling see credit limit credit facilities facilites de credit; mecanisme de credit credit-in-kind credit en nature credit limit; credit ceiling plafond de credit credit line [IFC] ouverture de credits pour l'octroi de prets credit multiplier multiplicateur du credit credit risk risque d'insolvabilit6; pays, societe, etc., a risque credit squeeze; credit tightening resserrement du credit; compression du credit; encadrement du credit creditworthiness; credit solvabilite; capacit de financement; standing capacite d'endettement; surface financibre; credit; cote de credit; signature [pays; grande societe]; honorabilite [client priv6] creep see grade creep 54 - creeping inflation inflation larvee, rampante critical consumption level - CCL niveau critique de consommation critical path method - CPM m6thode du chemin critique cronyism n6potisme cropping intensity intenslte de culture cropping pattern r6partition des cultures; systeme de culture; assolement crop production production v6g6tale crops cultures; parfois: speculations crop year campagne crossbred progeny [livestock] produfts de crolsement cross-classification classement matriciel, a double entree cross-conditionality clause clause de conditionnalit6 reciproque cross-default clause clause de manquement reciproque; clause d'exigibillte croisee; clause de d6faut croise cross-effectiveness clause clause de mise en vigueur liee; clause de subordination reciproque pour l'entr6e en vigueur cross elasticity elasticite crois6e crossover discount rate; equalizing taux d'indifflrence; taux d'egalisation discount rate des valeurs actuelles; taux d'actualisation critique cross price elasticity elasticit6-prix crois6e cross rate taux croise [see also broken cross rates] cross-reference clause clause de renvoi cross-sectional analysis analyse transversale cross-sectional data [econometry] donnees basees sur une coupe statistique - 55 - cross section sample 6chantillon representatif cross subsidization subvention croisee, reciproque; partois: subvention interne crowding In attraction; envahissement; accumulation des investissements crowding out 6viction crowd out 6vincer; supplanter; exclure crude birth rate - CBR taux brut de natalite crude death rate taux brut de mortalite crush see vaccination crush culled cow vache de reforme culling rate taux de reforme culvert aqueduc; buse; ponceau cumulative charge number base cumul6e de calcul des interets [currency pool] cumulative write offs montant cumulatif passe par pertes et profits curb market; over-the-counter market marche hors-cote currency currency see also border currency; composite currency unit; domestic currency; eligible currency; Eurocurrency; European currency unit; foreign currency; gold-pegged currency; hard currency; intervention currency; local currency; major currency currency depreciation d6preciation de la monnaie currency-hedged transaction operation couverte contre les risques de change currency in banks monnaie detenue par les banques currency liabilities dettes en monnaie currency option bond see multiple currency option bond - 56 - currency outside banks monnale fiduciaire hors banques currency pool pool de monnaies currency swap swap de monnales cunrency transfer risk [MIGA] risque de transfert currency translation conversion monetaire; traduction monetaire currency unit unite monetaire current current account [balance of balance des paiements courants, des payments] operations courantes current account balance; current solde courants; solde des paiements balance [balance of payments] courants, des operations courantes current account deficit deficit courant current assets actif circulant, disponible; valeurs realisables current balance see current account balance current balance of payments balance des paiements courants; transactions courantes; op6rations courantes current blend - CB [IFC] panache a court terme - PCT current budget budget ordinaire, de fonctionnement; parfois: budget de l'exercice en cours current cost (value) accounting comptabilite des couts courants; (methode du) bilan actualise current (entry) value; replacement valeur de remplacement value; current cost [accounting] current exit value; exit value valeur actuelle; valeur venale current expenditures depenses ordinaires current International payments paiements internationaux courants - 57 - current liabliNtles exigibilit6s; passif a court terme current maturities 6ch6ances a moins d'un an current prices, at aux prix courants current ratio; working capital ratio de liquidite generale; ratio current revenues recettes courantes, ordinaires, aux prix courants current terms, in en valeur nominale current value see current (entry) value current value accounting see current cost (value) accounting current yield rendement courant curriculum programme scolaire, d'enseignement; parfois: plan d'etudes [see also core curriculum] custom retrofitting reequipement industriel a la demande customs duty bill obligation cautionn6e customs valuation (practices) (methodes de) determination de la valeur en douane cutoff point (for Bank or IDA seuil de reclassement financing) cutoff rate (of return) [projects] seuil de rentabilite cuts see tariff cuts cutting bouture; abattage; coupe cutting see also logging - 58 - - D - dam see diversion dam; earthfill dam; storage dam data collection collecte de donn6es; rassemblement de donnees Data on Consulting Firms - DACON repertoire informatique sur les consultants - DACON dated information donnees ponctuelles day release credit d'heures; (systeme d') horaires ambnag6s day-to-day money; call money; demand argent au jour le jour; credit a vue, money; money at call a tres court terme; avances a vue deadweight (loss) (perte) de polds mort; perte pour l'economie deadweight capacity port en lourd deadweight tonnage - DWT tonnes de port en lourd - tpl dealer see securities dealer debenture obligation (non garantie) [see also convertible debenture loan investment] debt debt bunching concentration des 6cheances (d'une dette) debt cancellation annulation, remise de la dette debt carrying capacity capacite d'endettement debt consolidation consolidation de la dette debt distressed country pays surendett6 debt due arrier6s; parfois: impaye debt-equity conversion conversion de la dette en capital; conversion de dettes en fonds propres 59- debt-equity ratlo; ratlo d'endettement debt-to-equity ratlo; debt-to-capital ratlo debt-equity swap [Wodd Bank] Achange do cr6ances contre des participations debt funding consolidation de la dette debt outstanding and disbursed encours de la dette - DOD debt overhang montant total de la dette debt ratio ratio de solvabilite debt relief allegement de la dette debt rephasing; rescheduling of amenagement, r66chelonnement, consolidation debt de la dette debt reporting system see World Bank Debtor Reporting System debt representation letter attestation sur la dette exterieure debt rescheduling; rescheduling of am6nagement, reechelonnement, consolidation debt de la dette debt restructuring restructuration de la dette debt retirement amortissement de la dette debt sales cession de dettes debt security garantle d'une cr6ance; titre obligataire debt service coverage couverture du service de la dette debt-service ratio ratio du service de la dette debt service requirements obligations au titre du service de la dette debt service schedule 6cheancler du service de la dette; calendrier des 6cheances, d'amortissement de la dette debt servicing capacity aptitude A assurer le service de la dette -60- debt structure structure de la dette debt-to-capital ratio see debt-equity ratio debt-to-equity ratio see debt-equity ratio debt work-out program [Wordd Bank] programme de traktement de la dette; programme de restructuration de la dette debtor reporting system see World Bank Debtor Reporting System decision-maker responsable; decldeur decision-making body centre de decision; organe de decision decision-making power pouvoir de d6cision decision-making process prise de decision Declaration of Environment Policies Declaration concernant les politiques de and Procedures Relating to Economic l'environnement et les proc6dures relatives Development au developpement 6conomique declining balance method; reducing amortissement degressif charge method decontrol; remove, lift credit d6sencadrer (ie credit); d6r6glementer; restrictions lever les contr6les; liberer (p.ex. les prix) deduction see tax deduction deed of trust acte de fid6icommis deep deep discount bond, note obligation a prime d'6mission 6lev6e deep market marche actif deep sea fishing peche hauturiere deep water port port en eau profonde deepening intensiication; renforcement [see also capital deepening; capital deepening investment; financial deepening] default [ICSID] d6faut - 61 - default on obligations manquement aux obligations; lnexbcution des obligations default (on payment) defaut de paiement; cessation de paiement deferred deferred charges, expenses charges constat6es d'avance deferred depreciation amortissement diff6re deferred Income prodult constate d'avance deferred maintenance entretien en souffrance; entretien diff6re deficiency see mineral deficiency; nutritional deficiency; protein deficiency; vitamin deficiency deficit country pays d6ficitaire deficit financing financement par le deficit budg6taire, par l'impasse budgetaire deflate exprimer en prix constants deflation d6flation; expression en prix constants deflationary gap ecart dbflationniste deflator deflateur; indice d'ajustement [see also commitment deflator; GNP price deflator; implicit deflator; implicit gross domestic product deflator] deforestation deboisement degree of concessionality caractere plus ou moins favorable, liberal; elbment de liberalitb degressive scale bareme d6gressif dehusking; husking decorticage delegation of authority delegation de pouvoirs delink [foreign exchange] dbtacher delinquent taxes arri6r6s d'imp6ts delivery (of a contract) remise (d'un contrat) *62- delivery system; supply system systbme do prestatlons; reseau do services; dltribution; organisatlon (des soins primaires) demand demand deposit dbp6t A vue demand management gestion de la demande; regulation de la demande; action sur la demande; orientation de la demande demand money; call money; argent au jour le jour; credit A vue, day-to-day money; money at call & tres court terme; avances A vue demand note bon A vue; effet A vue demand-pull inflation inflation par la demande demand shift d6placement de la demande demersal fish; bottom fish especes de fond, demersales demographic transitlon; transition transition d6mographique demonstration demonstration activity operatlon pilote; op6ratlon temoin demonstration effect effet de d6monstration, d'emulation, d'entratnement demonstration plot parcelle de demonstration demonstration school; laboratory ecole d'application; ecole school; model school; practice exp6rlmentale school denominated In (dollars, etc.) libelle en; exprime en density of population per unit of densite generale par unite de sol cultivable area cultivable; densite physiologique density of the agricultural population densitb de la population vivant de per unit of cultivable area l'agriculture; densite agraire departmentalization [education] enseignement par matieres separkes; compartimentatlon *63- dependency allowance lndemnltb pour charges de famille dependency ratlo rapport Mdge-personnes A charge"; rapport de d6pendance en fonction de I'dge dependent personne a charge depletion see soil depletion depletlon allowance, reserve provislon pour 6puisement (d'un gisement) deposit see geothermal deposit deposit bank banque de dep6t deposit liabilities engagements A vue depositor rate of interest; borrowing taux cr6diteur rate [banks] [see also rate of interest on loans] depository bank banque d6positaire depreciation depreciation see also accelerated depreciation; accumulated depreciation; allowance for depreciation; currency depreciation; deferred depreclation; straight-line depreclation depreclatlon allowance provislon(s) pour amortissement depreciation of currency; currency deprsclatlon de la monnale depreclatlon depreclatlon on a straight llne; amortlssement lilnbalre, constant straight line depreciation depressed Industry Industris en dbciln, en crise, en ports de vitesse Deputy [Development Committee] Dhlbgub Deputy [IDA) D6l6gue Deputy Secretary General [ICSID] Secretaire g6n6ral adjolnt deregulate dArAglementer; liberer; lever les contr6les .64- design design conception; elaboration; plan; modele; projet; etudes techniques; dessin; calcul; parti architectural; dimensionnement [see also conceptual design; detailed design; engineering design; pavement design; preliminary design; project design; structural design] design capacity capacit6 nominale, theorique design engineering ingenierie de construction; etude de conception; etudes techniques design speed vitesse de construction, de conception, de base, nominale design standards caracteristiques techniques [routes]; normes de construction Designating Authority (of l'Autorite qui a d6sign6 (les Panel Members) [ICSID] experts figurant sur la liste) designer concepteur-projeteur; modeliste; dessinateur desk officer fonctionnaire charge d'un pays desk study etude sur documents, theorique desktop publishing publication assistee par ordinateur (PAO); micro6dition; 6ditique destocking [animal management] decharge du pdturage detailed design, engineering projet d'ex6cution; dossier d'execution [une foas approuve]; avant-projet detaille - APD deterrent facteur de dissuasion, dissuasif developer promoteur; maitre de l'ouvrage [see also real estate developer] developing island country pays insulaire en d6veloppement - 65 - development development d6veloppement; mise en valeur; amenagement; 61aboration; mise au point; realisation; deroulement; faits nouveaux; evolution; perfectionnement (du personnel); construction; lotissement; quartier nouveau [see also area development; engineering development; Evaluation Capability Development Program; land development; management development; manpower development; site development; skills development; social development; staff development; urban development area; whole farm development; World Development Indicators; World Development Reportj development area zone d'amenagement development bank banque de developpement development bond bon d'6quipement Development Committee Comite du developpement development credit agreement accord de creiit de [IDA] d6veloppement [IDA] development drilling forage de d6veloppement development finance company - DFC societe de financement du developpement - SFD development finance institution institution de financement du developpement - DFI - IFD development period (of a phase de demarrage, lancement project, of a company) development planner planfifcateur du developpement development planning planification du d6veloppement diagnosis see early diagnosis diarrheal diseases maladies diarrheiques diesel fuel; diesel oil gazole; gas-oil diesel (fired) power plant centrale au fuel differential [noun] diff6rentiel; 6cart dilution see stock dilution -66 - diminishing returns rendements d6croissants [see also law of diminishing returns] dip [stockbreeding] baln antiparasitaire dipping tank bassin d'immersion direct direct contracting [procurement] passation de marchbs par entente directe direct costing m6thode du direct costing, des coOts variables, des coOts proportionnels direct exchange line - DEL ligne individuelle, non partag6e direct shopping [procurement] commandes directes; consultation (directe) de fournisseurs directed credit orientation, contr6le du credit directed economy; controlled economy; 6conomie dirig6e command economy direction of lending r6partltlon g6ographique des prets directly unproductive profit seeking activlt6s directement improductives de activities - DUP maximisation de la rente directors' fees Jetons de pr6sence disadvantaged group 6conomiquement falbles; groupe defavorisb disbursed portfolio [IFC] partle d6calssbe du portefeuille disbursement disbursement dbcalssement [BIRD]; sortie de fonds; d6bours; palement; versement; d6boursement disbursement deflator d6flateur des dbcalssements disbursement letter lettre sur les conditlons de dbcaissement disbursement officer chargb des dbcalssements discharge [sewage] rejets; dbversement disclaimer dbni de responsablltb - 67 - discontinuance [ICSID] dbsistement discount discount rabals; dbcote; escompte [finances]; prime d'bmisslon [obligations]; deport [devises] [see also exchange discount; price discount; quality discount; soclal rate of discount] discount, to [finance] actuaiiser; escompter; mobillser; parfols: rbescompter discount bond obligation a prime d'6misslon discount factor coefficient d'actualisation discount note bon & prime (d'emission) discount rate [central bank] taux d'escompte discount rate [project appraisal] taux d'actualisation [see also shadow discount rate] discount rate [securities] taux d'actualisation discounted cash flow (DCF) method methode d'actualisation des flux financiers discretlonary Income revenu discr6tionnaire discretlonary spending d6penses discrAtlonnalres discussion paper document de travail disease see pattern of disease; pest and disease control; plant diseases; vectorborne disease; water-based disease; waterborne disease; water-washed disease diseconomles d6sbconomles disestablish, to mettre fin aux activitbs; Jiquider; d6manteler disguised, hidden, covert, concealed chBmage occulte, d6guls6 unemployment dishoarding d6th6saurisation disincentive antistimulant; frein; deslncitatlon; effet dissuasif -68 - disinflation d6sinflation disinflationary desinflationniste disintermediation d6sinterm6diation disinvestment desinvestissement dispatching [electricity] dispatching dispersion of resources saupoudrage des ressources disposable income revenu disponible disposal see waste disposal dispose (of) for value, to ceder a titre onereux disquaiification [ICSIDI recusation dissaving d6separgne distance leaming, teaching enseignement & distance distress borrowing emprunts de detresse distressed loan pret en difficulte distress price vil prix distress sale, selling vente publique de biens saisis; vente a tout prix, en catastrophe, de panique distribution(ai) weight ponderation distributive disutility desutilite diversion costs [ports) coOts de deroutement diversion dam barrage de derivation diverted expons detoumement de biens d'exportation (au profit du projet) divestiture cession d'actions; transfert d'actions; passation de pouvoirs (d'une societe A une autre); desengagement; desinvestissement - 69 - dividend see stock didend dockage see wharfage documentary credit cr6dit documentaire documentary evidence pieces justificatives dollar gap p6nurie de dollars domestic domestic asset formation; formation interieure de capital domestic capital formation domestic assets avoirs int6rleurs; creances int6rieures domestic capital formation see domestic asset formation domestic content ratio taux d'int6gration natlonale domestic currency monnale nationale; monnale locale (p.ex franc CFA) domestic economy economie nationale domestic liabilities engagements int6rieurs domestic preference; preference, pref6rence accord6e aux entreprises preferential margin; margin of nationales; marge de preference preference [procurement] domestic resource cost - DRC coOt en ressources interieures; coOt reei des devises domestic resource cost ratio; coefficient de coOt en ressources domestic resource cost coefficient Interieures - DRCC domestic savings epargne interieure domestic transfer cost coOt de transfert int6rleur domestic value added valeur ajoutee dans le pays, A l'interieur domestic waste ordures m6nagbres donor country pays donateur *70- double double cropping; sequentlal cultures successives; double rbcolte cropping double-day phenomenon ph6nombne de la double journee, de la double tache double digit Inflation; two digit inflation A deux chiffres Inflation double entry accounting comptabiiMt en partie double double factorlal terms of trade termes de l'6change bifactoriels double shift teaching; double classes altem6es; classes de roulement; shifting double vacation [anciennes colonies belges] double taxation double Impositlon double-weighted borrowing cost coOt des emprunts doublement pondere [IBRDJ doubtful debt crbance douteuse downgrade (a loan) declasser down payment (on the budget deficit) acompte downsizing d6gralssage des effectifs downstream effect, benefit avantage, effet en aval downstream plant, facilftles Installations en aval downswing phase descendants, de repil, de contraction; baisse down time temps mort; durbe d'Immobilisation downturn (economic) balsse; passage A la phase descendante downward trend tendance A la balsse drainage basin bassin hydrographique drainage system see storm water drainage system draw (funds) tirer; faire des tirages *71- drawback [customs] ristoume; remboursement (des drolts de douane) drawdown pr6livoment; diminution; tirage; rabattement [irrigatlon] drawdown of equity versement, lib6ratlon du capital dressing see basal dressing; surface dressing; top dressing; window dressing dressing section, hall [slaughtering] hail d'habillage dribble irrigation see drip irrigation drill core carotte de sondage drilling forage; sondage [see also well drilling] drilling rig, plafform see ol (drilling) rig drip irrigation; dribble Irrigation; Irrigation au goutte-a-goutte trickle irrigation driven well puits fonc6 droppage (of a loan) [IFC] abandon (d'un pret) drop out [educatlon] [noun) d6perdltlon scolaire; abandon; dbchets scolaires; reJets; exclus drop out [education] [verb] abandonner en cours d'6tudes dropout rate [education] taux d'abandon (scolaire) drought stress tension caus6e par la s6cheresse drug see brand name drug; generic drug dry dock cale seche; cale de radoub dry farming; dryland farming "dry farming"; aridoculture; culture en zone aride; culture seche; culture en sec dry process [cement manufacture] traftement par vole sbche dual executive director Administrateur Banque/Fonds -72- dual-purpose catUe bovin A aptitude mixte; bovin a double fin dug well puits creusb dummy varable variable fictive, auxilaire dumping dumping [economie]; d6charge sauvage [orduresi dung cake agglomer6 de fumier; tourteau de bouse durable goods; durables; consumer blens de consommation durables durables Dutch disease syndirome hollandais dutiable passible de drokts duty-free en franchise de droits duty station lieu d'affectation dwelling core cellule de base; logement embryonnaire dynamic life Index [commodities] indice de vie dynamique -73- early early (maturing) [crop] prcoce; primeur early diagnosis depistage early retirement scheme r6gime de retrakte anticip6e early warning system systeme d'alene rapide, immeciiate earmark (funds) r6server; affecter; provisionner earmarked account compte d'affectation spciale earmarked tax imp6t d'affectatlon speciale, determin6e eamed income revenus du travaU earned surplus ben6fices non distribues; reserves eaming assets avoirs r6mun6rateurs, productffs earning power productit6 flnanciere (d'actHfs materiels, d'actHfs financiers); rentablite earnings proffts; beneflces; gains; recettes; r6munbration globale earthfUl dam barrage a rembial de terre; barrage en terre foul6e earth or gravel road route non revetue earth resources satellKe satellite d'exploration des ressources terrestres earth road piste; route en terre; parfois: route non revetue [see also earth or gravel road] ease, monetary; monetary ease assouplissement mon6taire East Indian millet see millet 74 - easy money alsance monhtaire; (poltique de) I'argent A bon marchb; detente du cridit; credIt bon march6 economic economic analyst sp6clallste de I'analyse economique economic and sector work - ESW 6tudes 6conomiques et sectorielles economic benefits avantages 6conomiques economic cost coOt 6conomique economic indicator indicateur 6conomique; indice de l'activit6 6conomique; indlcateur de conjoncture economic interest [oil, minerals) intert economique economic Internal rate of return see economic rate of return economic life duree utile; duree de vie economic man sujet, agent 6conomique; homo economicus economic management gestion de lteconomie, economique economic performance performance de l'economie; resultats 6conomiques; comportement de l'economie economic price; efficiency price prix 6conomique economic rate of return - ERR; taux de rentabilite econom.que economic Internal rate of return - EIRR economic recovery loan - ERL pret au redressement 6conomique [World Bank] economic rent rente economic table see comprehensive economic table economic unit cellule 6conomlque; agent econornique economies of scale 6conomies d'6chelle -75 - edit (texts for publication) mettre en forme edited by pubiib sous la direction de; mis en forme par editor r6dacteur; directeur de publication; bditeur educational educational achievements r6sultats scolaires educational background see background educational guidance orientation scolaire educational material mat6riel didactique, pedagogique educational status degre d'instruction education benefits [World Bank] prestations 6ducation education facilities 6tabiissements scolaires; centre d'enseignement effective effective see also cost effective effective date date d'entree en vigueur effective demand demande effective effective exchange rate taux de change effectif [see also real effective exchange rate] effective interest rate taux d'interet effectif effective protection protection effective effective protection coefficient coefficient de protection effective - EPC effective rate of protection taux de protection effective effective subsidy ratio coefficient de subvention effective - CSE effectiveness see conditions of effectiveness; cost effectivenesss effectiveness of an agreement entr6e en vigueur d'un accord - 76 - effects method [project appraisal] m6thode des effets efficiency price; economic price prix economique efficiency price; efficient price; coOt marginal & long terme long-run marginal cost - LRMC [electricity tariffs] efficiency wage, eamings salaire economique Egyptian millet; Egyptian wheat see millet 18% currency [MOV] monnaie des 18 % 18% currency amounts out on loan fractions pret6es et non remboursees [MOVY de la monnaie des 18 % elasticity of demand 61asticMte de la demande elasticity of substitution 6lasticitM de substitution [see also constant elasticity of substitution] elastic money monnaie 6lastique electronic funds transfer - EFT transfert de fonds 6lectronique eligibility; eligibility conditions admissibliite; recevabilitb; conditions a remplir; criteres de provenance [passation des march6s]; crit&res (d'attribution, de selection, d'acces, d'octroi, etc.) eligible currency monnaie agrMe eligible paper effets bancables emergency assistance secours d'urgence emergency reconstruction loan - ERL pret a la reconstruction Emerging Markets Growth Fund - EMGF Fonds de promotion des marches naissants [IFC] eminent domain domaine eminent; droit d'expropriation enabling legislation loi portant autorisation; autorisation l6gislative encashment [IDA] realisation des bons - 77 - enclave project projet enclave encroachment d6frichage (illicite en foret); empietement; progression (du desert); envahissement end use (of a commodity) utilisation finale energy energy see also alternative energy; biomass energy; commercial energy; constant energy intensity; conventional energy; net energy ratio; optimal energy mix energy affiliate filiale 6nergie energy assessment evaluation du secteur 6nergetique energy audit bilan energ6tique; audit energetique energy balance bilan energ6tique energy cascading utilisation sequentielle d'energie energy conservation economies d'6nergie; utilisation rationnelle de l'energie energy cropping cultures energetiques energy-efficient a bon rendement energetique energy gap deficit 6nerg6tique energy-intensive a forte intensite d'energie; gros consommateur d'energie energy lending prets a l'energie energy rationalization mattrise de l'energie energy-saving device economiseur (d'energie) Energy Sector Assessment Programme d'evaluation du secteur Programme [IBRD/UNDP1 energetique Energy Sector Management Programme conjoint PNUD/Banque mondiale Assistance Programme - ESMAP d'assistance a la gestion du secteur [IBRD/UNDP] energ6tique - ESMAP engineer see civil engineer; highways engineer; water engineer -78- engineered road route en terre moderne; route a caract6ristiques etudi6es, 6levees engineering engineering see also design; design engineering; detailed design, engineering; environmental engineering; financial engineering; heavy (engineering) industry; preliminary design, engineering engineering consultant ingAenieur-conseil engineering department service technique engineering design dossier technique; 6tude d'ingenierie; plan d'ing6nierie; projet d'ingenierie engineering development conception, mise au point technique engineering industry Industries mecaniques engineering, preliminary see preliminary design, engineering engineering studies avant-projet; etudes techniques; etudes d'ingenierie enhanced recovery [oil] recup6ration assist6e, amelior6e enrollment ratio taux d'inscription; taux de scolarisation [see also gross (primary) enrollment ratio] enrollments effectifs; inscriptions; nombre d'inscrits entrance, access, leading channel; chenal d'acces fairway entrep6t trade commerce de transit; commerce en entrep6t entrepreneur chef d'entreprise; entrepreneur entrepreneurship esprit d'entreprise entries see accounting entries environmental engineering amrnagement de l'environnement environmental health, sanitation hygiene du milieu; salubrite du milieu; assainissement du milieu environmental impact assessment 6valuation des effets sur l'environnement - 79 - epidemic disease [livestock] 6pizootie equalization (of currency fluctuation 6galisation, repartition equitable (des risks) [currency pool] risques) equalization fund caisse, fonds de p6r6quation equalizing discount rate; crossover taux d'indiff6rence; taux d'egalisation des discount rate valeurs actuelles; taux d'actualisation critique equalizing rate of return taux de rentabilite d'indifference equilibrating capital flow flux de capitaux compensateurs equilibrium exchange rate taux de change d'equilibre equilibrium income revenus (en situation d') 6quilibre equillbrium model see computable general equilibrium model equipment materiel; engins; 6quipement; outillage equipment grant subvention d'6quipement equity equity fonds propres; valeur nette; patrimoine; prise de participation; capitaux propres; capital social; 6quitM [ustice sociale] [see also capital; cash equity; non-equity direct Investment; no-return equity; quasi-equity; real estate equity; return on equity; stockholders' equity] equity [stock exchange]; common action ordinaire share, stock; ordinary share equity capital; capital stock capital social (of a corporation) equity feature [IFC] option de conversion (d'un pret en participation au capital) [SFI] equity investment participation au capital; prise de participation au capital social equity grant dotation en capital equity Interests prises de participation - 80 - equity-like instrument instrument participatif equity line [IFC] ouverture de cr6dits pour la prise de participations equity loan pret sous forme de prise de participation; pret participatif equity ownership participation au capital social d'une societe (owners') equity plus medium- and capitaux permanents; fonds permanents; long-term debt; investment capital; ressources permanentes, stables; invested capital; capital parfols: capital social equity ratio ratio capitaux propres/actifs equity subscription [IFC] souscription au capital [SFI] equity-type loan pret participatif equity underwriting engagement de prise de participation escalation see price escalation clause; tariff escalation escalation clause [prices] clause de revision (des prix) escalator clause; escalation clause; clause de revision des prix price adjustment clause [contracts] escalator clause [wages] clause d'indexation; clause d'6chelle mobile escape, break, jeopardy clause clause de sauvegarde escrow account compte de garantie bloque estimates of quantities see preliminary estimates of quantities Eurobonds euro-obligations Eurocurrency market marche des euromonnaies, des eurodevises Eurodollars eurodollars Euroissues euro-emissions European Currency Unit - ECU unit6 mon6taire europeenne - ECU - 81 - European flotations emissions lancees en Europe European Unit of Account - EUA unft6 de compte europeenne - UCE Eurosterling eurosterling evacuation road piste de debardage [forOti; vole d'acheminement, d'6coulement [betail, marchandises] evaluated portfolio [IFC] valeur estimative du portefeuille Evaluation Capability Development programme de developpement des capacit6s Program [IBRD] d'6valuation retrospective evaluation [projects] evaluation retrospective evaluation mission; audit mission mission d'6valuation r6trospective evidence [ICSID] preuve; moyen de preuve examination of bids examen des offres; depouillement des offres examination (of witnesses or interrogation experts) [ICSID] examiner see bank examiner ex ante analysis analyse ex ante ex ante financing gap insuffisance de financement ex ante ex ante real interest rate taux d'int6ret reel ex ante excellence center [education] centre d'excellence; centre d'6tudes avancees excess capacity capacite exc6dentaire, inutilis6e excess profit rente [economics not finance] exchange exchange see also foreign exchange exchange adjustment ajustement de change - 82 - exchange allocation allocation de change exchange arbitrage arbitrage de change exchange budget budget de devises exchange control contr6le des changes exchange control regulations r6glementation des changes exchange cost coOt en devises exchange discount perte au change; perte de change exchange equalization account compte d'egalisation, de perequation des changes exchange market see foreign exchange market exchange premium ben6fice au change; plus-value de change exchange rate differential differentiel de change; 6cart entre taux de change exchange rate policy politique de change exchange risk risque de change exchange stabilization fund fonds de stabilisation des changes; partfois: caisse de stabilisation des changes exchange system r6gime des changes excise tax imp6t Indirect; droit de consommation; droft d'accise; droit d'excise exclusive economic zone - EEZ zone de souverainete economique execute an agreement signer un accord executing agency [UNDP] agent d'excution; organisation chargee de l'execution (d'un programme) executive executive cadre de direction; cadre superieur Executive Board see Board of (Executive) Directors - 83 - Executive Director Administrateur executive offices Bureau du President executive project summary - EPS r6sum6 analytique d'un projet [IBRD] executive summary r6sum6 analytique ex factory price; price ex factory; prix sortie usine; prix d6part usine factory gate price exhaustion of local administrative epuisement des recours or juridical remedies [ICSID] administratifs ou judiciaires internes exit bond bon de sortie exit value; current exit value; valeur actuelle; valeur venale net realizable value [UK] [accounting] ex-officio [ICSID] de plein drolt; es-qualite expansionary policy politique d'expansion expatriate expatrie expatriate benefits [World Bank] prestatlons d'expatrlatlon expectation [mathematics] see expected value expected value; expectation; esperance math6matique mathematical expectation [mathematics] expendable equipment materiel consomptible, fongible, non durable expense, to; to write down amortir de facon d6gressive; inscrire dans un compte de charge; d6biter, crediter un compte de charge expense account compte de charge expert appraisal expertise expertise competences; connaissances techniques, sp6clalis6es; technicit6; parfols: experts - 84 - explanatory variable; predictor variable explicative exploration exploration [p6trole]; prospection exploratory drilling forage exploratoire exploratory mission mission d'etude exploratory research recherche exploratoire export export adjustment loan - EAL pret a l'ajustement des exportations export and export-related industries travaillant directement ou industries indirectement pour l'exportation; industries d'exportation at assimilees export credit credit & l'exportation export development fund - EDF fonds de developpement des exportations - FDE export earnings, proceeds recettes d'exportation; produit des exportations export-enclave economy economie tributaire d'un seul produit d'exportation export-oriented a vocation exportatrice export-oriented investment investissement porteur d'exportations - IPEX export parity price prix paritaire a l'exportation export processing zone - EPZ zone franche industrielle; zone franche de transformation pour l'exportation export rehabilitation project projet de relance des exportations - ERP [IBRD] export-related industries see export and export-related industries export shortfall deficit (des recettes) d'exportation export subsidy prime a l'exportation ex post cofinancing cofinancement 'apr&s coup" - 85 - ex post evaluation evaluation ex post ex post real interest rate taux d'interet r6el ex post exposure engagement; risque; part des risques; part de financement maximale; montants engag6s; pour la SFI souvent: participation; volume des Investissements [see also bank exposure; country exposure] exposure diversification diversification des risques; division des risques extended family famille 6largie extended linear expenditure system - systeme lineaire de d6penses developpe ELES [mathematical models] extended payment plan vente a temperament extender [gasoline] charge; diluant extension extension prolongation [contrats]; reconduction [programmes] extension [agriculture] vulgarisation; encadrement extension [building] agrandissement; locaux supplementaires; extension extension agent, worker agent de vulgarisation; vulgarisateur; encadreur; animateur rural; moniteur [see also field-level extension worker] extension officer inspecteur, responsable de la vulgarisation [see also agricultural extension officer] external external (transactions) account compte exterTeur; compte des operations avec l'exterieur; compte reste du monde external audit v6rificatTon externe des comptes external auditor verHicateur externe des comptes -86- external bond Issue 6mission obligataire exterieure, des obligations exterieures external debt outstanding encours de la dette ext6rieure external debt reporting system systeme de notification de la dette exterieure external liabilitles engagements ext6rieurs external (payment) position position des palements exterieurs external review mission mission de contr6le ext6rieur external transactions account see external account externalities [projects] effets extemes; effets induits [projets] externalities and linkages [projects] effets externes et induits extraordinary budget see special budget - 87 - - F - face value valeur nominale facilities see education facilities facility m6canisme; Installation; ouvrage; dispositf; 6quipement(s) factor factor cost, at (f.c.) au coOt des facteurs factor income revenu, r6munbration des facteurs factor income payments palements au titre du revenu des facteurs factor price prix des facteurs factoring affacturage factory farming production industrielle factory gate price; ex factory price prix sortie usine; prix depart usine fairway see entrance channel, fairway fallacy of composition erreur de composition; erreur de gbneralisation family planning planning familial; planification de la famille family woodlot bosquet familial FAO/IBRD Cooperative Program Programme de coopbration FAO/BIRD FAO/UNIDO/Wordd Bank Working Group on Groupe de travail sur les engrais Fertilizers FAO/ONUDI/Banque mondiale farm farm exploitation agricole farm budget budget d'une exploitation farm gate price prix a la production, au producteur -88- farm Income revenu agricole farmer paysan; agriculteur; cultivateur; planteur; exploitant agricole; producteur agricole farming system systbme d'exploitation; mode de faire-valoir farming systems research - FSR recherche sur les systemes agraires farming techniques m6thodes, pratiques culturales farming unit exploitation agricole; unite de production agricole fast disbursing (loan); quick (pret a) d6caissment rapide disbursing loan fattening engraissement; embouche feasibility study 6tude de faisabilite, factibilite fecundity fertilit6 Federal funds fonds f6d6raux fee(s) commission (p.ex. banques); droit; redevance; frais; r6muneration; retribution; honoraires; tantieme; cotisation [see also backup facility fee; commitment charge, fee; cost plus fixed fee contract; cost plus percentage fee contract; front-end fee; guarantee commission, fee; harbor dues, fees; management fee; percentage (fee) contract; registration fee; service and support fee; slaughterhouse fee; stumpage fee; tuition fees; user charges, fees; zero fee policy] fee-based services services payants fee for lodging requests [ICSID] droit pour le dep6t des requetes feed feed aliments du bWtail [see also mixed feeds; supplemental feed] feed balance; feed estimate bilan fourrager feed conversion ratio indice de consommation -89 - feed estimate wse feed balance feed grains cereales fourrageres feedlot parc d'engraissement; atelier d'engraissement; pr6 d'embouche feed supplement; supplement aiiments compi6mentaires feed unit unite fourragbre feedback (of information) Information en retour; retroaction; retour d'informadion; diffusion en retour; r6troinformation; r6utilisation des donnees feedback loop chalne de retroaction feeder road route d'accbs; piste agricole, rurale; piste de production, de collecte; route de desserte feedstock matiere premiere de procede fellow JEDI] ancien participant ferry bac; navire transbordeur fertility rate taux, indice de fecondite fertilization fecondation; fumure; apport(s) d'engrais; fertilisation; amendement fertilizer application epandage des engrais fertilizer unit; unit of fertilizer unite fertilisante fiber crop plante textile field field terrain; champ; domaine; secteur; discipline; gisement; gite [see also coal field] field agent agent de terrain field assignment, mission mission a 1'exterieur, sur le terrain -90 field crop culture de plein champ field-level extension worker agent de vulgarisatlon travaillant sur le terrain field mission see field assignment field office bureau ext6rieur field seeds semences de piein champ field staff services ext6rieurs [pour une organisation]; personnel de terrain; agents de terrain [pour un projet] field trip voyage d'6tude; depiacement sur le terrain; mission field unit [agricultural antenne extension] field work travail sur les lieux, sur le terrain, sur place field worker agent de terrain; animateur filing claims [MIGA] constitution du dossier d'indemnisation fill ratio [staff] taux de remplissage final design projet d'ex6cution; plan definitif final design quantities devis metres final goods biens terminaux, finals finance, financial, full pay out lease contrat de location-financement; credft-baill financial financial adjustment ajustement, redressement, assainissement financier financial audit; audit contr6le financier financial claim creance (financilre) financial claims of government prelevement de l'Etat sur les ressources - 91 - financial contingency ai6as financiers financial credit creilt financier; cr6dit acheteur financial deepening augmentation de l'importance des circuits financiers financial engineering ing6nlerle flnanciere financial flows flux financiers financial futures market march6 a terme d'instruments financiers financial intermediary Loan - FIL pret a un interm6diaire financier financial internal rate of return see financial rate of return financial lease see finance lease financial leverage see leverage financial market marche des capitaux [A long terme]; parfois: marche financier financial package plan de financement; montage financier; enveloppe financial paper effet(s) financier(s); papier financier financial performance, results resultats financiers; bilan financier financial, financing plan plan de financement financial rate of return; taux de rentabilit6 financibre internal rate of financial return; financial internal rate of return - FIRR financial ratio ratio financier financial repression r6pression financiere financial restraint, stringency aust6rit6 financiere; compression; parfois: resserrement du credit financial statement etat financier; situation financi6re financial year see fiscal year -92 - financilzation financialisation financing plan see financial plan fineness (of a noble metal) titre (d'un m6tal pr6cieux) fine tuning (of the economy) reglage de preclsion, conjoncturel finishing engraissement; embouche lbovins]; finissage [bols; cuir; papier; plastiques]; appret; ennoblissement; fintion [textile]; raccord [fonderie] firebreak pare-feu; coupe-feu firewood see fuelwood first In, first out - FIFO premier entre, premier sorti first refusal rights; preemptive rights droits de pr6emption fiscal fiscal agent agent financier fiscal balance solde budgetaire fiscal drag erosion fiscale des revenus; freinage fiscal; alourdissement automatique de la pression fiscale fiscal leverage levier fiscal, budg6taire fiscal policy politique financiere; politique budg6taire; [finances publiques] parfois: politique fiscale fiscal revenue recettes financieres, budgetaires, fiscales fiscal transparency transparence fiscale fiscal year; financial year exercice lentreprise]; ann6e budgetaire [pays] fishing grounds lieux de peche; fonds de peche fish landings see landings - 93 - fish products produits a base de poisson, derives du poisson fish stock ressources, r6serves halleutiques fve day biochemical oxygen demand see biochemical oxygen demand over five days fixed fixed asset(s); capital asset(s); immobilisations; immobilisations corporelles permanent assets fixed capital; capital asset(s) capital flxe fixed charge coverage couverture des frais fixes fixed cost contract; fixed price marche a prix forfaitaire; marche a contract forfait fiTxed costs frais, coOts fixes fixed investment investissement en capital fixe; immobilisation fixed price contract see fixed cost contract fixed-rate financing financement a taux fixe fixed term contract contrat de duree determin6e fixed term staff personnel engage pour une dur6e d6termin6e fixed variate; predictor variable explicative fixing see price fixing fixtures petit mat6riel flag of convenience; open registry pavilion de complaisance flag flat rate taux unHforme, forfaitaire; tarif uniforme, forfaTtaire flattening out nivellement; stabilisation; aplatissement (de la courbe d'un graphique) - 94 - fleet [transportation] parc (de vehicules) flexitime horaire a la carte, variable, souple flip chart tableau mobile; fiche mobile; tableau-papier float [banking] moyens de palement a l'encaissement; [see also interbank float] moyens de palement non recouvres; fonds de roulement float a loan 6mettre un emprunt floating floating capital capitaux mobiles, disponibles, flottants floating cash reserve volant de tresorerie floating rate taux flottant, variable floating rate bond obligation a taux flottant; obligation A taux variable - OTV floating rate note bon a taux flottant; bon a taux r6visable floating rice riz flottant flood flood control d6fense contre les inondations; hydraulique fluviale; maltrise des crues flood control irrigation irrigation par submersion controle flood irrigation; spate irrigation irrigation par inondation flood recession crop culture de d6crue flooded rice riz aquatique flooding see controlled flooding floodplain plaine d'inondation floodplain agriculture, cultivation agriculture de decrue floor price prix plancher; prix minimum - 95 - floor rate of exchange taux butoir; taux de change minimum; flotation [bonds] emission flotation costs [bonds] frais d'emission flow flux; mouvement; d6bit [transports] [see also capital flow; capital inflow; cash flow; cash Inflows; concessional flow; discounted cash flow; equilibrating capital flow; financial flows; funds flows; IDA flows; Inflow of capital; nonconcessional flows; official flows; other official flows] flow chart; process chart graphique de procede; analyse de deroulement; graphique dynamique; diagramme de circulation; plan de circulation; graphique operationnel; schema op6rationnel; diagramme de flux flow of funds see funds flow flows (through system); throughput nombre d'6l1ves passant par le systeme [education] scolaire fluidized bed combustion combustion en couche fluidis6e fodder tree arbre fourrager follow-up follow-up suivi; activit6s complementaires; suite a donner follow-up financing financement compl6mentaire follow-up project projet relais follow-up studies etudes complementaires food food chain chalne alimentaire food crop culture vivribre food crop yield productivit6 vivribre food demand program programme d'aide alimentaire food-for-work programme programme "vivres contre travail" - 96 - food grains cer6ales vivrieres food intake ration alimentaire food levels niveaux de nutrition food plant plante alimentaire Food Price Index [IBRD] indice des prix des produits alimentaires food processing industry industrie alimentaire food production production alimentaire, vivriere food ration program programme de rations alimentaires food security securit6 alimentaire footloose industry industrie delocalis6e, mobile, volante forage tree arbre fourrager forage unit unite fourragere - UF force account, by/on en regie forced sale value; liquidation value valeur a casser; valeur & la casse; valeur de liquidation forced savings epargne forc6e foreclosure saisie foregone see forgone foreign foreign accounts [national comptes ext6rieurs accountsl foreign assets avoirs & l'etranger; avoirs exterieurs foreign borrowing emprunt a l'etranger; emprunt exterieur foreign capital (official, capitaux etrangers, exterieurs private) (publics, prhves) - 97 - foreign currency devise; monnaie etrangere foreign currency issue emission en devises Foreign Investment Advisory Service-conseil pour l'investissement Service - FIAS [IFC] 6tranger - FIAS foreign liabilities engagements exterieurs foreign-owned sous contr6le 6tranger foreign tax credit cr6dit d'imp6t 6tranger; imputation de l'imp6t etranger foreign trade commerce exteieur foreign exchange foreign exchange auction adjudication des devises foreign exchange component composante en devises foreign exchange cost coOt en devises foreign exchange market march6 des changes, des devises foreign exchange position position de change foreign exchange premium report foreign exchange reserves reserves de change, en devises foreign exchange resources ressources en devises foreign exchange risk risque de change foreman contremattre [see also head foreman; site foreman] forest forest fallow jachbre forestiere forest logging exploitation des forets forest management am6nagement forestier forest tree arbre forestier - 98 - forestry see social forestry forestry inventory inventaire forestier forfaiting forfaitage forgiveness (of a debt) annulation; remise forgiven tax remise d'imp6t forgone output production sacrifi6e forgone revenues renonciation A des recettes formal formal adherence adhesion officielle formal credit cr6dit institutionnalise formal education enseignement institutionnalis6, theorique, formel, de type scolaire, de type classique formal sector secteur structure, moderne formal vote [ICSID] vote formel format (mode de) pr6sentation; modele formation expenses; organization frais de premier etablissement expenses forward forward cover couverture A terme forward exchange market marche des changes A terme forward exchange rate taux de change A terme forward integration integration en aval forward linkage of an industry liaisons en aval d'une industrie; integration en aval d'une industrie forward-looking prospectif; axe sur l'avenir fossil fuel combustible fossile - 99 - foundation seed semence mere; semence de base founder's share part de fondateur; part ben6ficiaire four-wheel drive vehicle v6hicule a quatre roues motrices; v6hicule tout terrain frame agreement [IBRD] accord cadre framework cooperative arrangement accord cadre de cooperation [MIGA] franchise concession franchise tax imp&t sur les concessions free free alongside ship - FAS franco long du bord - FLB free-enterprise economy; free economie de marchs market economy free (foreign) exchange monnales librement convertibles; change libre free funds [IDA] fonds librement utilisables free in and out - fio de bord a bord free limit [IBRD] plafond des prets librement accordes free-limit loan [DFCs] pret librement accord6 [SFD] free-limit loans, aggregate of montant total des prOts librement accordbs free limit of loan [DFCs] plafond de chaque prst librement accords [SFD] free-limit subloan pret secondaire librement accord6 free market economy see free entreprise economy free on board - FOB, fob franco a bord - f.o.b. free on board (fob) port of prix franco a bord port d'embarquement shipment price -100- free on quay - foq; free on wharf franco qua! - fow free on rail - FOR franco wagon free port port franc free reserves reserves disponibles free rider [economics] resquilleur; profiteur free standing; self-contained ind6pendant; a part entiere, autonome, purement ou exclusivement (sanitaire, p.ex.) free trade libre-echange free trade area zone de libre-echange free trade zone - FTZ zone franche freeze (of salaries, prices, etc.) blocage [see also price freeze; wage freeze] freeze drying lyophilisation freezing see value freezing fresh fruit bunch - FFB r6gime de fruits frais fresh water eau douce frictional unemployment ch6mage frictionnel fringe areas zones periph6riques, marginales; domaines marginaux fringe benefits avantages soclaux, compl6mentaires; prestations sociales, complementaires; compliment de salaire front-end cost coOt initial front-end fee commission d'ouverture frontier technology technologie de pointe front-end prepayment fee [IFC] commission initiale de remboursement anticipe - 101 - front-line care [health] soins curatifs primaires front loading; front-loaded concentration des d6penses, des (e.g. spending) remboursements au d6but d'une periode donnee; groupement des d6penses, des remboursements au debut d'une periode donn6e frozen capital capitaux gelis, bloqu6s, immobilises fruit vegetable legume A fruit fuel cell pile A combustible fuel efficiency efficacit6 6nergetique; rendement energetique fuel oil fuel-oil; fuel; mazout; huiles lourdes; fioul fuelwood; firewood bois de feu full full budgeting budgetisation integrale full container load - FCL chargement complet de conteneur full cost accounting; absorption m6thode du prix de revient complet accounting full development, at [project] en regime de croislere; A plein rendement; A maturite full mission mission pluridisciplinaire full pay out lease; finance lease contrat de location-financement; cr6dit-bail fully funded system r6gime fond6 sur la capitalisation fully paid stock; paid-up stock action llber6e functional literacy alphabetisation fonctionnelle funded debt dette consolld6e; dette obligataire [de la Banque mondiale] funding gap d6flcit de financement - 102 - funding lat(t)er maturities financement des dernieres 6cheances funding pro rata participation proportionnelle funds funds flow; flow of funds flux financiers funds flow account tableau des operations financieres - tof funds flow analysis analyse des flux financiers funds flow statement; statement of tableau de financement; tableau des flux change in financial position funds from operations recettes d'exploitation funds-in-trust fonds en dep6t funds statement; statement of tableau de financement; tableau des flux change in financial position fungible interchangeable [personnel]; modifiable; flexible; facile a utiliser; fongible [produit] funk money [UK]; hot money capitaux febriles furrow irrigation irrigation par sillons, infiltration, par foss6s futures Instruments a terme futures market march6 a terme des instruments financiers - MATIF - 103 - -G - galloping inflation Inflation galopante game see management game; negative sum game; plus sum game; zero sum game gang [construction industry] equipe gap deflcit; Acart; hiatus; penurie; fosse (entre les g6nerations) gasohol gasohol; carburol gearing (ratio) [UK]; leverage (ratio) ratio de levier; ratio de structure du passff; ratio de solvabilite-endettement gearing ratio rapport encours des prets/fonds propres; coefficient d'utilisation des fonds propres general General Algebraic Modeling System Systeme de mod6lisation algebrique - GAMS general General Capital Increase - GCI augmentation generale du capital general cargo marchandises diverses general conditions of contract cahier des clauses g6nerales general contractor entrepreneur general general equilibrium analysis analyse de l'equilibre g6neral general equilibrium model see computable general equilibrium model general government [national administrations publiques accounts] general ledger [accounting] grand livre general price level accounting; comptabilite Index6e sur le niveau price level accounting gen6ral des prix -104- general procurement notice avis generai de passation de march6 Genera Reserve(s) [IBRD] Rsserve ghnbrale Generalized System of Preferences systeme g6nkralisM de pref6rences - SGP; - GSP schema de pr6f6rence [pour un pays] generated traffic trafic hiduit generating set, unit; power unit groupe 6iectrogene generation see Income generation generic drug produit pharmaceutique g6nerique geothermal deposit site g6othermique germpiasm plasme germinatif gestation period periode de gestation, d'installation, de maturation gigawatt - GW gigawatt gilt-edged securities valeurs de premier ordre; fonds d'Etat britanniques; valeurs garanties par i'Etat ginning [cotton] egrenage Global Cap Authority [IFC] pouvoir global de cap; montant total des caps autoris6s globalization mondialisation global project [UNDPJ projet mondial Global Swap Authority [IFC] pouvoir global de swap; montant total des swaps autorises GNP price deflator indice de prix implicite du PNB; indice des prix derive du PNB going concern entreprise viable, rentable going price cours du jour; prix en vigueur; prix courant gold hoidings avoirs en or - 105 - gold-pegged currency monnale rattach6e a l'or gold value valeur or goods and services biens et services [6conomie]; fournitures et services [marchesl goodwill clientele; fonds de commerce goodwill clause clause de bonne volonte go public [corporations] 6mettre des actions dans le public; faire appel a l'epargne publique governing law droit applicable government government Etat; services officiels; autorites; pouvoirs publics; Gouvernement; Administration; collectivite locale [au niveau local] government bond obligation d'Etat government expenditure depenses publiques government paper effets publics govemment performance action du gouvemement government receipts, revenues recettes publiques government securities fonds d'Etat; titres d'Etat; effets publics government services administration grace period differ6 d'amortissement; franchise de remboursement; d6lai de grace grade creep inflation des grades; mouvement ascendant des postes grader [construction] niveleuse grade ratio; retention rate taux de retention gradient declivite; pente - 106 - grading see land grading graduate graduate [Bank, IDA] passer du statut IDA" au statut "Banque"; ne plus pouvoir beneficier du financement de la Banque; etre reclasse graduate [high school] bachelier graduate [university] dipl6m6; licencie graduate studies etudes universitaires du troisieme cycle graduated tax imp6t progressif graduation [IBRD] cessation des prets (de la BIRD); reclassement graduation mission [IBRD] mission de reclassement grandfather clause clause de maintien des avantages acquis; clause d'anteriorite grant grant basis, on a a titre gracieux; a titre de don; A fonds perdus grant element e6lment de subvention, de liberalit; element don grant equivalent 6quivalent don grant-in-aid subvention grant-like contribution contribution assimilable & un don grassland prairie; herbages grass root, greenfield plant usine entierement nouvelle grass root(s) level, at the a la base; au niveau de la communaute; au niveau local gravellng; regraveling rechargement -107 - gravel road route en graveleux; route en lat6rite [en Afrique] [see also earth or gravel road] gravity check Irrigation; strip irrigation par planches, a la planche, par irrigation calants, au calant gravity irrigation Irrigation par gravkte gray market see grey market greenfield investment investissement "en rase campagne" greenfield plant; grass root plant usine entierement nouvelle greenfield project projet entierement nouveau green manure engrais verts grey, gray market march6 gris grid r6seau 6lectrique; reseau de distribution [gaz, etc.]; quadrillage; grille [see also power grid] gross gross disposable income revenu disponible brut - RDB gross domestic income - GDY revenu int6rieur brut gross domestic investment - GDI investissement int6rieur brut gross domestic product - GDP produit interieur brut - PIB [see also commercial, commercialized GDP; monetized GDP] gross domestic product at factor produit int6rieur brut au cout des cost facteurs gross domestic product at market produit interieur brut aux prix du prices marche gross enrollment ratio see gross (primary) enrollment ratio gross fixed capital expenditure see gross fixed investments gross fixed capital formation formation brute de capital fixe - FBCF - GFCF - 108 - gross fixed Investments; gross investissement brut en capital fixed capital expenditure fixe gross material product - GMP produit materiel brut gross national Income - GNY revenu national brut gross national Investment - GNI investissement national brut - INB gross national product - GNP produit national brut - PNB gross operating profit b6n6fice brut d'exploitation gross (primary) enrollment ratio taux brut de scolarisation primaire gross (register) tonnage - GRT jauge brute [shipping] groundwater table nappe phr6atique, souterraine ground wire [electricity] cable de garde Group of Seventy-Seven Groupe des soixante-dix-sept Group of Twenty-Four Groupe des vingt-quatre growing concern entreprise en plein essor, dynamique growth lag d6calage de croissance (entre deux pays) growth pattern courbe, profil, sc6nario de croissance guarantee guarantee garantie; cautionnement; sOret6; aval; gage; caution bancaire; ben6ficiaire de la garantie guarantee authority pouvoir de garantie guarantee commission, fee [IBRD] commission de garantie guarantee leverage effet de levier des garanties guaranteed loan [IFC] pret privil6gie [SFI] Guaranteed Recovery of Investment Garantie de recouvrement de I'apport Principal - GRIP [IFC] des investisseurs - GRAI - 109- guidance see educational guidance; vocational guidance guidance planning; Indicative planning planHifcatlon Indicative guidelines directives; principes directeurs; sch6ma directeur guiding price prix indicatH - 110 - - H - halfway country pays moyennement lndustrialise hand over the site to donner acces au chantier the contractor handle, to [goods, transportation] acheminer; recevoir; receptionner; manutentlonner; manipuler; transporter; accueillir handles see tax handles handling charges frais de manutention; frais de tenue de comptes hand pump pompe A motricite humaine; pompe manuelle; pompe A main harbor dues, fees; port dues droits de port hard hard-blend countries pays recevant plus de prets (de la BIRD) que de credits (de l'IDA) hard coal; anthracite charbon maigre hard component [projects] element mat6riel [projets] hard copy sortie imprimAe hard core [international trade] noyau; restrictions residuelles hard core [projects] noyau garanti; noyau irreductible hard currency monnaie, devise forte hard loan pret aux conditions commerciales, du marche hard loan window guichet d'aide non liberale hardening of loan terms durcissement des conditions de pret hardship allowance indemnlt6 de difficulte d'existence, de p6nibilite - 111 - hardware materiel [informatiquel; installations et mat6riel; constructions et 6quipements harmonic mean [statistics] moyenne harmonique harnessing canalisation; captage head foreman conducteur de travaux head gate structure [irrigation] ouvrage de tete head hunting prospection de talents headrace [hydroelectricity] bief d'amont headroom [World Bank] marge de decaissement head tax; poll tax imp6t de capitation; parfois: imp6t personnel; imp6t minimal forfaitaire [France] health health delivery system systbme de soins; systbme de prestation de soins; organisation des soins primaires health facilities formations sanitaires [Afrique] health hazard risque pour la sant6 health post poste de sant6 health services monitoring recherche operationnelle sur les services de sant6 heating oil fuel-oil domestique; fuel domestique heat rate rendement thermique heat value pouvoir calorifique heavily indebted country pays trbs endett6 heavy heavy commodities pondereux heavy (engineering) Industry industrie lourde - 112 - heavy fuel oil fuel-oil lourd heavy industry industrie lourde heavy oil huile lourde hedge hedge [securities market] valeur de refuge hedge buying achat de couverture hedge clause clause de sauvegarde hedge selling vente de couverture hedging hedging; couverture des operations a terme; couverture de risques held portfolio [IFC] ponefeuille (de la SFI) hidden hidden Inflation inflation larvee, latente, masqu6e hidden profits b6n6fices occultes hidden reserves r6serves latentes hidden, disguised, covert, ch6mage occulte, d6guis6 concealed unemployment high high absorber [oil exporter] pays a forte absorption, a haute capacite d'absorption high fructose com syrup - HFCS sirop de glucose a haute teneur en fructose high income countries pays & revenu 61eve high income oil exporters pays A revenu eleve exportateurs de petrole high-power(ed) money monnaie centrale; base mon6taire high school see junior high school high value fish especes de poisson pris6es 113 - high voltage consumer [electricity] client haute tension high yielding variety - HYV [crops] variete a haut rendement - VHR higher Income brackets groupes a revenu NMeve; tranches de revenu superieur higher level staff cadres; personnel cadre higher training 6tudes avancees highest bidder soumissionnaire le plus offrant highland rice; upland rice; riz sec, pluvial, de montagne, mountain rice de savane, de plateau highly indebted country - HIC pays tres endette highly leveraged caract6rise par un fort degre d'endettement; surendett6 Highways Design and Maintenance Modele pour la conception et l'entretien Model - HDM des routes highways engineer ingenieur des ponts et chaussees hillside farming agriculture sur pente hired labor journaliers; main d'oeuvre journaliere hire purchase [UK] location-vente historical cost coOt a l'origine; coOt historique; coOt d'acquisition historical statistics statistique(s) historique(s), r6trospectives historically valued assets avoirs au coOt d'acquisition hog millet see millet holder detenteur; porteur; souscripteur holding company soci6t6 (de) holding; holding; societe de portefeuille holdings [foreign exchange, gold] avoirs [en devises, en or] home-consumed production autoconsommation - 114 - home leave allowance [World Bank] indemnite au titre du conge dans les foyers home leave benefits prestations conge dans les foyers hoof see cattle on the hoof horizontal alignment [highways] trace en plan horizontal integration integration horizontale host country [MIGA] pays h6te, d'accueil, d'implantation Host Organization [ICSID] organisation d'accueil hot money; funk money [UK] capitaux febriles household expenditure survey - HES enquete sur les depenses des m6nages household goods biens d'equipement menager housekeeping measures mesures d'economies (d'energie), d'entretien ameliore tiousing housing see core housing housing estate grand ensemble housing expenses/income ratio; taux d'effort affordability ratio housing plot parcelle d'habitation housing stock parc immobilier; patrimoine de logements human resource development valorisation des ressources humaines human settlements etablissements humains hurdle rate taux critique de rentabilite husbandry see animal husbandry husking; dehusking d6corticage hydrant; standpipe; standpost borne-fontaine; borne - 115 - hydrocracking hydrocraquage hydrodevelopment am6nagement hydroenergetique hydropower; hydroelectric power hydro6lectricit6 - 116 - IDA IDA flows flux d'aide de