E801 V. 5 August 2003 THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT CENTRAL PROJECT OFFICE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR VIET NAM WATER RESOURCES ASSISTANCE PROJECT VOLUME 2: REPORT No. 4: DRAFr FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF QUANG HUE - VU GIA CONTROL WORKS PREPARED BY GEC GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS LTD. AND CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR LIFE AND PRODUCTION APRIL 2003 / . THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT CENTRAL PROJECT OFFICE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR VIET NAM WATER RESOURCES ASSISTANCE PROJECT VOLUME 2: REPORT No. 4: DRAFr FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF QUANG HUE Vu GIA CONTROL WORKS PREPARED BY GEC GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS LTD. AND CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR LIFE AND PRODUCTION APRIL 2003 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SUMMARY OF QUANG HUE-Vu GIA RIVER CONTROL WORKS The Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works seeks to reverse the negative hydrological effects of the 2000 rainy season in which a new Quang Hue River was formed between the Vu Gia and Thu Bon Rivers, destroying land and property of Village No. 9 in Dai Cuong Commune. This new river has severely altered the dry season hydrological regime and the salinity regime downstream of the Project area. Now, most of the dry season flow of the Vu Gia River makes its way into the Thu Bon River via the New Quang Hue River. This has negatively affected those households cultivating brackish water aquaculture in Hoi An District. The now lower flows in the Vu Gia River have increased salinity intrusion in the estuary, compromising freshwater supply to Da Nang City as well as decreasing the availability of irrigation water during the dry season. The Quang Hue- Vu Gia River Control Works consists of two phases: Phase 1: River Revetment and Spillway; and Phase 2: Permanent Spillway, Dai An Revetment, Old Quang Hue Control Works, Land Reclamation, and River Dredging. SUMMARY OF EXPECTED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS The Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works is environmentally feasible. Downstream water use - irrigation, domestic and industrial use - requires a particular regime of freshwater supply from the Vu Gia and Thu Bon Rivers. This regime is dependent in the dry season on particular rates of water transfer from the Vu Gia River to the Thu Bon River through the Old Quang Hue River System. These rates of water transfer have been severely disrupted since the 2000 rainy season causing negative effects to residents and to economic activities downstream. In addition, the residents of Village No. 9 of Dai Cuong Commune have had to cope with a large loss of agricultural land. The Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works will revert the hydrological regime in the dry season to pre-2000 conditions. This will remove the socioeconomic difficulties of the past two years, will return socioeconomic conditions of Village No. 9 back to normal, and will minimize the risk of such an event occurring again sometime in the future. There are expected to be only very minor negative environmental effects, all of which can be easily mitigated. RECOMMENDED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Given the generally positive effects of the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works and only minor potential negative effects, only a very modest environmental management plan is recommended, consisting of the following mitigation measures: . Including terms and conditions in construction contracts to minimize effects of dredged and excavated soils; avoid cultural and historic sites (particularly the new temple constructed by commune residents after the 2000 event), and to minimize disruption to local communities from construction activities; and . Survey and, if necessary, remove unexploded ordnance from excavation sites below 2 m in depth. Monitoring for compliance of contractor terms and conditions is also recommended. No environmental effects monitoring is required. The total cost of the Quang Hue-Vu Gia Environmental Management Plan is US $5,304. Application of IDA Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies for Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works. Bank Operational Summary of Assessment and Rationale Recommendations Policy . While VWRAP is classified as a Category A Project, requiring a full-scale, the results of this EIA indicate that the scale and magnitude of the expected environmental impacts of the Quang OP 4.01 - Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works are more like that of a Category Implement Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Environmental B project. Environmental impacts of the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Works Environmental Management Plan (Chapter Assessment - Control Works are mostly site-specific, none are irreversible; very 4) Triggered few direct impacts are on environmentally important areas such as wetlands, forests, or other natural habitats, all are preventable, and mitigation measures have been designed for all possible impacts OP 4.04 - Natural Habitats - a Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works predicted to have no impact on natural habitats Triggered OP 4.36 - Forestry - Not * Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works predicted to have no impact on forest resources Triggered l Mitigation required against any possible loss of or damage to the Dai Cuong Commune Temple. OPN 11.03 - a Mitigable impact on the Dai Cuong Commune Temple that was * To be incorporated into the detailed design of the Cultural Property constructed soon after the major 2000 flood physical works - Triggered * terms and conditions be included in construction contracts to ensure the integrity of this historical and cultural resource OP 4.12 - * Resettlement and Compensation Action Plan Involuntary * while there is no requirement for resettlement, there is a prepared as part of Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Resettlement - requirement to pay compensation for temporary land acquisition Control Works feasibility study Triggered l OP 4.20 - Indigenous . None of the population in command area belongs to a recognized ethnic minority. 0.3% of population in catchment area Peoples - Not belongs to an ethnic minority (about 15 households) but the catchment area will be unaffected by the Sub-Project Triggered OP 4.37 - Safety . There is no permanent dam as part of the proposed control works. The spillway across the New Quang Hue River will act of Dams - not as a dam in the dry season when there are very low flows with consequent little risk of breakage. Water will be able to triggered flow across the new spillway during the rainy season. OP 4.03- Pesticide . No change in agriculture with implementation of the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works, as compared to pre-2000 Management - situation Triggered OP 7.60 - Projects in . Not triggered as none of the Project Area or the area of influence of the Project is part of a territory whose jurisdiction is Disputed Areas - disputed by another country Not Triggered . Not triggered: OP 7.50 - - None of the water bodies associated with the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works form a boundary between, or International flow through the territory of another country; Waterways - Not -None of the water bodies associated with the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works are a any tributary or component Waterways - Not of any waterway described above; and Triggered - None of the water bodies associated with the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works are recognized as a necessary I channel of communication between the open sea and other states countries or of any river flowing into such waters. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 BACKGROUNDANDOBJECTIVES ................................................................. 1 1.2 LEGAL AND PLANNING CONTEXT FOR QUANG HUE-VU GIA RIVER CONTROL EIA .................................................. 1 1.3 SOURCES OF INFORMATION USED IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS EIA ................................................................. 3 1.4 OUTLINE OF THE EIA FOR THE QUANG HUE-Vu GIA RIVER CONTROL WORKS ......................................................... 4 2: DESCRIPTION OF QUANG HUE-Vu GIA RIVER CONTROL WORKS 5 2.1 PROJECT LOCATION AND AREA DESCRIPTION.. 5 2.2 BASIC CONDITIONS OF PROJECT AREA.................................................................................................................. 5 2.2.1 CLIMATE.5 2.2.2 RIVER CHANNEL SLOPES. 5 2.2.3 HYDROLOGY .5 2.2.4 SEDIMENTS LOADS AND RIVER SEDIMENTATION ....................................................................................... 7 2.3 HYDROLOGY OF THE QUANG HUE-VU GIA RIVER AREA ....................................................................................... 7 2.3.1 SITUATION PRIOR TO 2000 AND EVENTS OF 2000 RAINY SEASON ................................ ........................................ 7 2.3.2 ENGINEERING WORKS IN THE 2001 DRY SEASON, EVENTS IN THE 2001 RAINY SEASON, AND CONSEQUENCES FOR THE 2002 DRY SEASON ....................................................................................... 9 2.4 DESCRIPTION OF QUANG HUE-VU GIA RIVER CONTROL WORKS ......................................................................... 10 2.4.1 PHASE 1: RIVER EMBANKMENT AND SPILLWAY ........................................................................................ 10 2.4.2 INITIAL RESULTS OF PHASE 1 AT BEGINNING OF 2002 RAINY SEASON ..................... ............................................ 13 2.4.3 PHASE 2: PERMANENT SPILLWAY, DAI AN REVETMENT, OLD QUANG HUE CONTROL WORKS, RIVER DREDGING ....... 13 3: IMPACT ASSESSMENT 15 3.1 SUMMARY OF EXPECTED IMPACTS ....................................................................................... 15 3.2 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXPECTED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ................................................................ 1 5 3.2.1 SOILS .15 3.2.2 SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY . 15 3.2.3 EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION .16 3.2.4 S URFACE WATER QUALITY .16 3.2.5 GROUNDWATER RESOURCES .16 3.2.6 MINERAL RESOURCES .16 3.2.7 AIR QUALITY ............1.........6............................................................................................... 16 3.2.8 NOISE ................................16 3.2.9 TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS .17 3. 2.10 AOUATIC ECOSYSTEMS ..17 3.2.11 RARE AND ENDANGERED SPECIES .17 3.2.12 PROTECTED AREAS ..17 3.2.13 POPULATION AND COMMUNITIES ..................................................................................................... 17 3.2.14 EMPLOYMENT .......................................................... ........................................................... 18 3.2.15 INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES ................................................................................................... 18 3.2.16 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY AND QUALITY .............................................................................................. 18 3.2.17 INCOME AND SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS ................................................................................................. 18 3.2.18 RESETTLEMENT AND LAND ACOUISITION ..18 3.2.19 FISHERIES ........................................................................................ .................................................. 18 3.2.20 TRANSPORTATION AND NAVIGATION ..19 3.2.21 TOURISM RESOURCES .19 3.2.22 HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES ............................................................ ............................................... 19 4: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 20 4.1 VIETNAMESE LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS ............. 20 4.1.1 THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT .20 4.1.2 THE ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT .21 4.1.3 VIETNAMESE ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS .22 4.2 IDA ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS 22 4.3 INSTITUTIONS RESPONSIBLE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE QUANG HUE-VU GIA EMP . .22 4.4 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 23 4.4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION COMPLIANCE MONITORING PROGRAM FOR QUANG HUE-Vu GIA RIVER CONTROL WORKS ............................................................................................. 23 4.4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING PROGRAM FOR QUANG HUE-VU GIA RIVER CONTROL WORKS ........ .......... 23 4.5 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR QUANG HUE-VU GIA RIVER CONTROL WORKS EMP . . 24 4.6 COSTS OF QUANG HUE-Vu GIA RIVER CONTROL WORKS EMP ............................................................................ 