OFFICIAL USE ONLY GEF/R2004-0028/1 IDA/R2004-0252/1 October 25, 2004 Streamlined Procedure For meeting of Board: Thursday, November 11, 2004 FROM: Vice President and Corporate Secretary Senegal: Integrated Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project Project Appraisal Document Attached is the Project Appraisal Document regarding a proposed credit and a proposed grant from the Global Environment Facility Trust Fund to the Republic of Senegal for the Integrated Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project (GEF/R2004-0028 [IDA/R2004-0252]). This project will be taken up at a meeting of the Executive Directors on Thursday, November 11, 2004 under the Streamlined Procedure. Distribution: Executive Directors and Alternates President Bank Group Senior Management Vice Presidents, Bank, IFC and MIGA Directors and Department Heads, Bank, IFC and MIGA This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank Group authorization. Documentof The WorldBank FOROFFICIALUSEONLY ReportNo: 30291 PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT ONA PROPOSEDCREDIT FROMTHE INTERNATIONALDEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION INTHEAMOUNTOF SDR6.9MILLION (US$ 10MILLIONEQUIVALENT) AND PROPOSEDGRANT FROMTHE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTFACILITY TRUST FUND INTHEAMOUNT OFUS$5 MILLION TO THE REPUBLICOF SENEGAL FORAN INTEGRATEDMARINEAND COASTALRESOURCESMANAGEMENTPROJECT October 21,2004 Environmentaland Social Development (AFTS4) Country Department 14 Africa Region This documenthas a restricteddistribution andmay beusedby recipientsonly inthe performanceoftheir officialduties. Its contentsmaynot otherwise bedisclosedwithout WorldBankauthorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange RateEffective February 29,2004) Currency Unit = FrancCFA FCFA 1,000 = US$2.00 US%l.OO = SDR 0.668798 FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AFD Agence Francaise de Dtveloppement (French Development Agency) AfDB African Development Bank AFDS Agence de Financement pour le Dtveloppement Social (FundingAgency for Social Development) ANCAR Agence Nationale de Conseil Agricole et Rural (National Agricultural andRuralAdvisory Agency) ARD Agence Rtgionale de Dtveloppement (Regional Development Agency) BSAP Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan CAS Country Assistance Strategy CBNRM Community BasedNaturalResourceManagement CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CDD Convention to Combat Desertification CDD Community DrivenDevelopment CITES Convention onthe International Trade inEndangeredSpecies CLP Comitt Locaux de P2cheurs (Local FisherCommittee) CLPA Conseils Locaux deP&he Artisanale (Local Artisanal Fisheries Council) CNCPM Conseil National Consultatif des P2ches Maritimes (National Advisory Council on MarineFisheries) CNPS Collectif National des P2cheurs Artisans du Stntgal (National Uniono fArtisanal FishermeninSenegal) COGEM Comitt de Gestion des Acosyst2mes Marins (Marine EcosystemManagement Committee) CONIPAS ConseiI National Interprofesssionnel de la P2cheArtisanale au Stntgal (Interprofessional Council for Artisanal Fisheries inSenegal) COP Convention o fthe Parties (Biodiversity Convention) COREMAP Coral ReefRehabilitation and Management Project COREWAM Conservation and Researchof West AfricanAquatic Mammals CRD Comitt Rtgional de Dtveloppement (Regional Development Committee) CRODT Centre de Recherches Ocdanographiques de Dakar-Thiaroye CSRP CommissionSous-Rtgionale des P2ches (Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission) DCEF Direction de la Cooperation kconomique et Financidre (Department o f Economic and Financial Cooperation) DDI Direction de la Dette et des Investissements (Department of Debt andInvestments) DPM Direction des PEches Maritimes (Department o f Marine Fisheries) DPN Direction des Parcs Nationawc (Department o fNational Parks) DPSP Direction de la Protection et de la Surveillance des Pgches (DepartmentofFisheriesProtectionand Surveillance) ESA Environmental and Social Assessment EDF EuropeanDevelopment Fund EMP Environmental ManagementPlan EU EuropeanUnion ESW Economic and SectorWork FA0 FoodandAgriculture Organization of the UnitedNations FeNaGIE FidGration Nationale des GIE de Pgche (National Federation of Fisheries Economic Interest Groups) FENATRAMS Fediration Nationale des Transformatrices et Mareyeuses du SGnigal (National Federation o fWomen FishTransformers andWholesale FishMerchants) GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Environment Facility GIE Groupement d 'IntMt kconomique (Economic Interest Group) GIRMaC Gestion Intigrie des RessourcesMarines et C6tikres (Integrated Marine andCoastal ResourcesManagement) GRAST Groupe de Ripexion et d'Appi Scientifique et Technique (Scientific andTechnical Thinkingand Support Group) GTZ Gesellschafl fiir TechnischeZusammenarbeit (GermanAgency for Technical Cooperation) IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction andDevelopment ICB International Competitive Bidding(procurement method) ICR Implementation Completion Report IDA International Development Association IF IntegratedFramework (Technical Assistance for Trade Development inLeast Developed Countries) ISRA Institut Sinigalais de RechercheAgricole (Senegalese Institute for Agricultural Research) IUCN World Conservation Union LTWS LongTerm Water Supply Project M&E Monitoring andEvaluation MAB ManandtheBiosphere (UNESCO) MCS Monitoring, Control, and Surveillance MENP Ministry o fEnvironmentandNaturalProtection MME Ministry o f Maritime Economy MPA Marine ProtectedArea NCB National Competitive Bidding (procurement method) NEAP NationalEnvironmental Action Plan NEPAD New Partnershipfor Africa's Development NGO Non-Governmental Organization OIC Operational Implementation Cell PCU Project Coordination Unit OIC Operational Implementation Cell oms Organizationpour la Mise en Valeur dupeuve Shiga1 (Organization for the Development o f the SenegalRiver) ORSTOM Organisation de Recherche Scientzpqueet Technique Outre-Mer (now IRD) (French Organization for Overseas Scientific andTechnical Research) PADIN Projet dgminagement et Diveloppement Intigri du Ndiael This document has a restricted distribution andmay be usedby recipients only in the performance of their official duties. I t s contents may not be otherwise disclosed without World Bank authorization. (Ndiael IntegratedManagementandDevelopment Project) PCU Project Coordination Unit PDF Project Development Fund(GEF) PEF PilotEnvironment Fund PGIES Programme de Gestion Intdgrde des hosystimes du Sdndgal (Senegal IntegratedEcosystemManagement Program) PHRD JapanPolicy andHumanResources Development Fund PIM Project Implementation Manual PPF Project Preparation Facility PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper PNDS Parc National du Delta du Saloum (Saloum DeltaNationalPark) PNIM PamNational desfles de la Madeleine (Madeleine IslandsNational Park) PNLB Parc National de la Langue de Barbarie (Langue de BarbarieNational Park) PNOD Parc National des Oiseaux du Djoudj (Djoudj BirdNationalPark) PRCM Programme Rdgional de Conservation de la zone cbtibre et Marine en Afiiyue de I'Ouest (Regional MarineConservation Programfor West Africa) PSPS Projet de Protection et de Surveillance des Piches au Sdndgal (Senegal Fisheries Protection and Surveillance Program) QCBS Quality and Cost BasedSelection (procurement method) RNC Rdsewe Naturelle Conzmunautaire (Natural Community Reserve) SAED Socittd Nationale dgmdnagement et d'Exploitation des Terres du Delta du Fleuve Sdndgal (National Company for the Management and Development of SenegalRiver Delta Lands) TURF Territorial User RightsFisheries UNAGIEM Union Nationale des GIE de Mareyeurs (National Union of Wholesale FishMerchant Economic InterestGroups) UNDP UnitedNations Development Programme UNESCO UnitedNations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization UNFCCC UnitedNations Framework Convention onClimateChange VMS Vessel Monitoring System WAAME West African Association for MarineEnvironment WWF World Wide Fundfor Nature Vice President: Gobind T. Nankani Country Director: MadaniM.Tall Sector Manager: MaryBarton-Dock Task Manager: Yves Prkvost SENEGAL INTEGRATEDMARINEAND COASTALRESOURCESMANAGEMENTPROJECT CONTENTS A. Project Development Objective Page 1. Project developmentobjective 3 2. Global objective 3 3. Key performance indicators 3 B. Strategic Context 1. Sector-relatedCountry Assistance Strategy (CAS) goal supportedby the project 4 2. Mainsector issues and Government strategy 6 3. Sector issues to be addressedby the project andstrategic choices 14 C. Project DescriptionSummary 1. Project components 18 2. Key policy and institutional reforms supportedby the project 20 3. Benefits andtarget population 21 4. Institutionalandimplementation arrangements 21 D.Project Rationale 1. Project alternatives consideredandreasons for rejection 25 2. Major relatedprojects financed by the Bank andor other development agencies 26 3. Lessonslearnedandreflected in the project design 32 4. Indications ofborrower andrecipient commitment andownership 33 5. Value addedof Bank and Global support in this project 34 E.Summary Project Analysis 1. Economic 35 2. Financial 36 3. Technical 31 4. Institutional 37 5. Environmental 38 6. Social 39 7. SafeguardPolicies 41 F. SustainabilityandRisks 1. Sustainability 42 2. Critical risks 42 3. Possible controversialaspects 44 G. MainFinancingConditions 1. EffectivenessCondition 45 2. Other 45 H. Readinessfor Implementation 46 I.CompliancewithBankPolicies 46 Annexes Annex 1: ProjectDesignSummary 47 Annex 2: DetailedProjectDescription 51 Annex 3: EstimatedProjectCosts 67 Annex 4: Cost Benefit Analysis Summary, or Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Summary 68 Annex 5: Financial Summary for Revenue-EarningProjectEntities, or Financial Summary 73 Annex 6: (A) ProcurementArrangements 74 (B)FinancialManagementandDisbursementArrangements 79 Annex 7: ProjectProcessingSchedule 85 Annex 8: Documents inthe ProjectFile 86 Annex 9: Statementof LoansandCredits 87 Annex 10: Country at a Glance 89 Annex 11:Descriptionof Project Sites 91 Annex 12: IncrementalCost Analysis 104 Annex 13: OngoingProjectsandPrograms inthe CoastalZone of Senegal 109 Annex 14: Issues requiringdonor coordination 125 Annex 15: STAP Roster TechnicalReview 126 Annex 16: Letter of GIRMaC Policy 135 MAP(S) Map No. 32252 SENEGAL IntegratedMarine and CoastalResourcesManagement Project ProjectAppraisalDocument Africa RegionalOffice AFTS4 Date: October21,2004 Team Leader: Yves Andre Prevost Sector Manager: MaryBarton-Dock Sector@): General agriculture, fishing and forestry sector Country Managermirector: Madani M.Tall (100%) ProjectID: PO86480 Themets): Other environment andnaturalresources LendingInstrument: Specific InvestmentLoan (SIL) management (PI, Biodiversity (s) Global Supplemental ID: PO58367 Team Leader: Yves Andre Prevost Sector Managermirector: Mary Barton-Dock Sectorts): General agriculture, fishing and forestry sector LendingInstrument: SpecificInvestment Loan(SIL) (100%) FocalArea: B Biodiversity - Theme@): Environmentalpolicies and institutions (P) , SupplementFully Blended? Yes - - Biodiversity (P), Other environment andnaturalresources management(S) [ ] Loan [XI Credit [ ] Grant [ ] Guarantee [ ] Other: GEF For LoanslCreditslOthers: Amount (US$m):US$10million (IDA), US$5milion (GEF) ProposedTerms (IDA): StandardCredit Grace period (years): 10 Years to maturity:40 [DA SLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY 4.00 1.oo 5.00 Total: 14.00 2.49 16.49 BorrowerlRecipient: GOVERNMENT OF SENEGAL Responsibleagency: UNITh DE COORDINATION DUPROJET Unit6de CoordinationduProjet(UCP) Address: c/o Direction des ParcsNationaux Parc Zoologiqueet Forestierde Hann Dakar, SBnkgal ContactPerson: Dr.Mbarack Diop, Coordinator Tel: (221) 859 0157 Fax: (221) 832 5811 Email: biomarine@sentoo.sn OtherAgency(ies): Direction de la P&cheMaritime Address: 1, RueJoris BP289, Dakar, S6n6gal ContactPerson: Mr.NdiagaGubye, Director Tel: (221) 823 0137 Fax: (221) 821 4758 Email: ngueye@senntoo.sn Direction des Parc Nationaux Address: ParcZoologique et Forestierde Hann Dakar, S6nCgal ContactPerson: Mr,MameBallaGuhye, Director Tel: (221) 832 2309 Fax: (221) 832 2311 Email: dpn@sentoo.sn - - . I Exoectedeffectivenessdate: 02/15/2005 Expectedclosing date: 06/01/2010 I - 2 - A. Project Development Objective 1. Project development objective: (see Annex 1) The project's development objective is to increase the sustainablemanagementofmarine andcoastal resourcesinthree pilot areas by communities andthe Government. Sustainablemanagementincludes responsibleexploitation o fresourcescombined with protection of the ecosystems and ecological processes critical for their replenishment. The objective is to be achievedthrough three components: i.Managementofsustainablefisheries ii.Conservationofcriticalhabitatsandspecies iii.Programmanagement,includingmonitoringandevaluation(M&E)andcommunication 2. Global objective: (see Annex 1) The global environmental objective ofthe Project is to securethe conservation andmanagementof Senegal's marineand coastalecosystems, which are globally significant andvital to the sustained livelihoods of coastal communities. The GEF will support efforts by the DepartmentofNationalParks (Direction des Parcs Nationaux: DPN) to sustainablymanagethe network of protected areas along the coast usinganecosystem approach. 3. Key performance indicators: (see Annex 1) Performanceindicators for project outcome will be: 0 Catch per fishingeffort improvedby 10-30percent from baseline inmost community-managed fisheries targetedby the Project, by endo f Project. 0 Effectiveness o fbiodiversity managementimprovedinthe 3 pilot areasby 20 percentat mid-term review and50 percent at the end o f the Project, with the active participation o f local stakeholders. 0 Measuresto alleviate the impact o freduction infishingcapacity ratedsatisfactory by at least 75 percent o f targeted communities. The performance o f the Project outputs will be assessed through the following indicators: Management of SustainableFisheries 0 Localfisheries management sub-projects implemented in4 pilot sites within 18 months o f Project startup, and implemented inanadditional 8 pilot sites within the following 18 months. 0 60 percent of Local Fisher Committees implementing sub-projects comply with sub-project performance targets by endo fproject. 0 National managementplans for at least 2 key fisheries are prepared, and approvedby the NationalConsultative Council for Marine Fisheries. Conservation of CriticalHabitats and Species 0 Participatory assessment o f local community involvement inthe management of biodiversity inthe three pilot areas rated satisfactory at the end of the Project. 0 Management effectiveness of key endangeredspecies (marineturtles, manatees, and 5 species o fwater and sea birds) improvedby 50 percent by the end o f the Project. - 3 - 0 The Cap-Vert PeninsulaBiosphereReserveis establishedbefore Project Closing date. 0 Biodiversity andProtectedArea framework law promulgatedbefore end of Project, and is inaccordwith commitmentsassumedunderinternational conventions. Stateo fbiodiversity updatereports producedon an annual basis. Program Management, including Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E), and Communication Information sharingby Project Coordination Unit(web site, newsletter, direct requests) rated satisfactory by 75 percent of users at mid-termand at the endo f the Project. 0 The awarenessof stakeholdersinpilot areas regardingthe causes andproposedremediesto coastalandmarineresource crisis is increasedtwofoldprior to mid-termreview. 0 85 percent of quarterly and six-monthly progress reportspreparedontime. 0 Coordination subcommittees establishedwith the Senegal River Basin Project, the Protection o f the Canary Current Large MarineEcosystem (LME)Project, andthe Project to enhance the conservation of the critical network of sites requiredby migratory waterbirds on the Africdurasian Flyways. B. Strategic Context 1. Sector-related Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) goal supported by the project: (see Annex 1) Document number:25498-SE Dateof latestCAS discussion: 2003 The Bank's Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) for Senegal (Report No. 25498-SE o f March 5,2003) derives directly from Senegal's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP; Report No. 25127-SEof November 20,2002). Thus, the objectives o fthe CAS support the PRSP's pillars: (i) wealth creation, (ii) buildingandsocialservices,(iii) capacity assistance to vulnerable groups, (iv) implementation ofthe PRSP and monitoring ofits outcomes. The project is consistentwith the strategic orientations ofthe PRSPandthe CAS, most particularlythe needto "pursue the rational managementofnaturalresourcesandthe environment for sustainable development". It also fits into the Capacity buildingand social services pillar, inthat it will help develop Senegal's "natural capital" including natural resources andthe stock of biodiversity. It meets the concem expressedonpage 31o f the CAS that "rapid growth and lack o f national management capacities subjects Senegal`s coastalandmarine biodiversity to over-exploitation while posing a serious riskto the sustainability ofmarine exports". Finally, the project is includedinthe CAS'Slow case lendingprogram for FY03-FY05. la. Global Operational strategymrogram objective addressed by the project: Senegalratified the Convention on Biological Diversity inJune 1994. The proposedprogramfits well with the GEF Biodiversity Operational Strategyandsupports the objectives set out inthe Operational Program on Coastal and MarineEcosystems. It is in line with guidance from the first, secondand third Conferenceo fthe Partiesto the Convention on Biological Diversity, which stresses in situ conservation of coastal andmarine ecosystems. It specifically respondsto the Jakarta Mandateendorsedat COP2, by supporting conservation andsustainableuse ofvulnerable marine habitats and species. The conservation and sustainableuse of coastal andmarine ecosystemshave beenidentified as priorities within the national biodiversity strategy andaction plan. The proposed program recognizesthe importance o f conserving ecosystemstructuresand functions inorder to maintain,increase and diversify ecological services o f global, national andlocal benefit. This integrated approachto the management o f coastalecosystemsrepresents a strategy that promotes conservation andsustainableuse of natural - 4 - resourcesinan equitable way. The programrespondsto COP guidance invarious ways including: takinganecosystemapproachto Conservation, particularly vis-&vis fisheries andmarine biodiversity conservation; involving local communities andresourceusers, includingbuildingon local knowledge, strengtheningcommunity managementfor sustainableuse andpromotingeconomic incentives such as alternative livelihoodopportunities; strengtheninglocal andnational institutional capacity to address environmental issues, especially through developing a sustainableinstitutional and legal framework for promoting biodiversity conservation andmanagement, and favoring participatory models that devolve biodiversity decision-making andmanagementto stakeholdersat the local level; strengtheninginter-institutional, andmultiple stakeholder forums such as the national-level Biodiversity Committee, EcosystemManagementCommittees inpilot areas, andfisheries committees so as to promote the integration o fbiodiversity into fisheries policies and decisions; strengtheningregional networks for conservation and sustainableuse of marine biodiversity, such as the Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission. The proposedprogram seeks to use ProtectedAreas as developmentpoles, designing andtesting approachesthat integrate biodiversity conservation and sustainableuse concerns with poverty alleviation andsocioeconomicdevelopment. Ifsuccessful, the models developedandpilotedwill be replicated elsewhereinSenegal. The project is also aligned with GEF StrategicPriority #I: Sustainability ofProtectedAreas Catalyzing and, Priority # II:Mainstreaming biodiversity inproductionlandscapes and sectors. GEF support will significantly contribute to strengtheningthe network o f coastalprotected areas inSenegal. This will include participation of local communities residing inand aroundprotected areas incomanagement, and lead to increasedstability o f the coastalprotected areanetwork. The project will further support restructuring of the framework for biodiversitymanagement to overcome constraintsthat have limited effective managementof protected areas in Senegal. This will include the preparation of a Biodiversity andProtectedArea Act, institutionalstrengtheningofthe Departmento fNationalParks (DPN), as well as the establishment ofthe National Biodiversity Committee as the mainbody overseeingbiodiversity managementin Senegal. Institutionalstrengtheningwill further support the DPN inits revised mandate. The new Biodiversity andProtectedArea Law will integratethe principle of comanagementto provide a legal under-pinningto the defacto policy. The project will also support the sustainableutilization o f marineresources, inparticular fish resources, andhelp protect the ecological integrityofcoastal andmarineecosystems inthe larger Biosphere Reserves(some of which are proposed to be establishedunderthe project) that encompass protected areas and community nature reserves. The project will also integrate conservation priorities and sustainableuse into existing area-based fisheries managementpracticesby local fishbgcommunities. Senegalincludes over 700 kmof coastline, just South o f the Sahara desert. This coastline is under the direct influence o fthe Canary Current, one o fthe Global 200 ecoregions definedby WWF, which constitutes one o f the richest and most productive upwelling areas inthe easterntropical Atlantic Ocean. The nutrients providedby upwelling are further boostedbythe nutrient richwaters carried by the SenegalRiver. The countly's transitional positionmakes its biological diversity significant bothregionally andglobally. Senegalrepresentsthe northern limit o f distributionfor a large number o f tropical species of coastaland - 5 - marineanimalsandplants,andalso provides critical resting andwintering areas for severalPalearctic migrantbirds. Senegal's coast hostsnumerousthreatenedspecieslistedinIUCN's redlist, including43 fish species, 15 marine mammals, 5 seaturtle species, 8 speciesofbirdsand3 species ofseahorses. Major coastalhabitats include (see Annex 11for further details on Project pilot areas): 0 Floodplain depressionsand saltflats inthe deltas o fthe three major rivers (the Senegal, the Saloum andthe Casamance) that flow into the Atlantic Ocean. These depressionshost important Wintering waterfowl (Garganey, Anus querquedula; Pintail, Anus acuta; Shoveler, Anus clypeata) andwaders (most notably the Avocet, Recurvirostrata avosetta, and Ruff, Philomachuspugnax), serve as nesting sites for White Pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) and Pink Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber roseus), andfunction as nurseries or spawning ground for coastal species, including Pink Shrimp (Penaeus duorarum), mullet (7 species including the Yellow Mullet,Mugil cephalus) and Bonga Shad(Ethmalosafimbriatu). 0 The Niuyes, a series of small depressions locatedamongthe coastalsanddunes foundNorthof Dakar,whichholdahighplantbiodiversity. 