l'IDA IDA management fee commission de gestion payee par l'IDA IDA Mark 2 IDA bis IDA recipient beneficiaire de l'aide de l'IDA IDA's "free funds" fonds librement utilisables; (liquidites provenant du remboursement de cr6dits; contributions inconditionnelles et revenu net cumulatif) idle cash argent oisif IFC service and support fee commision de service et d'appui illegal housing habitat clandestin illegality clause clause d'illegalite immunity from taxation immunit6 fiscale; exoneration d'imp6ts impact (evaluation) report rapport d'impact impaired investment investissement a provisionner impairment see capital impairment implementation capacity, capability moyens d'intervention, d'execution, de r6alisation, d'administration implementation review bilan d'ex6cution implementing agency organisme d'execution [see also executing agency; owner (of a project)] implementing agreement accord d'ex6cution implicit deflator indice implicite des prix implicit gross domestic product deflateur implicite du produit deflator interieur brut - 117 - implied money control theory theorie du contr6le de I'argent implique import import coefficient coefficient d'importation (ratio des importations a la production totale) import component eiement lmporte; teneur en matieres import6es import coverage ratio taux de couverture des importations import-intensive a forte intensit6 d'importations; generateur d'importations import levy prevement a l'importation import licensing regime des licences d'importation import parity price prix paritaire a l'importation import penetration ratio taux de pen6tration des importations import quota contingent d'importation import subsidy prime a l'importation import substitution remplacement des importations; substitution (de productions locales) aux importations import substitution Industries industries reductrices d'importations import surcharge surtaxe a l'importation importing power of exports capacitb d'importation d6riv6e des exportations imprest account, fund compte d'avances de caisse; compte d'avances temporaires imputed costs coOts fictHfs, th6oriques imputed value valeur d'utilit6 In and out expenses faux frals Inaugural Meeting [ICSID] Seance inaugurale - 118 - in-bond industries industries sous douane incentive stimulant; incitation; mesure d'encouragement; parfois: avantage incentive goods produfts d'incitation incentive payment subvention; prime inception report rapport initial incidence incidence income income resultat(s); revenu; recettes; b6nefice; produft(s) income (and expenditure) account compte de r6sultats income and outlay account compte de ressources et emplois [national accounts] income bracket tranche de revenu income effect effet de revenu income elasticity elasticitb par rapport au revenu; elasticit6-revenu income elasticity of demand 6lasticitb-revenu de la demande income generation formation de revenu income statement [US]; profit compte de r6sultats and loss account [UK] [see also consolidated income statement] income tax [corporations] imp6t sur les benefices income tax return declaration de revenus Income terms of trade termes de l'echange des revenus Incorporation constitution en soclet6; enregistrement -119 - Incremental Incremental benefits avantages additlonnels Incremental budgeting 6tabllssement du budget sur une base dIfflrentieile incremental building, housing habitat evolutif, progressif Incremental capital-output ratio coefficient marginal de capital - ICOR incremental cost coOt marginal, diff6rentiel incremental housing see incremental building incremental net benefit avantage additionnel net incremental rate of return taux marginal de rentabilite; taux diff6rentlel de rentabilite independent auditor commissaire aux comptes independent variable; predictor variable explicative indexed, index-linked bond obligation index6e indexed, index-linked, index-tied loan pret indexe Indian millet see millet indicative planning; guidance planning planification indicative Indicative Planning Figures - IPF [UNDP] chiffres indicatifs de planification - CIP indicative statement [IBRD] plan de travail indicatf indicator see concurrent indicator; convergent indicator; economic Indicator; lagging indicator; leading indicator; main indicator; performance indicators indifference curve courbe d'indifflrence indigenization indigenisation indirect costs; on-costs [UK] frais Indirects indivisibilities facteurs, coOts indivisibles Induced benefit avantage indult induced-by benefit avantage induit en amont induced cost coOt indukt industrial industrial and trade policy pret a l'aJustement de la politique adjustment loan - ITPAL industrielle et commerciale - PAPIC industrial base assise industrielle; base industrielle Industrial deepening augmentation de l'importance du secteur industriel Industrial design esthetique industrielle industrial estate [UK], park [USA] zone industrielle; parc industriel; parfois: grande plantation Industrial goods produits industriels industrial market economy pays industriel a economie de marche Industrial park see industrial estate Industrial relations; relations professionnelles, du travail labor-management relations Industrial transformation redeploiement de l'industrie; conversion industrielle; adaptation industrielle Industry parfois: branche d'activite; secteur; branche industrielle; secteur prive; filiere; branche d'actite marchande [comptabilite nationale] Ineligible irrecevable [choses]; non habilite; n'ayant pas droit; ne remplissant pas les conditions voulues [personnesi Infant industry industrie naissante infant mortality mortalite infantile [see also child mortality] Infected area zone contaminee; aire d'infestation - 121 - inflation accounting comptabilt d'inflation; capitaiisation des effets de l'inflation inflationary expectations anticipations inflationnistes inflationary gap ecart inflationniste inflationary pressures pressions inflationnistes Inflation premium prime de risque-inflation inflation tax taxe d'inflation inflow see also capital inflow; cash inflows; flow inflow of capital entree de capitaux; apport de capitaux informal informal credit creiit non institutionnalise informal education enseignement non scolaire, non formel informal meeting r6union informelle, officieuse informal sector secteur non structur6, non organise, traditionnel, marginal in-house training formation interne, dans l'entreprise initial expenses frais de (premier) etablissement initial operation premieres activites (d'un projet); exploitation initiale initial subscription [IDA] souscription initiale initiating memorandum - IM memorandum initial, de demarrage [World Bank] in-kind costs coOts indirects (services d'experts, etc.) inland fisheries, fishing peche en eau douce inland waters eaux interieures -122 - input Input facteur de production [agriculture]; intrant; moyen; entr6e; dotation; input; apport (en ressources); ressources utilisees; ressources necessaires (au fonctionnement de qch.); consommatlons intermediaires [industrie] [see also cash input; Intermediate inputs; noncash input] input mix dosage des facteurs input-output analysis analyse des echanges interindustriels input-output coefficient coefficient technique input-output model modele entrees-sorties input-output ratio rapport entrees-sorties input-output table tableau (des) entr6es-sorties - tes input subsidy subvention a l'achat d'intrants input supplies approvisionnements en intrants; fournitures d'intrants in-service training formation en cours d'emploi Inside information informations privilgies inside money [banks] monnaie interne insider dealing, trading d6lit d'inities; transactions d'inities installed capacity [electricity] puissance Install6e institutional institutional framework cadre institutlonnel; structure institutionnelle institutional investors investisseurs institutionnels institutional performance efficacite des structures, des institutions institutional programs [IBRD] programmes de renforcement institutionnel Institution building cr6ation, renforcement d'institutions -123- instructional aid aide p6dagoglque; support p6dagogique instrument [ICSID] acte officiei instrument of acceptance instrument d'acceptation insurance see social insurance intake ouvrages de prlse d'eau [irrigation]; contingent; admission I&ducation]; prise en charge [projets sociaux] [see also calorie intake] intangible assets, property biens incorporels; immobilisations incorporelles integrated rural development project projet de d6veloppement rural integre integration see backward-forward integration; backward integration interbank float fonds (interbancaires) en route interchange see course interchange intercompany pricing prix de transfert (entre entreprises) intercropping; intercrop culture intercalaire interest interest see also beneficial interest; conflict of interest; controlling interest; depositor rate of interest; economic interest; effective interest rate; rate of interest on loans interest bearing note effet porteur d'int6rdt interest charges int6rets (pay6s, courus, a courir) interest coverage ratio ratio de couverture de l'int6ret interest during construction - IDC int6rets intercalaires interest earnings see interest income interest equalization tax taxe de p6r6quation d'int6rets Interest income, earnings parfois: revenus des placements; Int6r6ts percus - 12A4- interest leakage fluctuation des taux due a une fuite de capitaux interest not accrued interets non 6chus Interest on overdue payment; Interets moratoires moratorium Interest interest rate cap plafond des taux d'interet interest-rate differential ecart entre les taux d'int6ret; diff6rentiel d'inter6ts interest rate risk risque de perte sur les taux d'interet interest rebate bonification d'int6rets interest service ratio ratio du service des int6r6ts interest subsidy, subsidization bonHfication d'int6rets Interest Subsidy Fund Fonds de bonHifcation d'int6ret [= Third Window] [= Troisieme guichet] interest yield interets Interim Committee Comite int6rimaire interim financial statement 6tat financier int6rimaire interindustry linkages liaisons interindustrielles interlocking debt creances r6ciproques intermediate goods biens interm6diaires intermediate inputs biens, apports, intrants intermediaires intermediation intermediation [see also market intermediation] intermediative borrowing emprunts aupres des intermediaires financiers internationaux internal internal audit v6rification int6rieure des comptes internal audiitor verificateur interieur des comptes -125- internal cash generation; capacite d'autofinancement; internally generated funds; cash cr6ation de liquldlt6s; generation 6pargne brute (d'un secteur) intemal cross subsidy pbr6quation inteme internal exchange rate; modified coefficient de Bruno modifi6 Bruno ratio internal importing costs coOts intemes d'importation Internal rate of financial return; taux de rentabilitb financiere financial rate of return internal rate of return - IRR taux de rentabilitb interne [see also economic rate of retum; financial rate of retum] internally generated funds see internal cash generation international international agricultural centres internationaux de recherche research centers - IARC agricole - CIRA international banking facility - IBF service bancaire international international commodity accords internationaux sur les produits agreements - ICAs de base international commodity organisations internationales sur les organizations - ICOs produits de base International Comparison Project Projet de comparaison international - ICP - PCI international competitive appel d'offres international; bidding - ICB appel a la concurrence internationale International Compilers Groupe de travail international des Working Group on External Debt statisticiens specialises dans la collecte Statistics [WB/IMF/BIS/OECD/ des donnees sur la dette exterieure Berne Union] international credit guarantee fund fonds international de garantie de credit international credit guarantee systeme international de garantie system de credit - 126 - International Development Strategy Strategle intemationale du - IDS developpement international dollar dollar International International Drinking Water Decennie intemationale de 1'eau Supply and Sanitation Decade potable et de I'assainissement intemational financial institutions financilres Institutions - IFIs Intemationales international liquidity liquidite Internationale international payments position position des palements internationaux international reserves r6serves internationales international shopping consultation de fournisseurs a l'echelon international International Standard Industrial Classification internationale type, ClassNfication of All Economic par industrie, de toutes les branches Activities - ISIC d'activit6 6conomique - CITI internship stage; internat [medecine] Intervention currency monnaie d'intervention intervention price prix d'intervention inventory inventory; inventories stocks; stocks et en-cours de production; valeurs d'exploitation inventory control gestion des stocks inventory investment constitution de stocks inventory turnover rotation des stocks Inverted tariff [utilitles] tarHf progressNf invest investir [contexte 6conomique]; placer [contexte financier] Invested capital see Investment capital - 27 - investment investment investissement; placement; mise de fonds; apport de capital; capital investi investment agreement [IFC] accord d'lnvestissement [SFI] Investment bank [US]; merchant banque d'affaires bank [UK] Investment budget budget d'equipement, d'investissement Investment capital; invested capitaux permanents; fonds permanents; capital; capital; (owners') equlty ressources permanentes, stables; plus medlum- and long-term (MLT) parfols: capital soclal debt investment center [accounting] centre d'investlssement investment commitment [IFC] engagement d'investissement investment company, fund socl6t6 de placement collectif; socilte d'investissement [see also closed end investment company, fund; open end investment company, fund] investment gap Insuffisance de l'investissement Investment goods blens d'equipement, de production investment grant subvention d'equipement Investment incentives Incitations a investir investment income revenu(s) des placements investment in real estate placement Immobilier investment insurance assurance des investissements [see also multilateral investment insurance] investment pattern structure de l'lnvestissement investment project projet d'investissement investment return, yield rendement de l'lnvestissement; rentabilite de l'investissement investment review mission [IBRD] mission d'etude des Investissements - 128 - investment tax credit credit d'imp6t pour investissement investment trust see closed-end investment, company fund invisible transactions operations, transactions invisibles [see also surplus on invisibles] invitation to bid, to tender appel d'offres invitation to prequalify [contracts] avis de pres6lection involuntary lending prets forces, involontaires inward-looking [country; policy] autocentrb; introverti; replie sur soi-meme; 6gotiste irrevocable agreement to reimburse garantie irrevocable de remboursement irrigation see basin irrigation; border check irrigation; border ditch irrigation; border irrigation; central pivot sprinkle irrigation; controlled irrigation; corrugation irrigation; drip irrigation; flood control irrigation; flood irrigation; gravity irrigation; runoff irrigation; small-scale irrigation; sprinkle irrigation; strip irrigation; subirrigation; surface irrigation; trickle irrigation; wild flooding island developing country pays insulaire en developpement issued share capital capital 6mis issuer organisme d'emission; 6metteur issues on tap bmission a guichets ouverts, en continu issues paper expose; dossier; etude analytique; document de synthese; S6rie "questions et problemes" [BIRD] issuing bank, bank of issue banque d'emission item [budget] poste (de depenses) [see also tariff item] - 129- jeopardy, break, escape clause clause de sauvegarde jeopardy loan pret menac6; pret en danger jitney taxi-brousse jobbing travail a fagon job job description definition d'emploi; description de poste job grading (re)classement des postes job order accounting methode du prix de revient par commande job-related training formation d'adaptation a l'emploi joint Joint Action Program see Joint Program of Action for Sub-Saharan Africa joint and several conjoint et solidaire joint and several guarantee caution solidaire Joint Audit Committee Comite mixte du contr6le de gestion joint committee comite mixte, conjoint, paritaire Joint Bank/Fund Committee for Comite conjoint de la Banque et du Fonds Review of Certain Elements of pour 1'examen de certains elements du the Staff Compensation System systeme de remuneration du personnel [defunct; replaced by Joint Bank/Fund Committee of Executive Directors on Staff Compensation] Joint Bank/Fund Committee of Comite mixte des Administrateurs de la Executive Directors on Staff Banque et du Fonds sur la remuneration Compensation du personnel Joint Committee of the Boards of Commission mbxte des Conseils de Gouverneurs Govemors (Muldoon Report) (Rapport Muldoon) - 130 - Joint Committee on the Comite conjoint charg6 d'examiner la Remuneration of Executive r6mun6ration des Administrateurs et des Directors and their Alternates Administrateurs suppl6ants joint financing financement conjoint Joint IBRD/UNIDO Cooperative Program Programme mixte de coop6ration BIRD/ONUDI Joint Ministerial Committee of the Comit6 minlst6rieI conjoint des Boards of Governors of the Bank and Consells des Gouverneurs de la the Fund on the Transfer of Real Banque et du Fonds sur le transfert Resources to Developing Countries de ressources r6elles aux pays en (Development Committee) d6veloppement (Comit6 du d6veloppement) Joint Procedures Committee Comit6 mixte de la procedure Joint Program of Action for Programme d'actlon concertee pour I'Afrique Sub-Saharan Africa au sud du Sahara joint stock company soci6t6 en commandite par actions joint venture op6ration conjolnte [tres structuree], en association [SFI]; coentreprise; soci6te a risques communs [dans les cas les plus g6n6raux] joint venture agreement protocole d'actlonnalres; accord de coentreprise jumbo borrowing, loan emprunt g6ant, jumbo; blocage junior creditor cr6ancier non prioritaire junior debt; subordinated debt dette de rang inferieur junior high school etablissement d'enseignement secondaire du premier cycle; college d'enseignement gen6ral - CEG juridical personality; legal existence personnalit6 juridique jurisdiction see territorial jurisdiction justification pi&ces justificatives; document A I'appul de...; argument a l'appui de... - 131 - -K - kernel see palm kernel key data donn6es de base key Interest rates taux d'lnteret directeurs key money rate; central rate taux pivot keynote address, speech discours-programme; discours-th6me; allocutlon principale keynote speaker; keynoter orateur principal kit trousse; coffret; collection; kit; ensemble de pleces; pret-&-monter [see also completely knocked down kit] knapsack spraying pulverisation a dos know-how connaissances techniques; savoir-faire - 132 - labor labor agreement; collective convention collective agreement labor costs frais, depenses de personnel; couts de main-d'oeuvre labor force population active; parfois: main-d'oeuvre labor force penetration; labor taux d'activite force participation rate labor-intensive A forte intensite, A fort coefficent de main-d'oeuvre labor-intensive industry industrie de main-d'oeuvre, grosse consommatrice de main-d'oeuvre labor-management relations; relations professionnelles, du travail labor relations; industrial relations labor market marche du travail labor shed zone de recrutement de la main-d'oeuvre laboratory school; demonstration school 6cole d'application; 6cole experimentale lag; slippage derapage; glissement; derive; retard lag see also growth lag lagging indicator indicateur differe, r6trospectif, tardif Lagos Plan of Action (for the Plan d'action de Lagos (en vue de la Implementation of the Monrovia Strategy mise en oeuvre de la Strat6gie de for the Economic Development of Africa) Monrovia pour le d6veloppement 6conomique de l'Afrique) - 133 - land land betterment tax prelevement sur la plus-value fonciere; taxe de valorisation fonciere land consolidation remembrement des terres land development am6nagement, mise en valeur des terres; parfois: am6rnagement des terrains [urbanisme] land equivalent, equivalency ratio taux d'equivalence en superficie - LER de cultures landfill decharge land grading [irrigatlon] planage land improvement am6nagement des terres; bonification des terres landlocked country pays enclav6, sans littoral landlocked developing country pays en developpement sans littoral land policy politique fonciere land reclamation recuperation des terres; exondation; assainissement; defrichement land reform r6forme fonciere [milieu urbain]; r6forme agraire [milieu rural] land register cadastre land settlement colonisation rurale, agraire; peuplement des terres land survey leve topographique land tax imp6t foncier land tenure rights droits d'occupation; statut d'occupation land tenure system r6gime foncler land use utilisation des sols, des terres land use plan plan d'occupatlon des sols - POS - 134- land use planning ambnagement de l'espace [villes et pbriph6rlel; amenagement du territoire land use ratlo coefficient d'occupatlon des sols - COS landed price prix dbbarqu6, au debarquement landfill see sanitary landfill landing point de debarquement landings [fisheries] arrivages; quantite debarqu6e lapse-of-time decision d6cision par d6faut d'opposition avant une date d6termin6e last In, first out - LIFO demler entre, premier sorti late maturing [crop] tardif latrine see bucket latrine; cistern flush latrine; pit latrine; pour flush latrine; privy; vault latrine; ventilated improved pit latrine law of diminishing returns lol des rendements decroissants layout partl architectural; plan; maquette; disposition; organisation physique, spatiale; plan de masse (d'un projet) layout plan plan d'ensemble lead lead agency organisme chef de file lead bank; lead manager chef de file; teneur de plume lead donor donateur principal lead time of a project p6riode de gestation d'un projet leading, entrance, access channel, chenal d'acces fairway leading Indicator indicateur prbcurseur, prospectif, avance; avertisseur - 135 - leads and lags avances et retards; decalages chronologlques; termaillage leaf vegetable legume feulllu; legume A feuille alimentaire learning learning acquisition des connalssances; apprentissage; formation learning by discovery acquisition des connaissances par les m6thodes actives; p6dagogie active learning by doing apprendre par l'exp6rience; apprentissage par l'action learning curve courbe d'apprentissage learning rate taux d'assimilation, d'acqulsition des connaissances lease see finance lease; operating lease; true lease leaseback cession-ball leasehold cession a ball lease purchase bail avec option d'achat leasing credit-bail; leasing; concession least cost analysis m6thode du moindre coOt least developed countries - LLDCs pays les molns avances - PMA least squares method methode des moindres carr6s leeway; working funds masse de manoeuvre legal legal authority textes portant autorisation legal entity, person personne morale legal existence; juridical personality personnalite Juridique legal force force executolre; force de loi -136 - legal instruments instruments juridiques legal opinion avis juridique legal person see legal entity legal remedy vole de recours legal reserve r6serve l6gale [soci6t6s]; r6serve obligatoire [banques] legal tender instrument de pouvoir lib6ratoire; monnale en cours l6gal lender of last resort preteur en demier ressort; preteur de dernier recours lender of record preteur officiel lending lending agency, institution organisme, institution de pret, de cr6dit lending authority pouvoir de pret lending limit plafond de cr6dit lending pipeline liste, dossier, r6serve de projets lending program programme de pret lending rate [IBRD] taux preteur lending rate; rate of Interest on taux d6biteur loans [commercial banks] lengthman [highway maintenance] cantonnier less developed country - LDC pays en developpement less than carload freight - LCL marchandises, trafic de dMtail less than container load - LCL chargement partiel de conteneur - 137 - letter letter of comfort lettre de confort letter of cooperation [IBRD] lettre de cooperation letter of credit lettre de cr6dit letter of development policy d6claration de politique de d6veloppement [IBRD] letter of information [IFCJ lettre d'information letter of intent d6claration, lettre d'intention letter of Invitation lettre d'invitation letter of sectoral policy [IBRD] d6claration de politique sectorielle letter of understanding protocole d'accord leveling off plafonnement level annuity system (amortissement) par annuit6s (egales); (systeme de remboursement) par annuites level repayment remboursement en tranches egales leverage (ratio) [US]; gearing (ratio) ratio de levier; ratio de structure [UK] du passif; ratio de solvabilit6- endettement [see also guarantee leverage] leverage [verb] exercer une influence; avoir un effet multiplicateur leveraged endette; parfois: caracterise par un fort degr6 d'endettement [see also highly leveraged; underieveraged] leveraged buyout - LBO prise de contr6le par recours a i'emprunt leveraged management buyout - LMBO reprise d'entreprise par les salaries - RES leveraging endettement levy pr6levement; taxe [see also betterment levy] -138- liabilities dettes; passHf; engagements; obligations [see also accrued liabilities; contingent liability; currency liabilities; current liabilitles; deposit liabilities; domestic liabilities; long-term liabilities; reserve liabilities; sight liabilities; sundry liabilities; tax liability; temporary liabilities; unfunded liabilities] liabilities constituting foreign engagement de reserves; engagements qui authorities' reserves; reserve constituent des avoirs de reserve pour liabilities [balance of payments] des autorit6s etrangeres liability management gestion du passHf [see also asset and liability management] UBOR [London interbank offered rate] Libor [taux Interbancaire moyen des eurodollars A Londres] licensing agreement accord de licence; droit d'exploitation de brevet lien s0ret6; nantissement; privilege; (droit de) gage [see also charge] life (of a project) dur6e de vie utile life expectancy esperance de vie; longevite [mat&rielI lifeline tariff tarif minimal lifelong education; recurrent education permanente, continue education; continuing education life of a loan duree d'un pret lift, remove credit restrictions; desencadrer decontrol light Arabian crude; Saudi Arabian brut leger d'Arabie light crude lighterage ac(c)onnage light Industry industrie legere limited international bidding - LIB appel d'offres international restreint limited liability company soclet anonyme limited recourse finance financement avec droit de recours limite - 139- line line department departement d'ex6cution line department, ministry ministere d'excutbon line-haul [transportation] exploitation line item [budget] poste; rubrique line item budget budget par poste line kilometer [seismic surveying] kilombtre lin6aire line management hierarchie line management position poste d'encadrement; poste de responsabilite line manager superieur imm6diat, direct line ministry see line department line position poste operationnel line staff personnel d'ex6cution linear expenditure system [mathematical models] see extended linear expenditure system linear programming programmation lin6aire liner (shipping) conference conference maritime lining see well lining link see UHF link; VHF link linkages relations (interindustrielles) [see also backward-forward integration, linkage; backward Integration, linkage] liquefied natural gas - LNG gaz naturel liqu6fie - GNL liquefied petroleum gas - LPG gaz de p6trole liqu6fi6 - GPL liquid assets portfolio; liquidity portefeuille de liquidit6s portfolio [IFC] liquid assets; quick assets moyens de tresorerie; liquidites; valeurs disponibles 140 - liquidation regiement [dette]; r6allsation [linvestissement] liquidation value; forced sale value valeur a casser; valeur a la casse; valeur de liquidation liquidity liquidity management; liquidity gestion des liqudit6s portfolio management liquidity position position de liquldit6 liquidity ratio coefficient de liquidit6; ratio de liquldite liquidity shortage - penurie de liquidit6 liquidity squeeze crise de liquldit6 liquid ratio; acid test ratio ratio de tresorerie reduite listing (of securities) cotation (de titres en bourse) list price prix courant literacy alphab6tisme; instruction 6l6mentaire literacy education alphabetisation literacy level niveau d'instruction live birth enfant n6 vivant; naissance vivante live load [transportation] poids roulant livestock cheptel (vf); btail; 6levage; troupeau [au niveau national] living area surface habitable load load see also peak load load, base [electricity] charge de base, minimale load bearing capacity; traffic portance bearing capacity - 141 - load factor [electricity] facteur d'utilisatlon [see a/so system load factor] load fund fonds qui pr6leve une commission load limit see axle load limit load, peak pointe de charge; charge de pointe loan see also "A" loan; accrued loan commissions; agricultural sector adjustment loan; apex loan; "B" loan; balloon loan; call loan; carryover loan; club loan; coloan; commodity loan; convertible debenture loan investment; country loan; distressed loan; economic recovery loan; emergency reconstruction loan; equity loan; equity-type loan; export adjustment loan; fast disbursing loan; financial intermediary loan; free-imit loan; free-limit subloan; guaranteed loan; hard loan; hard loan window; indexed, index-linked, index-tied loan; industrial and trade policy adjustment loan; jeopardy loan; jumbo loan; Master Loan Agreement; nonaccruing loan; nonperforming loan; nonpurpose loan; outstanding loans; overage loan; package loan; pipeline loan; policy loans; pooled loan; prematured loan; program loan; project loan; public enterprise rationalization loan; public enterprise reform loan; public enterprise rehabilitation loan; quality loan; quick disbursing loan; rehabilitation import loan; sector adjustment loan; sector loan; secured loan; senior loan; serial loan; soft loan; sovereign loan; sovereign risk loan; standby loan; subloan; subsidiary loan; syndicated loan; technical assistance loan; term loans; time-slice loan; top-rated bank loan; working capital loan loan account compte de pret loan agreement accord de pret loan application demande de pret loan assumption agreement accord de reprise de pret loan capital emprunts loan charges interets et commissions sur les prets loan commitment engagement de pret loan investment investissement sous forme de pret loan officer charg6 de prets (loan) origination fee frais de constitution de dossier; commission d'instruction loan portfolio portefeuille de prets loan proceeds see allocation of loan proceeds - 142 - loan processing constitutlon du dossier de financement; travail de pr6paration du pret/credit loan recovery recouvrement du pret local local authority see local government local competitive bidding; appel a la concurrence dont la publicite competitive bidding in accordance est faite localement; appel a la with local procedures concurrence locale local cost; onshore cost coOt en monnale nationale local currency monnale nationale; monnaie locale local employee [IBRD] agent recrute localement local govemment; local collectivit6 locale; administration authority locale local shopping consultation de fournisseurs a l'bchelon national localization (of staff) lndigenisation locked in [capital gains] acquis; r6alise lock In [interest rates] Otre contraint, condamne (a payer des taux d'int6ret elev6s pendant longtemps) [sens n6gatif]; s'assurer, profiter (de taux d'int6ret favorables) [sens positif] locked up capital capitaux immobilis6s, bloques lock gate price; sluice price prix d'ecluse logging coupe; exploitation forestiere; diagraphie; carottage [mines] [see also forest logging] logging truck camTon grumier long-run average Incremental cost - LRAIC coOt marginal moyen & long terme long-run marginal cost - LRMC; coOt marginal & long terme efficiency price; efficient price [electricity tariffs] - 143 - long-term long-term blended cost rate - LTB panachage de long terme - PLT [IFC] long-term debt ratio ratio d'endettement A long terme Long-term Facility for Financing ligne de cr6dit A long terme pour Purchases of Capital Goods by le financement des achats de biens Developing Countries d'6quipement de pays en developpement long-term liabilities passif a long terme; dettes a long terme long-term prime rate - LTPR taux de base A long terme loss loss manque a (gagner, prodcuire); perte (de change, p.ex.); freinte (de route) loss in weight; waste [commerce] freinte loss leader produit d'appel loss provision; reserve for losses provision pour pertes losses and write-offs (articles, sommes, etc.) passes par pertes et profits low low absorber [country] pays A falble capacite d'absorption low income country pays A falble revenu low income people les economiquement faibles low load factor consumer client A faible utilisation [electricity] low standard road route construite selon des normes modestes low voltage consumer client basse tension [electricity] lower middle Income country - LMIC pays A revenu interm6dlaire, tranche Inf6rieure - PRITI - 144 - lower secondary education premier cycle de 1'enseignement secondaire lowest bid offre la plus basse lowest bidder soumissionnaire le moins-disant [see also second lowest bidder] lowest evaluated bid offre jugee la plus avantageuse lowland rice riz de bas-fonds lump sum borrowing [IFC] emprunt global lump sum contract marche a forfait lump sum contract [consultants] contrat a forfait lump sum price montant forfaitaire; prix forfaitaire, global lumpy demand demande irreguliere, en dents de scie lumpy investment gros investissements concentres - 145 - - M - main(s) [noun] conduite principale [eaux]; collecteur [6gout] main contractor; prime contractor maltre d'oeuvre mainframe computer grand ordinateur main indicator indicateur pilote main power grid [electricity] reseau principal maintenance maintenance entretien; maintenance [batiment, genie civil, p6trole] maintenance see also corrective maintenance; deferred maintenance; normal maintenance; preventive maintenance; routine maintenance; scheduled maintenance maintenance of value - MOV (of IBRD capital) maintien de la valeur maintenance of value agreement accord relatif au maintien de la valeur maintenance unit brigade d'entretien; 6quipe de cantonnier major currency grande monnaie; monnaie principale mnanageable dans des limites raisonnables; maniable; contr6lable; faisable; acceptable managed economy economie dirig6e managed funds fonds geres management management management; gestion; organisation; direction; r6glage; r6gulation; conduite; exploitation; am6nagement; personnel de direction; cadres superieurs [see also asset and liability management; cash management; collegial management; comanagement; demand management; economic management; labor-management relations; liability management; line management; liquidity management; middle management; participative management; project management; range management; risk management; shade management; supply management; water management; watershed management] - 146 - Management [World Bank) direction [Banque mondiale] management accounting comptabilite de gestlon management audit contr6le de gestion management auditor contr6ieur de gestion management by objectives - MBO direction par objectlfs - DPO management chart; performance chart tableau de bord management company societ6 de gestion management consultancy firm entreprise specialisee en conseil de direction management consultant conseillier en gestion; conseiller de direction management contract contrat de gestion management development perfectionnement des cadres; formation A Ia gestion; amelToration des m6thodes de gestion management fee commission de direction; commission syndicale; commission de gestion; frais de gestion management game jeu d'entreprise management group see managing group management information system - MIS systbme d'information, informatique de gestion management letter [auditing] note a la direction managerial accounting techniques quantitatives de gestion; parfols: comptabiflte de gestion managing group groupe de direction; syndicat de direction mandatory planning planification autoritaire, Imperative man-day journ6e de travail; homme-Jour mangrove rice riz de mangrove - 147 - man-month contract contrat bas6 sur les hommes-mois foumis manpower development valorisation des ressources humaines; perfectionnement de la main-d'oeuvre manpower planning etude previslonnelle des besoins de main-d'oeuvre; planification de la main-d'oeuvre; planification du personnel; planification des ressources humaines manufacturer fabricant; industriel; constructeur manufacturing grade, quality meat viande destin6e a la transformation Manufacturing Unit Value (MUV) Index Indice de la valeur unitaire des produits [World Bank] manufactur6s mapping see school mapping marginal marginal marginal; limite; tangent; d'appoint; parfois: leger; mineur marginal benefit avantage marginal marginal capacity cost - MCC coOt marginal de capacite marginal cost coOt marginal [see also long-run marginal cost] marginal cost pricing tarHfication au coOt marginal marginal disutility dbsutilftA marginale marginal efficiency of capital efficacite marginale du capital marginal propensity (to propension marginale (a consume, to save, etc.) consommer, & epargner, etc.) marginal reserve requirement coefficient marginal de reserve marginal soil(s) sols peu fertiles marginal utility utilWtH marginale - 148 - margin of preference; domestic prefbrence accordee aux entreprises preference nationales; marge de preference marital status situation de famille marker, benchmark crude [oil] brut de reference marker, benchmark price [oil] prix indicatif, de ref6rence market market-clearing price prix d'6quilibre (du marche) market-eligible countries pays qui ont accbs aux marches financiers market failure mauvais fonctionnement du marche; defaillance du marche "market-in-hand" agreement contrat 'march6 en main' market intermediation intermediation financiere market price prix du marche market-related lending prets aux conditions du march6 market value valeur v6nale marketability possibilite de vente, d'6coulement marketable securities titres negociables marketing commercialisation [prod uits]; placement [titres]; promotion [p.ex. p6trole] marketing arrangement(s) accord de commercialisation; dispositions commerciales marketing board office de commercialisation mark-up marge commerciale, b6neficiaire; majoration de prix; taux de marque marshal evidence, to [ICSID] rassembler des preuves marshalling yard gare de triage - 149 - mass media medias; organes, moyens de grande information mass production fabrication, production en (grande) serie Master Loan Agreement Accord de pret entre la Banque et la SFI master plan plan directeur matched funding [IFCO financement jumele, couple matching credit credit reciproque [see also tax sparing] matching payment paiement de contrepartie maternal and child health - MCH; mother protection maternelle et infantile - PMI; and child health - MCH protection de la sante de la m6re et de l'enfant - PSME mathematical expectation; expected esperance mathematique value matrix reporting subordination a plusieurs autorites maturation (of borrowers reclassement from IDA to IBRD loans) mature investments [IFC] investissements arrives a maturite, qui commencent a rapporter mature project projet en regime de croisiere maturity (of a loan, bond, etc.) 6ch6ance; dur6e (d'un pret, d'une obligation, etc.) maturity mismatch asym6trie des 6cheances; manque de concordance des 6ch6ances; manque de synchronisme des 6ch6ances maturity transformation transformation d'ech6ances maximum likelihood method m6thode du maximum de vraisemblance maximum sustainable yield - MSY rendement maximum soutenable McNamara Fellowship bourse McNamara -150- mean annual Increment - MAI [forestry] croissance annuelle moyenne meat processing transformation de la viande mechanical completion [projects) installation des demiers equipements mechanization services [agriculture] services de motoculture medium absorber [oil exporter] pays A moyenne capacite d'absorption medium voltage consumer client moyenne tension membership membership [IFC] affiliation membership application demande d'adh6sion membership shares [Wouid Bank] part d'adheslon membership votes voix d'adhesion memo Item see memorandum entry, item memorandum memorandum account compte d'ordre memorandum entry, item; memo item (poste) pour memoire Memorandum of Administrative Memorandum sur les arrangements Arrangements [ICSID] administratlfs memorandum of law memoire jurldique memorandum of understanding protocole d'accord Memorandum to the Executive M6morandum aux Administrateurs Directors memorial [ICSID] mbmoire merchandise balance; balance of trade balance commerciale merchandising marchandisage merchant bank; Investment bank banque d'affalres merger absorption -151- merit goods blens tutblaires; blens d'interet social merit increase augmentation au m6rite messages [agricultural extension] themes (de vulgarisation) metal works constructions m6talliques Metals and Minerals Price Index [IBRD] Indice des prix des metaux et mineraux metering Installation de compteurs; systeme de compteurs; comptage [see also bulk metering] meter rent [electricity] redevance de comptage MIBOR [= Madrid Interbank Offered Rate] MIBOR [taux interbancaire moyen des eurodollars a Madrid] microdata microdonnees microteaching micro-enseignement middle middle income country pays a revenu interm6dialre middle income oil exporters pays a revenu intermediaire exportateurs de p6trole middle income oil importers pays a revenu Intermedialre importateurs de petrole middle management cadres (moyens) midpoint estimate; central estimate point m6dian (d'une fourchette) midterm project review mission mission d'examen (d'un projet) & mi-parcours [World Bank) Midterm Review - MTR [IDA] examen a mi-parcours Midyear Review [budget] examen de milieu d'exercice midyear review examen a mi-parcours MIGA Preparatory Committee Comitb pr6paratoire de l'AMGI - 152 - millet; pearl millet; cattail millet; mil; petit mil; mil A chandelle; Indian millet; African millet; Egyptian ml penicillaire; mi perie millet; East Indian millet; rag millet; African cane; Egyptian wheat; baJra [= Pennisetum typhoides; P. glaucum] millet; proso; broom corn millet; millet; millet commun; millet A grappe broom millet; hog millet [= Panicum miliaceum] milling yield rendement A l'usinage millions of barrels per day oil millions de barils equivalent equivalent - mbdoe petrode par jour - mbepj minehead price valeur & la sortie de la mine mineral deficiency carence en sels min6raux mineral lick; salt lick pierre A lecher; salegre mineral waste minerai de rebut mine run coal; run-of-mine coal charbon tout-venant minimum cash ratio coefficient minimum d'encaisse minimum cash requirement encaisse minimum obligatoire minimum package project projet d'intervention minimum mining industrie extractive, miniere; mines minority threshold minorite de blocage misallocation of resources mauvaise affectation des ressources mismatch contre-transformation; decalage entre les echeances misprocurement [IBRD] passation des marches non conforme aux Directives; contravention, infraction aux regles de passation de marches mission see appraisal mission; audit mission; composite mission; extemal review mission; field mission; full mission; graduation mission; investment review mission; midterm project review mission; post appraisal mission; preappraisal mission; review mission; supervision mission - 153- mix combinalson; dosage; composition; amaigame; panier; corbeille; gamme mixed mixed cropping polyculture mixed enterprise entreprise d'economie mixte; societe d'economie mixte mixed farming systeme de production agricole mixte mixed farming project projet agropastoral mixed feeds aliments compos6s mixed fertilizer; compound engrais compose fertilizer mixed financing; blend financing financement mixte (BIRD/IDA) mobile clinic dispensaire itin6rant mobile training unit unite mobile de formation; antenne de formation mobilization advance [contracts] avance de demarrage mobilization costs coOts d'installation de chantier mobilization payments [procurement] avances model bid documents dossier type (d'appel d'offres) model school; demonstration school ecole d'application; 6cole experimentale modified Bruno ratio; internal coefficient de Bruno modifie exchange rate monetary monetary aggregates agregats mon6taires monetary correction correction monetaire monetary cover couverture de l'emission monetaire monetary ease assouplissement monetaire (politique d') -154- monetary restraint resserrement monetaire monetary stringency austerite mon6taire monetary survey situation monetaire monetization passage a l'economie mon6taire; mon6tisation monetized GDP PIB mon6taire money money at call; call money argent au jour le jour; credit & vue, a tres court terme; avances a vue money center banks banques install6es sur les principales places financieres money Income revenu monetaire money market marche monetaire, de I'argent money market (mutual) fund; mutual fonds commun de placement fund money market paper instruments du marche monetaire money market rate taux du march6 mon6taire money stock; money supply masse monetaire; parfois: disponibilit6s monetaires money wage salaire nominal moneyness liquidit6 monitorable contr6lable; vrifiable monitoring suivi; contr6le (continu); surveillance monitoring and evaluation - M & E suivi et 6valuation monoculture; sole cropping monoculture Monrovia Strategy for the Economic Development of Africa see Lagos Plan of Action - 155 - moratorium Interest; Interest on int6r6ts moratoires overdue payments mortgage bank banque (do cr6dlt) hypoth6calre; lnstftution de cr6dft foncler mortgage financing pr#ts, cr6dkts hypoth6caires most-favored-nation (MFN) clause clause de la nation la plus favorls6e most seriously affected pays les plus gravement touch6s countries - MSAs mother and child health; maternal and protection maternelle et Infantile - PMI; child health protection de la sant6 de la mere et de 1'enfant - PSME mother and child health (MCH) center centre de protection maternelle et infantile (PMI) motivator [family planning] animateur motor octane number - MON indice d'octane mountain rice; upland rice riz sec, pluvial, de montagne, de savane, de plateau moving average; running average moyenne mobile mulching paillage multicropping see multiple cropping multicurrency clause [loan contract] clause multidevises multidwelling house immeuble collectif Multifibre Arrangement - MFA Arrangement multifibres - AMF multigrade teaching systeme de la classe unique Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agence multilat6rale de garantie Agency - MIGA des Investissements [see also MIGA Preparatory Committee] multilateral Investment Insurance assurance multilaterale des investissements -156 - Multilateral Investment Insurance Agence multflatWale d'assurance Agency - MIIA des Investissements [now Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency - MIGA q.v.] multilateral trade negotiations - MTN negoclations commerciales multilat6rales - NCM multimedia training modules [EDI] modules de formation multim6dia multimodal transport transports multimodaux multioption facility - MOF facilite A options multiples multiple multiple choice questions questions a choix multiples multiple cropping culture multiple (multiple) (currency) option bond obligation avec option de change; obligation avec option monetaire multiple stage tax imp6t en cascade multiplier see credit multiplier multiplier effect effet multiplicateur multipurpose berth poste a quai polyvalent multipurpose project projet polyvalent, integre multisectoral general equilibrium model modele d'equilibre general multisectoriel multivariate technique technique A plusieurs variables albatoires multiyear rescheduling arrangement accord de r6echelonnement pluriannuel - MYRA municipal engineer lng6nleur VRD mutual fund see money market (mutual) fund mutually exclusive projects projets s'excluant mutuellement mutually offsetting entries inscriptions s'annulant mutuellement - 157 - - N - narrow money monnaie au sens 6troit; masse mon6talre au sens 6troit national accounts comptabiit nationale; comptes de la nation, nationaux natural gas liquids - NGL liquides de gaz naturel - LGN natural wastage; attrition attrition; diminution naturelle des effectifs near cash instruments instruments quasi monetaires near money; quasi-money quasi-monnaie negative pledge clause clause de nantissement negative, de ne pas faire, n6gative, pani passu negative rate of interest taux d'interet negatif negative sum game jeu a somme n6gative negative term transformation transformation a 1'envers; antitransformation negotiated contract march6 de gr6 a gr6 net net cash requirements besoins nets de tresorerie net cash revenue cr6ation nette de liquidit6s net discounted value valeur actuelle nette - VAN net energy ratio - NER taux d'energie nette - TEN net factor service income revenu net des services de facteurs net income (for period) resultat de 1'exercice; b6nefice net [corporation] net material product - NMP produit mat6riel net - PMN net of taxes hors-taxes; nets d'imp6ts 1 58- net out, to exprimer en chlffres nets net present value In efficiency valeur actuelle nette exprlm6e prices - ENVP en prbx bconomiques net present worth, value valcur actuelle nette - VAN - NPW, NPV [see also social net present value] net profits Interest [oil] participation du concesslonnaire net realizable value [UK]; exit value valeur actuelle; valeur venale net register tonnage - NRT jauge nette net reproduction rate - NRR taux net de reproduction - TNR net unrealized gain plus-value latente nette net worth; stockholders' equity fonds propres; capitaux propres; [corporations] situation nette net worth [individuals, fortune; patrimoine net; situation nette; private corporations] actifs nets netback value; back value [energy] valeur nette network analysis analyse de reseaux network diagram diagramme des liaisons logiques New International Economic Order - NIEO nouvel ordre 6conomique international newly industrialized country - NIC pays nouvellement industrialise newly industrializing country - NIC nouveau pays Industriel - NPI "new style" project [IBRD] projet "nouveau style" night soil vidange; gadoue nitrogen, nitrogenous fertilizer engrais azote nitrogen fixation fixation de l'azote no load fund fonds qui ne preleve pas de commisslon 159 - nominal nominal effective exchange rate taux de change effectif nominal nominal protection protectlon nominale nominal protection coefficient - NPC coefficient de protection nominale nomlnal rate of protection taux de protection nominale nominal service service minimum nominated subcontractor sous-traitant propose nomination presentation de candidature; designation nonaccrual status, in a dont les Int6rets Impay6s ne sont pas comptabillses nonaccrulng loan; nonperforming loan pret non productif nonassoclated gas gaz non associl nonbank bank; nonbank financial banque non bancaire; Institution institution financilre non bancaire - IFNB nonbudgeted expense frais non Inscrit au budget nonbulk traffic transport de prodults condltionnes noncallable [bond] ne pouvant Otre amorti(e) par anticipatlon noncash noncash expenses charges calcul6es noncash input facteur de production non financier noncash Item posto hors-calsse noncash operating expenses charges d'exploitation non monetaires noncash working capital fonds de roulement autre que les disponibilites nonconcessional non concessionnel -160- nonconcessional, nonconcessionary flux de capitaux a des conditions flows non liberales; flux d'aide non liberale noncore activities activites satellites noncore project projet non essentiel non debt-creating flows ressources non generatrices d'endettement non-equity direct investment investissements directs autres que les participations nonexpendable equipment materiel durable, non consomptible, non fongible, permanent nonfactor services - n.f.s. services non facteurs; services a 1'exception des revenus de facteurs Non-Food Agricultural Price Index Indice des prix des produits agricoles [INDEX] non alimentaires nonformal education education non formelle, parascolaire nonfuel minerals mineraux non combustibles nongovernmental organization - NGO organisation non gouvernementale - ONG nongrant expenditures depenses non subventionnees nonincremental (costs) (couts) non imputables au projet, non lies au projet noninterest bearing note bon ne portant pas interet nonmarket economy economie planifite nonmarket services [national accounts] services non marchands nonnegotiable note bon non negociable nonoil developing country pays en developpement non producteur de petrole nonoperating (net) Income revenu, resultat (net) hors-exploitation nonperforming assets avoirs non productifs - 161 - nonperforming debt cr6ances non productives, immobilisees nonperforming loan; nonaccruing loan pret non productif nonpermanent housing logement en materiaux non durables non-portfolio project [IFC] projet hors portefeuille nonprice competition concurrence hors prix nonprofit organization; not-for-profit organisme A but non lucratif organization nonproject aid aide hors-projet nonproprietary name nom generique nonpurpose loan pret A affectation non determin6e nonrecourse finance financement a forfait, sans recours nonrecourse participation participation A forfaRt, sans recours nonrecurring expenses depenses non renouvelables nonreporting nonmember country pays non membre non declarant nonstock corporation soci6t6 civile nontariff barrier obstacle non tarifaire; barribre non tarifaire nontradable [noun] biens non echangeables nontraded goods biens ne faisant pas l'objet d'echanges internationaux nontraded tradable; tradable but bien exportable non exporte; bien nontraded (item, good) importable non importe "no objection" (procedure) (proc6dure A) approbation tacite no recourse sale vente inconditionnelle no-return equity prises de participation non rentables; prises de participation non productives normal maintenance entretien normal, usuel - 162 - not applicable - n.a. sans objet - s.o. not available - n.a. non connu - n.c. note note [capital markets] bon; obligation (see also deep discount note; demand note; discount note; floating rate note; interest bearing note; noninterest bearing note; nonnegotiable note; promissory note; Treasury note] note deposit [IDA] dbpot de bons note Issuance facility - NIF facilit6 d'6misslon d'effets note Issue 6mission fiduclaire not elsewhere specified - n.e.s. non d6nomm6 ailleurs - n.d.a. not-for-profit organization see nonprofit organization notice to proceed [contracts] ordre de service not included elsewhere - n.i.e. non inclus ailleurs - n.i.a. nuclear housing; core housing habitat evolutKf; cellules e61mentaires; logement embyronnalre; cellule de base nucleus estate plantation Industrielle, mere numeraire unit6 de compte nurse see practical nurse; registered nurse nurse crop; cover crop plantes de couverture; culture de couverture nutrient requirements besoins nutritifs nutrients 6l6ments nutritifs nutritional deficiency carence nutritionnelle nutritional supplement compl6ment nutritionnel - 163- objection to jurisdictlon [ICSID] declinatolre de competence objective function [economic analysisJ fonction objectif occasional earnings recettes occasionnelles ocean freight rate Index Indice des taux de fret maritime off-balance-sheet item poste hors bilan office automation bureautique official official capital capitaux publics official debt dette officlelle official development assistance - ODA aide publique au d6veloppement - APD official export credit cr6dits publics a l'exportation official flows [development] apport de fonds publics; flux de capitaux publics officlal holdings avoirs officiels off-market transaction transaction hors-marche off-season, out-of-season crop cultures de contre-salson offset agreements accords compensatoires offshore offshore assembly see offshore processing offshore bank banque off-shore offshore cost coOt de fabrication a l'etranger offshore drilling forage en mer, off-shore, sous-marin offshore field champ, gisement off-shore, sous-marin - 164- offshore market march6 hors-frontiere offshore processing, assembly operations de montage a l'etranger offtake see run-of-river offtake offtake [livestock] disponible exploitable offtake rate [livestock] taux d'exploitation off-the-job training formation en dehors du poste de travail off-the-shelf goods biens standards off-the-shelf price prix dans le commerce off-the-shelf purchases achats directs dans le commerce oil oil see also heating oil; heavy oil; heavy fuel oil oil bill [national] facture petroliere oilcake tourteau ol6agineux oil fired power station centrale au mazout oil (drilling) rig, platform plate-forme de forage petrolier oil sands sables petrollfHres oil seeds graines oleagineuses oil shale schistes bitumineux oil shock choc petrolier Onchocerciasis Control Programme Programme de lutte contre l'onchocercose onchocerciasis; river blindness onchocercose on-costs [UK]; indirect costs frais indirects one-stop agency organisme polyvalent, multiservices, centralisateur, a tout faire; comptoir (financier) on-farm consumption autoconsommation - 165 - on-farm developments, improvements am6nagements terminaux, au niveau de l'exploitation on-farm research - OFR recherche a la ferme onlending; onward lending retrocession onshore continental; sur terre; national onshore cost; local cost coOt en monnale nationale on site sur place; sur le chantier; individuel (p.ex. assainissement) on-the-job training formation sur le tas onward lending; onlending retrocession open open cast, open cut mining see open pit mining open economy economie ouverte open-ended commitment engagement indetermine open-ended contract contrat de dur6e ind6termin6e open-ended group groupe a composition non limit6e open-end (investment) fund; unit societe d'investissement & trust [UK] capital variable - SICAV open-hearth steelmaking fabrication de l'acier Martin open market "open market"; parfois: marche financier open market operations operations d'open market open pit, open cast, open cut, exploitation a ciel ouvert strip mining open registry flag; flag of pavilion de complaisance convenience open tender; public tender adjudication publique, ouverte open unemployment ch6mage declare, connu - 166 - opening of a letter of credit 6tabiissement d'une lettre de credit opening of bids ouverture des plis; depouillement des offres opening stock [livestock] nombre d'animaux en debut de p6riode operating operating account compte d'exploitation operating budget budget d'exploitation operating deficit deficit d'expioitatlon operating department service d'ex6cution, fonctionnel, charge de 1'expioitation operating expenses, costs d6penses, charges de fonctionnement, d'exploitatlon operating income, profit resultat d'exploitation operating lease contrat de location-exploitation operating losses pertes d'exploitation operating profit see operating Income operating program [IBRD] programme d'op6rations operating ratio coefficient net d'exploitation operating subsidy subvention d'exploitation, de fonctionnement operating surplus excedent d'exploitation operation(s) [projects] op6rations; activit6s; interventions; exploitation [transports, etc.] operation account [franc zone] compte d'op6ratlons operational Operational Assistance - OPAS (UNDP] assistance operationnelle - ASOP operational department [IBRD] departement op6rationnel - 167 - Operatlonal Manual Statement - OMS directive du Manuel opiratlonnel Operatlonal Monthly Summary Etat mensuel des projets operational, operatlons research recherche op6ratlonnelle Operatlonal Regulations (MIGA] Rbglement op6ratlonnel Operations & Malntenance - 0 & M exploitation et entretlen operator conducteur d'engins; machiniste; operateur; exploltant; conducteur [transports] opportunity cost coOt d'opportunite, d'option, de renoncement [see also social opportunity cost] optimal energy mix composition 6nergetique optimale option bond see multiple currency option bond orail procedure [ICSID] proc6dure orale oral rehydration therapy - ORT traitement de r6hydratation par vole orale order for work changes ordre de service de modifications de l'ouvrage orderly marketing arrangements - OMA arrangements de commercialisation ordonn6e, d'organisation du (de) marche(s) ordinary least squares (OLS) method m6thode des moindres carr6s ordinaires ordinary share; common share action ordinalre organizational structure structure administrative; organisation; organigramme organization & methods - 0 & M organisatlon et m6thodes - 0 & M organization expenses; formation frais de premier 6tablissement expenses orlentatlonal (subjects) (matleres) d'orlentation original issue discount bond obligation a prime d'emission - 168 - origination fee frals de constitution de dossier; commission d'instruction origin tax Imp6t a la production other oficiai flows - OOF autres apports du secteur public - AASP outage leiectriclty] panne; coupure; interruption outgrower petit planteur; piantation artisanale, villageolse, satellite outlay account [national accounts] compte d'utilisation du revenu out-migration; rural exodus exode rural out-of-school education 6ducation extrascolaire, parascolaire out-of-school youth jeune(s) d6scolaris6(s) out-o-season crop; off season crop cultures de contre-saison outpatient treatment soins ambulatoires outplacement d6crutement; placement a l'ext6rieur; conseils en reintegration output production; rendement; produit final; extrant; resultats; realisations; sortie; [education] promotion; flux de sortie; nombre de sortants, dipl6mes outreach outreach activities activites de vulgarisation, d'animation; parfois: antenne; services exterieurs outreach post antenne outreach program programme a grand rayon d'action, de vulgarisation, d6centralis6 outreach worker animateur outright sale vente pure et simple outside money [banks] monnaie externe - 169 - outsourcing achat de composants, de pieces a l'btranger outstanding outstanding bonds, securities, obligations, valeurs, actions shares, stock en circulation outstanding drawings tirages en cours; encours des tirages outstanding external debt encours de la dette exterieure; dette ext6rieure non amortie outstanding loans pr4ts non amortis; encours des prets outward-looking, outward-oriented pays ouvert sur 1'extlrieur country outward-looking policy politique d'ouverture overaccruals charges comptabilisees en trop overage loan pret destine a couvrir un 6ventuel depassement des coDts overdesigned de conception trop ambitieuse; surdimensionn6 [installations] overdesigned project projet trop complexe; projet surdimensionne overdraft economy economie d'endettement overdraft facilities d6couvert; ligne de credit overemployment suremploi overexpenditures depassement de cr6dit overexposed lourdement engage overexposure concentration excessive des risques overfishing surexploitation des ressources halieutiques overgeared surendett6 overgrazing surcharge (des paturages); surpaturage - 170 - overhang reliquat; excbdent; volant Es.. also debt overhang] overhaul [equipment] rbviser overhead capital Investissoment (d'lnfrastructure) [see also social overhead capitall overhead costs; overheads frals g6n6raux overlnvestment surinvestissement; exces d'Investissement overlay [highways] couche d'enrobe overnight funds argent au jour le jour ovemight maturity 6cheance d'un jour overprice gonfler les prix overrun see cost overrun; time overrun overseas allowance prime, indemnite d'expatriation overshoot depasser; aller trop loin overshooting surr6action; suralustement overstaffed en sureffectif [entreprises]; en surcapacit6 [secteur] oversubscription [capital markets] souscriptlon excedentaire oversupply production, offre excedentaire over-the-counter market; curb market marche hors-cote over-the-counter securities titres hors-cote owned or controlled by sous le contr6le int6gral ou majoritaire de owner (of a project); Implementing maltre de l'ouvrage agency; client owners' equity; stockholders' equity fonds propres; capitaux propres; situation nette - 171 - (owners') equity plus medium- and capitaux permanents; fonds permanents; long-term debt; Investment capital ressources permanentes, stables; parfols: capital social ownership (of a corporation) controle; repartftion, structure, origine du capital [see also equity ownership] ownership structure (of a company) structure, origine du capital social own price elasticity; price elasticity Mlasticit6 par rapport au prix; 6lasticit6-prix - 172- Pacific Rim countries pays du Pacffique; pays riverains du Pacifique; pays du Bassin du Pacifique package programme; ensemble; enveloppe; apport; lot [passation des march6sJ; dossier; prospectus de promotion [commerce] [see also benefit package; bid package; financial package; minimum package project; policy package; rescue package; slice and package; software package] package [agriculture] programme, ensemble de techniques agricoles package loan [IFC] pret global; pret consenti par la SFI i une banque nationale de developpement pour l'octroi de prets a des PME paddy rice paddy paid-in (share) capital capital verse, libere paid-up capital capital entierement lib6re paid-up stock; fully paid stock action lib6r6e palm kernel palmiste palm kernel oil huile de palmiste palm oil huile de palme Panel member [ICSID] personne dont le nom figure sur la Liste (de conciliateurs ou d'arbitres) Panel of Conciliators, Arbitrators Liste de conciliateurs, arbitres [ICSID] panel of experts jury, groupe, liste d'experts paper [finance] papier; effets; titres [see also commercial paper; eligible paper; financial paper; government paper; money market paper] paper profit bWn6fice comptable, fictif, theorique parallel economy; black economy 6conomie clandestine, parallele, souterraine parallel financing financement parallele - 173- parastatal [noun] entreprise parapublique, semi-publique, parastatale [Belgique; Zaire] parchment coffee cafe parche parent bank banque d'orgine; banque mere parent body organisme de tutelle; instance superieure parent company societ6 mere parl passu clause clause par! passu Paris agreement; Plaza II agreement; Accord du Louvre Louvre agreement parity price prix d'6quivalence; prix de parite Part I countries [IDA] pays de la Premiere partie [IDA] Part 11 countries [IDA] pays de la Deuxieme partie [IDA] partial budget; unit activity (crop) budget partiel budget participation certificate; pass-through titre de participation a un pool certificate de prets participation rate; labor force taux d'activit6 penetration participative management direction participative partly knocked down - PKD partiellement demonte partner countries pays partenaires partnership societe de personnes; partenariat party (to proceeding or to the partie (a l'instance ou au dispute) [ICSID] differend) par value parite [change]; pair; valeur nominale [titres] pass rate [education] taux de passage, de promotion pass-through audit [IBRD] procedure abregee d'evaluation retrospective des projets -174 pass-through certiflcate; titre de participation A un pool participation certificate de prets pastorallst pasteur, eleveur patching; spot patching, improvement point A temps; emplol partiel; [highways] parfois: reflachage pattern see disbursement pattern; growth pattern; investment pattern; trade pattern pattern of disease sch6ma pathologique paved road route revetue, bitumAe pavement design etude de la chauss6e pavement strength resistance de la chauss6e pavement width emprise de la chauss6e payable on demand exigible, payable a vue pay-as-you-earn - PAYE; pay-as-you-go retenue A la source [taxation] pay-as-you-go system [social security] reglme fonde sur la repartition payback period temps, d6lal, perlode de recuperation, de recouvrement, d'amortissement, de remboursement; temps de retour payload charge utile payment arrears