24 ANNEX 1: TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA 28 ANNEX 2: SUMMARY OF CONSULTATIONS IN SUPPORT OF EIA PREPARATION 34 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1: MAXIMUM RAINY PERIOD AND CORRESPONDING RAINFALL AT FIVE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL STATIONS WITHIN Vu GIA AND THU BON R IVER BASINS ...................................................................................... 7 TABLE 2: DETAILED COSTS AND SCHEDULE FOR QUANG HUE-VU GIA RIVER CONTROL WORKS ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................................................................... 24 TABLE 3: ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PROGRAM FOR QUANG HUE-VU GIA RIVER CONTROL WORKS . .......................... 25 TABLE 4: ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION COMPLIANCE MONITORING PROGRAM . ............................................................ 27 TABLE 5: REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR THE QUANG HUE-VU GIA EMP . ................................................................. 27 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1: LOCATION OF COMPONENTS AND SUB-PROJECTS OF VWRAP ........................................................................ 2 FIGURE 2: LOCATION OF QUANG HUE-VU GIA RIVER CONTROL WORKS . ......................................................................... 6 FIGURE 3: DETAILS OF PROJECT AREA ..................................................................................... 7 FIGURE 4: LONGITUDINAL PROFILES OF VU GIA AND THU BON RIVERS ............................................................................ 8 FIGURE 5: AVERAGE MONTHLY DISCHARGE IN VU GIA AND THU BON RIVERS . ................................................................. 8 FIGURE 6: GENERAL PLAN OF QUANG HUE-VU GIA RIVER CONTROL WORKS . ............................................................... 11 FIGURE 7: DETAILED ENGINEERING OF PROJECT: REVETMENTS WORKS . ....................................................................... 12 FIGURE 8: DETAILED ENGINEERING OF PROJECT: SPILLWAY ACROSS NEW QUANG HUE RIVER ....................................... 14 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of April 2003) Current Unit - Viet Nam Dong (VND) US $1.00 - VND 15,300 VND 1,000 - US $0.065 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CPO Central Project Office (of MARD) DANIDA Danish International Development Assistance DARD Department of Agricultural and Rural Development DoCI Department of Culture and Information DoFi Department of Fisheries DoSTE Department of Science, Technology and Environment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMD Environmental Management Department EMP Environmental Management Plan FPD Forest Protection Department FS Feasibility Study GoVN Government of Viet Nam HEC Hydraulic Engineering Company HH Household IDA International Development Association IMC Irrigation Management Company IPM Integrated Pest Management IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MoNRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment NGO Non-governmental organization NKH Nippon Koei Haskoning (the Consultant) NLEP National Law on Environmental Protection PFS Pre-Feasibility Study PMU Project Management Unit PPC Provincial People's Committee SIU Sub-Project Implementation Unit TIBP Thu Bon Integrated Basin Plan ToR Terms of Reference UXO Unexploded Ordnance VND Viet Nam Dong VWRAP Viet Nam Water Resources Assistance Project WB World Bank WWF World Wide Fund for Nature 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background and Obeectives The Government of Viet Nam (GoVN) has requested assistance from the International Development Association (IDA) to support the Water Resources Assistance Project (VWRAP)'. VWRAP has the following objectives: . Make Vietnamese agriculture more internationally competitive and increase farmer incomes by introducing modern irrigation infrastructure and management to the sector. . Reduce flood and disaster risk by improving dam safety and management. . Promote the environmentally sustainable development of Thu Bon Basin through integrated development and management of water resources. VWRAP is comprised of four separate but integrated elements (please see Figure 1 for the location of the following components and Sub-Projects): Component 1: Irrigation Modernization and Dam Safety in five irrigation schemes: - Dau Tieng (Tay Ninh Province and Ho Chi Minh City) - Da Ban (Khanh Hoa Province) - Ke Go (Ha Tinh Province) - Yen Lap (Quang Ninh Province) - Cam Son - Cau Son (Bac Giang Province); Component 2: Dam Safety: - MARD Dam Repair Fund for other MARD dams outside the scope of VWRAP - Hoa Binh Dam Safety Upgrading - Dam Safety Institutional Development Component 3: Thu Bon Integrated River Basin Development (Quang Nam Province): - Irrigation modemization and Dam Safety of the Phu Ninh Irrigation Scheme - Quang Hue- Vu Gia River Control Works; - Thu Bon Investment Preparation Component 4: Institutional Development and Capacity Building: - Training and Capacity Building - Design and Supervision Technical Assistance - Design and Supervision Costs - Provincial and MARD Incremental Costs A separate EIA has been constructed for each of the italicized and underlined Sub-Projects in the above list and each of these is termed a Sub-Project for the purposes of the VWRAP EIA. This report is a draft Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works prepared as part of overall VWRAP preparation. This report has been prepared and submitted in accordance with the Terms of Reference for Consulting Services for the VWRAP EIA Consultant (Annex 1). This document is one component of the overall VWRAP EIA: Volume 1 - summary EIA of the entire VWRAP Project Volume 2 - total of seven EIA reports, one for each of the Sub-Projects listed above Volume 3 - Public Consultation Report Specific public consultation and disclosure activities conducted in support of this Draft EIA are summarized in Annex 2. 1.2 Legal and Planning Context for Quang Hue - Vu Gia River Control EIA The Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works EIA has been prepared according to Viet Nam's legal, policy, and The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) obtained a grant from the Government of Japan to procure consultancy services to help prepare VWRAP; the Central Project Office (CPO) of MARD is the coordinating agency of VWRAP and engaged Nippon Koei Haskoning (NKH) as the Consultant, and GEC Global Environmental Consultants Ltd., in association with National Institute for Water Resources Research. ,_ o.! - /9i*zlo t[\4lrx;)<'V ( \ .\! _- > \tz>~,f 2 \,I)-T Carn-Son - Cau Son Sub-Project| <'~~~~~'O LA RHU I C,N, n.r ri Ph;G'It 0 C3.I 'C - _! s. - i,.v "X i. {.t~~~~~~~~~~~1~ To -^,,i.H I;.l AH 2 i ! ; < ...... -,is ,NGA t AN-\ \ . _ \, \ /. XliKh. . lc< 8~- Sc, ,> ....... - KGo Sub-Proiect | jt ! D u h7/AO HiAI NAM .' Nll Kh.i - , . 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C 11 PN LS ZLA ; - . J S -- X ~~~h~ . D.L iC Zunz Qun Hu-V Gi;Su roet 0~s U Un 4I ~~ > x - /' r .\.;l(lN _ ~ ~ ~ 0 V1 ) < ~\L I N Ph N- _ hSu'bS KAH \~ ~~ -A- NI P. k D a l ClI I IIA'A ~~~~~~~~~~~~t tUi)iJhAP'; ......... -.\ A RA lOt A ...........d 'X v iN QAhCx (. ;S IG:.: C *Su C1s - Ha K,:. I A FDau~~~~~r Tien S rb Pe6,;e-t .4 NH._ - z, , ., !~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~B .IA \.6II TAUIAI} 1, CAq M.AU ,; :- Figure 1: Location of components and Sub-Projects of VWNRAP. regulatory framework for environmental impact assessment. The key legal instruments defining this national framework are: . National Law on Environmental Protection (29LUCTN, 1994); . Decree 175/CP/1994 on Implementation of the NLEP; and . Circular 490/1998/TT-BKHCNMT on Setting Up and Appraising Environmental Impact Assessment Reports This EIA has also been prepared according to the following World Bank directives and guidelines for environmental impact assessment and natural resource management: . Operational Policy 4.01 (and accompanying annexes): Environmental Assessment; . Operational Policy 4.04: Natural Habitats; . Operational Policy 4.07: Water Resources Management; . General Policy 14.70: Involving Nongovernmental Organizations in Bank-Supported Activities; . Where required, the Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook; and * The Environmental Assessment Sourcebook2. In addition, this EIA considers other key legal instruments in Viet Nam for environmental protection and natural resource management: * TCVN 5592 National Surface Water Quality Standards e TCVN 5944 National Groundwater Quality Standards . TCVN 6980 (2001) Standards for Industrial Effluents Discharged Into Rivers Used for Domestic Water Supply * Decree 18/1986, the Ordinance on Conservation and Management of Living Aquatic Resources e1991 Forestry Resource Protection and Development Act * Decision 1171, 1986, on Special Forest Management for Protected Areas This EIA has also been prepared in the context of a number of international environmental conventions to which Viet Nam is a signatory: *1972 Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage (the World Heritage Convention). *1973 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES Convention) * 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; and * 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity. In this context, the 2002 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species was a main sourcebook for considering biodiversity resources within the Sub-Project's area of influence. Finally, a number of national environmental and natural resources programs and plans were considered in the preparation of this EIA: * National Strategy for Environmental Protection for 2001 to 2010 . National Biodiversity Action Plan (1995); . Forest Protection Department 1998 Protected Areas Plan of Vietnam to 2010; and * National Aquaculture Development Program (1999-2010). 1.3 Sources of Information Used in the Preparation of this EIA Information used in preparing this EIA was obtained from a number of sources: . A set of consultations with provincial, district, and commune representatives (Annex 2); . The March 2003 final PFS submitted by the Consultant to GoVN and IDA; and . The gathering of secondary data and information from various sources in government departments at the provincial, district, and commune level in Quang Nam Province. 1.4 Outline of the EIA for the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works Including this Introduction, the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works EIA contains five sections: Chapter 2 - Description of Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works A presentation, using the best available information of what engineering works are to be constructed, quantities of materials required, and land use changes in the command area that will be supported by the implementation of the Sub-Project Chapter 4 - Impact Assessment an evaluation of the environmental impacts of the Control Works Chapter 5 - Environmental Management Plan mitigation and monitoring requirements, including implementation arrangements, costs, and schedule. The EIA is supported by a set of technical annexes contained at the end of this volume. 2: DESCRIPTION OF QUANG HUE-VU GIA RIVER CONTROL WORKS 2.1 Project Location and Area Description The Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works is located at about 15051'-15° 53' N, 108o07'-108a08' E and is administratively located in Dai Cuong Commune, Dai Loc District, Quang Nam Province (Figure 2). The Vu Gia- Thu Son River Basin covers practically all of Quang Nam Province and has a total drainage area of 11,510 km2. Of this total, the Vu Gia River drains 5,410 kM2, or slightly less than half the total, while the Thu Bon River drains 3,590 kM2, or about 30% of the total. The drainage basins of the two rivers remain separate until only a few kilometers upstream of the Project area when the mountain range separating the two systems disappears, leaving a large plain and estuary through which both rivers flow. The two rivers are linked via two watercourses in the Project area: the Old Quang Hue River and the New Quang Hue River, formed in 2000. These rivers allow water from the Vu Gia River to transfer to the Thu Bon River. A large, combined estuary begins just below the Project location, with most of the flow of the Vu Gia River remaining after the Quang Hue Rivers traveling to Da Nang City, where it is renamed as the Han River. Flow from the Vu Gia River is an important source of freshwater for Da Nang City. Flow through the estuary via the Thu Bon River reaches the ocean in Hoi An District, providing salinity intrusion to Hoi An District during the dry season. The large estuary is linked also to the Truong Giang River, which flows along the coast of Quang Nam Province down to Ben Van Bay in Nui Thanh District at the extreme southeastern part of Quang Nam Province. The river flow directions have an important bearing on the Project (Figure 3). The direction of the Thu Bon River flow turns from a northerly to an easterly direction just upstream of the Project location. The Vu Gia River flows in a northeasterly direction through the Project area, but makes a sharp turn about 10 km upstream from the Old Quang Hue River to a south-southeasterly direction, and then makes a very sharp turn back to a northeasterly direction about 3 km upstream of the old Quang Hue River. The Old Quang Hue River has a reverse S-shape but flows generally south and east towards the Thu Bon River. These flow patterns create a finger of land between the Vu Gia and Thu Bon Rivers, formed by the reverse S-shape of the Old Quang Hue River and the extremely sharp turn of the Vu Gia from south-southeast back to northeast. 