0 Large expanses of mangrove forests found at the mouth of the Saloum and Casamance rivers (over 1,800 km2). Smallpatchesof mangrove subsist at the mouth o fthe SenegalRiver andon the edges o f coastallagoons south of Dakar,suchas the Somone. The mangroves host severely threatenedpopulations o f the West African Manatee (Trichechus senegalensis), the Atlantic HumpbackedDolphin (Sousa teuszii), crocodiles (Crocodilus niloticus), and evenhippopotami inCasamance. They also containhugetidal mudflats where large concentrationsofPalearctic waders feed offan abundanceo f invertebratesand shellfish (Ruff,Curlew, Numenius sp., and Godwits, Limosa sp.). They are a criticalwintering site for wintering ospreys (Pandion haliaetus). Finally, the mangrovesplay a critical role inthe life cycle o f several commercially important coastal fish species such as shrimp, mullet andbarracuda. 0 Sandy beaches,where five specieso f sea turtles are knownto nest: Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea), Green (Chelonia mydas), Loggerhead (Caretta caretta), Leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) and Hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), Small islands and sandbarsstrewn along the coast also hold large nesting colonies o f White Pelicans and Pink-backed Pelicans ( Pelecanus rufescens), Slender-billed Gull (Lams genei), Grey-headedGull, (Larus cirrocephalus), andimportant colonies o f RoyalTerns (Stemu maxima) and Caspian Terns ( Sterna caspia). 0 The Cap-Vert volcanic outcrop that stands out along the otherwise sandy coastline. The rocky shores have a distinct fishfauna, with some coralpatchesoff the Islando f GorCe. Offshore islands also harbor a colony o f Red-billed Tropicbirds (Phaeton aethereus), the only one along the coast o f West Africa. Severalcetaceans, most particularly Pilot Whales (Globicephalea macrorhynchus), Bottle-nosed Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), CommonDolphins (Delphinus delphis), and Spotted Dolphins (Stenella sp.) further offshore, populate Senegal's coastalwaters. 2. Main sector issues and Government strategy: Fishingplays a critical inSenegal's economy, contributingapproximately 2.3 percent to GDP in2002. Ifallsectorrelatedactivities suchasprocessingandmarketing are included, the grossvalue of production was approximately US$550 million, andthe domestic value addedapproximately US$370 million. Senegal's fisheries also directly or indirectly employ some 600,000 people (roughly 17 percent of the active workforce), including a total o f over 52,000 full-timeartisanal fishers. In 1999, Senegal exported roughly 124,000 tons o f fish products (over 60 percent intended for the Europeanmarket), with a commercial value of over US$300 million, representingbetween 25 and 30 percent of the - 6 - country's exports. A recent BankESWpoints out that Senegal'sfishing industrieshave experienced a spectacular cycle o f growth anddecline inthe last 30 years, with landed catches increasing from 50,000 tons in 1965 to 450,000 tons in 1997, and subsequently decreasing to less than400,000 tons in2000. A scientific conference in2002 concluded that fishing sector is ina crisis that particularly affects coastal demersal resources, such as groupers, breams, shrimp, octopus andcuttlefish, which represent the bulk of exports. Data show that the biomass o f many of the most commercially valuable species has strongly declined since the 1950s, as a result o f excessive fishing. Total catch figures mask the seriousness o f the crisis because the preferredspecies that are overfished have been replacedby less valuable species. The catch figures also do not reflect the fact that approximately 30 percent ofdemersal fish landed in Senegal now originate from Mauritania, The Gambia or Guinea Bissau. Smallpelagic species 290 Totalmarinecatch 50 353 416 463 409 395 393 370 355 Export o f fish products 91 99 103 101 119 83 78 78 The 50 percent decline incatches o f demersal species inSenegalesewaters between 1997 and 2002 has had a major impact on the economic performance o f Senegal's fisheries. Over the period 1996-2002, totalvalue added from the industrial fleet declined anestimated 37 percent, although the decline was less (16 percent) for individual vessels, inlarge part because many vessels hadbecome unprofitable and thus had stopped operating. Total value added o f the artisanal fleet fishing for demersal fish declined almost 42 percent. An important corollary ofthe decline infishresources is a decline incoastal andmarine biodiversity. Fishresources are a key element o f coastal andmarine biodiversity andexcessive fishing destabilizes the marine ecosystems, by triggering massive fluctuations inthe sue ofindividual stocks. Practices such as bottom trawling can cause dramatic declines or even threaten certain species. Animals that feed on fish such as sea turtles, dolphins and numerous birdspecies are also directly affected by the overall decline. Sharks are near extinction because o f overexploitation to satisfy the international market for their fins. The converse is that the preservation o f critical habitats, such as breeding andnursery grounds, is critical to ensuring the sustainability o f Senegal's fisheries, by serving as biological refuges from which depleted areas can be restocked. Unfortunately, many critical habitats along the coast are seriously threatened only 5 percent o f the historical nursery grounds remain accessible to marine species inthe - 7 - SenegalRiver Delta; the shores o fthe Cap-Vert Peninsula,including Senegal's only coral reefs off the IslandofGorke, areheavily pollutedby sewage; large partsofthe Baie the Ham, amajor nursery ground for marine fish, havebecome anecological wastelandbecause ofunregulated industrial pollution; most of the coastal lagoons andwetlands along the Petite CBte southo f Dakar have been severely damaged, either by filling, by development, or by the capture o ftheir fresh water for agriculture; rice agriculture is impingingon mangrove forests inCasamance; tourism development has greatly reducedavailable habitat for endangeredspecies, most notably the availability o fnesting grounds for sea turtles. Table 2. Trends inSenegal's coastalandmarine resourcessince 1960. Fisheries Biodiversity 1960s Artisanal fleet supplies local andregional market. Industrialfleet focuses on low value small Network ofNationalParks is established I 1970s pelagics. along the coast. The adoption ofnew techniquesallows artisanalfisheries to target small pelagics. Industrial fisheries abandonsmallpelagics Coastalbiodiversity decreases, as key andstart exploiting highvalue demersals. habitats are lost outside o f the National 1980s Export market surges following the Park network. appearance o f refrigerated containers. Tensionsarise withpopulations neighboring Artisanal fisheries recapture the market for the National Parks. small pelagics. Industrialfisheries maintain operations Coastalecosystemintegrity threatenedby under the cover of fishing agreements. overfishing. 1990s Artisanal fisheries gradually target shallow Nationalparksmove to comanagementwith demersalsfor the export market. Overall neighboring populations. catches surge in 1997, but have been decreasingsince. Community-based parks are created. 2.1 UnderlyingIssues (fisheries) The root causes ofthe fisheries sector'scrisis are identified ina document prepared in2002 under the umbrella o f the Integrated Framework for Technical Assistance for Trade Development inLeast Developed Countries (IF). The earlier mentionedESWthat was commissioned by the Bank on the fisheries sector inSenegal, follows up on the IF document and outlines the issues to be addressedby a sector-wide program. The mainconclusion o fthe ESW is that the current managementregime has resulted inconsiderable overcapacity inboth artisanal andindustrial fisheries. The sector will rebound only iffishing capacity is reducedto allow fish stocks to recover, and afterwards remains at a sustainable level. The ESW - a - concludes that this can only be achieved if: (i) management system is improved, (ii) management the the o f fish resources is based on increased knowledge, and (iii) governance institutions are reorganized. 2.I.I Fisheries Management System Senegal has not implementedmeasures to match fish catches with available fish resources. The Fisheries Law provides for the preparation of fisheries management plans that may set objectives for each fishery, including the total allowable catch (TAC) and the optimal fishing effort, but no planhas been prepared since the Law was adopted in 1998. Eventhen, the Law does not directly regulate artisanal fisheries, setting no limit on who can fish, where they can fish, what they can catch or how much they can catch. There is clear evidence that such ungoverned, open access fisheries are ecologically, economically, and socially unsustainable. The current system has led to an increase infishing capacity and fishing effort that exceed available resources, for both artisanal and industrial fisheries. It has also led to the concentration o f large portions o f Senegal's artisanal fisheries inthe hands o f powerful middlemen, most particularly in Mbour. Such concentration tends to increase poverty infishing communities by either marginalizing small fishing operations or converting independent fishermen to low paid employees. Boat owners have a strong interest inpreserving their access to all resources andtend to be opposed to the local fishing restrictions required to sustainably manage fish resources. Government attempts to regulate artisanal fisheries have failed because o f political resistance from these commercial interests andthe only restrictions inplace are limits on the type o f gear that can be used. The fisheries administration has not been supportive of local initiatives to limit fishing efforts. Two historical cases standout. InKayar, fishermen formed associations to improve the sustainability of the resource andto increase fish prices paidto fishermen, by controlling landings. However, the courts supportedthe open access rights o f migrantfishermen when the associations tried to regulate their activities. Similarly, fishermen inFass Boye established a surveillance committee inthe early 1990s,to improve the management o f local fisheries by deterring intruders. Industrialvessel owners went to the courts to complain about the Committee's harassment; the courts declared the Committee's activities to be illegal and it was disbanded. Senegal also sets modest administrative constraints to entry and investment into its industrial fisheries. Industrial vessels are not subjected to quotas on captures or fishing effort, although these are allowed under the Fisheries Law. Industrial licenses needonly specify the type o f vessel, spell out the allowable fishing gear, indicate target species, and designate fishing areas. Finally, the Government provides access to foreign fleets through bilateral fishing agreements, fiuther exacerbating the pressure on some fish stocks. The Government receives approximately US$20 million annually inreturn, a fraction o f the value o f the fish caught. 2.1.2 Knowledge and Research Senegal now has limited capacity to conduct large research programs that include stock assessmentsfor industrial andartisanal fisheries, investigations about the marine environment, or assessments o f the life cycles o f specific fish species. The primary source o f information on Senegalesefish stocks is the Centre de Recherches Ocdanographiquesde Dakar-Thiaroye (CRODT), part o f the Institut Sdnigalais de RechercheAgricole (ISM), under the Ministry o fAgriculture. With external assistance, most particularly from ORSTOM (France), the institute became the premier marine fisheries research institution inWest Africa. However, CRODT's research capacity has substantially decreased since 1990,following the loss o f many senior staff to the private sector andto international organizations. As a consequence, CRODT's current contribution to fisheries management is modest. - 9 - The institutionalattachmentof CRODT to the MinistryofAgriculture hasbeenblamed as another reasonfor this poor performanceand for the disconnectbetweenresearchactivities andpriorities of the fisheries sector. The detailedknowledge of fishresourcesrequiredfor sustainablemanagementof Senegal's fisheries is now generally lacking or no longer up to date. Moreover, pastresearchonly partly explored the intricate interactions betweenthe approximately 100important fish species exploited by industrial and artisanal vessels, or the individual life cycles o fthese species. Evenless is knownabout species that are rare andmight require protection. Lastly, the knowledge about the social, cultural andpolitical context for fisheries managementis also insufficient for makingsoundpolicy choices. Inparticular, little researchhas been done on local managementstrategiesor the relationship of these strategieswith decentralization policy and practice. 2.1.3 GovernanceInstitutions The IF concludes that the Ministry of Fisheriesmustbe reorganizedto handle the crisis andproposes the creation o ftwo distinct agencies: (i)Fisheries Regulatory Agency (FRA) incharge of MCS, vessel a licensing, and quota administration, and (ii)Fisheries Development Agency (FDA) that would prepare a anddevelop an integrateddevelopmentandmarketingstrategy for Senegalesefish producers, to be financially supportedby public and private investments. 2.2 UnderlyingIssues (biodiversity) 2.2.I ProtectedArea Model Senegalhas investedconsiderableeffort inestablishingprotected areas along its coast. By the late 1980s,it haddeveloped aninternationally recognized network o fprotectedareas, including five National Parks andthree Nature ReServeS. The Parc National des Oiseaux du Djoua'j was registered as a World Heritage site, four sites were registeredunder the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, andtwo biospherereserveswere established. Senegal also signed a wide array o f international conventions pertaining to coastalandmarinebiodiversity, including: the Alger Convention on the Conservation ofNature andNaturalResources(1972), the Convention on the International Trade o f EndangeredSpecies (CITES, 1977),the BernConvention on the Conservation o f European Wildlife andNatural Habitats (197I), the BonnConventionon Migratory Species (1983), the UnitedNations Conventiononthe Law ofthe Sea (1984),the Abidjan Convention onCooperation inthe Protection and Development of the MarineandCoastal Environment of the West andCentral African Region(1984), andthe Biodiversity Convention (1994). Nonetheless, by the early 1990s,Senegal's protected area model was floundering because o f several factors. The first was rooted inthe original purpose o f the National Parks. They were createdto promote tourism, buttourist revenuewas never large enoughtojustify their establishment. Tourist visits to all coastalprotected areasnever exceeded20,000 person-daysper year. The second factor was insufficient support from the Government, because of budget constraints. Budget allocations were not enough to pay park staff and maintainpark infrastructure, further decreasingthe level of protectionand the attractivenesso f the protected areas to tourists. The thirdwas the unfulfilled expectation o f international support, which was never sufficient to meet the commitments madeby Senegalunder international conventions andprograms. The fourth factor was the unhappiness o f the populations neighboring the protected areas, because o fthe loss of accessto natural resources. They hadnot been consultedprior to the establishmento fthe Parks and were not associatedintheir management. As a result, conflicts (many involving communities of fishermen) were difficult to resolve even though -10- prejudicialto boththe parks andneighboring populations. These conflicts also undermined public support for protected areas. The protected area crisis ledto a periodofexperimentation startingwith apilot project, the Espace Nature1 CommunautaireKeur Cupaam,initiatedby a group of women around the PopenguineNature Reserve. Keur Cupaamhasprovided a modelfor the comanagemento f protected areas and ledto the establishment o f severalmore Community Nature Reserves (Rberves Naturelles Communautaires: Wc). Severaldonors have since supportedefforts to incorporate comanagementprinciples into the management o fNational Parks, butthese initiatives are still intheir infancy: (i) IUCNlNetherlands, GTZ andFrancehavefundedthe preparation ofmanagementplansfor protectedareas; (ii) the Programmede Gestion Intigrie des &cosystc?mesdu Skndgal (PGIES), supported by GEF through UNDP, is the first systematic effort at biodiversity comanagement, usinga three-pronged approachof agricultural intensification, the establishmentof RNCs and comanagemento fprotected areas; the PGIES startedin2002 and intervenes infour pilot areas: Parc National du Niokolo Koba, Risewe de Faune du Ferlo Nerdy the Niayes, andthe terrestrial portion of the Parc National du Delta du Saloum; iii)WWFsupportstheestablishmentofMarineProtectedAreas,aspartofthePRCM(Programme Rigional de Conservation de la zone ccitiire et Marine en Afrique de I'Ouest). 2.2.2 Biodiversity and Protected Area Framework Senegalhas defacto adopteda policy of comanagementandbiodiversity conservation inprotected areas. Yet, there remains a huge gap betweenthis policy andthe current legislation, which emphasizes command and control, andtourism, andmakes no mention o fbiodiversity or the possible involvement of stakeholdersinits comanagement. For example, current regulations are interpretedto forbid fishingin the SaloumNational Park, whereas 90 percent o f fish landedby neighboring communities probably originate from within the Park, representing approximately 5-10 percent o fnational captures. The existing legislation does not explicitly support the establishmento fproposednew types o fprotected areas (biospherereserves, marine protected areas, or community nature reserves), and does not incorporate the obligations createdby Senegal's signature to international agreementsor reflect stated decentralization goals for local stakeholders. The Department o fNational Parks (Directiondes Parcs Nationaux: DPN), which is responsible for Senegal's National Parksandmost of its protectedareas, evolved from the command and control structure that was first put into place in 1969 to managethe Niokolo KobaNational Park. Although DPNwas designatedas the national biodiversity focal point inthe context o fthe Biodiversity Convention, its mandatewas never adjustedto include biodiversity or comanagement. On the contrary, the 1986 Huntingand Wildlife Protection Law gives it the mandateto protect National Parks from human interference, andto collect and pass on to Treasury the revenue generatedby visitors. Over 80 percent o fDPN's staff has a militarybackground, while few have any technical training inWildlife, ecology, biodiversity or community participation. Park guards are armed and empowered to use force if necessary, which they frequently do to represspoaching or smuggling. There is also a needto formally linktwo new governance structuresto the DPN: (i) National the Biodiversity Committee (NBC) establishedin2002 to oversee the implementation o f Senegal's Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (1999), and(ii) the GRAST (Groupe de Rkjlexion et d`Appui Scientipque et Technique) establishedin2002 by the Ministry o f Environment inresponseto the Project, to advise DPNon protected area managementplans, researchprograms andinternational conventions. Finally, long-term sustainability of the protected areanetwork is threatenedby the absence of -11 - sustainable financing. The establishment o f a Foundation to attract intemational support for conservation activities inSenegal, similar to what had beendone for the Parc National du Banc d'Arguin inMauritania, was proposed in 1993 but never materialized. 2.3 GovernmentStrategy The fisheries crisis is so acute that there is now a broad consensus on the need to shift the focus from sector development to the sustainable management of fish resources, as proposed inthe April 2001 Strattgie du Ddveloppement Durable de la P&he et de 1'Aquaculture. The main thrusts o f the Government's efforts to implement this fisheries management strategy are: (i) the creation o f a Special Commission, (ii) the establishment o f a user-rights system, (iii) registration o f all artisanal fishing the boats, (iv) the implementation of advisory councils at the national andlocal levels. The Government is also extremely sensitive to the need to establish stronger linkages between fisheries management andbiodiversity, and considers the Project as a strategic first step toward establishing such linkages. The common thread between fisheries andbiodiversity management is the use o f an ecosystem approach to the management o f marine and coastal resources. 2.3.1 Special Commission The Government intends to establish a Special Commission that will develop within a short period a planto halt the ongoing decline o fkey fish species, and initiate stepsto restructurethe fisheries sector, including measures to reduce catches, the reorganization o f the institutional framework, and the implementation o f a communication strategy. The recommendations o fthe Special Commission will provide a framework for further intervention inthe fisheries sector. 2.3.2 Fisheries User Rights System The Ministryof Maritime Economy (MME)has established a working group with the support o f the Cooptrution Franqaise to designrights-based systems for Senegal's fisheries. The working group has finished the first phase o f its work, and issued its final report inJune 2004: Appui au Ministire stntgalais de la P&chepour la mise enplace de systthes de droits d'accb aux resources de sa Zone kconomique Exclusive. The report concludes that Senegal's fisheries should be managed through a dualtrack system. Industrialfisheries andhighlycommercial artisanal fisheries would be subjected to a system o f fishing licenses that would evolve toward a rights-based system with individual or group quotas for specific species or groups o f species. The fishing licenses would limitfishing capacity by restricting technical parameters such as engine power and gear. This approach would be combined with anoverall reduction inindustrial fishing capacity, by reducing the number o flicenses that are renewed, incombination with activebuyouts or quotatrading. Incontrast, artisanalfisheries targeting demersal species incoastal areaswouldbe managedthrough a comanagement system, including area-basedcomanagement, involving Local Artisanal Fisheries Councils and Local Fisher Committees. Such a system would factor inmultiple management objectives reflecting environmental, biological, economic, and social considerations. A key objective would be to reduce economically inefficient competition among fishermen to catch scarce fish. It would allow for area-specific management measures designed inconsultation with local fishermen, such as limits on the numbers o f boats, restrictions on gear, seasons and fishing areas, to protect spawning andjuvenile fish, and specific limitson fish landingsto optimize fish price andquality. A critical accompanying measure would be the implementation o f locally designed mitigation measures to compensate local fishermen for the reduction infishing effort. These recommendations are inline with the conclusions o f the ESW, which concludes that area-based comanagement is a key part of the solution to the demersal species - 1 2 - crisis. The establishmento f a dual systemwould require the Government to determine resourceallocations for artisanal and industrialfisheries. The Government is still evaluating the technical, operational, political andlegalaspectsofthe proposedsystem. Key staff ofthe MMEare concemedabout maximizingthe resource rent andavoiding open conflicts that could result from enforcing exclusionary rule. They favor the quota-basedlicense system as the market-basedinstrumento f choice to allocate the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) o f fishresourcesandthus reduce fishing efforts. Incontrast, other staff and most environmentalists fear that a single, centrally-administered, quota-basedlicense system covering both industrial andartisanalfisheries would limitthe pallet of options for localstakeholderinvolvement in fisheries managementandcontrol, andwould not provide an institutional linkto local stakeholder experience andknowledge. Such a systemwould still have the inherent risk of a resourcecollapse, and would make it difficult to optimize the impact o f localmarineprotected areas on the health o f fish stocks. The Project will serve to test inthe field the feasibility and sustainability o fcomanagement for artisanal fisheries, including the option o f area-basedcomanagement. 