arrieres de palement payment basis, on a A titre onereux payments position (of a country) situation des palements (d'un pays) payments restrictions restrictions de palements payoff remboursement; amortissement; dernier versement; pot-de-vin payout date date de versement; date de la mise en paiement payroll etat de pale payroll tax Imp6t sur les salaires - 175 - peak load pointe de charge; charge de pointe peak (load) shaving; peak (load) ecretement de la demande de pointe shedding [electricity] pearl millet see millet peg, to (prices, Interest rates) encadrer; aligner sur; rattacher sur peg out, to [surveying] piqueter; bomer; r6perer pelagic fish especes p6laglques penalty clause clause pbnale pension finance unit service de placement des fonds de retraite penstock [hydroelectricity] conduite forc6e pent-up demand demande comprimee, refoul6e P/E ratio; price/earning ratio coefficient de capitalisation des resultats - CCR; rapport cours-b6n6fices per capita income revenu par habitant percentage (fee) contract [consultants] contrat au pourcentage percentage point point de pourcentage per diem indemnite journaliere perennial crop culture vivace, perenne, permanente perfect competition; pure competition concurrence parfaite performance performance bilan; r6sultats obtenus; action; comportement (professionnel); performance (de l'6conomie); activites; rendement (p.ex. 6levage); efficaclt6; realisations; prestations; ex6cutlon (d'un contrat); tenue (des prix) [see also economic performance; financial performance; Government performance; institutional performance; project performance (audit) report; tax performance ratio] - 176 - performance bond garantie fournie par une compagnie de garantie ou d'assurance; performance bond performance budget budget de realisation (performance budget) performance chart; working table; tableau de bord management chart performance contract contrat-plan; contrat-programme performance evaluation [personnel] notation (du personnel); rapports periodiques performance guarantee [consultants] garantie de bonne fin performance indicators indicateurs de performance performance monitoring contr6le de gestion; contr6le d'execution; contr6le (suivi) des resultats, des performances Performance Planning and Review Systeme de planification et d'evaluation - PPR des prestations du personnel performance requirements [contracts] exigences fonctionnelles performance security [contracts] garantie de bonne ex6cution; garantie de parfait achevement performance specifications caracteristiques de performance performing assets actifs productifs; objectifs productifs; crit6res de performance, de realisation (periodic) review clause clause de rendez-vous permanent assets; fixed assets immobilisations; immobilisations corporelles permanent housing logement en dur perpetual bond obligation perp6tuelle personal exemption [tax] abattement & la base personal stock; registered stock actions nominatives Personnel Manual Statement directive du Manuel du personnel - 177 - pest and disease control lutte phytosanRtaire; protection phytosanitaire pest resistant variety variete resistante aux parasites pharmaceutical chemistry chimie fine phase out, to 6liminer progressivement phase out period [IBRD] phase de transition phase out program [IBRD] programme de transition Philippines formula [MOV] formule des Philippines phosphate rock; rock phosphate phosphate (naturel) [engrais; general]; phosphorite [g6ologie] physical physical assets biens corporels, materiels physical commodity l'effectHf [commodity exchange] physical contingencies provision pour aleas d'execution; provision pour aleas techniques physical facilities installations; locaux physical infrastructure infrastructure mat6rielle physical investment investissement mat6riel physical planner amrnageur physical planning am6nagement du territoire Physical Quality of Life Index Indice de la qualRt materielle - PaU de la vie piecemeal economy 6conomie partielle pigeon pea pois cajan piggyback financing financement gigogne piggyback project projet gigogne - 178 - pioneer Industry branche d'activite plonniere, d'avant-garde pioneering research recherche de pointe piped water eau sous conduite, courante pipeline loan, credit pret en reserve, sous dossier pipeline of projects liste, dossier, reserve de projets pipeline project projet en r6serve, sous dossier actif, potentiel pithead power plant centrale miniere pit latrine latrine a fosse pit privy cabinet a fosse planning see aggregative planning; blueprint planning; comprehensive planning; development planning; family planning; Indicative Planning Figures; land use planning; mandatory planning; manpower planning; Performance Planning and Review; physical planning; population planning; regional planning planning, programming, budgeting rationalisation des choix system - PPBS budg6taires - RCB plant plant equipement; usine; installations; centrale; groupe 6lectrogene [electricite] [see also base load station; biogas plant; biomass (power) plant; coal fired power station; diesel (fired) power plant; oil fired power station; pithead power plant; steam plant; step-down power station; step-up power station] plant and equipment immobilisations plant breeder see breeder plant breeding selection des plantes plant cover couverture vegetale plant diseases phytopathologie plant populatlon population v6getale planting material mat6riel de plantation - 179 - Plaza Agreement Accord de New York; Accord du Plaza pleadings [ICSID] conclusions pledge (of shares) [IFC] nantissement (d'actions) pledging annonce de contributions plot, housing parcelle d'habRtation plot, test parcelle exp6rimentale plot servicing viabilisatlon des parcelles plowed-back profits benefices r6investis plus, positive sum game jeu a somme positive point see basis point policy policy-based lending; policy prets a l'appui, en faveur de reformes loans [IBRD] Policy Framework Paper - PFP document-cadre de politique economique policy instruments moyens d'action; instruments, mesures d'intervention policy-oriented sector lending prets a l'appui de r6formes sectorielles policy package train de mesures; programme d'action policy paper document de politique g6n6rale poll tax; head tax; capitation imp6t de capitation; parfois: imp6t personnel; imp6t minimal forfaitaire [France] pool see also borrowing pool; currency pool Pool-Based Lending Rate System systeme de taux preteurs base sur un pool d'emprunts pool-based variable lending rate taux preteur variable bas6 sur un pool d'emprunts - 180- pooled loan pret du pool pooling mise en commun; centralisation; mutualisation "poor man" crop culture du pauvre population planning planification demographique port port authority administration portuaire; r6gie portuaire; port autonome (de) port charges, tariffs frais de port port dues; harbor dues, fees droits de port port of entry price see cost, insurance and freight port of entry/border point price port of shipment price see free on board port of shipment price portfolio portfolio income revenu des placements portfolio investment investissement de portefeuille; parfois: prise de participation portfolio sale cession de portefeuille, de titres portfolio securities valeurs de portefeuille position paper note de synthese; prise de position positive sum game; plus sum game jeu a somme positive post, health poste de sant6 post appraisal mission mission de postevaluation posted price prix affich6 posted values mercuriale postgraduate studies 6tudes universitaires sup6rieures; hautes etudes universitaires - 181 - postqualification of bidders verification des capacit6s financibres et techniques de l'entrepreneur pour flush latrine latrine a chasse d'eau manuelle poverty line; poverty income threshold seuil de pauvret6 Poverty Task Force [IBRD] Groupe d'etude sur la pauvret6 power power [energy] 6lectricite; parfois: 6nergie power grid, network reseau 6lectrique power plant, station see base load station; biogas plant; biomass (power) plant; coal fired power station; diesel (fired) power plant; oil fired power station; pithead power plant; steam plant; step-down power station; step-up power station power system reseau 6lectrique; systeme de production d'electricite power takeoff - PTO prise de force power unit; generating set, unit groupe 6lectrogene practical nurse aide-soignante practice school; demonstration school ecole d'application; 6cole exp6rimentale preamble to an agreement; recital pr6ambule, considerants, attendus of an agreement d'un accord preappraisal mission mission de preevaluation prearranged sales of vente de participations avec accord participations [IFC] prealable predatory price prix de dumping; vente a perte; prix de bataille; prLx de bradage predevelopment work [oill actMvit6s prealables a la mise en valeur predictor; predicated, independent, variable explicative explanatory variable; fixed variate; regressor [statistics] preemptive rights; first refusal rights droits de preemption - 182- preference, preferential margin; pr6f6rence accord6e aux entreprises domestic preference nationales; marge de pr6f6rence preferential treatment traRtement pr6ferentiel preferred stock actions privil6gi6es; actions de priorite prefinancing prefinancement preinvestment study, survey etude de pr6investissement preliminary design, engineering avant-projet; avant-projet sommaire - APS preliminary estimates of quantities avant-mWtr6 preliminary question [ICSIDJ question pr6alable prematured loan pret dont on exige le remboursement anticipe prematuring exigibllite anticipbe premium premium [foreign exchange] report premium [securities] prime; agio premium [stocks] prime d'emission premium see also inflation premium; price premium; quality premium premium on prepayment [IBRD] prime de remboursement anticipe premium sale vente a prime Preparation Report Rapport de preparation Preparatory Assistance to the Government Mission d'assistance preparatoire (Mission) - PAG au gouvernement prepayment [IBRD] remboursement anticip6 prequalHfication documents dossier de pr6s6lection prequalHfication of bidders pr6qualification des soumissionnaires present value, worth valeur actuelle, actualls6e - 183- present worth of an annuity factor valeur actualisee d'une annuite donnbe present worth of a stream of future valeur actualisee d'une succession income d'annuites President's Report Rapport du President pressures on the land surexploitation des terres (due a la pression demographique) presumptive taxation Imposition forfaitaire prevailing market rate cours du marche prevalence [disease] prevalence (d'une maladie) prevent(at)ive maintenance entretien pr6ventif price price adjustment, escalation clause; clause de revlsion des prix escalator clause price contingencies provision pour hausse des prix; provision pour al6as financiers; provision pour Imprevus financiers price differential, spread 6cart entre deux prix, de prix price discount rabals price-earning ratio; P/E ratio - PER coefficient de capitalisation des resultats - CCR; rapport cours-b6n6fices price effect effet de prix price elasticity; own price 6lasticit6 par rapport au prix; elasticity elasticit6-prix price escalation clause see price adjustment clause price ex factory; ex factory price prix sortie usine; prix depart usine price fixing fixation des prix; parfois: entente illicite sur les prix price freeze blocage des prix - 184- price Inelasticity in6easticit6-prix; inelasticite par rapport aux prix price level accourning; general comptabilite indexbe sur le niveau price level accounting g6nbral des prix price list bareme des prix; catalogue; liste de prix; tarif price mairtenance see resale price maintenance price maker, setter d6cideur de prix price premium surprix price quotations [contracts] demande de prix; prix donn6s par le(s) fournisseur(s) price range fourchette de(s) prix price setter; price maker decideur de prix price signals signaux donnes par les prix price spread see price differential price subsidy subvention aux prix price support soutien des prix price swing fluctuation des prix price taker preneur de prix priced bill of quantities m6tr6 d'bvaluation; bordereau de prix priced offer offre chiffr6e (avec indication de prix) pricing policy poiltique des prix; politique tarifaire [services publics] pricing system [financial markets] formule de fixation du taux d'interet primary primary commodity, product produit primaire primary energy energie primaire - 185- primary equity capial lib4r6 primary exporting country pays exportateur de produits primaires primary health care soins de sante primaires primary lender preteur d'origine primary producing country pays de production primaire primary product see primary commodity primary reserves reserves primaires primary road route principale prime prime bill effet de premier ordre prime borrower emprunteur bien cote, tres solvable, de premier ordre prime, principal, main contractor maitre d'oeuvre prlme rate taux de base; taux privil6gie principal montant en principal; principal principal contractor see prime contractor principal (income) earner soutien de famille Principles of Staff Employment [World Principes regissant les conditions Bank) d'emploi du personnel printout sortie imprimee; imprim6 d'ordinateur private voluntary organization - PVO organisation ben6vole privbe privy see aqua privy; latrine; pit privy problem project projet a problemes problem-solving approach [education] mhthode active procedural law; adjective law lo! de procedure; regles de procedure - 186- procedural orders [ICSID] ordonnances de procedure proceedings compte rendu; r6sum6; debats; d6lib6rations; actes; transactions; proces; poursuites Vuridique] proceeds produft (d'un emprunt); montant (d'un pret) proceeds per unit of outlay produit par unite de depense process chart; flow chart graphique de procbd6; analyse de deroulement; graphique dynamique; diagramme de circulation; plan de circulation; graphique operationnel; schema operationnel; diagramme de flux process control contr6le de fonctionnement process engineering ingenierie de procede processing usinage; transformation; traitement; conditionnement; ouvraison [matibre premibre]; suite donn6e; instruction (d'un dossier) processing of a loan constitution du dossier de financement; travail de preparation du pret/crbdit procurement procurement achats; approvisionnements [procurement wee also bulk procurement] procurement agent sp6claliste de la passation des marches Procurement Manual Statement directive du Manuel de la passation des marches procurement (procedures) (procedures de) passation des marches (publics) producer gas gaz pauvre; gas de gazogene producer goods biens de production producer price prix a la production; prix au producteur; prix depart usine 187 - producers' values [national accounts] valour d'acqulsltlon product In hand contract contrat *produit en main' production build up montee en production production possibility curve; courbe des possibilltes de production transformation curve production-sharing contract contrat de partage de la production productive capacity capacite, potentiel de production product mix structure de la production; gamme de production, de produits; types de speculations [agriculture] product wage salaire exprim6 en unit6s de produits professional services services speclalis6s professional staff cadres profit profit b6n6fice; profit; plus-value profit and loss account [UK]; compte de resultats income statement [US] profit center [accounting] eentre de profit profit making & but lucratif profit margin marge b6nbficlalre profit on sales of investments plus-value sur cesslons d'investissements profit sharing participation aux b6nefices; int6ressement profit squeeze compression des b6n6fices; laminage des b6n6fices profit(s) tax imp6t sur les b6nefices profitable rentable; lucratif; r6munerateur pro forma invoice facture pro forma - 188 - program program aid aide-programme program budget budget de programmes program contract contrat-plan; contrat de plan program evaluation and review technique d'evaluation et de technique - PERT contr6le des programmes - PERT Program for Special Assistance (to Programme d'assistance speciale (de la Member Countries) [World Bank] Banque mondiale aux pays membres) program loan, lending pr8t-programme progress progress certificate [IBRD] etat de remboursement progress chart graphique d'ex6cution [see also construction progress chart] progress payment acompte; paiement echelonne progress report; status report rapport d'activite; rapport sur l'etat d'avancement (d'un projet) project project see also Africa Project Development Facility; bankable project; behest project; "best effort" project; core project; enclave project; executive project summary; export rehabilitation project; follow-up project; global project; greenfield project; integrated rural development project; International Comparison Project; investment project; mature project; midterm project review mission; minimum package project; mixed farming project; multipurpose project; mutually exclusive projects; "new style' project; noncore project; non-portfolio project; overdesigned project; piggyback project; pipeline project; problem project; quick yielding project; repeater project; rollover project; self-liquidating project; sewerage project; showcase project; soft project; "Special Interest" Project; Special Project Preparation Facility; subproject; turnkey project; umbrella project project advance account compte d'avances pour la preparation du projet project agency organisme charg6 du projet project agreement accord de projet project aid aide projet - 189- project appraisal svaluatlon du projet project area zone du projet project audit evaluation r6trospectlve project boundary llmite du projet project brief fiche de projet; note de presentation du projet project completion report - PCR rapport d'achevement du projet - RAP project cycle cycle du projet project delivery report rapport sur l'ex6cution (du/des) projet(s) project design conception du projet project evaluation evaluatbon retrospective du projet project fund agreement accord de financement suppl6mentaire project identification identification, definition du projet project implementation review - PIR examen de l'etat d'avancement du projet Project Information Brief - PIB fiche, note d'information sur le projet project life dur6e de vie utile du projet project loan, lending pret-projet project management gestion du projet project management unit - PMU bureau du projet [IBRD] project manager directeur du projet; maltre d'oeuvre project officer charge de projets [BIRD]; responsable du projet; administrateur du projet project performance audit memorandum d'evaluation retrospective memorandum - PPAM [du projet] project performance audit report rapport d'evaluation retrospective du - PPAR projet - RERP -190- proJect performance report - PPR rapport sur les resultats du projet project pipeline liste, dossier, r6serve de projets project preparation pr6paration, 6eaboration du projet Project Preparation Facility - PPF M6canisme de financement de la preparation des projets - PPF Project Preparation Facility advance avance pour la pr6paration du projet; avance PPF project ranking classement de projets project-related training composante formation du projet project rent b6n6fice net d'exploitation attribuable au projet; revenu net du projet project supervision supervision du projet project unit bureau du projet promissory note billet A ordre promotion rate [education] taux de passage, de promotion property income [govemment] recettes domaniales; revenus domanlaux property Income [individuals, revenus de la propri6tb corporations] property tax impot foncler, Immobiller; parfols: imp6t sur la fortune proprietary proprietary data donn6es exclusives, privees proprletary good, item article de marque proprietary Interest participation majoritaire dans l'actif; int6ret patrimonial; part de capltal proprietary rlghts drolts exclusifs pro rata commitment authority limites impos6es au pouvoir limitatlons d'engagement par le principe de la proportlonnalite - 191 - pro rata rules [IDA] principe de la proportionnalit6 proso see millet prospectus [financial markets] prospectus protein deficiency carence protelque protein-energy malnutrition - PEM malnutrition prot6ino-6nerg6tique protracted arrears retards prodong6s dans le service de la dette provision see reserve provislonal measure [ICSID] mesure conservatoire provision for losses; reserve for losses provision pour pertes provisions [accounting] provisions proxy (variable) remplacement; substitution; valeur approximative, approchee; variable de remplacement, repr6sentative, approximative; mesure indirecte proxy (IBRD lending rates] el6ment provisoire du pool d'emprunts; parfois: pool provisoire d'emprunts proxy borrowing (IBRDO emprunts du pool provisoire prudential constraints limites Impos6es par la prudence prudent man rule regles de prudence prudent shopping consultation de fournisseurs; demande de renseignements et de prix; comparalson de prix public public borrowing, offering emission, offre publique; placement public public (capital) expenditure(s) dbpenses publiques (en capital, d'equipement, d'investissement) public corporation socilte publique public debt dette publique -192 - public economics 6conomie du secteur public public enterprise rationalization pret a la rationalisation des entreprises loan - PERL publiques public enterprise reform loan pret a la reforme des entreprises - PERL publiques public enterprise rehabilitation pret au redressement des entreprises loan - PERL publiques public enterprise restructuring pret a la restructuration des entreprises loan - PERL publiques public health center centre de sante publique public goods biens collectifs public housing; social housing logement social public lands terres domaniales public tender; open tender adjudication publique, ouverte public utilities; public utility services publics corporation public works; civil works travaux de genie civil publicly publicly guaranteed debt dette a garantie publique publicly held government debt dette publique detenue par les particuliers publicly issued (bonds, etc.) emis en souscription publique publicly traded company soci6te dont les actions sont cotees en bourse publicly traded share, stock action cotee en bourse pulses legumineuses pump see booster pump; hand pump pumping station station de pompage [see also booster pumping station] - 193 - pump priming policy [economics] poitique de r6amorcage pupil-teacher ratio - PTR; taux d'encadrement [rapport enseignant/ teacher-pupil ratio 6leves]; rapport elves/enseignant purchase fund [securitiesi fonds d'achat purchase money security interest [IFC] s0ret6 garantissant un solde dO au titre d'une participation purchasers' values [national accounts] valeur d6part-usine purchasing power parity parite du pouvoir d'achat pure pure IDA countries pays qui ne peuvent b6neficier que d'un financement de l'IDA pure, perfect competition concurrence parfaite pure stand culture pure; peuplement pur [foresterie] pure time preference see rate of pure time preference pure variety; true to type variety variet6 d'origine confirmee, pure put option option de vente - 194 - qualifications qualifications; comp6tences; titres; r6serves qualified qualified agreement garantle conditionnelle de to reimburse remboursement qualified bidder entreprise admise a soumissionner qualified borrowing(s) emprunts de r6f6rence [currency pooi] qualified guarantee garantie conditionnelle qualified majority malorit6 qualifi6e qualified opinion [auditing] opinion avec reserves qualifying shares actions de garantie qualitative coinsurance coassurance qualitative quality discount rabais de qualit6 quality loan [IBRD] pret de qualite quality premium prime de qualite [produits]; prime A la qualit6 [services] quantiative coinsurance coassurance quantitative quantity surveyor m6treur; verificateur quantity theory of money th6orie quantitative de la monnaie quasi-equity quasi-capital; quasi-fonds propres quasi-money quasi-monnale quayage see wharfage queueing theory, problem theorie, probleme des files d'attente - 195 - quick quick assets; liquid assets moyens de tr6sorerie; liquidkes; valeurs disponibles quick disbursing (loan) (pret A) d6calssement rapide quick maturing investments Investissements a rendement rapide quick ratio; acid-test ratio ratio de tr6sorerle reduite quick yielding project [IBRD] projet A rendement rapide quota contingent (p.ex. d'importatlons); quota; quote-part [FMI] [see also tariff quota] quotations demande de renseignements et de prix [passation des march6s]; mercuriale; liste de prix; cours; cote; prix [see also price quotations] - 196- -R - rag millet see millet rail siding(s) vole d'evitement; voie ferr6e de garage rainfed agriculture culture pluvlale, en sec, seche, non irriguee [selon le climat], en bour [MaghrebJ rainfed crop culture pluviale, en sec, seche rainfed rice riz pluvial rain forest for6t ombrophile; [en r6gions tropicales] foret dense equatoriale [see also tropical rain forest] raise, to (funds, etc.) mobiliser; collecter; drainer; se procurer RAM see random access memory random access memory - RAM memoire vive random sample 6chantillon aleatoire range [education] rayon de recrutement (d'une 6cole) rangeland parcours range management am6nagement des parcours rank correlation coefficient see Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ranking see project ranking ratchet effect effet de cliquet, d'encliquetage ratcheting up remont6e en dents de scie - 197 - rate rate of exchange see buying rate of exchange rate of interest on loans; lending taux debiteur rate [banks] [see also depositor rate of interest] rate of natural increase [animals] taux naturel d'accroissement rate of pure time preference taux de pr6f6rence pure pour le present; taux d'actualisation normati rate of return taux de rentabilite, de rendement [see also accounting rate of return; cash rate of return; economic rate of return; equalizing rate of return; financial rate of return; incremental rate of retum; internal rate of return; social rate of return] rated capacity capacite, puissance nominale rating agency agence de cotation, de classement (des titres); agence d'6valuation financiere - ADEF ratio see accounting ratio; acid-test ratio; affordability ratio; Bruno ratio; capital-labor ratio; capital-output ratio; capital ratios; capital-service ratio; cost-benefit ratio; current ratio; debt-equity ratio; debt ratio; debt-service ratio; debt-to-capital ratio; debt-to-equity ratio; dependency ratio; domestic content ratio; domestic resource cost ratio; enrollment ratio; equity ratio; feed conversion ratio; fill ratio; financial ratio; gearing ratio; grade ratio; gross (primary) enrollment ratio; housing expenses/income ratio; incremental capital-output ratio; input-output ratio; interest coverage ratio; interest service ratio; land equivalent, equivalency ratio; land use ratio; leverage (ratio); liquidity ratio; liquid ratio; long-term debt ratio; minimum cash ratio; modified Bruno ratio; net energy ratio; operating ratio; price-earning ratio; pupil-teacher ratio; quick ratio; reserve ratio; risk asset ratio; sex ratio; smoothness ratio; social benefit-cost ratio; staffing ratio; strpping ratio; tax/GDP ratio; tax performance ratio; tax ratio; teacher-pupil ratio; volatility ratio; working capital ratio; working ratio rational expectations anticipations rationnelles raw data donn6es brutes raw water eau(x) brute(s) read only memory - ROM m6moire morte reafforestation boisement et reboisement; parfois: reboisement real real assets biens immeubles real capital biens r6els - 198 - real effective exchange rate taux de change effectHf rbel real estate developer promoteur real estate equity capital immobiller real estate investment placement immobiller real side (of the economy) sphere rbeile (do l'economie) real terms, In A prix constants; en termes r6els; en valeur r6elle realignment [highways] rectification du trace realized price [oil] prix r6alis6 rebar [= reinforcing bar] barre d'armature, de renforcement; fer A b6ton recall [MOV] demande de remboursement recasting (e.g. a loan) recalcul (p.ex. d'un pr8t) receivables effets A recevoir [BIRD]; comptes clients [entreprise] recession r6cesslon; crise recession crop culture de d6crue recipient country pays ben6ficialre recital of an agreement; preamble pr6ambule, consid6rants, attendus d'un to an agreement accord reclaim mettre en valeur; defricher; exonder; (re)mettre en culture; ass6cher; assainir; r6cup6rer reclamation see land reclamation recognition and enforcement reconnaissance et ex6cutlon (de (of award) [ICSID] la sentence arbitrale) reconcile apurer (un compte); faire concorder; aligner; aJuster; concilier reconciliatIon account compte de r6concillation -199- reconciliation item [accounting] posts d'aJustement reconnaissance survey enquete prbliminalre reconstruction Import credi - RIC [IBRD] credit A I'importation pour la reconstruction record, to enregistrer; consigner; inscrire; porter A; comptabiliser; prendre acte; relever recorded activities activit6s d6clar6es, enregistr6es, comptabillsees, recens6es recoup recuperer; recouvrer; se d6dommager; compenser (ses pertes) recoverable reserves [energy] reserves r6cuperables recovery reprise; redressement; relance; recouvrement (des coOts); relevement; r6cup6ration recreational areas espaces r6cr6atlfs recurrent costs charges recurrentes, renouvelables recurrent education; Ifelong education education permanente, continue recurrent expenditures depenses renouvelables, ordinalres, de fonctionnement recycling (of capital) recyclage (des capitaux) redeemable remboursable; auto-amortissable; rachetable redemption degagement (d'un gage); purge (d'une hypotheque); amortissement; rachat red herring issue 6mission exploratoire rediscount r6escompter; r6escompte rediscount ceiling plafond de reescompte reduced form model modele sous forme redulte reducing charge method; declining amortissement degressif balance method - 200 - redundancy [staffing] main-d'oeuvre pl6thorlque; postes en sumombre; licenclement; sureffectifs reference zone; target zone [foreign zone de ref6rence exchange] referral alguillage; orientation (p.ex. vers les services competents); renvoi refinancing refinancement (d'un pret); consolidation (d'une dette) reflation relance; reflation reflows from the Trust Fund see Trust Fund reflows reforestation reboisement reform see land reform refresher course stage, cours de recyclage, perfectionnement refunding remboursement; refinancement regional planning amenagement du territoire; planification regionale Register [ICSID] r6le register see also land register registered registered [vehicle] immatricul6 registered (e.g. tradesmen) recense registered bond obligation nominative regilstered capital; share capital capital social; capital-actions registered nurse infirmier(&re) diplome(e) d'Etat registered seed semence homologube registered share, stock; personal actions nominatives stock - 201 - registrar [ICSID] greffier registration [Stock Exchangel inscription & ia cote officielle registration fee drolt d'lnscription; drolt d'immatriculation [transports] regrading [highways) reprofilage regrading [personnel] reclassement (des postes) regraveling; graveling rechargement regression equation 6quation de regression regressor; predictor variable explicative regrowth recrue regular appointment [IBRD] engagement, nomination A titre permanent regular lending program [IBRD] programme de pret normal Regulations and Rules (of the Rbglements (du Centre) Centre) [ICSID] regulatory agency organisme de contr6le, de r6glementation, r6glementaire, de supervision rehabilitation remise en 6tat; refection; modemisation; renovation; reamenagement; reequipement; reorganisation; reprise; relance; redressement; relbvement; [p.ex. zone sinistree] restauration; assainissement; regeneration [sols, plantations]; r6habilitation [architecture]; r6insertion; r6adaptation professionnelle; remise en exploitation [gisements] rehabilitation Import credit (RIC), credit A l'importation pour le loan redressement 6conomique; pret A l'importation pour le redressement economique reinforcing bar; rebar barre d'armature, de renforcement; fer A bWton -202 - release, to [capital] lib6rer; d6bloquer release see also block release relend retroc6der (un pret) relief secours; soulagement; assistance; all6gement (d'une dette); amenagement; (d'une dette); d6grbvement [imp6ts] relinquishment [legal] renonciation relocation relocalisation; reinstallation; d6placement; demenagement relocation grant prime de reinstallation remeasurement contract march6 sur devis estimatif et quantitatif; march6 au m6tr6 remedy see legal remedy remisslon remise; exoneratlon; transfert de fonds remittance see workers' remittance remote sensing t6l6detectlon remove, lift credit restrictions; desencadrer (le cr6dit) decontrol renewable energy 6nergies renouvelables renewal fee [GRIP - IFC] commission de renouvellement (de la GRAI) rent rente (fonclere, p.ex.); loyer [see also economic rent; project rent] rent recovery Index [projects] taux de recouvrement de la plus-value rent-seeking [IndMvldual] a la recherche de I'avantage personnel rent-seeking economy economle reposant sur une maximisation de la rente repayment schedule calendrler d'amortissement repeater project projet r6pilque - 203 - repeater rate [education] taux de redoublement repeat financing financement relais rephasing of a debt; rescheduling ambnagement, reechelonnement, of a debt consoiidation de la dette replacement cost coOt de renouvellement, de remplacement replacement level [population] niveau de remplacement replacement value; current (entry) value valeur de remplacement replenish (an account) (re)approvisionner replenishment of resources [IDA] reconstitution des ressources replicability reproductibilite; possibilite de g6n6raliser, r6p6ter, reproduire, transposer (p.ex. un projet) reported debt montant notifie de la dette; dette notifiMe reporting country pays d6clarant repcrting requirement(s) rapports & fournir reporting system [projects] systeme d'6tablissement de rapports; systeme de communication des donnees; systeme d'lnformation report (of Commission) [ICSID] proces-verbal (de la Commission) representations attestations; demarches; d6clarations [uridiquel representative office [bank] bureau de representation repression see financial repression repurchase agreement contrat de report; mise en pension; accord de r6mere request for proposal - RFP demande de propositions Requesting Organization [ICSID] organisation postulante requited transfer transfert avec contrepartie -204- resale price maintenance prix impos6s rescheduling of a debt; rephasing of am6nagement, r6chelonnement, a debt consolidation de la dette rescue package programme de sauvetage, renflouement, resealing [highways] sablage; Impermeabiiisation research and development - R & D recherche-deveioppement reservation price (of labor) prix d'int6gration reservation salary, wage salaire d'int6gratio reserve reserve see legal reserve reserve against losses r6serve pour pertes reserve asset actif, avoir, instrument de reserve reserve bank banque de r6serve reserve center centre de reserve reserve currency monnaie de reserve reserve for contingencies; provision pour impr6vus allowance for contingencies; contingency allowance reserve for depreciation; allowance provision pour amortissement for depreciation reserve for losses; provision for provision pour pertes losses; loss provision reserve liabilities; liabilities engagement de r6serves; engagements qui constituting foreign authorities' constituent des avoirs de reserve pour reserves [balance of payments] des autorit6s etrangeres reserve operations [lending program] operations de rechange reserve position position des r6serves; situation des reserves - 205 - reserve ratio [banking] rapport de liquldite [depuis 1/1/78]; coefficlent de liquidit6 [avant 1/1/78] reserve requirement r6serves obligatoires resettlement grant indemnite de reinstallation reshaping [highways] reprofilage residual (e.g. effect) remanent residuals chiffres residuels (obtenus par difference) resistant see pest resistant resource resource balance solde de ressources resource-based industries industrie de ressources, exploitant les ressources naturelles resource(s) gap d6ficit de ressources resource-neutral sans effet sur les ressources resource person expert; specialiste resource survey inventaire des ressources resources-poor farmer agriculteur d6muni responsibility center [accounting] centre de responsabilite restocking reconstitution des stocks; reconstitution du troupeau, du cheptel restraint policy politique d'austerite, de rigueur restricted distribution diffusion restreinte restrictive trade policy mesures commerciales restrictives restructuring of debt restructuration de la dette resubmission [ICSID] nouvel examen - 206 - resurfacing [highways] renouvellement de la couche de surface; rechargement retail banking march6 bancaire des particuliers; services bancalres pour les particuliers retail training formation directe sur place retained eamings reports a nouveau; benefices non distribu6s retainer provision; acompte retention money retenue de garantie retention rate; grade ratio [education] taux de r6tention retired debt dene amortie, liquid6e retirement (of a fixed asset) sortie (d'une immobilisation) retirement benefits pension, prestations de retraite retirement of outstanding debt remboursement (anticip6) de la dette [see also debt retirement] retraining recyclage retrenchment resserrement; rigueur budgetaire retrieval d6pistage et rappel [documents]; recherche [informatique] retroactive financing financement retroactif retrofitting re6quipement industriel; rattrapage [see also custom retrofitting] return return of capital recouvrement de l'investissement return on assets - ROA rendement de l'actif return on capital - ROC; return on equity - ROE;rentabilite, rendement de return on investment - ROI; l'investissement return on capital employed return on earning assets rendement des actifs productifs return to capital taux de rendement, rentabilite de l'investissement -207 - returns; revenues revenus; recettes; rentr6es; produit; profits; remuneration returns to sca!e rendements d'echelle revaluation revalorisation; reevaluation revaluation factor [currency pool] facteur de r6evaluation revenue revenue see also current revenues; fiscal revenue; forgone revenue; government revenues; net cash revenue revenue account [national accounts] compte de revenu revenue-earning enterprise entreprise productive, generatrice de ressources, a caractere industriel, commercial revenue sharing partage des recettes (fiscales) revenue stamp timbre fiscal reverse charge call; collect call appel en PCV reverse transfer of technology transfert inverse de technologie [see also transfer of technology] review clause; (periodic) review clause clause de rendez-vous review mission mission d'etude revised minimum standard model - RMSM modele macro-economique standard de la Banque mondiale revolving account compte renouvelable; fonds de roulement revolving credit; rollover credit cr6dit renouvelable, reconductible revolving fund fonds de roulement; parfois: fonds renouvelable; caisse d'avances revolving underwriting facility - RUF reprise ferme renouvelable rhizomes; rootstock crops rhizomes ribbon check irrigation; strip irrigation irrigation par planches, a la planche, par calants, au calant -208 - rice see bottomlands rice; floating rice; flooded rice; lowland rice; mangrove rice; paddy rice; rainfed rice; swamp rice; upland rice rig see oil (drilling) rig right of way emprise rights issue, offering emission de droits de souscription ripple price effects effets de propagation de la hausse des prix risk risk allowance [projects] provision pour risques risk asset ratio ratio de couverture de risques risk capital; venture capital capital a risque; capital-risque risk contract [oil] contrat de risque risk of expropriation [MIGA] risque d'expropriation risk management gestion des risques risk spread marge de risque river blindness; onchocerciasis onchocercose road base; base couche de base road patching; spot improvement point a temps; emplol partiel; parfois: reflachage road user charges tarHifcation des usagers de la route rock phosphate; phosphate rock phosphate (naturel) [engrais; gbneral]; phosphorite [g6ologie] rolled (costs) (coOts) moyens rolling back reduction rolling plan plan chenille, glissant, a horizon mobile roll-on/roll-off - ro/ro transroulage; transports ro-ro -209 - roll-on/roll-off (ro/ro) ship navire roulier; roulier rollover rollover renouvellement; reconduction; refinancement rollover credit; revolving credit credit renouvelable, reconductible rollover of gains remplol des plus-values rollover project, program projet relais; programme relais ROM see read only memory root crops racines; tubercules rootstock crops; rhizomes rhizomes ro/ro see roll-on/roll-off rotational grazing paturage toumant round see tariff round roundwood bois rond routine maintenance entretien courant row crops cultures en lignes, sarclees royalty [oilj redevance rubber tree hev6a rubber tree crop h6v6aculture Rules of Procedure for Conciliation Reglement de procedure relatif and Arbitration Proceedings [ICSID] aux instances de conciliation et d'arbftrage Rules of Procedure for Meetings of the Regles relatives A la conduite des Executive Directors r6unions des Administrateurs run (on the banks) retrait massif runaway Inflation Inflation galopante running averag; moving average moyenne mobile - 210 - running costs frais d'exploitation runoff [water] ecoulement; ruissellement runoff irrigation irrigation par ruissellement run-of-mine coal; mine run coal charbon tout-venant run-of-river offtake prise au fil de 1'eau rural exodus; rural-urban migration; exode rural out-migration - 211 - I-S- Safe Motherhood Conference [IBRD/WHO] conference sur la maternite sans danger Safe Motherhood Fund [IBRD/WHO] Fonds pour la matemite sans danger Safe Motherhood Initiative [IBRD/WHO] Programme de maternite sans danger safety net dispositif de s6curit6; filet de s6curit6 safe water eau salubre saleable assets actifs alienables sale from portfolio vente, cession de titres en portefeuille sale of loan maturities cession d'6ch6ances de prets sales tax taxe sur les ventes salvage value valeur r6siduelle, de liquidation, de r6cup6ration sanitary landfill decharge contr6lbe sanitation assainissement; salubrite; hygiene; voirie Saudi Arabian light (crude oil); brut l6ger d'Arabie light Arabian crude Saudi Fund Fonds saoudien savings and loan association societe d'epargne et de credit sawnwood bois sci6; sciages scarcity value valeur de rarete scatter chart, diagram; scattergram diagramme de dispersion schedular, scheduled tax imp6t c6dulaire schedule annexe [document juridique]; barbme; tarif; liste; horaire; calendrier; 6cheancier; bilan; bordereau; tableau; devis - 212 - schedule contract marche sur devis, sur bordereau de prix, a prix unitaire scheduled maintenance entretien periodique; op6ration de r6vision programmee [materiel] scheduled tax see schedular tax scheme p6rimetre [irrigation]; amenagement; systeme; reseau; r6gime; schema; programme schistosomiasis schistosomiase school mapping btablissement de la carte scolaire scrap, to mettre a la casse, a la reforme scrap value valeur & la casse seasonal credit cr6dit de campagne seasonally adjusted desaisonnalise; corrige des variations saisonnieres seasonal movements mouvements saisonniers; variations saisonnieres seasonal peak pointe saisonniere seasoned securities valeurs, titres confirmes secondary secondary education see lower secondary education; upper secondary education secondary market march6 secondaire secondary market mortgage institution de reprise d'hypotheques institution secondary recovery r6cuperation secondaire secondary reserves reserves suppl6mentaires secondary securities valeurs de deuxieme rang secondary transmission line; ligne de repartitlon subtransmission line - 213 - second lowest bidder soumissionnalre cdasse second, deuxieme [see also lowest bidder] secondment d6tachement secondmernt staff personnel detache second tier bank banque de deuxieme rang second tier country pays de niveau intermediaire Secretary-General [ICSID] Secretaire g6n6ral sector sector adjustment loan - SAD, SECAL pret A l'ajustement sectoriel sector implementation review - SIR bilan des projets (d'agriculture, etc.) sector loan pret sectoriel Sector Report rapport sectoriel, rapport sur le secteur de... secular trend tendance seculaire, A long terme secure a loan garantir un pr6t; obtenir un pret secured loan pret garanti securities securities see also security securities (custody) account dossier-titres; compte-titres securities analyst analyste des valeurs securities dealer; securities firm courtier (en valeurs mobilieres); malson de titres; socd6te de placement securities market march6 des titres; marche des valeurs mobilieres securitization mobilierisation; financierisation - 214 - security security securitb; titre; valeur; garantie; sOret6; nantissement [see also bid security; blue chip security; gilt-edged securities; Government securities; marketable securities; outstanding securities; over-the-counter securities; performance security; portfolio securities; seasoned securities; secondary securities; securities; social security] security agreement accord de sOret6 security lending prOts de titres security of tenure securite de Jouissance security sharing agreement [I FC] accord de partage de sOret6 seed seed see also breeder seed; certified seed; field seeds; foundation seed; oil seeds; registered seed seed capital, money capital d'amorQage, de lancement; pr6investIssement seed farm ferme semenciere seed garden jardin semencler seed money see seed capital seed plant plante de semence seedling semis; plantule; jeune plant seismic survey etude sismique Selective Capital Increase - SCI augmentation s6lective du capital self-adjustment autocorrection; auto-ajustement self-care; self-treatment autotherapie; autosoins self-contained see free-standing self-employed person travailleur ind6pendant self-financing autofinancement - 215 - self-help Investissement humain; effort collectH; auto-assistance; effort personnel; parfois: entraide self-help housing scheme programme d'autoconstruction (de logements) self-insurance auto-assurance self-liquidating assets cr6dits auto-amortissables self-liquidating project prolet flnancibrement autonome self-reliance autonomie; Independance [see also collective self-reliance] self-restraint autolimitation self-sufficiency autosuffisance; auto-approvisionnement self-sustaining growth croissance autonome, auto-entretenue self-sustaining state r6gime de croisiere self-targeting (commodity) (produft) destine a un groupe particuller de consommateurs self-treatment see self-care sell down r6trocession seller's market marche de vendeurs selling consortium, group, syndicate groupe, syndicat, consortium de placement selling rate cours vendeur selling value valeur liquidative semidry process [cement manufacture] traitement par vole semi-sbche semiknocked down - SKD semi-monte - SKD seminar see Board seminar semipermanent housing logement semi-dur semipublic company societ6 d'economie mixte - 216 - semiskilled manpower main-d'oeuvre speciaiis6e semisklled worker ouvrier sp6ciaIls6 - o.s. senior debt, loan dette prMlegile Senior Policy Seminar on ... [EDI] seminaire de haut niveau... sensitivity analysis analyse de sensibilit6 separation [employment] cessation de service separation package enveloppe de d6part sequential cropping; double cropping cultures successives; double recolte serial bond, loan (issue) emprunt obligataire 6mis par s6ries; obligation a lots service service see also debt service service; service line; supply line; branchement connection [electricity] service a loan assurer le service d'un pret service and support fee [IFC] commission de service et d'appui service area zone d'attraction; zone d'influence; zone de captage; zone desservie service charge commission de service service Industry industrie de service service line swe service service road voie de desserte; chauss6e lat6rale; route lateraie; contre-allee; piste de desserte service standiard niveau de service rendu service station [livestock] station de monte serviceable [highways] carrossable; praticabie - 217 - serviced area, lot, site terrain viabilise, am6nag6 servicing, plot viabilisation des parcelles serving chairman pr6sident en exercice session [ICSID] session set aside agreement accord de domicfliation settlement reglement; apurement; accord; zone de peuplement; etablissement (humain); colonle; colonisation; concession; paysannat [Afrique]; s6dentarisation; tassement [soi]; d6cantation [eaux] [see also land settlement] settlement (of a dispute) [ICSID] reglement (d'un differend) settlement date date de reglement settling-in grant prime d'installation severance pay indemnite de depart, de licenciement sewage disposal evacuation des eaux us6es sewage (treatment) plant station d'6puration des eaux usees sewerage project projet d'assainissement sex ratio rapport de masculinite shade management [agriculture] amenagement de l'ombrage shade tree arbre d'ombrage shadow shadow discount rate taux d'actualisation virtuel shadow exchange rate taux de change de ref6rence, virtuel shadow price prix de r6f6rence, comptable, virtuel shadow pricing of exchange rate taux de change economique shadow program [IMF] programme-test - 218 - shadow rate of interest taux d'interet de r6ference shadow wages salaire(s) de reference, virtuels shakeout (of the market) tassement share share see also bonus share; common share; founder's share; membership shares; outstanding shares; publicly traded share; qualifying shares; registered share; stock share capital captal social; capital-actions [see also authorized share capital] share capital, to supply prendre une participation au capital; souscrire au capital share premium account [IFC] compte 'primes d'emission" share retention agreement [IFC] accord de r6tention d'actions sharecropper metayer sharecropping metayage shareholders' equity; stockholders' fonds propres; capitaux propres; equity situation nette shell (of a building) gros-oeuvre; ossature shell company soci6t6 fictive; filiale sans support matkriel shift deplacement; changement; glissement; redistribution; reorientation; transfert; d6saffection; decalage; poste (de travail); parfois: equipes shifting cultivation culture itinerante shifting of tax repercussion de l'imp6t shipping transport(s) maritime(s); navigation; exp6dition; acheminement shipping conference see liner (shipping) conference shopping [procurement] consultation de fournisseurs [see also direct shopping; international shopping; local shopping] -219 - shortfall insuffisance; deficit; trou short list liste selective; liste restreinte short season (crop) (culture) de cycle vegetatKf court short term consultant consultant recrute pour une courte periode short term trends tendances conjoncturelles showcase project projet de d6monstratbon, de prestige shutdown interruption; arret SIBOR [= Singapore Interbank Offered SIBOR Rate] side letter; supplemental letter lettre annexe siding(s); rail siding(s) voie d'bvitement; voie ferr6e de garage sight sight assets avoirs A vue sight deposit d6p6t A vue sight level design [architecture] plan de synthese sight liabilities engagements A vue signal barometre; avertisseur; indicateur avanc6; clignotant; signal; message [see also price signals] single single circuit line [electricity] ligne de transport simple single crop economy economie de monoculture single entry accounting comptabilite en partle simple single factorial terms of trade termes de l'echange unifactoriels single fertilizer engrals simple - 220 - sinking fund caisse d'amortissement; fonds d'amortissement sinking fund factor coefficient de placement sister companies filiales d'une meme societ6 mere site site chantler; terrain; emplacement; localisation; Implantation; site site coverage emprise au sol site development travaux de VRD (voirie et reseaux divers); amenagement du terrain; viabilisation site foreman chef de chantier site plan plan de situation, d'implantation sites and services trames d'accueil; parcelles assainies sitting [ICSID] seance sketch plan [architecture] 6pure; croquis directeur skilled manpower main-d'oeuvre qualifi6e skilled worker ouvrier professionnel - o.p.; ouvrier qualifie; travailleur qualifie skills development formation professionnelle skill training center centre de formation professionnelle slack [economy] [noun] sous-emploi des ressources; sous-utilisation des ressources; marge de ressources inutilis6es slash-and-burn cultivation culture sur coupe et brOlis; 6cobuage slaughtered animals abattages slaughterhouse fee droit d'abattage slice [contracts] tranche - 221 - slice and package [procurement] fractionnement des march6s uslice and packagew contract marchb fractionne sliding scale echelle mobile slippage; lag d6rapage; glissement; derive; retard sluggish growth croissance l6thargique sluice, sluice gate price; lock gate prix d'6cluse price slum bidonville; taudis; llot insalubre; gourbi slum clearance deguerpissement; 6viction; elimination des taudis slumpflation r6cession avec inflation slum upgrading assainissement des taudis small and medium enterprises - SME; petites et moyennes entreprises - PME small- and medium-scale enterprises - SMSE small and medium industries - SMI; petites et moyennes industries - PMI small- and medium-scale industries - SMSI small-scale small-scale enterprise - SSE petite entreprise small-scale industry - SSI petite industrie small-scale irrigation petite hydraulique small-scale irrigation works, petits reseaux, ouvrages d'irrigation; structures petits perimetres irrigues, irrigables small-scale water works travaux de petite hydraulique smallholder petit exploitant; petit planteur; petit agricuiteur smaliholding petite propriete, exploitation, plantation smoothness ratio coefficient de lissage - 222 - snatching effect effet do ricochet social social accounting matrix - SAM matrice do comptabilit6 sociale - MOS social accounts comptabiIit sociale; comptes sociaux; comptabilitA nationale; comptes nationaux social advantages avantages coilectifs social benefit-cost ratio - SBC ratio d'utilit6 collective; ratio social benefits prestatlons sociales social costs coat coilectif social development dveioppement social; action sociale; promotion sociale social forestry utilisation collective des for6ts social goods biens coilectifs social Infrastructure; community 6quipements coiiectifs, sociaux facilities social insurance assurances sociales social marketing program programme do ventes subventionnes; [populatlonj comptoirs soclaux social mobility mobilitA sociale; permabilit des classes social net present value - SNPV valour actuelle nette sociale social opportunity cost coOt d'opportunft sociale social overhead capital Infrastructure 6conomique et sociale - IES social overhead investment d6penses dinfrastructure conomique et sociale social price prix social social pricing calcul des prix soclaux - 223 - social rate of discount taux d'actuallsation soclale social rate of return - SRR taux de rentabilite sociale social returns rendements soclaux social security benefits prestatlons de securite sociale social security contributions cotisations a la s6curlte sociaie social security fund calsse de s6curltb soclale social security scheme regime de securite sociale; parfois caisse de s6curite sociale social shadow wage rate - SSWR taux salarlal virtuel social social time preference rate taux de preference sociale pour le present social wants besoins collectifs social welfare protection soclale; blen-Otre social; prbvoyance soclale social welfare function fonction d'utIlit6 collective socialization of rlsks mutualisation des risques socioeconomic status - SES situation 6conomlque et soclale soft soft component [projects] 6i6ments services soft currency monnale falble soft loan pr6t assorti de conditions lib6rales; pret lib6ral, a taux r&dult, a taux bonifl6 soft loan affiliate, window filiale, guichet d'aide liberale soft project projet a caractere soclal software logiciel [informatique]; aspects non mat6riels; programmes et methodes software package progiciel - 224 - soil conservation conservation des sols soil depletion epuisement des sols soil study, survey 6tude de sol [g6nie civil]; 6tude des sols, pedologique [g6ologie] sole cropping; monoculture monoculture sole risk clause [oil] clause de risque independant solid state technology technique des transistors, des semi-conducteurs source and use of funds statement; tableau de financement; tableau des statement of changes in financial position flux sources and applications of funds; tableau de financement; tableau des statement of changes in financial position flux sourcing achat de composants, de pieces Southern Cone c6ne Sud [= Argentina, Chile, Uruguay] sovereign credit, loan emprunt garanti par l'Etat sovereign risk risque d'insolvabilit6 de l'Etat emprunteur; risque souverain sovereign risk loan pret comportant un risque souverain spate irrigation; flood irrigation Irrigation par inondation Spearman's rank correlation coefficient coefficient de correlation des rangs de Spearman special Special Account compte special Special Action Program; (World Bank) Programme d'assistance speciale (de la Program of Special Assistance Banque mondiale aux pays membres) Special Assignment Appointee fonctionnaire stagiaire Special Assistance Facility M6canisme d'aide sp6ciale Special Assistance Facility for Sub-Saharan Africa see Special Facility for Sub-Saharan Africa - 225 - Special Assistance Program; Programme d'assistance speciale (de la (World Bank) Program of Special Banque mondiale aux pays membres) Assistance special budget; extraordinary budget budget extraordinaire special commitment charge commission d'engagement speciale special conditions of contract cahier des clauses particulieres Special Disbursment Account see Structural Adjustment Facility Special Facility for Africa see Special Facility for Sub-Saharan Africa Special Facility for Sub-Saharan Fonds special d'aide a l'Afrique Africa - SFSA (Africa Facility/ subsaharienne (Fonds d'aide c I'Afrique Special Facility for Africa - SFA) - FM) "Special Interest" Project [IBRD/UNDP] projet d'interet special Special Joint Financing financement special conjoint Special Program for African Programme sp6cial pour la recherche Agricultural Research - SPAAR agricole en Afrique - PSRM Special Programme for Research and Programme special de recherche et de Training in Tropical Diseases - TDR formation concernant les maladies tropicales Special Program of Assistance (for programme special d'assistance de la the Low-Income Debt-Distressed Banque mondiale (en faveur des pays Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa) a faible revenu surendettes d'Afrique [World Bank] subsaharienne) Special Project Preparation Facility Mecanisme special de financement de - SPPF la pr6paration des projets - SPPF Special Reserve [World Bank] Reserve speciale Special Technical Assistance Program [IBRD] Programme d'assistance technique speciale specialized agency [UN] institution sp6cialisbe specific (customs) duty droit (de douane) sp6cifique specifications prescriptions techniques; cahier des charges; devis descriptif; specifications techniques; caracteristiques techniques - 226 - specimen of signature see authenticated specimen of signature spending ministry ministere depensler spillover repercussions; retombies; effets secondaires spillover effect, impact; spinoff effet d'entralnement; effet secondaire effect spillover exports exportations de destockage spillway chute; tailrace canal de fuite spinning reserve [electricityl reserve tournante spinoff [financial market] cession, distribution d'actions (d'une nouvelle soci6t6 aux actionnaires de la soci6t6 mere) spinoff effect see spillover effect sponsor promoteur Sponsorship Trust Fund [MIGA] Fonds fiduclaire de parrainage spontaneous, voluntary lending prets spontan6s, volontaires spot spot exchange rate taux de change au comptant spot improvement, patching; point A temps; emplol partiel; patching [highways] parfols: reflfchage spot market; cash market [foreign march6 au comptant exchange] spot market [commodities] marchb du disponible spot market [oil] marchb "spot"; marchb du disponible spot patching see spot Improvement spot price prix au comptant [devises; bourse]; prix du disponible [produits]; prix du marche, du spot, au jour le Jour [petrole] spraying see knapsack spraying - 227 - spraying see knapsack spraying spread (e.g between borrowing cost marge (p.ex. entre le coOt des and lending rates) emprunts et le taux des prets) spread (between spot and forward 6cart (entre les cours au comptant quotations) et a terme) spread of spreads 6cart entre les marges sprinkle irrigation irrigation par aspersion squat, to squatter squatter squatteur squatter area, settlement bidonville; quartier spontan6, non loti; zone d'habitat spontane squeeze see credit squeeze Stabex (= System for the stabilization Stabex (= Systeme de stabilisatlon des of ACP and OCT mining products) recettes d'exportation des ACP et [European Communities] des PTOM) stabilization fund fonds de stabilisation; caisse de p6r6quation stabilizers see built-In stabilizers staff staff [noun] personnel; agents; effectHf(s); employes; fonctlonnalres; services; collaborateurs staff [verb] pourvoir, doter en personnel staff see also counterpart staff; field staff; fixed term staff; line staff; overstaffed; Principles of Staff Employment; professional staff; secondment staff; supervisory staff; support staff; temporary staff staff appralsal report - SAR rapport d'bvaluation (d'un projet) staff assistant assistant de secrbtariat staff department departement de service staff development valorlsation des ressources humaines; perfectionnement du personnel - 228 - staff house logement de fonction staff-month mois de travail; homme-mois Staff Retirement Fund [IBRD] Caisse de retraite du personnel Staff Retirement Plan [IBRD] Regime de retraite du personnel Staff Rules [IBRD] Reglement du personnel Staff Working Paper - SWP document de travail des services de la Banque staffing structure du personnel; dotation (en effectifs) staffing ratio rapport personnel (p.ex. medical)/population staffyear homme-annee; ann6e de travail stagflation stagflation stagnation (of the economy) stagnation; torpeur; lethargie; marasme stall feeding elevage en stabulation; engraissement A I'etable stand [forest] peuplement forestier standard standard [adj.j normalis6; uniforme; forfaitaire; de reference; typique; type; standard; classique; courant; normal standard [noun] norme (de qualite, de service); critere; r6glementation; etalon; modele standard conversion factor - SCF facteur, coefficient de conversion standard standard cost accounting methode du prix de revient standard standard deduction [taxation] abattement forfaTtaire standard deviation ecart type - 229 - Standard International Trade Classification type pour le commerce Classification - SITC international - CTCI standard of living niveau de vie standard rate (of interest) taux (d'interet) courant standard values; administrative valeurs mercuriales prices [trade] standby standby agreement [IFC] accord d'aide 6ventuelle [SFI] standby arrangement [IMF] accord de confirmation standby commitment [IFC] engagement d'aide 6ventuelle standby equity [investment] engagement conditionnel (de participation) standby (lending) program [IBRD] programme (de pret) d'appoint standby loan pret conditionnel standby underwriting commitment engagement conditionnel de garantie [IFCI d'6mission standing, financial; creditworthiness solvabilite; capacit6 de financement; capacitb d'endettement; surface financlere; credit; cote de cr6dft; signature [pays; grande societ6]; honorabilit6 [client priv6e standing instructions, orders directives permanentes; consignes permanentes; Instructions permanentes; reglement standpipe; standpost; hydrant borne-fontaine; borne standstill agreement accord de maintien du statu quo standstill commitment engagement de statu quo staple (food) aliment de base staple (food crop) culture vivriere de base staple (good) produit de premiere necessite -230 - starchy root crop racine amylacMe start-up cost frals de demarrage, d'amorgage State eligible to sign (the Etat habilitb A signer Convention) [ICSID] statement statement etat (de d6penses); reieve; Intervention; declaration; allocution; expose; deposktion; mbmoire; note; Instruction [see also financial statement; Income statement; indicative statement; summary statement] statement of account releve de compte statement of changes In financial tableau de financement; tableau des position; source and application of flux funds statement; funds statement; source and use of funds statement; funds flow statement; changes in working capital statement statement of condition [IDA] situation financilre statement of expenditure - SOE relevb des depenses state of the art [adJ.j A la polnte du progres; de pointe state of the art [noun] 6tat actuel de la technique; Atat des connalssances state of the art paper document qul fait le point de la technique state-owned enterprise - SOE entreprise pubilque, d'Etat state-trading countries pays & commerce d'Etat Static Life Index [commodities] Indice statique des rbserves static welfare analysis analyse statique d'equilibre partiel statistical tax taxe de statistique status etat (d'avancement); statut; condition; situation; position sociale; prestige [see also educational status] -231- status report; progress report rapport d'actMt6; rapport sur l'6tat d'avancement (d'un projet) statutory body organisme de droit public; organe officiel; etablissement public statutory ceiling llmite statutaire stay of enforcement [ICSID] suspension d'execution steady state lending niveau d'6quilibre des prets steady state operations op6rations en r6gime de croisiere steam coal charbon de chaudlere; charbon de centrale; charbon-vapeur steam cracking [oil] vapocraquage steam plant centrale thermique a vapeur steelmaking see open-hearth steelmaking steepness (of a curve) inclinaison (d'une courbe) stemming-from benefit avantage induit en aval step-down power station poste abalsseur step-up power station poste elevateur stock stock stock(s); parc (immobilier p.ex.); action(s); capital; nombre d'animaux; charge; cheptel; troupeau; patrimoine zootechnique; population [betail]; souche [horticulture]; volume sur pled [foresterlel; patrimolne [see also capital stock; closing stock; common stock; corporate stocks; outstanding stocks; paid-up stock; preferred stock; publicly traded stock; registered stock; share; volatile stock; voting stock] stock, to stocker; emmagasiner; entreposer; charger (un paturage); aleviner; empolssonner; peupler (des eaux) stock accounting comptabilite matieres, des stocks stock carrying capacity (of an area) charge potentielle (d'un paturage) - 232- stock corporation soclite par actions stock dllution, watering; dilution dilution du capital; d6capitalisation stock didend actions gratuites stock exchange transaction op6ration de bourse; transaction boursiere stock option option de souscription; droit de conversion stock option plan plan d'option sur titres stock ownership avoirs en portefeuille; acquisition de valeurs mobilieres, actions stock rights [IFC] droits de souscription stock watering hydrauiique pastorale [6levage]; dilution du capital [marche financier] stockholders' equity; shareholders' fonds propres; capitaux propres; equity; owners' equity; equity; situation nette net worth stocking rate (of an area) taux de charge (d'un paturage) stockpiling constitution de stocks stone coal anthracite stopgap measure palliatff; mesure conservatoire; expedient; solution d'attente stop-go, stop and go policy politique de coups de frein et d'accelrateur, de correction de la conjoncture, de coups d'accord6on storage stockage; emmagasinage; entreposage; archivage [documents]; retention [eaux]; mise en m6moire; emmagasinage; stockage [informatique] storage dam barrage de retenue store-of-value r6serve de valeur stores accounting; stock accounting comptabilit6 matieres, des stocks storm water drainage system reseau de drainage des eaux de pluie - 233 - stove [developing countries] foumeau; r6chaud; foyer [see also charcoal