2.2 Basic Conditions of Proiect Area 2.2.1 Climate The Project area experiences a tropical climate with a short and intense rainy season lasting from October to December; more than half of the total annual rainfall of the Project area falls in these three months (Table 1). Quang Nam also has one of the highest incidences of typhoons of any coastal province in Viet Nam and extreme rainfall events in the rainy season can come from a number of sources (i.e., monsoon rains, typhoons, and cold fronts from the west). Rainfall during these periods overwhelms the conveyance capacity of the river systems in the Project area. 2.2.2 River Channel Slopes The river channel slopes of both rivers are as gentle as 1:5,000 in their lowermost stretches from the mouth of their estuaries to about 90 km upstream (Figure 4); the Project area lies within this 1:5,000 slope section. The slopes become steeper from 90 km to 150 km from the estuaries, with the Thu Bon River and Vu Gia Rivers having average slopes of 1:600 and 1:400, respectively, in this section. Beyond 150 km from the estuaries, the channel slopes become as steep as 1:100. 2.2.3 Hvdrolopy Discharge of the Vu Gia and Thu Bon Rivers averages 1053 and 2434 m3/s, respectively, with most of the discharge occurring in the rainy season (October to December, Figure 5). Much of the Project area as well as downstream of the Project area is completely inundated during the rainy season. Flow in the dry season (January to September) averages 34.1 m3/s in the Vu Gia River and 63.6 m3/s in the Thu Bon River. 3as measured at the Nong Son Hydrometeorological Station, about 20 km upstream of the Project area 4 __- ___ ~._. .W_. T.,t0.~ IA,, r ,mto*rnnir'.I.. qtftinn ;hnut 20 km uostream of the Project area Road 41, to Hanoi. 3L2~,fl,\r 2t I2 - _ _ Lics Ho Song7r'T hfl Major steam -Basin boundary ient Area A= 1,5 I Proposed Reservoir .engt- National Hghway No. I in River :L=1931an Railway River L=1 65.61=~ - rovincialVNational Boundary 10 | Sta., Distance from the sea/confluenc Figure 2: Location of Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Project. : B&siD OOUDiiaIy ~ ~ Figure 3: Details of Project area. Table 1: Maximum rainy period and corresponding rainfall at five hydrometeorological stations within Vu Gia and Thu Bon River Basins. l ~~~~Total Average Annual Average Total Rainfall, Percentage of Maximum Recorded Station Rainfall (mm) October and November (mm) Total Annual Monthly Rainfall (mm) | Ai Nghia 2,074 1 ,048 51.0 1,209 Giao Thuy 2,124 1,093 49.9 1,345 |Da Nang 2,049 1,060 51.7 1,329 |Nong Son 2,633 1,217 46.2 1,395 ThnhMy2,056 814 39.6 1,065 2.2.4 Sediments Loads and River Sedimentation Both rivers carry extremely high sediment loads from the mountains in the western part of Quang Nam Province; this may have been exacerbated in recent years due to high rates of deforestation, extensive gold mining and road construction in the upper parts of the river basins (the new national Ho Chi Minh Highway cuts through most of the mountainous districts of the province). The extremely gentle river slopes in this area (1:5,000) creating low velocities, plus the high sediment load of the rivers means that sedimentation rates in the river bed are very high throughout the Project area. 2.3 Hydrology of the Quanfz Hue-Vu Gia River Area 2.3.1 Situation Prior to 2000 and Events of 2000 Rainv Season Prior to 2000, about 15% of the flow of the Vu Gia River in the dry season was transferred to the Thu Bon River via the old Quang Hue River. This supported salinity intrusion protection in Hoi An District and enabled freshwater agricultural cultivation on about 10,000 ha in the downstream area of the Thu Bon River. The remaining 85% of the Vu Gia River flow entered the An Trach water supply system feeding Da Nang City. The large flood event of 2000 created the New Quang Hue River. The high flows of the Vu Gia River and the general inundation created by the high flows cut a channel beginning slightly downstream of the southernmost ofthe monanu ditrct of th prvne., Th exrml genlrie sloe r__ thi are (1:500 cretin lwA ................_{ ..... Vu Gia-Thiu Bon Rivcr Prol'ilc 2000 V11 Z IIiZ Lf l I -O - -4_ = |=- VG IS00 . . . . . . Q.i; t 1700 I1600 - ~ - ____ -0r II ^a - -' EEzt ZTz' -K TI 1400 - 1 ~ __ 1200 - _ ==_ - 3000 _- RW ==~-1--~711 900 M 800 1 * 60-00 -4600 - X j 500 -200 _ I. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 901lO 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 Distance (kJgOv Figure 4: Longitudinal profiles of Vu Gia and Thu Bon Rivers. 900 - 800 - 700- CV) 600- 500- 400- 300- <200- 100 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Thanh My (Vu Gia) u Nong Son (Thu Bon) Figure 5: Average monthly discharge in Vu Gia and Thu Bon Rivers. Thu Bon Rivers that is formed by the reverse S-shape of the Old Quang Hue River (Figure 3)5. Property and land belonging to Hamlet No. 9 of Dai Cuong Commune, inhabited by about 200 households (1,000 persons) was washed away by the newly-formed river or isolated on the other side of the new _ river". There were a number of consequences of the new river channel: The allocation of Vu Gia River water in the dry season reversed from its normal conditions: - 85% of the flow in the 2001 dry season, much higher flow than normal, made its way into the Thu Bon River system via the New Quang Hue River. This decreased salinity intrusion and was a benefit to those households cultivating freshwater agriculture, but negatively affected those households cultivating brackish water aquaculture in Hoi An District; and - the remaining 15% of the flow, much lower than normal, continued its way through the Vu Gia River system. The lower flows continuing into the Vu Gia River system increased salinity intrusion in and decreased freshwater supply to Da Nang City; and . the lower flows in the Vu Gia downstream of the New Quang Hue River resulted in lower river velocities which greatly increased sedimentation rates in this section as well as in the Old Quang Hue River. The result of this was that the Old Quang Hue River became unable to convey water in the dry season. 2.3.2 Engineering Works in the 2001 Dry Season, Events in the 2001 Rainy Season, and Consequences for the 2002 Dry Season A temporary dam was constructed across thie mouth of the New Quang Hue River during the 2001 dry season, consisting mostly of sand bags. Much of the W0 temporary dam was washed 'J _m~ away during the 2001 rainy season because of the overwhelming velocity of Vu Gia River water flowing to the Thu Bon River via the New Quang Hue River. There Z was additional erosion in the 2001 rainy season of about 80 m of the right riverbank of the Vu Gia-New Quang Hue River confluence, causing further loss of property to Hamlet No. 9 in Dai Cuong 5 A similar event occurred during the same rainy season on the Thu Bon River some 15 km downstream of the Project area. Commune. The downstream effects in the 2002 dry season were the same as in the 2001 dry season (see above, Section 2.3.1), but there was better documentation of some of the effects of the reversal of normal Vu Gia River water allocation during the dry season: e water supply to many irrigation systems, pumping stations of all districts in northern Quang Nam including four newly rehabilitated dams of the An Trach system ran extremely low; . for much of the 2002 dry season there was no water for over 40 electric pumping stations with more than 150 pumping machines, which provides irrigation water to nearly 10,000 ha of agricultural production land (8,000 ha in Quang Nam and 2,000 ha in Da Nang City); and . residential and industrial areas of Da Nang City had insufficient water supplies for parts of the 2002 dry season. Water supply to the Cau Do Water Supply Plant for Da Nang City experienced salinity intrusion. 2.4 Description of Quang Hue - Vu Gia River Control works The objectives of the Quang Hue- Vu Gia River Control Works are to: o Restore water flow from the Vu Gia River to the Thu Bon River in the low flow period so that the water resources for about 10,000 ha of agricultural land and the municipal water supply to Da Nang City with a population of more than 710,000 are once again secured; * Restore residence and cultivation land for the approximately 200 households in Village No. 9 of Dai Cuong Commune so that the community is once again able to resume normal socioeconomic livelihoods; and * Rehabilitate and strengthen the river bank of the Vu Gia River so that the safety of Village No. 9 of Dai Cuong Village is assured and new rivers are not created between the New and Old Quang Hue Rivers. The Quang Hue- Vu Gia River Control Works consists of two phases': . Phase 1: River Revetment and Spillway; and . Phase 2: Permanent Spillway, Dai An Revetment, Old Quang Hue Control Works, Land Reclamation, and River Dredging. 2.4.1 Phase 1: River Embankment and Spillway DESCRIPTION OF ENGINEERING WORKS Phase 1 of the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works was completed in the 2002 Dry Season over a three- month period ending in September 20028. It consists of (Figure 6, Figure 7): * Strengthening and stabilizing 3,000 m of riverbank with a rock and concrete revetment (termed the Dai Cuong Revetment in Figure 6). Most of this was built on the right side of the Vu Gia River upstream of the beginning of the New Quang Hue River but this rock and concrete revetment also continued along the right bank of the New Quang Hue River. The left bank of the New Quang Hue River was also strengthened with this revetment, which runs back to the right bank of the Vu Gia River and downstream for some distance (termed Bank Revetment No. 1 in Figure 6); * Strengthening the right bank along the first bend of the New Quang Hue River in order to protect another hamlet living along the shore of the new river (termed Bank Revetment No. 2 in Figure 6); o Construction of a 120 m long spillway and low weir at the head of the New Quang Hue River (the spillway and weir are not shown in Figure 6; they were intended to be temporary measures). EXPECTED HYDROLOGICAL EFFECTS The extremely shallow river slopes of the Project area make it difficult to construct a spillway and weir that will restore the water allocation of the system to conditions prior to the 2000 rainy season. MARD and provincial authorities accepted that the design height of the weir would prevent water from traveling down the New Quang Hue River during the dry season. The inability of the Old Quang Hue River to convey water to the Thu Bon River system because of the large increases in sedimentation due to the lower flow and associated velocities of the Vu 7 There is actually a third phase which consists of constructing canal embankment along much of the Thu Bon River downstream of the Quang Hue River but IDA financing is being sought for this through the Thu Bon Water Resources Investment Fund. This third phase is not central for providing Vu Gia River control in the Quang Hue Rivers. a The EIA Consultant was informed by Quang Nam provincial authorities that funding for Phase 1 would be provided by the ina r,-4-x WIADAD -w-cn +hniinh it hpc nlr.-Prv htopn rnnqctmrilt#H GENERAL PLAN OF THE ENTIRE STRUCTURE QUANG HUE RIVERFLOW STABILIZATION _0M b , ~~~~~~, er -n I ,, ,, \~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~" CD NEW FILLED tiP AREA ?I aUANG HUE RIVR-(\ CD I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I~~~~~~~~3 ~ < S.QCą,6-S A, A wlV\- \ j; *\ Svf ve dS \ \ 9vp ox ,/* 4oip 1'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ File gur 7: Deaie eniern of Prjet reemet works.t: t T SQ:t, a S- B ~ 1 Gia River downstream of the New Quang Hue River meant that: . the flow in the Thu Bon River was expected to be lower than normal (i.e., prior to 2000) in the 2003 dry season, creating greater salinity intrusion in Hoi An District; and . water supply to Da Nang City via the Vu Gia River in the 2003 dry season would be assured and would in fact be higher than normal due to receiving 100% of the Vu Gia River flow in the 2003 dry season. 2.4.2 Initial Results of Phase I at Beginning of 2002 Rainy Season Despite construction being completed in September 2002, the velocity and force of the water traveling down the New Quang Hue River system at the beginning of t the 2002 rainy season =_ washed away large parts of the weir and some . associated parts of the spillway. It remains to be - seen how much of the spillway will remain after the end of the 2002 rainy season but, with higher river flows and velocities yet to come in the 2002 rainy season, it is ;.._-. :__ possible that little will remain of the spillway in early 2003. Without immediate rehabilitation of the damaged . o Wr weir, the hydrological situation at the beginning of the 2003 dry season (until completion of Phase 2 of the River Control Works will be the same as it was in the 2002 dry season: . insufficient amount of water remaining in the Vu Gia River system for meeting irrigation, domestic, and industrial water to Da Nang City and northern Quang Nam Province; and . likely negative effects to brackish water aquaculture in Hoi An District because of larger than normal freshwater supply down the Thu Bon River through the New Quang Hue River. 