2.3,3 Registration of Fishing Boats Senegaldoes not currently have a systemto register the more than 10,000 pirogues operating innational waters. Registration o f all fishingboats is neededto monitor artisanal fishingoperations, as part o f national andlocal managementplans. Registration also supportsthe collection and interpretation of fisheries statistics, improves the quality o fresearchdata, and would facilitate the creation of area-based fishing rights. Senegalintendsto implement a nationwide systemo fregistration, basedon the findings and recommendationso f a recently completed Swiss supportedpilot project. 2.3.4 Advisory Fisheries Councils The 1998 Law establishesabroad framework for consultations among stakeholders inSenegal's fisheries at the national level (ConseilNational Consultatifdes P&chesMaritimes:CNCPM) and at the local level (ConseilsLocaux de PZche Artisanale). The CNCPM was establishedin 1999, under the chairmanship ofthe Director ofMaritimeFisheries. The MMEestablisheda working group, with the support o f AFD, to draft animplementation decree for the LocalArtisanal Fisheries Councils. A first draft spellingout the mandate and organization of the Councils was preparedin2001, andwas then tested infour localitieswith the support o f the Netherlands: Cayar, Joal, Sindia andFoundiougne. Since fisheries were not one o fthe sectors decentralizedin 1996, the LocalFisheries Councils will constitute the sole mechanism for managing fisheries issuesat the local level. The latest draft provides for 30 LocalCouncils. Several issues needto be finalized, including: (i) the proportion of fishermen among Council members, (ii) the role of the local councils inthe operational managementof local fish resources, (iii) link between the councils and traditional power structures, and (iv) the geographic the footprint o fthe maritimearea undertheir responsibility. Independently, artisanal fishers have establishedthe CONIPAS (ConseilNational Interprofessionnel de la PgcckeArtisanale au Sknkgal)inAugust 2003 to representthem at the national level. CONIPAS includes five groups: FENAGIE(Fkdkration Nationale des Mareyeurs du Sknkgal), CNPS (Collectif National des PZcheurs artisans Sinkgal),UNAGIEM(UnionNationale des GIE de Mareyeurs), and FENATRAMS (Fedkration Nationale des Transformatrices et Mareyeusesdu Sinkgal). The -13- CONIPAS has beennwtured by the Agence Nationale de Conseil Agricole et Rural (ANCAR). 2.3.5 EcosystemApproach The Ministry ofEnvironment andNature Protection has since the early 1990sadoptedcomanagement as its core policy, as demonstratedinthe National Environment Action Plan (1997) andthe National Biodiversity Strategy (2000). Mostparticularly, the Government wants to promote the establishmentof community-based protected areas, to increasethe protected area coverage from 8 to 12percent o fthe country. Another key strategic element has beenthe use ofthe approachpromoted by the Manandthe Biosphere (MAB)programofUNESCO, includingthe establishmentof BiosphereReserves as akey instrument to manage ecosystems. 3. Sector issues to be addressed by the project and strategic choices: 3.1 Programmatic Approach Project design incorporates three strategic considerations. The first is that the Project is part of a multi-donor, programmatic response to the current crisis, The drivingconcern is to maintainfisheries as a source of export revenue for Senegal andas a source of employment for Senegalese fishermen. Respondingto the crisis will require broad and fundamentalreforms and support over a period o f at least ten years. The issues involved are interrelated, and a long-term solution can only be found if all aspects o f the crisis are addressed. The Minister ofFisheries organized a meeting onJanuary 15-16,2004, to mobilize donors around a common agenda, starting with a shared definition of issues. This agenda broughttogether projects currently under preparation by the World Bankandby FAO/AfDB,as well as ongoing projects from the EU, the Agence Francaise de Dkveloppement (AFD), and Japan. A donor coordination group for he fisheries sector was also establishedfollowing the meeting. Furthermore, the specific areas of intervention for eachdonor were identifiedduringProject appraisal, and steps were takento ensure complementarity andleverage synergies. The Government has indicatedthat the Bank andFA0should most particularly address issuesthat mightsuffer from actual or perceived conflicts o f interest with other sovereigngovernments. 3.2 Selectivity The secondstrategic consideration is the needfor the Project to be selective inthe issues that it addresses and inits geographic footprint, to remainwithin the available fundingenvelope, andmaximize project impact and synergies with other donors. The Project cannot do everythingeverywhere at once. Hence, it was agreedthat the project will focus on increasing the sustainability o f artisanal fisheries, with an emphasis on highvalue demersalfisheries, as well as improvingthe management capacity o f local stakeholders. Since artisanal fisheries are labor intensive, such a focus will have the greatest impact on poverty reduction andrural development. Other fishery sector issuesand actions, most notably the reform of sector governance, the managementand surveillance o f industrialfisheries, and the improvement o f fish processing and export capacity will needto be supported mainly by other donors as part of the sector-wide programmentioned above. Agreement was also reachedwith the Government, andafter consultations with other donors, that the Project will concentrate its efforts on three pilot areas (see map below): - 1 4 - e Senegal River Delta e Cap Vert Peninsula, from CambBrkne to Somone e Saloum River Delta, from Palmarinto Djinack Government has requested that the Project consider Basse Casamance, but this will only be possible when peace agreements with rebel factions are finalized. The pilot areas were selected on the basis o f the following criteria: 0 they constitute ecosystems critical for Senegal's fisheries, including endemic or threatened species; e they are inhabited by fishing communities withstrong cultural identity and a commitment to the sustainable managemento f marine and coastal resources (as expressed duringpreparatory workshops); e they include existing marine protected areas. The pilot areas include four out o f Senegal's six National Parks and three out o f five Nature Reserves (see Annex 11for more details on site characteristics andbiodiversity values). The inclusionof existing protected areas will make it easier for the Project to maximize synergies between sustainable fisheries objectives andbiodiversity conservation objectives, through the use o f an ecosystem approach, as described below. - 15- 3.3 EcosystemApproach The thirdstrategic considerationis the use o f an ecosystem approach. The key to the Project's design is to linkthe FA0 definition o f the ecosystem approach for the fisheries sector, as detailed inthe Guidelines on the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (FAO, 2002), to the definition used by the Biodiversity Convention and adopted by UNESCO for its Biosphere Reserves. F A 0 Biodiversity Convention An ecosystem approach tojsheries strives to balance The ecosystem approach is a strategyfor the diverse societal objectives, by taking into account the integrated management of land, water and living knowledge and uncertainties about biotic, abiotic and resources thatpromotes conservation and sustainable human components of ecosystems and their use in an equitable way. Application of the ecosysten interactions and applying an integrated approach to approach will help to reach a balance of the three fisheries within ecologically meaningful boundaries. objectives of the Convention. It is based on the application of appropriate scientific methodologies focused on levels of biological organization which encompass the essential processes,functions and interactions among organisms and their environment It recognizes that humans, with their cultural diversity, are an integral component of ecosystems. The ecosystem approach is deemed necessary to ensure the long-term sustainability o f Senegal's marine and coastalresources. Itentails conserving the structure andfunction o fthe marine ecosystem, in addition to preserving fishery resources. It implies managing the entire marine ecosystem that supports the fisheries, and notjust commercially important target species. Its implementation requires cooperation among all stakeholders to achieve a shared vision. Senegal's fisheries' policy has inthe past focused on catching and exporting more and more fishwith little regardfor sustainability, while conservation efforts focused on excluding fishermen with little regard for the economic consequences. Incontrast, the Projectproposes ajoint implementation framework at the national andlocallevel, which brings together the stakeholders concerned with fisheries management andthose involved with biodiversity conservation. 3.3.1 Area-Based Comanagement The use of an area-based comanagement system for artisanal fisheries that target demersal species is at the heart o f the Project's ecosystem approach. Area-based comanagement has been practiced for decades inJapan andmore recently inthe Philippines. Insuch a system, fishermen would share with Government both the power to make decisions regarding a geographically localized fish stock, and accountability for those decisions. The system would aim to create a healthy andresilient marine environment, and to maximize socioeconomic benefits, including fisher revenue andemployment. A similar approach is being tested with support from the Government o f Japan through the ktude de l 'kvuluation et de lagestion des ressources halieutiqua de laRkpubliquedu Sknkgal. The area-basedcomanagement system will involve two key local institutions: the Local Artisanal Fisheries Councils andLocal Fisher Committees. Thus, the Project will support the planned establishment o f Local Councils by Government inthe three pilot areas. The Councils will serve to deliberate and approve local fisheries management initiatives formulated by Local Fisheries Management Committees. The Project will support the establishment o f these Committees, as associations (Loi de 1901), or cooperatives. Membership will largely be limitedto actual or retired -16- fishermen, and crew members. The Committeeswill be independent o f the local Councils. They will serve to reflect andcapturethe experience andknowledge of particular groups oflocalfishermen. The role given to these Committees reflects the critical importance the Project attaches to givinga clear role inthe design andimplementationofcomanagement measuresto key stakeholders,most notably the local fishermen, working together with scientistsand environmentalists. Their establishmentwill also create an institutional separationbetweenthe designandimplementation o f managementmeasures performed by the Committees, andthe political processof consultation and discussion that will take place inthe Councils. Researchby scientistsengagedby CRODT will play a critical role inassisting Committees to design fisheries managementmeasures, to ensure their environmental and scientific soundness, and to assist the Councils inpackaging managementinitiatives into realistic andeffective managementplans. The principles ofthe proposedpilot comanagementsystemare reflected inthe Letter ofPolicy for the IntegratedManagement o f Coastal andMarine ResourcesProject. Implementation ofthe pilot comanagementsystemwill require that the Government provide, through the MinistryofMaritime Economy andCRODT, key support servicessuch as: (i) vesselregistration, (ii) assessmentso f all key fish resourcesand allowable catches, (iii)system to monitor, control and watch a movementso f industrialvessels, and (iv) effective enforcement and quick and fair adjudication of infractions. Inaddition, the local comanagementsystem will require the effective functioning ofthe CNCPM, to reach a consensus on appropriate levels o f fish exploitation and the equitable allocation of these resourcesamong stakeholders. The Government will implement parallelmeasuresto adequately regulate industrialfisheries, so that artisanalfishermen can fully benefit from comanagementinitiatives, including: (i) anextensionofthe area reservedfor artisanal fisheries targeting demersalspecies, (ii) enforcement o f fishing area the restrictions imposed on industrialvessels through the use of a compulsory satellite-basedvessel monitoring system(VMS), and (iii) a highly significant reduction o fby-catchby trawlers, most particularly shrimpers. 3.3.2 Protected Areas as Providers of Ecological Sewices Another feature o fthe ecosystemapproachadoptedby the Project i s the emphasison the ecological servicesprovidedby Senegal's network o f coastalprotected areas. Ifproperly managed, coastal protected areas can: (i) provide nursery grounds for juveniles of fish species, (ii) as refuges for serve vulnerable species, (iii) preventhabitat damage, iv) promote the development ofnaturalbiological communities, and (v) facilitate recovery from catastrophic humanandnatural disturbances. The emphasis on ecological services radically differs from the rationale that ledto the establishment ofthe Parks, which relied on the collection o f fees from tourism by central Government. The Project will foster biodiversity conservationand managementinandaround existing NationalParks and Reserves inthe three pilot areas, to maintainthe ecological services andto reducethe impact of increasedhumanactivity along the coast. For this purpose, the project will follow the approach promotedby the Manandthe Biosphere (MAB)program o fUNESCO, because it is well understood by the Government, sets few constraints, and incorporatesboth the principles of ecosystemmanagement andcomanagemento fnaturalresources. There is already a Biosphere Reserveinthe Saloum River Delta, which includes the Parc National du Delta du Saloum and important fishingvillages such as Missira, Bktanti, Dionewar, Niodior andDjiEr. IUCN, Wetlands International andWWF have actively promoted fisheries comanagement, andNGOs suchas WAAh4E (West African Association for Marine Environment) operate inthe area. The Project - 17- will adopt the Saloum Delta Biosphere Reserve as the framework to comprehensively address biodiversity, fisheries, and more generally development issues inthe Saloum Delta. Similarly, the Project will support the proposedestablishment o f a Biosphere Reserve inthe Senegal River delta that would incorporate the Parc National des Oiseaux du Djoudj, the Parc National de la Langue de Barbarie,the Rbewe Spkcialede Faune du Ndiael, as well as the Rbewe Sptciale de de Faune de Gueumbeul,usingan ecosystem approach based on the seasonality o fthe Senegal River floods. Lastly, the Project will promote the establishment o f a Biosphere Reserve inthe Cap-Vert Peninsula, to include the Parc National des fles de la Madeleine, the RdseweNaturelle de Popenguine,the Rherve Naturelle Communautairede la Somone,the Risewe Naturelle Communautairede TeunguBne-Yo& the historic Island o f Gorte and the Baie de Hann. 3.4 Other Measures Additional measures are required to ensure the long-term sustainability of the proposed changes. 3.4.I Reconversion Implementation o fthe proposed area-basedcomanagement system might bringabout the redundancy o f a significant number o f fishermen. The Project will rely on the Senegal Social Investment Fund, which is managedby the AFDS (Agence de Financementpour le DdveloppementSocial)to provide accompanying measures to aid the local fishermen who cannot continue to participate inthe fishery or face declining income, to acquire new skills and find alternative employment. Current AFDS funding expires inDecember 2005. The GIRh4aC PCU has signed a Memorandum o f Understanding with AFDS management to incorporate a fisheries window inthe follow-up project. Eligible measures and the final amount made available will be determined during the preparation o f this follow-up project. In the meantime, the PCU will submit a proposal for a grant from the Japanese Social Development Fund that will bridge the perioduntilthe AFDS follow-project becomes effective. 3.4.3 Support to Ministry of Fisheries The Special Commission may recommend major changes inthe organization of the Ministryo f Maritime Economy. It is expected that other donors would support the implementation o f the Commission's recommendations. The Project will provide complementary support, inasmuch as it is needed to implement a comanagement system, including changes inthe legal framework. For example, the lines of authority within MME might require adjustments to accommodate and support comanagement. These adjustments will require time, careful consultation and consensusbuilding, to avoid disrupting MME's operational capacity. 3.4.4 Biodiversity and ProtectedArea Framework Recasting the mandate o f protected areas around the principles o f comanagement and the provision o f ecological services will require a hdamentalrevision o f the biodiversity management framework, including institutional and legal aspects, and support to D P N to fulfill its new mandate under the revised framework. C. Project Description Summary 1. Project components (see Annex 2 for a detailed description andAnnex 3 for adetailedcost breakdown): - 18- The project will comprise three components, andthe estimated cost ofthe program is US$16.49 million, o fwhich IDA will fund US$10 million, GEF will fundUS$5 million, andthe Government o f Senegal will h dUS$1.49 million. Project Component 1:Management of SustainableFisheries (US$6.53million, of which US$6million financed by IDA) The purpose o f this component is to increase the sustainability of fisheries throughthe use o f area-based comanagement. Component 1will include three sub-components: Sub-Component I,I:National level activities to improvefisheries management (US$1.38 million), to enable the implementation o f comanagement initiatives. Sub-component 1.2: Promotion and coordination of local comanagement initiatives (US$4.67 million) inthree pilot areas, Senegal River Delta, the Cap-Vert Peninsula, and the Saloum River Delta. Sub-Component 1.3: Institutional strengthening and capacity building (US$O.48 million) to oversee, support andmonitor the implementation o f comanagement initiatives. Project Component 2: Conservation of Critical Habitats and Species (US$6.02 million, of which US$0.5millionfinanced by IDA and US$5millionfinanced by GEF) The purpose o f this component is to improve the long-term management of Senegal's network o f coastal protected areasby: (i) developing andimplementingmanagement plans for these areas, according to an ecosystem approach, and (ii) restructuring the biodiversity management framework. Component2 will include two sub-components: Sub-Component 2.1: Managing ecosystems (US$4.45 million) inthree pilot areas, Senegal River Delta, the Cap-Vert Peninsula, andthe Saloum River Delta. Sub-Component 2.2: Strengthening the Biodiversity Conservation Framework (US$1.57 million) by preparing a Biodiversity andProtected Area Act, strengthening institutions, andpreparing the establishment of a Trust Fund. Project ComponeHt 3: Program management, M&E and Communication (US$3.94 million, of which US$3.5millionfinanced by IDA) The purpose o fthis component is to effectively manage the project. Component 3 will include five sub-components: Sub-Component 3.1: Monitoring and evaluation (US$2.8 million). The Project Coordination Unit (PCU) will manage aidfrom donors and partners, ensure efficient implementation andprocurement, monitor implementation against indicators, andcommission periodic independent evaluations. Sub-Component 3.2: Coordination (US$O.1 million). The PCU will ensure the operations o f the Integrated Marine andCoastal Resources Management Steering Committee andthe Advisory Scientific andTechnical Committee. Itwill also support the cross-sectoral structures necessary inthe pilot intervention areas to ensure coordination among various implementing agencies, includingjoint sessions between the CNCPM andthe National Biodiversity Committee. Sub-component 3.3: Communication (US$0.3 million). The PCU will develop andimplement a communication planto ensure the flow o fnecessary informationto andfrom stakeholders on project activities. Sub-component 3.4: Sub-regional Coordination (US$O.I million). The PCU will coordinate with - 19- sub-regional andregional structures involved insimilar initiatives. Sub-Component 3.5: Activitiesfunded under thePPF (LrS$0.64 million). Component Component 1. 6.53 39.6 6.00 60.0 0.00 0.0 Managementof sustainablefisheries Component 2. 6.02 36.5 0.50 5.O 5.00 100.0 Conservationofhabitatsand species Component3. 3.94 23.9 3.50 35.0 0.00 0.0 Programmanagement,M&E, and Communication Total FinancingRequired 16.49 100.0 10.00 100.0 5.00 100.0 2. Key policy and institutional reforms supported by the project: The most fhndamentalshift inpolicy sought by the Project is a coordinated approachto marineand coastalresourcemanagement that links sustainablefisheries and biodiversity conservation. This will be achievedby emphasizingthe importance o f resourcemanagementinmaking Senegal's fisheries sustainable, and the need for protected areas to contribute to the maintenance of fish stocks. This policy shift is confirmedin a letter of IntegratedMarineand CoastalResourceManagement Policy (Annex 17) that was also discussedwith other donors duringappraisal. The Project Steering Committee and the Scientific andTechnical Committee will be key instrumentsinimplementing this new policy. The most criticalpolicy reform soughtthrough the project inthe fisheries sector is the recognition of local initiatives from fishermen to managefishresources, including area-based comanagement initiatives. This representson the one handamajor political decision by Government to share the responsibility for the management of artisanal fisheries with its stakeholdersand, on the other hand, the endoffree access by artisanal fishermen. The recognition o ffisheries comanagementinitiatives willbe balancedby the commitment ofthe fishermen involvedto manage fish resourcesina responsible manner. Other major reforms are also expectedinthe fisheries sectors, but their exact nature will be determined by the Special Commission. These might include a fundamentalrestructuring o fthe Ministry o f Fisheries, restrictions inindustrialfisheries operationsand capacity, the imposition o f biologicalrest areas andperiods to allow fish stocks to recover, andthe establishment o f a Fisheries Trusts Fund. The Project will also support a revisionofthe policy andlegalframework for biodiversity andprotected areas that would consolidate the dispersedmandates for biodiversity management, provide greater clarity to policy objectives, confirm the decision to involve stakeholdersinthe management of biodiversity, and integrate international commitments madeby Senegal. At the regional level, the project will leveragethe biosphereconcept to balancethe sometimes conflicting objectives of fisheries andconservation, as well as other goals such as tourism and land development, and to promote the integrated managemento f coastalandmarine resources. The following national policies and reform programs will have a bearing on the Project's - 20 - implementation: National Conservation Strategy (NCS) National Environmental Action Plan(NEAP) National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan IntegratedFramework (IF) Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (DSRP) NEPAD Fisheries Sector Strategy DraRLetter of Environmental Policy 3. -Benefitsand target population: The Project will assist Senegal to sustainably manage marine and coastal resources by: (i) sustainably managing fisheries, through the preparation of management plans for five key fisheries, and the promotionof comanagement initiatives, and (ii) promotingintegrated ecosystemmanagement inthree pilot sites. The expected benefits from the Project have been summarized inthe following table. A difference must be made between tangible and intangible benefits. The latter include: (i) capacity-building and empowerment, (ii) secure livelihoods, (iii) more enhanced marine and coastal resource base, and (iv) political, social, economic and environmental benefits at the national level. Local NationaYGlobal 0 Empowerment o f fisher community D Enhanced capacity o f Govemment and members to manage marine and coastal NGOs to support local comanagement resources. initiatives. Social and 0 General human resource capacity in local D Disseminationo f best practices in Institutional institutions strengthened. integrated marine and coastal resource Diversified livelihood strategies infisher management for replication. communities and enhanced household D Improved national coordination of donor income security. assistance to fisheries and to marine and 0 Comprehensive M&Efor impact and coastalbiodiversity in Senegal. performance. 