stove] straight bond obligation classique, ordinaire straight-line depreciation amortissement Iheaire, constant stream [education] filiere stream see also benefit stream streamed school ecole a selection continue, a progression difflrenciee, a piusieurs classes par ann6e d'6tudes streamlining rationalisation; simplification streams of costs and benefits flux des coOts et des avantages stretching mechanism m6canisme de demultiplication stringency see budget stringency strip strip check irrigation see strip irrigation strip cropping; alley cropping culture en bandes strip irrigation; border irrigation irrigation par planches, & la planche, border strip irrigation; strip check par calants, au calant irrigation; ribbon check irrigation; border check irrigation; border ditch irrigation; gravity check irrigation strip mining; open pit mining exploitation a ciel ouvert strip of maturities tranche d'un pret strip participation participation & toutes les echeances strip planting plantation en bandes stripping [mining] enlevement des terrains de couverture stripping see also asset stripping stripping ratio [mining] rapport de d6couverture -234 - strong currency; hard currency monnale, devise forte structural structural adjustment ajustement structurel; restructuration Structural Adjustment Facility (SAF) facilite d'ajustement structurel within the Special Disbursement 6tablie dans le cadre du Compte Account [IMF] de versements sp6cial structural adjustment lending - SAL prets A l'ajustement structurel - PAS structural design parti constructif; calcul de resistance et de stabilite structural engineer ingenieur ouvrages d'art structural unemployment ch6mage structurel structural work gros-oeuvre; ossature stubble mulch farming paillage A base de chaume study course [EDI] stage stumpage fee redevance d'exploitation stumpage price prix sur coupe, du bois sur pied stylized fact fait particulierement revelateur, significatif; exemples types; g6n6ralisation; simplification; sch6matisation subbase [highways] couche de fondation subborrower emprunteur secondaire, final subcontract contrat de sous-traitance subcontractor sous-traitant subgrade [highways] couche de forme subirrigation; subsoil Irrigation irrigation souterraine subject matter [education] matiere; discipline; sujet (d'etudes) - 235 - subject matter specialist - SMS technicien specialise - TS [agricultural extension] subjects [education] see core subjects subloan prOt secondaire; sous-pret submerged bridge passage A gue b6tonne submerged economy; black economy economie clandestine, parallele, souterraine submission see bid submission subordinated debt; junior debt dette de rang inferieur subordinated loan pret non privllegie, subordonn6 subordinate lender preteur non privilegie subproject sous-projet subregion sous-region; subdivision regionale Sub-Saharan Africa Afrique subsaharlenne subscriber trunk dialing - STD interurbain automatique subscription votes [World Bank] voiox de souscription subsector sous-secteur; branche; filiere subsidiary filiale subsidiary account compte auxillaire Subsidiary Agreement [IBRD] accord de pret subsidlaire subsidiary loan pret subsidlalre subsistence allowance indemnite de subsistance subsistence economy 6conomle de subsistance subsistence farming agriculture de subsistance subsoil irrigation; subirrigation irrigation souterraine substantive law lol de fond; regles de fond -236 - substation [electricity] poste substitution effect effet de substitution subtransmission line; secondary ligne de repartiton transmission line subunderwriter [IFC] sous-garant [SFI] successful bidder titulaire du marchb; adjudicataire summary account compte recapitulatif Summary Proceedings compte rendu sommaire summary statement 6tat recapitulatif sundry assets autres postes de l'actif; postes divers de l'actif sundry cash accounts comptes de caisse divers sundry liabilities autres postes du passif; postes divers du passif sunk cost coOts ant6rieurs, irreversibles; investissement A fonds perdus superannuation pension de retraite supervision mission mission de supervision Supervision Report rapport de supervision supervisory grades cadres de mattrise supervisory ministry ministere de tutelle supervisory staff personnel d'encadrement; superviseurs; agents de mattrise; superieurs (hi6rarchiques) supplement see feed supplement supplemental, supplementary feed aliment, fourrage d'appoint supplemental letter; side letter lettre annexe - 237 - Supplemental Reserve against Losses on Reserve supplebmentaire pour pertes sur Loans and from Currency Devaluations prets et pour pertes dues a des (Supplemental Reserve) devaluations (Reserve supplementaire) supplementary feed see supplemental feed supplier industry industrie d'amont supplier credit; supplier's credit cr6dit-foumisseur supply supply curve courbe de l'offre supply line; service branchement supply management regulation de l'offre supply side economics 6conomie de l'offre; politique 6conomique ax6e sur l'offre supply side politics politique d'action sur l'offre supply system; delivery system systeme de prestations; reseau de services; distribution; organisation (des soins primaires) support department [IBRD] d6partement de soutien support price prix de soutien support staff services generaux; personnel de soutien, d'appui, auxiliaire surface surface course; wearing course couche de roulement [highways] surface dressing [highways] enduit superficiel surface irrigation irrigation superficielle surface patching; spot improvement point a temps; emploi partiel; parfois: refiachage surfacing [highways] couche de surface [see also resurfacing] -238 - surplus country pays exc6dentaire surplus on Invisibles excedent au titre des Invisibles survey enquOte; 6tude; leve; bornage; releve; prospection; arpentage; reconnaissance; recensement [see also land survey; reconnaissance survey; resource survey; soil survey] surveying execution de metre; mensuration cadastrale; mesurage; arpentage survey mission mission d'etude survival rate [education] taux de longevite scolaire suspense account compte d'attente sustainability perennite; permanence; durabilite; regime de croisiere [see also balance of payments sustainability] sustainable level of lending - SLL niveau de prets soutenable sustained growth expansion soutenue; croissance durable swamp rice riz de marais swap swap; credit croise; mise en report [see also currency swap] swap, to [finance] swapper sweat equity actions d'apport en travail swing fuel combustible de bouclage switching equipment [telephone] materiel de commutation switching value [sensitivity analysis] valeur critique; valeur seull syllabus programme (scolaire) syndicate [banking] consortium, syndicat bancaire syndicate a loan, to consortlaliser; syndiquer syndicated loan pret consortial; pret syndiqu6 - 239 - syndicatlon syndication (d'un pret); formation d'un syndicat financier, d'un consortium synfuel see synthetic fuel synthetic fuel; synfuel combustible de synthbse Sysmin (= Special financing facility Sysmin (= faciltk de financement for ACP and OCT mining products) speclal pour les produits miniers [European Communities] des ACP et des PTOM) system load factor [electricity] coefficient de charge du reseau - 240 - - T - tailrace; spillway chute canal de fuite [hydroelectricity] take-and-pay contract contrat de paiement contre livraison take-home pay traitement effectivement percu, net de toutes deductions taken over by passe sous le contr6le de takeoff decollage; amorce de la reprise; d6marrage; prise de force [electricite] [see also power takeoff] take-or-pay agreement, contract contrat de prise ferme; contrat d'achat ferme take-out agreement; buyback agreement accord de rachat take over, to prendre le contr6le (de); absorber; racheter; prendre en charge; assurer la releve takeover bid offre publique d'achat - OPA tangible assets, property actifs corporels; biens materiels, corporels, r6els; patrimoine tanker navire-citerne; bateau-citerne; p6trolier; camion-citerne tap, to exploiter; mobiliser; mettre a profit tap Issue emission A guichets ouverts, en continu targeted ponctuel; cibl6; centre target group groupe-cible target price prix Indicatif; prix-obJectif target zone; reference zone [foreign zone de r6f6rence exchange] - 241 - tariff tariff see also inverted tariff; lIfeline tariff; time-of-day tariff tariff barrier obstacle tarifaire tariff cuts abaissement des tarifs, droits de douane; rbduction tarifaire tariff escalation progressitb des droits tariff item position tarifaire tariff jumping contournement des droits de douane tarfff line ligne tarifaire tariff negotiations, round n6gociations tarifaires tariff quota contingent tarHfaire tariff rates taux des droits tariff schedule bareme; tarifs douaniers tariffs tarifs douaniers; droits de douane; tarif; bareme tar sands sables asphaltiques task force task force groupe d'etude; groupe sp6cial; bquipe sp6ciale; groupe de travail; comite de reflexion Task Force on Concessional Flows Groupe d'btude sur les flux d'aide liberale Task Force on Nonconcessional Flows Groupe d'btude sur les flux d'aide non librale Task Force on Private Direct Foreign Groupe d'6tude sur l'investissement Investment 6tranger priv6 direct - 242 - tax tax see also benefit tax; betterment levy, tax; border taxes; business (profit) tax; capital gains tax; cascade tax; corporate tax; delinquent taxes; earmarked tax; foreign tax credit; forgiven tax; franchise tax; income tax; inflation tax; interest equalization tax; investment tax credit; land betterment tax; land tax; multiple stage tax; net of taxes; origin tax; pay-as-you-earn; payroll tax; poll tax; presumptive taxation; profit(s) tax; property tax; sales tax; schedular tax; shifting of tax; statistical tax; turnover tax; value-added tax; withholding tax tax allowances deductions fiscales tax arbitrage arbitrage fiscal tax assessment cote; contribution; imposition; liquidation; 6tablissement de l'assiette; etablissement des r6les tax audit contr6le du fisc tax authorities flsc tax avoidance 6vasion fiscale tax base assiette (de I'imp6t); base d'imposition; matiere imposable tax bill, demand avertissement tax bracket tranche du barbme fiscal; tranche d'imposition tax buoyancy 6easticite globale [du systeme fiscal par rapport au PIB] tax burden charge fiscale tax clearance quitus fiscal tax credit credit d'imp6t; avoir fiscal tax deduction abattement fiscal tax deferral report d'imp6t; moratoire fiscal; tax demand see tax bill tax effort effort fiscal tax elasticity 6easticite de i'imp6t - 243 - tax evasion fraude fiscale tax exemption exon6ration d'imp6t; d6taxe; franchise tax expenditures pertes de recettes fiscales; d6penses fiscales tax-free hors-taxes - h.t.; exon6r6 d'imp6ts tax/GDP ratio pression fiscale tax handles leviers d'imposition; leviers fiscaux; clavier fiscal tax haven paradis fiscal tax holiday exon6ration fiscale temporaire; trOve fiscale; r6mission fiscale tax incentive avantage fiscal; incitation fiscale tax liability cotisation fiscale; assujetissement A un imp6t tax loophole lacune fiscale, reglementaire tax mitigation allegement fiscal tax office recette (des contributions); perception tax on value added; value added tax taxe A la valeur ajoutee - TVA - VAT tax-paid cost - TPC prix de revient Imp6ts compris tax-paying capacity faculte contributive tax performance ratio taux de recouvrement tax profit schedule imp6t c6dulaire sur les benefices tax rate taux d'imposition tax ratio pression fiscale tax rebate remboursement; d6grevement; parfois: remboursement forfaitaire - 244 - tax reference price [oil] prix de reference fiscal [petrole] tax refund remboursement (du trop pergu); d6grevement tax relief abattement fiscal; allegement fiscal tax return declaration au fisc; declaration d'imp6ts; d6claration de revenus tax sharing partage de l'imp6t, des produits de l'imp6t tax shelter abri fiscal; parfois: refuge fiscal; paradis fiscal tax sparing; matching credit creiit d'imp6t fictif tax surcharge surtaxe tax system r6gime fiscal tax write off abattement; deduction tax yield rendement, produit de l'imp6t teacher-pupil ratio; pupil-teacher ratio taux d'encadrement [rapport enseignant/ MOvesJ; rapport elves/enseignant teacher's guide livre du mattre; guide de l'enseignant teaching aids materiel didactique, pedagogique; moyens d'enseignement; auxiliaires p6dagogiques teaching load charge de l'enseignant; service; (nombre d')heures de cours Technical Advisory Committee - TAC Comite consultatif technique - CCT [CGIAR] technical assistance loan - TAL pret d'assistance technique technical assistant assistant technique technical background connaissances techniques; formation technique; acquis technique; bagage technique technical cooperation among cooperation technique entre pays en developing countries - TCDC developpement - CTPD - 245 - technical efficiency index - TEI indice d'efficacite technique technology transfer; transfer of transfert de technologie technology teething problems problimes de rodage temporary assets actif(s) transitoire(s), temporaire(s) temporary liabilities passHf transitoire, temporaire temporary staff personnel temporaire, contractuel tender documents; bidding document dossier d'appel d'offres tenure see also security of tenure tenure [education] titularisation; garantie de 1'emploi tenure [land] see land tenure teracalorie teracalorie term deposit d6p6t A terme term financing financement a moyen et A long terme terminate prendre fin; mettre fin a; resilier; d6noncer; s'6teindre [obligations]; termination expiration; extinction; terminaison [accords]; resiliation; cessation de fonctions; cession de service; licenciement [personnel] termination grant prime de d6part term loans credits d'6quipement; prets A moyen et A long terme term sheet fiche sur les conditions de financement terms of reference [e.g. consultants] mandat (des consultants); lettre de mission; attributions; termes de r6f6rence terms of reference [study) cadre de ref6rence (d'une 6tude); description; programme (d'etudes); termes de r6ference - 246 - terms of trade termes de I'echange [see also barter terms of trade; double factorial terms of trade; Income terms of trade; single factorial terms of trade] territorial jurisdiction compbtence, jurldiction territoriale tertiary (oil) recovery recuperatlon tertialre test check [accounting] verflcation par sondage test plot parcelle exp&imentale think tank comite, groupe, equipe de r6flexion; r6servoir d'ldees Third Window troisieme guichet 33-Commodity Aggregate Price (Index) indice global des prix de 33 prodults JIBRD] de base threshold countries cas llmites (pays entrant dans la catigorie des) threshold price prix-seull through bill of lading connaissement direct, de bout en bout throughputs d6bit; rendement [see also berth throughput; flows (through system)] through traffic trafic de transit, transitaire, direct tied aid aide conditionnelle, li6e tied currency monnale rattachee a; monnaie d6termin6e par ref6rence a tied resources ressources a emplol specifique tight credit policy politique de resserrement du credit tightening of credit resserrement du creilt tight money argent cher, rare; resserrement du credit; austerite monetaire timber bois d'oeuvre -247 time time-adjusted [accounting] actuallse a partir de la deuxime ann6e time-based contract [consultants] contrat base sur le temps pass6 time deposit d6p6t a terme time frame horizon time lag retard; decalage; Intervalle de temps; d6lal de r6action; temps de r6ponse time limit [ICSID] dMlal time-of-day tariff; time-of-use tarif horo-salsonnier (7OU) tariff [electricity tariffs] time overrun retard par rapport au calendrier time pattern chronologie time series serie chronologique time sharing [computers] partage de temps; temps partag6 time sheet feuille de presence, de pointage; feuille d'emploi du temps time-slice loan pret par 6tapes time underrun avance par rapport au calendrier; gain de temps time value of money valeur actualls6e de l'argent times Interest earned ratio; Interest ratio de couverture de I'lnt6rdt coverage ratio timing date; calendrier; horaire; echelonnement; 6talement; chronologle; r6partition dans le temps; p6rlodlcRt6; fr6quence; rythme tissue culture culture tissulaire title [legal] droits reconnus (sur des terres); droRt de propri6te; droit r6el toilet see latrine - 248 - tombstone avis financier; encart publicitaire ton of coal equivaient - tce tonne 6quivalent charbon - tec ton of oil equivaient - toe tonne 6quivaient petrole - tep top-down (approach) [projects) du somnmet a la base top dressing [agriculturel fumure de couverture top-rated bank loan pret bancaire de premier ordre top sol couche arabie; humus total fertility rate indice synthetique de feconditb tracer study leducation] suivi socio-professionnel tradable [adi.] commercialisable; exportable; echangeable tradable [noun) bien 6changeable tradable but nontraded (goods, item); bien exportable non export6; bien nontraded tradable importable non importe trade trade balance; balance of trade balance commcerciale trade cycle; business cycle conjoncture trade deficit d6ficit commercial trade liberalization liberation des echanges trade name nom commercial; raison sociale trade-off compensation; 6change; & titre d'6change; choix; compromis; arbitrage; concession rAciproque; avantage relatif; relation inverse; interaction; substitution trade organization chambre patronale; association professionnelle trade pattem structure, physionomie, profil des 6changes - 249 - trade promotion promotion des echanges, commerciaie [entreprise] trade publications publications professionnelles trade sanctions sanctions commerciales traded goods blens echanges trademark marque (do fabrique, de commerce) trader commercant [AfriqueJ; acheteur; marchand; n6gociant; op6rateur [Bourse] trading trading see also block trading trading authority, board office de commerciaiisation trading company societ6 commerciale, de commercialisation, de negoce trading currency monnaie d'echange; monnaie pleinement convertible trading partners partenaires commerciaux trading ticket [capital market] ordre d'achat et de vente traffic bearing capacity; load bearing portance capacity traffic count comptage de la circulation; comptage routier train see block train; unit train trainee stagiaire training see advanced training; higher training; in-house training; in-service training; job-related training; mobile training unit; multimedia training module; off-the-job training; on-the-job training; project-related training; retail training; retraining; skill training center; vocational training; wholesale training training and visit (T & V) system systeme de formation et de visites tranching [loans] decoupage (d'un pret) en plusieurs tranches -250 - transfer transfer see also capital transfer transfer charge call; collect call appel en PCV transfer of technology; technology transfert de technologle transfer [see also reverse transfer of technology] transfer payments paiements de transfert; parfois: transferts soclaux transfer price prix de cession interne; prix de transfert; prix interne transformation see industrial transformation; maturity transformation transformation curve; production courbe des possibilites de production possibility curve transition; demographic transition transition (d6mographique) translation; currency translation conversion monetaire; traduction mon6taire translation adjustment [accounting] ajustement de traduction, conversion transmission line [electricity line] ligne de transport transparency [finance] transparence [see also fiscal transparency] trashy farming culture sur r6sidus Treasury bill bon du Tresor en compte courant, a court terme Treasury bond bon du Tresor A long terme Treasury note bon du Tresor treatment plant station d'epuration tree crop culture arbustive tree farming sylviculture; arboriculture tree fodder fourrage arbore - 251 - trend rate taux tendanciel triage triage trial [agriculture] essal de comportement (des vari6tes) trickle-down effect effet d'infiltratlon, de ruissellement, de retomb6e trickle irrigation; drip irrigation irrigation au goutte-a-goutte trigger clause clause de declenchement trigger price prix de declenchement, d'intervention Trigger Price Mechanism - TPM [US] m6canisme des prix de declenchement triple superphosphate - TSP [fertilizer] superphosphate triple tropical cattle unit unite bovin tropical - UBT [see also cattle unit] Tropical Forestry Action Plan Plan d'action forestier tropical [FAO/UNDP/WB/WRI] tropical rain forest foret dense 6quatoriale; foret tropicale humide [see also rain forest] truckers camionneurs; routiers; secteur du camionnage; entreprise de transports routiers trucking industry camionnage true lease contrat de location v6ritable true to type variety; pure variety variet6 d'origine confirmee, pure [agriculture] trunk infrastructure infrastructure primaire trunk roads grands axes; grandes routes; axes routiers trunk sewer collecteur principal 252 - trust trust see blind trust trust fund fonds fiduciaire; fonds de fiducie; fonds g6re; dans certains cas: fonds (d'affectation) special(e) Trust Fund [IFCJ Fonds de placement (pour la conversion de dettes en prise de participations) Trust Fund reflows [IMF] r6emploi des ressources (provenant des remboursements au/) du Fonds fiduciaire trustee administrateur fiduciaire; d6positaire trypanosomiasis trypanosomiase tuber crop tubercule tubewell forage; parfois : puits tubulaire tuition fees frais d'etudes, de scoiarite; frais dU'colage [anciennes colonies belges] tumaround (time) [shipping] rotation; temps d'immobilisation tuming basin bassin d'evitage tumkey contract, project contrat, projet cl6s en main tumover rotation; renouveilement; roulement; chiffre d'affaires [see also inventory turnover] turnover tax imp6t sur le chiffre d'affaires twenty equivalent units - TEU 6quivalent vingt pieds - EVP [containers] two digit inflation; double digit inflation A deux chiffres inflation two-envelope system [consultant] systeme des deux enveloppes two gap model modble a deux 6carts two-tier market double march6 - 253 - -U- UHF link [telecommunications] liaison UHF, en ondes d6cim6triques, d'uitra haute fr6quence ultimate model modele exhaustif ultimate recoverable reserves - URR reserves idealement r6cup6rables - RIR ultra low volume (ULV) spraying pulv6risation ULV, a volume tres r6duit; atomisation umbrella project projet "parapiule' umpire [legal] surarbitre unaccounted [e.g. water, electricity] non comptabillse; non enregistr6; non factur6; non recense; non d6clare unallocatabie expenditure depenses non ventilables unallocated [budget] non impute unappropriated (earned) surplus benefices reportes, non distribues unbundling 6clatement uncalled capital capital non appel6 uncased well puits non tube undercapitalized aux fonds propres Insuffisants undercollection [taxation] insuffisance de recouvrement; moins-percu under contract; contract, by a l'entreprise underemployment sous-emploi undergraduate candidat a la licence; 6tudiant en licence undergraduate studies 6tudes de pr6paration a la licence underground economy; black economy 6conomie clandestine, parallele, souterralne underlnvestment sous-investissement -254- underinvoicing of exports sous-facturation des exportations underleveraged caract6rise par un faible coefficient d'endettement; sous-endette [see also leveraged] underlying sous-jacent; fondamental; tendanciel; latent; de base; structurel underdying costs coOts impliqu6s underiying inflation inflation end6mique, tendancielle undernourished sous-alimentes undernutrition d6nutrition underprice minorer (des marchandises); casser (des prix) underprivileged d6favorise; d6muni; desh&eit underrun [budget] sous-utilisation d'un credit ouvert underrun cost; cost underrun coOts inf6rieurs aux pr6visions; surestimation des coOts; pourcentage de fonds inutilises underrun time; time underrun avance par rapport au calendrier; gain de temps underwriter [securities] garant d'emission underwriters [securities] syndicat de garantie underwriting underwriting see also equity underwriting underwriting commitment garantie d'emission; engagement de prise ferme; engagement de souscription [SFI] underwriting costs coOts de garantie d'emission, de prise ferme underwriting syndicate syndicat (de garantie) d'emission, de prise ferme undeveloped plot parcelle non amenagee, non viabilis6e - 255 - UNDP/World Bank Energy Assessment Programme d'evaluation du secteur Program 6nergetique PNUD/Banque mondiale UNDP/World Bank Water Decade Program Programme PNUD/Banque mondiale pour la decennie de 1'eau potable undrawn balance solde disponible, non utilise unearned income revenus autres que la remuneration du travail uneconomic production production non rentable, non economique unemployment compensation, benefit allocation-ch6mage unengineered road route A caracteristiques reduites unfunded liabilities deficit actuariel unfunded system [insurance; social r6gime fonde sur la repartition security] unified budget budget unHfie unified cross rates parlt6s de change homogenes; correspondance des taux de change entre divers pays unimpaired capital capital net d'obligations unit unit service; bureau; cellule; antenne; organe; unit6 unit activity (crop) budget; budget partiel partial budget unit cost prix de revient A l'unit; coOt unitaire unit elasticity see unitary elasticity unit of account - UA unite de compte - UC unit of fertilizer unite fertilisante unit of output unite de production - 256 - unit price contract march6 a prix unitaires unit train train cargo; train complet; parfois: train bloc; unit trust; open end (investment) soci6t6 d'investissement & capital fund variable - SICAV unit value valeur unitaire unit value export index indice de la valeur unitaire des exportations unit(ary) elasticity 6lasticite egale a l'unitW; elasticite-unit United Nations Programme of Action Programme d'action des Nations Unies for African Economic Recovery and pour le redressement 6conomique et Development, 1986-1990 - UN-PAAERD le developpement de I'Afrique, 1986-1990 [United Nations] unlisted securities market second march6 (de la bourse) unlocated worker travailleur ambulant unpeg (a rate) decrocher [taux de change]; dcsencadrer [cr6dits] unrealized gains plus-values latentes, potentielles unrecorded activities activites non d6clar6es, non enregistrees, non comptabilisees, non recens6es unregulated housing construction anarchique de logements; construction de logement sans plan d'urbanisme; logement "sauvage" unreleased funds fonds que la Banque n'a pas recu l'autorisation de preter unrequited transfer transfert unilateral, sans contrepartie unreserved forest area zone forestiere non classie unrestricted subscription [IDA] souscription non assortie de reserves unscheduled maintenance operatlon de revislon hors-programme - 257 - unseasoned investment investissement qui n'a pas encore atteint son rendement normal unsecured (note, loan, etc.) non garanti; chirographaire unskilled labor manoeuvres; main-d'oeuvre non qualifibe unspent credit balance reliquat du cr6dit unsubdivided plot parcelle non lotie unsuccessful bid offre non retenue untapped resources ressources inexploltees untied aid aide non liMe untying of aid deliement de l'aide unwinding [flnance] denouement upgrade valoriser [p6trole]; enrichir [minerais]; r6habilter (un quartier) upgrading see slum upgrading upgrading of skills perfectionnement upkeep costs frais de fonctionnement et d'entretien [particuliers]; frals d'exploitation et d'entretien [entreprises] upland crops cultures de hautes terres, de montagne upland rice; mountain rice; highland riz sec, pluvial, de montagne, rice de savane, de plateau upper middle Income country - UMIC pays & revenu Intermediaire, tranche sup6rieure - PRITS upper secondary education deuxieme cycle de l'enseignement secondaire upstream process operations en amont upswing phase ascendante, d'expansion; hausse; pointe conjoncturelle; redressement - 258 - upturn (economic) amelioration de la conjoncture; reprise d'activite upward trend tendance a la hausse, haussibre urban development area zone & urbaniser Uruguay Round [GATT] Negociations d'Uruguay usable equity [World Bank] capital disponible useful farm space - UFS superficie agricole utile - SAU useful life duree de vie utile user charges, fees redevances, tarification des usagers; prix a payer; taux; droits; frais [see also road user charges] user friendly d'utilisation facile; simple d'acces; amical; "sympa" utilities (entreprises de) services publics; r6seaux divers; parfois: services et reseaux; equipements collectifs; commodites [architecture] [see also public utilities] - 259 - vaccination crush couloir de vaccination vaccination yard parc de vaccination valuation for customs purposes dhtermination de la valeur en douane value value see face value value-added tax - VAT taxe a la valeur ajoutee - TVA value based accounting; current comptabilitb des coOts courants; value accounting (methode du) bilan actualise value date date de valeur value freezing blocage de la valeur fonciere value In use valeur d'usage variety trial essal vari6tal vault toilet fosse d'accumulation vectorborne disease maladie transmise par des vecteurs vegetable crop culture maratchere vehicle operating costs - VOC coOts de l'exploitation des v6hicules veneer placage; bois d6roule; bois tranch6 veneer log grume de placage veneer wood bois de placage ventilated Improved pit (VIP) latrine fosse d'alsance amelioree et ventilbe venture [IFC] projet; entreprise; operation venture capital; risk capital capital a risque; capital-risque venture capital company societ6 de capital-risque; societe de financement de l'innovation - 260 - vertical alignment [highways] trace du profil en long vertical cofinancing cofinancement vertical vested interests droits acquis; interets en cause VHF link [telecommunications] liaison VHF, en ondes m6triques, de tres haute frequence village village extension worker - VEW agent de vulgarisation de village - AW village level operation and exploitation et entretien au niveau maintenance - VLOM du village - EENV village level worker - VLW agent de village village woodlot bols communal VIP latrine see ventilated improved pit latrine vital event fait d'etat civil vital statistics statistiques de l'etat civil vitamin deficiency avitaminose vocational guidance orientation professionnelle vocational training formation professionnelle volatile capital capitaux speculatifs, instables volatile stock action volatile volatility instabilite; volatilite [actions] volatility ratio [stocksl coefficient b6ta; degr6 de volatilite volume driven program programme dont l'ampleur est fonction du volume des activit6s essentielles voluntary export restraints - VER limitations volontaires des exportations; autolimitation des exportations voluntary lending; spontaneous lending prets spontanes, volontaires - 261 - voluntary restraints (on trade) restrictions volontaires (du commerce) vote without meeting vote par correspondance voting power nombre, pourcentage de voix voting rights voix; nombre de voix; drott de vote voting stock actions donnant drolt de vote voucher bon; mandat de palement; requ; piece justificative; talon - 262 - wage wage agreement accord salarial wage bill masse salariale wage claim revendication salariale wage concessions limitation (volontaire) des salaires wage control r6glementation des salaires wage costs coOts salariaux wage creep; wage drift d6rapage des salaires; glissement des salaires wage freeze blocage des salaires wage goods blens de consommation courante; biens salarlaux wage pressure tendance a la hausse des salaires wage-price indexing indexation des salaires sur les prix wage-price spiral spirale prix-salaires wage rate taux salarial, de salaire wage restraint discipline des salalres; freinage des salaires waive, to renoncer [a un droit]; deroger [a une clause] waiver waiver renonciation [A un droit]; abandon (d'un droit); dispense; derogation [A une loi ou A un r6glement]; lev6e (d'immunitM); desistement waiver (of a right) [ICSID] renonciation - 263 - waiver (of immunity) [ICSID] levee waiver notification [IDA] notification de renonciation au principe de la r6partition des charges war and civil disturbance risk [MIGA] risque de conflits arm6s et de troubles civils warning signal clignotant; indicateur d'alerte warrant [finance] warrant warrant bond obligation a warrant; obligation warrantee wastage see waste waste; loss In weight [commerce] freinte waste; wastage [education] deperditions; dechets; rejets waste see also domestic waste waste disposal 6vacuation des dechets; enlevement des ordures wastewater eaux residuaires [industrie]; eaux usees wasting assets actifs defectibles water water balance bilan hydraulique water-based disease infection, maladie a support hydrique waterborne disease infection, maladie hydrique waterborne sewage system tout-a-l'egout water charges redevances d'eau water control maltrise du plan d'eau; maltrise de l'eau; contr6le du debit [barrage] water engineer hydraulicien water management gestion de l'eau -264 - water supply adduction d'eau (par conduites]; alimentation en eau; approvisionnement en eau; distribution d'eau water treatment plant station d'6puration des eaux water users' association syndicat d'irrigants water-washed disease infection, maladie due au manque d'eau watering see stock watering watering place point d'eau watershed bassin versant; ruissellement; ligne de partage des eaux; crete; tournant [sens figur6] watershed management amenagement du bassin versant waterway vole navigable; vole d'eau ways and means voles et moyens wealth effect effet de richesse wear and tear (fair) usure (normale) wearing course; surface course couche de roulement weighbrlidge pont-bascule weighted average moyenne pond6ere weighted voting system systeme de vote pondcre welfare welfare bien-etre; conditions de vie; action sociale; aide sociale; affaires sociales; promotion sociale; sort; services soclaux [dans une entreprise]; transferts soclaux; prestations sociales welfare costs (of protectionism) coOts economlques (du protectionnisme) welfare economy economie de bien-etre 265 - welfare payments prestations soclales; transferts soclaux welfare State Etat providence well drilling forage, creusement d'un puits welihead tOte de pubts wellhead price prix a la tete de puits well lining revetement du puits wetcore bloc sanitaire wet gas gaz humide wet process [cement manufacture] traitement par voie humide wharfage; wharfage charges droits de qual white goods; big ticket items produits blancs; apparells electromenagers whole farm budget budget global whole farm development developpement Integre de l'exploitation wholesale banking transactions hnterbancaires wholesale training formation des formateurs wholly owned subsidiary filiale a 100 % widening see capital widening wildcat (drilling) forage sauvage, d'exploration, de reconnaissance, de recherche wild flooding Irrigation par ruissellement naturel, par d6versement, par epandage wildiands terres vierges; terroirs vierges willingness to pay - WTP disposition (des beneficiaires, [project evaluation] consommateurs) a payer windbreak brise-vent - 266 - windfall profit b6n6flce exceptionnel; superprofit; profit d'aubaine, inattendu, de conjoncture window (in a market) cr6neau [see also discount window; Third Window] window dressing habillage du bilan window guidance [central bank] encadrement officieux du credit wiring; connection [water, electricity] raccordement; branchement 'with-and-without" test [projects] test "avec et sans withholding tax retenue a la source woodlot see family woodlot; village woodlot word processor op6rateur, op6ratrice de traitement de textes; machine de traitement de textes workers' participation participation des salari6s workers' remittance envol de fonds de travailleurs a l'6tranger; rapatriement de salaires; transfert de salaires [travailleurs 6migres] working working account compte d'exploitation working age population population en age de travailler working agreement accord provisoire working capital fonds de roulement [see also noncash working capital] working capital loan financement du fonds de roulement working capital ratio; current ratio de liquidit6 generale ratio working funds masse de manoeuvre - 267 - Working Group on Fertilizers Groupe de travail sur les engrais [FAO/UNIDO/Wodld Bank] FAO/ONUDI/Banque mondiale working interest [oil, minerals] participation du concessionnaire; interet 6conomique direct working level, at the au niveau des services operationnels; au niveau de l'ex6cution working population population active working ratio coefficient brut d'exploitation working table; performance chart tableau de bord workmen's compensation indemnites pour accidents du travail work out [World Bank] restructuration financiere work out arrangements; workouts arrangements worksheet feuille de travail; fiche de travail; feuille de presence; projet d'etat financier workshop [training] etudes pratiques; atelier World Bank World Bank Capital Markets System Systbme d'information sur les marches - CMS financiers (Banque mondiale) World Bank Country Study rapport economique World Bank Debtor Reporting System systeme de notification de la dette a la Banque mondiale World Bank Group Groupe de la Banque (World Bank) Manufacturing Unit indice de la valeur unitaire des Value (MUV) Index produits manufactur6s (World Bank) Program of Special Programme d'assistance speciale (de ia Assistance (to Member Countries) Banque mondiale aux pays membres) - SAL [sometimes known as Special Action Program, Special Assistance Program] World Bank's Bank Banque de la Banque mondiale -268 - (World Bank) SpecWi Program of programme speciai d'asslstance de ia Assistance (for the Low-Income Banque mondWie (en favour des pays Debt-Distressed Countries in i faibie revenu surendett6s d'Afrique Sub-Saharan Arica) subsaharlenne) Wordd Bank Technical Paper rapport technique de ia Banque mondiaWe World Development Irnicators - WDIs Indicateurs du developpement dans le monde World Development Report Rapport sur le diveloppement dans le monde wrap-up insurance policy police globale wrap-up meeting reunion de synthese write down, to; expense, to amortir de fagon degressive write off [noun] passation par pertes et profis; montants passes par pertes et profits; cr6ance irr6couvrable [see also cumulative write-offs; tax write-offl write off [verb] passer par pertes et profits; rWformer du mat6riel write up [USA] augmentation erron6e d'un poste du bilan; sur6valuation d'un actif comptabilise writing down amortissement degressif Ixii S~~ xx - 270 - yam igname yield curve courbe des rendements yield rate taux de rendement yield test of projects critere de rentabilite des projets yield to maturity - YTM rendement a 1'6cheance - 271 - zero zero base budgeting - ZBB budget base zero - BBZ zero coupon bond obligation a coupon zero zero fee policy gratuite des services zero growth budget budget a croissance zero zero population growth - ZPG accroissement d6mographique nul zero sum game jeu a somme nulle zero tillage system systeme de culture sans preparation du sol zone extension officer - ZEO conseiller agricole de la zone - CAZ [agricultural extension] i French-English Glossary Glossaire franfais-anglais - 275 - -A- a bon rendement 6nergetique energy-efficient a but lucratif profit making a fonds perdus on a grant basis a forte intensite d'6nergie energy-intensive a forte intensite d'importations import-intensive a forte intensite, A fort coefficent de labor-intensive main-d'oeuvre a la recherche de I'avantage personnel rent-seeking a l'entreprise by contract; under contract a la base at the grass root(s) level a la pointe du progres state of the art a maturite at full development a part entiere, autonome, purement ou free standing; self-contained exclusivement (sanitaire, p.ex.) a partir de la base bottom up (approach) a plein rendement at full development a prix constants at constant prices; in real terms a prix coOtant at cost a titre d'6change trade-off a titre de don; a titre gracieux on a grant basis a titre onereux on a payment basis a vocation exportatrice export-oriented abaissement des tarifs, droits de douane tariff cuts abandon drop out abandon (d'un droit) waiver abandon (d'un pret) droppage abandonner en cours d'6tudes drop out abattage cutting abattages slaughtered animals abattement tax write-off abattement a ia base personal exemption abattement fiscal tax deduction; tax relief abattement forfaitaire standard deduction abri fiscal tax shelter absorber to take over absorption merger acceptable manageable acceptation bancaire bank acceptance, bill; banker's acceptance acces au credit credit availability accessibilite affordability acconnage lighterage accord settlement accord cadre frame agreement accord cadre de coop6ration framework cooperative arrangement accord d'aide eventuelle standby agreement - 276 - ime mcR;zzfY-! : MB-sGyaanent .; ^^:; : .. t investment agreement -. -- 2Oe cession de creance assignment agreement ac-c rdoe coentreprise joint venture agreement ;ccUi de commercialisation marketing arrangement accord de confirmation standby arrangement a cord de credit de developpement development credit agreement aCCod de domiciliation set aside agreement .:ei-.d de financement supplementaire project fund agreement de icence licensing agreement -.s ecde maintien du statu quo standstill agreement * o--. -. de Now York Plaza Agreement C c&ord de partage de sOret6 security sharing agreement accord de pr6t loan agreement Accord de pr§t entre la Banque et la SFI Master Loan Agreement ao.eord de prdt subsidiaire Subsidiary Agreement &ecord de produit commodity agreement zc co ,d de projet project agreement ,_cord d3e rachat buyback agreement; take-out agreement acceo td de r6echelonnement pluriannuel multiyear rescheduling arrangement repurch ase agreement -. - .ep-se de pr6t loan assummption agreement acc Tddc, r6tention d'actions share retention agreement aceord de sOret6 security agreement accrcr du Louvre Paris agreement; Plaza If agreement; Louvre agreement Accord du Plaza Plaza Agreement accord provisoire working agreement accord relatif au maintien de la valeur maintenance of value agreement accord salarial wage agreement accords compensatoires offset agreements accords de crbdit credit arrangements aeczo,rds internationaux sur les produits international commodity agreements de base accrolssement d6mographique nul zero population growth accroissen ent net additionality accroissements accruals accueillir to handle accumulation accruals accumulation des investissements crowding in c3at de composants, de pibces A outsourcing c..&.ranaer a:lha> de composants, de pibces sourcing achat de couverture hedge buying achats procurement acnats cdrects dans le commerce off-the-shelf purchases achats en grandes quantites bulk procurement achem.inement shipping acheminer to handle - 277 - acheteur trader achbvement completion (of a project) acompte down payment (on the budget deficit); advance deposit; progress payment; retainer aconnage lighterage acquis locked In acquis technique technical background acquisition de valeurs mobiliires, stock ownership actions acquisition des connaissances leaming acquisition des connaissances par les leaming by discovery methodes actives acte constitutif aricles of incorporation; charter (of a company) acte de fideicommis deed of trust acte officiel Instrument actes proceedings actif assets actif circulant, disponible current assets actif conditionnel contingent asset actif de reserve reserve asset actif net capital base actif(s) transitoire(s), temporaire(s) temporary assets actifs ali6nables saleable assets actifs corporels tangible assets, property actifs defectibles wasting assets actifs nets net worth actHfs productifs performing assets action performance action catalytique catalytic role action cotee en bourse publicly traded share, stock action du gouvemement govemment performance action gratuite bonus share action iiberee paid-up stock; fully paid stock action ordinaire common share; common stock; ordinary share; equity action sociale welfare; social development action sur la demande demand management action volatile volatile stock action(s) stock actions corporate stocks actions d'apport en travail sweat equity actions de garantle qualifying shares actions de priorite preferred stock actions donnant droit de vote voting stock actions en circulation outstanding shares, stock actions gratuites stock dividend actions nominatives registered share, stock; personal stock - 278 - actions privilegiees preferred stock activit6 centrale core process activites operation(s); performance activites complementaires follow-up activit6s declarees, enregistrees, recorded activities comptabilisees, recensees activites directement improductives directly unproductive profit seeking de maximisation de la rente activities activit6s de vulgarisation, d'animation outreach activities activites essentielles core business activites non declarees, non unrecorded activities enregistrees, non comptabilisees, non recens6es activit6s pr6alables a la mise en valeur predevelopment work activites satellites noncore activities actualisation des flux financiers, discounted cash flow method methode d' actualis6 a partir de la deuxieme ann6e time-adjusted actualiser to discount adaptation adjustment adaptation industrielle industrial transformation additionnalite additionality adduction d'eau water supply ad6quation du capital aux besoins capital adequacy adhesion accession adhesion officielle formal adherence ad hoc ad hoc adjudicataire contractor; successful bidder; award adjudication des devises foreign exchange auction adjudication publique, ouverte open tender; public tender Administrateur Executive Director Administrateur Banque/Fonds dual executive director administrateur du projet project officer administrateur fiduciaire trustee Administration government administration government services administration (p.ex. portuaire) authority administration locale local government; local authority administration portuaire port authority administrations publiques general govemment admissibilite eligibility, eligibility conditions admission intake affacturage factoring affaires sociales welfare affectation assignment affectation de credits budget appropriation affectation des benefices allocation, appropriation of profits affectation des credits allotment affectation des fonds du pret allocation of loan proceeds - 279 - affectation des ressources allocation of resources affectation du revenu net allocation of net income affecter earmark (funds) affiliation membership afflux bunching afforestation afforestation Afrique subsaharienne Sub-Saharan Africa agence de cooperation counterpart agency agence de cotation, de classement (des rating agency titres) agence d'6valuation financiere rating agency Agence multilaterale d'assurance des Multilateral Investment Insurance Agency investissements Agence multilaterale de garantie des Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency investissements agent agent; agent bank agent boursier; agent de change broker agent de recouvrement billing agent agent de sante communautaire community health worker agent de terrain field worker; field agent agent de village village level worker agent de vulgarisation extension agent, worker agent de vulgarisation de village village extension worker agent de vulgarisation travaillant sur field-level extension worker le terrain agent d'execution executing agency agent economique economic man; economic unit agent financier fiscal agent agent recrut6 localement local employee agents staff agents de maltrise supervisory staff agents de terrain field staff agglomere de fumier dung cake agio premium agrandissement extension agregat aggregate agregats monetaires monetary aggregates agriculteur farmer agriculteur de liaison contact farmer agriculteur demuni resources-poor farmer agriculteur novateur advanced farmer agriculture de decrue floodplain agriculture, cultivation agriculture de subsistance subsistence farming agriculture sur pente hillside farming agroeconomiste agro-economist agroforesterie agroforestry agroindustrie agroprocessing agroindustries agribusiness; agroindustries; agro-based industry -280 - aide & la restructuratlon, A Ialustement adjustment aid aide budgetaire budgetary aid aide-comptable bookkeeper aide concesslonnelle, llb6rae concessional, concessionary aid aide conditionnelle, 116e tied aid aide en nature commodity assistance aide hors-projet nonproject aid aide non lie untied aid aide p6dagogique instructional aid aide-programme program aid aide projet project aid aide publique au d6veloppement official development assistance aide sociale welfare aide-soignante practical nurse aiguillage referral aire d'infestation infected area alsance mon6talre easy money ajustement de change exchange adjustment ajustement de traduction, conversion translation adjustment ajustement financier financial adjustment ajustemen: structurel structural adjustment ajuster reconcile aleas contingencies aleas financiers financial contingency aleviner to stock aWigner reconcile aligner sur to peg (prices, interest rates) aliment d'appoint supplemental, supplementary feed aliment de base staple (food) alimentatlon en eau water supply ailments complimentalres feed supplement; supplement ailments composes mixed feeds aliments du b4tail feed allegement (d'une dette) relief allegement de la dette debt relief allegement fiscal tax mitigation; tax relief aller trop loin overshoot allocation-chomage unemployment compensation, benefit allocation de change exchange allocation allocution statement allocution principale keynote address, speech alourdissement automatique de pression fiscal drag fiscale alphab6tisation literacy education alphabetisation fonctionnelle functional literacy alphabetisme literacy amalgame mix amelioratlon de la conjoncture upturn (economic) amelloration des methodes de gestion management development - 281 - am6nagement development; management; relief; scheme amenagement (d'une dette) relief am6nagement de la dette rescheduling of a debt; rephasing of a debt amenagement de l'environnement environmental engineering amenagement de 1'espace land use planning am6nagement de l'ombrage shade management amenagement des carribres career development amenagement des parcours range management amenagement des terrains land development amenagement des terres land improvement; land development amenagement du bassin versant watershed management amenagement du terrain site development amenagement du territoire land use planning; physical planning; regional planning amenagement forestier forest management amenagement hydroenergetique hydrodevelopment amenagements terminaux, au niveau de on-farm developments, improvements l'exploitation amenageur physical planner amendement fertilization amorce de la reprise takeoff (e.g. of an economy) amortir de facon degressive to write down; to expense amortissement amortization (of loan); payoff; redemption amortissement accelerb accelerated depreciation amortissement cumule accumulated depreciation; accrued depreciation amortissement de la dette debt retirement amortissement degressif writing down; declining balance method; reducing charge method amortissement differe deferred depreciation amortissement lineaire, constant straight-line depreciation amortissement par annuites annuity-type repayment terms (amortissement) par annuites (6gales) level annuity system analyse ex ante ex ante analysis analyse coOts-avantages cost-benefit analysis analyse de deroulement flow chart; process chart analyse de l'6quilibre general general equilibrium analysis analyse de point mort, par le point mmar break-even analysis analyse de reseaux network analysis analyse de sensibilite sensitivity analysis analyse des echanges interindustrieEs input-output analysis analyse des flux financiers funds flow analysis analyse des goulets d'etranglement bottleneck analysis analyse statique d'equilibre partiel static welfare analysis analyse transversale cross-sectional analysis analyste des valeurs securities analyst ancien participant fellow animateur field worker; motivator; outreach worker animateur rural extension agent, worker - 282 - animation community development animation, activit6s d' outreach activties animaux reproducteurs breeding stock annee budgetaire fiscal year; financial year annee cafeiere coffee year annee de reference, de base base year annexe schedule annonce de contributions pledging annualisation annualization annuite annuity annulation forgiveness (of a debt) annulation de la dette debt cancellation annulation (d'un pret) cancellation (of a loan) antenne field unit; outreach activities; outreach post; unit antenne de formation mobile training unit anthracite stone coal anticipations inflationnistes inflationary expectations anticipations rationnelles rational expectations antistimulant disincentive antitransformation negative term transformation aplatissement (de la courbe d'un flattening out graphique) appareil administratif administrative machinery appareil de mesure des Irregularites de bump integrator la chauss6e appareils 6lectromenagers white goods; big ticket items appel a la concurrence dont la competitive bidding in accordance with publicite est faite localement local procedures; local competitive bidding appel a la concurrence internationale international competitive bidding appel A la concurrence locale local competitive bidding appel d'offres competitive bidding; invitation to bid, to tender appel d'offres international international competitive bidding appel d'offres international restreint limited international bidding appel de fonds call for capital; call of capital appel en PCV collect call; transfer charge call; reverse charge call appelable callable (capital, subscription) appoint, d' marginal apport package apport (en ressources) input apport de capital investment apport de capitaux capital inflow; inflow of capital apport de fonds publics official flows apport en calories calorie intake apport en espbces cash equity apport en num6raire cash input - 283 - apport(s) d'engrais fertilization apports (de fonds) accruals apports intermediaires Intermediate Inputs appreciation appreciation (in value) apprendre par l'experience leaming by doing apprentissage learning apprentissage par l'action leaming by doing appret finishing approbation clearance approbation tacite, (procedure a) "no objection' (procedure) approche & la carte menu approach approfondissement du capital capital deepening approvisionnement en eau water supply approvisionnements procurement approvisionnements en intrants input supplies approvisionner replenish (an account) appui technique backstopping aptitude a assurer le service de la dette debt servicing capacity apurement settlement apurer (un compte) reconcile aqueduc culvert arbitrage trade-off arbitrage de change exchange arbitrage arbitrage fiscal tax arbitrage arbitre arbitrator arboriculture tree farming arbre d'ombrage shade tree arbre forestier forest tree arbre fourrager fodder tree; forage tree archivage storage argent au jour le jour call money; day to day money; demand money; money at call; overnight funds argent cher, rare tight money argent oisif idle cash argument & l'appui de... justification aridoculture dry farming; dryland farming arpentage survey; surveying arrangement de soudure bridging arrangement, credit Arrangement multffibres Multifibre Arrangement arrangements work out arrangements; workouts arrangements consortiaux club deal arrangements de commercialisation orderly marketing arrangements ordonnee, d'organisation du (de) march6(s) arret shutdown arretb bylaws arrieres arrearage; arrears; debt due arrieres d'imp6ts delinquent taxes arri6res de paiement payment arrears - 284 - arrivages landings article commodity article de marque proprietary good, item (articles, sommes, etc.) passes par losses and write-offs pertes et profts aspects non mat6riels software assainir reclaim assainissement land reclamation; rehabflitation; sanitation assainissement des taudis slum upgrading assainissement du milieu environmental health, sanitation assainissement financier financial adjustment assecher reclaim Assemblee annuelle (des Conseils des Annual Meetings (of the Boards of Gouvemeurs) de la Banque mondiale et Governors) of the World Bank and du Fonds monetaire international the International Monetary Fund assiette (de l'imp6t) tax base assise financiere capital base assise industrielle industrial base assistance relief assistance operationnelle Operational Assistance assistant de secretariat staff assistant assistant technique technical assistant association professionnelle trade organization assolement cropping pattern assouplissement monetaire (politique d') monetary ease assujetissement a un imp6t tax liability assurance des investissements investment insurance assurance multilaterale des multilateral investment insurance investissements assurance multirisque, "tous risques" comprehensive insurance assurances sociales social insurance assurer la releve to take over assurer le service d'un pret service a loan asymetrie des echeances maturity mismatch atelier workshop atelier d'engraissement feedlot atomisation ultra low volume spraying attendus d'un accord preamble to an agreement; recital of an agreement attestation sur la dette exterieure debt representation letter attestations representations attraction crowding in attribution award attribution d'actions gratuites bonus issue attributions terms of reference attrition attrition; natural wastage au coCt des facteurs at factor cost (f.c.) au niveau de l'ex6cutlon at the working level - 285 - au niveau de la communaute at the grass root(s) level au niveau des services operationnels at the working level au niveau local at the grass root(s) level au prix de revient at cost audit audit audit 6nergetique energy audit auditeur auditor augmentation au merite merit Increase augmentation de la valeur appreciation (In value) augmentation de l'importance des financial deepening circuits financiers augmentation de l'importance du secteur industrial deepening industriel augmentation erronee d'un poste du bilan write-up augmentation generale du capital General Capital Increase augmentation selective du capital Selective Capital Increase austerite budgetaire budget stringency austerite financibre financial restraint, stringency aust&eit monetaire monetary stringency; tight money auto-ajustement self-adjustment auto-amortissable redeemable auto-approvisionnement self-sufficiency auto-assistance self-help auto-assurance self-insurance autocentre inward-looking autoconsommation home-consumed production; on-farm consumption autocorrection self-adjustment autofinancement self-financing autolimitation self-restraint autolimitation des exportations voluntary export restraints autonomie self-reliance autonomie collective collective self-reliance autorisation clearance autorisation legislative enabling legislation Autorite qui a designe (les experts Designating Authority (of Panel Members) figurant sur la liste) autorites government autosoins; autotherapie self-care; self-treatment autosuffisance self-sufficiency autres apports du secteur public other official flows autres postes de l'actif sundry assets autres postes du passif sundry liabilities aux fonds propres insuffisants undercapitalized aux prix courants at current prices auxiliaires p6dagogiques teaching aids aval guarantee avance de demarrage mobilization advance avance par rapport au calendrier time underrun -286 - avance pour la preparation du projet Project Preparation Facility advance avance PPF Project Preparation Facility advance avances mobilization payments avances a vue call money; day to day money; demand money; money at call avances de caisse cash advance avances et retards leads and lags avant-m6tre preliminary estimates of quantities avant-projet engineering studies; preliminary design, engineering avant-projet detaille detailed design avant-projet sommaire preliminary design, engineering avantage incentive avantage additionnel net incremental net benefit avantage comparatif comparative advantage avantage en aval downstream effect, benefit avantage fiscal tax incentive avantage induit induced benefit avantage induit en amont induced-by benefit avantage induit en aval stemming-from benefit avantage marginal marginal benefit avantage relatif trade-off avantages additionnels incremental benefits avantages collectifs social advantages avantages economiques economic benefits avantages sociaux, complementaires fringe benefits avantageux concessional; concessionary avenant amendment, amending agreement avertissement tax bill, demand avertisseur leading indicator; signal avis de preselection invitation to prequalify avis financier tombstone avis general de passation de marche general procurement notice avis juridique legal opinion avitaminose vitamin deficiency avocat advocate avoir de reserve reserve asset avoir fiscal tax credit avoir un effet multiplicateur leverage avoirs assets; holdings avoirs a l'etranger foreign assets avoirs A vue sight assets avoirs au coOt d'acquisition historically valued assets avoirs en caisse cash balance; cash holdings; cash in hand; cash on hand avoirs en or gold holdings avoirs en portefeuille stock ownership avoirs exterieurs foreign assets avoirs int6rieurs domestic assets - 287 - avoirs non productHs nonperforming assets avoirs officiels official holdings avoirs remunerateurs, productifs earning assets axe sur l'avenir forward-looking axes routiers trunk roads - 288 - -B- bac ferry bachelier graduate bagage background bagage minimal basic skills bagage technique technical background bail avec option d'achat lease purchase bain antiparasitaire dip baisse downswing; downturn (economic) balance commerciale balance of trade; merchandise balance; trade balance balance des paiements courants current balance of payments balance des paiements courants, des current account operations courantes banalise converted to a full-service operation banque (de credit) hypothecaire mortgage bank banque agreee authorized bank banque associee affiliate bank banque d'affaires investment bank; merchant bank banque de d6p6t deposit bank banque de deuxieme rang second tier bank banque de developpement development bank Banque de la Banque mondiale World Bank's Bank banque d'emission bank of issue; issuing bank banque depositaire depository bank banque de reserve reserve bank banque d'origine parent bank banque mere parent bank banque non bancaire nonbank bank; nonbank financial institution banque off-shore offshore bank banques installees sur les principales money center banks places financibres bareme schedule; tariff schedule; tariffs barbme dbgressif degressive scale bareme des prix price list barils equivalent petrole barrels of oil equivalent barils par jour 6quivalent petrole barrels per day of oil equivalent barometre signal barrage A remblai de terre earthfill dam barrage de derivation diversion dam barrage de retenue storage dam barrage en terre foulee earthfill dam barre d'armature, de renforcement rebar barriere non tarifaire nontariff barrier base cumulee de calcul des interets cumulative charge number base, de underlying - 289 - base de calcul des interets charge number base d'imposition tax base base industrielle industrial base base monetaire high-power(ed) money bases de soumission bidding conditions bassin d'evitage turning basin bassin d'immersion dipping tank bassin houiller coal field bassin hydrographique catchment area; catch basin; drainage basin bassin versant watershed; catchment area; catch basin bateau-citerne tanker b6nefice income; profit benefice au change exchange premium b6nefice brut d'exploitation gross operating profit ben6fice comptable, fictif, theorique paper profit benefice exceptionnel windfall profit b6n6fice net net income (for period) btnefice net d'exploitation attribuable project rent au projet benefices earnings benefices non distribues earned surplus; retained earnings bbnefices occultes hidden profits ben6fices r6investis plowed-back profits benefices reportes, non distribues unappropriated (earned) surplus beneficiaire de l'aide de l'IDA IDA recipient beneficiaire de la garantie guarantee besoins collectifs social wants besoins de financement borrowing requirements besoins nets de tresorerie net cash requirements besoins nutritifs nutrient requirements bestiaux cattle betail cattle; livestock betail sur pied cattle on the hoof biais bias bidonville slum; squatter area, settlement bief d'amont headrace bien 6changeable tradable bien-etre welfare bien-etre social social welfare bien exportable non exporte nontraded tradable; tradable but nontraded (item, good) bien importable non importe nontraded tradable; tradable but nontraded (item, good) biens capitaux capital goods; capital equipment biens collectHfs social goods; public goods biens corporels tangible assets, property; physical assets biens de capital capital goods; capital equipment biens de consommation consumer goods biens de consommation courante wage goods - 290 - biens de consommation durables durable goods; durables; consumer durables biens de production producer goods; investment goods biens d'equipement capital goods; capital equipment; investment goods biens d'equipement menager household goods biens d'int6r6t social merit goods biens echanges traded goods biens et services goods and services biens et services marchands commodity biens fongibles consumables biens immeubles real assets biens incorporels intangible assets, property biens intermediaires intermediate goods; intermediate inputs biens materiels tangible assets, property; physical assets biens mobiliers chattels biens ne faisant pas l'objet d'echanges nontraded goods internatlonaux biens non schangeables nontradable biens r6els real capital; tangible assets, property biens salarlaux wage goods biens standards off-the-shelf goods biens terminaux, finals final goods biens tut6laires merit goods bilan bottom line; performance; schedule bilan actualise, (methode du) current cost (value) accounting bilan consolide consolidated balance sheet bilan des projets (d'agriculture, etc.) sector implementation review bilan d'execution implementation review bilan d'execution des projets (par pays) country implementation review bilan energetique energy audit; energy balance bilan financier financial performance, results bilan fourrager feed balance; feed estimate bilan hydraulique water balance billet a ordre promissory note billets de tresorerie commercial paper bloc sanitaire wetcore blocage freeze (of salaries, prices, etc.); jumbo borrowing, loan blocage de la valeur fonciere value freezing blocage des prix price freeze blocage des salaires wage freeze bois communal village woodlot bois de defriche cleared wood bois de feu fuelwood; firewood bois de placage veneer wood bois d6roul6 veneer bois d'oeuvre timber bois rond roundwood bois sci6 sawnwood - 291 - bois tranche veneer boisement afforestation boisement et reboisement reafforestation bon note; voucher bon a prime (d'emission) discount note bon a taux flottant; bon a taux revisable floating rate note bon a vue demand note bon de sortie exit bond bon d'equipement development bond bon du Tresor Treasury note bon du Tresor a long terme Treasury bond bon du Tresor en compte courant, a court Treasury bill terme bon ne portant pas int6ret noninterest bearing note bon non negociable nonnegotiable note bon rendement energetique, a energy-efficient bonification des terres land Improvement bonification d'lnterets Interest rebate; Interest subsidy, subsidization bonne volonte, clause de goodwill clause bonus (au comptant) cash bonus bord a bord, de free in and out bordereau schedule bordereau de prix priced bill of quantities bornage survey borne; borne-fontaine standpipe; standpost; hydrant borner to peg out bosquet familial family woodlot boues activees activated sludge bourse McNamara McNamara Fellowship bouture cutting bovin a aptitude mixte; bovin A double fin dual-purpose cattle bovins cattle branche subsector branche d'activite industry branche d'activite marchande industry branche d'activit6 pionniere, pioneer industry d'avant-garde branche industrielle industry branchement connection; wiring; service; service line; supply line brigade d'entretien maintenance unit brise-vent windbreak British thermal unit British Thermal Unit brOlis ash farming; burn-beating; burning brut de reference marker, benchmark