2.4.3 Phase 2: Permanent Spillway. Dai An Revetment. Old Quang Hue Control Works, River Dredging The following engineering works form the second phase of the Project9 (Figure 6, Figure 8): . Construction of a permanent spillway across the New Quang Hue River at the site of the spillway that was constructed in the 2002 dry season; . Filling in the New Quang Hue River with material to be dredged from the left bank of the Vu Gia River to both reduced flow velocities in the Vu Gia River bend at the point that the New Quang Hue River was formed and to reclaim land lost when the New Quang Hue River was formed; . Construction of a gate at the beginning of the Old Quang Hue River to control flow from the Vu Gia River into the Old Quang Hue River; and . Construction of the Dai An Revetment along the left bank of the Old Quang Hue River to provide stabilization and erosion control in case of high flows into the Old Quang Hue River. Phase 2 is expected to take six months to complete. 9 Staff of the Water Resources Office in the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Quang Nam Province indicated that the Old Quang Hue River should be dredged so that it can once again serve as a water conveyance from the Vu Gia River to the Thu Bon River. It is not part of the engineering feasibility study document on which this EIA is based inr jc thPrnfnro not considered in the environmental analysis. A Scal~-e 4 ' IL ; II @ - \L . pj~~~~~~~~~~~e / ~ ~ ~ ; (;ki ~~~''C -- '''-)' * '-§R ^ .7.3 ',< f ,,c-h'o A -A 3 N , -.5 e vt _ . N _I;o S1 r 7 L..- '5- v N t 3 o a P X e LL PS~~~ > RD-FfL OF THE PRDPO'IE BAC$FLL 3: IMPACT ASSESSMENT 3.1 Summary of Expected Impacts The Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works is environmentally feasible. Downstream water use - irrigation, domestic and industrial use - requires a particular regime of freshwater supply from the Vu Gia and Thu Bon Rivers. This regime is dependent in the dry season on particular rates of water transfer from the Vu Gia River to the Thu Bon River through the Old Quang Hue River System. These rates of water transfer have been severely disrupted since the 2000 rainy season causing negative effects to residents and to economic activities downstream. In addition, the residents of Village No. 9 have had to cope with a large loss of agricultural land. The Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works will revert the hydrological regime in the dry season to pre-2000 conditions. This will remove the socioeconomic difficulties of the past two years, will return socioeconomic conditions of Village No. 9 back to normal, and will minimize the risk of such an event occurring again sometime in the future. 3.2 Detailed Description of Expected Environmental Impacts 3.2.1 Soils Assessment: Positive Effects on Soils There will be a loss of soil area on the left bank of the Vu Gia River when it is dredged to provide construction material and to fill in the New Quang Hue River. This type of riverbank is extremely common on the inside of the river bends throughout the lower Vu Gia and Thu Bon River basins. e This will be compensated for by an increase (from current conditions) in soil area where the New Quang Hue River currently exists as the dredged material on the left bank. ,The soils of the Project area are clays, loam and sand, and have no special characteristics that would cause negative environmental impacts if disturbed (e.g., the soils of the Project area do not contain pyrites or jaroside that could cause acidity problems upon disturbance). o Loss of soils along the right side of the Vu Gia River Bank and the left side of the Old Quang Hue River during periods of high flow will be reduced by the construction of the revetment. 3.2.2 Surface Water Hydrology Assessment: Positive Effects on Surface Water Hydrology The Project will restore the hydrological regime to pre-2000 conditions, with 15% of dry season Vu Gia River flow to be conveyed to the Thu Bon River system and the remainder to remain in the Vu Gia River system. * There will be no disruption to surface water hydrology during the construction of the remainder of the River Control system. Coffering and dewatering will be required for the construction of the revetment and the spillway across the New Quang Hue River but these activities will have no observable effects on the average Vu Gia River flow during the dry season of more than 30 m3/s. * The operation of the control gate at the beginning of the Old Quang Hue River system may affect surface water hydrology but the basic allocation of water between the two river systems (Vu Gia and Thu Bon) is not likely to be altered by operation of this control gate. 3.2.3 Erosion and Sedimentation Assessment: Positive Effects on Sedimentation Positive Effects on Erosion o The restoration of increased flows (and increased flow velocity) during the dry season in the Vu Gia River and the Old Quang Hue River will decrease the rate of sedimentation in those riverbeds. * The construction of the Dai An Revetment will decrease erosion rates along the right bank of the Vu Gia River between the New Quang Hue River and the Old Quang Hue River. This will reduce the risk of a new river channel forming during a future flood event such as occurred in the 2000 rainy season. 3.2.4 Surface Water Quality Assessment: Insignificant and Mitigable Effects on Surface Water Quality f The release of clays and sand into the Vu Gia River during the actual dredging of the left bank of the Vu Gia River will cause minor, localized increases in sediment content of the Vu Gia River. The expected incremental sediment load will be negligible compared to the overall sediment load of the Vu Gia River and this impact is assessed as Insignificant. o There may be releases of oils, gas, and lubricants into the surface waters of the Project area during construction from the various mechanical equipment that will be used (i.e., dredged, backhoe, etc.). Any material released into the environment will almost certainly disappear during the rainy season immediately following the construction of Phase 2 but good environmental management practices should nevertheless be applied by ensuring these materials are properly stored on site. * There will likely be a small construction camp at the Project site during Phase 2 of the Project. Improper environmental sanitation measures taken at the site could negatively affect surface water quality. Again, any material released into the environment from the construction camp will almost certainly disappear during the rainy season immediately following the construction of Phase 2 but good environmental management practices should nevertheless be applied by taking appropriate measures taken to minimize environmental pollution from solid waste and sewage generated at the construction site. 3.2.5 Groundwater Resources Assessment: No Effects on Groundwater Quality * The amounts of material that might be released into the environment from construction activities will be so small that they will almost certainly not make their way into the groundwater resources of the Project area. 3.2.6 Mineral Resources Assessment: No Effects on Mineral Resources e There are no mineral resources in the Project area. 3.2.7 Air Quality Assessment: Insignificant Effects on Air Quality o The only effect on air quality will come from construction machinery exhaust. This will be very minor and very localized. No mitigation is required. 3.2.8 Noise Assessment: Insignificant Effects on Noise Levels . The only effect on noise levels will come from the operation of construction machinery. This will be very minor and very localized and no mitigation is required. 3.2.9 Terrestrial Ecosvstems Assessment: Insignificant Effects on Terrestrial Ecosystems The Project area consists mostly of highly modified and simplified agricultural ecosystems that produce annual crops. The exception to this is the riverbank on the left side of the Vu Gia River that is to be dredged. This type of terrestrial ecosystem is extremely common on the inside of the river bends throughout the lower Vu Gia and Thu Bon River basins and it is likely that, over time, the area lost to dredging will re-form again as sediment continues to be deposited there by the Vu Gia River. 3.2.10 Aquatic Ecosystems Assessment: Positive Effects on Aquatic Ecosystems • The restoration of the dry season hydrological regime in the Thu Bon and Vu Gia Rivers downstream of the Quang Hue Rivers will restore the aquatic ecosystems to their pre-2000 state through re-attainment of salinity intrusion that existed before the events of the 2000 rainy season. o The loss of aquatic habitat by the filling up of the New Quang Hue River will be compensated for by the restoration of aquatic habitat in the Old Quang Hue River when it once again conveys water from the Vu Gia to the Thu Bon River. o There will be an increase in aquatic habitat during the dry season caused by the dredging of the left bank of the Vu Gia River. • The very localized and temporary effects on surface water quality caused by the construction activities may cause extremely localized and temporary effects on the aquatic ecosystem of the Vu Gia River. Whatever effects that will occur will be temporary, lasting only during the construction phase, and no mitigation measures are required or recommended. 3.2.11 Rare and Endangered Species Assessment: No Effects on Rare and Endangered Species . Biodiversity surveys have not been conducted specifically in the Project area, but Quang Nam Province does contain a number of rare and endangered species, a number of which are on the IUCN 2000 Red List (WWF MOSAIC'° staff, pers. comm.). The vast majority of these rare and endangered species reside in the mountainous western areas of the province, in the upper watersheds and drainages of the Vu Gia and Thu Bon Rivers, far from the Project area. 3.2.12 Protected Areas Assessment: No Effects on Protected Areas o There are no protected areas or nature reserves in the Project area or downstream of the Project area. 3.2.13 Population and Communities Assessment: Positive Effects on Population and Communities . There will be a number of very positive effects of the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works on populations and communities: - The residents of Village No. 9 will have most of their land that was lost to the formation of the New Quang Hue River restored by backfilling with material dredged from the left bank of the Vu Gia River - The residents of Village No. 9 and residents living between the New Quang Hue River and the Old Quang Hue River will enjoy increased security (lower risk) of the events of the 2000 rainy season being repeated; and - The residents and communities downstream of the Project area in the Vu Gia and Thu Bon River basins will once again enjoy a secure supply of freshwater during the dry season for their Management of Strategic Areas for Integrated Conservation, a project implemented by the Quang Nam Province Forestry Protection Department and the WWF Indochina Programme socioeconomic livelihoods. 3.2.14 Emplovment Assessment: Potential Positive Effects on Population and Communities Labor will be required for the construction of Phase 2 of the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control works. This has the potential to create temporary employment for local residents and construction contractors should employ local residents whenever possible. 3.2.15 Infrastructure Facilities Assessment: Positive Effects on Infrastructure Facilities The restoration of the dry season hydrological regime to pre-2000 conditions will ensure that: - the water supply to the Cau Do Water Supply Plant for Da Nang City is not affected by salinity intrusion; and - water will be supplied to the over 40 electric pumping stations that provide irrigatiori water to nearly 10,000 ha of agricultural production land in the Vu Gia River basin downstream of the Project area. 3.2.16 Drinking Water Supply and Quality Assessment: Positive Effects on Drinking Water Supply and Quality - The restoration of the dry season hydrological regime to pre-2000 conditions will ensure that the residents of Da Nang City receive again sufficient quantities of good quality drinking water. 3.2.17 Income and Socioeconomic Conditions Assessment: Positive Effects on Income and Socioeconomic Conditions * Residents of Village No. 9 who lost their property during the 2000 flood event will have their property restored by the filling of the New Quang Hue River. It is not certain whether the soils will be of sufficient quality for immediate resumption of agricultural activities but the potential will exist for these households, currently without agricultural land, to resume their agricultural livelihoods. . There will an improvement in the socioeconomic conditions of Village No. 9 if residents are hired to work on the construction of Phase 2. • The resumption of the dry season hydrological and salinity regimes to their pre-2000 levels downstream of the Project area will enable the downstream residents to enjoy a stable water supply for their agriculture and aquaculture activities. 3.2.18 Resettlement and Land Acquisition No resettlement will be required and no land will be permanently acquired. 100 ha of land will be temporarily acquired; compensation will be paid" and there will be no impact of permanent land acquisition on environmental resources of the Sub-Project Area. The effects of temporary land acquisition are assessed as litigable by restoring the landscapes to their original condition after it has been used. 3.2.19 Fisheries Assessment: Positive Effects on Fisheries * The effects on fisheries will be affected to the extent that effects on surface water hydrology (Section 3.2.2) and surface water quality (Section 3.2.4) are affected. . There are no aquaculture activities in the Project area (neither pond nor cage aquaculture). fn I I nwi tho r y- nt of nfrra Nn 22/1998/ND-CP d ated 24 Aoril. 