0 Halting the decline in fish resources and National policy and legislation in related income in three pilot areas. conformity with intemational treaties 0 Reducedillicit and unsustainableuse o f promoting biodiversity conservation. Environmenta, natural resources. Support to the development o f a national long term funding mechanism for the conservation o f biodiversity. Improved protection o f endangered and migratory species. 4. Institutional and implementation arrangements: The project will have an implementation period of five years. The detailed institutional, financial, procurement, and monitoringand evaluation arrangements were assessed during appraisal and discussed duringnegotiations, as follows: -21 - 4.1 Institutionalframework The project's successwill require effective coordination among the various institutions involved inthe management o f coastal andmarine resources. Inthis light, the Government has established a multisectoral Program Steering Committee with a measure o f autonomy to oversee implementation of the Program. The Steering Committee is co-chaired by the Ministryo f Environment andNature Protection andthe Ministry o f Maritime Economy. Itcomprises 17 members (including the co-chairs), as follows: 1representative for the Minister o f State, Minister o f Maritime Economy 1representative for the Minister o f Environment andNature Protection 1representative for the Minister o fAxmed Forces 1representative for the Minister o f Urbanisme et de Umtnagement du Territoire 1representative for the Minister o fTourism and Air Transportation 1representative from the Ministry ofEnergy andMines 1representative from the Department o f Economic and FinancialCooperation (DCEF), Ministry o f Economy andFinance 0 1representative from the Department of Debt andInvestments (DDI),Ministry of Economy andFinance 0 1representative from the Department o f Collectivitds locales, MinistGre des Collectivitts Locales et de la Dtcentralisation 1representative from the Conseil Suptrieur des RessourcesNaturelles (CONSERE) 1representative from the AgencesRdgionales de Dtveloppement (ARD) 1representative from ENDA-Dialogue Politique 1representative from professional organizations of artisanal fishermen 1representative from professional organizations o f industrial fishermen (GAIPES) 1representative from the World Wildlife Fund(WWF) 1representative from the International Union for the Conservation o fNature (IUCN) 1representative from Wetlands International The Steering Committee's mandate is to focus on strategic and policy orientation andto ensure intersectoral coordination. Most particularly, it will ensure that the program o f activities b d e dby the Program is consistent with the Program's objectives, as stated inthe above-mentioned Letter o f Policy. Itwill also: 0 review and approve annual work programs, 0 monitor the implementation of work programs, 0 review annual progress inachieving specific outcomes through a predetermined set o f indicators, 0 provide implementing units with suggestions for improvements. The Government has also established an advisory Technical and Scientific Committee that brings together program stakeholders, including representatives from the private sector, to support the Steering Committee. For the Steering Committee to operate on a day-to-day basis, it is served by a permanent secretariat called the Project Coordination Unit (PCU), which is placedunder the administrative oversight o f the Ministry o f Environment and Nature Protection. The PCUhas been inplace since March 2003, andhas coordinated preparation o f the Project. Itcomprises a Coordinator with qualifications and experience acceptable to IDA, assisted by a Deputy Coordinator seconded from the Department o fNational Parks, a financial management specialist, a procurement specialist, an information and communication - 22 - specialist, technical staff (fisheries managementspecialist, biodiversity specialist, community participationspecialist and monitoring andevaluation specialist), andadministrative andhuman resourcesspecialist, and support staff. The PCUplans to add a Deputy Coordinator secondedby the Department o f Marine Fisheriesbefore effectiveness. The PCUi s hostedinabuildingprovidedby the DepartmentofNational Parks. The PCUwill coordinate Project activities andensure that they are implementedinaccordance to the Project Implementation Manual, including the Environment andResettlementFramework. The PCU will be directly responsiblefor the implementation o f Component 3. However, since the project addressesspecific sectoral issues, the technical managementof Components 1and2 will be decentralizedas follows: 0 Component I Managementof SustainableFisheries. Activities will be implemented and - overseenby a unit within the Departmento f Maritime Fisheries, the Cellule Optrationelle de Mise en Oeuvre-PCche (COMO-PCche). The COMO will comprise a Component Coordinator, a combined Financial ControllerRrocurement Officer, a secretary and a driver. The COMO will also oversee activities implementedthrough the CRODT. The COMO-P&chewill be advisedby an Operational Coordination Committee (OCC), comprising institutional stakeholdersinvolved inthe implementation o f Component 1. Component2 Conservationof Critical Habitats and Species. Activities will be implemented - andoverseenby aunitwithin the Department ofNationalParks, the Cellule Optrationelle de Mise en Oeuvre-&cosystt?me(COMO-gcosystime). The COMO will comprise a Component Coordinator underthe affice ofthe Director, a combined FinancialControllerProcurement Officer, a secretary and a driver. Activities h d e d by the project will be functionally integrated with DPN's structure, to minimize the administrative burdenso f project management. Some of the activities relatedto biodiversity monitoring will be managedby the Comitt National Biodiversitd. Additional Technical Assistancewill be outsourced as required. The COMO-&osysthe will be advisedby an Operational Coordination Committee (OCC), comprising institutional stakeholdersinvolved inthe implementation o f Component 2. 4.2 Accounting,financial reporting and auditing arrangements Financial Management will be the responsibility o fthe Project Coordination Unit (PCU), which will have the overall accountability responsibility for the Project. The PCU will be organized and staffed throughout Project implementation to provide efficient financial management, reporting, and administration, including: establishing special accounts andproject accounts; managing appropriate accounting/budgetary information systems, to produce timely, understandable, relevant and reliable financial information that enable managementto plan, implement,monitor andappraiseoverall progresstowards the achievementof Project objectives; preparing annual budgets for the Project; producingfinancial statementson a quarterly andannual basis for the Project Steering Committee andIDNGEF; preparing withdrawal applications from IDNGEF,and any other source o f funding; undertakingan annual audit of allProject expendituresby qualified external auditors acceptable to IDA; managing project expendituresby the COMO-PCche andthe COMO-kcosystime, to assistin the implementation implement of their respectivework programs; monitoring the use of project funds by the COMO-PCche andthe COMO-kcosyst2me. - 23 - The PCUwill ensure that these functions arenot only acceptableto the Government, the World Bank andany other Cooperating Partners, butalso are carried out on a day to day basis as prescribedinthe Project Implementation Manual (PIM) throughout project implementation. 4.3 Procurement Procurementwill also be the responsibility o fthe PCU. However, procurementplanningand the selection o f consultantswill be donejointly with the COMO-PZche for expendituresrelated to Component 1, and with the COMO-kcosystdme for expendituresrelated to Component 2. Procurement of Consultant services. Consultant contractswill be awardedinaccordancewith the Guidelinesfor the SelectionandEmployment o fConsultantsbyWorld Bank Borrowers (January 1997, revisedSeptember 1997, January 1999andMay 2002). Most consultant contractswill be awarded usingthe Quality andCostbasedSelection (QCBS) proceduresby evaluating the quality ofthe proposal before comparing the cost o fthe servicesto be provided. Short lists of consulting firms for contractsvalued at less than US$lOO,OOO may be comprised entirely o f national firms ifat least three qualified nationalfirms are available at competitive costs. Procurement of Goods and Works. All contractswill be awarded inaccordance with Guidelines for Procurement o f Goods and Services by World BankBorrowers (January 1995; revised January 1996, August 1996, September 1997andJanuary 1999). Civilworks will mostly comprise small infrastructure inprotectedareas andthe construction of severalMaison du Pgcheur. Contracts for goods andcivil works may be awardedonthe basis o f Intemational Competitive Bidding (ICB) for contracts that are valued from US$500,000 for works andUS$l50,000 for goods, or National Competitive Bidding (NCB) proceduresfor lesser-sizedcontracts. 4.4 Monitoring and Evaluation The PCUwill submit quarterly reports for IDA'Sreview, summarizing the utilization ofProject funds for all Project components, the implementation status o fthe work programs approved by the Program Steering Committee, deviations ifany, problems and constraints andcorrective measures being taken, andupdateddisbursementtables. The PCUwill beresponsiblefor ensuringthat the achievementof Project objectives is monitored every quarterusingthe Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) inthe Project's Design Summary Matrix (Annex 1) and the Project Implementation Manual (PIM). The KPIs for eachactivity were finalized duringnegotiations and are includedinthis document (Pages 3 and4), as well as inthe Development Credit Agreement (DCA) andthe GEF Grant Agreement. The PCUwill utilize a variety o f sources to get feedback on progressandperformance. These will include: (i) meetings o f the Scientific andTechnical Committee, the National Biodiversity Committee, and the CNCPM, (ii) monitoring reports by the COMO-PZche andthe COMO-kcosystdme, (iii) o f visits Project sites, including consultations or meetings with Project stakeholdersandtarget beneficiaries, (iv) IDAsupervision missions, (v) quarterly, six-monthly, andannual financial reports, (vi) the mid-term review o fproject implementation, and (vii) the above-mentionedKPIs andtheir respectivedated implementation milestones as providedinthis document, as well as inthe Development Credit Agreement and the GEF Grant Agreement. The Project will involve key stakeholdersinthe Project's implementation, suchas localcouncils, fisheries councils, fisheries operators andNGOs, inthe monitoring and evaluation o fthe Project's performance. The PCU will organize annual workshops with these stakeholdersto review Project implementation andthe results o fthese workshops will constitute an input inthe M&Eprocess. Key - 24 - stakeholderswill undergotraining onmonitoring and evaluationpractices, and on the definition ofkey performance indicators, to allow them to follow anddocument outcomes, andthus createand important source o f data. Inaddition, the Project SteeringCommittee may requestthe PCUto initiate interim evaluationsfor any component o f the project, to identifynecessary changesto project activities. Eachimplementingunit (COMO-PCche, COMO-&cosyst&ne, PCU) will track implementation progress andproject milestonesfor their respectivecomponents,andrelay this informationto the PCUthrough Quarterly ProgressReports (QPRs). M&Eproceduresare clearly spelled out inthe Project Implementation manual(PIM). Each year o fProject implementation, the PCUwill preparean overall progress report incollaboration with the Ministry of Finance, andan additional report three months prior to the mid-termreview. The review should recommendmeasures requiredinlightof M&Eresults. The Government will also prepare and sendto IDA its contribution to the Implementation Completion Report (ICR) within six months of the Credit closing date, to be included inthe final Project ICR. One o f the maintargeted outcomes o f the project is learning and future replication. As a consequence, the Project will follow an outcome-oriented approachthat adequately tests and captures lessons. The M&Esystemwill thusbe outcome-focused, to allow the Project SteeringCommittee to suggest corrections duringimplementation andto enable lessons learnedto be scaledup. Towards the end of the project, the SteeringCommittee will commission the preparationo f a report synthesizing lessonslearned andhow these mightbe scaledupinsector wide approaches. The report will discusswhat didanddid not work, andmake recommendationsfor the nextphase. D. Project Rationale 1. Project alternatives consideredand reasonsfor rejection: Donor assistance to the fisheries over the past severalyears has beenmainly focused on the construction of landing sites for artisanal fisheries, while assistance to biodiversity management has supported community-basedresourcemanagement schemes andthe preparation of managementplans for key the protected areas. There has never beena comprehensivevision or overall strategy for the sustainable managementof Senegal's coastalandmarineresources. Creation o f such a vision is indispensableifthe synergiesneededbetween fisheries andbiodiversity are to occur. Inthis context, severalapproacheswere analyzedwith aview to maximizingthe Project's benefitsto the Country. The project team sought a limitednumber of components, pilot activities as demonstrationsfor the rest o f the country; underpinning policy choiceswith effective institutiona1 arrangements; andsynergy among the componentsto demonstratebiodiversity conservation's contribution to sustainable fisheries. The optionsreviewed included: A policy orientedprojectfocused on the Ministry of Fisheries with outreachto the CRODT and the DPN. Severalpolicy issues still needto be resolved, such as the regulation andlicensing of artisanal fisheries, andthe adoption ofmeasuresto reduceovercapacity. However, it is probably more important to have demonstration projects on the ground to consolidatepolicy decisions andto implement the Integrated Framework recommendations. A projectfocused on biodiversity conservation. Senegalholds biodiversity o f global importance, which is threatenedandthus merits attention to ensure its sustainability. - 25 - However, a resourcemanagementstrategyrestricted to core protected areas alone would be unlikely to engage the support o f local communities, andunlikely to be sufficient to prevent continued decline o f coastaland marine biodiversity due to overfishing. A more comprehensiveapproachto biodiversity managementis required. Afisheriesproject. There is a broad consensus that the fisheries managementsystemmust be changedto secure employment andexports. However, the hdamental issue is that current fishingpracticesinSenegal are depletingfish resources. Measures mustbe implementedto sustainablymanagethe resource, including the protection ofbreeding and nursery grounds to ensure replenishmento fdepletedstocks. A CommunityDriven Developmentproject. Economic growth must translate into poverty reduction. This can be facilitated by developing anenabling area for developmento f community initiatives that expandthe population's access to the businessopportunities createdinthe sector. However, a standalone CDD project or a new component to existing CDD initiatives wouldnot include the measuresrequired to reduceovercapacity or to sustainably manage fishresources. Insummary,inagreementwithGovernment,thetaskteamoptedfor ablendofthe aboveideas, formulated ina program o f concentratedintervention ina few critical areas that will provide models to bereplicatedinother regions ina timely way. The choice was also madeto rely onthe AFDS to finance CDD activities rather thaninclude a Fisheries Fundwithin the Project. 2. Major relatedprojectsfinanced by the Bank and/or other developmentagencies(completed, ongoingand planned). The following operationsinSenegalandinother countries are relevant to the Project: Implementation Development Bank-financed Progress(IP) Objectlve (DO) The objective o fthe Quality Education juality Education for all S S for all Program (QEFA) is to assist 'rogram (QEFA) Senegalestablish a framework for kedit #33330 achieving Universalprimary education. The QEFA supportsthe Government 10-year education sector programto: (i) increasethe coverage and equity o f educationby expanding primary and sup lower secondaryenrollment especially girls and children in under-served regions; (ii) improve the quality and intemal efficient o f primary andgeneral secondaryeducation by reducing dropout andrepetitionrates, especially inrural andunder-served areasthrough school grants, piloting primary education innational languages, improving teacher training; and (iii)strengthenthe capacity for - 26 - decentralizedmanagementby improvingthe financial andbudget managementproceduresat the decentralizedand deconcentratedlevels, developing policies andprograms for teacher careermanagement. The Objective of the Private Investmenl rivate Investment Promotion S S Promotion Project is to help create roject conditions that stimulate a sustained lredit#37620 increase inprivate investment and achievethe 8 percent GDP growth targetthrough animproved investment climate, greater private participationin economic activities, andpolicy and sector reforms. The main objective of the Urban rrbanMobility Improvement U S Mobility Improvement Programis to rogram improve the safety, efficiency and :redit#33540 environmental quality ofurbanmobiliq inthe Dakarmetropolitan areaandroac safety inThies and Kaolack. Special attention to improvingmobility for the urban poor by: (i) promoting public transport services, and (ii)ensuringthe safe movement o fpedestrians androad users. The Project Objectives are to: (i) 'NNationalRural S S improve local governanceand local nfrastructure capacity; (ii)establish participatory an( :redit #33150 decentralizedmechanismsfor selecting investment programs; (iii) strengthen the national institutions supporting decentralization; and (iv) implement basic infrastructure ina selected number o f rural communities. Project Development Objective is to ,ong Term Water Sector S S achieve sustainableimprovements inth 'roject - Credit#34700 delivery o furbanwater and sanitation servicesinunserved andlow-income areas of Dakar and secondary cities by: (i)supporting further institutional and regulatory reforms andpolicy enhancements, thus consolidating and building on achievemento f the ongoing Water Sector Project; (ii) removing major water productionand distributioi - 27 - capacity constraints with the help o f private sector financing; (iii)supporting rehabilitation o f sewerage networks and increasing waste water treatment capacity; (iv) implementing a community-based program for developing on-site and semi-collective sanitation services; and (v) supporting capacity developmento fsector agencies, communities andhouseholds. The poorestpilot communities o f cia1Development Fund Senegal effectively improve their ogram -Credit #34460 conditions by usingthe Social Development Fundresourcesinpriority development areaswith participation of vulnerable groups: through: (i) increasing access o f the poor to basic social services; (ii)increasing access of the poor to micro-finance products and services; (iii) capacitiesinall building beneficiaries andfinancial intermediaries involved inthe project; and(iv) buildinginstitutionalcapacity for the management, monitoring and evaluation o fthe poverty strategy o fthe Borrower. The overall developmentobjective of W/AIDS Prevention and the project is to assist the Government mtrol Project in.