crude brut l6ger d'Arabie light Arabian crude; Saudi Arabian light crude budget A croissance zero zero growth budget - 292 - budget base zero zero base budgeting budget de devises exchange budget budget de fonctionnement current budget budget de gestion cash budget budget de l'exercice en cours current budget budget d'equipement, d'investissement capital budget; investment budget budget de realisation performance budget budget de tresorerie cash budget budget d'exploitation operating budget budget d'une exploitation farm budget budget extraordinaire special budget; extraordinary budget budget global whole farm budget budget ordinaire current budget budget par poste line item budget budget partiel partial budget; unit activity (crop) budget budget previsionnel budget estimates budget de programmes program budget budget unifie unified budget budgetisation budgeting budgetisation integrale full budgeting bump integrator bump integrator bureau unit bureau de representation representative office bureau d'6tudes consulting firm bureau du projet project management unit; project unit bureau ext6rieur field office bureautique office automation buse culvert - 293 - -- cabinet a chasse d'eau cistem flush latrine cabinet a fosse pit privy cabinet-conseil; cabinet de consultants; consulting firm cabinet d'etudes cable de garde ground wire cabotage coastal shipping cadastre land register cadre de direction executive cadre de reference (d'une etude) terms of reference cadre institutionnel institutional framework cadre superieur executive cadres executives; higher level staff; managers; management; professional staff; managerial staff; supervisory staff cadres (moyens) middle management cadres de maltrise supervisory grades cadres sup6rieurs management cafe parche parchment coffee cahier des charges specifications cahier des clauses gen6rales general conditions of contract cahier des clauses particulieres special conditions of contract caisse d'amortissement sinking fund caisse d'avances revolving fund caisse de credit agricole agricultural credit intermediary caisse de financement de la production _gricultural wroduction and export (apex) et des exportations agricoles bank caisse de perequation stabilization fund; equalization fund Caisse de retraite du personnel Staff Retirement Fund caisse de s6curite sociale social security fund; social security scheme caisse de stabilisation des changes exchange stabilization fund calcul design calcul de r6sistance et de stabilite structural design calcul des coOts costing calcul des prix de revient cost accounting calcul des prix soclaux social pricing calcul sur une base annuelle annualization cale de radoub; cale seche dry dock calendrier schedule; timing calendrier d'amortissement amortization schedule; repayment schedule calendrier des ech6ances, debt service schedule d'amortissement de la dette camion-citerne tanker camion grumier logging truck camionnage trucking Industry - 294 - carmionneurs truckers campagne crop year canal de fuite tailrace; spillway chute canalisation harnessing candidat a la licence undergraduate cantonnier lengthman capacite contributive ability to pay capacite d'absorption absorptive capacity capacite d'accueil capability capacite d'amarrage berthing capacity capacite d'autofinancement internal cash generation; internally generated funds; cash generation capacit6 de charge (aes paturages) carrying capacity capac3ie de financement creditworthiness; credit standing capacite d'emprunt, d'endettement borrowing capacity capacite d'endettement creditworthiness; credit standing; debt carrying capacity capaci46 de production productive capacity capacite d'importation derivee des importing power of exports exportations capacit6 excedentaire, inutilisee excess capacity capacite financi6re affordability capacite nominale rated capacity capacite nominale, theorique design capacity capital stock capitai-actions share capital capital a risque venture capital; risk capital capital d'amorgage, de lancement seed capital, money capital, de capital-intensive capital disponible usable capital capital emis issued share capital capital entierement libere paid-up capital capital fixe fixed capital; capital asset(s) capital immobilier real estate equity capital investi investment capital lib6re paid-in (share) capital; primary equity capital national capital stock capital net d'obligations unimpaired capital capital non appele uncalled capital capital-risque venture capital; risk capital capital social capital stock; equity; equity capital; capital stock (of a corporation); share capital capital social autoris6 authorized share capital capital technique capital goods; capital equipment capital verse paid-in (share) capital capitalisation compounding capitalisation boursiere (d'une capitalization entreprise) - 295 - capitalisation des effets de l'inflation inflation accounting capitaliser capitalize capitalistique capital-intensive capitaux a des conditions commerciales commercial capital capitaux etrangers, exterieurs (publics, foreign capital (official, private) prives) . capitaux febriles hot money; funk money capitaux geles, bloqu6s, immobilises frozen capital capitaux immobilises, bloques locked up capital capitaux investis cash equity capitaux mobiles, disponibles, flottants floating capital capitaux permanents capitalization; investment capital; invested capital; capital; (owners') equity plus medium- and long-term (MLT) debt capitaux propres stockholders' equity; shareholders' equity; owners' equity; equity; net worth capitaux publics official capital capitaux speculatifs, instables volatile capital captage harnessing capture catch caractere compl6mentaire additionality caractere plus ou moins favorable, degree of concessionality liberal caracterise par un faible coefficient underleveraged d'endettement caracterise par un fort degre highly leveraged; leveraged d'endettement caracteristiques de performance performance specifications caracteristiques techniques design standards; specifications carburol gasohol carence en sels mineraux mineral deficiency carence nutritionnelle nutritional deficiency carence prot6ique protein deficiency carottage logging carotte core sample; core; bore core carotte de sondage bore core; core; core sample; drill core carre compound carrossable serviceable carte menu approach carte de creiit professionnelle corporate charge card carte des options menu approach cas limites (pays entrant dans la threshold countries categorie des) cash-flow cash flow casser (des prix) underprice catalogue price list caution bancaire guarantee - 296 - caution de soumission bid bond caution solidaire joint and several guarantee cautionnement bonding; guarantee cautionnement prealable, provisoire bid bond cautionnement provisoire bid security cedant assignor c6der A titre onereux to dispose (of for value cellule unit cellule de base core housing; nuclear housing; dwelling core cellule economique economic unit cellules 6lementaires core housing; nuclear housing centieme de pour cent basis point centrale plant centrale A charbon coal fired power station centrale aliment6e & la biomasse biomass (power) plant, station centrale au fuel diesel (fired) power plant centrale au mazout oil fired power station centrale de base base load station centrale de production de biogaz biogas plant centrale miniere pfthead power plant centrale thermique A vapeur steam plant centralisation pooling centre targeted centre d'6change de renseignements clearing house centre de co2ts cost center centre de decision decision-making body centre de formation professionnelle skill training center centre d'enseignement education facilities centre de profit profit center centre de protection maternelle et mother and child health center infantile centre de r6serve reserve center centre de responsabilite responsibility center centre de sante publique public health center centre d'6tudes avanc6es excellence center centre d'excellence excellence center centre d'information clearing house centre d'investissement investment center centres internationaux de recherche international agricultural research agricole centers cereales fourrageres feed grains c6r6ales panifiables bread grains cereales secondaires coarse grain(s) cereales traditionnelles coarse grain(s) cer6ales vivribres food grains certificat de dep6t certificate of deposit certificat de reception (des travaux) completion certificate (of a project) cessation de fonctions termination - 297 - cessation de palement default (on payment) cessation de service separation cessation des prets (de la BIRD) graduation cession assignment cession a bail leasehold cession d'actions divestiture cession d'6cheances de prets sale of loan maturities cession de dettes debt sales cession de portefeuille, de titres portfolio sale cession de service termination cession de titres en portefeuille sale from portfolio cession d'actions (d'une nouvelle spin-off societe aux actionnaires de la soci6t6 mere) cession-bail leaseback cessionnaire assignee chatne (de production) production line chaine alimentaire food chain cha7ne de retroaction feedback loop chambre de compensation clearing house chambre patronale trade organization champ field champ d'application coverage champ off-shore, sous-marin offshore field change libre free (foreign) exchange changement shift chantier site charbon cokefiant coking coal charbon de centrale; charbon de chaudibre steam coal charbon epure clean coal charbon maigre hard coal; anthracite charbon tout-venant mine run coal; run-of-mine coal charbon-vapeur steam coal charge extender; stock charge de base base load charge de l'enseignant teaching load charge de pointe peak load charge de prets loan officer charg6 de projets project officer charg6 des decaissements disbursement officer charge fiscale tax burden charge minimale base load charge potentielle (d'un paturage) stock carrying capacity (of an area) charge utile carrying capacity; payload chargement complet de conteneur full container load chargement partiel de conteneur less than container load charger (un pAturage) stock (to) charges a payer accruals charges calcul6es noncash expenses - 298 - charges comptabilis6es en trop overaccruals charges de fonctionnement, d'exploitation operating expenses, costs charges d'exploitation non monetaires noncash operating expenses charges recurrentes, renouvelables recurrent costs charges constatees d'avance deferred charges, expenses charte charter (of a company) charte-partie charter party chaussee lat6rale service road chef de chantier site foreman chef de file lead bank; lead manager chef d'entreprise entrepreneur chef des services financiers comptroler chemin critique, methode du critical path method chenal d'acces entrance, access, leading channel; fairway cheptel cattle; stock cheptel (vif) livestock chiffre approximatif ballpark figure chiffre d'affaires turnover chiffres effectifs, constates, reels actual(s) chiffres indicatifs de planification Indicative Planning Figures chiffres residuels (obtenus par residuals difference) chimie fine pharmaceutical chemistry chirographaire unsecured (note, loan, etc.) choc petrolier oil shock choix trade-off ch6mage declare, connu open unemployment ch6mage frictionnel frictional unemployment ch6mage occulte, deguis6 concealed, covert, disguised, hidden unemployment ch6mage structurel structural unemployment chronologie time pattern; timing cible targeted circuit de commercialisation channel classement de projets project ranking classement des impayes par anciennete aging schedule classement des postes job grading classement matriciel, a double entree cross-classification classes alternees; classes de roulement double shift teaching; double shifting Classification internationale type, par International Standard Industrial industrie, de toutes les branches Classification of All Economic Activities d'activite economique Classification type pour le commerce Standard International Trade international Classification classique standard clause compromissoire arbitration clause clause d'ant6riorite grandfather clause clause de bonne volonte goodwill clause clause d'echelle mobile escalator clause - 299 - clause de conditionnalite reciproque cross-conditionality clause clause de d6clenchement trigger clause clause de d6faut crolse cross-default clause clause de derogation temporaire bisque clause clause de la nation la plus favorls6e most-favored-nation clause clause de malntien des avantages acquis grandfather clause clause de manquement reciproque cross-default clause clause de mise en vigueur liMe cross-effectiveness clause clause de nantissement nbgative, de ne negative pledge clause pas faire, n6gative, pad passu clause de rendez-vous (periodic) review clause clause de renvol cross-reference clause clause de revision (des prix) escalation clause clause de r6vision des prix price adjustment, escalation clause; escalator clause clause de risque independant sole risk clause clause de sauvegarde escape, break, jeopardy clause; hedge clause clause de subordination reciproque pour cross-effectiveness clause l'entr6e en vigueur clause d'exlgibilit crois6e cross-default clause clause d'ill6galite illegality clause clause d'indexation escalator clause clause multidevises multicurrency clause clause pari passu parl passu clause; negative pledge clause clause p6nale penalty clause clause prevoyant des primes bonus clause clauses covenants clauses restrictives bracketing clavier fiscal tax handles client client country client A faible utilisation low load factor consumer client basse tension low voltage consumer client haute tension high voltage consumer client moyenne tension medium voltage consumer clientele client country; goodwill clignotant warning signal; signal clinker clinker cl6ture de l'instance closure of the proceeding coassurance qualitative qualitative coinsurance coassurance quantitative quantitative coinsurance cochef de file (banque) colead manager coefficient beta volatility ratio coefficient brut d'exploitation working ratio coefficient d'actualisation discount factor coefficient de Bruno Bruno ratio coefficient de Bruno modifie internal exchange rate; modified Bruno ratio coefficient de capital capital-output ratio - 300 - coefficient de capitallsation des price-earning ratio; P/E ratio resultats coefficient de charge du reseau system load factor coefficient de conversion base sur la consumption conversion factor consommation coefficient de conversion standard standard converslon factor coefficient de corr6lation des rangs de Spearman's rank correlation coefficient Spearman coefficient de coOt en ressources domestic resource cost ratio; domestic interieures resource cost coefficient coefficient de liquidite liquidity ratio; reserve ratio coefficient de lissage smoothness ratio coefficient de placement sinking fund factor coefficient de protection effective effective protection coefficient coefficient de protection nominale nominal protection coefficient coefficient de recuperation du capital capital recovery factor coefficient de subvention effective effective subsidy ratio coefficient d'importation (ratio des import coefficient importations a la production totale) coefficient d'intensit6 capitalistique capital-labor ratio coefficient d'int6rets compos6s compounding factor coefficient d'occupation des sols land use ratio coefficient d'utilisation des fonds gearing ratio propres coefficient marginal de capital incremental capital-output ratio coefficient marginal de reserve marginal reserve requirement coefficient minimum d'encaisse minimum cash ratio coefficient net d'exploitation operating ratio coefficient technique input-output coefficient coentreprise joint venture coffret kit cofinancement cofinancing cofinancement Napr&s coup" ex post cofinancing cofinancement vertical vertical cofinancing cofinancier cofinanc(i)er cogestion codetermination; comanagement cokerie coke oven plant collaborateurs staff collecte de donnees data collection collecter collect; to raise (funds, etc.) collecteur main(s) collecteur principal trunk sewer collectif (budgetaire) budget amendment collection kit collections CKD completely knocked down kits collectivite locale government; local government; local authority collectivit6 publique ou organisme constituent subdivision or agency (of a dependant (d'un Etat contractant) Contracting State) - 301 - college d'enseignement general junior high school colonie; colonisation settlement colonisation rurale, agraire land settlement combinaison mix combustible a base de charbon coal-based fuel combustible de bouciage swing fuel combustible de synthese synthetic fuel; synfuel combustible fossile fossil fuel combustion en couche fluidis6e fluidized bed combustion comite conjoint joint committee Comite conjoint charge d'examiner la Joint Committee on the Remuneration of remuneration des Administrateurs et des Executive Directors and their Alternates Administrateurs suppl6ants Comite conjoint de la Banque et du Fonds Joint Bank/Fund Committee for pour l'examen de certains elements du Review of Certain Elements of systeme de remuneration du personnel the Staff Compensation System Comite consultatif technique Technical Advisory Committee comite de reflexion task force; think tank Comite des indemnisations Claims Committee Comite du developpement Development Committee Comite interimaire Interim Committee Comite ministeriel conjoint des Joint Ministerial Committee of the Boards Conseils des Gouverneurs de la Banque of Governors of the Bank and the Fund on et du Fonds sur le transfert de the Transfer of Real Resources to the ressources reelles aux pays en Developing Countries (Development developpement (Comite du developpement) Committee) comite mixte joint committee Comite mixte de la procedure Joint Procedures Committee Comite mixte des Administrateurs de la Joint Bank/Fund Committee of Executive Banque et du Fonds sur la remuneration Directors on Staff Compensation du personnel Comite mixte du contr6le de gestion Joint Audit Committee comite paritaire joint committee Comite plenier Committee of the Whole Comite preparatoire de l'AMGI MIGA Preparatory Committee Comite special charge de determiner la Ad Hoc Committee on the Valuation of Bank valeur du capital de la Banque Capital commande control commandes directes direct shopping commanditer (une etude) commission commer,ant trader commerce de transactions sur marchandises commodity trade commerce de transit; commerce en entrep6t entrep6t trade commerce exterieur foreign trade commercialisable tradable commercialisation marketing commissaire aux comptes auditor; independent auditor commission (p.ex. banques) fee(s) commission d'adjudication awarding committee - 302 - Commission de conciliation Conciliation Commission commission de direction management fee commission de disponibilltb availability fee commission de garantle guarantee commission, fee commission de garantle d'achat backup facility fee commission de gestion management fee commission de gestlon pay6e par l'IDA IDA management fee commission d'engagement commitment charge, fee commission d'engagement speciale special commitment charge commission d'instructlon (oan) origination fee commission d'lntroduction d'une application fee demande commission de renouvellement renewal fee commission de service service charge commission de service et d'appui service and support fee commission d'ouverture front-end fee commission initiale de remboursement front-end prepayment fee anticip6 Commission mixte des Conseils de Joint Committee of the Boards of Governors Gouverneurs (Rapport Muldoon) (Muldoon Report) commission syndicale management fee commissionnaire d'achat buying agent commissions courues sur prets accrued loan commissions commodites utilities comparaison de prix prudent shopping compartimentation departmentalization compensation trade-off compenser (ses pertes) recoup competence de base basic skills comp6tence territoriale territorial jurisdiction comp6tences expertise; qualifications c-ompl6ment de salaire fringe benefits complement nutritionnel nutritional supplement complementarite complementarity completement demonte completely knocked down comportement (professionnel) performance comportement de l'economie economic performance composante component (of a project) composante en devises foreign exchange component composante formation du projet project-related training composition coverage; mix composition 6nergetique optimale optimal energy mix compostage composting compression financial restraint, stringency compression des b6nefices profit squeeze compression du credit credit squeeze; credit tightening compressions budgetaires budget cuts compromis trade-off comptabiliser to record - 303 - comptabilite analytique d'exploitation cost accounting comptabilite de caisse cash (basis) accounting comptabilite de gestion cash (basis) accounting; management accounting; managerial accounting comptabilite d'entreprise business accounting comptabilite des couts courants current cost (value) accounting comptabilite des prix de revient cost accounting comptabilite des stocks stock accounting comptabilit6 d'exercice accrual (basis) accounting comptabilite d'inflation inflation accounting comptabilit6 en partie double double entry accounting comptabilite en partie simple single entry accounting comptabilite indexee sur le niveau general price level accounting; price general des prix level accounting comptabilite matieres stock accounting comptabilite nationale national accounts; social accounts comptabilite patrimoniale accrual (basis) accounting comptabilite sociale social accounts comptabilite sur la base des faits accrual (basis) accounting g6n6rateurs comptage metering comptage de la circulation traffic count comptage g6neral bulk metering comptage routier traffic count compte auxiliaire subsidiary account compte d'affectation sp6ciale earmarked account compte d'attente suspense account compte d'avances advance account compte d'avances de caisse imprest account, fund compte d'avances pour la pr6paration du project advance account projet compte d'avances temporaires imprest account, fund compte de capital capital account compte de charge expense account compte de credit credit account compte d'egalisation, de perequation des exchange equalization account changes compte de garantie bloque escrow account compte de pret loan account compte de reconciliation reconciliation account compte de ressources et emplois income and outlay account compte de rbsultats income (and expenditure) account; income statement; profit and loss account compte de resultats consolide consolidated income statement compte de revenu revenue account compte des banques centrales auprbs de Central Bank Facility la BIRD compte des operations avec l'exterieur external (transactions) account compte des operations en capital capital account -304 - Compte de versements special Special Disbursement Account compte d'exploitation working account; operating account compte d'operations operation account compte d'ordre memorandum account compte d'utilisation du revenu outlay account compte ext6rieur external (transactions) account compte "primes d'emission" share premium account compte recapitulatif summary account compte rendu proceedings compte rendu de mission back-to-office report compte rendu sommaire Summary Proceedings compte renouvelable revolving account compte reste du monde external (transactions) account compte special Special Account compte-titres securities (custody) account comptes clients; comptes crediteurs accounts receivable; receivables comptes debiteurs accounts payable comptes de caisse divers sundry cash accounts comptes de la nation national accounts comptes exterieurs foreign accounts comptes fournisseurs accounts payable comptes nationaux national, social accounts comptes sociaux social accounts comptoir (financier) one-stop agency comptoirs sociaux social marketing program concentration des depenses, des front loading; front-loaded (e.g. remboursements au debut d'une periode spending) donn6e concentration des echeances bunching of maturities concentration des echeances (d'une dette) debt bunching concentration des risques bank exposure concentration excessive des risques overexposure concepteur-projeteur designer conception design conception assistee par ordinateur computer aided design conception du projet project design conception technique engineering development conception trop ambitieuse, de overdesigned concertation negotiations; discussions; consultation concession claim; compound; franchise; leasing; settlement concession r6ciproque trade-off concessionalite concessionality concessionnel concessional; concessionary concilier reconcile conclusions pleadings concours d6finitif non-reimbursable government grant; grant financing concours temporaire reimbursable government loan - 305 - concurrence hors prix nonprice competition concurrence parfaite pure, perfect competition condamn6 locked in condens6 abstract condition status conditionnalite conditionality conditionnalite reciproque, clause de cross-conditionality clause conditionnement processing conditions a remplir eligibility; eligibility conditions conditions classiques, commerciales, du conventional terms marche conditions d'entree en vigueur conditions of effectiveness conditions de vie welfare conditions liberales concessional terms conducteur; conducteur d'engins operator conducteur de travaux head foreman conduite management conduite forcee penstock conduite principale main(s) c6ne Sud Southern Cone conference maritime liner (shipping) conference Conf6rence sur la maternite sans danger Safe Motherhood Conference [IBRD/WHO] conge formation block release conjoint et solidaire joint and several conjoncture business cycle connaissances techniques know-how; technical background connaissances techniques, specialisees expertise connaissement bill of lading connaissement direct, de bout en bout through bill of lading conseil counsel Conseil administratif Administrative Council Conseil d'administration Board of Directors Conseil des Administrateurs Board of (Executive) Directors; Executive Board Conseil des Gouverneurs Board of Governors Conseils d'administration de la Banque Boards of the Bank and the Fund et du Fonds conseils en reintegration outplacement conseiller agricole agricultural extension officer conseiller agricole de la zone zone extension officer conseiller de direction management consultant conseiller en gestion management consultant consentement consent (to jurlsdiction) conservation des sols soil conservation consid6rants d'un accord preamble to an agreement; recital of an agreement consigner to record consignes permanentes standing instructions, orders consolidation (d'une dette) refinancing - 306 - consolidation de ia dette debt consolidation; debt funding; rescheduling of a debt; rephasing of a debt consolider les echeances consolidate maturRties consommation ostentatoire conspicuous consumption consommations intermediaires input consortialiser to syndicate a loan consortium (d'aide a un pays) consortium (for a country) consortium bancaire syndicate consortium de placement selling consortium, group, syndicate constitution de stocks inventory investment; stockpiling constitution du dossier d'indemnisation filing claims constitution du dossier de financement loan processing constitution en soci6te incorporation constructeur manufacturer construction development construction anarchique de logements unregulated housing construction de logement sans plan unregulated housing d'urbanisme constructions et 6quipements hardware constructions metalliques metal works consultant recrut6 pour une courte short term consultant periode consultation de fournisseurs a l'6chelon international shopping international consultation de fournisseurs a l'echelon local shopping national consultation de fournisseurs prudent shopping; shopping consultation (directe) de fournisseurs direct shopping conteneurisation containerization continental onshore contingent intake contingent (p.ex. d'importations) quota contingent d'importation import quota contingent tarifaire tariff quota contournement des droits de douane tariff jumping contractant contractor contragestion contragestion; contragestation contraint locked in contrat contract contrat "a armes egales" arm's length contract contrat a forfait lump sum contract contrat au pourcentage percentage (fee) contract contrat bas6 sur les hommes-mois fournis man-month contract contrat bas6 sur le temps pass6 time-based contract contrat cadre call order contract contrat cles en main turnkey contract contrat d'achat ferme take-or-pay agreement, contract cuntrat de duree determinee fixed term contract - 307 - contrat de dur6e indeterminee open-ended contract contrat de gestion management contract contrat de location-exploitation operating lease contrat de location-financement finance, financial, full pay out lease contrat de location veritable true lease contrat de palement contre livraison take-and-pay contract contrat de partage de la production production-sharing contract contrat de plan program contract contrat de prise ferme take-or-pay agreement, contract contrat de report repurchase agreement contrat de risque risk contract contrat de sous-traitance subcontract contrat "marche en main" "market-in-hand" agreement contrat-plan program contract; performance contract contrat "produit en main" product in hand contract contrat-programme performance contract contravention au contrat breach of contract contravention aux regles de passation de misprocurement marches contre-allee service road contremattre foreman contre-m6moire counter-memorial contrepartie compensation; consideration contre-transformation mismatch contribuant contributor; consideration contribution tax assessment contribution assimilable a un don grant-like contribution contr6lable manageable; monitorable contr6le ownership (of a corporation) contr6le (continu) monitoring contr6le de fonctionnement process control contr6le de gestion audit; management audit; performance monitoring controle des changes exchange control contr6le (suivi) des performances; performance monitoring contr6le (suivi) des resultats; contr6le d'exAcution controle du credit directed credit contr6le du debit water control contr6le du fisc tax audit contr6le financier financial audit; audit contr6leur de gestion management auditor contr6leur financier comptroler conurbation conurbation convention collective collective agreement; labor agreement Convention pour le reglement des Convention on the Settlement of differends relatifs aux Investment Disputes between States and investissements entre Etats et Nationals of other States ressortissants d'autres Etats - 308 - conversion au pair conversion at par conversion de dettes en fonds propres debt-equity conversion conversion de la dette en capital debt-equity conversion conversion industrielle industrial transformation conversion monetaire currency translation cooperation technique entre pays en technical cooperation among developing developpement countries coop6rative agricole de production et agricultural production and export (apex) d'exportation cooperative copie certifiee conforme conformed copy corbeille mix correction monetaire monetary correction correspondance des taux de change entre unified cross rates divers pays correspondant agent bank corrige des variations saisonnieres seasonally adjusted cotation (de titres en bourse) listing (of securities) cote quotations; tax assessment cote de credit creditworthiness; credit standing cotisation fee(s) cotisation fiscale tax liability cotisations a la securite sociale social security contributions couche arable top soil couche de base base; road base couche de fondation subbase couche de forme subgrade couche de liaison base course couche d'enrobe overlay couche de roulement surface course; wearing course couche de surface surfacing couloir corridor couloir de vaccination vaccination crush coupe cutting; logging coupe-feu firebreak coupure outage courant standard courantes above the line (item) courbe d'apprentissage learning curve courbe de croissance growth pattern courbe de l'offre supply curve courbe des possibilites de production production possibility curve; transformation curve courbe des rendements yield curve courbe d'indifference indifference curve cours quotations cours d'achat buying rate of exchange cours de perfectionnement advanced studies cours de recyclage, perfectionnement refresher course cours du lour going price -309 - cours du marche prevailing market rate cours integre a elements interchangeables course Interchange cours vendeur selling rate courtage brokerage courtier broker; buying agent courtier (en valeurs mobilieres) securities dealer; securities firm coat cost coOt a l'origine historical cost coOt annexe associated cost coat, assurance, fret cost, Insurance and freight coOt collectif social costs coOt d'acquisition historical cost coOt de fabrication a l'etranger offshore cost coat de renoncement opportunity cost coOt de renouvellement, de remplacement replacement cost coOt de transfert interieur domestic transfer cost coOt des emprunts borrowing cost coOt des emprunts doublement pondere double-weighted borrowing cost coOt des facteurs, au at factor cost (f.c.) coOt diff6rentiel incremental cost coOt d'inactivite des capitaux carrying cost, charge of capital coOt d'installation et fournitures balance-of-system costs coGt d'investissement capital cost coOt d'opportunite sociale social opportunity cost coOt d'opportunite, d'option opportunity cost coOt economique economic cost coGt-efficacite cost-effectiveness coOt en devises exchange cost; foreign exchange cost coOt en monnaie nationale local cost; onshore cost coat en ressources interieures domestic resource cost coOt historique historical cost coOt induit induced cost coOt initial front-end cost coOt marginal incremental cost; marginal cost coOt marginal a long terme long-run marginal cost; efficiency price; efficient price coOt marginal de capacite marginal capacity cost coOt marginal moyen average incremental cost coOt marginal moyen a long terme long-run average Incremental cost coOt reel des devises domestic resource cost coOt unitaire unit cost coOts anterieurs, irreversibles sunk cost coOts de base base, baseline costs coOts de deroutement diversion costs co&ts de garantie d'emission, de prise underwriting costs ferme coOts de main-d'oeuvre labor costs coOts de possession carrying costs, charges coOts d'installation de chantier mobilization costs - 310 - coOts economiques (du protectionnisme) welfare costs (of protectionism) coots fictifs imputed costs coOts fixes fixed costs coOts impliques underlying costs coots imput6s allocated costs couts indirects (services d'experts, etc.) in-kind costs couts indivisibles indivisibilities coOts inferieurs aux previsions cost underrun coOts internes d'importation internal importing costs (coOts) moyens rolled (costs) (coOts) non imputables au projet nonincremental (costs) (coOts) non lies au projet nonincremental (costs) coOts proportionnels, methode des direct costing coOts salarlaux wage costs coOts theoriques imputed costs coOts variables, methode des direct costing couverture coverage couverture A terme forward cover couverture de l'emission mon6taire monetary cover couverture de risques hedging couverture des frais fixes fixed charge coverage couverture des operations a terme hedging couverture du service de la dette debt service coverage couverture v6getale plant cover cr6ance claim creance (financibre) financial claim creance douteuse bad debt; doubtful debt creance irrecouvrable write off; bad debt creances interieures domestic assets creances non productives, immobilisees nonperforming debt creances reciproques interlocking debt creancier non prioritaire junior creditor creation de liquidit6s internal cash generation; internally generated funds; cash generation creation d'institutions institution building creation nette de liquidites net cash revenue credit creditworthiness; credit standing credit acheteur buyer credit; buyers' credit; financial credit credit a la consommation consumer credit credit b l'exportation export credit credit A l'importation pour la reconstruction import credit reconstruction credit A l'importation pour le rehabilitation import credit redressement economique credit A vue, a tres court terme call money; day to day money; demand money; money at call credit-bail finance, financial, full pay out lease; leasing - 311 - cr6dit bon march6 easy money credit budg6taire budget appropriation credit consortial club loan credit croise swap credit de campagne seasonal credit cr6dit de soudure bridging arrangement, credit cr6dit d'heures day release cr6dit d'imp6t tax credit credit d'imp6t 6tranger foreign tax credit de l'imp6t etranger cr6dit d'imp6t fictKf tax sparing; matching credit credit d'imp6t pour investissement Investment tax credit cr6dit documentaire documentary credit cr6dit en nature credit-in-kind cr6diter un compte de charge to expense cr6dit financier financial credit credit-fournisseur supplier credit; supplier's credit credit institutionnalis6 formal credit credit non institutionnalls6 Informal credit cr6dit ponctuel carryover loan credit r6ciproque matching credit credit relais bridging facility cr6dit renouvelable, reconductible revolving credit; rollover credit credits auto-amortissables self-liquidating assets credits d'equipement term loans credits de trbsorerle cash advance credits hypoth6caires mortgage financing credits publics a l'exportation official export credit creneau window (in a market) crOte watershed creusement d'un puits well drilling crise recession crise de liquidite liquidity squeeze critere standard critbre de rentabilite des projets yield test of projects critbres (d'attribution, de s6lection, eligibility; eligibility conditions d'accbs, etc.) critbres de performance; performing assets critbres de r6alisation critbres de provenance eligibility; eligibility conditions croissance annuelle moyenne mean annual increment croissance autonome, auto-entretenue self-sustaining growth croissance durable sustained growth croissance l6thargique sluggish growth croquis directeur sketch plan cultivateur farmer culture arbustive tree crop culture commerciale cash crop culture continue continuous cropping culture de couverture nurse crop; cover crop - 312 - (culture) de cycle v6gbtatif court short season (crop) culture de decrue flood recession crop; recession crop culture de plein champ field crop culture de rapport cash crop culture d6robee catch crop culture de soutien companion crop culture du pauvre spoor man" crop culture en bandes, en ail6es, en couloirs alley cropping; strip cropping culture en bour rainfed agrIculture culture en sec dry farming; dryland farming; rainfed agriculture; rainfed crop culture en zone aride dry farming; dryland farming culture intercalaire intercropping; intercrop culture Itinerante shifting cultivation culture maralchbre vegetable crop culture marchande cash crop culture multiple multiple cropping; multicropping culture non irdigu6e rainfed agriculture culture perenne; culture permanente perennial crop culture pluviale rainfed agriculture; rainfed crop culture pure pure stand culture seche dry farming; dryland farming; rainfed agriculture; rainfed crop culture suivant les courbes de niveau contour farming culture sur coupe et brOlis slash-and-burn cultivation culture sur r6sidus trashy farming culture tissulaire tissue culture culture vivace perennial crop culture vivriere food crop culture vivriere de base staple (food crop) cultures crops cultures associees associated crops, cropping cultures de contre-salson off-season, out-of-season crop cultures de hautes terres, de montagne upland crops cultures en lignes, sarclees row crops cultures energetiques energy cropping cultures successives double cropping; sequential cropping cycle budgetaire budget process cycle combine combined cycle cycle du projet project cycle cycle 6conomique business cycle cycle vegetatif court, (culture) de short season (crop) - 313 - dans des limites raisonnables manageable d'appoint marginal date timing date de cloture closing date date de la mise en paiement payout date date d'entr6e en vigueur effective date date de reglement settlement date date de valeur value date date de versement payout date de base underlying de bord a bord free in and out de capital capital-intensive de conception trop ambitieuse overdesigned de la base au sommet bottom up (approach) de plein droit ex-officio de pointe state of the art de reference standard de toute facon bottom line debats proceedings debit flow; throughputs d6bit d'un poste d'amarrage, a quai berth throughput debiter un compte de charge to expense d6bloquer to release d6boisement deforestation debours; deboursement; decaissement disbursement decaissement rapide, (pr6t a) quick disbursing (loan) decaissements cash expenditures decalage shift; time lag d6calage de croissance growth lag decalage entre les echeances mismatch d6calages chronologiques leads and lags decantation settlement decapitalisation stock dilution, watering; dilution Decennie internationale de l'eau International Drinking Water Supply and potable et de l'assainissement Sanitation Decade decharge landfill decharge contr6l6e sanitary landfill decharge du paturage destocking decharge sauvage dumping dechets waste; wastage dechets scolaires drop out decideur decision-maker d6cideur de prix price maker, setter decision par defaut d'opposition avant lapse-of-time decision une date determinbe - 314 - declaration statement d6claration au fisc tax return Declaration concernant les politiques Declaration of Environment Policies de l'envlronnement et les proc6dures and Procedures Relating to Economic relatives au developpement 6conomique Development declaration de politique de d6veloppement letter of development policy declaration de poitique sectorielle letter of sectoral policy declaration d'imp6ts tax return d6claration d'intention letter of Intent declaration de revenus income tax return; tax return d6clarations representations declasser downgrade (a loan) declinatoire de competence objection to jurisdiction declivit6 gradient d6collage takeoff decompositlon breakdown d6corticage dehusking; husking decote discount d6coupage (d'un pret) en plusieurs tranching tranches decouvert overdraft faclities d6couvert de tr6sorerie cash deficit decrocher unpeg (a rate) decrutement outplacement dedommager, se recoup dedouanement clearance deduction tax write-off d6ductions fiscales tax allowances d6faillance du marche market failure defaut default defaut croise, clause de cross-default clause defaut de paiement default (on payment) defavorise underprivileged defense contre les inondations flood control deficit gap; shortfall deficit actuariel unfunded liabilities deficit budg6taire budget deficit; budgetary gap deficit commercial trade deficit d6ficit courant current account deficit deficit de financement funding gap deficit de ressources resource(s) gap d6ficit (des recettes) d'exportation export shortfall deficit de tresorerie cash deficit deficit d'exploitation operating deficit deficit energetique energy gap definition d'emploi job description definition du projet project identification deflateur deflator deflateur des decalssements disbursement deflator 315 - d6flateur des engagements commitment deflator deflateur des prix agricoles agricultural price deflator deflateur implicite du produit int6rieur implicit gross domestic product deflator brut deflation deflation defrichage clearing defrichage (illicite en for6t) encroachment defrichement land reclamation defricher reclaim degagement (d'un gage) redemption dbgraissage des effectifs downsizing degre de volatilite volatility ratio degre d'instruction educational status degrbvement relief; tax rebate; tax refund d6guerpissement slum clearance delai time limit d6lai de grace grace period delai de recuperation, de payback period recouvrement, d'amortissement, de remboursement delai de reaction time lag delegation de credits agency line delegation de pouvoirs delegation of authority D3l6gue Deputy d6liberations proceedings d6liement de l'aide untying of aid delit d'initi6s insider dealing demande biochimique en oxygene biochemical oxygen demand demande biochimique en oxygene biochemical oxygen demand over five days sur 5 jours demande comprimee pent-up demand demande d'adhesion membership application demande d'admission application for membership demande de consommation consumer demand demande de pret loan application demande de prix price quotations demande de propositions request for proposal demande de remboursement recall demande de renseignements et de prix prudent shopping; quotations demande de ressources claim (on resources) demande de retrait (du compte de pret application for withdrawal (from loan ou de credit) account or credit account) demande effective effective demand demande globale aggregate demand demande irr6guliere, en dents de scie lumpy demand demande refoulee pent-up demand demande soutenue buoyant demand demander le remboursement anticipe accelerate (to) a loan demander le remboursement d'un pr6t call in a loan - 316 - demanteler to disestablish demarches representations demarrage takeoff d6membrement des actifs asset stripping demenagement relocation d6multiplication, mecanisme de stretching mechanism d6muni underprivileged deni de responsabilite discdaimer denoncer terminate denouement unwindiing densite agraire density of the agricultural population per unit of cultivable area densite de la population vivant de density of the agricultural population per l'agriculture unit of cultivable area densite g&nerale par unit6 de sol density of population per unit of cultivable cultivable area densite physiologique density of population per unit of cultivable area denutrition undernutrition d6partement de service staff department dbpartement de soutien support department departement d'execution line department departement operationnel operational department depassement de credit overexpenditures depassement de devis, de coOts cost overrun depasser overshoot depenses de fonctionnement operating expenses, costs; recurrent expenditures depenses de personnel labor costs depenses d'equipement capital expenditure depenses d'exploitation operating expenses, costs depenses d'infrastructure economique et social overhead investment sociale depenses d'investissement capital expenditure; capital outlay depenses ordinaires (re)current expenditures depenses publiques (en capital public (capital) expenditure(s) d'equipement, d'investissement) depenses renouvelables recurrent expenditures deperdition scolaire drop out deperditions waste; wastage depistage early diagnosis depistage et rappel retrieval deplacement relocation; shift deplacement de la demande demand shift deplacement sur le terrain field trip deport discount depositaire trustee deposition statement dep6t a terme term deposit; time deposit - 317 - d6p6t a vue demand deposit; sight deposit dep6t de bons note deposit dep6t prealable advance deposit depouillement des actifs asset stripping depouillement des offres examination of bids; opening of bids d6preciation de la monnaie currency depreciation derapage slippage; lag d6rapage des salaires wage creep, drift dereglementer decontrol; remove, lift credit restrictions; deregulate derive slippage; lag dernier entrb, premier sorti last in, first out dernier versement payoff derniere offre bottom line derogation waiver d6rogation temporaire, clause de bisque clause d6roger to waive deroulement development desaffection shift disaisonnalise seasonally adjusted description terms of reference description de poste job description d6s6conomies diseconomies desencadrer lift, remove credit restrictions; decontrol; unpeg (a rate) d6sencadrer (le credit) decontrol; remove, lift credit restrictions desengagement divestiture desepargne dissaving d6sherite underprivileged designation nomination desincitation disincentive desinflation disinflation desinflationniste disinflationary d6sinterm6diation disintermediation desinvestissement disinvestment; divestiture desistement waiver; discontinuance dessin design dessinateur designer d6sutilite disutility desutilite marginale marginal disutility detachement secondment detacher delink detaxe tax exemption detente du credit easy money d6tenteur holder determination de la valeur en douane, customs valuation (practices) (methodes de) determination de la valeur en douane valuation for customs purposes determination des coDts costing - 318 - dethesaurisation dishoarding detournement de biens d'exportation (au diverted exports profit du projet) dette a garantie publique publicly guaranteed debt dette amortle retired debt dette annulee cancelled debt dette consoliede funded debt dette de rang inferieur junior debt; subordinated debt dette exterieure non amortie outstanding external debt dette liquidee retired debt dette notifiee reported debt dette obligataire funded debt dette officielle official debt dette privilegiee senior debt, loan dette publique public debt dette publique d6tenue par les publicly held government debt particuliers dettes liabilities dettes & long terme long-term liabilities dettes en monnaie currency liabilities deuxieme cycle de l'enseignement upper secondary education secondaire developpement development d6veloppement integre de l'exploitation whole farm development d6veloppement social social development developpement sous-regional area development deversement discharge devis cost estimate; schedule devis descriptif specifications devis estimatif; devis m6tr6 bill of quantities devis mbtres final design quantities devis quantitatif bill of quantities devise foreign currency devise forte hard currency diagramme de circulation flow chart; process chart diagramme de dispersion scatter chart, diagram; scattergram diagramme de flux flow chart; process chart diagramme des liaisons logiques network diagram diagramme en batons, en barres bar chart diagraphie logging diff6re d'amortissement grace period diffbrentiel differential differentiel de change exchange rate differential differentiel d'interets interest-rate differential diffusion en retour feedback (of information) diffusion restreinte restricted distribution diguette bund diguette suivant les courbes de niveau contour bund diluant extender - 319 - dilution du capital stock dilution, watering; dilution; stock watering dimensionnement design diminution drawdown diminution naturelle des effectifs attrition; natural wastage dipl6m6 graduate dipl6mes credentials directeur de publication editor directeur du projet project manager direction management; Management direction par objectifs management by objectives direction participative participative management directive du Manuel administratif Administrative Manual Statement directive du Manuel de la passation des Procurement Manual Statement marches directive du Manuel du personnel Personnel Manual Statement directive du Manuel operationnel Operational Manual Statement directives guidelines directives permanentes standing instructions, orders discipline area; subject matter discipline des salaires wage restraint discours-programme; discours-theme keynote address, speech dispatching dispatching dispensaire itinerant mobile clinic dispense waiver disponibilite availability disponibilites monetaires money stock; money supply disponible exploitable offtake dispositif facility Dispositif d'action conjoncturelle Contingency Mechanism dispositif d'intervention contingency plan dispositif de s6curite safety net disposition layout disposition (des b6n6ficiaires, willingness to pay consommateurs) a payer dispositions commerciales marketing arrangements distorsion bias distribution delivery system; supply system distribution d'actions (d'une nouvelle spin-off societe aux actionnaires de la societe mere) distribution d'actions gratuites bonus issue distribution d'eau water supply diversification des risques exposure diversification diversit6 biologique biodiversity division des risques exposure diversification document a l'appui de... justification document-cadre de politique economique Policy Framework Paper - 320 - document d'information, de reference, de background paper base document de politique generale policy paper document de strategle (pour un pays) country strategy paper document de synthese issues paper document de travail discussion paper document de travail des services de la Staff Working Paper Banque document qui fait le point de la technique state of the art paper dollar international international dollar domaine area; field domaine eminent eminent domain domaines marginaux fringe areas don en espbces cash grant donateur principal lead donor donner acces au chantier hand over the site to the contractor donnees basees sur une coupe statistique cross-sectional data donn6es brutes raw data donnees de base baseline data; key data donn6es exclusives, privees proprietary data donnees ponctuelles dated information dont les interets impayes ne sont pas in a nonaccrual status comptabilises dosage blending (of flows); mix dosage des facteurs input mix dossier issues paper; package dossier d'appel d'offres bidding documents dossier d'execution [une fois approuve] detailed design dossier de pres6lection prequalification documents dossier de projets pipeline of projects dossier technique engineering design dossier-titres securities (custody) account dossier type (d'appel d'offres) model bid documents dotation input dotation (en effectifs) staffing dotation en capital capital endowment; equity grant doter en personnel staff double imposition double taxation double march6 two-tier market double recolte double cropping; sequential cropping double vacation double shift teaching; double shifting drainer to raise (funds, etc.) droit fee(s) droit antidumping antidumping duty droit applicable governing law droit compensateur countervailing duty droit d'abattage slaughterhouse fee droit d'accise; droit de consommation excise tax droit de conversion stock option - 321 - drolt (de douane) ad valorem ad valorem (customs) duty droit (de douane) specHique specific (customs) duty (droit de) gage lien droit de jouissance beneficial interest droit de propri6te title droit de vote voting rights droit d'excise excise tax droit d'exploitation de brevet licensing agreement drolt d'expropriation eminent domain droit d'immatriculation registration fee droit d'inscription registration fee droit pour le dep6t des requetes fee for lodging requests droit reel title droits user charges, fees drofts acquis vested interests droits de douane tariffs droits de port port dues; harbor dues, fees droits de preemption preemptive rights; first refusal rights droits de quai wharfage; wharfage charges droits de souscription stock rights droits d'occupation land tenure rights droits exclusifs proprietary rights droits reconnus (sur des terres) title "dry farming" dry farming; dryland farming du sommet A la base top-down (approach) dumping dumping durabilite sustainability durcissement des conditions de pret hardening of loan terms duree (d'un pret, d'une obligation, etc.) maturity (of a loan, bond, etc.) duree de vie economic life duree de vie utile life (of a project); useful life duree de vie utile du projet project life duree d'immobilisation down time duree d'un pret life of a loan duree utile economic life d'utilisation facile user friendly dynamisme buoyancy - 322 - eau douce fresh water eau salubre safe water eau sous conduite, courante piped water eau(x) brute(s) raw water eaux interieures inland waters eaux r6siduaires; eaux usees wastewater ecart differential; gap ecart (entre les cours au comptant et a spread (between spot and forward terme) quotations) ecart d6flationniste deflationary gap ecart entre deux prix, de prix price differential, spread ecart entre les marges spread of spreads ecart entre les taux d'interet interest-rate differential 6cart entre taux de change exchange rate differential 6cart inflationniste inflationary gap 6cart type standard deviation 6change trade-off &change de creances contre des debt-equity swap participations 6changeable tradable echanges compenses, de compensation countertrade bchanges interindustriels, analyse des input-output analysis 6chantillon aleatoire random sample -chantillon representatif cross section sample 6chantillonnage par grappes cluster sampling 6ch6ance maturity (of a loan, bond, etc.) ech6ance d'un jour overnight maturity echeances a moins d'un an current maturities ech6ancier schedule echeancier du service de la dette debt service schedule echelle mobile sliding scale echelonnement timing eclatement unbundling ecobuage ash farming; burn-beating; burning ecobuage slash-and-burn cultivation ecole a selection continue, a streamed school progression diff6renci6e, a plusieurs classes par annee d'etudes ecole d'application; ecole exp6rimentale demonstration school; laboratory school; model school; practice school ecole polyvalente, a enseignement comprehensive school multiple economie a planification centrale, centrally planned economy d'Etat - 323 - economie clandestine black economy; underground economy; submerged economy; parallel economy economie de bien-etre welfare economy economie de consommation consumption economy 6conomie de l'offre supply side economics economie de marche free-enterprise economy; free market economy 6conomie de monoculture single crop economy economie d'endettement overdraft economy economie de subsistance subsistence economy economie dirigee controlled economy; command economy; directed economy; managed economy economie du secteur public public economics economie monetaire cash economy economie nationale domestic economy economie ouverte open economy economie parallele black economy; underground economy; submerged economy; parallel economy economie partielle piecemeal economy 6conomie planifiee centrally planned economy; nonmarket economy economie reposant sur une maximisation rent-seeking economy de la rente 6conomie souterraine black economy; underground economy; submerged economy; parallel economy economie tributaire d'un seul produit export-enclave economy d'exportation economies avoided cost economies d'6chelle economies of scale economies d'energie energy conservation economique cost-effective economiquement faibles disadvantaged group economiquement faibles, les low income people economiseur (d'energie) energy-saving device economiste-pays country economist ecoulement runoff ecretement de la demande de pointe peak (load) shaving; peak (load) shedding ecriture de cl6ture balancing item, entry ecritures (comptables) accounting entries; entries editeur editor 6ditique desktop publishing education extrascolaire, parascolaire out-of-school education education non formelle, parascolaire nonformal education education permanente, continue lifelong education; recurrent education; continuing education effectif actual(s) effectif budgetaire authorized positions effectif (s) staff effectifs enrollments - 324 - effet a vue demand note effet d'entrainement spillover effect, impact; spinoff effect effet de cliquet, d'encliquetage ratchet effect effet de demonstration, d'emulation, demonstration effect d'entralnement effet de levier des garanties guarantee leverage effet de premier ordre prime bill effet de prix price effect effet de remontee bubble-up effect effet de retombbe trickle-down effect effet de revenu income effect effet de ricochet snatching effect effet de richesse wealth effect effet de ruissellement trickle-down effect effet de substitution substitution effect effet d'infiltration trickle-down effect effet dissuasif disincentive effet en aval downstream effect, benefit effet multiplicateur multiplier effect effet porteur d'int6ret interest bearing note effet secondaire spillover effect, impact; spinoff effect effet(s) financier(s) financial paper effets paper effets a payer accrued liabilities effets a recevoir accounts receivable; receivables effets bancables eligible paper effets de commerce commercial paper; commercial bills effets de propagation de la hausse des ripple price effects prix effets externes; effets induits externalities effets externes et induits externalities and linkages effets publics government paper; government securities effets secondaires spillover efficace par rapport au cout cost-effective efficacite cost-effectiveness; performance efficacite de la repartition (des allocative efficiency ressources) efficacite des structures, des institutional performance institutions efficacite 6nergetique fuel efficiency efficacite marginale du capital marginal efficiency of capital effort collectif; effort personnel self-help effort fiscal tax effort 6galisation equitable (des risques) equalization (of currency fluctuation risks) egotiste inward-looking egout unitaire combined sewer egrenage ginning elaboration design; development - 325 - elaboration du projet project preparation blagage d'actif asset stripping elargissement du capital capital widening blasticite buoyancy elasticite croisee cross elasticity blasticite de la demande elasticity of demand blasticite de l'imp6t tax elasticity blasticite de substitution elasticity of substitution blasticite de substitution constante constant elasticity of substitution elasticite egale a l'unite unit(ary) elasticity 6lasticite globale buoyancy; tax buoyancy elasticite par rapport au prix price elasticity; own price elasticity blasticitb par rapport au revenu income elasticity blasticitb-prix price elasticity; own price elasticity blasticite-prix crois6e cross price elasticity elasticit6-revenu income elasticity elasticitb-revenu de la demande income elasticity of demand 6lasticit6-unite unit(ary) elasticity 6lectorat (d'un Administrateur) constituency of an Executive Director 6lectorat d'un Administrateur constituent(s) of an Executive Director electricitb power electronique grand public consumer electronics element component (of a project) element concessionnel, de subvention concessional, concessionary element 6lement de contrepartie balancing item, entry; counterpart item 6l6ment de liberalite degree of concessionality element de subvention, de libbralitb, don grant element 6l6ment importb import component el6ment matbriel hard component 6l6ment provisoire du pool d'emprunts proxy el6ments nutritifs nutrients olbments services soft component 6levage animal husbandry; livestock elevage en stabulation stall feeding eleveur breeder; pastoralist 6limination des taudis slum clearance eliminer progressivement to phase out embouche fattening; finishing 6metteur issuer emettre des actions dans le public go public [corporations] 6mettre un emprunt float a loan emis en souscription publique publicly issued (bonds, etc.) 6mission a guichets ouverts tap issue emission de droits de souscription rights issue, offering emission en continu tap Issue 6mission en devises foreign currency issue emission exploratoire red herring issue emission fiduciaire note Issue - 326 - emission obligataire ext6rieure, des extemal bond issue obligations ext6rieures emission publique public borrowing, offering emissions lancees en Europe European flotations emmagasinage storage; storage emmagasiner stock (to) empi6tement encroachment emplacement site emploi de(s) fonds application of funds emploi partiel patching; spot patching, improvement; spot improvement, patching; patching emplois application of funds employe de comptabilite bookkeeper employes staff empoissonner stock (to) emprise right of way emprise au sol site coverage emprise de la chaussee pavement width emprunt a l'etranger; emprunt ext6rieur foreign borrowing emprunt garanti par l'Etat sovereign credit, loan emprunt geant, jumbo jumbo borrowing, loan emprunt global lump sum borrowing emprunt obligataire convertible convertible debenture loan investment emprunt obligataire 6mis par s6ries serial bond, loan (issue) emprunt remboursable en une seule fois, bullet issue in fine emprunt (totalement) place completed borrowing emprunteur bien cot6, tres solvable, de prime borrower premier ordre emprunteur secondaire, final subborrower emprunts loan capital emprunts aupres des intermediaires intermediative borrowing financiers internationaux emprunts de detresse distress borrowing emprunts de r6f6rence qualified borrowing(s) emprunts du pool provisoire proxy borrowing encours de la dette debt outstanding and disbursed en fin de compte bottom line en franchise de droits duty-free en pibces d6tachees completely knocked down en regie by/on force account en regime de croisiere at full development en surcapacite; en sureffectif overstaffed en termes reels in real terms en valeur nominale in current terms en valeur reelle In real terms encadrement extension encadrement du cr6dit credit squeeze; credit tightening encadrement officieux du credit window guidance - 327 - encadrer to peg (prices, Interest rates) encadreur extension agent, worker encaisse cash balance; cash holdings; cash in hand; cash on hand encaisse minimum obligatoire minimum cash requirement encaissements-decalssements, sur une base on a cash basis encaisses balances encart publicitaire tombstone encours de la dette ext6rieure external debt outstanding; outstanding external debt encours des pr8ts outstanding loans encours des tirages outstanding drawings endette leveraged endettement leveraging enduit superficiel surface dressing energie power energie a base de blomasse biomass energy 6nergle classique conventional energy 6nergie commerciale commercial energy 6nergie primaire primary energy 6nergie(s) de substitution, nouvelles alternative energy energies renouvelables renewable energy enfant n6 vivant live birth engagement exposure engagement a titre permanent regular appointment engagement conditionnel contingent commitment; contingent obligation engagement conditionnel (de participation) standby equity engagement conditionnel de garantie standby underwriting commitment d'emission engagement d'aide 6ventuelle standby commitment engagement de pret loan commitment engagement de prise de participation equity underwriting engagement de prise ferme underwriting commitment engagement de reserves reserve liabilities; liabilities constituting foreign authorities' reserves engagement de souscription underwriting commitment engagement de statu quo standstill committment engagement d'investissement investment commitment engagement indetermine open-ended commitment engagement par pays country exposure engagements covenants engagements liabilities engagements a vue deposit liabilities; sight liabilities engagements exterieurs external liabilities; foreign liabilities engagements interieurs domestic liabilities engagements qui constituent des avoirs reserve liabilities; liabilities de r6serve pour des autorites constituting foreign authorities' reserves etrangeres - 328 - engins equipment engorgement bunching engrals azote nitrogen, nitrogenous fertilizer engrais compos6 compound fertlizer; mixed fertilizer engrais simple single fertilizer engrais verts green manure engraissement fattening; finishing engraissement A l'etable stall feeding enlevement des ordures waste disposal enlevement des terrains de stripping couverture ennoblissement finishing enquete survey enquete initiale, de r6f6rence, temoin baseline survey enquete preliminaire reconnaissance survey Enquete sur l'attitude du personnel Attitude Survey enquete sur les depenses des menages household expenditure survey enregistrement incorporation enregistrer to record enrichir upgrade enrichissement (d'un mineral) beneficiation ensachage bagging enseignement A distance distance learning, teaching enseignement assiste par ordinateur computer aided instruction enseignement fondamental basic education enseignement institutionnalise, theorique, formal education formel, de type scolaire, de type classique enseignement non scolaire, non formel informal education enseignement par matieres separees departmentalization ensemble package ensemble de pieces kit ensemble de techniques agricoles package ensembles CKD completely knocked down kits entente illicite sur les prix price fixing entraide self-help entree input; accession entree de capitaux capital inflow; inflow of capital entree en vigueur d'un accord effectiveness of an agreement entrees (de fonds) accruals entrees de fonds cash inflows entreposage storage entreposage (douanier) bonding entreposer to stock entrep6t de douane, douanier bonded warehouse entrepreneur contractor; entrepreneur entrepreneur