1998 3.2.20 Transportation and Navigation Assessment: No Effects on Transportation Insignificant Effects on Navigation The expected effects of the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works are: - The shorter navigation route between the Vu Gia River and Thu Bon River via the New Quang Hue River will disappear with the backfilling of the New Quang Hue River. - This will be mostly offset by re-opening of the Old Quang Hue River in the dry season, although the navigation distance is greater than it currently is along the New Quang Hue River. However, this will simply be a restoration to pre-2000 conditions; and - Navigation capacity in the Vu Gia River and Thu Bon River downstream of the Old Quang Hue River will be restored to pre-2000 conditions. 3.2.21 Tourism Resources Assessment: No Effects on Tourism Resources G There is no tourism conducted in the Project area and so Phase 2 of the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works will have no effects on tourism resources. 3.2.22 Historic and Cultural Resources Assessment: No Effects on Historic and Cultural Resources o There are no designated historic and cultural resources in the Project area. The exception to this is the new temple that local residents erected at the beginning of the New Quang Hue River after the events of 2000. This temple is some distance away from the area to be backfilled (Figure 6) and so it will not need to be moved. The obvious importance of the temple to the residents of Village No. 9 requires that great care be taken during construction (storage of materials, etc.) so as to not disturb or damage the temple site. 4: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN This Chapter presents the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works. The purpose of the Qua.ng Hue-Vu Gia EMP is to provide clear guidance on how to ensure the Sub- Project: . complies with Vietnamese environmental laws, environmental commitments, and IDA environment policies throughout pre-construction, construction, and operation phases; . employs a suitable organizational framework for environmental protection throughout pre-construction, construction, and operation; . manages and monitors mitigation measures described in the MoNRE and IDA-approved EIA report; . can provide emergency response mechanisms to unanticipated environmental issues; . allocates appropriate financial resources to implement the EMP; and . undertakes the transition in environmental management and protection from the first to the second phase of investments. To achieve these objectives, the EMP contains: * the Vietnamese legal and administrative framework under which the EIA will be approved and the EMP will be implemented; . IDA's EIA approval requirements; . significant adverse environment impacts that are anticipated in all phases of the first and second phase of investments - pre-construction; construction; and operation - and a mitigation program for impact avoidance, minimization, rectification, or compensation; . a program to monitor the performance and effectiveness of the mitigation program; . a monitoring program to assess the overall environmental effects of the Sub-Project on the environmental resources of the Sub-Project area and the associated area of influence; . An organizational framework for the effective implementation of the mitigation and monitoring programs, including: collection of environmental information related to the Sub-Project, management, and reporting; project management decisions on the environment; implementation of project management decisions; and external review of EMP activities. This organizational framework contains implementation arrangements, implementation schedule, and responsibilities for the EMP; . EMP reporting requirements; . a programmatic framework which specifies how the specific mitigation and monitoring activities associated with the second phase of investments are to be designed in detail and implemented during overall VWRAP implementation; . cost estimates for each component of the EMP; . requirements for technical assistance to support implementation of the Environmental Management Plan including supervision of mitigation and monitoring and training. The EMP is the 'master document' from which all other environment-related project documents and actions are guided. This includes construction method statements, tender documents, contractor specifications, general conditions of construction contract, site environmental management plans, ToRs for environmental specialists, and allocation of budgets for environmental protection and monitoring. If an ambiguity exists on how to deal with environmental issues in any project documents or activities, the EMP shall serve as the authoritative reference document. Any major changes to the Project or the legal and administrative frameworks that it operates under may require that MARD provide addenda to the EMP. These addenda should be reviewed and approved by MoNRE. 4.1 Vietnamese Leaal and Administrative Frameworks 4.1.1 The Le2al Framework for Environmental Manaaement Viet Nam's framework for environmental management continues to rapidly evolve, with new policies being produced every year. This section introduces the Viet Nam's relevant environmental polices. Law on Protection of the Environment (LEP) was enacted in 1993. The LEP: - Identifies the responsibilities of the state centre, provinces, organizations and individuals to prevent and remedy environmental deterioration and pollution and carry out specified environmental Drotection- , .. . .' , _ - Provides for the development of environmental standards and submission of environmental impact assessment reports on new and existing facilities; - Provides for responsible parties to pay compensation for environmental damage; - Establishes the right of individuals and organizations to petition for enforcement of environmental regulations; - Calls for civil and criminal penalties for violations; and - Encourages international environmental co-operation. Decree 175/CP was promulgated in 1994 to guide implementation of the LEP and provides broad guidelines for division of responsibility among Ministries; environmental impact assessments; pollution prevention and disaster control; sources of finance; and environmental inspections and standards. Circular No. 490 was promulgated in 1998 to provide guidance on setting up and appraising environmental impact assessment reports for investment projects. The Circular identifies the legal requirements according to the stages of implementation of a project and its category; defines the content of project subject to the EIA procedures; and specifies management of the EIA report appraisal. To supplement the above policies a large range of decisions, regulations, and standards may also be considered: Decree 2412000/ND-C specifies the implementation on the Law on Foreign Investment in Viet Nam (Article 82) concerning environmental protection as follows: 1) enterprises with foreign investment capital and joint ventures are obligated to observe regulations, satisfy standards in environment protection, and comply with Vietnam legislation on environment protection; 2) if investors apply intemational advanced environmental standards these standards should be registered with MoNRE. Resolution No. 511997/QH10 identifies projects of national importance to be approved and decided by the National Assembly (Provision 2, Article 2) as "projects which result in major or potentially serious impacts on the environment". For these projects, one of the contents to be submitted to the National Assembly for approval and decision on investment is 'fundamental issues that need to be solved in the project implementation: environment protection, population movement/resettlement..." Decree 52/1999/ND-CP was appended to include environmental considerations for construction management as follows: 1) for PFS, Provision 3 of Article 23 stipulates that requirements for environment study relating to the "selection of construction sites, estimation of land use area needed, in ways which comply to the principle of minimizing land use and environmental and social impacts, and resettlement to the lowest possible level". 2) Provisions 4 and 7 of Article 24 stipulate that FS must propose "specific site options (or regions, routes) which much match with construction plans (including documents on site selection, together with proposed solutions for minimizing environmental and social impacts)," and "architectural alternatives, construction solutions, preliminary designs suggested for selection, environment management and protection solutions". 3) For technical design: Section B, Provision 1, Article 37 and Section A, Provision 2, Article 38, contain regulations on appraisal and approval of "techniques for the protection of environment and ecology; for prevention and combating of explosion and fire and for occupational safety and industrial sanitation." Decree 26/1996/CP provides regulations on the punishment of administrative violation of Environmental Protection Law. Chapter 1 describes the general provisions for punishment under the Environment Protection Law. Chapter 2, Article 6 details recommended punishments for parties who violate environmental pollution and prevention act. These punishments include financial penalties for not submitting an EIA report. Tieu Chaun Viet Nam (TCVN) are national standards established by MoNRE and applied to all government agencies. They include engineering, construction, scientific, and environmental standards. The environmental standards include acceptable limits of many air, noise, and water quality parameters. In general, the list of biophysical parameters is broad enough such that most monitoring programs can employ TCVN standards as metrics of evaluation. There are some exceptions - of most importance to the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works, sediment, soil, and vibration standards do not yet exist. Most TCVN standards are direct translations of ISO standards. 4.1.2 The Administrative Framework for Environmental Nlanagement The country's administrative framework is undergoing substantial restructuring. The Government of Viet Nam is in the process of creating a new administrative framework for environmental management. For the Quang Hue- Vu Gia River Cohtrol Works, the framework's relevant institutions are as follows: Minictnr of Npt,ir,l RPontjrre- nnd Environment (MONRE). MONRE was established bv a Prime Ministerial Decision on November 11, 2002. This new ministry will include four vice-ministers and 16 departments. The new MoNRE will merge numerous departments from several national agencies. These are outlined in Decree 91/2002/ND-CP: Providing for the functions, duties, powers and organizational structure of the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment. Environmental Impact Assessment and Appraisal Department. This Department is under MoNRE. According to Decree 91/2002/ND-CP, the Department's function includes: To appraise environmental impact assessment reports of projects and of business and production establishments; to issue environmental standards; and to carry out uniform management of the issue and revocation of certificates of eligibility of environmental standards in accordance with the law. It is expected that the Environmental Impact Assessment and Appraisal Department will be guided by the Vietnam's established regulatory framework. Provincial Departments of Science. Technology and Environment (DoSTE). The Environmental Management Division (EMD) of each provincial DoSTE is responsible for ensuring environmental protection and management of provincial matters in accordance with LEP, Decree 175, and Circular 490. The decision to restructure DoSTEs will likely occur in 2003, after decisions have been made on how to restructure MONRE at the central level. It is expected that regardless as to where EMD is housed, its environmental protection function will remain intact. For this reason, the EMD will likely remain a key partner to the successful monitoring and implementation of the Project. 4.1.3 Vietnamese Environmental Requirements MARD is required to submit a detailed EIA report to MoNRE's Environmental Impact Assessment and Appraisal Department. The format for the detailed EIA report format is found in Appendix II of CP 175. MARD is required to submit this report with CP 490's Annex IV.I: Application forAppraisal of EIA Report. Once the report is received, MoNRE will establish a committee to review and evaluate the project's potential impacts and mitigation measures. The committee traditionally includes DoSTE and/or PC representatives from the affected provinces, senior technical experts from central-level organizations, and selected MoNRE staff. The committee will review the detailed EIA and provide written comments to MoNRE. According to Section III (5) of CP 490, appraisal of the EIA report is due within 60 days of the date a sufficient and eligible document of the EIA report is received by the relevant Government Management Agencies of Environmental Protection. In case that the EIA report is unsatisfactory, the EIA report appraisal agencies have 5 days of the date the EIA report is received to notify the proponent requirements for adjustment or addition. Within 10 days following the date of the EIA report is approved, the relevant appraisal agencies will issue a decision on the approval of the EIA report of a proposed project. The format for a MoNRE decision on EIA reports is found in Annex V of CP 490. An original copy of this decision is the clearest indication that a project has been subject to a legally-sanctioned environmental assessment process. 