(i)preventingthe spreado f :edit #36010 HIV/AIDS by reducing transmission among highrisk groups; (ii) expanding access to treatment, care andsupport for peopleliving with HIV/AIDS Senegal to serve as a pilot for the implementationo fAnti Retroviral Treatment (ART) inSub-Saharan Africa; and (iii) supporting civil society andcommunity initiatives for HIVIAIDS prevention andcare. The project will supportthe implementation o f Senegal's strategicplanagainst HIV/AIDS for the period 2002-2006 (Plan National de Lutte Contre le SIDA-PNLS), andpromote civil socieb andcommunity initiatives for prevention andcare, put forward by beneficiary groups selectedon the basis of the technical quality and likely impact o ftheir proposals. - 28 - The development objective of the iuinea Bissau Coastal and xoject is to buildthe capacity o f biodiversityManagement Sovernment agencies andnatural 'roject- PO83453 Tesource usersinGuinea-Bissauto )oardpresentationon :ollaboratively managecoastal 1/9/2004 :nvironments andbiodiversity for both :onservation andsustainable developmentends. The project will support the creation D f a new institution, the Institute for Biodiversity andProtectedAreas [IBAP), to managethe network of protectedareas inthe country. The [BAP is a natural extension o fpast participatory management efforts ledby the IUCN. The project will also implement community development activities inand around protected areas, fimded by a micro-finance mechanism (the FIAL). The Project will strengthen the community-based managementof reservedfishingzones andthe Government's capacity to support their management. Finally, the project will create a unit for environmental and social safeguardsscreeningo f developmentprojects inthe country. The project's overall development hinea Coastal Marine and objective is to promote the rational 3iodiversity Management - managemento f Guinea's coastal '070878 biodiversity for both conservation and 3oardPresentationon sustainabledevelopment ends, with a 5/21/2005 particular emphasis on assisting communities inand around these priority areas to plan, implementand maintainenvironmentally sustainable andsocially inclusive alternative livelihoods options. The developmentobjective ofthe Senegal River BasinWater and S S project is to provide a participatory ZnvironmentalManagement - strategic environmental framework for '064573 the environmentally sustainable developmento fthe SenegalRiver Basin and to launch abasin-wide cooperative program for transboundary land-water -29- management. The project seeksto improve the m i a Marineand regulatory and institutionalframework ivkonmental Management - for managemento f coastal andmarine 182492 resources, to enhance the contribution )ardpresentationon o f these resourcesto economic growth 1Y2005 andreduction ofpoverty, andto develop the scientific understandingof the status o fthe resourcesandmajor threats to them. Project activities will be designedto assist the Government inimplementation ofthenational coastalenvironmental management strategy, the National Fisheries Master Plan, andthe FisheriesAct. Inthat regard, the project would a) establish andor strengthen institutions charged with managementof marine resources inthenear- andoff-shore andExclusivc Economic Zone (EEZ), both in Zanzibar andinthe mainland, and assure their performance according to designatedstandards; b) support activities appropriately undertaken by the public sectorto stimulate increased private investment into marineand coastalareas; and c) identifyand support scientific and technical researd that contributes to improvedregulation, management, development, and protection o fmarine and coastal resources. The purposeofthe mlReefRehabilitationand S S Coral ReefRehabilitation and anagement Project PO71316 Management Program (COREMAP) is dPO71318 to establish a viable, operational, and institutionalized coral reefmanagement system inpriority coral reef sites in Indonesia. The program was originally envisagedas a fifteen year program implemented inthree phases: PhaseI, Initiation (1998-2001); Phase 11, Acceleration (2001-2007); andPhase 111,Institutionalization(2007-2013). The implementation time frame has now beenmodifiedinlighto f lessons learnedduringthe first phase. Moreover, political change inthe country since 1998 andthe advent o f decentralization have ledthe programtc adopt a nationally coordinated, but decentralizedprogram for its second phase. Phasing is now envisagedas: Phase I: Initiation(1998-2003), Phase 11:DecentralizationandAcceleration (2003-2009), Phase111: Institutionalization(2009-2015). The developmentobjective for the secondphase o f COREMAP is to establisha financially sustainable nationally coordinated butlocally implemented programto empower and to support coastal communities to sustainably manageuse o fcoralreefs andassociatedecosystemresources, which will inturn, enhance the welfare of these communities inIndonesia. The global objective ofthe second phase o f COREMAP is to establish viable coral reefmanagementsystems inpriority sitesofglobal biodiversity significance across Indonesia. Other development agencies I I I I I PlDO Ratings: HS (Highly Satisfactory),S (Satisfactory), U (Unsatisfactory),HU (Highly Unsatisfactory) The terrestrial counterpart ofthe GIRMaC inSenegal is the Programmede Gestion Intdgrde des Ecosystimes du Sdndgal (PGIES), funded by GEF and implemented by UNDP. The GEF has underlined the needfor close coordination betweenthese two projects. As a consequence, the GIRMaC andPGIES have signeda Memorandum ofUnderstandingthat ensures complementarity andpromotes synergies between their respectiveactivities. Inaddition, the PGIES is representedinthe GIRMaC steering Committee and inits Scientific and Technical Committee. The PGIES andGIRMaC also coordinate their efforts through the National Biodiversity Committee. The Senegal River Basin Project is fimdedby GEF, butexecutedby IDA. The project is extremely relevant to GIRMaC, as it addresses issues under the purview of the Organisation de Mise en valeur de la vallde duJleuve Sdndgal (OMVS),which involves Senegal, Mauritania, Mali and eventually might include Guinea. The OMVS managesthe Manantali DaminMaliandthe DiamaDaminthe Senegal River Delta. Moreover, under its Water Charter, the OMVS has authority on the usageo f water from the SenegalRiver. Senegal i s representedwithin OMVS through its Ministry o f Hydraulics. GIRMaC will leverageexisting institutionalframeworks to ensure coordination. Thus, the representativeof the MinistryofHydraulics onthe GIRMaC Project SteeringCommittee will report onrelevant OMVS activities and also ensure that GIRMaC activities are reported to the OMVS by Senegal's representative. Coordination is also important with the GEF funded Protection o f the Canary Current LargeMarine - 31 - Ecosystem &ME) Project currently under preparation, to be implementedby UNEP, executedby FA0 andhostedbythe CommissionSous-Rigonaledes Piches (CSRP). This project willbe especially relevant with regardto the managemento f small pelagics, which form the bulk of Senegal's fisheries and cross national boundaries. GIRMaC will address issues relatedto small pelagics through the fishing agreements that Senegalhas signedwith neighboring countriesor through the CSRP, which was set up in 1985 to harmonize fisheries policies ofmember states. Senegali s representedon the CSRP through the Ministryof Fisheries. Thus, the representativeof the Ministryo f Fisheries on the GIRMaC Steering Committee will ensure appropriate exchange o f informationbetweenthe CSRP and GIRMaC, on ongoingproject activities andpotential needs for coordination. Finally, coordination will also be sought withthe GEF-fundedproject to enhance the conservationof the critical network o f sites requiredby migratory waterbirds onthe African/Eurasian Flyways. This project will provide support activities focusedonmigratory waders inthe Saloum-Niumi National Park complex that straddles SenegalandThe Gambia. GIRMaC will support the activities o fthe Flyway Project and as necessary provide enabling environment. GIRMaC will ensure that annual work plans andbudgetsfor the Saloum Delta Biosphere Reserveare adjustedto incorporate activities o fthe Flyway Project when the latter becomes effective. 3. Lessonslearned and reflectedin the project design: FisheriesBest Practice The Project incorporates the lessons learned from earlier fisheries projects, as summarized inthe recently publishedBankdocument "Saving fish and fishers: toward sustainableand equitable governanceofthe global fishing sector", most particularly by focusing on poverty reduction and the sustainability o f local resources, by targeting small-scale, labor-intensive fisheries, by supporting the organization o f fishers andthe allocation of use rights, by promoting alternative employment, andby establishing Mlyprotectedmarinereserves. More specifically, the Project incorporates the lessonslearned duringPhase 1o fthe Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program (COREMAP), includingthe needto: (i) involve communities through activities that emphasizesustainable socioeconomic activities, (ii) putinplace a strong legal andenforcementregime, (iii) abalancebetween conservationactivities andthose targeting strike improvements inthe quality of life, (iv) use a broad ecosystem-basedapproach, and (v) tailor the program to different cultural, socioeconomic andbiophysical conditions. The ICR for the Ghana Fisheries Sub-sector Capacity BuildingProject (IDA-27130) also recommends the close involvement o f stakeholders,community members, and administrators, at all levels o f implementation, to buildsupport and to ensure the sustainability o f anoperation. Measuresto access social development outcomesneedto be put inplace during project implementation so that feedback can be usedwhile the project is still active. The approachusedby the Project is also similar to that adoptedby the Pilot Fishery Development Project inAlbania, which seeks to provide local fishermen with community-based institutions to manage their own activities andmove towards more sustainable methods. More broadly, the Project's approachis inline with the comanagement of small-scale fisheries promoted by the WorldFish Center (CGIAR). - 32 - Measures taken by theProject Inresponsetothe above, project design: (i) stakeholderconsultation andparticipation, to ensures promote ownership and identify issues and concernsearly on; (ii) facilitates dialogue and coordination among government and other key implementationpartners, to promote synergies andreduce conflicts; (iii) flexibilitysothatactivitiescanreadilybeadaptedtorespondtolessonslearnedduring includes implementation or changing national circumstances,(iv) keep the burdenplaced on the national budget andcounterpart contributions to a minimum; (v) adoptsaprogrammatic approachthat coordinates donor support so as to avoid overlaps andgaps; and (vi) establishes a supportive institutional and legal framework, includingputtinginplace mechanismsthat ensure coastalandbiodiversity management issuesare takeninto account inbroader decision-making. Management Capacity. Sufficient administrative and financial managementcapacity was built up duringpreparation, including familiarity with IDAproceduresandguidelines. Government ownership and support. Government commitment to and leadershipfor fisheries reform are essentialto success. The Government has instigated a SpecialCommission that will recommend measures to reform the fisheries sector. The Project will supportthe implementation of a subset of these measures, incomplement to support providedby other donors. Keep stakeholdersinformed and engaged from early on inproject preparation. The Project was preparedunderthe supervision o f its Steering Committee andits Scientific andTechnical Committee, andincollaboration withthe Comitd National Consultatifpour la P&cheMaritime (CNCPM) andthe NationalBiodiversityCommittee. More specifically, the PCUorganized meetingswith the GIRMaC Steering Committee, the GIRMaC Scientific and Technical Committee, the National Biodiversity Committee andthe CNCPM on 14-16 October 2003 to discussthe Project Concept, andon 22-25 Marchto discussthe draR PAD and the Project Implementation Manual. The PCUhas alsoheldmeetingswith local communities andgovernment officials inthe three pilot areas. These meetingshelped involved stakeholders and increasetheir ownership ofthe Project's design. Active participation during implementation should increasecommunity support for the program. Experience with GEF and other biodiversity programs indicate that the identification of appropriate economic altematives for communities and local resourceusers is a key factor inchanging local resourcemanagementpractices infavor o fbiodiversity conservation and sustainableuse objectives. Communityparticipation and an adequate understanding o f local socioeconomic, ecological and cultural factors are important factors for the successfulidentification and adoption of any alternative livelihood activities. The program includes targetedactivities designedto identify andtest ways inwhich the linkages betweeneconomic benefits, local social development andconservation can be strengthened. Recognizing that currently there is no clear model, a learningapproachwill be taken. 4. Indications of borrower and recipient commitment and ownership: The Government will implementthe Project, with the support o fthe World Bank, as part of the IntegratedCoastal and Marine ResourceManagement Program. Implementation will involve the main Senegalese beneficiaries andpartners, including the MENR, MME,DPN, DPM, localcommunities, the private sector, donors, andthe GEF Focal Point at the MENR. Component 1of the Project is entirely consistentwith the orientations proposed in2001 inthe Strattgie du Dtveloppement Durable de la Peche et de IYquaculture. The project is also entirely consistentwith the priorities outlinedinSenegal's NationalEnvironmental - 33 - Action Plan (1997), as well as the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (BSAP, 1999). Component 2 is also consistent with the orientationsset for biodiversity managementimplementation, andhas beenendorsedbythe GEF Focal Point at the MEA.duringComponent 1ofthe Project will serve to implement. Furthermore, as part of a commitment to the conservationandmanagement of its natural resources, Senegal has accededto a number of Intemational Conventions,including the Convention on IntemationalTrade inEndangeredSpecies o fFaunaandFlora (CITES), the Convention on Wetlands of IntemationalImportance (Rarnsar Convention), the UnitedNations Convention to Combat Desertificationinthose Countries Experiencing SeriousDrought and/or Desertification, particularly in Africa (CCD), the UnitedNations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Most importantly, Senegalratified the Convention on BiologicalDiversity (CBD) on October 17, 1994. Environment PolicyLetter and NEPAD. The Ministry ofEnvironment hasdrafted a Letter of Environment Sector Policy following the Johannesburg Conference on SustainableDevelopment. The Letter states that Senegalintendsto focus its environmental management efforts on the priorities set in bytheNew Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), includingthe managementofcoastal habitats. It notesthat overexploitation o f naturalresourceshas destroyedcoastalbiodiversity and threatensthe livelihood of coastalpopulations. Italso emphasizes the needfor an integrated management o f coastal andmarinehabitats at the national and at the sub-regional level. WithinNEPAD, Senegalhas beenan active contributor to the AfricanProcessonthe Development andProtectionof CoastalandMarineEnvironmentinSub-SaharanAfrica. 5. Value added ofBank and Globalsupport inthis project: 5.1 IDA Suppopt Reversing the loss o f Senegal's marine and coastalresourceswill require a cross-sectoralapproach, that combines policy changes, institutionbuildingand investments insector restructuring. The BankGroup has the capacity to combine the required levels of investmentswith policy, the management o fpublic good where markets do not appear to work, andinstitutionaladjustments. The Bank adds value to the design and implementation of the Project by drawing on the worldwide experience gained through managemento f its portfolio o fprojects. It has considerableexperienceto offer ininstitution and capacity building, andits environmental safeguards are recognized as setting intemationalstandards. Its experience infacilitating programmatic multi-donor approachesleaves it well placed to leverage additional funds from other donors andthe private sector. Several donors have already expresseda desire to actively cooperatewith the Bank inthe fishingsector, provided the Bank would take the lead. 5.2 GEF Support The program fits solidly within the GEF Operational Program on Coastal andMarine Ecosystems, a priority area for the first, secondandthirdConferenceo f the Partiesto the Convention on Biological Diversity. The Bank, as a GEF implementingagency, therefore brings incremental grant resourcesto assist Senegal intackling coastaland marinebiodiversity issues of global environmental concem. This will include ecosystemprotection as well as increasing capacity for sustaining this protectionover time. Without these incremental resourcesmany ofthe proposedprogram activities will likely go unfimdedin the face o f the numerous competing demands on the country's extremely limitedbudgetary resources. - 34 - E. Summary ProjectAnalysis (Detailed assessmentsare inthe project file, see Annex 8) 1. Economic (see Annex 4): 0 Costbenefit NPV=US$ million; ERR = % (see Annex 4) 0 Costeffectiveness 0IncrementalCost Other (specify) The coastal demersal fisheries inSenegal are facing a biological and economic crisis. The massive expansion o f artisanal fishing effort combined with degradation ofthe ecosystems that support coastal demersal fish stocks has strongly depleted demersal fishbiomass and led to a sharp decline o f many fishers' net incomes. For example, stocks of Thiof (White grouper) and Pageot (Pandoras), some o f the most sought after andcommercially important fish species in Senegal, have been reduced by 45 to 90 percent duringthe last 20 years, leading to a corresponding decline intotal catches. Without interventions to reduce fishing effort andallow stocks to recover, as well as to better protect the ecosystems that support these stocks, both coastal demersal fish stocks andthe income derived from their capture are likely to continue to decline. A further decline incoastal demersal fishery resources would seriously affect the economic performance o f the country and would also threaten the livelihood o f major population groups. The fishing sector contributes about 2.3 percent to the GDP o f Senegal, and 12.5 percent o f the GDP o fthe primary sectors, with a gross value o f production - inclusive processing and marketing - o f some FCFA 300 billion (US$550 million), and a domestic value added o f about FCFA 70 billion (USS130 million). The fisheries sector contributes between 25 to 30 percent o f all of Senegal's exports. The coastal demersal fisheries resources are the most valuable component o f this sector, accounting for over 50 percent of the total value o f fisheries exports and an even greater share o fthe total volume. The coastal demersal fisheries also support a considerable part o f the 52,000 small-scale fishers in Senegal and o fthe 600,000 people indirectly employedby the sector. Inaddition to the demersal fisheries resources supportedby Senegal's coastal ecosystems, the globally significant biodiversity found inthese areas has been incrucial factor inthe growth of eco-tourism inSenegal. Because the declining coastal demersal fisheries are so essential to the exports and economy of Senegal andthe livelihoods o fso many communities, the project aims to improve the management o fthese coastal demersal fisheries and the ecosystems that support them, beginning inthree critical locations: the Senegaleseriver delta, the Cap-Vert Peninsula andthe Saloum River delta. All three areas encompass over 250,000 hectares o f some o f the country's most critical coastal ecosystems andhabitats. These areas support both high-value coastal demersal fisheries andglobally significant biodiversity. For this reason, the project adopts a coordinated approach to helping rehabilitate the key coastal demersal fisheries inthese three areas, by both promoting sustainable coastal fisheries management and protecting the critical habitats and ecosystems upon which they depend. Thus, the project seeks to promote sustainable management o f the coastal demersal fisheries through two parallelbut complementary tracks: (i) introduction o f area-based comanagement in 12 targeted artisanal the fisheries inorder to reduce fishing capacity and eventually increase catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE), and at the same time, and (ii) the protection o f critical habitats and ecosystems upon which these fisheries depend through strengthening or creating three biosphere reserves (Senegal River Delta, Cap-Vert Peninsula, and Saloum River Delta. By linkingsustainable fisheries management to biodiversity conservation, the project aims to yield benefits interms of both coastal demersal fisheries productionand the protection o f globally significant marine biodiversity and associated ecosystem uses (such as tourism revenues). More specifically, for the fishing communities inthe three project areas directly dependent on the coastal ecosystems and the - 35 - fisheries they support for their livelihoods, through the area-based comanagementactivities the project will provide significant benefitsinterms of increasedincome andpotentially productionover the long-term for those fishers that continue to participate inthe coastal demersal fisheries, and alternative livelihoods and sources of income for those that do not. Additionally, the project activities to protect critical coastalecosystems inthese three areas will preservethe potential ofthese areas to attract tourism, as well as generate additional paymentsfrom international donors for the existenceof globally significant biodiversity inthese areas. Although data are insufficient to quantify the benefits the project.is expectedto generate, it is believed that they will likely outweigh the costs of the project andof the foregone fisheries revenues necessaryto reduce fishing effort under project managementmeasures. Inaddition, the project will provide a link to a social fundto compensatefishers for these costs andassist some fishers to pursue alternative livelihoods. Annex 4 provides a rough qualitative assessment of the likely costs and benefits and of the likely fiscal impact of the project. 2. Financial (see Annex 4 andAnnex 5): NPV=US$ million; FRR= % (see Annex 4) Fiscal Impact: On the fiscal anddistributional impact o fthe project, further work is needed, duringproject implementation, to assess the recurrent costs of the project andto identifythe winners andthe losers in order to designtransfer mechanismsto compensatelosers andsustainable financing mechanismsfor recurrent costs. Indeed, there are two major financing needs: (i) inthemediumterm (after project completion), the recurrent cost o f managing the three biospherereserves andthe area-basedco-management systems in the 12 artisanal fisheries; and (ii)the short term the compensationo f the opportunity cost borne by in local population and inthe mediumterm sustainablelongterm financing to change incentive to threaten the biospherereserves. Compensation mechanisms The Project relies on the Senegal Social Investment fund managedby the Agence de Financementpour le Dkveloppement Social (AFDS) to compensatefishers that will not be allowedto fish after the area-basedco-management systems are introduced. But no compensationmechanismsare scheduledto compensate income losses of mangroves collectors inorder to change their incentives to threaten biosphere reserves. Moreover, fishers that will benefit from the project interms of increasedCPUE will not be inpositionto pay for environmental services (PES) untilthe stock has recovered. Sustainablefinancing mechanisms The project relies on higher fisheries incomes andon a potential trust fundto finance the recurrent cost o farea-basedco-management inthe 12 artisanal fisheries targetedby the project and the three biosphere reserves. Again, there is no evidencethat fishers will be able to pay for improvedfisheries management immediately after project completion. As far as the financing o f recurrent costs for the biosphere reservesis concerned, a trust fund could be a source o f financing, but would be unlikely to cover all the recurrent costs, unless the trust fund is establishedwith a very large endowment fund. Greater attention should be paid to capturing tourism rents. Ifthe Government, as the ownedmanager o f natural resources, is not making an effort to capture tourism rents, then the rents accrue to the private - 36 - sector (not necessarily a bad thingifrents remainwithin the country) or to the tourists (that is, the tourists' full willingness to pay to enjoy nature is not beingtapped). 3. Technical: The Bank hasprepareda ESW on the fisheries sector inSenegal, The Project's strategic choices are consistent with the recommendationso fthis ESW. Severalbackground studies were conductedduring preparation or are ongoing, to provide information critical to the the project. These studiesinclude: Under the PDF B Grant (completed): e Communityparticipation in coastal and marine resource management. The study will review participationapproaches and recommendan approachfor the project. e Baseline coastal and marine biodiversity study. This study will provide a baselinefor monitoring coastal andmarine. Undera PHRD grant: e Diagnostic offzsheries sector. The study will provide a summary o f existinginformationon institutional andregulatory issues, andresource abundanceandtrends (completed). e Public Expenditure Review and economic analysis of fuheries sector in Senegal. Identify where the money is inthe fisheries sector andifexpendituresmatch needs (ongoing). e Public Expenditure Review of and economic analysis of conservation in Senegal. Provide data required to identifymeasuresto ensure the financial sustainability of the protected area network inSenegal (ongoing). e Environmental audit of the Somone watershed. Document the threat that small dams pose to coastal lagoons (completed). e Stakeholder assessment of the Keur Cupaam (Popenguine) Natural Community Reserve. Analyze the issues behindthe pilot community basednature reserve (completed). e Development and Implementation of the Biodiversity Monitoring System (ongoing) 4. Institutional: Institutional, procurement and financial arrangementswere assessedduringProject appraisal and confirmed duringnegotiations. 