general general contractor entreprise contractor; venture entreprise admise A soumissionner qualified bidder - 329 - entreprise a nombre limit6 d'actionnaires closely-held corporation entreprise cautionn6e bonded contractor entreprise commerciale ou industrielle business enterprise entreprise d'economie mixte mixed enterprise entreprise d'Etat state-owned enterprise entreprise de transports routiers truckers entreprise en plein essor, dynamique growing concern entreprise parapublique, semi-publique, parastatal parastatale entreprise productive, generatrice de revenue-earning enterprise ressources, a caractbre industriel, commercial entreprise publique state-owned enterprise entreprise rentable going concern entreprise specialis6e en conseil de management consultancy firm direction entreprise viable going concern (entreprises de) services publics utilities entretien maintenance entretien correctif corrective maintenance entretien courant routine maintenance entretien differe; entretien en souffrance deferred maintenance entretien normal, usuel normal maintenance entretien periodique scheduled maintenance entretien pr6ventif prevent(at)ive maintenance envahissement crowding in; encroachment enveloppe financial package; budget; financing plan; (financial) allocation; package enveloppe de depart separation package enveloppe des prestations benefit package envoi de fonds de travailleurs a workers' remittance !'etranger epandage des engrais fertilizer application epargne brute intemal cash generation; internally generated funds; cash generation epargne forcee compulsory saving; forced savings epargne int6rieure domestic savings 6pizootie epidemic disease epuisement des recours administratifs exhaustion of local administrative or ou judiciaires internes juridical remedies 6puisement des sols soil depletion epure sketch plan 6quation de regression regression equation equilibre a long terme de la balance des balance of payments sustainability paiements equipe gang equipe de cantonnier maintenance unit 6quipe de r6flexion think tank 6quipe sp6ciale task force - 330 - 6quipement capital works; equipment; plant equipement(s) facil'ty equipements collectifs utilities equipements collectifs, soclaux community facilities; social infrastructure equipes shift equite equity equivalent don grant equivalent equivalent vingt pieos twenty equivalent units erosion fiscale des revenus fiscal drag erreur de composition fallacy of composition erreur de generalisation fallacy of composition erreur systematique bias erreurs et omissions balancing item, entry escompte discount escompter to discount espacement des naissances birth spacing espaces r6cr6atifs recreational areas especes de fond, d6mersales bottom fish; bottom-dwelling fish; demersal fish especes de poisson pris6es high value fish espbces p6lagiques pelagic fish esperance de vie life expectancy esperance math6matique expected value; expectation; mathematical expectation esprit d'entreprise entrepreneurship bs-qualite ex-officio essai de comportement (des varietes) trial essai vari6tal variety trial esthetique industrielle Industrial design estimation de coOts cost estimate itablissement de l'assiette tax assessment etablissement de la carte scolaire school mapping etablissement d'enseignement secondaire junior high school du premier cycle etablissement des coOts costing 6tablissement des roles tax assessment etablissement du budget budgeting etablissement du budget sur une base incremental budgeting differentielle etablissement d'une lettre de cr6dit opening of a letter of credit etablissement (humain) settlement etablissement public statutory body etablissements humains human settlements etablissements scolaires education facilities etalement timing etalon standard Etat government etat actuel de la technique state of the art Etat contractant Contracting State - 331 - btat c6tier coastal state 6tat (d'avancement) status etat (de d6penses) statement etat de pale payroll etat de remboursement progress certfficate etat des connaissances state of the art etat financier financial statement etat financier interimalre Interim financial statement 6tat financier v6rlfi6 (des comptes) audited statement of accounts Etat habilit6 & signer State eligible to sign (the Convention) Etat mensuel des projets Operational Monthly Summary Etat providence welfare State etat recapitulatif summary statement etat riverain coastal state Etats contractants Contracting States 6teindre, s' terminate etre reclass6 graduate 6tude survey 6tude analytique issues paper 6tude de cas case study etude de conception design engineering 6tude de falsabllit0, factibilit6 feasibility study 6tude de la chaussee pavement design 6tude de pr6investissement preinvestment study, survey btude de sol soil study, survey -tude des sols, pedologique, d'ingenierie soil study, survey 6tude prbvisionnelle des besoins de manpower planning main-d'oeuvre etude sismique seismic survey 6tude sur documents, th6orique desk study etudes avancees higher training etudes complementaires follow-up studies etudes de preparation a la licence undergraduate studies 6tudes d'ingenierie engineering studies btudes 6conomiques et sectorielles economic and sector work etudes pratiques workshop etudes sectorielles et analyses country economic and sector work economiques par pays etudes techniques design; design engineering; engineering studies etudes universitaires du troisieme cycle graduate studies etudes universitaires sup6rieures postgraduate studies etudiant en licence undergraduate eurodollars Eurodollars euro-bmissions Euroissues euro-obligations Eurobonds eurosterling Eurosterling evacuation des dechets waste disposal 6vacuation des eaux us6es sewage disposal - 332 - 6valuation ex post ex post evaluation 6valuation des effets sur 1'environnement environmental impact assessment 6valuation du projet project appraisal 6valuation du secteur 6nergetique energy assessment evaluation retrospective audit; evaluation; project audit 6valuation r6trospective du projet project evaluation 6valuation (r6trospective) systematique built-in evaluation 6valuation (technique et 6conomique) appraisal (technical and economic) evasion fiscale tax avoidance 6viction crowding out; slum clearance evincer crowd out evolution development examen a mi-parcours midyear review; Midterm Review examen de l'etat d'avancement du projet project implementation review examen de milieu d'exercice Midyear Review examen des offres examination of bids excedent overhang excedent au titre des invisibles surplus on invisibles excedent budg6taire budget surplus exc6dent d'exploitation operating surplus excbs d'investissement overinvestment exclure crowd out exclus drop out execution (d'un contrat) performance ex6cution de m6tre surveying exemples types stylized fact exercer une influence leverage exercice fiscal year; financial year exigences fonctionnelles performance requirements exigibilit6 anticip6e acceleration (of a loan); acceleration of maturity; prematuring exigibilite croisee, clause d' cross-default clause exigibilit6s current liabilities exigible callable (capital, subscription) exigible a vue payable on demand exode rural rural exodus; rural-urban migration; out-migration exondation land reclamation exonder reclaim exoneration remission exoneration d'imp6t tax exemption exoneration d'imp6ts immunity from taxation exoneration fiscale temporaire tax holiday exoner6 d'imp6ts tax-free expansion soutenue sustained growth expatri6 expatriate exp6dient stopgap measure exp6dition shipping experience background - 333 - expertise expert appraisal experts expertise exploitant operator exploitant agricole farmer exploitation line-haul; management; operation(s) exploitation a ciel ouvert open pit, open cast, open cut, strip mining exploitation agricole farm; farming unit exploitation des forets forest logging exploitation et entretien Operations & Maintenance exploitation et entretien au niveau du village level operation and maintenance village exploitation forestiere logging exploitation initiale initial operation exploiter to tap exploration exploration exportable tradable exportateur de petrole a deficit de capital-deficit oil exporter capitaux exportations de destockage spillover exports expose issues paper; statement expression en prix constants deflation exprim6 en denominated in (dollars, etc.) exprimer en chiffres nets to net out exprimer en prix constants deflate extension extension extinction termination extrant output extraordinaires below the line (item) - 334 - -F - fabricant manufacturer fabrication assistee par ordinateur computer aided manufacture fabrication de l'acier Martin open-hearth steelmaking fabrication en (grande) serie mass production facile a utillser fungible facilite a options multiples multioption facility facilite d'alustement structurel Structural Adjustment Facility facilite d'6misslon d'effets note issuance facility facilites de credit credit facilities facteur de conversion standard standard conversion factor facteur de dissuasion, dissuasif deterrent facteur de production input facteur de production non financier noncash input facteur de reevaluatlon revaluation factor facteur d'utilisation load factor facteurs indivisibles indivisibilities facturation interne chargeback facture p6troiibre oil bill facture pro forma pro forma invoice facult6 contributive tax-paying capacity falble coefficient d'endettement, underdeveraged caractbris6 par un faire appel a l'6pargne publique go public faire concorder reconcile faire des tirages draw (funds) faire faire (une 6tude) commission faisable manageable fait d'etat civil vital event fait particulierement rev6lateur, stylized fact signicatif faits nouveaux development famille eiargie extended family faux frais in and out expenses f6condation fertilzation fer a beton rebar ferme semenciere seed farm fermete buoyancy fermeture des bureaux close of business fertilisation fertilization fertilite fecundity feuille d'emploi du temps time sheet feuille de presence, de pointage time sheet feuille de pr6sence, de travail worksheet fiche de projet project brief fiche de travail worksheet - 335 - fiche d'information sur le projet Project Information Brief fiche mobile flip chart fiche sur les conditions de financement term sheet filet de s6curite safety net filiale affiliate; subsidiary filiale a 100 % wholly owned subsidiary filiale d'aide liberale soft loan affiliate, window filiale energie energy affiliate filiale sans support mat6riel shell company filiales d'une meme societe mere sister companies filiere channel; industry; industrial sector; branch of Industry; subsector; process; track; stream financement a forfait nonrecourse finance financement a moyen et a long terme term financing financement a taux fixe fixed-rate financing financement avec droit de recours limite limited recourse finance financement avec garantie collateral financing financement complementaire complementary financing; follow-up financing financement conjoint joint financing financement couple matched funding financement des demieres ech6ances funding lat(t)er maturities financement du fonds de roulement working capital loan financement gigogne piggyback financing financement jumele matched funding financement mixte blending (of flows); blend financing financement parallele parallel financing financement par le deficit budgetaire, deficit financing par l'impasse budgetaire financement relais repeat financing financement retroactif retroactive financing financement sans recours nonrecourse finance financement special conjoint Special Joint Financing financialisation financialization finissage; finition finishing fioul fuel oil fisc tax authorities fixation de l'azote nitrogen fixation fixation des prix price fixing flexible fungible flotation floor rate of exchangeemission fluctuation des prix price swing fluctuation des taux due a une fuite de interest leakage capitaux flux flow flux d'aide concessionnelle concessional flow flux d'aide de l'IDA IDA flows flux d'aide non lib6rale nonconcessional, nonconcessionary flows 336 - flux de capitaux capital flow; capital movement flux de capitaux a des conditions non nonconcessional, nonconcessionary flows liberales flux de capitaux compensateurs equilibrating capital flow flux de capitaux publics official flows flux des avantages benefit stream flux de(s) coOts cost stream flux des coOts et des avantages streams of costs and benefits flux de sortie output flux de tresorerie cash flow flux financiers financial flows; funds flow; flow of funds flux financiers, analyse des funds flow analysis flux scolaires student flows fonction d'utilit6 collective social welfare function fonction objectif objective function [economic analysis] fonctionnaire charge d'un pays desk officer fonctionnaire stagiaire Special Assignment Appointee fonctionnaires staff fondamental underlying fonds (d'affectation) special(e) trust fund fonds commun de placement money market (mutual) fund; mutual fund fonds d'achat purchase fund fonds d'amortissement sinking fund Fonds de bonification d'interet Interest Subsidy Fund fonds de commerce goodwill fonds de contrepartie counterpart funds fonds de developpement des exportations export development fund fonds de fiducie trust fund fonds de peche fishing grounds fonds de perequation equalization fund fonds de placement ferme closed-end investment company, fund; investment trust Fonds de placement (pour la conversion Trust Fund de dettes en prise de participations) Fonds de promotion des marches naissants Emerging Markets Growth Fund fonds de roulement working capital; revolving account; revolving fund; float fonds de roulement autre que les noncash working capital disponibilites Fonds des entreprises africaines African Enterprise Fund fonds de stabilisation buffer fund; stabilization fund fonds de stabilisation des changes exchange stabilization fund fonds d'Etat government securities fonds d'Etat britanniques gilt-edged securities fonds en dep6t funds-in-trust fonds fed6raux Federal funds fonds fiduciaire trust fund Fonds fiduciaire de parrainage Sponsorship Trust Fund fonds gere trust fund - 337 - fonds g6r6s managed funds fonds (interbancaires) en route interbank float fonds international de garantie de creiit international credit guarantee fund fonds librement utilisables free funds; IDA's 'free funds' fonds perdus, a on a grant basis fonds permanents investment capital; invested capital; capital; (owners') equity plus medium- and long-term (MLT) debt fonds pour I'Afrique African Facility Fonds pour la matemite sans danger Safe Motherhood Fund fonds propres capital base; equity; stockholders' equity; shareholders' equity; owners' equity; equity; net worth fonds propres insuffisants, aux undercapitalized fonds que la Banque n'a pas regu unreleased funds l'autorisation de preter fonds qui ne preleve pas de commission no load fund fonds qui pr6leve une commission load fund fonds regulateur buffer fund; buffer stocks fonds renouvelable revolving fund Fonds saoudien Saudi Fund Fonds special d'aide a l'Afrique Special Facility for Sub-Saharan Africa subharienne fongible fungible forage drilling; tubewell forage de developpement development drilling forage d'un puits well drilling forage en mer, off-shore, sous-marin offshore drilling forage exploratoire exploratory drilling forage sauvage, d'exploration, de wildcat (drilling) reconnaissance, de recherche force de loi; force ex6cutoire legal force foret dense 6quatoriale rain forest; tropical rain forest foret ombrophile rain forest foret tropicale humide tropical rain forest forfaitage forfaiting forfaftaire standard formation background; leaming formation a la gestion management development formation brute de capital fixe gross fixed capital formation formation d'adaptation & l'emploi job-related training formation dans l'entreprise in-house training formation de capital capital formation formation de revenu income generation formation des formateurs wholesale training formation directe sur place retail training formation d'un syndicat financier, d'un syndication consortium formation en cours d'emploi in-service training - 338 - formation en dehors du poste de travail off-the-job training formation int6rieure de capital domestic asset formation; domestic capital formation formation interne in-house training formation professionnelle skills development; vocational training formation specialis6e advanced training formation sur le tas on-the-job training formation technique technical background formations sanitaires health facilities formule de fixation du taux d'int6rdt pricing system Formule des Philippines Philippines formula formules nouvelles, inedites, originales creative financing de financement fort degre d'endettement, caracterise leveraged par un forte intensite d'6nergie, a energy-intensive forte intensite d'importations, a import-intensive fortune net worth fosse (entre les generations) gap fosse a niveau constant aqua privy fosse d'accumulation vault toilet fosse d'aisance amelioree et ventilee ventilated improved pit latrine four a coke coke oven fourchette ballpark figure fourchette de(s) prix price range fourneau stove fournisseur prefere de soins preferred provider organization fournitures d'intrants input supplies fournitures et services goods and services fourrage arbor6 tree fodder fourrage d'appoint supplemental, supplementary feed foyer stove foyer a charbon de bois charcoal stove fractionnement des march6s slice and package fractions pretees et non remboursees de 18% currency amounts out on loan ia monnaie des 18 % frais fee(s); user charges, fees frais d'6colage tuition fees frals de constitution de dossier origination fee frais de demarrage, d'amorcage start-up cost frais de fonctionnement et d'entretien upkeep costs frais de gestion management fee frais de manutention handling charges frais d'emission flotation costs frais de personnel labor costs frais de port port charges, tariffs frais de (premier) etablissement initial expenses frais de premier etablissement organization expenses; formation expenses fra6s de representation business expenses - 339 - frais de stockage carrying costs, charges frais de tenue de comptes handling charges frais d'etudes, de scolarite tuition fees frais d'exploitation business expenses; running costs frais d'exploitation et d'entretien upkeep costs frais gen6raux overhead costs; overheads frais immobilises capitalized expenses frais indirects indirect costs; on-costs frais non inscrit au budget nonbudgeted expense frais fixes fixed costs franchise tax exemption franchise de droits, en duty-free franchise de remboursement grace period franco a bord free on board franco long du bord free alongside ship franco quai free on quay; free on wharf franco wagon free on rail fraude fiscale tax evasion frein disincentive freinage des salaires wage restraint freinage fiscal fiscal drag freinte waste; loss in weight freinte (de route) loss frequence timing fuel; fuel-oil fuel oil fuel domestique heating oil fuel-oil domestique heating oil fuel-oil lourd heavy fuel oil fumure fertilization fumure basale basal dressing; bottom dressing fumure de couverture top dressing fusion consolidation (of companies) - 340 - gadoue night soil gage guarantee gage, (droit de) lien gain de temps time underrun gains earnings gamme mix gamme de production, de produits product mix garant d'emission underwriter garantie collateral; guarantee; security garantie conditionnelle qualified guarantee garantie conditionnelle de remboursement qualified agreement to reimburse garantie de bonne execution performance security garantie de l'emploi tenure garantie d'emission underwriting commitment garantie de parfait achbvement performance security Garantie de recouvrement de l'apport Guaranteed Recovery of Investment Principal des investisseurs garantie de soumission bid bond garantie d'une creance debt security garantie fournie par une compagnie performance bond de garantie ou d'assurance garantie irrevocable de remboursement irrevocable agreement to reimburse garanties acceptables pour les banques bankable assurances garanties bancables bankable assurances garantir un pret secure a loan gare de triage marshalling yard gas de gazogene producer gas gasohol gasohol gas-oil diesel fuel; diesel oil gaz associe associated gas gaz de cokerie coke oven gas gaz de petrole liquefie liquefied petroleum gas gaz humide wet gas gaz naturel liquefie liquefied natural gas gaz non associe nonassociated gas gaz pauvre producer gas gaz6ification du charbon coal gasification gazole diesel fuel; diesel oil generalisation stylized fact g6n6rateur d'importations import-intensive geneticien breeder geniteurs breeding stock gestion management gestion coll6giale collegial management gestion de l'aide par pays country assistance management gestion de la demande demand management -341 - gestion de la tresorerie asset and liability management gestion de l'eau water management gestion de l'conomie, 6conomique economic management gestion de tresorerie cash management gestion des liquidites liquidity management; liquidity portfolio management gestion des risques risk management gestion des stocks Inventory control gestion du passif liability management gestion du projet project management gestion financiere des entreprises corporate finance gigawatt gigawatt gisement houiller coal field gisement off-shore, sous-marin offshore field gisement rentable commercial deposit glissement shift; slippage; lag glissement des salaires wage creep, drift gonfler les prix overprice goudron de houille coal tar goulets d'etranglement, analyse des bottleneck analysis gourbi slum Gouvernement govemment graines oleagineuses oil seeds grand ensemble housing estate grande plantation industrial estate, park grandes routes trunk roads grand livre general ledger grand ordinateur mainframe computer grande monnaie major currency grands axes trunk roads graphique d'execution progress chart graphique d'execution des travaux construction progress chart graphique de procede, dynamique, flow chart; process chart op6rationnel gratuite des services zero fee policy greffier registrar grille grid gros consommateur d'6nergie energy-intensive gros investissements concentr6s lumpy investment gros-oeuvre structural work; shell (of a building) groupe caucus (of countries at Annual Meetings) groupe a composition non limit6e open-ended group Groupe africain African Caucus (of the World Bank) groupe-cible target group Groupe consultatif d'entreprises Business Advisory Council Groupe consultatif des banques Banking Advisory Panel groupe de direction managing group groupe defavorise disadvantaged group Groupe de la Banque World Bank Group - 342 - groupe de placement selling consortium, group, syndicate groupe de reflexion think tank Groupe des soixante-dix-sept Group of Seventy-Seven Groupe des vingt-quatre Group of Twenty-Four groupe de travail task force Groupe de travail international des International Compilers Working Group on statisticiens specialis6s dans la External Debt Statistics collecte des donnees sur la dette exterieure Groupe de travail sur les engrais FAO/UNIDO/World Bank Working Group on FAO/ONUDI/Banque mondiale Fertilizers groupe d'etude task force Groupe d'etude sur l'investissement Task Force on Private Direct Foreign etranger prive direct Investment Groupe d'etude sur les flux d'aide Task Force on Concessional Flows liberale Groupe d'etude sur les flux d'aide non Task Force on Nonconcessional Flows liberale Groupe d'6tude sur une strategie pour African Strategy Review Group l'Afrique groupe d'experts panel of experts groupe electrogene plant; power unit; generating set, unit groupe special task force groupement des depenses, des front loading; front-loaded (e.g. remboursements au debut d'une periode spending donn6e groupes a revenu 6leve higher income brackets grume de placage veneer log guichet d'aide liberale soft loan affiliate, window guichet d'aide non liberale hard loan window guide de l'enseignant teacher's guide - 343 - -H - habillage du bilan window dressing habitat clandestin illegal housing habitat 6volutif core housing; nuclear housing habitat 6volutlf, progressif Incremental building, housing hall d'habillage dressing section, hall hausse upswing hautes etudes advanced studies hautes etudes universitaires postgraduate studies hauteur limite clearance hedging hedging herbages grassland heures de cours teaching load hWvMa rubber tree heveaculture rubber tree crop hiatus gap hierarchie line management histogramme bar chart holding holding company homme-ann6e man-year homme-lour man-day homme-mols staff-month homo economicus economic man homologues counterpart staff honorabilite creditworthiness; credit standing honoraires fee(s) horaire schedule; timing horaire a la carte, variable, souple flexitime horaires amenages, (systeme d') day release horizon time frame hors bilan below the line (item) hors contingent above quota hors-taxes net of taxes; tax-free houille brune brown coal huile de palme palm oil huile de palmiste palm kernel oil huile lourde heavy oil huiles lourdes fuel oil humus top soil hydraulicien water engineer hydraulique fluviale flood control hydraulique pastorale stock watering hydrocraquage hydrocracking hydro6lectricite hydropower; hydroelectric power hygiene sanitation hygiene du milieu environmental health, sanitation .344 - IDA bis IDA Mark 2 Identification du proJet project Identification igname yam hlot insalubre slum immatricul6 registered immeuble collectNf multidwelling house immobilisatlon fixed investment immobilisations; immobilisations fixed asset(s); capital asset(s); permanent corporelles assets; plant and equipment immobilisations incorporelles intangible assets, property immunite fiscale immunity from taxation Impaye debt due imperm6abilisation resealing implantation site imposition tax assessment Imposition forfaitaire presumptive taxation imp6t cedulaire schedular, scheduled tax imp6t c6dulaire sur les ben6fices tax profit schedule Imp6t d'affectation speciale, d6termin6e earmarked tax imp6t de capitation poll tax; head tax; capitation imp6t en cascade cascade tax; multiple stage tax imp6t foncier land tax imp6t fonder, immobilier property tax Imp6t indirect excise tax Imp6t minimal forfaitaire; impot personnel poll tax; head tax; capitation imp6t progressif graduated tax imp6t sur la fortune property tax imp6t sur le chiffre d'affaires turnover tax imp6t sur les b6n6fices income tax; profit(s) tax imp6t sur les ben6fices (industriels, business (profit) tax; corporate income commerciaux) des socithes tax; corporation tax imp6t sur les concessions franchise tax imp6t sur les plus-values betterment levy, tax; capital gains tax imp6t sur les salaires payroll tax imp6t sur les socl6t6s business (profit) tax; corporate income tax; corporation tax imp6ts aux frontieres border taxes imprevus contingencies imprime d'ordinateur printout imputation de l'imp6t 6tranger foreign tax credit imputation des charges a l'utilisateur chargeback Incidence incidence incitation incentive incitation fiscale tax incentive incitations a investir investment incentives inclinalson (d'une courbe) steepness (of a curve) - 345 - indemnite compensation indemnite au titre du cong6 dans les home leave allowance foyers indemnite de depart, de licenciement severance pay indemnite de difficulte d'existence, de hardship allowance penibilite indemnite de reinstallation resettlement grant indemnite de subsistance subsistence allowance indemnite d'expatriation overseas allowance indemnite joumaliere per diem indemnite pour charges de famille dependency allowance indemnites pour accidents du travail workmen's compensation independance self-reliance independant free standing; self-contained indexation (sur) adjustment indexation des salaires sur les prix wage-price indexing indicateur bellwether (of economic trends) indicateur avanc6 signal indicateur convergent convergent indicator indicateur d'alerte warning signal indicateur de conjoncture economic indicator indicateur differ, retrospectif, tardif lagging indicator indicateur 6conomique economic indicator indicateur pilote main indicator indicateur pr6curseur, prospectif, avance leading indicator indicateur simultane, concurrent concurrent indicator indicateurs de performance performance indicators Indicateurs du developpement dans le monde World Development Indicators indice d'ajustement deflator indice de consommation feed conversion ratio indice de fecondite fertility rate indice de l'activite 6conomique economic indicator Indice de la qualite mat6rielle de la vie Physical Quality of Life Index indice de la valeur unitaire des (World Bank) Manufacturing Unit Value produits manufactures Index indice de la valeur unitaire des unit value export index exportations indice de prix implicite du PNB GNP price deflator indice des prix A la consommation consumer price index Indice des prix des metaux et min6raux Metals and Minerals Price Index indice des prix des produits Food Price Index alimentaires indice des prix derive du PNB GNP price deflator indice des taux de fret maritime ocean freight rate index indice de vie dynamique dynamic life index indice d'octane motor octane number indice en chatne chain index indice implicite des prix implicit deflator indice statique des reserves Static LHe Index - 346 - indice synth6tique de fecondite total fertility rate indigenisation indigenization; localization (of staff) individuel (p.ex. assalnissement) on site industrie alimentaire food processing industry industrie artisanale cottage industry industrie d'amont supplier industry Industrie d'appui A l'agriculture agrosupport Industry Industrie de l'habillement dothing Industry industrie de main-d'oeuvre, grosse labor-intensive Industry consommatrice de main-d'oeuvre industrie de ressources, exploitant les resource-based Industries ressources naturelles industrie de service service Industry industrie d6localis6e, mobile, volante footloose industry industrie en declin, en crise, en perte depressed industry de vitesse industrie extractive, miniere mining industrie frontaliere border industry industrie legere light industry industrie lourde heavy (engineering) industry industrie naissante Infant industry industriel manufacturer Industries d'exportatlon ou assimilees export and export-related industries industries mecaniques engineering industry industries rbductrices d'importations import substitution Industries industries sous douane in-bond Industries industries travaillant directement ou export and export-related industries indirectement pour l'exportation inelasticite par rapport aux prix price inelasticity in6lasticite-prix price inelasticity inexecution des obligations default on obligations infection a support hydrique water-based disease infection due au manque d'eau water-washed disease infection hydrique waterborne disease infirmier(ere) diplom6(e) d'Etat registered nurse inflation A deux chiffres double digit inflation; two digit inflation inflation de base core Inflation inflation de coOt cost-push inflation inflation des grades grade creep inflation end6mique, tendancielle underlying inflation inflation galopante galloping inflation; runaway inflation inflation larvee, latente, masquee hidden inflation inflation larvee, rampante creeping inflation inflation par la demande demand-pull inflation inflation par les coOts cost-push inflation information en retour feedback (of information) informations prMil6gi6es inside information infraction aux regles de passation de misprocurement marches - 347. infrastructure capital infrastructure infrastructure d'accuell capability infrastructure economique et sociale social overhead capital infrastructure materielle physical infrastructure infrastructure primaire trunk Infrastructure infrastructures capital works ingenierie de construction design engineering ing6nierie de procede process engineering ing6nierie financiere financial engineering lngenieur agricole agriculturist lngenleur-conseil engineering consultant ingenieur de genle civil civil engineer Ing6nleur des ponts et highways engineer chaussees Ing6nieur ouvrages d'art structural engineer ing6nieur VRD municipal engineer Initiative pour le Bassin des Caralbes Caribbean Basin Initiative Input input Inscription a la cote officielle registration Inscriptions enrollments inscriptlons s'annulant mutuellement mutually offsetting entries inscrire to record Inscrire dans un compte de charge to expense Inspecteur (de la Banque de France) bank examiner inspecteur de la vulgarisation extension officer instabilite volatility Installation facility installation de compteurs metering installation des derniers equipements mechanical completion installations physical facilities; plant installations en aval downstream plant, facilities installations et mat6riel hardware instance sup6rieure parent body institution affiliee affiliate institution de cr6dit foncier mortgage bank institution de financement du development finance institution d6veloppement institution de pret, de credit lending agency, institution institution de reprise d'hypotheques secondary market mortgage institution institution fattiere apex institution institution financiere non bancaire nonbank financial institution; nonbank bank institution specialis6e specialized agency institutions financieres Tnternationales international financial institutions instruction statement instruction (d'un dossier) processing instruction elementaire literacy instructions permanentes standing instructions, orders instrument d'acceptation instrument of acceptance instrument de pouvoir liberatoire legal tender -348 - instrument de reserve reserve asset instrument participatKf equity-like Instrument instruments a terme futures Instruments d'intervention policy instruments instruments du marche monbtaire money market paper instruments juridiques legal instruments instruments quasi mon6taires near cash Instruments insuffisance shortfall insuffisance de financement ex ante ex ante financing gap insuffisance de l'investissement investment gap insuffisance de recouvrement undercollection integration backward integration, linkage; backward-forward integration, linkage integration en aval forward integration integration en aval d'une industrie forward linkage of an industry integration horizontale horizontal integration intensification deepening intensite de culture cropping intensity intensite (relative) du capital capital intensity intensite d'utilisation d'energie constant energy intensity constante interaction trade-off interchangeable fungible int6ressement profit sharing int6ret ben6ficiaire beneficial interest interet conditionnel contingent interest interet economique economic interest interet 6conomique direct working interest interet patrimonial proprietary interest interets interest yield interets (payes, courus, a courir) interest charges int6rets compos6s, capitalis6s compound interest interets courus; int6rets echus accrued interest interets en cause vested interests interets et commissions sur les prets loan charges interets impayes ne sont pas in a nonaccrual status comptabilises, dont les int6rets intercalaires interest during construction int6rets moratoires interest on overdue payment; moratorium interest interets non echus interest not accrued int6rets percus interest income, earnings intermediation intermediation interm6diation financiere market intermediation internat internship interrogation examination (of witnesses or experts) interruption outage; shutdown interurbain automatique subscriber trunk dialing intervalle de temps time lag - 349 - intervalle genesique birth Interval intervention statement interventions operation(s) intrant input intrant payant, achete cash input intrants intermediaires intermediate Inputs introverti inward-looking inventaire des ressources resource survey inventaire forestier forestry Inventory investir Invest investissement capital investment; investment investissement A fonds perdus sunk cost investissement A provisionner impaired investment investissement brut en capital fixe gross fixed investments; gross fixed capital expenditure investissement de portefeuille portfolio investment investissement de productivite capital deepening investment investissement (d'infrastructure) overhead capital investissement en capital fixe fixed investment investissement "en rase campagne" greenfield investment investissement humain self-help investissement initial capital cost investissement interieur brut gross domestic investment investissement materiel physical investment investissement national brut gross national investment investissement porteur d'exportations export-oriented investment investissement qui n'a pas encore unseasoned investment atteint son rendement normal investissement sous forme de pret loan investment investissements a rendement rapide quick maturing investments investissements arriv6s A maturite, qui mature investments commencent A rapporter investisseurs institutionnels institutional investors irrecevable ineligible irrigation A la raie corrugation irrigation irrigation A pivot central central pivot sprinkle irrigation irrigation au goutte-a-goutte drip irrigation irrigation contr6lee controlled Irrigation irrigation par aspersion sprinkle irrigation irrigation par bassins (de submersion), basin irrigation par submersion artHficielle irrigation par gravite gravity irrigation irrigation par inondation flood irrigation; spate irrigation irrigation par planches, A la planche, strip irrigation; border irrigation; par calants, au calant border strip irrigation; strip check irrigation; ribbon check irrigation; border check irrigation; border ditch irrigation; gravity check irrigation - 350 - irrigation par ruisseilement naturel, wild flooding par deversement, par 6pandage irrigation par ruisseilement runoff irrigation; trickie irrigation irrigation par ruisseliement r6gI6 controlled flooding irrigation par sillons, Infiltration, furrow Irrigation par foss6s irrigation par submersion contr6t6e flood control irrigation irrigation souterraine subirrigation; subsoil irrigation irrigation superficielie surface Irrigation - 351 - jachere de brousse bush fallow jachere forestiere forest fallow jardin semencier seed garden jauge brute gross (register) tonnage jauge nette net register tonnage jeu a somme negative negative sum game jeu a somme nulle zero sum game jeu a somme positive plus, positive sum game jeu d'entreprise management game jeune plant seedling jeune(s) descolarlse(s) out-of-school youth journallers casual labor; hired labor journee de travail man-day juridiction territoriale territorial jurisdiction jury d'experts panel of experts justification de l'emplol des fonds accountability - 352 - - K - kilometre lineaire line kilometer kit kit - 353 - lacune fiscale, reglementaire tax loophole laminage des ben6fices profit squeeze langage de programmation computer language latent underlying latrine a chasse d'eau manuelle pour flush latrine latrine a fosse pit latrine l'Autorit6 qui a d6sign6 (les experts Designating Authority (of Panel Members) figurant sur la liste) leasing leasing l'effectif physical commodity leger marginal legume a feuille alimentaire, feuillu leaf vegetable legume a fruit fruit vegetable legumineuses pulses les economiquement faibles low income people lethargie stagnation (of the economy) lettre annexe side letter; supplemental letter lettre de change bill of exchange lettre de confort letter of comfort lettre de cooperation letter of cooperation lettre de cr6dit letter of credit lettre de mission terms of reference lettre d'information letter of information lettre d'intention letter of intent lettre d'invitation letter of invitation lettre sur les conditions de decaissement disbursement letter lettres de cr6ances credentials leve survey leve aeromagnetique aeromagnetic survey leve topographique land survey lev6e waiver (of immunity); bund levee (d'immunite) waiver lever les contr6les decontrol; remove, lift credit restriction; deregulate levier fiscal, budg6taire fiscal leverage leviers d'imposition; leviers fiscaux tax handles liaison en amont backward integration, linkage liaison UHF, en ondes decimetriques, UHF link d'ultra haute fr6quence liaison verticale backward-forward integration, linkage liaison VHF, en ondes m6triques, de tres VHF link haute fr6quence liaisons en aval d'une industrie forward linkage of an industry liaisons interindustrielles interindustry linkages libell6 en denominated in (dollars, etc.) - 354 - liberal concessional; concessionary lib6ration des kchanges trade liberalization liberation du capital drawdown of equity liberer release; deregulate libbrer (p.ex. [es prix) decontrol; remove, lift credit restrictions Libor LIBOR libre-echange free trade licenci6 graduate licenciement redundancy; termination lieu d'affectation duty station lieux de peche fishing grounds ligne de credit overdraft facilities ligne de creidt a long terme pour le Long-term Facility for Financing Purchases financement des achats de biens of Capital Goods by Developing Countries d'equipement de pays en d6veloppement ligne de partage des eaux watershed ligne de r6partition subtransmission line; secondary transmission line ligne de transport transmission line ligne de transport simple single circuit line ligne individuelle, non partagee direct exchange line ligne tarifaire tariff line lignite brown coal limitation (volontaire) des salaires wage concessions limitations volontaires des exportations voluntary export restraints limite marginal limite de charge a l'essieu axle load limit limite du projet project boundary limite statutaire statutory ceiling limites imposees au pouvoir d'engagement pro rata commitment authority limitations par le principe de la proportionnalite limites impos6es par la prudence prudential constraints liquefaction du charbon coal liquefaction liquidation tax assessment liquider to disestablish liquides de gaz naturel natural gas liquids liquidite moneyness liquidit6 internationale international liquidity liquidites liquid assets; quick assets; balances liquidit6s provenant du remboursement de IDA's "free funds" credits liste schedule liste d'experts panel of experts Liste de conciliateurs, arbitres Panel of Conciliators, Arbitrators liste de prix price list; quotations liste de projets pipeline of projects liste restreinte; liste selective short list livre du maitre teacher's guide localisation site - 355 - location-vente hire purchase locaux physical facilities locaux suppl6mentaires extension logement de fonction staff house logement embryonnaire core housing; nuclear housing; dwelling core logement en dur permanent housing logement en materiaux non durables nonpermanent housing logement Bsauvage" unregulated housing logement semi-dur semipermanent housing logement social public housing; social housing logiciel software loi de finances appropriation law lol de fond substantive law lol de proc6dure procedural law; adjective law loi des rendements d6croissants law of diminishing returns loi portant autorisation enabling legislation long6vit: life expectancy lot package; bid package lotissement development lourdement engag6 overexposed loyer rent lucratif profitable lutte (contre) control lutte phytosanitalre pest and disease control lyophilisatlon freeze drying - 356 - machine de traitement de textes word processor machiniste operator main-d'oeuvre labor force main d'oeuvre intermittente, occasionnelle casual labor main d'oeuvre journaliere hired labor main-d'oeuvre non qualifiee unskilled labor main-d'oeuvre plethorique redundancy main-d'oeuvre qualifiee skilled manpower main-d'oeuvre specialisee semiskilled manpower maintenance maintenance maintien de la valeur maintenance of value maintien des avantages acquis, clause de grandfather clause maison d'acceptation acceptance, accepting house maison de titres securities dealer; securities firm maltre de l'ouvrage owner (of a project); implementing agency; client; contracting authority; developer; principal maitre d'oeuvre prime, principal, main contractor; project manager; project manager; executing agency maitrise (de l'eau) control maitrise de l'eau water control maitrise de l'energie energy rationalization maitrise des couts cost control maitrise des crues flood control maitrise du plan d'eau water control majoration de prix mark-up majorite qualHfiee qualified majority maladie A support hydrique water-based disease maladie due au manque d'eau water-washed disease maladie hydrique waterborne disease maladie transmise par des vecteurs vectorborne disease maladies diarrheiques diarrheal diseases malnutrition proteino-energetique protein-energy malnutrition management management mandant(s) d'un Administrateur constituent(s) of an Executive Director mandat (des consultants) terms of reference mandat de paiement voucher mandataire assignee; agent; agent bank maniable manageable manipuler to handle manoeuvres unskilled labor manque A (gagner, produire) loss manque de capitaux capital inadequacy manque de concordance des echeances maturity mismatch manque de synchronisme des echeances maturity mismatch - 357 - manquement aux obligations default on obligations manquement reciproque, clause de cross-default clause manutentionner to handle maquette layout marasme stagnation (of the economy) marchand trader marchandisage merchandising marchandise commodity marchandises de detail less than carload freight marchandises diverses general cargo marchandises (entreposees) en douane bonded goods marchandises gen6rales, diverses breakbulk marche contract marche A forfait lump sum contract marche a prix de revient majore d'un cost-plus percentage fee contract pourcentage marche A prix forfaitaire fixed cost contract; fixed price contract marche A prix unitaires unit price contract marche A terme d'instruments financiers financial futures market marchb actif deep market marche A terme futures market marche au comptant spot market; cash market marche au metre admeasurement, remeasurement contract marche au prix de revient majore, sur cost-plus contract depenses controlees marche baissier bear market marche bancaire des particuliers retail banking marche concurrentiel competitive market marche d'acheteurs buyer's market marche de gre a gre negotiated contract marche des capitaux capital market marche des capitaux; marche financier financial market marche des changes A terme forward exchange market marche des changes, des devises foreign exchange market marche des euromonnales, des eurodevises Eurocurrency market marche (des instruments) A terme futures market marche des titres, des valeurs mobilieres securities market marche de vendeurs seller's market marche du disponible spot market; spot market marche du travail labor market marche ferme, soutenu, actif buoyant market marche financier open market; capital market marche fractionne 'slice and package' contract marche gris grey, gray market marche haussier bull market marche hors-cote over-the-counter market; curb market marche hors-frontiere offshore market marche monetaire, de l'argent money market marche secondaire secondary market - 358 - marche "spot" spot market marchb sur depenses controlees cost-plus (fixed) fee contract; cost reimbursable contract march6 sur depenses contr6l6es avec cost plus percentage (fee) contract pourcentage marche sur devis estimatif et admeasurement contract; remeasurement quantitatif contract marche sur devis, sur bordereau de prix, schedule contract A prix unitaire marge (p.ex. entre le coOt des emprunts spread (e.g between borrowing cost and et le taux des prets) lending rates) marge b6neficiaire profit margin marge brute d'autofinancement cash flow marge commerciale, beneficlaire mark-up marge de decaissement headroom marge de pr6f6rence domestic preference; preference, preferential margin; margin of preference marge de ressources inutilisees slack marginal marginal marque brand name marque (de fabrique, de commerce) trademark masse de manoeuvre leeway; working funds masse monetaire money stock; money supply masse monetaire au sens 6troit narrow money masse mon6taire au sens large broad money masse salariale wage bill mat6riel equipment; hardware materiel consomptible expendable equipment materiel de commutation switching equipment mat6riel de complement balancing equipment materiel de plantation planting material materiel de selection breeding material mat6riel didactique, pedagogique teaching aids; educational material materiel durable, non consomptible, non nonexpendable equipment fongible, permanent mat6riel fongible; materiel non durable expendable equipment matiere subject matter matiere imposable tax base matiere premiere de procede feedstock matieres consommables consumables (matieres) d'orientation orientational (subjects) matieres principales core subjects; basic subjects matrice de comptabilite sociale social accounting matrix mauvals fonctionnement du marche market failure mauvaise affectation des ressources misallocation of resources mazout fuel oil mecanisme facility m6canisme automatique de revision automatic resetting mechanism (des taux d'interet) - 359 - Mecanisme d'aide speclale Special Assistance Facility mecanisme de cr6dit credit faclities m6canisme de d6multiplicatlon stretching mechanism M6canisme de financement de la Project Preparation Facility preparation des projets mecanisme de garantle d'achat backup (underwriting) facility mecanisme de regulation par les stocks buffer stock scheme mecanisme des prix de declenchement Trigger Price Mechanism Mecanisme speciai de financement de la Special Project Preparation Facility preparation des projets mbcanisme supplimentalre additional facility medecin aux pleds nus barefoot doctor medlas mass media memolre memorial; statement memolre jurldique memorandum of law m6molre morte read only memory m6moire vive random access memory Memorandum aux Administrateurs Memorandum to the Executive Directors m6morandum d'accompagnement coverlng memorandum memorandum de demarrage Initiating memorandum memorandum 6conomlque (sur un pays) country economic memorandum memorandum Initial Initiating memorandum m6morandum sur le secteur de... country sector memorandum Memorandum sur les arrangements Memorandum of Administrative Arrangements administratlfs mensuration cadastrale surveying mercurlale posted values; quotations message signal mesurage surveying mesure conservatoire provisional measure; stopgap measure mesure d'encouragement Incentive mesure indirecte proxy mesures commerciales restrictives restrictive trade policy mesures d'6conomies (d'6nergie), housekeeping measures d'entretien ameliore mesures d'intervention policy instruments metayage sharecropping metayer sharecropper methode active problem-solving approach methode comptable accounting procedure methode d'actualisation des flux discounted cash flow method financiers methode des coOts proportionnels direct costing methode des coOts variables direct costing methode des effets effects method methode des moindres carres least squares method methode des moindres carres ordinaires ordinary least squares method (m6thode du) bilan actualise current cost (value) accounting methode du chemin critique critical path method - 360 - methode du direct costing direct costing m6thode du maximum de vraisemblance maximum likelihood method mbthode du moindre coOt least cost analysis methode du prix de revient complet full cost accounting; absorption accounting methode du prix de revient par commande Job order accounting methode du prix de revient standard standard cost accounting m6thodes cuiturales farming techniques (m6thodes de) determination de la valeur customs valuation (practices) en douane m6thodes d'6levage animal husbandry metre d'evaluation priced bill of quantities; bill of quantities metreur quantity surveyor mettre a la casse, a la r6forme to scrap mettre a profit to tap mettre en culture reclaim mettre en forme edit (texts for publication) mettre en service commission mettre en valeur reclaim mettre fin a terminate mettre fin aux actites to disestablish MIBOR MIBOR microdonn6es microdata microedition desktop publishing micro-enseignement microteaching mil; mil a chandelle; mul penicillaire; millet; pearl millet; cattail millet; mil perl6 Indian millet; African millet; Egyptian millet; East Indian millet; rag millet; African cane; Egyptian wheat; bajra milieux d'affaires business community millet; millet a grappe; millet commun millet; proso; broom corn millet; broom millet; hog millet millions de barils equivalent p6trole millions of barrels per day oil equivalent par jour minerai de rebut mineral waste mineraux non combustibles nonfuel minerals mines mining mineur marginal ministere depensier spending ministry ministere de tutelle supervisory ministry ministere d'ex6cution line department, ministry ministeres cles core ministries, departments minorer (des marchandises) underprice minorft4 de blocage minority threshold mis en forme par edited by mise au point development mise au point technique engineering development mise de fonds investment; cash equity mise en commun pooling - 361 - mise en m6moire storage mise en pension repurchase agreement mise en rapport swap mise en sac bagging mise en valeur development mise en valeur des terres land development mise en vigueur liee, clause de cross-effectiveness clause mission field trip mission a l'exterieur, sur le terrain field assignment, mission mission d'assistance preparatoire au Preparatory Assistance to the Government gouvernement (Mission) mission de contr6le exterieur external review mission mission de postevaluation post appraisal mission mission de preevaluation preappraisal mission mission de reclassement graduation mission mission de supervision supervision mission mission d'etude review mission; survey mission; exploratory mission mission d'etude des investissements investment review mission mission d'6valuation appraisal mission mission d'evaluation retrospective audit mission mission d'examen (d'un projet) midterm project review mission A mi-parcours mission pluridisciplinaire composite mission; full mission mobiliser to raise (funds, etc.); to tap; to discount mobilite sociale social mobility mode d'h6bergement accommodation type mode de faire-valoir farming system (mode de) presentation format modele standard; design; format modele a deux ecarts two gap model modele d'equilibre general multisectoriel multisectoral general equilibrium model modele d'offres bid form modele entr6es-sorties input-output model modele exhaustif ultimate model modele global aggregate model modele informatise d'equilibre g6neral computable general equilibrium model modele macro-economique standard de la revised minimum standard model Banque mondiale Modele pour la conception et l'entretien Highways Design and Maintenance Model des routes modele sous forme reduite reduced form model modeliste designer modernisation rehabilitation modes d'6levage animal husbandry modifiable fungible modifications apport6es aux Statuts amendments to the Articles of Agreement modules de formation multimedia multimedia training modules - 362 - moindres carres, methode des least squares method moindres carres ordinaires, m6thode des ordinary least squares method moins-perVu undercollection moins-value capital loss mois de travail staff-month mondialisation globalization mon6tisation monetization moniteur extension agent, worker monnaie agreee eligible currency monnale au sens 6troit narrow money monnale au sens large broad money monnale centrale high-power(ed) money monnale comptable a la frontiere border currency (uni) monnale d'echange trading currency monnale de r6serve reserve currency monnale des 18 % 18% currency monnale d6tenue par les banques currency In banks monnale d6termin6e par r6f6rence a tied currency monnale d'intervention intervention currency monnale elastlque elastic money monnale en cours 16gal legal tender monnale etrangere foreign currency monnale externe outside money monnale faible soft currency monnale fiduclaire hors banques currency outside banks monnaie forte hard currency monnale interne inside money monnale locale local currency monnale locale (p.ex. franc CFA) domestic currency monnale nationale local currency; domestic currency monnale pleinement convertible trading currency monnaie principale major currency monnaie rattachee A tied currency monnaie rattachee A l'or gold-pegged currency monnaie scripturale bank money monnales librement convertibles free (foreign) exchange monoculture sole cropping; monoculture monographie case study montage financier financial package montant (d'un pr6t) proceeds montant cumulatif passe par pertes et cumulative write-offs profits montant des prets des banques bank exposure montant en principal principal montant forfaitaire lump sum price montant notifi6 de la dette reported debt montant total de la dette debt overhang montant total des caps autorlses Global Cap Authority montant total des prets librement accord6s aggregate of free-limit loans - 363 - montant total des swaps autorises Global Swap Authority montants engages exposure montants passes par pertes et profits write-offs montee en production production build up moratoire fiscal tax deferral mortalite Infantile Infant mortality mortalite juvenile child mortality mouvement flow mouvement ascendant des postes grade creep mouvement de capitaux capital flow; capital movement mouvements saisonniers seasonal movements moyen Input moyen de preuve evidence moyenne harmonique harmonic mean moyenne mobile moving average; running average moyenne pond6r6e weighted average moyens, (coOts) rolled (costs) moyens d'action policy Instruments moyens de droit claim moyens de grande information mass media moyens d'enseignement teaching aids moyens de paiement a l'encaissement float moyens de palement non recouvres float moyens de tresorerie liquid assets; quick assets moyens d'intervention, d'execution, de implementation capacity, capability r6alisation, d'administration moyens financiers (des ben6ficiaires) ability to pay; capacity to pay multiplicateur du credit credit multiplier mutualisation pooling mutualisation des risques socialization of risks - 364 - -N- naissance vivante live birth nantissement lien; security; collateral nantissement (d'actions) pledge (of shares) nappe aquHfere; nappe phreatique aquffer nappe phr6atique, souterraine groundwater table national onshore navetteur commuter navigation shipping navire roulier roll-on/roll-off (ro/ro) ship navire transbordeur ferry navire-citerne tanker n'ayant pas droit ineligible ne plus pouvoir beneficier du graduate financement de la Banque ne remplissant pas les conditions voulues ineligible negociant trader n6gociation dans des conditions de arm's length negotiation pleine concurrence, d'egal a 6gal negociation de larges paquets d'actions block trading N6gociations d'Uruguay Uruguay Round n6gociations commerciales multilaterales multilateral trade negotiations n6gociations tarifaires tariff negotiations, round nepotisme cronyism ne pouvant etre amorti(e) par anticipation noncallable nets d'imp6ts net of taxes ni6b6 cowpea niveau critique de consommation critical consumption level niveau de prets soutenable sustainable level of lending niveau d'equilibre des prets steady state lending niveau de remplacement replacement level niveau de service rendu service standard niveau de vie standard of living niveau d'indifference break-even point niveau d'instruction literacy level niveaux de nutrition food levels niveleuse grader nivellement flattening out nom commercial trade name; brand name nom g6nerique nonproprietary name nombre d'animaux stock nombre d'animaux en debut de periode opening stock nombre d'animaux en fin de periode closing stock nombre d'6leves passant par le systeme flows (through system); throughput scolaire nombre de sortants, dipl6mes output - 365 - nombre de voix voting rights; voting power (nombre d') heures de cours teaching load nombre d'Inscrits enrollments nomination a titre permanent regular appointment non comptabilis6 unaccounted non concessionnel nonconcessional non connu not available non d6clare; non enregistr6; non factur6 unaccounted non denomme ailleurs not elsewhere specified non garanti unsecured (note, loan, etc.) non habilite ineligible non imputables au projet nonincremental non imputb unallocated non inclus ailleurs not included elsewhere non li6s au projet nonincremental non recens6 unaccounted normalis6 standard norme (de qualite, de service) standard normes de construction design standards notation (du personnel) performance evaluation note statement note a la direction management letter note de presentation du projet project brief note de synthbse position paper note d'information sur le projet Project Information Brief notification de renonciation au principe waiver notification de la repartition des charges nouveau pays industriel newly industrializing country nouvel examen resubmission nouvel ordre economique international New International Economic Order noyau; noyau garanti; noyau irreductible hard core -366 - -0- obligataire bondholder obligation bond; note obligation (non garantie) debenture obligation & coupon zero zero coupon bond obligation a lots serial bond, loan obligation a prime d'6mission original issue discount bond; discount bond obligation a prime d'6mission 6levee deep discount bond, note obligation a taux flottant floating rate bond obligation a taux variable floating rate bond obligation au porteur bearer bond obligation avec option de change (multiple) (currency) option bond obligation avec option mon6taire (multiple) (currency) option bond obligation a warrant warrant bond obligation cautionn6e customs duty bill obligation classique, ordinaire straight bond obligation convertible convertible bond obligation de constituer un dep6t advance deposit requirements (on imports) prealable obligation de soci6te corporate bond obligation d'Etat government bond obligation indexee indexed, index-linked bond obligation munie de coupon coupon bond obligation nominative registered bond obligation perp6tuelle perpetual bond obligation warrantee warrant bond obligations liabilities obligations au titre du service de la debt service requirements dette obligations contractuelles contractual obligations obligations 6mises par des organismes agency securities, obligations f6d6raux obligations en circulation outstanding bonds obstacle non tarifaire nontariff barrier obstacle tarifaire tariff barrier obtenir un pret secure a loan office de commercialisation marketing board; trading board, authority offre chiffree (avec indication de prix) priced offer offre de capitaux capital supply offre exc6dentaire oversupply offre jugee la plus avantageuse lowest evaluated bid offre la plus basse lowest bid offre non retenue unsuccessful bid offre publique public borrowing, offering offre publique d'achat takeover bid offres fractionn6es component bidding - 367 - onchocercose river blindness; onchocerciasis "open market" open market operateur operator; trader operateur, op6ratrice de traitement de word processor textes op6ration venture operation conjointe, en association joint venture op6ration couverte contre les risques de currency-hedged transaction change operation de bourse stock exchange transaction op6ration de r6vision hors-programme unscheduled maintenance operation de revision programmee scheduled maintenance operation pilote; operation temoin demonstration activity operations operation(s) operations courantes current balance of payments operations d'open market open market operations operations de montage a l'etranger offshore processing, assembly op6rations en amont upstream process operations en regime de croisibre steady state operations op6rations invisibles invisible transactions operations-pays country operations opinion avec reserves qualified opinion option alternative option d'achat, de rachat call option option de conversion (d'un pret en equity feature participation au capital) option de souscription stock option option de vente put option orateur principal keynote speaker; keynoter ordinaires (recettes et d6penses) above the line (item) ordonnances de procedure procedural orders ordre d'achat et de vente trading ticket ordre de service notice to proceed ordre de service de modifications order for work changes; change order de l'ouvrage ordre du jour annote annotated agenda ordures m6nagbres domestic waste organe unit organe de decision decision-making body organe officiel statutory body organes de grande information mass media organigramme organizational structure organisation management; organizational structure organisation (des soins primaires) delivery system; supply system organisation benevole privee private voluntary organization organisation chargee de l'execution executing agency (d'un programme) organisation d'accueil Host Organization organisation des carrieres career development -368 - organisation des soins primaires health delivery system organisation et methodes organization & methods organisation materielle et financiere de corporate structure l'entreprise organisation non gouvernementale nongovernmental organization organisation physique, spatiale layout organisation postulante Requesting Organization organisations internationales sur les international commodity organizations produits de base organisme a but non lucratif nonprofit organization; not-for-profit organization organisme charge du projet project agency organisme chef de file lead agency organisme de contr6le, de regulatory agency reglementation, reglementaire, de supervision organisme de droit public statutory body organisme de maintien de la sante health maintenance organization organisme d'emission issuer organisme de pret, de credit lending agency, institution organisme de tutelle parent body organisme d'execution implementing agency organisme d'intervention government department, agency; executing agency; implementing agency organisme polyvalent, multiservices, one-stop agency centralisateur, a tout faire orientation (p.ex. vers les services referral competents) orientation de la demande demand management orientation du credit directed credit orientation professionnelle vocational guidance orientation scolaire educational guidance origine du capital ownership (of a corporation) origine du capital social ownership structure (of a company) ossature structural work outillage equipment ouverture de credits budget authority ouverture de credits pour la prise de equity line participations ouverture de credits pour l'octroi de credit line prets ouverture des plis opening of bids; bid opening ouverture d'un credit budget appropriation ouvrage facility ouvrage de tete head gate structure ouvrages capital works ouvrages de prise d'eau intake ouvraison processing ouvrier professionnel; ouvrier qualifiA skilled worker - 369 - ouvrier sp6ciallsb semiskilled worker - 370 - paddy paddy rice paiement disbursement paiement comptant cash payment palement contre documents cash against documents paiement de contrepartie matching payment paiement echelonne progress payment palement en bloc balloon payment paiement periodique annuity paiements anticipes au titre des advanced export payments exportations paiements au titre du revenu des facteurs factor income payments paiements de transfert transfer payments paiements internationaux courants current international payments paillage mulching paillage a base de chaume stubble mulch farming pair par value palliatif stopgap measure palmiste palm kernel panachage blending (of flows) panache a court terme current blend panachage de long terme long-term blended cost rate panier mix panne outage papier paper papier a terme offert en permanence Continuously Offered Longer-Term Securities papier commercial commercial paper; commercial bills papier financier commercial paper; commercial bills; financial paper paradis fiscal tax haven; tax shelter parc (de v6hicules) fleet parc (immobilier p.ex.) stock parc d'engraissement feedlot parc de vaccination vaccination yard parc disponible availability parc immobilier housing stock parc industriel industrial estate, park parcelle de d6monstration demonstration plot parcelle d'habitation housing plot parcelle exp6rimentale test plot parcelle non am6nagee, non viabilisee undeveloped plot parcelle non lotie unsubdivided plot parcelles assainies sites and services parcours rangeland pare-feu firebreak purit6 par value - 371 - parite du pouvoir d'achat purchasing power parity parites de change homogbnes unified cross rates parites mobiles (glissantes, rampantes), crawling peg systeme de part