4.2 IDA Environmental Requirements IDA considers this project as 'Category A" ("projects with significant adverse environmental impact'). The EIA will be submitted to the appropriate IDA department for review and to the IDA Board of Directors at least 120 days prior to loan approval. 4.3 Institutions Responsible for Implementin2 the Ouan2 Hue-Vu Gia EMP The Quang Hue-Vu Gia EMP will be implemented within a comprehensive organizational framework under the overall VWRAP Project. VWRAP will engage several ministries, departments, and institutes, it will create a project management unit within MARD in Ha Noi (PMU) and Sub-Project Implementation Units (SlUs) in each province, and there will be numerous linkages between these institutions and numerous other existing institutions at the national, provincial, district, and commune levels"2. The following institutions will be responsible for the successful implementation of the Quang Hue-Vu Gia Environmental Management Plan: VWRAP PMU - responsible for overall VWRAP implementation management and will contain environmental safeguard staff. VWRAP PMU will be responsible for overall quality assurance of EMP implementation. This assumes a decentralized modality for implementation and will need to be modified if a more traditional, centralized modality for Sub-Project implementation is selected. Quang Nam SIU - staffed by personnel from Quang Nam DARD and Phu Ninh IMC'3, and will be responsible for daily implementation activities of both the Phu Ninh Sub-Project and the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works. As a consequence, it will supervise and control the quality of construction and physical implementation of the Quang Hue-Vu Gia EMP. Vietnamese Environmental Regulators - MoNRE and Quang Nam DoSTE will be responsible for all regulatory reviews and approvals of the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works in accordance with the national legal framework for environmental protection and management. Quang Nam Provincial Organizations - Other Quang Nam provincial departments will have important responsibilities such as implementing specific components of the mitigation program through ensuring their particular safeguards are being properly implemented (i.e. DoCI) and providing supplementary and secondary data to assist in the implementation of the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works EMP. IDA - IDA will review the implementation of the EMP. Problems and issues that are identified will be raised to MARD as part of the regular Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works review process. Environmental Safeguard Contractors - An Environmental Safeguard Contractor will be selected from the numerous national environmental consultant organizations in Viet Nam. The Environmental Safeguard Contractor will act as general contractor for primary data collection surveys and for preparation and submission of various monitoring and assessment reports. Consultant Environmental Specialists - some of the resources of the Design and Supervision Technical Assistance under VWRAP will be used to engage environmental specialists who will take on substantial implementation tasks for the overall VWRAP EMP. They will provide guidance to the Environmental Safeguard Contractors and the Quang Nam SIU on appropriate implementation of the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works EMP. 4.4 Description of Environmental Mana2ement Plan Given the generally positive effects of the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works and only minor potential negative effects, only a very modest environmental management plan is required. 4.4.1 Environmental Mitigation Program for Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works Table 3 contains the environmental mitigation program for the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works, based on the assessment of environmental impacts contained in Chapter 3: Impact Assessment. 4.4.2 Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Pro2ram for Ouang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works The Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Program is designed to determine if the environmental mitigation measures for the Sub-Project (Table 3) are being implemented properly and are having the intended effects of avoiding, limiting, or rectifying negative environmental impacts. If mitigation compliance monitoring indicates that mitigation measures are not being implemented effectively or are not being effective, the appropriate responsible institutions will need to take corrective action. Table 4 describes the Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Program for the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works. 4.4.3 Environmental Effects Monitoring Pro2ram for Quan2 Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works No environmental effects monitoring is recommended as any negative environmental effects are expected to be temporary, lasting only during the construction period. 13 It is expected that there will be a single SIU in Quang Nam Province formed to be responsible for both the Phun Ninh Sub- Project and the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works. This is why Phu Ninh IMC is designated as a member of the Quang Nam SIU. 4.5 Reporting Requirements for Quan2 Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works EMP Table 5, Page 27 summarizes the reporting requirements for the Quang Hue-Vu Gia and the institutional responsibilities for preparing these reports. The technical and planning reports (Table 5, Page 27) will be supported by a broad range of administrative policies and contractual agreements. They include but are not restricted to: . Inception reports; . general Conditions of Contract for protection of the environment; and . site Environmental Management Plans produced by construction contractors. Both the VWRAP PMU Environmental Specialist, on behalf of the VWRAP PMU, and the Quang Nam SIU will keep an electronic and paper library of all EMP planning, technical, and administrative reports produced under this EMP. This information will be organized in a way that will be readily available for regulators, donors, government agencies, and other stakeholders as required. 4.6 Costs of Ouang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works EMP The total cost of the Quang Hue-Vu Gia Environmental Management Plan is US $5,304 (Table 2). Table 2: Detailed costs and schedule for Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works Environmental Management Plan. Environmental Mitigation Cost Item Units US $ per Unit 2Year 3 4-mentation _ 7 Total _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~~ ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~1 2_ 3_ 4 5 6 7 Detection and Clearing Unexploded Ordnance Survey and Treatment in First Investment Package communes 1000 1 _ - 1.000 Survey and Treatment in Second Investment Parkage communes 1000 _ Subtotal . 1,000 _ 1,000 Administration Fee (8% of Subtotal Costs) . 80 80 Total . 1,080 1,080 Environmental Monitoring Cost Item Mitigation Compliance Monitoring of Construction Contracts . Fees - National Safeguard Contractor days 60 4 8 8 1,186 DSA - National Safeguard Contractor days S0 4 8 8 988 Travel lump sum 500 1 1 1 1,500 Reporting, Miscellaneous 20% personnel 47 95 1,95 4 = - 237 Subtotal __ ____982 1,464 1,464 - 3,911 Administration Fee (8% of Subtotal Costs) . 79 117 117 313 Total 1,061 1,582 1,5821 4,224 TOTAL, QUANG HUE-VU GIA ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 1,061, 2,662 1,582 - 5,304 Table 3: Environmental mitigation program for Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works. MITIGATION OF EFFECTS THROUGH CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS: EFFECTS OF DREDGED AND EXCAVATED SOILS; AVOIDANCE OF CULTURAL AND HISTORIC SITES; DISRUPTION TO LOCAL COMMUNITIES FROM CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES e Surface Water Hydrology ° Surface Water Quality RESOURCES TO o Aquatic Ecosystems and Aquatic Biodiversity BE PROTECTED e Domestic and Drinking Water Supply and Quality BE PROTECTED e Populations and Communities . Economic Activities and Income * Cultural and Historic Resources MITIGATION * Develop terms and conditions to be included in construction contracts to avoid or minimize the effects of construction activities on important environmental resources in the Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works and associated area of DESCRIPTION influence (see Table 3 below, under Construction Phase for details of terms and conditions to be included) PHASE . Pre-Construction TARGETS * Approved set of terms and conditions included in all construction contracts REQUIRED e No monitoring required at this time RESPONSIBILrTIES . Quang Nam SIU will have primary responsibility for developing required terms and conditions FOR e Consultant Environmental Specialists will provide technical assistance to Quang Nam SIU in preparing these terms and IMPLEMENTATION conditions REPORTING REQUIREMENTS O none MITIGATION COSTSGTO (U Part of detailed design costs for Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works MITIGATION OF RISKS FROM UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE RESOURCES TO . Populations and Communities BE PROTECTED . Infrastructure, Local Facilities MITIGATION e Carry out UXO detection survey in all areas of unproductive/unused land that is going to be disturbed from construction DESCRIPTION activities or civil works that will require excavation to below 2 m depth and safely remove all ordnance prior to construction. PHASE . Pre-Construction TARGETS O No injuries or deaths caused by UXO detonation during construction MONITORING . No monitoring is required RESPONSIBILITIES RESPONSIBILITIES O Ministry of Defence will be responsible for implementing this component of the mitigation program. They have undertaken IMPLEMENTATION similar activities for other infrastructure projects in Viet Nam. IMPLEMENTATION REQUIREMENTS e Ordnance Survey and Treatment Completion Report to be submitted by Ministry of Defence contractors COSTS (US S 1,080 - Please see Table 2, Page 24 for detailed description of costs and implementation schedule. MITIGATION OF EFFECTS OF DREDGED AND EXCAVATED SOILS . Soils RESOURCES TO v Sedimentation and Erosion BE PROTECTED * Surface Water Quality . Aquatic Ecosystems and Aquatic Biodiversity . Use of the construction area at the site should be strictly delineated and controlled. . If possible, remove topsoil before starting construction activities. Remove topsoil under the future stockpile. Separate topsoil stockpiles and earth stockpile to avoid mixing both soils. Create small stockpiles with topsoil (less than 2 meters high) in order to conserve its characteristics for future use after the construction works MITIGATION . Where possible, used dredged and excavated soils in engineerng works such as road foundations. Identify and clearly DESCRIPTION delineate stockpiles for storage of excavated soils where required. Ensure stockpiles are a suitable distance from surface water sources. * Ensure compensation is provided for stockpile acquisition. e Remove topsoil under stockpile sites before starting construction activities. Separate topsoil stockpiles and earth stockpiles to avoid mixing. Create small stockpiles with topsoil (less than 2 m high) MITIGATION O Construct sedimentation basins to capture water coming from pumping activities and runoff from stockpiles. Maintain DESCRIPTION, sedimentation basins in good working condition. CONTINE . Rehabilitate all agricultural and other land affected by construction activities associated with engineering civil works to pre- CONTINUED construction conditions Table 3: Environmental mitigation program for Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works., continued. MITIGATION OF EFFECTS OF DREDGED AND EXCAVATED SOILS, CONTINUED PHASE . Construction . best practices" implemented according to specifications. MITIGATION O No soil dumped outside of approved disposal areas. TARGETS O Borrow pits in environmentally suitable locations, sites re-vegetated to pre-construction conditions at end of construction . 100% of agricultural land rehabilitated and 100% of damaged roads rehabilitated REQUIRED e Compliance monitoring will be required to ensure mitigation targets are met RESPONSIBILITIES O Mitigation measures to be implemented as terms and conditions of construction contracts. Quang Nam SIU will be FOR responsible for preparng terms and conditions with technical assistance from the Consultant Environmental Specialists. a Construction contractors will be responsible for implementing the mitigation measures according to contract terms and IMPLEMENTATION conditions. REPORTING T Reporting on compliance with mitigation measures to be part of compliance monitoring activities COSTS (US S . Costs for mitigation measures are included as part of construction contract costs. MITIGATION TO AVOID DISRUPTION TO CULTURAL AND HISTORIC SITES BE PROTECTED e Cultural and Historic Resources * All mitigation regarding cultural and historic sites to be implemented in accordance with IDA Operational Policy 11.03 - Cultural Property MITIGATION . Locate construction facilities (worker camps, etc.) to avoid permanent alienation of important cultural or historic sites DESCRIPTION e Where possible, locate engineering civil works to avoid permanent alienation of important cultural or historic sites o Mark and fence off important cultural and historic sites that are adjacent or near to construction facilities and engineering civil works to prevent damage . Construction contractors to include plan for avoidance of cultural and historic sites as part of their technical bids PHASE . Construction MrrIGATION TARGETS o All cultural and historic sites within the Sub-Project remain intact and in the same condition as prior to construction REQUIRE: O Compliance monitorng will be required to ensure mitigation targets are met RESPONSIBILITIES * Mitigation measures to be implemented as terms and conditions of construction contracts. Quang Nam SIU will be FOR responsible for preparing terms and conditions with technical assistance from the Consultant Environmental Specialists. IMPLEMENTATION . Construction contractors will be responsible for implementing mitigation measures according to terms and conditions. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS - Reporting on compliance wth mitigation measures to be part of compliance monitorng activities MITIGATION U Costs for mitigation measures are included as part of construction contract costs. MITIGATION OF POSSIBLE DISRUPTION TO LOCAL COMMUNITIES FROM CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES RESOURCES TO . Populations and Communities BE PROTECTED . Infrastructure, Local Facilities . All vehicles must meet noise and air emission national standards. MITIGATION * Households, outside construction Right-of-Way ROW (inside is included in the RP) which have suffered damage from road DESCRIPTION construction or road traffic impact should be compensated. * Speed limits must be enforced on permanent and temporary roads. PHASE . Construction MITIGATION . No injuries or death to Sub-Project caused by construction activities TARGETS . Households outside of ROW are adequately compensated for disturbance caused by road traffic, other construction activities . All inquiries and any complaints from local residents are promptly and properly dealt with by construction contractors. MONITORING . Compliance monitoring will be required to ensure mitigation targets are met RESPONSIBILITIES . Mitigation measures to be implemented as terms and conditions of construction contracts. Quang Nam SIU will be FOR responsible for preparing terms and conditions with technical assistance from the Consultant Environmental Specialists. I Construction contractors will be responsible for implementing the mitigation measures according to contract terms and IMPLEMENTATION conditions. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS * Reporting on compliance with mitigation measures to be part of compliance monitoring activities MITIGATION U Costs for mitigation measures are included as part of construction contract costs. Table 4: Environmental Mitigation Compliance Monitoring Program. MITIGATION OF EFFECTS THROUGH CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS: EFFECTS OF DREDGED AND EXCAVATED SOILS; AVOIDANCE OF CULTURAL AND HISTORIC SITES; DISRUPTION TO LOCAL COMMUNITIES FROM CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES . supervision of construction contractors during construction activities and reporting on their compliance with the environmental terms and conditions contained in their contracts . synoptic reports will be prepared for each construction contractor visit. These will be integrated into a monthly summary report that will be submiKted to Quang Nam SIU. . A twice-yearly Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works Performance Monitoring Report, summarizing construction MITIGATION PERFORMANCE contractor performance in the previous six months, will be prepared and submitted to Quang Nam SIU. MONITORING ACTIVITIES . All monthly summary reports and the twice-yearly Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works Performance Monitoring Report will also be sent to VWRAP-PMU * Annual compliance monitoring results will be integrated into the annual Quang Hue-Vu Gia River Control Works Environmental Monitoring Report . Design of the reporting formats and supervision procedures will be completed dunng the Pre-Construction (Detailed Design) Phase . An appropriate Environmental Safeguard Contractor will be engaged to conduct supervision visits to construcbon RESPONSIBILITIES FOR sites, and prepare mifigation performance monitoring reports described above. Supervision visits will be MITIGATION PERFORMANCE conducted with technical supervision staff of Quang Nam SIU to provide on-the-job training. MONITORING . Consultant Environmental Specialists will assist in design of the reporting formats and supervision procedures during the Pre-Construction (Detailed Design) Phase. TOTAL ESTIMATED COST 4,224 - Please see Table 4 for detailed description of costs and implementation schedule. (US$)___________________________________ __ Table 5: Reporting requirements for the Quang Hue-Vu Gia EMP. RResponsibility for Preparation Frequency Institutions for Review and Report Approval Reports Prepared Once During EMP Implementation Ordnance SurveyandTreatmentCompletionOnce, during first year of iQuang Nam PPC, VWRAP PMU, rdnance Survey and Treatment Completion Ministry of Defence Contractor VWRAP implementation, prior IDA, MARD, Quang Nam DoSTE,, Po initiation of construction jDai Cuong Commune Regular Reports During EMP Implementation Quang Hue-Vu Gia Sub-Project Mitigation Environmental Safeguard Compliance urGraeSu RePoject MitG Contractor supported by Consultant Monthly Quang Nam SIU oompliance Progress Report |Environmental Specialists Quang Hue-Vu Gia Sub-Project Environmental Safeguard Annual durng construction Quang Nam SIU, VWRAP PMU Environmental Mitigation Compliance Contractor supported by Consultant period IDA, MARD, Quang NamlDoSTE Monitoring Report Environmental Spcait ANNEX 1: TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONSULTING SERVICES FOR VWRAP EIA CONSULTANT BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1. The Government of Vietnam (GOVN) has requested a Credit from the International Development Association (IDA) to help finance the proposed Vietnam Water Resources Assistance Project (VWRAP). In order to carry out VWRAP preparation, the GOVN through the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) has obtained a PHRD grant from the Japanese Government to procure the consultancy services. VWRAP is scheduled for IDA appraisal in mid-2003. The Central Project Office (CPO) under MARD will lead the overall coordination for VWRAP preparation and manage the grant. It will enter a contract with the Consultant to undertake the services specified herein. 2. VWRAP has three components: (1) Integrated Development of the Thu Bon Basin; (2) Irrigation Modernization; and (3) Dam Safety Management. VWRAP is classified as a "Category A" environmental project, requiring an independent EIA report per IDA requirements. Preparation of the overall project is being done under another contract. The consultants responsible for overall VWRAP preparation are referred to as the 'Consultant". The consultant responsible for executing this TOR is referred to as the "EIA Consultant", which includes an EIA international expert and a local EIA team, to complete the scope of work mentioned hereafter at the section of scope of work for the EIA consultant. 3. Some attached reference documents provide a comprehensive description of the VWRAP physical investments (i.e. subprojects) and should be considered an integral part of this TOR. The EIA Consultant and the Consultant are required to work together to integrate the EIA into the project's technical, economic, financial, social, and institutional analyses. The Consultant will carry the primary burden for collecting and analyzing environmental information, holding consultations, and producing an environmentally sound project. The Consultant will provide the EIA Consultant with technical analyses, reports, and engage in technical discussions with the EIA team on engineering analysis, etc. The role of the EIA Consultant is to work with the Consultant to help manage the EIA process, provide specialized environmental analysis where required, and independently produce an EIA report. The specific scope of work is presented below. 4. Component 1 of VWRAP is less well-defined at this time and,subprojects in the Thu Bon Basin will be identified/confirmed during the formulation of the Thu Bon Integrated Basin Plan (TIBP). Possible subprojects in the Thu Bon Basin include: flood protection works, modernization of water delivery and drainage systems, small storage facilities for local irrigation, mini- hydropower generation, rural water supply, upper watershed management, improvement of flood preparedness and warning, etc. Total estimated investment cost of these sub-projects is around US$20 million. 5. Under Components 2 and 3 of VWRAP, the subprojects are relatively well defined: i) Dau Tieng-mainly in Tay Ninh province), ii) Ke Go-Ha Tinh province, iii) Cam Son-Cau Son-Bac Giang province, iv) Da Ban in Khanh Hoa province; and v) Yen Lap in Quang Ninh province. The schemes range in size from 10,000-50,000 ha with investment needs estimated to be on the order of $5-20 million for each scheme. Infrastructure investments include: remedial dam safety works and possible installation of micro-hydropower plants; canal lining and improved water distribution systems; rehabilitation of pumping stations; etc. IL OVERALL SCOPE OF WORK FOR THE EIA CONSULTANT expected to screen and rank the most pressing environmental impacts. e Water availability, basin water balances, and water use rights, water quality due to sedimentation, runoff and the use of agricultural chemicals • Dam safety e Downstream impacts from reservoirs and irrigation schemes, 3 Effects of water abstraction, flood control and salinity control structures on: aquatic ecology, particularly fish resources, hydrology including groundwater recharge and water quality, plant and animal ecology. * Involuntary resettlement and project affected people, including impacts on indigenous people. o Impacts of resettlement on the environment eg. forest cutting or wetland encroachment, new agricultural practice and livelihood patterns, land tenure • Impacts on cultural property Impacts on natural habitats and nature reserves * Construction impacts, including: construction camps, disposal of dredged material, road safety, etc. 7. The EIA Consultant will help manage the EIA process and prepare an Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for VWRAP. The EIA will meet IDA requirements for Environmental 'Category A" projects (OP 4.01 "Environmental Assessment" and associated annexes) and be in compliance with all Vietnamese laws and regulations. 8. The scope of work for the EIA Consultant is limited to ElAs for the investment subprojects only, meaning 5 subprojects in the component 2 and priority investment subprojects in Thu Bon river basin, and not the TIBP. (The TIBP can be considered a regional environmental study by itself.) The EIA Consultant will prepare a separate EIAIEMP for each subproject, which will then be merged into one final EIA report. The Consultant shall be the main source of information. The EIA Consultant may also request the Consultant (or request MARD to direct the Consultant if necessary) to collect additional information or, if more expedient and within the budget of the EIA Consultant, collect the information itself. The EIA shall cover the issues below, and other relevant matters. 9. Policy, legal and administrative framework. Review policy, legal, and administrative framework within which the EIA is carried out at the national and provincial levels. This includes, among other topics: environmental quality, water resources, dam safety, health and safety, protection of sensitive areas, protection of endangered species, siting, land use control, resettlement, protection of cultural property etc. 10. Define the Project and its Area of Influence: Define the proposed subproject and its geographic, ecological, social, and temporal context, including any off-site investments that may be required (i.e., access roads, construction camps, product storage facilities, sediment disposal areas, etc.). Ascertain the need for plans for resettlement, project affected people, or indigenous peoples. Develop maps showing the project site and the project's area of influence. 11. Collect Baseline Data: Assess the dimensions of the study area and describe relevant physical, biological, and socio-economic conditions, including any changes expected before the project commences. Also take into account current and proposed development activities within the project area,.but not directly connected to the project. Data should be relevant to decisions about project location, design, operation, or mitigatory measures. The accuracy, reliability, and sources of data should also be assessed. 12. Assess Environmental Impacts: Predict and assess the project's likely positive and negative impacts, including possible cumulative impacts, in quantitative terms to the extent possible. Identify mitigation measures and residual impacts that can not be mitigated. Explore opportunities for environmental enhancements. Identify and estimate the extent and quality of available data, key data gaps, and uncertainties associated with predictions, and specific topics which require further attention. 