4.1 Executing agencies: The institutional framework includes a Project Coordination Unit (PCU) which is answerable to a Steering Committee co-chaired by the Ministryo f Environment andNature Protection and the Ministry o f Fisheries. The Steering Committee will oversee Project implementation. For administrative purposes,the PCU is attachedto the MEPN. A Scientific andTechnical Committee has also beenestablishedto provide a forum for consultations with stakeholders and for the technical review of Project activities. 4.2 Project management: The PCUhas manageda PDF B grant, a PHRD grant anda PPF andthus has gained experience with Bankfinancial andprocurement guidelines. The PCUwill ensure financial managementand procurementfor the whole Project. - 37 - Implementation unitshavebeenestablishedinthe Department of Maritime Fisheries and inthe Department o fNational Parks, respectively for Components 1 and 2. 4.3 Procurement issues: A WorldBankProcurementSpecialistreviewed andassessedthe procurementpractices of all Project implementingagencies duringProject appraisal, andt h e y were confirmed at negotiations. The results of this assessment are summarizedinAnnex 6(A). The PCUhas prepareda detailedProcurementPlan for the first 12months ofProject implementation, The planwill be regularly updatedduring project implementation. 4.4 Financial managementissues: Detailed financial managementissues were identifiedby aWorld Bank Financial Management Specialist during Project appraisal. A summary of the conclusions canbe found inAnnex 6(B). No major issuewas identifiedandall recommendationsmade inthe Action Planto strengthenfinancial managementwere completedbefore negotiations. 5. Environmental: Environmental Category: B (Partial Assessment) 5.1 Summarize the steps undertakenfor environmental assessmentand EMP preparation (including consultation anddisclosure) andthe significant issues andtheir treatment emergingfrom this analysis. The PCUcommissioned the preparation o fa full Environmental and Social Assessment, including and Environmental ManagementPlananda Resettlementand Process Framework. Stakeholder consultations were organizedduringpreparation of the assessmentand the documentation was disclosed in-country andat the InfoShop prior to Project Appraisal. The Project raises two main safeguard issues: (i) restrictions resultingfrom fisheries access comanagementinitiatives under Component 1,most particularly for migrant fishermen, and (ii) the impact of the reestablishmento f natural floods on localpopulations inparts o fthe SenegalRiver delta, under Component2. Inthe first instance,the mainrisk is that the conversionofthe current openaccess systemto a systemof recognized user rights might reduce the access o f certain fishermen to fish resources. The preparation o f fisheries managementplansthat set limitations are necessary to reverse the current degradation o f fish stocksthat equally affects all fishermen. However, limitingaccess might impinge on the capacity of commercial fish intereststo maintainor extend their control over fishingactivities. Inresponseto this dilemma, the Project relies on the Comitd National ConsultutiydesPCches Muritimes (CNCPM) as the primary negotiation consensus buildingforum among stakeholders for eacho f the two key fisheries managementplansthat the Project will finance. Furthermore, the To% ofthe consultant that will preparethe managementplansinclude provisions for: (i)processtoidentiQ andprovidecompensationtofishermenthatmighthavetoreducetheirfishing a effort, (ii) identificationo f potential impacts on women. the The Project will also promote the recognition o f comanagement initiatives formulated by local fishermen. Such initiativesmightrestrict access to local fish resourcesby local fishermen or migrant commercial fishermen. Inresponseto this issue, the Project will include the following objectives for the LocalFisher Committees: (i) resolving local conflicts over fish resources, including access to a reasonableproportion of the catch by migrant fishermen, (ii) sustainably managing fishresources,by limitingfishingeffort or allowable catch, (iii)equitably allocating allowable catch among registered - 38 - members, (iv) protectingcritical breedingor nursery grounds, and(v) optimizing member income from the sale, processing, and marketing of fish products. Furthermore, the Project has reachedanagreementwith Senegal's Social Investment Fund(Agencede financement pour le ddveloppementsocial: AFDS) to aid local fishermen who cannot continue to participate inthe fishery or face declining income, to acquire new skills and findalternative employment. Inthe secondinstance,the environmental assessmentidentifiedrisks associatedwiththe rehabilitation of ecological functions inthe Senegal River Delta, which couldinclude the reestablishmentof seasonal floods incertain parts o fthe Delta that might have potential impacts on local populations. The Project does not include funds for this purpose, but it is a statedintent o f the Project to promote this measure. The decision to go forward will dependon the results of studies (topographical, hydrological and development scenarios fundedby the LongTermWater Supply Project) that will not be completed until May 2005. As a consequence, the risks andimpacts of such a decision could not be assessedduring Project appraisal. Itwas agreedthat support by the Project towards such a decision will be conditional on the prior preparation under the Project o f an EA andEMP satisfactory to the Bank. The Government has agreedto comply with the Project's ResettlementFramework inthe eventthat the decision is takento go aheadwith this rehabilitation. 5.2 What are the mainfeatures o f the EMP and are they adequate? Compliance with the Bank's environmental and social safeguardpolicies was mainstreamedinthe Project's design, as explained in5.1 above. The EMP also includes: (i) safeguardstraining o f key staff involved inProject implementation, and (ii) a review o f environmental and social performance, as part of the Project's the mid-termreview. 5.3 For Category A and B projects, timeline and status o f EA: Date o f receipt o f final draft February 2004 The fullEA was publicly disclosed for 120days at the Ministry ofEnvironment andat the offices ofthe five Regional Development Agencies along the coast. The full EL4is also posted onthe Project's website (www.girmac.sn). The extent ofpublic disclosure was praisedby Ministryof Environment and by regional authorities, who consider it as an example ofbestpractice. 5.4 How have stakeholdersbeen consulted at the stage o f (a) environmental screening and (b) draft EA report on the environmental impacts andproposedenvironment managementplan? Describe mechanisms o f consultation that were usedand which groups were consulted? The PCUconductedpublic hearings with stakeholdersineachofthe 3 pilot areas (Saloum Delta, Cap-Vert peninsula, and Senegal River Delta) prior to appraisal. Similar meetings have already taken place at the project identificationandconcept development stages. 5.5 What mechanismshave been establishedto monitor and evaluatethe impact of the project on the environment? Do the indicators reflect the objectives andresults o f the EMP? Project impact on the environment will be monitoredduring implementation usingindicators that reflect the objectives and resulk o f the EMP. 6. Social: - 39 - 6.1 Summarize key social issues relevant to the project objectives, and specify the project's social developmentoutcomes. The Project will promote community participation inthe sustainablemanagementof coastalandmarine resourcesinthe pilot areas. A key social developmentobjective ofthe Project is to help secure the livelihood of fisher communities through comanagementinitiatives. Suchinitiatives will allow fish resourcesto recover andthus provide better andmore predictable revenue to member fishermen. However, the recognition of user rights mightreduceaccess to these resourcesby excluded groups offishermen, thus threateningtheir livelihood, The project will monitor the livingconditions offishermen involved incomanagement initiatives ando f excluded fishermen, andensure appropriatemitigationmeasures for excluded fishermen, including provisionalquotas and support for reconversion to non-fishing activities. At the moment, participation bywomen infisheriesrelatedactivities is limited. The Project will seek ways o fbroaden women participation inthe economic activities o f the fisheries sector. 6.2 Participatory Approach: How are key stakeholdersparticipating inthe project? Stakeholderinvolvement duringproject preparation servedto increasethe chances of successfully implementing the project. Severalstakeholderworkshops were organized to capture stakeholder concerns andexpectations, and to help buildownership andpartnerships. The project's final design incorporates the views expressedduringthese workshops. Stakeholderparticipation at the national level will be ensuredthrough the GIRMaC SteeringCommittee andthe Scientific andTechnical Committee. The Projectwill also supportthe CNCPMto functionas the primary negotiation andconsensusbuildingforum among stakeholders for fisheries issues, and the National Biodiversity Committee for biodiversity issues. At the locallevel, the Project will supportLocalFisheries Councils andLocalFisherCommittees. It will also support EcosystemManagementCommittees for the three pilot areastargetedby the Project. 6.3 How does the project involve consultationsor collaboration with NGOs or other civil society organizations? The Project SteeringCommittee includes three NGO representatives,andone representativefrom industrialfisheries. The PCUhas signed a MoUwith WWF, andis working closely with IUCN on the design and establishmentofbiosphere reserves. The Project hasconsulted on a regular basis with the main national fisher unions such as FENAGIE, UNAGIEMS andCONIPAS andplansto organizejoint awareness campaigns at project sites. Component 1of the Project includes support to fishers inpilot sites to organize themselves into associations or cooperatives, to formulate andimplementcomanagement initiatives. Locally, NGOs and other civil society organizationswill be involvedthrough the Ecosystem Management Committees for eachpilot area, andthrough the Site Management Committees. The Project will promote NGO involvement inthe training o f stakeholdersand inthe reconversion process. 6.4 What institutionalarrangements have beenprovidedto ensure the project achieves its social developmentoutcomes? The Project's designprovides for the participationof and regular consultations with stakeholders, including groups affected by Project activities. Furthermore, the PCUincludes a Community Participation specialist that will oversee collaboration with the AFDS. 6.5 How will the project monitor performance interms of social development outcomes? The set o fKey Performance Indicators includes social development indicators andthus allow regular monitoring o f social developmentoutcomes. Beneficiary assessments willbe conductedat the beginningo fthe Project, at mid-term andend-term. The assessment will make full use of stakeholdersas an important source of relevant data. 7. SafeguardPolicies: 7.2 Describe provisions madeby the project to ensure compliance with applicable safeguardpolicies. The following safeguardpolicies were taken into account duringproject preparation andcompliance mechanismsidentified e EnvironmentalAssessment. An Environmental Assessment (EA) was canied out prior to Project appraisal. An additional EA will be carried out ifthe Government o f Senegaldecidesto rehabilitate the ecological function o f the SenegalRiver delta. e Natural Habitat. One o f the main objectives o fthe project is to conserve andprotect natural habitats inthree pilot areas. The GEF component is designedspecifically to address conservation o fthese habitats andthe maintenanceo f their ecological functions. The Project does not involve the significant conversion or degradation o f critical natural habitats. e Cultural Property. The Project should not have animpact on cultural property, but nonetheless proceduresare includedinthe ResettlementFramework to address culturalproperty issues if OP11.03 happenedto be triggered during Project implementation. Cultural property issues will be included as a topic o f discussion duringthe formulation o fcomanagement initiatives. e Involuntary Resettlement. A ProcessFrameworkwas preparedprior to Project appraisal, indicatingproceduresto compensatefor the reductionor loss inaccess to fishresources, following the implementation o f comanagementinitiatives. A ResettlementAction Plan would be preparedifthe project goes aheadwith the rehabilitation ofthe ecological functions of the SenegalRiver Delta. The Action Planwouldbe precededby a desk review o f relevant literature, as well as a ground-level opinion survey, to ensure informed andup-to-date decisions onhow to proceed. -41 - F. Sustainabiiity and Risks 1. Sustainabiiity: Sustainability will be addressed at three levels: a. Technical sustainability will focus onthe sustainablemanagemento f coastalandmarine resources. The Project will promote a managementsystemthat reduces overexploitation, particularly o f coastaldemersalspecies, andprotects critical areas that serve to replenish fish stocks. The project M e r proposesto improve the sustainability o f protected areasby emphasizingtheir role as providers o fecological servicesto neighboring communities. b. Institutional sustainability will bepromoted (i)the local level, through a decentralized at managementsystemthat favors local ownership of objectives andmanagement measures, and (ii)thenationallevelbysupportingthereorganizationandstrengtheningofinstitutional at arrangementsfor managing artisanal fisheries, and by revamping the regulatory framework for biodiversityconservation. c. Financial sustainability will be pursuedby promotingthe establishmento f long-term financing mechanisms for biodiversity conservation. The mainrecurrent cost for biodiversity conservationis the cost of managing the network o fprotected areas, including the cost of monitoring biodiversity. Financial sustainability will be promoted by fundingfeasibility studies andconsultations requiredto establisha biodiversity andprotectedarea Trust Fund. la. Replicability: The Project intendsto changethe mannerinwhich coastal resourcesare managedinSenegal, most particularly by increasing the involvement o f stakeholdersinresourcemanagement. The broad principles o fthe approachhave beenestablished andwill initially be tested inthree pilot sites. Valuable lessons are expectedto emerge from project implementationinthese pilot areas, which will be incorporated into the Project's approachbefore replication and scaling up to other portions o f Senegal's coast, most particularly the Casamance River delta. The Project will address replicability as part of its Monitoring and Evaluation plan. Thus, the Project will commission an assessment of the first four pilot TURFS,to determine what works andwhat does not work, before scaling up to other communities inthe three pilot areas. An independentconsultant will also evaluate Project performance as part of the mid-tennreview, including a stakeholder analysis. The PCUwill ensure that the TORSfor this consultancy include: (i)clear identification ofthe lessons a learned from the pilot TURFS,(ii) assessmento f appropriatenesso f the approach to areas not an coveredby the Project, and (iii) anidentificationofthe changes inthe regulations governing coastal resourcesrequired to ensure anenabling environment for the Project's approach, most particularly the FisheriesLaw andthe proposed Biodiversity andProtectedArea Act. 2. Critical Risks (reflecting the failure o f critical assumptions found inthe fourth column of Annex 1): The following key issues were discussedduringProject Appraisal: 1. Inadequaterepresentationof stakeholders inlocal fisheries councils; 2. Uncertainty about the status o f local fisheries committees andtheir relationship with local fisheries' councils; 3. Recognition o f local initiatives to manage fisheries 4. Reluctanceto recognize area-based rights contracts for artisanal fisheries; 5. Uncertainty about the status o f fish stocks and socio-cultural conditions; 6. Adjustment o f the institutional structure of the Ministry o fFisheries to support artisanal - 42 - fisheries management; 7. Organization, responsibilities and funding ofthe MCS system at national andlocal level; 8. Organization, programming and funding of local research; 9. Reduction of fishingcapacity of the industrial fleet. Risk Ratlng f Risk Mittgatian Measure H 'acilitators will work to resolve conflicts among Stakeholders intargetedfisheries cannot takeholders. agree on the measuresrequiredto sustainably managemarineandcoastal resources. Slow implementation o f subprojects H 'roject will directly support key institutions because o fbureaucratic delays. nvolved. Expected benefits from biodiversity S dake expectationsrealistic and clearly defined managementare not fulfilled. ?om onset. Locallevel stakeholdersare not interez :d S dotal level stakeholderswill be involved in andcommitted to sustainablymanaging iefiningand implementing sustainable biodiversity. nanagementmeasures. Bureaucratic proceduresdelay the M Sensitizationof decision-makers. establishment ofthe Cap-Vert Peninsula Biosphere Reserve. PCUcannot retain competent staff M Projectwill support PCUthroughout throughout the Project. unplementation. From Componentsto Outputs Communities cannot agree amongst M Facilitators will help mediate conflicts. themselves on subprojects. Subproject performance targets are not S Subprojectperformance targets will be reviewec fulfilled. for realismprior to subproject approval. Stakeholderscannot agree through S Fisheriesmanagementplans will be preparedin CNCPM on measures to reduce consultation with stakeholders. overcapacity and overfishing. OverallRisk Rating S Risk Rating H (High Risk), S (SubstantialRi - 1,M (Modest Risk), P Negligible or Low Risk) Financial Managemeat The CFAA for Senegalconcluded that the fiduciary risk of Public FinancialManagement (PFM) is - 43 - high. However, the Government istakingactions to addressthe issuesthat were identified. Furthermore, the Government has given priority to improvements inthese areas, as it has become evident that shortcomings inpublic sector performance constitute a major constraints to economic development andpoverty reduction inSenegal. Because o f the highfiduciary risk at the country level, IDA has taken special measures to ensure adequate financial management of its portfolio, including the establishment o f project management units to manage IDA-financed projects andthe use o f special mechanisms to mitigate the fiduciary risk o f Bank funding. Accounting staffare hiredas consultants, typically on salaries higher thancivil service salaries, to work on projects. Furthermore, IDA projects are invariably audited by independent and competent audit firms. The following table identifies the key risks at the project level and provides a basis for determining how management should address these risks. H MLN Comments H : High M : Moderate L .' low N/A : NotApplicable 3. Possible Controversial Aspects: The most controversial issue is the potential loss o f access to certain fishing areas by migrant fishermen. This will be mitigated by including migrantfishermen incomanagement agreements, andby facilitating the reconversion o f affected fishermen to other activities. - 44 - G. Main Financing Conditions 1. Effectiveness Conditions 0 The Borrower has: (i) establishedthe accounting and financial managementsystem for the Project satisfactory to the Association, and (ii)appointed independentauditors for the Project with experienceandqualifications satisfactoryto the Association. 0 The Borrower has openedthe Project Account andhas depositedtherein the initialdeposit referredto inSection 3.04 (b) o fthe DCA. 0 The Borrower has adoptedthe Project Implementation Manual, including the PIP, inform and substance satisfactory to the Association (Project ImplementationPlan, Manual o f Financial andAccounting Procedures, detailed ProcurementPlanfor the first 12months, Communication Plan, andMonitoring and Evaluation Manual). 0 The Borrower has completed the work program, including the budget andthe procurement plan for the first year o fProject implementation, satisfactory inform and substance to the Association. 0 The Borrower has staffed the PCUwith a Project coordinator and specialistsin:(i) financial management, (ii) procurement, (iii) (iv) communication, (v) community participation, fisheries, (vi) biodiversity, (vii) administration andhumanresources, and (viii) monitoring and evaluation, all having experienceand qualifications satisfactory to the Association 0 The Borrower has identifiedfour initial sites for the implementation of fisheries comanagement activities. 0 The Borrower has appointed four facilitators for the Project. 2. Other [classify according to covenant types used in the LegalAgreements.] Board Condition There is no board condition. Other Covenants The PCUmaintains throughout project implementation records and accountsto reflectin accordancewith sound accounting practicesthe operations, resourcesand expenditures o f the Project. Records, accounts, special accounts and SOEs are audited by independent auditors acceptable to IDA throughout project implementation. The PCU ensures that the following positions are maintained at all times during project implementation ina manneracceptableto IDA: (i) Program Coordinator, (ii)Fisheries Management Specialist, (iii) Biodiversity Specialist, (iv) Information and Communication Specialist, (v) Community Participation Specialist, (vi) Financial Management Specialist, (vii) Procurement Specialist, (viii) Monitoring andEvaluationSpecialist, (ix) Administration and HumanResourcesSpecialist. The NationalBiodiversity Committee provides IDA with annualreports on its activities, during the first quarter o f the following year, throughout project implementation. Inanticipation ofthe mid-termreview, which shouldtake placenomorethan30 months after project effectiveness, the PCU commissions the preparation o f a mid-termproject report by an independentteam o freviewers, including an impact o fthe project's impact on stakeholders. The report shall be distributedto all participants inthe mid-term review at least one monthprior to the start o fhe review. - 45 - H. Readinessfor Implementation 0 1.a) Theengineeringdesigndocumentsforthefirstyear's activitiesarecompleteandreadyforthestart o f project implementation. 1.b) Not applicable. m2. The procurement documentsfor the first year's activities are complete andready for the start of project implementation. 3. The Project Implementation Plan has beenappraisedandfound to be realistic and o f satisfactory quality. 