b6neficiaire founder's share part d'adhesion membership shares part de capital proprietary interest part de financement maximale exposure part de fondateur founder's share part des risques exposure partage de l'imp6t, des produits de tax sharing l'imp6t partage de temps time sharing partage des couts cost sharing partage des recettes (fiscales) revenue sharing partage (proportionnelle) des charges burden sharing partenaires commerciaux trading partners partenariat partnership parti architectural layout; design parti constructif structural design participation co-exposure [insurance]; exposure participation a forfait, sans recours nonrecourse participation participation & toutes les echeances strip participation participation au capital equity financing, investment participation au capital social d'une equity ownership societ6 participation aux b6nefices profit sharing participation aux charges burden sharing participation aux frais cost sharing participation des salaries workers' participation participation du concessionnaire working interest; net profits interest participation majoritaire controlling interest participation majoritaire dans l'actif proprietary interest participation proportionnelle funding pro rata partie party partie decaiss6e du portefeuille disbursed portfolio partiellement demont6 partly knocked down pas-de-porte cash bonus passage a gu6 betonne submerged bridge passage a l'conomie mon6taire monetization passage a la phase descendante downturn (economic) passation de marches par entente directe direct contracting passation de pouvoirs (d'une societe a divestiture une autre) passation des marches (publics), procurement (procedures) (procedures de) passation des march6s non conforme aux misprocurement Directives passation par pertes et profits write off - 372 - passe sous le contr6le de taken over by passer du statut "IDA" au statut "Banque" graduate passer le creux de la vague bottom out (of a recession) passer par pertes et profits write off passes par pertes et profits losses and write-offs passible de droits dutiable passif liabilities passif A court terme current liabilities passif i long terme long-term liabilities passif conditionnel contingent liability passif transitoire, temporaire temporary liabilities pasteur pastoralist patrimoine stock; tangible assets, property; equity patrimoine de logements housing stock patrimoine national capial stock patrimoine net net worth patrimoine zootechnique stock paturage tournant rotational grazing pavilion de complaisance flag of convenience; open registry flag payable A vue payable on demand pays A commerce d'Etat state-trading countries pays ACP (Afrique, Cara7bes, Pacifique) ACP countries pays a excedent de capitaux capital-surplus country pays A faible capacite d'absorption low absorber pays A faible revenu low income country pays A forte absorption, a haute high absorber capacite d'absorption pays A littoral etroit coastal strip country pays A moyenne capacite d'absorption medium absorber pays A planification centrale centrally planned economy pays & revenu MMeve high income countries pays A revenu eleve exportateurs de high income oil exporters petrole pays A revenu intermediaire middle income country pays A revenu intermediaire exportateurs middle income oil exporters de petrole pays A revenu interm6diaire importateurs middle income oil importers de petrole pays A revenu intermediaire, tranche lower middle income country inferieure pays a revenu intermediaire, tranche upper middle income country superieure pays A risque credit risk pays beneficiaire recipient country; client country pays d'accueil host country pays de la Deuxieme partie Part 11 countries pays de la Premiere partie Part I countries pays de niveau intermediaire second tier country pays de production primaire primary producing country; commodity - 373 - producing countries pays declarant reporting country pays deficitaire deficit country pays d'implantation host country pays donateur donor country pays en developpement less developed country pays en d6veloppement non producteur de nonoil developing country petrole pays en developpement sans littoral landlocked developing country pays enclav6 landlocked country pays exc6dentaire surplus country pays exportateur de produits primaires primary exporting country pays h6te host country pays industriel A 6conomie de march6 industrial market economy pays insulaire en d6veloppement developing Island country; Island developing country pays les moins avanc6s least developed countries pays les plus gravement touches most seriously affected countries pays moyennement industrialis6 halfway country pays nouvellement industrialise newly industrialized country pays ouvert sur l'exterieur outward-looking, outward-oriented country pays partenaires partner countries pays pouvant beneficier d'un financement blend country mixte, recevant des prets de la BIRD et des credits de l'IDA pays qui ne peuvent beneficier que d'un pure IDA countries financement de l'IDA pays qui ont acces aux marches financiers market-eligible countries pays recevant plus de prets (de la BIRD) hard-blend countries que de credits (de l'IDA) pays represente(s) par un Administrateur constituency of an Executive Director pays sans littoral landlocked country pays surendette debt distressed country pays tres endette heavily Indebted country; highly Indebted country paysan farmer paysannat settlement peche a la ligne de fond bottom fishing peche en eau douce Inland fisheries, fishing peche hauturiere deep sea fishing pedagogie active learning by discovery pension de retraite superannuation; retirement benefits pente gradient penurie gap penurie de dollars dollar gap penurie de liquidite liquidity shortage perception tax office perennite sustainability per6quation inteme internal cross subsidy - 374 - perfectionnement upgrading of skills perfectionnement (du personnel) development perfectionnement de la main-d'oeuvre manpower development perfectionnement des cadres management development perfectionnement du personnel staff development performance (de l'bconomie) performance performance de l'economie economic performance perimetre scheme perimetre irrigue, irrigable command area periode comptable accounting period pbriode de gestation gestation period p6riode de gestation d'un projet lead time of a project periode de maturation gestation period periode de pointe bunching periode de recuperation, de payback period recouvrement, d'amortissement, de remboursement periode d'installation gestation period periodicite timing permanence sustainability permeabilite des classes social mobility personnalite juridique juridical personality; legal existence personne a charge dependent personne dont le nom figure sur la Liste Panel member (de conciliateurs ou d'arbitres) personne morale legal entity, person; corporate body, institution; body corporate personnel staff personnel cadre higher level staff personnel de contrepartie counterpart staff personnel de direction management personnel d'encadrement supervisory staff personnel de soutien, d'appui, auxiliaire support staff personnel detache secondment staff personnel de terrain field staff personnel d'execution line staff personnel engage pour une durbe determinee fixed term staff personnel executant lower echelon staff personnel temporaire, contractuel temporary staff perte (de change, p.ex.) loss perte au change; perte de change exchange discount (perte) de poids mort deadweight (loss) perte en capital capital loss perte pour l'6conomie deadweight loss pertes de recettes fiscales tax expenditures pertes d'exploitation operating losses petit agriculteur smallholder petit exploitant smallholder petit materiel fixtures - 375 - petit mil millet; pearl millet; cattail millet; Indian millet; Afrian millet; Egyptian millet; East Indian millet; rag millet; African cane; Egyptian wheat; bajra petit personnel lower echelon staff petit planteur outgrower; smailholder petite entreprise small-scale enterprise petite hydraulique small-scale Irrigation petite Industrie small-scale Industry petite proprlite, exploitation, plantation smailholding petites et moyennes entreprises small and medium enterprises; small- and medium-scale enterprises petites et moyennes Industries small and medium Industries; small- and medium-scale Industries petits p6rimetres lrrigu6s, Irrigables small-scale Irrigation works, structures petits r6seaux, ouvrages d'lrrigation small-scale Irrigation works, structures petroller tanker peuplement des terres land settlement peuplement forestier stand peuplement pur pure stand peupler (des eaux) stock (to) phase ascendante, d'expansion upswing phase de demarrage, lancement development period (of a project, of a company) phase de transition phase out period phase descendante, de repli, de downswing contraction phenomene de la double joumee, de la double-day phenomenon double tache phosphate (naturel); phosphorite phosphate rock; rock phosphate physionomie des echanges trade pattern phytopathologie plant diseases PIB marchand commercial, commercialized GDP PIB monetaire monetized GDP piAce justificative voucher pieces detachees, en completely knocked down pieces du marche contract documents pieces justificatives documentary evidence; justification pierre a lecher mineral lick; salt lick pile a combustible fuel cell piqueter to peg out piste earth road piste agricole, rurale feeder road piste de debardage evacuation road piste de desserte service road piste de production, de collecte feeder road placage veneer placement marketing; Investment placement de pere de famille blue chip; blue chip security - 376 - placement immobiller real estate investment placement public public borrowing, offering placer invest plafond de chaque pr4t librement accorde free limit of loan plafond de cr6dlt lending limit; credit limit; credit ceiling plafond de reescompte rediscount ceiling plafond des prets librement accordes free limit plafond des taux d'int6ret Interest rate cap plafonnement leveling off plage obligatoire core (working) hours plaine d'inondatton floodplain plan layout; design plan chenille, glissant, a horizon mobile rolling plan plan comptable chart of accounts Plan d'action de Lagos (en vue de la Lagos Plan of Action (for the mise en oeuvre de la Strat6gie de Implementation of the Monrovia Strategy Monrovia pour le developpement for the Economic Development of Africa) 6conomique de l'Afrique) plan (d'action) de l'entreprise business plan Plan d'action forestier tropical Tropical Forestry Action Plan plan d'architecture architectural plan plan de circulation flow chart; process chart plan de financement financial package; financial, financing plan plan d6finitif final design plan de masse (d'un projet) layout plan d'ensemble layout plan plan d'entreprise business plan plan de situation, d'implantation site plan plan de synthese sight level design plan de travail indicatHf indicative statement plan de tr6sorerie cash forecast plan d'6tudes curriculum plan d'exploitation business plan plan d'ing6nierie engineering design plan directeur master plan plan d'occupation des sols land use plan plan d'option sur titres stock option plan plan financier et commercial business plan planage land grading planificateur du d6veloppement development planner planKication autortaire mandatory planning planHfication de la famille family planning planification de la main-d'oeuvre manpower planning planification demographique population planning planification des ressources humaines manpower planning planification d6taillee blueprint planning planHfication du d6veloppement development planning planification du personnel manpower planning - 377 - planification globale comprehensive planning; aggregative planning planification imperative mandatory planning planiflcation indicative guidance planning; indicative planning planiflcation regionale regional planning planning familial famly planning plantation artisanale, villageoise, outgrower satellite plantation en bandes strip planting plantation industrielle, mbre nucleus estate plante alimentaire food plant plante de semence seed plant plante textile fiber crop plantes de couverture nurse crop; cover crop planteur farmer plantule seedling plasme germinatif germplasm plate-forme de forage petrolier oil (drilling) rig, platform plein droit, de ex-officio plus-value profit; appreciation (in value); capital gain plus-value de change exchange premium plus-value latente nette net unrealized gain plus-value sur cessions d'investissements profit on sales of investments plus-values latentes, potentielles unrealized gains poids roulant live load point A temps spot improvement, patching; patching point d'eau watering place point de base basis point point de debarquement landing point de pourcentage percentage point point d'bquilibre break-even point point median (d'une fourchette) central, midpoint estimate point mort, par le point mort, analyse de break-even analysis pointe conjoncturelle upswing pointe, de state of the art pointe de charge peak load pointe saisonniere seasonal peak pois cajan pigeon pea police globale wrap-up insurance policy politique budg6taire fiscal policy politique conjoncturelle business cycle policy politique d'accompagnement accommodating policy politique d'action sur l'offre supply side politics politique d'austerite contractionary policy politique d'austbritb, de rigueur restraint policy politique de change exchange rate policy politique de correction de la conjoncture stop-go, stop and go policy politique de coups d'accordbon stop-go, stop and go policy - 378 - poiltique de coups de frein et stop-go, stop and go policy d'acceierateur poiitique d'egolsme sacre beggar-my-neighbor policy (poiitique de) I'argent A bon marche easy money politique de r6amorgage pump priming policy politique de resserrement du cridit tight credit policy poiitique des prix pricing policy poiltique d'expansion expansionary policy poiitique d'ouverture outward-looking policy politique 6conomique axee sur l'offre supply side economics politique financiere; poitique fiscale fiscal policy politique fonciere land poiicy poiltique tarifaire pricing policy polyculture mixed cropping pompe A main, A motricite humaine, hand pump manuelle pompe relais booster pump ponceau culvert ponction sur les ressources claim (on resources) ponctuel ad hoc; short-term; targeted; localized; specific; spotty; on the spot pond6ration distributive distribution(al) weight pondereux heavy commodities pont-bascule weighbridge pool de monnales currency pool pool d'emprunts borrowing pooi pool provisoire d'emprunts proxy population stock population active working population; labor force population en Age de travailler working age population population vbgbtale plant population portance traffic bearing capacity; load bearing capacity port autonome (de) port authority port en eau profonde deep water port port en lourd deadweight capacity port franc free port portee coverage portefeuille (de la SFI) held portfolio portefeuille de liquiditbs liquid assets portfolio; liquidity portfolio portefeuille de prets loan portfolio porter A to record porteur holder porteur de titres, d'obligations bondholder position de change foreign exchange position position de la balance des palements balance of payments position position de liquldit6 liquidity position position des palements exterieurs external (payment) position - 379 - position des palements internationaux international payments position position des reserves reserve position position de tresorerie cash position position dominante controlling Interest positon sociale status position tarHfaire tariff item possibilite de g6n6raiiser, repeter, replicability reproduire, transposer (p.ex. un projet) possibilite de vente, d'6coulement marketability poste line item; substation poste (de d6penses) item poste (de travail) shift poste abaisseur step-down power station poste A qual berth poste A qual polyvalent multipurpose berth poste d'accostage berth poste d'ajustement reconciliation item poste d'amarrage berth poste de mouilliage anchor station; anchorage point; anchorage berth; anchorage poste d'encadrement, de responsabilit6 line management positon poste de sante health post poste 6l6vateur step-up power station poste hors bilan off-balance-sheet item poste hors-caisse noncash item poste operationnel line position (poste) pour memoire memorandum entry, item; memo item postes divers de I'actif sundry assets postes divers du passif sundry liabilities postes en surnombre redundancy pot-de-vin payoff potentiel de production productive capacity pourcentage de fonds inutilises cost underrun pourcentage de voix voting power pour memoire, (poste) memorandum entry, Item; memo item poursuites proceedings pourvoir en personnel staff pouvoir calorifique heat value pouvoir de d6cision decision-making power pouvoir de garantle guarantee authority pouvoir d'engagement (des ressources) commitment authority; authority pouvoir de pret lending authority pouvoir global de cap Global Cap Authority pouvoir global de swap Global Swap Authority pouvoirs credentials pouvoirs publics government prairie grassland praticable serviceable pratique comptable accounting practices -380 - pratiques culturales farming techniques preambule d'un accord preamble to an agreement; recital of an agreement pr6coce early (maturing) pre d'embouche feedlot pr6f6rence accordee aux entreprises domestic preference; preference, nationales preferential margin; margin of preference pr6f6rentiel concessional; concessionary pr6financement prefinancing pr6investissement seed capital, money prelevement levy; drawdown pr6levement a l'importation import levy pr6levement de I'Etat sur les ressources financial claims of government prelevement sur la plus-value fonciere land betterment tax prelevement sur les ressources claim (on resources) premier cycle de l'enseignement secondaire lower secondary education premier entr6, premier sorti first in, first out premieres activites (d'un projet) initial operation prendre acte to record prendre en charge to take over prendre fin terminate prendre le contr6le (de) to take over prendre une participation au capital to supply share capital preneur de prix price taker preparation du projet project preparation prequalification des soumissionnaires prequalification of bidders prescriptions techniques specifications presentation format presentation de candidature nomination president en exercice serving chairman pression fiscale tax/GDP ratio; tax ratio pressions concurrentes (exercees sur des competing claims (on resources) ressources) pressions inflationnistes inflationary pressures prestation de soins, systeme de health delivery system prestations performance; benefits prestations cong6 dans les foyers home leave benefits prestations de retraite retirement benefits prestations de securite sociale social security benefits prestations d'expatriation expatriate benefits prestations 6ducation education benefits prestations sociales welfare; welfare payments; social benefits prestations sociales, compl6mentaires fringe benefits prestations, systeme de delivery system; supply system prestige status pret "A' 'A" loan pret a affectation non determin6e nonpurpose loan (pret a) decaissement rapide quick disbursing (loan) -381 - pret a l'ajustement de la politique industril and trade policy adjustment loan industrielle et commerciale pret a l'ajustement des exportations export adjustment loan pret a l'ajustement du secteur agricole agricultural sector adjustment loan pret a l'ajustement sectoriel sector adjustment loan pret a la reconstruction emergency reconstruction loan pret-a-monter kit pret assorti de conditions liberales soft loan pret au jour le jour call loan pret a un intermediaire financier financial intermediary loan pret au redressement economique economic recovery loan pret aux conditions commerciales, du hard loan marche pret "B" "B" loan pret ballon balloon loan pret bancaire de premier ordre top-rated bank loan pret cofinance coloan pret comportant un risque souverain sovereign risk loan pret conditionnel standby loan pret consortial syndicated loan pret de qualite quality loan pret destine a couvrir un eventuel overage loan depassement des coOts pret dont on exige le remboursement prematured loan anticipe pret du pool pooled loan pret en cascade apex loan pret en danger jeopardy loan pret en difficulte distressed loan pret en nature commodity loan pret en reserve, sous dossier pipeline loan, credit pret garanti secured loan pret global package loan pret index6 indexed, index-linked, index-tied loan pret liberal, a taux reduit, a taux soft loan bonHif pret librement accorde free-limit loan pret menace jeopardy loan pret non privilegi6 subordinated loan pret non productif nonperforming loan; nonaccruing loan pret par 6tapes time-slice loan pret participatif equity-type loan pret-pays country loan pret privilegie guaranteed loan pret-programme program loan, lending pret-projet project loan, lending pret pyramidal apex loan pret secondaire subloan pret secondaire librement accorde free-limit subloan 382 - pret sectoriel sector loan pret sous forme de prise de participation equity loan pr6t subordonne subordinated loan pret subsidlaire subsidiary loan prOt syndiqu6 syndicated loan pret syndTque en circuit ferme club loan pr6tention claim prOteur de dernier recours lender of last resort preteur en dernier ressort lender of last resort preteur d'orTgine primary lender preteur non privil6gTe subordinate lender prOteur offTcIel lender of record pr&ts a des conditions commerciales commercial lending prOts a l'aJustement structurel structural adjustment lending pr6ts A l'appul de reformes sectorielles policy-oriented sector lending prOts a l'appul, en favour de reformes policy-based lending; policy loans prets A I'nergie energy lending prets a moyen et A long terme term loans prets aux conditions du marche market-related lending prets de tTtres security lending prets exterieurs de source commerciale commercial lending pr§ts forces involuntary ledning prets hypothecaires mortgage financing prets /nvolontaires involuntary lending prets non amortis outstanding loans prets spontan6s, volontaires spontaneous, voluntary lending preuve evidence prevalence (d'une maladie) prevalence pr6visions budgetaires budget estimates previsions de tr6sorerie cash budget pr6voyance sociale social welfare prime premium; cash bonus; incentive payment prime A la qualit6 quality premium prime A lexportation export subsidy prime a l'importation Import subsidy prime de d6part termination grant prime d'6mission premium; discount prime de qualite quality premium prime de r6installation relocation grant prime de remboursement anticipb premium on prepayment prime de risque-inflation inflation premium prime d'expatriation overseas allowance prime d'installation settling-in grant primeur early (maturing) principal principal principaux produits de base core commodities principe de la proportionnalitb pro rata rules principe de l'entreprise independante arm's length principle - 383 - principe du dernier recours (ressources "Bank last" principle de la Banque utilisees en dernier) principe selon lequel les ressources de "Bank last" principle la Banque sont utilisees en dernier principe selon lequel les ressources de "Bank first" principle la Banque sont utilisbes en premier principes directeurs guidelines Principes regissant les conditions Principles of Staff Employment d'emploi du personnel prise catch prise au fil de l'eau run-of-river offtake prise de contr6le par recours a l'emprunt leveraged buyout prise de deision decision-making process prise de force power takeoff; takeoff prise de participation portfolio investment; equity prise de participation au capital social equity financing, investment prise de position position paper prise en charge intake prises de participation equity interests privilge lien prix quotations prix a la consommation consumer price prix a la production producer price prix a la production, au producteur farm gate price prix l la tete de puits wellhead price prix a payer user charges, fees prix administrb administered price prix affiche posted price prix au comptant; prix au jour le jour spot price prix au producteur producer price prix butoir buffer price prix comptable shadow price; accounting price prix courant list price; going price prix cout assurance fret port d'entree/ cost, insurance and freight (ci) port of frontibre entry/border point price prix coOtant cost price prix dans le commerce off-the-shelf price prix de bataille; prix de bradage predatory price prix de cession interne transfer price prix d'ecluse sluice, sluice gate price; lock gate price prix de declenchement trigger price prix de dumping predatory price prix de l'offre bid price prix de parite parity price prix de parite des importations import party price prix de pleine concurrence arm's length price prix d'equilibre (du marche) market-clearing price prix d'equivalence parity price prix de rbfbrence shadow price; marker, benchmark price - 384 - prix de refbrence fiscal tax reference price prix de revient cost; cost price prix de revient A I'unitW unit cost prix de revient complet, mbthode du full cost accounting; absorption accounting prix de revient imp6ts compris tax-paid cost prix de revient majorb, systeme du cost-plus pricing system prix de revient par commande, m6thode du job order accounting prix de soutien support price prix de transfert transfer price prix de transfert (entre entreprises) intercompany pricing prix debarqub, au dbbarquement landed price prix d6part usine producer price; ex factory price; price ex factory; factory gate price prix des facteurs factor price prix d'integration reservation price (of labor) prix d'intervention intervention price; trigger price prix donnes par le(s) fournisseur(s) price quotations prix du disponible spot price prix du marchb market price; spot price prix du spot spot price prix economique economic price; efficiency price prix en vigueur going price prix forfaitaire contract price; lump sum price prix franco a bord port d'embarquement free on board (fob) port of shipment price prix franco frontiere; prix frontiere border price prix global lump sum price prix impose par le vendeur administered price prix imposes resale price maintenance prix indicatif target price; marker, benchmark price; guiding price prix interne transfer price prix minimum floor price prix (normal) du march6 arm's length price prix-objectif target price prix paritaire A l'exportation export parity price prix paritaire A l'importation import parity price prix plafond ceiling price prix plancher floor price prix r6alisb realized price prix-seuil threshold price prix social social price prix sortie usine ex factory price; price ex factory; factory gate price prix sur coupe; prix du bois sur pied stumpage price prix virtuel shadow price probleme des files d'attente queueing problem problemes de rodage teething problems (proc6dure A) approbation tacite "no objection" (procedure) - 385 - proc6dure abreg6e d'evaluation pass-through audit retrospective des projets procedure orale oral procedure (procedures de) passation des march6s procurement (procedures) (publics) proces proceedings proces-verbal (de la Commission) report (of Commission) procurer, se to raise (funds, etc.) producteur agricole farmer production output production alimentaire food production production en (grande) serie mass production production exc6dentaire oversupply production industrielle factory farming production interieure brute GDP less household and Government salaries production marchande, a grande echelle, commercial production a echelle commerciale production non rentable, non economique uneconomic production production sacrifiee forgone output production vegetale crop production production vivribre food production productivite financibre (d'actifs earning power materiels, d'actifs financiers) productivite vivribre food crop yield produit returns; revenues; commodity produit (d'un emprunt) proceeds produit constat6 d'avance deferred income produit d'appel loss leader produit de base commodity produit de l'imp6t tax yield produit de marque brand name product produit de premibre necessite staple (good) produit des exportations export earnings, proceeds produit destin6 & la pr6paration de beverage crop boissons (p.ex. the, cafe, cacao) produit final output produit int6rieur brut gross domestic product produit int6rieur brut au coOt des gross domestic product at factor cost facteurs produit interieur brut aux prix du march6 gross domestic product at market prices produit mat6riel brut gross material product produit materiel net net material product produit national brut gross national product produit par unite de depense proceeds per unit of outlay produit pharmaceutique gen6rique generic drug produit primaire primary commodity, product produit(s) income (produit) destin6 a un groupe particulier self-targeting (commodity) de consommateurs -386 - produits a base de poisson, derives du fish products poisson produits blancs white goods; big ticket items produits bruns brown goods produits de croisement crossbred progeny produits d'incitation incentive goods produits industriels industrial goods produits petroliers en vrac bulk oil products profil de croissance growth pattern profil des echanges trade pattern profilometre multiroues bump integrator profit profit profit d'aubaine, inattendu, windfall profit de conjoncture profiteur free rider profits returns; revenues; earnings progiciel software package programmation lineaire linear programming programme package; scheme programme (scolaire) syllabus programme a grand rayon d'action outreach program Programme conjoint PNUD/Banque mondiale Energy Sector Management Assistance d'assistance a la gestion du secteur Programme energ6tique programme d'action policy package Programme d'action concertee pour Joint Program of Action for Sub-Saharan l'Afrique au sud du Sahara Africa Programme des Nations Unies pour le United Nations Programme of Action developpement redressement economique for African Economic Recovery and et le de l'Afrique, 1986-1990 Development, 1986-1990 programme d'action (de la Banque) (pour country program paper un pays donne) programme d'aide alimentaire food demand program programme d'application application; applications program Programme d'assistance speciale (de la (World Bank) Program of Special Banque mondiale aux pays membres) Assistance (to Member Countries) programme d'autoconstruction (de self-help housing scheme logements) programme decentralis6 outreach program programme de coop6ration cooperative program programme de cooperation FAO/BIRD FAO/IBRD Cooperative Program programme de d6veloppement des capacites Evaluation Capability Development d'evaluation retrospective Program programme de traitement de la dette debt work-out program programme de restructuration de la dette debt work-out program programme mixte de cooperation Joint IBRD/UNIDO Cooperative Program BIRD/ONUDI programme d'enseignement curriculum programme de pret lending program - 387 - programme de rations alimentaires food ration program programme de sauvetage, renflouement, rescue package programme de techniques agricoles package programme de transition phase out program programme (d'etudes) terms of reference Programme d'evaluation du secteur Energy Sector Assessment Programme energetique Programme d'6valuation du secteur UNDP/World Bank Energy Assessment 6nerg6tique PNUD/Banque mondiale Program programme de ventes subventionnees social marketing program programme de vulgarisation outreach program programme dont l'ampleur est fonction du volume driven program volume des activites essentielles programme d'operations operating program Programme PNUD/Banque mondiale pour UNDP-World Bank Water Decade Program la decennie de l'eau potable programme prioritaire core program programme prioritaire de redressement Africa's Priority Programme for 6conomique de I'Afrique, 1986-1990 Economic Recovery, 1986-1990 programme relais rollover project, program programme scolaire curriculum Programme special de recherche et de Special Programme for Research and formation concernant les maladies Training in Tropical Diseases tropicales Programme special pour la recherche Special Program for African Agricultural agricole en Afrique Research programme special d'assistance de la (World Bank) Special Program of Assistance Banque mondiale (en faveur des pays (for the Low-Income Debt-Distressed A faible revenu surendettes d'Afrique Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa) subsaharienne) programme-test shadow program programme utilisateur application; applications program programme 'vivres contre travail" food-for-work programme programmes de renforcement institutionnel institutional programs programmes et methodes software progression (du desert) encroachment progression par tranches bracket creep, progression progressivite des droits tariff escalation projections de tr6sorerie cash projections projet venture; design projet a caractbre social soft project projet agropastoral mixed farming project projet a probIbmes problem project projet a rendement rapide quick yielding project projet cles en main turnkey project projet d'assainissement sewerage project Projet de comparaison international International Comparison Project projet de d6monstration, de prestige showcase project projet de d6veloppement rural integre integrated rural development project - 388 - projet d'effort maximum "best effort' project projet de relance des exportations export rehabilitation project projet d'etat financier worksheet projet d'ex6cution detailed design, engineering; final design projet d'ingenierie engineering design projet d'intervention minimum minimum package project projet d'investissement investment project projet en regime de croisiere mature project projet en reserve, sous dossier actif, pipeline project potentiel projet enclave enclave project projet entibrement nouveau greenfield project projet financierement autonome self-liquidating project projet gigogne piggyback project projet hors normes behest project projet mondial global project projet non essentiel noncore project projet "nouveau style" "new style" project projet 'parapluie' umbrella project projet polyvalent, integre multipurpose project projet pouvant etre finance par la Banque bankable project projet relais rollover project, program; follow-up project projet replique repeater project projet strat6gique core project projet susceptible de b6n6ficier d'un bankable project concours financier projets s'excluant mutuellement mutually exclusive projects prolongation extension promoteur real estate developer; sponsor; developer promotion output; marketing promotion des echanges, commerciale trade promotion promotion sociale welfare; social development propension marginale marginal propensity proportionnalite, principe de la pro rata rules prospectif forward-looking prospection survey; exploration prospection de talents head hunting prospectus prospectus prospectus de promotion package protection de la sante de la mere et de maternal and child health; mother and l'enfant child health protection effective effective protection protection matemelle et infantile maternal and child health; mother and child health protection nominale nominal protection protection phytosanitaire pest and disease control protection sociale social welfare - 389 - protocole d'accord letter of understanding; memorandum of understanding protocole d'actionnaires joint venture agreement provision retainer provision pour aleas d'execution physical contingencies provision pour al6as financiers price contingencies provision pour aleas techniques physical contingencies provision pour amortissement allowance for depreciation; reserve for depreciation provision pour consommation du capital capital consumption allowance provision pour 6puisement (d'un gisement) depletion allowance, reserve provision pour hausse des prix price contingencies provision pour imprbvus reserve for contingencies; allowance for contingencies; contingency allowance; contingent reserve provision pour imprbvus financiers price contingencies provision pour pertes reserve for losses; provision for losses; loss provision provision pour risques risk allowance provision(s) pour amortissement depreciation allowance provisionner earmark (funds) provisions provisions publication assistbe par ordinateur desktop publishing publications professionnelles trade publications publi6 sous la direction de edited by puissance installee installed capacity puissance nominale rated capacity puits creus6 dug well puits fonc6 driven well puits non tubb uncased well puits tubW cased well puits tubulaire tubewell pulverisation a dos knapsack spraying pulv6risation ULV, a volume tres rbduit ultra low volume spraying purge (d'une hypotheque) redemption - 390 - quadrillage grid qualHfications qualifications; background qualKfications de base basic skills quantite debarqu6e landings quantite pech6e catch quartier area quartier nouveau development quartier spontane, non loti squatter area, settlement quasi-capital; quasi-fonds propres quasi-equity quasi-monnaie quasi-money question pr6alable preliminary question questions a choix multiples multiple choice questions quitus fiscal tax clearance quota; quote-part quota - 391 - rabals price discount; discount rabals de qualite quaifty discount rabattement drawdown raccord finishing raccordement connection; wiring rachat redemption rachetable redeemable racheter to take over racine amylacee starchy root crop racines root crops radiot6i6phone cellulaire cellular phone ralson sociale trade narne ramasser coliect rang de nalssance birth order rapatriement de salalres workers' remittance rappel accelere accelerated recall rapport 'age-personnes a charge" dependency ratio rapport cours-b6n6fices price-earning ratio; P/E ratio rapport d'achevement du projet project completion report rapport d'activit6 progress report; status report rapport de d6couverture stripping ratio rapport de dependance en fonction de i'age dependency ratio rapport de liquidit6 reserve ratio rapport de masculinite sex ratio Rapport de preparation Preparation Report rapport de supervision Supervision Report rapport d'evaluation (d'un projet) staff appraisal report rapport d'evaluation r6trospective du project performance audit report projet rapport d'lmpact Impact (evaluation) report rapport d'orientatlon background paper Rapport du Pr6sident President's Report rapport 6conomique World Bank Country Study rapport eleves/enselgnant pupil-teacher ratio; teacher-pupil ratio rapport encours des prets/fonds propres gearing ratio rapport entr6es-sorties Input-output ratio rapport initial inception report rapport personnel (p.ex. staffing ratio m6dical)/population rapport sectorel, rapport sur le Sector Report secteur de... Rapport sur le developpement dans le monde World Development Report rapport sur les resultats du projet project performance report rapport sur l'etat d'avancement (d'un progress report; status report projet) rapport technique de la Banque mondiale World Bank Technical Paper - 392 - rapports A foumir reporting requirement(s) rapports periodiques perfom eance evaluation rassemblement de donnees data collection rassembler collect rassembler des preuves to marshal evidence ratio capital/service capital-service ratio ratio capitaux propres/actifs equity ratio ratio coOts-avantages cost-benefit ratio ratio de couverture de 'int6ret interest coverage ratio ratio de levier leverage (ratio); gearing (ratio) ratio de liqulditA liquidity ratio ratio de liquldite generale current ratio; working capital ratio ratio d'endettement debt-equity ratio; debt-to-equity ratio; debt-to-capital ratio ratio d'endettement A long terme long-term debt ratio ratio de solvabilite debt ratio ratio de solvabilit4-endettement leverage (ratio); gearing (ratio) ratio de structure du passif leverage (ratio); gearing (ratio) ratio de tresorerie reduite acid-test ratio; liquid ratio; quick ratio ratio du service de la dette debt-service ratio ratio du service des Interets interest service ratio ratio financier financial ratio ratio prix comptable-prix du marche accounting ratio ration alimentaire food intake ration calorique calorie intake rationalisation streamlining rationalisatbon des chokx budg6taires planning, programming, budgeting system ratios de fonds propres capital ratios rattacher sur to peg (prices, interest rates) rattrapage retrofitting rayon de recrutement (d'une ecole) range readaptation professionnelle rehabilitation r6alisation liquidation; development realisatlon des bons encashment realisations output; performance; actual(s) realis6 locked in ream6nagement rehabilitation r6approvisbonner replenish (an account) rebolsement reafforestation; reforestation recalcul (p.ex. d'un pret) recasting (e.g. a loan) recense registered (e.g. tradesmen) recensement survey receptionner to handle recession recession r6cessbon avec inflation slumpflation recette (des contributions) tax office recettes returns; revenues; earnings; income recettes courantes, ordinaires, aux prix current revenues courants - 393 - recettes d'exploitation funds from operations recettes d'exportation export eamings, proceeds recettes domaniales property Income recettes 6chues accrued Income recettes financieres, budgetaires, fiscal revenue fiscales recettes occasionnelles occasional eamrings recettes publiques govemment receipts, revenues recevabilite eligibility; eligibility conditions recevoir to handle rechargement resurfacing; graveling; regraveling r6chaud stove recherche retrieval recherche adaptative adaptive research recherche appliqu6e applied research recherche cooperative, en commun, cooperative research concertne recherche d'adaptation adaptive research recherche de pointe pioneering research recherche-d6veloppement research and development recherche exploratoire exploratory research recherche fondamentale basic research; academic research recherche operationnelle operational, operations research recherche operationnelle sur les health services monitoring services de sante recherche sur les systemes agraires farming systems research reclamation claim reclassement maturation (of borrowers from IDA to IBRD); graduation reclassement (des postes) regrading recolte catch reconduction rollover; extension reconduction de credits carryovers reconnaissance survey reconnaissance et execution (de la recognition and enforcement (of award) sentence arbitrale) reconstitution des ressources replenishment of resources reconstitution des stocks restocking reconstitution du troupeau, du cheptel restocking recouvrement (des couts) recovery recouvrement de l'investissement return of capital recouvrement des coOts cost recovery recouvrement du pret loan recovery recouvrer recoup; collect recrue regrowth rectification du trace realignment recu voucher; certificate of payment recueillir collect r6cup6ration recovery - 394 - recuperation assistee, am6lioree enhanced recovery recuperation des terres land reclamation r6cuperation secondaire secondary recovery recup6ration tertiaire tertiary (oil) recovery recuperer reclaim; recoup recusation disqualification recyclage retraining recyclage (des capitaux) recycling (of capital) r6dacteur editor red6plolement de l'industrie Industrial transformation redevance royalty; fee(s) redevance d'exploitation stumpage fee redevance de comptage meter rent redevances charges redevances d'eau water charges redevances des usagers user charges, fees redistribution shift redressement recovery; rehabilitation; upswing redressement financier financial adjustment reduction roiling back r6duction du capital capital Impairrnent reduction tarHfaire tariff cuts r-echelonnement de la dette rescheduling of a debt; rephasing of a debt r6emploi des ressources du Fonds Trust Fund reflows fiduclaire re6quipement rehabilitation resquipement Industriel retrofitting r66quipement Industriel a la demande custom retrofitting reescompte rediscount reescompter rediscount; discount r66valuation revaluation r6fectlon rehabilitation ref6rence, de standard r6f6rences credentials refinancement refunding; rollover refinancement (d'un prdt) refinancing reflAchage patching; spot patching, improvement reflation reflation r6forme agraire; reforme fonciere land reform reformer du materiel write off refuge fiscal tax shelter r6g6n6ration rehabilitation regie (p.ex. des eaux) authority regie, en by/on force account r6gie portuaire port authority regime scheme r6gime de croisiere self-sustaining state; sustainability regime de croisiere, en at full development r6gime de fruits frais fresh fruit bunch - 395 - regime de retraite anticip6e early retirement scheme Regime de retralte du personnel Staff Retirement Plan rbgime de sbcurit6 sociale social security scheme regime des changes exchange system r6gime des licences d'importation Import licensing regime fiscal tax system r6gime foncier land tenure system regime fonde sur la capitalisation fully funded system reglme fonde sur la r6partition pay-as-you-go system; unfunded system r6gion area reglage management reglage de pr6cision, conJoncturel fine tuning (of the economy) rbgiement liquidation; settlement; standing instructions, orders Reglement Bylaws rbglement (d'un diff6rend) settlement (of a dispute) Reglement d'arbitrage Arbitration Rules Rbglement de conciliation Conciliation Rules Reglement de proc6dure relatif aux Rules of Procedure for Conciliation and instances de conciliation et d'arbitrage Arbitration Proceedings Reglement du personnel Staff Rules reglementation standard roglementation des changes exchange control regulations reglementation des salaires wage control Rbglements (du Centre) Regulations and Rules (of the Centre) rogles comptables accounting procedure roles de fond substantive law r,gles de proc6dure procedural law; adjective law rbgles de prudence prudent man rule Regles relatives A la conduite des Rules of Procedure for Meetings of the reunions des Administrateurs Executive Directors r6gulation management; control regulation de la demande demand management regulation de l'offre supply management regulation des naissances birth control rehabilitation rehabilitation rehabiliter (un quartier) upgrade reinsertion rehabilitation reinstallation relocation rejets waste; wastage; discharge; drop out relance recovery; reflation; rehabilitation relation inverse trade-off relations (interindustrielles) linkages relations interindustrielles verticales backward-forward integration, linkage relations professionnelles, du travail labor-management relations; labor relations; industrial relations releve statement; survey; certificate of payment releve de compte statement of account relev6 des depenses statement of expenditure - 396 - relevement recovery; rehablitation relever to record reliquat overhang reliquat du credit unspent credit balance relocaiisation relocation r6manent residual (e.g. effect) remboursable redeernable remboursement payoff; refunding; tax rebate; amortization (of loan) remboursement anticipe prepaymnent; advance repayment remboursement (anticipe) de la dette retirement of outstanding debt remboursement (des droits de douane) drawback remboursement (du trop percu) tax refund remboursement en tranches 6gales level repayment remboursement forfaitaire tax rebate remembrement des terres land consolidation remettre en culture reclaim remise remission; forgiveness (of a debt) remise (de dette) cancellation (of a debt) remise de la dette debt cancellation remise d'imp6t forgiven tax remise (d'un contrat) delivery (of a contract) remise en 6tat; remise en exploitation rehabilitation remission fiscale tax hdiday remontee en dents de scie ratcheting up remplacement proxy remplacement des importations import substitution remplol des plus-values rollover of gains r6mun6rateur profitable r6mun6ration retums; revenues; compensation; consideration; fee(s) r6mun6ration des facteurs factor income r6mun6ration forfaitaire par personne capitation [health financing] r6mun6ration globale earnings rendement output; throughputs rendement (p.ex. 6levage) performance rendement a l'6ch6ance yield to maturity rendement a l'usinage milling yield rendement converti en taux d'interet coupon equivalent yield rendement courant current yield rendement de l'actif return on assets rendement de l'imp6t tax yield rendement de l'investissement investment retum, yield; return on capital; return on equity; return on investment; return on capital employed rendement des actifs productifs return on eaming assets rendement 6nergetique fuel efficiency rendement maximum soutenable maximum sustainable yield rendement thermique heat rate - 397 - rendements d'echelle returns to scale rendements decroissants diminishing retums rendements sociaux social retums renflouer bail out renforcement deepening renforcement d'institutions institution building renoncer to waive renonciation waiver; waiver (of a right); relinquishment renonciation a des recettes forgone revenues renouvellement rollover; tumover renouvellement de la couche de surface resurfacing renovation rehabilitation rentabilite cost-effectiveness; eaming power rentabilite de l'investissement investment retum, yield; return on capital; return on equity; return on investment; return on capital employed rentabilite des capitaux capital efficiency rentable cost-effective; profitable rente economic rent; excess profit [sens economique] rente (fonciere, p.ex.) rent rente du consommateur consumer surplus rentr6es returns; revenues; cash inflows renvoi referral reorganisation rehabilitation reorientation shift repartition breakdown repartition dans le temps timing repartition des charges burden sharing; cost sharing repartition des cultures cropping pattern r-partition des ressources allocation of resources r6partition du capital ownership (of a corporation) r6partition 6quitable (des risques) equalization (of currency fluctuation risks) repartition geographique des prets direction of lending repercussion de l'imp6t shffting of tax repercussions spillover reperer to peg out repertoire informatique sur les Data on Consulting Firms consultants repli6 sur soi-meme inward-looking report premium report a nouveau balance carried forward report a nouveau beneficiaire accumulated profit report de credits carryovers report d'imp6t tax deferral reports A nouveau retained eamings representation coverage r6pression financiere financial repression reprise recovery; rehabilitation - 398 - reprise d'activit6 uptum (economic) reprise d'ertreprise par les salari6s leveraged management buyout reprise ferme renouvelable revolving underwriting facility reproductibilit6 repiicability reprofilage regrading; reshaping reseau scheme reseau de distribution grid r6seau de drainage des eaux de pluie storm water drainage system r6seau de services delivery system; supply system reseau de soins coordonn6s health maintenance organization r6seau 6lectrique power grid, network; power system; grid reseau principal main power grid (electricity) reseaux divers utilitles r6serve de projets pipeline of projects r6serve de valeur store-of-value Reserve gen6rale General Reserve(s) reserve 16gale; r6serve obligatoire legal reserve r6serve pour impr6vus contingent reserve reserve pour pertes reserve against losses Reserve speciale Special Reserve R6serve supplementaire pour pertes sur Supplemental Reserve against Losses on prets et pour pertes dues a des Loans and from Currency Devaluations d6valuations (Reserve supplbmentaire) (Supplemental Reserve) reserve tournante spinning reserve r6server earmark (funds) r6serves qualifications; earned surplus r6serves de change, en devises foreign exchange reserves r6serves disponibles free reserves reserves halieutiques fish stock r6serves idealement r6cup6rables ultimate recoverable reserves r6serves internationales international reserves reserves latentes hidden reserves reserves obligatoires reserve requirement reserves primaires primary reserves reserves recuperables recoverable reserves reserves supplementaires secondary reserves reservoir d'id6es think tank resiliation termination resilier terminate resistance de la chaussee pavement strength responsabilisation; responsabilite accountability responsable decision-maker responsable de la vulgarisation extension officer responsable du projet project officer resquilleur free rider resserrement retrenchment resserrement du credit tightening of credit; tight money; credit squeeze; credit tightening; financial restraint, stringency - 399 - resserrement monetaire monetary restraint ressources a emplol specifique tied resources ressources en devises foreign exchange resources ressources halieutiques fish stock ressources inexploit6es untapped resources ressources necessaires (au input fonctionnement de qch.) ressources non generatrices d'endettement non debt-creating flows ressources permanentes, stables investment capital; invested capital; capital; (owners') equity plus medium- and long-term (MLT) debt ressources utilisees input restauration rehabilitation restrictions a la consommation de brownout l'electricit restrictions de paiements payments restrictions restrictions r6siduelles hard core restrictions volontaires (du commerce) voluntary restraints (on trade) restructuration structural adjustment restructuration de la dette debt restructuring restructuration financibre work out r6sultat de l'exercice net income (for period) r6sultat d'exploitation operating Income, profit resultat final bottom line r6sultat (net) hors-exploitation nonoperating (net) income r6sultat(s) income resultats output; actual(s) resultats economiques economic performance resultats financiers financial performance, results r6sultats obtenus performance r6sultats scolaires educational achievements resum6 proceedings resume analytique Executive Project Summary resume analytique d'un projet executive project summary retard slippage; lag; time lag retard par rapport au calendrier time overrun retards prolonges dans le service de la protracted arrears dette retention storage retenue a la source withholding tax; pay-as-you-earn; pay-as-you-go; attachment retenue de garantie retention money retombees spillover retour d'information feedback (of information) retrait massif run (on the banks) retribution fee(s) retroaction feedback (of information) retroceder (un pret) relend r6trocession onlending; onward lending; sell down -400 - retroinformation feedback (of information) r6union de synthese wrap-up meeting r6union informelle, officieuse informal meeting r6utilisation des donnees feedback (of information) revalorisation revaluation revendication claim revendication salariale wage claim revenu income revenu agricole farm income revenu des placements portfolio income revenu discretionnaire discretionary income revenu disponible disposable income revenu disponible brut gross disposable income revenu imposable assessed income revenu interieur brut gross domestic income revenu monetaire money income; cash income revenu national brut gross national income revenu net des services de facteurs net factor service income revenu net du projet project rent revenu (net) hors-exploitation nonoperating (net) income revenu par habitant per capita income revenu(s) des placements investment income revenu des facteurs factor income revenus returns; revenues revenus autres que la remuneration du uneamed income travail revenus de la propriete property income revenus des placements interest income, earnings revenus domaniaux property income revenus du travail eamed income revenus (en situation d') equilibre equilibrium income revetement du puits well lining reviser overhaul reviseur des comptes auditor rhizomes rootstock crops; rhizomes rigueur budgetaire retrenchment risque exposure risque de change exchange risk; foreign exchange risk risque de conflits armes et de war and civil disturbance risk troubles civils risque de perte sur les taux d'interet interest rate risk risque de rupture de contrat breach of contract risk risque de transfert currency transfer risk risque d'insolvabilite credit risk risque d'insolvabilite de l'Etat sovereign risk emprunteur risque par pays country risk risque pour la sante health hazard risque souverain sovereign risk - 401 - ristoume drawback riz aquatique flooded rice riz de bas-fond bottomiands rice; lowland rice riz de mangrove mangrove rice riz de marais swamp rice rkz flottant floating rice riz pluvial rainfed rice riz see, pluvial, de montagne, de upland rice; mountain rice; highland rice savane, de plateau role Register r6le de catalyseur catalytic role rotation tumaround (time); turnover rotation des stocks inventory tumover rouages administratifs administrative machinery roulement tumover roulier roll-on/roll-off (ro/ro) ship route a caracteristiques etudiees, elevees engineered road route A caracteristiques reduites unengineered road route construite selon des normes modestes low standard road route d'acces; route de desserte feeder road route en graveleux; route en lat6rite gravel road route en terre earth road route en terre moderne engineered road route laterale service road route non revetue earth or gravel road; earth road route principale primary road route revetue, bitum6e paved road routiers truckers rubrique line item ruissellernent watershed; runoff rythme timing - 402 - sablage resealing sables asphaltiques tar sands sables petroliferes oil sands saisie attachment; foreclosure salaire d'integration reservation salary, wage salaire economique efficiency wage, earnings salaire exprime en unites de produits product wage salaire nominal money wage salaire(s) de r6f6rence, virtuels shadow wages salegre mineral lick; salt lick salubrite sanitation salubrite du milieu environmental health, sanitation sanctions commerciales trade sanctions sans effet sur les ressources resource-neutral sans objet not applicable satellite d'exploration des ressources earth resources satellite terrestres saupoudrage des ressources dispersion of resources savoir-faire know-how scenario de croissance growth pattern schema scheme schema de preference Generalized System of Preferences schema directeur guidelines schbma operationnel flow chart; process chart schema pathologique pattern of disease schema theorique conceptual design sch6matisation stylized fact schistes bitumineux oil shale schistosomiase schistosomiasis sciages sawnwood second march6 (de la bourse) unlisted securities market secours relief secours d'urgence emergency assistance secteur field; industry secteur agroalimentaire agroprocessing industries secteur des entreprises corporate sector secteur du batiment construction sector secteur du batiment et des travaux publics construction sector secteur du camionnage truckers secteur non structure, non organise, informal sector traditionnel, marginal secteur priv6 industry secteur structure, moderne formal sector secteurs de production primaire commodity producing sectors securite security - 403 - s6curit6 alimentaire food security securite de jouissance security of tenure sedentarisation settlement selection des plantes plant breeding selectionneur breeder semence certifiee certified seed semence de base foundation seed semence de reproduction, de scsche breeder seed semence homologuee registered seed semence more foundation seed semences de plein champ field seeds semi-monte semiknocked down s6minaire (du Conseil) Board seminar semis seedling semi-vrac breakbulk serie chronologique time series serie des avantages benefit stream serie de(s) coOts cost stream Snrie "questions et probl6mes" issues paper service teaching load; unit service bancaire international international banking facility Service-conseil pour l'investissement Foreign Investment Advisory Service etranger service de placement des fonds de retraite pension finance unit service de promotion et de developpement Africa Project Development Facility des investissements en Afrique service d'ex6cution, fonctionnel, charge operating department de l'exploitation service minimum nominal service service technique engineering department services staff services a 1'exception des revenus de nonfactor services facteurs services bancaires pour les particuliers retail banking services collectifs community services services de motoculture mechanization services services de sante communautaire community health services services et reseaux utilities services exterieurs outreach activies; field staff services generaux support staff services non facteurs nonfactor services services non marchands nonmarket services services officiels government services payants fee-based services services publics public utilities; public utility corporation services publics, (entreprises de) utilities services specialises professional services servitude charge; lien -404 - seuil de pauvret6 poverty line; poverty income threshold seull de reclassement cutoff point (for Bank or IDA financing) seuil de rentabilite break-even point; cutoff rate (of return) SIBOR SIBOR signal signal signature creditworthiness; credit standing signaux donnes par les prix price signals signe pr6curseur bellwether (of economic trends) signer un accord execute an agreement simple d'acces user friendly simplification streamlining; stylized fact sirop de glucose a haute teneur high fructose corn syrup en fructose site site site g6othermique geothermal deposit situation status situation de famille marital status situation des paiements (d'un pays) payments position (of a country) situation des reserves reserve position situation du capital capital position situation economique et sociale socioeconomic status situation financiere statement of condition; financial statement situation monetaire monetary survey situation nette net worth; stockholders' equity; shareholders' equity; owners' equity; equity; net worth; capital base societ corporate body, institution; body corporate sociCte, etc., A risque credit risk societe A risques communs joint venture societe anonyme limited liability company societe civile nonstock corporation societe commerciale trading company societe de capital-risque venture capital company societe de commercialisation trading company societe d'economie mixte mixed enterprise; semipublic company societe de financement de l'innovation venture capital company societe de financement du developpement development finance company societe de gestion management company societe de negoce trading company socibte d'epargne et de credit savings and loan association societe de personnes partnership societe de placement securities dealer; securities firm societe de placement collectif investment company, fund societe de portefeulile holding company Societe de services de gestion pour African Management Services Company l'Afrique societe d'etudes consulting firm socibtb d'investissement investment company, fund - 405 - societe d'investissement a capital open-end (investment) fund; unit trust variable societe d'investissement a capital fixe; closed-end Investment company, fund; societe d'investissement ferm6e investment trust societ6 dont les actions sont cotees en publidy traded company bourse societe en commandite par actions joint stock company societe fictive shell company societe (de) holding holding company socibte mandat6e (par la Banque mondiale) commissioned company societe mere parent company societe par actions stock corporation societs publique public corporation soins ambulatoires outpatient treatment soins curatifs primaires front-lne care soins de sant& de base basic health care soins de sant6 primaires primary health care solde budgqtaire fiscal balance solde courants current account balance; current balance solde de ressources resource balance solde de tr6sorerie cash balance; cash holdings; cash In hand; cash on hand solde des palements courants, des current account balance; current balance operations courantes solde disponible, non utilise undrawn balance solder (un compte) balance (an account) soldes detenus au titre des operations a balances held on a covered basis terme sols peu fertiles marginal soil(s) solution d'attente stopgap measure solution de rechange alternative solvabilite creditworthiness; credit standing soivabilite des b6neficiaires affordabUity sommes dues accounts payable sondage drilling sortie output sortie (d'une immobilisation) retirement (of a fixed asset) sortie de fonds disbursement sortie imprimee printout; hard copy sorties de caisse cash expenditures souche stock soudure pre-harvest gap soulagement relief soumission bid submission soumissionnalre (le plus offrant) (le bidder (highest/lowest) moins disant) soumissionnaire classe second, deuxieme second lowest bidder soumissionnalre le moins-disant lowest bidder soumissionnaire le plus offrant highest bidder - 406 - sous-aliment6s undemourished sous contr6le etranger foreign-owned souscripteur holder sous-emploi underemployment sous-emplol des ressources slack sous-endette underieveraged sous-facturation des exportations underinvoicing of exports sous-garant subunderwriter sous-investissement underirnvestment sous-acent underlying sous le contr6le intbgral ou majoritaire owned or controlled by de sous-prdt sub-loan sous-projet subproject sous-region subregion sous-secteur subsector sous-traitant subcontractor sous-traitant propose nominated subcontractor sous-traiter A contract out sous-utilisation des ressources slack sous-utilisation d'un credit ouvert underrun souscription au capital equity subscription souscription excedentaire oversubscription souscription initiale initial subscription souscription non assortie de reserves unrestricted subscription souscrire au capital to supply share capital soutage bunkering soutes bunker; bunker oil soutien de famille principal (income) earner; breadwinner soutien des prix price support special concessional; concessionary special pour les produits miniers des Sysmin ACP et des PTOM) sp6cialiste de l'analyse economique economic analyst specialiste de la passation des marches procurement agent specialite pharmaceutique brand name drug specKfications techniques specffications specimen legalise authenticated specimen of signature speculations crops sphere r6elle (de l'economie) real side (of the economy) squatter to squat squatteur squatter stabilisateurs automatiques built-In stabilizers stabilisation flattening out stage study course; Internship stage de recyclage, perfectionnement refresher course stagflation stagflation staglaire trainee stagnation stagnation (of the economy) -407- standard standard station de monte service station station de pompage pumping station station d'epuration treatment plant station d'epuration des eaux usees sewage (treatment) plant station de surpression booster (pumping) station station zootechnique, g6netique breeding station statistique(s) historique(s) historical statistics statistique(s) retrospective(s) historical statistics statistiques de I'etat civil vital statistics statut status; bylaws statut d'occupation land tenure rights Statuts Articles of Agreement stimulant incentive stock(s) stock stockage storage; storage stocker stock (to) stocks; stocks et en-cours de production inventory; inventories stocks regulateurs buffer stocks Strategie internationale du d6veloppement International Development Strategy structure administrative organizational structure structure de la dette debt structure structure de la production product mix structure de l'investissement Investment pattern structure des echanges trade pattem structure du capital social ownership structure (of a company) structure du personnel staffing structure financiere capital structure structure institutionnelle institutional framework structure sociale corporate structure structurel underdying subdMivision regionale subregion subordination a plusieurs autorites matrix reporting substitution proxy; trade-off substitution (de productions locales) import substitution aux importations subvention grant-in-aid; incentive payment subvention a l'achat d'intrants input subsidy subvention a la consommation consumer subsidy subvention aux prix price subsidy subvention croisee, reciproque cross subsidization subvention interne subvention d'6quilibre balancing subsidy; budgetary aid subvention d'equipement equipment grant; investment grant subvention d'exploitation, de operating subsidy fonctionnement suite a donner follow-up suite donnee processing suivi monitoring; follow-up - 408 - suM et evaluation monitoring and evaluation suivi socio-professhonnel tracer study sujet area sujet (d'6tudes) subject