13. Analyze Project Altematives: Systematically compare feasible alternatives to the proposed project site, technology, design, and operation including the "without project" situation-in terms of their potential environmental and social impacts; the feasibility of mitigating these impacts, their capital and recurrent costs, suitability under local conditions, and their institutional, training, and monitoring requirements. For each of the alternatives, quantify the environmental impacts to the extent possible, and attach economic values where feasible. State the basis for selecting the particular project design proposed. 14. Environmental Management Capabilities. This would include issues relating to assessment of the existence, role and capability of environmental units on-site, or at the agency and ministry level, potential participation of project affected people in project implementation, local mass organisations, NGOs and/or academic institutions, and the role of the local population in maintaining the existing ecosystems. Based on these findings, recommendations should be made concerning the establishment and/or expansion of such units, and the training of staff, to the point that EIA recommendations can be implemented. 15. Public Consultation and Disclosure: The EIA Consultant is expected, in conjunction with the Consultant, to plan, manage, and document the consultation and disclosure process. The Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan will be approved by MARD and should contain information on how stakeholders will be identified, key consultation points, objectives of the consultation, level of consultation, consultation techniques and methodology, and timetable. The Consultant will be requested to prepare necessary material to facilitate the consultations. The World Bank Environmental Assessment Sourcebook (Update 26, May 1999 'Public Consultation in the EIA Process") provides guidelines and techniques for effective consultation. The EIA Consultant, in conjunction with the Consultant, will also consult with affected groups throughout project implementation as necessary to address EIA-related issues. The disclosure of the EIA reports as required by the OP 4.01 and BP 17.50, should be approved by MARD in agreement with MOSTE, which is in charge of EIA appraisal. 16. The Consultant will organize, in conjunction with the EIA Consultant and with the assistance of the [MC and Provincial authorities, at least two stakeholder consultation meetings for each subproject. The Consultant will cover the costs of the consultations. The first consultation should take place to discuss the conceptual approach to scheme improvements and the scope of work for the EIA, and the second consultation should review the Draft Final Feasibility Study/EIA. The Consultant shall cover the costs of these consultations. The Consultant shall cover the costs of these workshops. Relevant stakeholders should be invited to both workshops including: MARD officials, provincial authorities, IMC officers, local mass organizations, NGOs and/or academic institutions, farmer representatives, etc. per the Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan. 17. Environmental Management Plan: An EMP shall be prepared which consists of the set of mitigation, monitoring, and institutional measures to be taken during construction and operation to eliminate environmental and social impacts, off-set them, or reduce them to acceptable levels. The plan also includes the actions necessary to implement these measures. Specifically: 18. Mitigation: Identify feasible and cost-effective measures that may reduce potentially significant adverse environmental impacts to acceptable levels. The plan should include compensatory measures if mitigation measures are not feasible, cost-effective, or sufficient. The proposed mitigation measures should include technical details and an implementation plan for each mitigation measure and describe linkages with other mitigation plans (e.g., involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples, cultural property, etc.) required for the project. 19. Monitoring: The monitoring program should provide information about key environmental issues and the effectiveness of mitigation measures during project construction and operation. The objectives and types of monitoring should be identified with clear linkages to the impacts assessed in the EIA and the mitigation measures described in the EMP. The monitoring program should provide a set of monitoring indicators, specify descriptions, technical details, and reporting procedures. Monitoring reports should also be submitted to the local -A .-. ...--.,:, ,_I -., ;fin^ ()ClTrc! InHcnonnrAnt on%irmnmnntn1 mnnitnrinn ic nnt nPrc.Pqrv in general, but environmental monitoring should be a part of the project monitoring to be carried out by a sub-contractor to the Consultant. Independent environmental monitoring could be undertaken if required by the local authorities under certain circumstances. 20. Capacity Development and Training: The EMP draws upon the EIA's assessment of the existence, role, and capability of environmental unites on site or at the agency and ministry level. If necessary, recommend the establishment or expansion of such units, and the training of staff, to allow implementation of EIA recommendations. The EMP shall provide a description of the institutional arrangements-who is responsible for carrying out the mitigatory and monitoring measures (e.g., operation, supervision, enforcement, monitoring of implementation, financing, reporting and staff training). 21. Implementation Schedule and Cost Estimates: For all three aspects (mitigation, monitoring, and capacity development) the EMP shall provide (a) an implementation schedule for measures that must be carried out as part of the project, showing phasing and coordination with overall project implementation plans; and (c) capital and recurrent cost estimate and sources of fund for implementing the EMP. These figures should be integrated into the total subproject cost tables. 111. SCOPE OF WORK FOR THE INTERNATIONAL EIA EXPERT 22. The international expert is responsible to coordinate with the local EIA consultant team (composing expert/specialist in the Table 1) to complete the General Scope of Work for the EIA Consultant. More particularly, the international expert will have following responsibilities: * To take the position of the EIA consultant team leader and will coordinate all activities of the EIA consultant team; * To review all data and information that were collected and processed by the local EIA consultant team and reasonably propose to the local team further needed data and information collections; * To guide the local EIA consultant team to co-prepare draft EIA reports; and * With the close assistance by the local EIA consultant team, the international expert will complete and submit final EIA reports, which have to be acceptable by both MARD and IDA, for all investment subprojects. IV. SCOPE OF WORK FOR THE LOCAL EIA TEAM 23. The local team is responsible to assist and coordinate with the international EIA expert to complete the General Scope of Work for the EIA Consultant. More particularly, the local team will have following responsibilities: . Based on data and information provided by the VWRAP Consultant and requirements for preparation of the EIA reports for investment subprojects, the local EIA consultant team will carry out further data and information collections, surveys, and investigations, if required. To be responsible for data inputs, data analyses and processes. Both primary and processed data will be conveyed to the international expert; * With the guidance by the international expert, co-prepare and submit draft EIA reports for investment subprojects. Assist the International EIA consultant to complete final EIA reports, which have to be acceptable by both MARD and IDA, for all investment subprojects; and To be liaison between the international EIA expert and local related agencies. *~~~^~ f t 11' NI-r -- CC Ikwft AZ WIT T Url^ C I1 IDRAI CCI MI AC P DUDAPTq 24. EIA Consultant Team Profile. It is expected that the EIA Consultant team will compose an international expert with experience preparing international-level EIA reports as the team leader and a local team. Table 1 contains suggested areas of expertise for national/experts, and qualifications of key staff. The EIA Consultant may propose alternative staffing to match the proposed lines of action. Under no circumstance does acceptance of the staffing list in Table 1 release the EIA Consultant from any responsibility under these TOR. 25. Reports. Final EIA reports for all investment subprojects are to be submitted to MARD and IDA by February, 2003. The number of EIA reports to be submitted and schedule for report submission are in Table 2. The international EIA expert will bear all the cost for the reproduction of the English version of EIA report, whereas the local EIA team will be responsible for the reproduction of the Vietnamese version of the EIA reports. The local EIA consultant team will have to make sure that the meanings of the Vietnamese version of EIA reports are matched with their English version. Electronic copies of all reports should be provided to both MARD and IDA, to the extent possible. Note: The EIA Consultant shall reach agreement with the Consultant and MARD during project implementation on how best to package the feasibility studies (FS), resefflement action plans (RAPs), management plans (MPs), and ElAs for each investment subproject. MARD will make extra copies of reports as required for consultation/workshop purposes. VI. INPUTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT 26. GoVN Input, Data and Coordination Arrangement. MARD, through CPO, will be the project coordinating unit. The CPO will coordinate with participating Ministries, agencies, and provincial authorities to provide counterpart inputs, and arrange review and participate in discussions with the EIA Consultant on issues related to the assignment. It will facilitate and assign counterpart staff to assist the EIA Consultant in obtaining necessary visas, authorizations and access to facilities for carrying out the services. It will make available to the EIA Consultant all existing aerial photographs, maps, studies, plans, reports, drawings and information relevant to the execution of this assignment within the MARD. IDA will assist the GOVN in (i) supervision of PHRD grant implementation; (ii) VWRAP preparation; and (iii) liaison with other donors. 27. The international EIA expert will receive and inherit the EIA inception/ scoping report which was prepared by the previous international EIA expert in association with the local EIA consultant team. VII. GUIDANCE TO EIA CONSULTANTS 28. The EIA Consultant will be based in Hanoi (unless otherwise agreed-upon with MARD), and will be provided by the Government with an office, preferably shared with the Consultant. The EIA Consultant will pay its costs for local transport, operational costs, office equipment (tel./fax/copying), secretarial support, required office equipment and supplies, translation and printing/copying. The EIA Consultant will submit the following items to the Government: (i) licensed copies of all proprietary computer software used together with manuals; (ii) copies of all software developed under the consultancy assignment in magnetic form, together with source listing and full documentation; (iii) satellite imagery and maps procured and used; (iv) copies of all data used in magnetic form and hard copy; and (v) complete description of all methodologies used and the assumptions made. Table 1: Suggested Staffing Profile for the EIA Consultant Expertise International (mm) Local (mm) Environmental Expert 3.5 6 Environmental Specialist 8 Social-Resettlement Expert 3 Total 3.5 17 Environmental Expert: The international environmental expert should have at least 10 years experience preparing ElAs for water resources projects in Asia which meet the requirements of international development agencies, such as the World Bank or the Asian Development Bank. Experience in Vietnam would be a plus. The local expert should have at least 10 years experience preparing ElAs in Vietnam, with significant experience in the preparation of water resources projects for international agencies. Environmental Specialist: Should have experience in the environmental assessment of water resources projects, including dams, flood control structures, and irrigation works in Vietnam. Social-Resettlement Expert: Should have practical experience in social assessment techniques and the preparation of resettlement plans. ANNEX 2: SUMMARY OF CONSULTATIONS IN SUPPORT OF EIA PREPARATION How Results of Consultation .. Consultation Techniques HwRslso Date Participants Objectives of Consultation and Methodologies Used Consultation Were Participants and Methodologies Used Used . introduction of EIA Consultant team to and . clearer identification 1 November . Quang Nam IMC, IMC . formal meetings and of main issues for 2002 DARD, DoSTE, FPD presentation of overview secondary data review environmental 2002 DARD, DoSTE, FPD ~~and purpose of EIA aayi . scoping and identification analysis of environmental issues * Obtain detailed description of Quang Hue- . field visit to Quang Hue- 12 November Quang Nam DARD Vu Gia River Control Vu Gia River Control . continued 2002 (Water Resources works works, semi-structured identification of Office) . Obtain environmental and interviews with farmers environmental issues social information required during field visit l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for E IA