34. Thefollowingitemsarelackingandarediscussedunderloanconditions (SectionG): 1.Compliancewith Bank Policies 1. This project complies with all applicable Bankpolicies. w Q 2. The following exceptionsto Bankpolicies are recommendedfor approval. The projectcomplies with all other applicable Bank policies. P- L Yves Andre Prevost aryBarton-Dock Team Leader Sector Manager - 46 - Annex 1: Project Design Summary SENEGAL: Integrated Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project Key Performance Data CollectionStrategy Hierarchy of Objectives Indicators CriticalAssumption6 Sector-relatedCAS Goal: Sector Indicators: Sector1country reports: From Goal to Bank Mission) Integrate sustainable Reducedpoverty level o f CAS Evaluation development principles inthe people dependent on coastal management o f Senegal's and marine resources coastal and marine resources (in accordance with goal Reduced rate o f fish resource Independent evaluation o f fish number 7 o f MDGs) and depletion stocks contribute to poverty Habitats critical for reduction in coastal preservation of resources are Improvement inbiodiversity populations (inaccordance conserved o f critical habitats with the World Bank mission). GEF OperationalProgram: Outcome IImpact Indicators: OP#2 Coastal, Marine and Compliance with International Convention on FreshwaterEcosystems international conventions. Biodiversity Implementation Progress Reports. Biodiversity Conservation and Subsequent ecosystem and Sustainable Use program o f biodiversity management and activities continued and monitoring data and globalbiodiversity benefits evaluation reports. sustained beyondthe end o f the program. Project Development OutcomeI Impact Project reports: (from Objective to Goal) 0bjective: Indicators: Increasesustainable Catch per fishing effort Monitoringreports by the Exclusive user rights are management o f coastal and improvedby 10-30percent Department o f Marine effectively granted to Local marine resources in 3 pilot from baseline inmost Fisheries and CRODT. Fisher Committees. areas by communities and the community-managed fisheriee Government o f Senegal. targeted by the Project, by enc No major uncontrollable o f Project. events occur, such as climate anomalies or environmental accidents along the coast. Effectiveness o fbiodiversity ,Accordingto the Management management index improved Effectiveness Tracking Tool inthe 3 pilot areasby 20 developedby the World Bank percent at mid-term review and WWF (See note at the and 50 percent at the end o f end o f the logframe). the Project, with the active participation o f local stakeholders. Measures to alleviate the Independent participatory impact o f reduction in fishing evaluation o f targeted capacity rated satisfactory by communities at least 75 percent o ftargeted communities. I -47- Key Performance lata Collection Strategy Hlersrchy of Objectives Indicators Critical Assumptions hitputfrom each 3utput Indicators: roject reports: rom Outputs to Objective) :omponent: :omponent 1: ,oca1communities Local fisheries management igned agreements, progress :akeholders intargeted ustainably manage coastal rub-projects.implementedin4 :ports from the Department sheries agree on measures ndmarine fisheries pilot sites within 18 months o f f Marine Fisheries, and :quiredto sustainably Project startup, and idependent evaluation [anagemarine and coastal implemented inan additional sources. B pilot sites within the following 18 months. 60 percent o fLocal Fisher fonitoring reports from the nplementationo f subprojects Committees implementing lepartment o f Marine >tdelayed by bureaucracy. sub-projects comply with isheries sub-project performance targets by end o f project. National managementplans donitoringreports from the for at least 2 key fisheries are Iepartment o f Marine prepared, and approvedby the 'isheries Conseil National Consultatif des PechesMaritimes (CNCPM). 2omponent2: -oca1communities participate Participatory assessment o f ndependent assessment :xpected benefits from nthe conservation o fcritical local community involvement iodiversity management are :oastal and marine habitats inthe managementof ulfilled. indspecies biodiversity inthe three pilot areas rated satisfactory at the end o f the Project. Management effectiveness o f icore or composite index ,oca1 level stakeholders are endangered species (marine neasuring implementation ommitted to sustainably turtles, manatees, 5 species o f ;tatuso f endangered species nanaging biodiversity. water and sea birds) improved iction plan by 50 percentby the end o f the Project. The Cap-Vert Peninsula Iecree inJournal Oficiel 3ureaucratic procedures do Biosphere Reserve is tot delay the establishment 0: established before Project he Cap-Vert Peninsula closing date. 3iosphereReserve. Biodiversity and Protected lournal Officiel Area framework law promulgated before end of Project, and is in accord with commitments assumed under internationalconventions. State o fbiodiversity update Report reports prepared on an annual basis. Zomponent 3: The Project CoordinationUnit Informationsharing by Independent evaluations :ffectively manages the Project Coordination Unit 'roject (web site, newsletter, direct requests) rated satisfactory by at least 75 percent o f users, at mid-term and at the end of the Project. The awareness ofstakeholders Independentpublic awareness inpilot areas regarding the survey at inception and at causes and proposedremedies mid-term review to coastal and marine resource crisis is increased twofold prior to mid-term review. 85 percent o f quarterly and Annual evaluation o f 'CU can retaincompetent six-monthly progressreports fiduciary and technical itaffthroughout Project prepared on time. performance, and o fimpactbj mplementation. World Bank Coordination subcommittees Documentation o f established with the Senegal coordination meetings, River Basin Project, the including decisions agreed. Protection o f the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem(LME) Project, and the Project to enhance the conservation o fthe critical network o f sites requiredby migratory waterbirds on the Afiicamurasian Flyways. - 4 9 - Key Performance Data Collection Strategy Hierarchyof Objectives lndlcators Project ComponentsI Inputs: (budgetfor each roject reports: (fromComponentsto Sub-components: component) Outputs) Component 1: Management US$6.53 million o f SustainableFisheries 1.1 National level activities US$l.38 million :o improve fisheries management 1.2 Promotion and US$4.67 million Community members agree :oordination o f local on subprojects. zomanagement initiatives Subproject performance targets are fulfilled. 1.3 Institutional US$0.48 million Stakeholders agree through strengthening and capacity CNCPMto reduce building overcapacity and overfishing Component 2: Conservation US6.02 million o f Critical Habitatsand Species 2.1 Managing Ecosystems US$4.45 million 2.2 Strengthening the US$l.57 million biodiversity Conservation framework Component3. Program USti3.94 million management,M&E and Communication 3.1 Monitoring and US$2.8 million 2uarterIy and six-monthly evaluation ,eports 3.2 Coordination US$O.l million 3.3 Communication US$0.3 million 3.4 Sub-regional coordinatior US$O.1 million 3.5 PPF US0.64 million Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool. The tool hasbeendevelopedto help track andmonitor progressinthe achievement o f the World bankrWWF Alliance worldwide protectedarea management effectivenesstarget. The tracking tool has been developedto provide a quick overview of progress in improving the effectivenesso f managementinindividualprotected areas, to be filled inby the protected area manageror other relevant site staff. It has beendesignedto be easily answeredby those managing the protectedarea without further additional research. The tracking toolconsists ofa two parts: (i) a data sheet that details key information on the site, its characteristics andmanagementobjectives; andii) an assessmentform consisting of 30 questions that can be answeredby assigning a simple score between0 (poor) to 3 (excellent). - 50 - Annex 2: DetailedProjectDescription SENEGAL: IntegratedMarine and CoastalResources ManagementProject Projectcomponents The Project will comprisethree components: 1. Managementofsustainablefisheries 2. Conservation o f critical habitatsand species 3. ProgramManagement, includingmonitoring and evaluation (M&E), andcommunication The estimatedcost ofthe program is US$16.49 million, ofwhichIDA will fundUS$10million, GEF will fundUS$5 million, andthe Government o f Senegalwill fundUS$l.49 million. By Component: Project Component1. Managementof Sustainable Fisheries US$6.53 million - Thepurpose ofthis component is to increasethe sustainability o ffisheries through actions at the national and local levels. The componentwill include 3 sub-components. Sub-component 1.1: NationalLevel Activities to Improve Fisheries Management (US$1.38million) The objective ofthe sub-componentis to support actionsat the national levelto enable implementation of area-based comanagement initiatives at the local level, particularly targeting demersal species, as a critical part o f an effective national fisheries managementsystem. Up-front, the Project will fund the preparation of a strategic framework for the managemento f Senegal's fisheries, insupport of the activities ofthe SpecialCommission. The framework will guide the design and implementation of managementplans for two groups of species. Because the choice ofmanagement systemis fundamental for the effective managemento f Senegal's fish resources, the Project will broaden and support the necessary processof stakeholderdiscussionand consensusbuildingon this issue, andon the design and implementation o f the managementplans and other critical fisheries management actions. Itwill support the Conseil National Consultatifdes PZches Maritimes (CNCPM) as the forum of choice for national sector managementdiscussions, and enable it to seek independentadvice or initiate independent studies on this or related subjects. The Project will also support the developmentand implementation of a national communications strategy to bringkey sector issues to the attention of the general public, andencouragepublic interactions at the local level. The Project will support an integrated national researchprogram on specific demersalfish stocks. Finally, the Project will support a national registration program o f pirogues, taking stock of the results of a recently completed Swiss funded pilot program. Activity 1.1.1: Evaluation of Policy Options The Project will fundDPM to recruit an internationally recognized team of consultantsto conduct an in depthevaluation offisheries sector policy options for Senegal. The evaluation will start immediately aRer Project effectiveness, andwill help orient the decisions expectedfrom the Special Commission. - 51 - The consultantswill: (i) and analyze past andpresent policy choices, the prevailing institutional review framework and managementsystem, and evaluate the biological, economic andsocial impacts of these choices, and(ii) taking example on other countxies, identify and analyze potential policy options, the institutionalandregulatory changes eachwill require, and evaluate the biological, economic and social costs andbenefits of each option. The evaluation will take stock of ongoing activities such as the study onthe establishment of a user-rightssystem, andpilot efforts to establishLocalArtisanal Fisheries Councils. The evaluation will consider all possibleoptions available, including comanagementandthe use of area-based comanagement. Resourceswill also include targetedtechnical assistance (TA) to help supervise the team of consultants, andsupport for consensus building. Activity 1.1.2: Fisheries Management Plans The COMO willwithin 6 months after Project effectivenessinitiatethe preparation of fisheries managementplans, as requiredby the 1998 Fisheries Law. Plans for at least 2 key fisheries or groups of species will bepreparedby an intemationally recognizedteam of consultants, incooperation with CRODT. The Government will select the target fisheries from a list that has already been agreedto by IDA. Eachplanwill include: (i) Allowable Catch(TAC) for thetarget group of species, (ii) Total an allocation ofavailable resourcesbetweenartisanal and industrialfleets, (iii) limitations on industrial fishingeffort, (iv) reduction targets infishing capacity, (v) localmanagementmeasures, (vi) Monitoring, Control and Surveillance measures, (vii) aprocessto identifyandprovide compensationto fishermen that will have to reducetheir fishingeffort or leave the sector because o f implementation of the plan, and(viii) the identificationofpotential impacts onwomen. Final draft managementplans will be ready within 18 months of Project effectiveness, and approved and implemented by mid-term review. The Project will also support an annualevaluation ofthe implementation o f each plan, and an annual adjustment inlightof evaluation results. Resourceswill include consultants, andtargetedTA to assist inoverseeingthe preparation, implementation, evaluation and revisionofthe plans. Activity 1.1.3: Support to the National Consultative Councilfor Marine Fisheries (CNCPM) The Project will supportthe CNCPMto function as the primary negotiation andconsensus-building forum among stakeholdersfor each ofthe key fisheries managementplans, including Local Artisanal Fisheries Councils and LocalFisherCommittees. The CNCPM will be called uponto review the final draft plans andto suggest changes and amendments. The COMO, with the help o fthe targeted TA mentionedinActivity 1.1.1 and 1.1.2, will oversee the finalization o fthe plans on the basis o fthe CNCPM review. Resourceswill include operating expenses, specialized studies, TA, and training. Activity I.I.4: Awareness Building The Project will fund a consultancy to develop an information, education and communication planto increaseawareness andunderstandingregardingthe principles andbenefits of comanagement systems promotedby the Project, including area-basedcomanagement. The planwill be developedinclose cooperation with localNGOs such as the Oc6anium andWWF, will take into account ongoing IEC activities under the PAPA-Sud (Projet d'rlppui d la Pdche Artisanale), andwill constitute a key - 52 - buildingblock ofthe Project'soverall Communication Plan. Awueness campaignswill target: (i) fisher communities inthe three pilot areas, including the members of LocalFisheries Councils and Local Fisheries Committees, (ii) professional organizations involved inthe fisheries sector, such as the FENAGIE, and (iii) generalpublic at the national level. the Resources will include consultants, and support for conducting the campaigns. Activity 1.1.5:Research on Demersal Fish Stock The COMO, with the support ofthe previously mentionedtargetedTA, will design within 3 months of Project effectivenessanincrementalprogram o f fisheries researchspecifically targeted at definingthe life cycles of key demersal species. The COMO will initiate a contract with the CRODT within 6 months after Project effectivenessto managethe implementation o fthis program. The programwill also: (i) the relationshipsbetweenkey demersalspecies andthe overall marine identify environment, (ii) considerthe impact of external factors such as marineprotected areas, pollution and other forms o fhumaninterference, and (iii) assess the socioeconomic impact o f ongoing management efforts, to provide a framework to evaluatethe socioeconomic impact o f local andnational management plans. The program will provide for the integration ofthe resultsfrom the local level participatory fish stock evaluation programs that will take place at the 12pilot sites o f the Project (Activity 1.2.4), andwith the EcosystemManagementPlansthat will be preparedunderComponent 2. The researchprogramwill also complement ongoing, routine assessmentsof specific demersalspecies. Inaddition, the working group will create anoperationalplanningframework for researchdesignedto support national level management plans, andlocal level comanagement,including area-based comanagement. Resourceswill include TA, support for incremental researchandresearchequipment. Activity 1.1.6:Registration of Pirogues, and Monitoring of Industrial Fleet No national system exists yet to register the more than 10,000 pirogues operating inSenegalese and foreign waters. Registration is neededto monitor artisanalfishing operations as part of nationaland localmanagementplans. Registration also supports the collection and interpretation o f fisheries statistics, improves the quality o f researchdata, and facilitates the creation o f area-based rightsfor fisheries. The Project will program andimplementanationwide system ofregistration, basedonthe findings and recommendationso f the recently completed Swiss supportedpilot project. This activity will support a nationwide processof consultation with fishermen, boat owners and other stakeholdersto draft a revised decree that will govern the future registration program, create and implement an information communication campaign targeting artisanal fishermen, supply registration plates andthe electronic registration systemo fthe Ministry of Maritime Economy, train local and regionalMinistry staff, and set up a system o fevaluation and control. This component may also receive parallel funding from Switzerland, which could finance electronic equipment to identifyindividual boats andelectronic registration cards. Resourceswill include TA, and support for consultations and equipment. Itis critical to Project success that Government be capableofmonitoring the movements ofindustrial vessels into the areas reservedfor artisanal fisheries. Accordingly, agreementwas reachedduring negotiationsthat all industrial vessels wouldbe equippedwith satellite-based, vesselmonitoringsystem (VMS) and that the Ministry of Maritime Economy would be capable of monitoring the movements of - 53 - industrial vessels, by the time ofthe mid-term review of the Project. Sub-component 1.2: Promotion and Coordination of Local ComanagementInitiatives WS$4.67million) The Project will support Government efforts to test local comanagemento f demersalspecies inthe three designatedpilot areas: the SenegalRiver Delta, the Cap-Vert Peninsula, and the Saloum River Delta. Inline with the 1998FisheriesAct, LocalArtisanal FisheriesCouncilshavethepower to approve comanagementproposalsoriginating from fisher communities. According to the current draft decree regarding the creation andorganization o fthese councils, the SenegalRiver Deltapilot area would be coveredby two councils, the Cap-Vert Peninsulaby 8 councils andthe Saloum River Deltaby 4 councils. The Projectwill supportthe establishment of LocalFisher Committees, either as associations(Loi de 1901), or cooperatives. Fisher Committee membershipwill be limitedto active or retired fishermen. EachCommittee will target one or more demersalfish species. Committee objectives will include: (i) resolving local conflicts over fishresources, (ii)sustainably managing fish resources, by limiting fishing effort or allowable catch, (iii)equitably allocating allowable catch among registered members, (iv) protecting criticalbreedingor nursery grounds, and (v) optimizing member income from the sale, processing, andmarketingo f fishproducts. The Project will support Fisher Committeesto identifyand formulate localfisheriescomanagement initiatives. The initiatives might include: (i)restrictions on fish sizes or on fishinggear that go beyond existing fishing regulations, (ii)limits on the daily catch, the numberof daily trips, and daily landings, (iii)allowable catch within a specific marine area, (iv) seasonal closures, and (v) exclusion zones or the establishmentof Marine ProtectedAreas. Some o fthe initiatives might involve the recognition of exclusive user rightswithin specific marineareas next to the fisher communities involved. Local Fisher Committees will submit their comanagementinitiatives to the relevantLocal Fisheries Council, including incremental monitoring, control and surveillance measuresto ensure compliance with initiatives, andanestimatedbudget. The Project will provide support to Local Councils to packagethe initiatives originating from within theirjurisdiction into annual managementplans for demersal species, andto submitthese planto the Departmentof Marine Fisheriesfor approval. The original comanagementinitiatives will be attachedto the annualmanagementplans. Following approval, the Project will fund sub-projects to assist Local Fisher Committees inthe implementation o ftheir comanagementinitiatives. The managementplanswill spell out the Monitoring, Control, and Surveillance (MCS) measures requiredto ensure compliance o ffishingactivities inthe Council's area ofjurisdiction with fisheries regulations, including Council by-laws andrestrictions associatedwith comanagement initiatives. Local level MCS activities will be coordinated with national level MCS activities. The Project will support DPMto recruit andtrain facilitators, to assist communities inthe creation and operation o f FisherCommittees, andinthe formulation, approval and implementation o ftheir comanagementinitiative. Facilitators, incollaboration with staff from the Centre de Recherches OcCanographiquesde Dakar-Thiaroye, will assistLocalCommittees indefining tailor-made participatory fish stock evaluation programinsupport o ftheir comanagementinitiative. Results o f this program will enable Committees to adjust the comanagementinitiatives, and for Local Councils andthe DPMto monitor their performance. - 54 - Successful implementation of the Project will require the prior establishmentand effective operation of Local Fisheries Councils inthe pilot areas. Itwas agreedduring negotiations that Councils are unlikely to be inplace at Project effectivenessinthe Project'spilot areas, andthat initially the comanagement initiatives inthe first four pilot sites will be directly submitted to the Minister of Maritime Economy for approval. Itwas also agreed that Council by-laws will reflect the following concerns: (i) at least one representativeof eachLocal FisherCommittee within their jurisdiction is apermanentmember ofthe Council, (ii) least4 LocalFisher Committee representativesparticipate inCouncil meetings when at local management initiatives are discussed, and inany working group establishedby the Council to prepareannual managementplans, and(iii) comanagementproposalssubmitted by LocalFisher all Committees intheir area ofjurisdiction are givenappropriate consideration and are incorporated into annualfisheries managementplans. Activity 1.2.1: Selection of Initial Pilot Sites A team consisting ofthe COMO Coordinator, the Officer inchargeofArtisanal Fisheries inthe Department o fMarineFisheries, the Officer incharge of the relevant Service Dbpartemental des Pgches et de la Surveillance, andthe Fisheries Management Specialist from the UCP, with the support of an international expert infisheries comanagement, will select 2 pilot sites inthe Cap-Vert Peninsula pilot area and 2 pilot sites within the Saloum River Delta pilot areaprior to Project effectiveness. The selection team will take stock o f the Fisheries Baseline Study fhdedby the PHRD Grant, ongoing work by the Parc National des fles de la Madeleine with fishingcommunities, andprior work by IUCNin the Saloum River Delta. The team will visit all fishing communities within the two pilot areas andusing rapidappraisal techniques rate themaccording to the following criteria: (i) the presencenearbyof localized demersalfish stocksthat are mainly exploited by the community, (ii) a strong desire on the partofthe community to implement comanagementinitiatives for these fish stocks, (iii) expected the benefits from the comanagementinitiative, (iv) potential risks associatedwith the comanagement initiative. The team will then selectthe communities where comanagementinitiatives are most likely to succeed. The selectionteam will then inform the selectedcommunities, explaining the steps that will be followed before their initiative is officially recognized. Following selectiono fthe pilot sites, the COMO will initiate the recruitment