matter sujet economlque economic man superficie agricole utle useful farm space sup6rieur lmm6dlat, direct line manager sup6rieurs (hl6rarchlques) supervisory staff superphosphate triple triple superphosphate superviseurs supervisory staff supervision du projet project supervision supplanter crowd out suppl6ant alternate support p6dagoglque instructional aid surajustement overshooting surarbitre umpire surcapacit6, en overstaffed surcharge (des paturages) overgrazing surdimenslonn6 overdesigned sureffectHf, en overstaffed sureffectls redundancy suremplol overemployment surendette overgeared; highly leveraged surestimation des coOts cost underrun sOretb lien; security; guarantee sOret6 constituee en garantle de performance security 1'executlon du marche surexploitation des ressources overfishing halieutiques surexploitation des terres (due l la pressures on the land pression demographique) surface financiere creditworthiness; credit standing surface habitable living area surinvestissement overinvestment sur la base des palements on a cash basis sur le chantier; sur place on site surpaturage overgrazing surplus du consommateur consumer surplus surprix price premium surrbaction overshooting surtaxe tax surcharge surtaxe a l'importation import surcharge sur terre onshore sur une base encaissements-d6caissements on a cash basis surveillance monitoring swap swap swap de monnales currency swap swapper to swap sylviculture tree farming - 409 - syndicat (de garantie) d'6mission, de underwriting syndicate prise ferme syndicat bancaire syndicate syndicat de direction managing group syndicat de garantie underwriters syndicat de placement selling consortium, group, syndicate syndicat d'irrigants water users' association syndication (d'un pret) syndication syndiquer to syndicate a loan syndrome d'immunodeficience acquise acquired Immune-deficiency syndrome syndrome hollandais Dutch disease syndrome immunodeficitaire acquis acquired Immune-deficiency syndrome synthese wrap-up; capsule presentation systeme scheme systeme d'alerte rapide, immediate eariy warning system systeme d'appareils a pivot central pivot sprinkle Irrigation systeme de communication des donnees reporting system systeme de compteurs metering systeme de culture cropping pattem systeme de formation et de visites training and visit system systeme de la classe unique multigrade teaching Systeme de modelisation algebrique general General Algebraic Modeling System systeme de notification de la dette external debt reporting system ext6rieure systeme de parites mobiles (glissantes, crawling peg rampantes) Syst6me de planification et d'evaluation Performance Planning and Review des prestations du personnel systeme de prestation de soins health delivery system systeme de prestations delivery system; supply system systeme de production agricole mixte mixed farming systeme de production d'electricite power system (systeme de remboursement) par annuites level annuity system systeme des deux enveloppes two-envelope system systeme d'etablissement de rapports reporting system systeme de taux de change (fixe mais) adjustable peg system [foreign exchange] ajustable systeme de taux preteurs base sur un Pool-Based Lending Rate System pool d'emprunts systeme d'exploitation farming system (systeme d') horaires amenages day release systeme d'information reporting system systeme d'information, informatique de management Information system gestion systeme d'irrigation A pivots central pivot sprinkle irrigation systeme "pivot" central pivot sprinkle irrigation - 410 - -T - tableau schedule tableau de bord performance chart; working table; management chart tableau de financement; tableau des flux statement of changes In financial position; source and application of funds statement; funds statement; source and use of funds statement; funds flow statement; changes In working capital statement tableau (des) entrees-sorties Input-output table tableau des operations financieres funds flow account tableau economique d'ensemble comprehensive economic table tableau mobile; tableau-papier flip chart talon voucher tangent marginal tantieme fee(s) tardKf late maturing tarif price list; schedule; tariffs tarif minimal Ifeline tariff tarif progressif Inverted tariff [utilities] tarif uniforme, forfaitaire flat rate tarification au coOt marginal marginal cost pricing tarification des usagers user charges, fees tarification des usagers de la route road user charges tarifs douaniers tariff schedule; tariffs tassement settlement; shakeout (of the market) taudis slum taux user charges, fees taux brut de mortalite crude death rate taux brut de natalite crude birth rate taux brut de scolarisation primaire gross (primary) enrollment ratio taux butoir floor rate of exchange taux crediteur depositor rate of interest; borrowing rate taux critique de rentabilite hurdle rate taux crois6 cross rate taux croises divergents broken cross rates taux d'abandon (scolaire) dropout rate taux d'acceptation acceptance rate (by beneficiaries of a project) taux d'acquisition des connaissances learning rate taux d'activite labor force penetration; labor force participation rate taux d'actualisation discount rate; discount rate taux d'actualisation critique crossover discount rate; equalizing discount rate - 411 - taux d'actualisation de la consommation consumption rate of Interest taux d'actualisation normatif rate of pure time preference taux d'actualisation virtuel shadow discount rate taux d'adoption acceptance rate (by beneficiaries of a project) taux d'assimilation des connaissances learning rate taux d'attrition attrition rate taux de base prime rate taux de base a long terme long-term prime rate taux debiteur rate of interest on loans; lending rate taux de change A terme forward exchange rate taux de change au comptant spot exchange rate taux de change d'6quilibre equilibrium exchange rate taux de change de reference, virtuel shadow exchange rate taux de change economique shadow pricing of exchange rate taux de change effectif effective exchange rate taux de change effectif nominal nominal effective exchange rate taux de change effectif reel real effective exchange rate taux de change minimum floor rate of exchange taux de charge (d'un paturage) stocking rate (of an area) taux de continuit6 d'utilisation continuation rate taux de couverture des importations import coverage ratio taux de croissance cumule compound rate of growth taux de fecondite fertility rate taux d'effort affordability ratio; housing expenses/income ratio taux d'egalisation des valeurs actuelles crossover discount rate; equalizing discount rate taux de longvift6 scolaire survival rate taux de marque mark-up taux d'6mission (d'une obligation) coupon rate (of a bond) taux de natalite birth rate taux d'encadrement pupil-teacher ratio; teacher-pupil ratio taux d'energie nette net energy ratio taux de passage, de promotion promotion rate; pass rate taux de p6n6tration des importations import penetration ratio taux de pr6f6rence pure pour le pr6sent rate of pure time preference taux de pr6f6rence sociale pour le pr6sent social time preference rate taux de protection effective effective rate of protection taux de protection nominale nominal rate of protection taux d'6quivalence en superficie de land equivalent, equivalency ratio cultures taux de recouvrement tax performance ratio taux de recouvrement de la plus-value rent recovery index taux de redoublement repeater rate taux de r6forme culling rate taux de remplissage fill ratio taux de rendement yield rate; rate of return taux de rendement de l'investissement return to capital - 412 - taux de rentabilite rate of return taux de rentabilite comptable accounting rate of return taux de rentabilkte de l'lnvestissement return to capital taux de rentablite d'lndiff6rence equalizing rate of return taux de rentabilite economique economic rate of retum; economic Intemal rate of return taux de rentabilite financiere financia rate of retum; intemal rate of financial retum taux de rentabilite interne intemal rate of return taux de rentabilite sociale social rate of return taux de r6tention retention rate; grade ratio taux de scolarisation enrollment ratio taux d'escompte discount rate taux des droits tariff rates taux de tr6sorerie cash rate of return taux de velage calving rate taux d'exploitation offtake rate taux difflrentiel de rentabilite incremental rate of return taux d'imposition tax rate taux d'indifference crossover discount rate; equalizing discount rate taux d'inscription enrollment ratio taux d'integration nationale domestic content ratio taux d'intensit6 du capital capital-labor ratio taux d'interet comptable accounting rate of interest taux (d'int6rdt) courant standard rate (of interest) taux d'interet de reference shadow rate of interest taux d'int6ret directeurs key interest rates taux d'inter@t effectif effective interest rate taux d'inter6t negatif negative rate of interest taux d'int6rdt reel ex ante ex ante real interest rate taux d'interet reel ex post ex post real interest rate taux du marche monetaire money market rate taux d'usure attrition rate taux flottant floating rate taux marginal de rentabilite incremental rate of return taux naturel d'accroissement rate of natural increase taux net de reproduction net reproduction rate taux officiel d'escompte bank rate taux pivot key money rate; central rate taux preteur lending rate taux preteur variable base sur un pool pool-based variable lending rate d'emprunts taux privilegie prime rate taux salarial virtuel social social shadow wage rate taux salarial, de salaire wage rate taux tendanciel trend rate taux uniforme, forfaitaire flat rate taux variable floating rate - 413 - taxe levy taxe a la valeur ajoutee value-added tax taxe de perequation d'int6rets Interest equalization tax taxe de statistique statistical tax taxe de valorisation fonciere land betterment tax taxe d'inflation inflation tax taxe per,ue en contrepartie d'avantages benefit tax taxe sur les ventes sales tax taxes aux frontieres border taxes taxi-brousse jitney technicien specialise subject matter specialist technicit6 expertise technique a plusieurs variables al6atoires muitivariate technique technique des transistors, des solid state technology semi-conducteurs technique d'evaluation et de controle program evaluation and review technique des programmes techniques d'elevage animal husbandry techniques pedagogiques (employ6es en classroom techniques classe) techniques quantitatives de gestion managerial accounting technologie appropriee appropriate technology technologie de pointe frontier technology teldetection remote sensing telephone de voiture, cellulaire cellular phone temps de recuperation, de payback period recouvrement, d'amortissement, de remboursement temps de reponse time lag temps de retour payback period temps d'immobilisation turnaround (time) temps mort down time temps partage time sharing tendance a favoriser, a defavoriser bias tendance a la baisse downward trend tendance a la hausse, haussibre upward trend tendance a la hausse des salaires wage pressure tendance seculaire, a long terme secular trend tendances conjoncturelles short term trends tendanciel underlying teneur de plume lead bank; lead manager teneur en matieres import6es import component tension caus6e par la s6cheresse drought stress tenue (des prix) performance t6racalorie teracalorie termaillage leads and lags termes de l'echange terms of trade termes de l'echange (de marchandises) barter terms of trade termes de l'echange bifactoriels double factorial terms of trade - 414 - termes de l'echange des revenus Income terms of trade termes de l'echange unifactoriels single factorial terms of trade termes de r6f6rence terms of reference termes reels, en in real terms terminaison termination terrain site; field terrain viabilis,, amenage serviced area, lot, site terres domaniales public lands terres, terroirs vierges wildlands test "avant-apres" "before-and-after" test, analysis test wavec et sans "with-and-without" test tests de connaissances, p6dagogiques achievement tests tete de puits welihead texte portant autorisation authority textes portant autorisation legal authority themes (de vulgarisation) messages thMorie des files d'attente queueing theory th6orie du controle d l'argent implique implied money control theory th6orie quantitative de la monnaie quantity theory of money timbre fiscal revenue stamp tinette bucket latrine tirage drawdown tirages en cours outstanding drawings tirant d'air clearance tirer draw (funds) litre security titre (d'un metal precieux) fineness (of a noble metal) titre de participation a un pool de pr8ts pass-through certificate; participation certHficate titre de rente annuity bond titre obligataire debt security titres paper; qualifications titres confirmes seasoned securities titres d'Etat government securities titres hors-cote over-the-counter securities titres negociables marketable securities titulaire du marche successful bidder titularisation tenure tonnage catch tonne a l'tat sec A l'air air dried ton tonne equivalent charbon ton of coal equivalent tonne equivalent petrole ton of oil equivalent tonnes de port en lourd deadweight tonnage torpeur stagnation (of the economy) total bottom line tournant watershed tourteau de bouse dung cake tourteau ol6agineux oilcake tout-&-l'egout waterborne sewage system; combined sewer - 415 - trace du profil en long vertical alignment trace en plan horizontal alignment traduction monetaire currency translation trafic de d6tail less than carload freight trafic de retour backhaul traffic trafic de transit, transitaire, direct through traffic trafic induit generated traffic train bloc block train; unit train train cargo; train complet unit train train de mesures policy package traitement processing traitement de rehydratation par voie orale oral rehydration therapy traitement effectivement perqu, net de take-home pay toutes d6ductions traitement par voie humide wet process traitement par voie sbche dry process traitement par vole semi-sbche semidry process traitement preferentiel preferential treatment trames d'accueil sites and services tranche slice tranche (de travaux) bid package tranche d'imposition, du barbme fiscal tax bracket tranche d'un pret strip of maturities tranche de revenu income bracket tranches de revenu superieur higher income brackets transaction boursibre stock exchange transaction transaction hors-march6 off-market transaction transactions proceedings transactions courantes current balance of payments transactions d'inities insider dealing, trading transactions interbancaires wholesale banking transactions invisibles invisible transactions transfert shift; assignment transfert avec contrepartie requited transfer transfert d'actions divestiture transfert de capitaux, en capital capital transfer transfert de fonds remission transfert de fonds electronique electronic funds transfer transfert de salaires workers' remittance transfert de technologie transfer of technology; technology transfer transfert inverse de technologie reverse transfer of technology transfert unilateral, sans contrepartie unrequited transfer transferts sociaux welfare; welfare payments; transfer payments transformation processing transformation a 1'envers negative term transformation transformation d'ech6ances maturity transformation transformation de la viande meat processing transition (d6mographique) transitlon; demographic transition - 416 - transparence transparency transparence fiscale fiscal transparency transport de produits conditionnes nonbulk traffic transport(s) maritime(s) shipping transporter to handle transports multimodaux multimodal transport transports ro-ro; transroulage roll-on/roll-off travail a fagon jobbing travail de pr6paration du pret/creidt loan processing travail sur les lieux, sur le terrain, field work sur place travailleur ambulant unlocated worker travailleur ind6pendant self-employed person travailleur qualifie skilled worker travaux de genie civil civil works travaux de petite hydraulique small-scale water works travaux de VRD (voirie et reseaux divers) site development tremie a charbon bunker treve fiscale tax holiday triage triage tribunal arbitral Arbitral Tribunal tribunal competent ou toute autre competent court or other authority (to autorite comp6tente (pour l'ex6cution enforce awards) des sentences arbitrales) trimestre de l'annee civile calendar quarter troisieme guichet Third Window tronc commun core curriculum trou shortfall troupeau livestock; stock trousse kit trust dont le beneficiaire ne connalt blind trust pas la composition; trust aveugle trypanosomiase trypanosomiasis tubercule tuber crop tubercules root crops type standard types de speculations product mix typique; uniforme standard - 417 - U - unite unit unite bWtail cattle unit unite bovin tropical tropical cattle unit unite capitalisable credit unite comptable accounting unit unite de compte numeraire; unit of account unit6 de compte europeenne European Unit of Account unite de compte fond6e sur un panier de basket unit of account monnaies unit6 de production unit of output unite de production agricole farming unit unite de valeur credit unite fertilisante unit of fertilizer unit6 fourragere feed unit; forage unit unit6 gros b6tail animal unit unite mobile de formation mobile training unit unmt6 mon6taire currency unit unit6 mon6taire composite composite currency unit unite monetaire europeenne European Currency Unit universitaire academic usager consumer usages comptables accounting practices usinage processing usine plant usine entibrement nouvelle grass root, greenfield plant usure (normale) wear and tear (fair) utilisation collective des forets social forestry utilisation des sols, des terres land use utilisation facile, d' user friendly utilisation finale end use (of a commodity) utilisation rationnelle de l'6nergie energy conservation utilisation s6quentielle d'6nergie energy cascading utilitN marginale marginal utility - 418 - vache de reforme culled cow valeur security valeur a casser forced sale value; liquidation value valeur a la casse scrap value; forced sale value; liquidation value valeur a la sortie de la mine minehead price valeur actualisee present value, worth valeur actualisee de l'argent time value of money valeur actualisee d'une annuite donnee present worth of an annuity factor valeur actualisee d'une succession present worth of a stream of future income d'annuites valeur actuelle present value, worth; exit value; current exit value; net realizable value valeur actuelle nette net discounted value; net present worth, value valeur actuelle nette exprimee en prix net present value in efficiency prices economiques valeur actuelle nette sociale social net present value valeur ajoutee dans le pays, a l'interieur domestic value added valeur approximative, approchee proxy valeur calcul6e constructed value valeur comptable book value valeur critique switching value valeur d'acquisition purchasers' values valeur de liquidation forced sale value; liquidation value valeur depart-usine producers' values valeur de pere de famille blue chip; blue chip security valeur de premier ordre blue chip; blue chip security valeur de rarete scarcity value valeur de refuge hedge valeur de remplacement current (entry) value; replacement value; current cost valeur d'usage value in use valeur d'utilite Imputed value valeur estimative du portefeuille evaluated portfolio valeur liquidative selling value valeur nefte netback value; back value; equity valeur nominale par value; face value valeur or gold value valeur reelle, en in real terms valeur residuelle, de liquidation, de salvage value r6cuperation valeur seuil switching value valeur unitaire unit value - 419 - valeur venale market value; exit value; current exit value; net realizable value valeurs confirmes seasoned securities valeurs de deuxieme rang secondary securities valeurs de portefeuille portfolio securities valeurs de premier ordre gilt-edged securities valeurs d'exploitation Inventory; Inventories valeurs disponibles liquid assets; quick assets valeurs en circulation outstanding securities valeurs garanties par l'Etat gilt-edged securities valeurs mercuriales standard values; administrative prices valeurs realisables current assets valorisation appreciation (in value) valorisation des ressources humaines manpower development; staff development; human resource development valoriser upgrade vapocraquage steam cracking variable de remplacement, proxy representative, approximative variable explicative predictor; predicated, independent, explanatory variable; fixed variate; regressor variable fictive, auxiliaire dummy variable variante alternative bid; altemative variations saisonnieres seasonal movements variet6 a haut rendement high yielding variety variete d'origine confirmee, pure pure variety; true to type variety; true to type variety; pure variety varijt6 resistante aux parasites pest resistant variety vOhicule a quatre roues motrices four-wheel drive vehicle v6hicule tout terrain four-wheel drive vehicle vehicule utilitaire commercial vehicle vente a perte predatory price vente a prime premium sale vente a temperament extended payment plan vente A tout prix, en catastrophe, de distress sale, selling panique vente de couverture hedge selling vente de participations avec accord prearranged sales of participations prealable vente de titres en portefeuille sale from portfolio vente inconditionnelle no recourse sale vente publique de biens saisis distress sale, selling vente pure et simple outright sale vente sans garantie d'emission "best efforts" sale ventilation breakdown verifiable monitorable verificateur quantity surveyor verificateur des comptes auditor - 420 - verificateur externe des comptes external auditor verificateur interieur des comptes internal auditor verification des capacites financieres postqualification of bidders et techniques de l'entrepreneur verification des comptes audit verification externe des comptes external audit vbrHfication intbrieure des comptes internal audit vrification par sondage test check verite des prix cost pricing versement disbursement versement du capital drawdown of equity viabilisation site development viabilisation des parcelles plot servicing viande destinee A la transformation manufacturing grade, quality meat victimes de la pauvret6 absolue absolute poor vidange night soil vil prix distress price vitesse de construction, de conception, design speed de base, nominale voie d'acheminement, d'ecoulement evacuation road voie d'eau waterway voie de desserte service road voie de recours legal remedy voie d'evitement; voie ferree de garage rail siding(s) vole navigable waterway voies et moyens ways and means voirie sanitation voix voting rights voix d'adhesion membership votes voix de souscription subscription votes volant overhang volant de tr6sorerie floating cash reserve volatilite volatility volet component (of a project) volume des investissements exposure volume sur pied stock vote formel formal vote vote par correspondance vote without meeting voyage d'etude field trip vulgarisateur extension agent, worker vulgarisation extension vulgarisation, activit6s de outreach activities vulgarisation agricole agricultural extension - 421 - warrant warrant - 422 - - X - x-efficacite x-efficiency xenomonnaies xenocurrencies - 423 - zone area zone a urbaniser urban development area zone contamin6e infected area zone d'am6nagement development area zone d'approvislonnement catchment area; catch basin zone d'attraction service area zone d'attraction catchment area; catch basin zone de captage service area; catchment area; catch basin zone de libre-6change free trade area zone de peuplement settlement zone de recrutement catchment area; catch basin zone de recrutement de la main-d'oeuvre labor shed zone de reference target zone; reference zone zone de souverainete economique exclusive economic zone zone desservie service area zone d'habitat spontane squatter area, settlement zone d'influence service area; catchment area; catch basin zone du projet project area zone forestibre non classee unreserved forest area zone franche free trade zone zone franche de transformation pour export processing zone 1'exportation zone franche industrielle export processing zone zone industrielle industrial estate, park zones p6riph6riques, marginales fringe areas zootechnie animal husbandry Organizations Organisations - 427 - Orcanizations/Oroanisatlons ( = World Bank and Associated Bodies/** = CGIAR and associated bodies) Abu Dhabl Fund for Arab Economic Development - ADFAED Fonds d'Abu Dhabi pour le d6veloppement economique arabe - FADDEA African, Caribbean and Pacific States - ACP Etats de l'Afrique, des Caralbes et du Pacifique - ACP African Development Bank - ADB, AfDB Banque africaine de developpement - BAD African Development Fund - ADF, AfDF Fonds africain de developpement - FAD African and Mauritian Union of Development Banks - UAMBD Union africaine et mauricienne de banques pour le developpement - UAMBD *African Management Services Company - AMSC Societe de services de gestion pour l'Afrique - AMSC (United States) Agency for International Development - AID, USAID Agence pour le developpement international - AID, USAID Andean Development Corporation - ADC Societe andine de developpement - SAD Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa - ABEDA Banque arabe pour le developpement economique en Afrique - BADEA Arab Centre for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands - ACSAD Centre arabe pour l'etude des zones arides et non irriguees Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development - AFESD Fonds arabe de developpement 6conomique et social - FADES Asian Development Bank - ADB, AsDB Banque asiatique de developpement - BAsD Association of African Development Finance Institutions - AADFI Association des institutions africaines de financement du developpement - AIAFD Association of Management Training Institutes of Eastern and Southern Africa - AMTIESA Association des instituts d'etudes de gestion d'Afrique orientale et australe - 428 - Australian Development Assistance Bureau - ADAB Bureau australlen d'aide au d6veloppement - ADAB Bank for International Settlement - BIS Banque des reglements internationaux - BRI Belgian Administration for Development Cooperation - AGCD Administration gen6rale de la cooperation au developpement (Belgique) - AGCD Caisse Centrale de Cooperatlon Economique - CCCE Caisse centrale de cooperation economique - CCCE Canadian International Development Agency - CIDA Agence canadienne de developpement international - ACDI Caribbean Community - CARICOM Communaut6 des CaraTbes - CARICOM Caribbean Development Bank - CDB, CARIBANK Banque de d6veloppement des CaraTbes - BDC *Caribbean Group for Cooperation in Economic Development - CGCED Groupe des CaraTbes pour la coop6ration dans le d6veloppemnt economique Center for Latin American Monetary Studies - CEMLA Centre d'etudes monetaires latino-americaines - CEMLA Central African Customs and Economic Union - UDEAC Union douaniere et 6conomique de l'Afrique centrale - UDEAC Central American Bank for Economic Integration - CABEI Banque centreamericaine d'integration economique - BCIE Central American Common Market - CACM Marche commun d'Amerique centrale - MCAC Central Bank of West African States - BCEAO Banque centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest - BCEAO Common African and Mauritian Organization - OCAM Organisation commune africaine et mauricienne - OCAM Commonwealth Development Corporation - CDC Commonwealth Development Corporation - CDC **Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research - CGIAR Groupe consultatif pour la recherche agricole internationale - CGIAR - 429 - Council of Europe Conseil de l'Europe Council for Mutual Economic Assistance - CMEA, COMECON Conseil d'assistance economique mutuelle - CAEM, COMECON Danish International Development Agency - DANIDA Agence danoise de developpement international - DANIDA Development Assistance Committee (OECD) - DAC Comite d'aide au developpement - CAD Bank of Central African States - BEAC Banque des Etats de I'Afrique centrale - BEAC Eastern and Southern African Management Institute - ESAMI Eastern and Southern African Management Institute - ESAMI Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific - ESCAP Commission economique et sociale pour l'Asie et le Pacffique - CESAP Economic Commission for Africa - ECA Commission economique pour I'Afrique - CEA Economic Commission for Europe - ECE Commission economique pour l'Europe - CEE Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean - ECLAC Commission economique pour l'Amerique latine et les Caralbes - CEPALC *Economic Development Institute - EDI Institut de developpement economique - IDE European Communities - EC Communautes europeennes - CE European Development Fund - EDF Fonds europeen de developpement - FED European Economic Community - EEC Communaute economique europeenne - CEE European Investment Bank - EIB Banque europeenne d'investissement - BEI Export Development Corporation (Canada) - EDC Societe pour l'expansion des exportations - SEE - 430 - Finnish Department of Intemational Development Cooperation - FINNIDA Departement finlandals pour la cooperation intemationale au d6veloppement - FINNIDA Fonds d'Aide et de Cooperation - FAC Fonds d'aide et de coopbration - FAC Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations - FAO Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture - FAO General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade - GATT Accord g6neral sur les tarifs douanlers et le commerce - GATT German Agency for Technical Cooperation - GTZ Office allemand de la cooperation technique - GTZ Inter-American Development Bank - IDB Banque interamericaine de developpement - BID Intemational Atomic Energy Agency - IAEA Agence internationale de I'energie atomique - AIEA *International Bank for Reconstruction and Development - IBRD Banque intemationale pour la reconstruction et le developpement - BIRD **International Board for Plant Genetic Resources - IBPGR Conseil international des ressources phytogenetiques - CIRPG **lnternational Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas - ICARDA Centre international de recherche agricole dans les zones aeides - ICARDA **lnternational Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement - CIMYYT Centre international pour I'amelioration du mals et du ble- CIMMYT *International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes - ICSID Centre international pour le reglement des diff6rends relatifs aux investissements - CIRDI **lnternational Center for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT Centre intemational d'agriculture tropicale - CIAT International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology - ICIPE Centre international sur la physiologie et l'ecologie des insectes - ICIPE International Civil Aviation Organization - ICAO Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale - OACI **lnternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics - ICRISAT Institut international de recherche sur les cultures des zones tropicales semi-arides - ICRISAT - 431 - *International Development Association - IDA Association internationale de developpement - IDA International Development Research Centre - IDRC Centre de recherches pour le developpement international - CRDI International Energy Agency - IEA Agence intemationale de l'energie - AIE *International Finance Corporation - IFC Societ6 financiere internationale - SFI **lnternational Food Policy Research Institute - IFPRI Institut international de recherche sur les politiques alimentaires - IFPRI International Fund for Agricultural Development - IFAD Fonds international de d6veloppement agricole - FIDA **lnternational Institute of Tropical Agriculture - IITA Institut international d'agriculture tropicale - IITA **lnternational Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases - ILRAD Laboratoire international de recherche sur les maladies des animaux - LIRMA International Labour Office - ILO Bureau international du travail - BIT International Labour Organization - ILO Organisation internationale du travail - OIT **lnternational Livestock Centre for Africa - ILCA Centre international pour I'elevage en Afrique - CIPEA International Maritime Organisation - IMO Organisation maritime internationale - OMI International Monetary Fund - IMF Fonds monetaire international - FMI International Planned Parenthood Federation - IPPF Federation internationale pour le planning familial **International Potato Center - CIP Centre international de la pomme de terre - CIP **lnternational Rice Research Institute - IRRI Institut international de recherches sur le riz - IRRI - 432 - **lnternational Service for National Agricultural Research - ISNAR Service international de la recherche agricole nationale - SIRAN International Telecommunications Union - ITU Union internationale des t6lecommunications - UIT Islamic Development Bank - IsDB Banque islamique de developpement - BIsD KredHtanstalt fur Wiederaufbau - KfW Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau - KfW Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development - KFAED Fonds koweitien pour le developpement economique arabe - KFAED Latin American Energy Organization - OLADE Organisation latino-am6ricane de l'6nergie - OLADE Latin American Integration Association - ALADI Association latino-am6ricaine d'integration - ALADI *Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency - MIGA Agence multilaterale de garantie des investissements - AMGI Netherlands Ministry for Development Cooperation - NMDC Ministbre de la cooperation pour le developpement (Pays-Bas) - MCD Norwegian Agency for International Development - NORAD Agence norvegienne de developpement international - NORAD Office for Emergency Operations in Africa - OEOA Bureau des operations d'urgence en Afrique OPEC Fund for International Development Fonds OPEP pour le developpement international Organization of African Unity - OAU Organisation de l'unite africaine - OUA Organization of American States - OAS Organisation des Etats americains - OEA Organization of Eastern Caribbean States - OECS Organisation des Etats des Antilles orientales - OEAO Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - OECD Organisation de cooperation et de developpement economiques - OCDE - 433 - Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries - OPEC Organisation des pays exportateurs de petrole - OPEP Overseas Development Administration (United Kingdom) - ODA Overseas Development Administration (Royaume-Uni) - ODA Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund (Japan) - OECF Fonds de cooperation economique d'outre-mer - OECF Pan American Health Organization - PAHO Organisation panamericaine de la sant6 - OPS Permanent Inter-State Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel - CILSS Comit6 permanent inter-Etats de lutte contre la s6cheresse dans le Sahel - CILSS Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency - SAMA Agence mon6taire de l'Arable saoudfte - SAMA Saudi Fund for Development - SFD Fonds saoudien pour le developpement - SFD Society for International Development - SID Soclete intemationale pour le developpement - SID Southern African Development Co-ordination Conference - SADCC Conf6rence pour la coordination du developpement de l'Afrique australe - SADCC Swedish International Development Authority - SIDA Agence su6doise de developpement international - SIDA Swiss Development Corporation - SDC Societe suisse de d6veloppement - SSD United Nations Capital Development Fund - UNCDF Fonds d'6quipement des Nations Unies - FENU United Nations Centre for Human Settlements - HABITAT Centre des Nations Unies pour les 6tablissements humains - HABITAT United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations - UNCTC Centre des Nations Unies sur les societes transnationales - UNCTC United Nations Children's Fund - UNICEF Fonds des Nations Unies pour l'enfance - FISE United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Development - UNCSTD Conference des Nations Unies sur la science et la technique au service du d6veloppement - UNCSTD - 434 - United Nations Conference on Trade and Development - UNCTAD Conference des Nations Unies sur le commerce et le developpement - CNUCED United Nations Development Program - UNDP Programme des Nations Unies pour le developpement - PNUD United Nations Educational, ScientHfic and Cultural Organization - UNESCO Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'education, la science et la culture - Unesco United Nations Emergency Operations - UNEO Operation d'urgence des Nations Unies United Nations Environment Programme - UNEP Programme des Nations Unies pour 1'environnement - PNUE United Nations Financing System for Science and Technology for Development - UNFSTD Systbme de financement des Nations Unies pour la science et la technique au service du developpement United Nations Fund for Population Activities - UNFPA Fonds des Nations Unies pour les activites en matiere de population - FNUAP United Nations Industrial Development Organization - UNIDO Organisation des Nations Unies pour le d6veloppement industriel - ONUDI United Nations Institute for Training and Research - UNITAR Institut des Nations Unies pour la formation et la recherche - UNITAR United Nations Interim Fund on Science and Technology for Development - UNIFSTD Fonds interimaire des Nations Unies pour la science et la technique au service du developpement - FINUSTD United Nations Office for Emergency Operations in Africa see Office for Emergency Operations in Africa United Nations Sudano-Sahelian Office - UNSO Bureau des Nations Unies pour la region soudano-sahelienne - UNSO West African Development Bank - BOAD Banque ouest-africaine de developpement - BOAD West African Monetary Union - UMOA, WAMU Union monetaire ouest-africaine - WAMU **West Africa Rice Development Association - WARDA Association pour le d6veloppement de la riziculture en Afrique de l'Ouest - ADRAO *World Bank Banque mondiale World Energy Conference - WEC C.-.erence mondiale de l'energie - CME - 435 - World Food Council - WFC Conseil mondial de I'alimentation - WFC World Food Programme - WFP Programme alimentaire mondial - PAM World Health Organization - WHO Organisation mondiale de la sante - OMS ,1 I Acronyms (English) Sigles (anglais) - 439 - Acronyms (EnaIIsh)/IS/les (anglals) AADFI Association of African Development Finance Institutions AADT annual average daily traffic ABEDA Arab Bank for Economic Development In Africa ACP African, Caribbean and Pacific States ACP African, Caribbean and Pacific ACSAD Arab Centre for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands ADAB Australian Development Assistance Bureau ADB African Development Bank ADB Asian Development Bank ADC Andean Development Corporation ADF African Development Fund ADFAED Abu Dhabi Fund for Arab Economic Development ADT average daily traffic AEO agricultural extension officer AfDB African Development Bank AfDF African Development Fund AFESD Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development AGCD Belgian Administration for Development Cooperation AIC average incremental cost AID (United States) Agency for International Development AIDS acquired immune-deficiecy syndrome ALADI Latin American Integration Association AMSC African Management Services Company AMTIESA Association of Management Training Institutes of Eastem and Southem Africa APD agricultural price deflator APDF African Project Development Facility APPER Africa's Priority Programme for Economic Recovery ARD agriculture and rural development ARI accounting rate of Interest ASAL agricultural sector adjustment loan AsDB Asian Development Bank AT appropriate technology AU animal unit BCEAO Central Bank of West African States bdoe barrels per day of oil equivalent BEAC Bank of Central African States BIS Bank for International Settlement BOAD West African Development Bank BOD biochemical oxygen demand BOD5 biochemical oxygen demand over five days boe barrels of oil equivalent BTO back-to-office report BTU British Thermal Unit CABEI Central American Bank for Economic Integration CACM Central American Common Market - 440 - CAD cash against documents CAD computer aided deslgn CAI computer aided Instruction CAM computer aided manufacture CAM country assistance management CARIBANK Caribbean Development Bank CARICOM Caribbean Community CB current blend CBF Central Bank Facility CBR crude birth rate CCCE Calsse Centrale de Cooporation Economique CCF consumption conversion factor CCL critical consumption level CDB Caribbean Development Bank CDC Commonwealth Development Corporation CEM country economic memorandum CEMLA Center for Latin American Monetary Studies CES constant elasticity of substitution CESW country economic and sector work CGCED Caribbean Group for Cooperation in Economic Development CGE computable general equilibrium model CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research CHW community health worker CIAT International Center for Tropical Agriculture CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CIF cost, Insurance and freight CILSS Permanent Inter-State Committee for Drought Control In the Sahel CIMMYT International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement CIP International Potato Center CIR country Implementation review CKD completely knocked down CMEA Council for Mutual Economic Assistance CMS World Bank Capital Markets System c.o.b. close of business CODAM Committee on Directors' Administrative Matters COLTS Continuously Offered Longer-Term Securitles COMECON Council for Mutual Economic Assistance c/p charter party CPE centrally planned economy CPI consumer price index CPM critical path method CPP country program paper CRF capital recovery factor CRI consumption rate of Interest DAC Development Assistance Committee (OECD) DACON Data on Consulting Firms DANIDA Danish International Development Agency DCF discounted cash flow DEL direct exchange line - 441 - DFC development finance company DFI development finance institution DOD debt outstanding and disbursed DRC domestic resource cost DRCC domestic resource cost coefficient DUP directly unproductive profn seeking activities DWr deadweight tonnage EAL export adjustment loan EC European Communities ECA Economic Commission for Africa ECE Economic Commission for Europe ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ECU European Currency Unit EDC Export Development Corporation (Canada) EDF European Development Fund EDF export development fund EDI Economic Development Institute EDT total external debt EEC European Economic Community EEZ exclusive economic zone EFT electronic funds transfer EGS exports of goods and services EIB European Investment Bank EIRR economic internal rate of return EMGF Emerging Markets Growth Fund ENVP net present value in efficiency prices EPC effective protection coefficient EPP equivalent purchasing power EPS Executive Project Summary EPZ export processing zone ERL economic recovery loan ERL emergency reconstruction loan ERP Export Rehabilitation Project ERR economic rate of return ESAMI Eastern and Southern African Management Institute ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacffic ESMAP Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme ESW economic and sector work EUA European Unit of Account FAC Fonds d'Aide et de Cooperation FAO Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations FAS free alongside ship FCL full container load FFB fresh fruit bunch FIAS Foreign Investment Advisory Service FIFO first in, first out FIL financial intermediary loan FINNIDA Finnish Department of International Development Cooperation fio free in and out - 442 - FIRR financial Internal rate of return FOB, fob free on boardfoqfree on quay fow free on wharf FSR farming systems research FTZ free trade zone GAMS General Algebraic Modeling System GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GCI General Capital Increase GDI gross domestic Investment GDP gross domestic product GDY gross domestic Income GFCF gross fixed capital formation GMP gross material product GNI gross national Investment GNP gross national product GNY gross national income GRIP Guaranteed Recovery of Investment Principal GRT gross (register) tonnage GSP Generalized System of Preferences GTZ German Agency for Technical Cooperation GW gigawatt HABITAT United Nations Centre for Human Settlements HDM Highways Design and Maintenance Model HES household expenditure survey HFCS high fructose corn syrup HW high yielding variety IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IARC international agricultural research centers IBF International banking facility IBPGR International Board for Plant Genetic Resources IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ICARDA International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas ICAs international commodity agreements ICB international competitive bidding ICIPE International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology ICOR incremental capital-output ratio ICOs international commodity organizations ICP Intemational Comparison Project ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics ICSID International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes IDA International Development Association IDB Inter-American Development Bank IDC interest during construction IDF industrial development and finance IDRC International Development Research Centre IDS International Development Strategy IEA International Energy Agency I EC Information-education-communication (loan) - 443 - IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFC International Finance Corporation IFIs intemational financial institutlons IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute IITA International Institute of Tropical Agriculture ILCA International Livestock Centre for Africa ILO International Labour Office ILO International Labour Organization ILRAD International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases IM initiating memorandum IMF International Monetary Fund IMO International Maritime Organisation iPF Indicative Planning Figures IPPF International Planned Parenthood Federation IRR Internal rate of return IRRI Intemational Rice Research Institute IsDB Islamic Development Bank ISIC Intemational Standard Industrlal Classification of All Economic Activitles ISNAR International Service for National Agricultural Research ITPA industrial and trade policy adjustment ITPAL industrial and trade policy adjustment loan ITU International Telecommunications Union KFAED Kuwakt Fund for Arab Economic Development KfW Kreditanstalt fGr Wiederaufbau LBO leveraged buyout LCB local competitive bidding LCL less than carload freight LCL less than container load LDC less developed country LER land equivalent, equivalency ratio LIB llmited International bidding LIBOR London Interbank offered rate LIFO last In, first out LLDCs least developed countries LMBO leveraged management buyout LMIC lower middle Income country LNG liquefied natural gas LPG liquefied petroleum gas LRAIC long-run average incremental cost LRMC long-run marginal cost LTB long-term blended cost rate LTPR long-term prime rate M & E monitoring and evaluation MAI mean annual Increment mbdoe millions of barrels per day oil equivalent MBO management by objectives MCC marginal capacity cost MCH maternal and child health MCH mother and child health - 444 - MFA Multifibre Arrangement MFN most-favored-nation MGS imports of goods and services MIBOR Madrid Interbank offered rate MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency MIIA Multilateral Investment Insurance Agency MIS management information system MOF muftioption facility MON motor octane number MOV maintenance of value MSAs most seriously affected countries MSY maximum sustainable yield MTN multilateral trade negotiations MTR Midterm Review MUV (World Bank) Manufacturing Unit Value MYRA multiyear rescheduling arrangement n.a. not applicable n.a. not available NER net energy ratio n.e.s. not elsewhere specified n.f.s. non-factor services NGL natural gas liquids NGO non-governmental organization NIC newly industrialized country NIC newly industrializing country NIEO New International Economic Order n.i.e. not included elsewhere NIF note issuance facility NMDC Netherlands Ministry for Development Cooperation NMP net material product NORAD Norwegian Agency for International Development NPC nominal protection coefficient NPV net present value NPW net present worth NRR net reproduction rate NRT net register tonnage O & M Operations & Maintenance O & M organization & methods OAS Organization of American States OAU Organization of African Unity OCAM Common African and Mauritian Organization OCT overseas countries and territories ODA Overseas Development Administration (United Kingdom) ODA official development assistance OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OECF Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund (Japan) OECS Organization of Eastern Caribbean States OEOA Office for Emergency Operations in Africa OFR on-farm research - 445 - OLADE Latin American Energy Organization OLS ordinary least squares OMA orderly marketing arrangements OMS Operational Manual Statement OOF other official flows OPAS Operational Assistance OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ORT oral rehydration therapy o/w of which PAG Preparatory Assistance to the Govemment (Mission) PAHO Pan American Health Organization PAYE pay-as-you-earn PCR project completion report PEARL public enterprise administration and reform loan PEM protein-energy malnutrition PER price-earning ratio; P/E ratio PERL public enterprise rationalization loan PERL public enterprise reform loan PERL public enterprise rehabilitation loan PERT program evaluation and review technique PFP Policy Framework Paper PIB Project Information Brief PIR project implementation review PKD partly knocked down PMU project management unit PPAM project performance audit memorandum PPAR project performance audit report PPBS planning, programming, budgeting system PPF Project Preparation Facility PPR Performance Planning and Review PPR project performance report PQLI Physical Quality of Life Index PTO power take-off PTR pupil-teacher ratio; PVO private voluntary organization R & D research and development RFP request for proposal RIC reconstruction import credit RMSM revised minimum standard model ROA return on assets ROC return on capital ROE return on equity ROI return on investment ro/ro roll-on/roll-off RTA reimbursable technical assistance RUF revolving underwriting facility SAD sector adjustment loan SADCC Southern African Development Co-ordination Conference SAL structural adjustment lending - 446 - SAM social accounting matrix SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency SAP (World Bank) Program of Speclal Assistance (to Member Countries) SAR staff appraisal report SBC social benefit-cost ratio SCF standard conversion factor SCI selective capital Increase SCI special capital increase SDC Swiss Development Corporation SECAL sector adjustment loan SES soclo-economic status SFA Special Facility for Africa SFD Saudi Fund for Development SFSA Special Facility for Subsaharan Africa SIBOR Singapore interbank offer rate SID Society for International Development SIDA Swedish International Development Authority SIL specKifc Investment loan SIM sector Investment and maintenance loan SIR sector implementation review SITC Standard International Trade Classification SKD semi-knocked down SLL sustainable level of lending SME small and medium enterprises SMI small and medium Industries SMS subject matter specialist SMSE small- and medium-scale enterprises SMSI small- and medium-scale Industries $NPV social net present value SOE statement of expenditure SOE state-owned enterprise SPAAR Special Program for African Agricultural Research SPPF Speclal Project Preparation Facility SRR social rate of return SSE small-scale enterprise SSI small-scale Industry SSWR social shadow wage rate Stabex System for the stabilization of ACP and OCT mining products STD subscriber trunk dialing SWP Staff Working Paper Sysmin Special financing facility for ACP and OCT mining products T & V Training & Visit TAC Technical Advisory Committee TAL technical assistance loan TCDC technical cooperation among developing countries tce ton of coal equivalent TDR Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases TEI technical efficiency index TEU twenty equivalent units - 447 - toe ton of oil equivalent TOU time-of-use TPC tax-paid cost TPM Trigger Price Mechanism TSP triple superphosphate UA unit of account UAMBD African and Mauritian Union of Development Banks UDEAC Central African Customs and Economic Union UFS useful farm space ULV ultra low volume UMIC upper middle income country UMOA West African Monetary Union UNCDF United Nations Capital Development Fund UNCSTD United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Development UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTC United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations UNDP United Nations Development Program UNEO United Nations Emergency Operations UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNFPA United Nations Fund for Population Activities UNFSTD United Nations Financing System for Science and Technology for Development UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNIFSTD United Nations Interim Fund on Science and Technology for Development UNITAR United Nations Institute for Training and Research UN-PAAERD United Nations Programme of Action for African Economic Recovery and Development, 1986-1990 UNSO United Nations Sudano-Sahelian Office URR ultimate recoverable reserves USAID (United States) Agency for International Development VAT value-added tax VER voluntary export restraints VEW village extension worker VIP ventilated improved pit VLOM village level operation and maintenance VLW village level worker VOC vehicle operating costs WAM West African Monetary Union WARDA West Africa Rice Development Association WDIs World Development Indicators WEC World Energy Conference WFC World Food Council WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization wrP willingness to pay YTM yield to maturity ZBB zero base budgeting ZEO zone extension officer ZPG zero population growth Acronyms (French) Sigles (franvais) : #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I - 451 - Sicles (frangais)/Acronyms (French) MSP autres apports du secteur public ACDI Agence canadienne de developpement international ACP Etats de l'Afrique, des Caraibes et du Pacifique ACP Afrique, Caraibes, Pacifique ADAB Bureau australien d'aide au developpement ADEF agence d'evaluation financiere ADRAO Association pour le d6veloppement de la riziculture en Afrique de l'Ouest AGCD Administration generale de la cooperation au developpement (Belgique) AIAFD Association des institutions africaines de financement du d6veloppement AID Agence pour le d6veloppement international AIE Agence internationale de l'6nergie AIEA Agence internationale de l'6nergie atomique ALADI Association latino-americaine d'integration AMF Arrangement multifibres AMGI Agence multilaterale de garantie des investissements AMSC Societ6 de services de gestion pour l'Afrique APD aide publique au d6veloppement APD avant-projet detaiII6 APDF Service de promotion et de developpement des investissements en Afrique APS avant-projet; avant-projet sommaire ASOP assistance operationnelle AW agent de vulgarisation de village BAD Banque africaine de developpement BADEA Banque arabe pour le d6veloppement economique en Afrique BAsD Banque asiatique de developpement BBZ budget base z6ro BCEAO Banque centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest BCIE Banque centream6ricaine d'int6gration 6conomique BDC Banque de d6veloppement des Carahbes BEAC Banque des Etats de l'Afrique centrale BEI Banque europeenne d'investissement bep barils equivalent petrole BID Banque interamericaine de developpement BIRD Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le developpement BIsD Banque islamique de developpement BIT Bureau international du travail blep barils par lour equivalent petrole BOAD Banque ouest-africaine de developpement BRI Banque des reglements intemationaux BTP batiment et travaux publics BTU British thermal unit CA conseiller agricole CAD Comite d'aide au d6veloppement CAEM Conseil d'assistance 6conomique mutuelle c.a.f. coGt, assurance, fret - 452 - CCT Comite consultatff technique CDC Commonwealth Development Corporation CE Communautes europeennes CEA Commission economique pour l'Afrique CEE Commission economique pour l'Europe CEE Communaute6 conomique europeenne CEG college d'enseignement gen6ral CEMLA Centre d'etudes monetaires latino-americaines CEPALC Commission economique pour I'Am6rique latine et les Caraibes CESAP Commission economique et sociale pour l'Asie et le Pacifique CGIAR Groupe consultatif pour la recherche agricole internationale CIAT Centre international d'agriculture tropicale CILSS Comite permanent inter-Etats de lutte contre la s6cheresse dans le Sahel CIMMYT Centre international pour l'amelioration du maTs et du b1l cip chiffres indicatifs de planification CIP Centre international de la pomme de terre CIPEA Centre international pour l'elevage en Afrique CIRA centres internationaux de recherche agricole CIRDI Centre international pour le reglement des difflrends relatifs aux investissements CIRPG Conseil international des ressources phytogenetiques CITI Classification internationale type, par industrie, de toutes les branches d'activit6 economique CKD en pieces detach6es CME Conference mondiale de l'energie CNUCED Conference des Nations Unies sur le commerce et le developpement COLTS papier a terme offert en permanence COMECON Conseil d'assistance economique mutuelle COS coefficient d'occupation des sols CRDI Centre de recherches pour le d6veloppement international CSE coefficient de subvention effective CTCI ClassWication type pour le commerce international CTPD cooperation technique entre pays en developpement DACON r6pertoire informatique sur les consultants DANIDA Agence danoise de d6veloppement international DBO demande biochimique en oxygene DBO5 demande biochimique en oxygene sur 5 jours DPO direction par objectifs EAO enseignement assistb par ordinateur ECU unite mon6taire europeenne EENV exploitation et entretien au niveau du village EGP 6lectronique grand public ESAMI Eastern and Southem African Management Institute ESMAP Programme conjoint PNUD/Banque mondiale d'assistance l la gestion du secteur 6nergetique EVP equivalent vingt pieds FAA Fonds d'aide a l'Afrique FAC Fonds d'aide et de cooperation FAD Fonds africain de developpement FADDEA Fonds d'Abu Dhabi pour le developpement economique arabe FADES Fonds arabe de developpement economlque et social FAO Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et I'agriculture - 453 - FAO fabrication assist6e par ordinateur FBCF formation brute de capital fixe FDE fonds de d6veloppement des exportations FED Fonds europeen de d6veloppement FENU Fonds d'6quipement des Nations Unies FIAS Service consultatHf pour les investissements etrangers FIDA Fonds international de developpement agricole FINNIDA DUpartement finlandais pour la cooperation intemationale au d6veloppement FINUSTD Fonds interimaire des Nations Unies pour la science et la technique au service du developpement FISE Fonds des Nations Unies pour 1'enfance FLB franco long du bord FMI Fonds mon6taire international FNUAP Fonds des Nations Unies pour les actit6s en matiere de population f.o.b. franco a bord GATT Accord g6n6ral sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce GNL gaz natural liquefi6 GPL gaz de petrole liquefie GRAI Garantie de recouvrement de I'apport des investisseurs GTZ Office allemand de la Cooperation Technique HABITAT Centre des Nations Unies pour les etablissements humains h.t. hors taxe ICARDA Centre international de recherche agricole dans les zones arides ICIPE Centre international sur la physiologie et l'cologle des insectes ICRISAT Institut international de recherche sur les cultures des zones tropicales semi-arides IDA Association intemationale de developpement IDE Institut de d6veloppement economIque IES infrastructure economique et sociale IFD institution de financement du d6veloppement IFNB institution financiere non bancaire IFPRI Institut international de recherche sur les poiltiques alimentalres IITA Institut international d'agriculture tropicale INB investissement national brut IPC indice des prix & la consommation IRRI Institut international de recherches sur le riz KFAED Fonds koweftien pour le d6veloppement economique arabe KfW Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau LGN liquides de gaz naturel LIRMA Laboratoire international de recherche sur les maladies des animaux MBA marge brute d'autofinancement mbepj millions de barils d'6quivalent petrole par Jour MCAC Marche commun d'Amerique centrale MCD Ministere de la coop6ration pour le developpement (Pays-Bas) MCS matrice de comptabilite sociale MS matiere seche n.c. non connu n.d.a. non denomm6 ailleurs n.i.a. non inclus ailleurs NORAD Agence norv6gienne de developpement International - 454 - NPI nouveau pays industriel O & M organisation et methodes OACI Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale OCAM Organisation commune africaine et mauricienne OCDE Organisation de cooperation et de developpement economiques o/d origine et destination ODA Overseas Development Administration (Royaume-Uni) OEA Organisation des Etats americains OEAO Organisation des Etats des Antilles orientales OECF Fonds de coop6ration economique d'outre-mer OIT Organisation Internationale du travail OLADE Organisation latino-am6ricalne de l'6nergle OMI Organisation maritime internationale OMS Organisation mondiale de la sante ONG organisation non gouvernementale ONUDI Organisation des Nations Unies pour le developpement industriel o.p. ouvrier professionnel OPA offre publique d'achat OPEP Organisation des pays exportateurs de p6trole OPS Organisation panamericaine de la sante 3.S. ouvrier sp6cialis6 OTV obligation a taux variable OUA Organisation de l'unit6 africaine PAGE Programme conjoint PNUD/Banque mondiale d'assistance a la gestion du secteur energetique PAM Programme alimentaire mondial PAO pubication assist6e par ordinateur PAPIC pret a l'alustement de la politique industrielle et commerciale PAS pret a l'ajustement structurel PASA pret a l'ajustement du secteur agricole PCI Projet de comparaison international PCT panachage a court terme PERT technique d'6valuation et de contr6le des programmes PIB produit interieur brut PIBE production interieure brute PLT panachage de long terme PMA pays les moins avances PMI petites et moyennes industries PMI protection maternelle et infantile PMN produit mat6riel net PNB produkt national brut PNUD Programme des Nations Unies pour le d6veloppement PNUE Programme des Nations Unies pour 1'environnement POS plan d'occupation des sols PPF Mecanisme de financement de la preparation des projets PRITS pays a revenu interm6diaire, tranche superieure PSRAA Programme special pour la recherche agricole en Afrique PTOM Pays et territoires d'outre-mer RAP rapport d'achevement du projet RCB rationalisation des choix budgetaires - 455 - RDB revenu disponible brut RERP rapport d'evaluation retrospective du projet RES reprise d'entreprise par les salarlis RIR reserves Wd6alement r6cup6rables RSC r6seau de soins coordonn6s SAD Socl6te andine de d6veloppement SADCC Conf6rence pour la coordination du d6veloppement de I'Afrique australe SAMA Agence monetaire de I'Arable saoudite SAU superficie agricole utile SEE Societ6 pour 1'expansion des exportations SFD Fonds saoudien pour le developpement SFD societe de financement de d6veloppement SFI Socl6t6 financilre Internatlonale SGP systeme g6neralis6 de preferences SICAV socilte d'investissement & capital variable SID Soci6t6 internationale pour le d6veloppement SIDA Agence su6doise de developpement International SIDA syndrome d'immunod6ficience acquise SIRAN Service International de la recherche agricole nationale SKD en pieces seml-mont6es s.o. sans objet SPPF M6canisme speclal de financement de la preparation des projets SSD Socilte suisse de d6veloppement toc tonne 6quivalent charbon TEE tableau 6conomique d'ensemble TEN taux d'energie nette tep tonne 6quivalent p6trole tes tableau entrees/sorties TIC taux d'lnt6rdt comptable TNR taux net de reproduction tof tableau des operations financilres tpl tonnes de port en lourd TS technicien specialis6 TVA taxe a la valeur ajout6e U.C. unite capitalisable UAMBD Union africaine et mauricienne de banques pour le developpement UBT unite bovin tropical UC unRte de compte UCE unitR de compte europeenne UDEAC Union douaniere et economique de l'Afrique centrale UF unRe fourragere UGB unit6 gros bWtail UIT Union internationale des telecommunicatlons UNCSTD Conference des Nations Unies sur la science et la technique au service du d6veloppement UNCTC Centre des Nations Unies sur les soci6tes transnationales UNESCO Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'education, la science et la culture UNITAR Instftut des Nations Unies pour la formation et la recherche UNSO Bureau des Nations Unies pour la r6gion soudano-sahelienne USAID Agence des Etats-Unis pour le developpement international - 456 - VAN valur actuelle nette VHR varl6te & haut rendement WAMU Union mon4taire ouest-aficalne WFC Consel mondbl de I'alimentation THE WORLD BANK Headquarters European Office Tokyo Office 1818 H Street, N.W. 66, avenue d'lina Kokusai Building Washington, D.C. 20433, USA 75116 Paris, France 1-1, Marunouchi 3-chome Telephone: (202) 477-1234 Telephone: (1) 40.69.30.00 Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan Facsimile: (202) 477-6391 Facsimile: (1) 47.20.19.66 Telephone: (3) 214-5001 Telex: WUI 64145 WORLDBANK Telex: 842-620628 Facsimile: (3) 214-3657 RCA 248423 WORLDBK Telex: 781-26838 Cable Address: INTBAFRAD WASHINGTONDC This new edition of The World Bank Cette nouvelle edition du Glossaire de la Glossary is a thorough revision and ex- Banque mondiale, entierement revue et pansion of its predecessors. In addition considerablement augment&e, contient, to numerous terms in economics and outre de nombreux termes economiques finance, it contains terminology comr- et financiers, des mots ou expressions mon to such sectors of Bank work as que l'on trouve couramment dans des agriculture, education, energy, high- documents sectoriels de la Banque sur ways, contracts, water supply, urban de- l'agriculture, I'education, l'energie, les velopment, minerals, public health, and routes, la passation de marches, I'ali- transport. mentation en eau, l'urbanisme, les in- dustries extractives, la sante publique, Also added to this edition are a list of les transports, etc. acronyms frequently found in Bank texts and a list of international, regional, and On y trouvera egalement une liste de national organizations. sigles qui reviennent frequemment dans les textes de la Banque et une liste The glossary has been divided into two d'organisations internationales, region- volumes-Volume I in English-French ales et nationales. and French-English and Volume II in English-Spanish and Spanish-English. Ce glossaire comprend deux volumes, dont le premier est en anglais-francais et Other glossaries published by the World francais-anglais et le second en anglais- Bank are Termiznology of Forestry and espagnol et espagnol-anglais. Related Subjects in English-French and French-English, Population Term inolo- La Banque a deja publie quatre autres gy in English-French-Spanish, Glossary glossaires: Terminologie de lapprovi- of lrban Infrastructure Maintenance in sionnement en eau et de l'assainisse- English-French-Spanish, and Terminol- ment du milieu langlais-franFais et ogy of Water Supply and Environmen- francais-anglais), Clossaire de lentre- tal Sanitation in English-French and tien de l'infrastructure urbaine (anglais- French-English. A Glossary of Finance francais-espagnol), Terminologie fores- and Debt Terminology in English- tiere et vocabulaire connexe (anglais- French-Spanish is forthcoming. francais et francais-anglais) et Termi- nologie de la population (anglais- fransais-espagnol). Un Glossaire des fi- nances et de la dette (anglais-fransais- espagnol) paraitra prochainement. ISBN 0-8213-17334