of local consultantsto preparea social, economic andpoliticalbaseline studiesfor eachpilot site, to identifjlandminimizethe risks that mightbe associatedwith the implementation o fthe proposedcomanagementinitiative. The baselinewill include: (i) evaluation o f the number of fishermen concernedby the initiatives, (ii) an the importance, position and role o fthis group within the community, (iii) identificationo f fishermen the outside the group that might be affected by the proposedmeasures, (iv) the relationship o fthe initiative to women and other groups within the community, (v) a poverty profile of the fishermen behindthe initiative and o ftheir community o f origin, and (vi) the identificationofpotential risks, includingthe causes o fpast conflicts, andthe formulation ofmitigationmeasures. At the start o f their work, the consultants will explain its purpose to the target communities. The baselinestudieswill be completed within 3 months afkr Project effectiveness. Activity 1.2.2: Identijkation of Local Comanagement Initiatives The 4 initialfacilitators will undergo in-country orientation andwill visit comanagementinitiatives ina foreign country for 2 months, before being posted inthe field. Training will cover: (i) the principles o f comanagement, including scientific, technical, social and legal aspects, (ii) the objectives, activities and implementation calendar o f the Project, (iii) reporting requirements,including monitoringand Project evaluation, andkey performance indicators, (iv) the use o fcommunication and participationmethods. The international consultant will: (i) the initial orientation, (ii) a Facilitator Procedures conduct draft - 55 - Manual, (iii) a communication strategy and communication material for use by the facilitators in design their respectivepilot sites, and (iv) provide direct technical assistance to the facilitators during the first 8 months after their posting inthe field. Following their training, one facilitator will be postedineach o fthe pilot sites within 4 months after Project effectiveness. The Project will provide the facilitators with basic means of transport and communication, office equipment andoperating expenses. The Project will also fundthe construction of a Maison du PZcheur ineachpilot site that will include office space for the facilitator as well as common space and informationcenter for the fisher community. Construction of the facility will start within 2 months of Project effectivenessandwill be supervisedby the COMO-Pbche and the UCP. The facilitators will: (i) fisher communities about comanagementpossibilities, bypresenting inform demonstrationvideos or by organizing visits to ongoing initiatives, (ii) explain the approval process for comanagementinitiatives, includingthe role ofthe LocalFisheries Councils, (iii) explain the link betweenfisheries comanagement, ecosystemmanagement(Component 2), andreconversionmeasures that will be funded throughAFDS, (iv) help communities define realistic management objectives, (v) assist communities informulating their comanagementinitiatives, (vi) hcilitate the registrationofthe Local Fisher Committees that will managethe initiatives, (vii) identify monitoring, control and surveillanceneedsto ensure compliance with the initiative, including equipment needs (Activity 1.2.3), (viii) developjointly with CRODT aparticipatory fishstock evaluation programfor localtarget species (Activity 1.2.4),(ix)assistcommunities insubmittingtheir comanagementinitiatives to the relevant LocalCouncil, (x) facilitate access to resourcesmanagedby AFDS, and (xi) report on implementation progress ofthe initiative to the DPM. The facilitator will help ensurethat LocalFisherCommittees activities are equitable and transparent. He will organizetraining inconflict resolution, as well as record keeping, to ensure that the Committees' share o fresponsibility is well managed. He will facilitate contactswith locally electedofficials, with ANCAR (on landpolicy andagricultural development), with the Centres de Peflectionnement Rural, withNGOs andGovernment agencies, to assure a broad institutionalbackground to efforts to reconvert fishermen. The facilitator will provide or organizetrainingto stakeholders to broaden their knowledge base and thus increaseinstitutionalcapacity. As a corollary activity, stakeholderswill be encouragedto participate inmonitoring andevaluation activities, including the monitoring of marine andcoastalfish resources. Each Committee will be encouragedto use rapidappraisaltechniques inorder to record and documentthe specificities o f each site. The Project will also promote lateral experiencesharingbetween Local Fisher Committees from different pilot sites, to acceleratethe learningprocess. The Local Fisher Committees inthe 4 initialpilot sites will submit their respective sub-project proposalsto the MMEwithin 9 months o f Project effectiveness. MMEwill approve eligible sub-projects within 3 months of their presentation. Duringsub-project implementation, the facilitator will carry out atrainingneedsassessmentinthe target fisher community to determinewhether literacy classes are neededto strengthen managementand reporting capacity neededto assure sustainability and consistentparticipation. The Facilitator will seek ways to broadenwomen's participation ineconomic activities inthe fisheries sector, as well as to ensurethat critical actors at all levels receive some orientation on gender analysis. For initiatives that require the construction of artificial reefs, the facilitator will ensure that the request is passedon to the DPM for consideration inthe Project. Resourceswill include training, TA, local construction, equipment, and operating support to facilitators and LocalFisher Committees. - 56 - Activity 1.2.3: Local Level Monitoring, Control, and Surveillance (MCS) The Project will support local level MCS measuresrequiredto ensure compliance o f fishing activities within the geographic footprint ofthe comanagementinitiative with fisheries regulations, including CoUncil by-laws andrestrictions associatedwith comanagementinitiatives. These measures may include: (i) monitoringo f fishcatches andlandings, (ii) by law enforcement officers, (iii) patrols the surveillance of Council waters by fishermen, and (iv) proceduresto call on formal MCS capacity when trawlers intrude inprohibitedareas. Resourceswill include boats, equipment and operating support to LocalFisher Committees. Activity 1.2.4: Participatory Fish Stock Evaluation Programs The Department o f MarineFisheries will contract CRODT to preparelocal fish stock evaluation programs inresponse to informationneeds identifiedby the facilitators. CRODT will engage and oversee scientiststo implement these programs. The programs will systematically rely on local fishers for the collectionof data, to benefitfrom their knowledge of local fish resources. Programswill start within 6 months ofProject effectiveness. CRODT will develop a methodology to evaluatefish stocks in shallow waters. For each pilot site, the program will include: (i) a baselineassessmento f the stock and life cycle of fish resourcestargetedby the comanagementinitiative, (ii)baselineassessmento fthe localmarine a ecosystem, (iii) determination ofthe geographicfootprint o fthe proposedcomanagementinitiative, the (iv) a socioeconomic analysisfor the targetedresources, (v) a system for fishermen to monitor targeted resources, and (vi) yearly evaluations o fthe impact o fthe comanagementinitiative on targeted resources. CRODT will ensure the coordination of local researchefforts with national level researchefforts targeting demersalfish stocks, fundedby the Project or more generally by the Ministryof Maritime Economy. The Project will annually allocate an average o f $15,000 for data collection and researchfor each site. Resourceswill include TA, support for LocalFisherCommittees, andresearchequipment adaptedto shallow waters. Activity 1.2.5: Support to Local Fisheries Councils The Project will support the preparation ofthe Rkglements IntCrieurs for the Local Fisheries Councils that include at least one pilot site, including ifnecessary recourse to local legal consultants. The Rkglements IntCrieurswill define basic parameters for the Council, such as: Council procedures, main fish species andfisheries concerned,area covered, andlocalMCS measures. The Project will also support the preparation o f annual managementplansby the Councils, ifnecessary with the support o f the international consultant recruited by the Project. Eachmanagementplans will integrate the comanagement initiatives submitted by Local FisherCommittees into a coherent managementplanfor the Council's area. Finally, the Project will fundindependent evaluationso f the implementation of the annual management plans. Resourceswill include TA, equipment and operating costs. Activity 1.2.6: Monitoring and Evaluation - 57 - The COMO will initiate the preparation of a systemto monitor the performance of comanagement initiatives by the DPM, its facilitators, and CRODT, and with the support o f the international expert in fisheries comanagement, within 6 months of Project effectiveness. Indicators for eachpilot site and comanagementinitiative will be developedinpartnershipwith the concernedLocalFisher Committees. The draR system will be available within 12 months o fProject effectiveness. The DPM, with the participation o fthe Local Fisher Committees, will use the monitoringsystem to measureannual progress inachieving the objectives o fthe sub-project. Resourceswill include TA andoperating costs. Activity I.2.7: Evaluation of the Performance of ComanagementInitiatives The COMO will initiate an independentindepth evaluation of the implementationo f comanagement initiatives at the four initialpilot sites, within 24 months o f Project effectiveness. Completionofthe evaluation andincorporation o f its recommendationsinto the designo f comanagementinitiatives by the DPM will be the trigger for adding eight additional pilot sites, Selection of these new sites will be as in Activity 1.2.1. Selectionwill be completed beforethe mid-termreview, and the review will confirm adjustmentsto the initial design andthe decision to increasethe numbero fpilot sites from four to eight. Depending on the workload, logistics andgeography, eacho fthe four initialfacilitators will support the development of comanagementinitiatives inan additional pilot site. The DPMwill also recruit at least two additional facilitators. The COMO will initiate a second in-depth evaluation o fthe implementation o f comanagement initiatives at the 12pilot sites, within 48 months o f Project effectiveness. This secondevaluation will identify adjustmentsthat needto be made to the legal, regulatory andinstitutional framework for fisheries management, to better support comanagementinitiatives and to incorporate them into the national fisheries managementsystem. As necessary, the Project will then supportthe implementation ofthese adjustments. Resourceswill include TA and operating costs. Sub-component 1.3 Institutional Strengtheningand CapaciqBuilding (US$0.48million) Activity 1.3.1: Support to the COMO-P&he Implementation of the proposedarea-based comanagementsystem will also require capacity within the Ministxy of Marine Economy. The Project will support the establishmentof an implementation unit ( COMO-P&he) to managethe implementation o f Component 1. Mostparticularly, the COMO will: (i) oversee the program o f activities at eachpilot sites, (ii) CRODT indesigningandimplementing direct the national andlocal researchprograms supportedby the Project; (iii) monitor andevaluatethe effectivenessofthe proposedcomanagement system andMCS measures at the pilot sites, (iv) adjust the comanagementsystem as required, and (v) help the Ministry o f MarineEconomy adjust its institutional structure andregulatory framework to the new system. Activity 1.3.2: Strengthening Capacity of the Ministry of Marine Economy and CRODT in Designing Participatory Research Programsfor ComanagementInitiatives The Project will support the training o f staff from MMEand CRODT involved inthe implementation of Component 1, to accommodatethe introductionof comanagementandparticipatory researchintheir work programs. A special trainingprogram involving on-the-job training andthe use o f case studies will be designedby a consultant to train staff. - 58 - Activity 1.3.3: Capacity Building in the Design and Implementation of ComanagementInitiatives The COMO will establishaprogram to informandtrain representativesofprofessional organizations about the potential benefits and constraintsof comanagementexperiences in Senegaland abroad, including area-based comanagement. The trainingprogram will particularly aim to prepareprofessional organizations to play aneffective role inLocalArtisanal Fisheries Councils, and inplaying a more effective role inCNCPM. Project Component 2. Conservation of Critical Habitatsand Species US$6.02 million - The purposeofthis componentis to improve the long-term managementofecosystems inthe three designatedpilot areas: the SenegalRiver Delta, the Cap-Vert Peninsula, andthe Saloum River Delta. This will be done by: (i) supporting ecosystemmanagementineacho f the pilot areas, according to an ecosystemapproach, and(ii) restructuringthe biodiversity managementframework, to overcome the constraintsthat have limitedthe effective managementand protection o f ecosystems nationwide. Sub-component 2.1: Managing Ecosystems (US$4.45million) The Projectwill support Government'schoice ofBiosphereReservesas the key instrument to manage ecosystems inthe three designatedpilot areas. More specifically, the Project will strengthenthe existing Saloum Delta Biosphere Reserve, provide assistanceto the proposed SenegalRiverDelta Biosphere Reserve, andhelp establishthe Cap-Vert Biosphere Reserve. Each of these Biosphere Reserveswill consolidate existingprotected areas that will serve as anchor sites for ecosystem managementactivities. Inallthree instances, theProjectwill helpto putinplace anEcosystemManagementCommitteewith majority representationby local authorities, andwill support its operation. These committees will bring together representativesof local managementcommittees, including managementcommittees for protected areas. As necessary, the Project will support the establishment o f such site committees. The EcosystemManagement Committee will be chairedby a representativeo fthe local communities; the Commissioner incharge o f one o fthe protectedareas included inthe Biosphere reservewould serve as Secretary. The DPNwill designate a Deputy Commissioner for the protectedareaconcemed, to allow the Commissioner to fulfillthis duty. Localauthorities will include Regional Development Agencies, the Rural Community Councils, LocalFisheriesManagementCommittees describedinComponent 1 of the Project, and other community-based organizations (CBOs). The other members will consist of: (i) representativesfrom Government departmentsconcemedwith the managemento fthe site's ecosystem andbiodiversity, such as the Commissioners ofthe protected areaswithin the pilot area, officers from the Department ofForestry, officers from the MinistryofFisheries, representativesoflocalfisheries councils, comanagement facilitators mentioned inComponent 1, andregional officers from the Ministry o fAgriculture, and (ii) representativesfrom other projects and from NGOs involved inthe pilot area. The EcosystemManagement Committees will allow stakeholdersto influence the managemento f ecosystems andbiodiversity within the relevant pilot area, most particularly by reviewing the activities funded through the Project. The Committee will oversee the preparation andmonitor the implementationof an ecosystemmanagementplanfor each of the pilot areas that will reflect a model o f sustainableeconomic use o fnaturalresources, and biodiversity conservation. The plans will set goals, prioritizes investments andrecommend specific management activities. Eachplanwill consolidate existing plans for the anchor sites. As necessary, the plan will also support the preparation of managementplans for these sites, or update existing management plans. Measures under the planwill include: (i) rehabilitation andmaintenanceo finfrastructure inexistingprotected the - 59 - areas, (ii) establishmentof Community Nature Reservesor MarineProtectedAreas within the the Biosphere Reserve, (iii)investment, including small works, to maintainor rehabilitate ecological functions inthe BiosphereReserve, (iv) agreements for the comanagementof coastal andmarine resources,to provide environmentally sustainablesources o f revenuefor communities livinginand around protectedareas, (v) participatory assessmentsandmonitoring o fbiodiversity within the Biosphere Reserve, (vi) participatory surveillance andenforcement o fbiodiversityprotection, (vii) measuresto involve communities inproviding servicesto tourists, (viii) capacity and awareness buildingfor local stakeholders, to fulfillthe abovepoints, and(ix)a systemto monitor andevaluate performance and impact duringthe implementation o fthe plan. Preparation of the planwill also include a detailedbaseline assessmentof ecosystems and biodiversity, including mapping o f natural habitats, most particularly marinehabitats, inthe Biosphere Reserves. The DPN will supervise the preparation of these plans. Eachplanwill be preparedby a competitively selectedconsultant. The TORSwill be finalized inclose consultation with local stakeholders. The relevant EcosystemManagementCommittee will review the dr& plan, recommendchanges and approve the final version. Inthe meantime, interimmeasureshavebeenidentifiedfor eachofthe three pilotareas, which include expenditures andactivities inthe annualwork plans o fprotected areasthat have remained unfunded, as well as measuresto increasethe involvement ofneighboring populations inthe sustainablemanagement o f marine and coastalresources, suchas ecotourism, participatory biodiversity assessmentsandlocal surveillance committees. The Project will fundthe implementation of the ecosystemmanagementplanfor the periodremahhg untilProject completion. The listofactivities to be funded withinthe planwill be finalized duringthe mid-term review. 2.1.1 SenegalRiver Delta The Government of Senegalandthe Government ofMauritaniahaveagreedto establisha transboundary Biosphere Reserveinthe Senegal River Deltathat would include the Parc National des Oiseaux duDjoudj (PNOD), the Rtserve Sptciale de Faune du Ndiael, the Rtserve Sptciale de Faune de Geumbeul,andthe Parc National de la Langue de Barbarie inSenegal, andthe Parc National du Diawling inMauritania. A joint submission to UNESCO for designation o fthe reserve is expectedin May 2005. An option being consideredis the inclusion o f the Town of Saint-Louis, which is already recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The Project will helpestablisha Delta EcosystemManagement Committee that will addressecosystem issues on the Senegalese side o fthe delta. The Committee will be chaired by a localrepresentative selectedby the Comitt Rtgional de Dtveloppement (CRD) o f Saint-Louis. The PNOD Commissioner will serve as Committee Secretary. Itwill include key regionalplayers, such as the Socittt Nationale d'Amtnagementet d'Exploitation des TerresduDelta du Fleuve Stntgal (SAED), Organisationpour Mise en Valeur du Fleuve Stntgal (OMVS),the Projet d'Amtnagementet DtveloppementInttgrt du Ndiael (PADIN), the PGIES, fisher communities such as Guet Ndar, anda representativefrom the Saint-Louis Fisheries Council. The consultative committees for the 4 protected areas will be represented inthe Delta EcosystemManagementCommittee. Members o f the EcosystemManagement Committee would sit on the govemance body o fthe proposed Biosphere Reserve. The Project will fund the preparation of a managementplanfor the Senegalese part of the proposed Biosphere Reserve, buildingon: (i) the draft managementplanfor the PNOD and its buffer zone, prepared with GTZ support, (ii) the managementplan for the PNLB, initiated with the support o f AFD, - 60 - (iii)proposals preparedby the Projet d'Amdnagementet DdveloppementZntdgrt du Ndiael (PADIN), (iv) studiesby the Socidtd Nationale d'Amtnagementet d'Exploitationdes TerresduDelta duFIeuve Sdndgal (SAED), (v) baselinestudies of the Lower Delta fundedunder the Long Term Water Supply Project (LTWS), (vi) PGIES activities inthe area o fthe Rdsewe Spdciale de Faune de Geumbeul,and (viii) the WWFproposal to establishaMarineProtectedArea offthe coast of Saint-Louis. The overridingconcernofthe planwill bethe rehabilitation andmaintenanceofthe ecological functions inthe deltathatarelinkedtotheseasonalfloodsofthe SenegalRiver, includingnurserygroundsfor marinespecies, recessionrangelands, forest groves ofAcacia nilotica, andseasonal pondsusedby palearctic migrantsfor wintering andby afrotropical water birds for breeding. The biggest planning challenge is the interface betweenthe maintenanceo f ecological functions andthe requirementsof irrigatedagriculture, which is the dominant economic activity inthe delta. A secondchallenge is the linkage betweenbiodiversity conservation along the coast andthe activities o f fishermen basedin Saint-Louis. The managementplanwill be completedwithin 18 months of Project effectiveness, givingenoughtime for the LTWS studies to be concluded. Itwill include completion ofthe planfor the PNLB, and updates for the PNOD andNdiael plans. Itwill include measuresto protect breeding sites for sea turtles and sea birds. Measuresproposed inthe planwill also seek to avoid the spreadof invasive water plants andto reduceexposureof inhabitants ofthe deltato bilharzia. Finally, the managementplanwill take into account the planpreparedby Mauritanianauthorities for their part o f the delta. Interimmeasuresto be implementedwhile the planis preparedinclude the renewal o fkey equipment andthe rehabilitation ofinfi-astructureinthe 4 existing protected areas, participatory monitoringof biodiversity, most particularly sea turtles, sea birdsandwater birds, awareness campaigns for local stakeholders,the promotion of ecotourism and local surveillance committees. 2.1.2 Cap-VertPeninsula The inhabitants o fYoff have unsuccessllly attemptedto create a Biosphere Reserve centering on the IslandofTeungubnein 1996. Although this attempt expressed deep concernsonthe part ofthe Lkbou community regardingthe degradation of coastalhabitats, the proposal was rejected because it didnot makea clearlinkbetweenthese concernsandthe managementofmarine andcoastalresources. The current proposal overcomesthis problem by broadening the geographic imprintto include three existing protected areas, the Parc National des fies de la Madeleine (PNIM), the RdseweNaturelle de Poponguine, theRdserveNaturelle Communautairede la Somone,andthe Forit Classde de Mbao, by involving all of the fishing communities inthe Cap-Vert Peninsula(Yoff, Ngor, Ouakam, Soumbkdioune, Hann, Thiaroye, Mbao, Bargny, Rufisque, Yenne, Poponguine and Somone), andby including the Baie de Hann,which constitutes a major nursery ground for Senegal's fisheries. The proposedReserve would include 70 kmof shoreline from CambBrbneto Somone, including all o fthe shoreline o fthe City of Dakar (see Annex 11for further details), andthe marinehabitat up to a distance o f 6 nautical miles from the coastline. The estimatedarea of the Reservewould be approximately 1,000 km2.The Reserve would include the IslandofNgor andthe IslandofGorke, inadditionto the Islando f Teungubne andthe fles de la Madeleine. The focus would be on the Peninsula's marine habitat, but portions ofthe landmass would be included, ifdetermined to have a direct incidence on the marine habitats. The Project will helpestablishthe Cap-Vert MarineEcosystemManagement Committee (Comitdde Gestiondes &cosyst2mes Marins de la Presqu'fie du Cap-Vert: COGEM). A local representative selectedby the traditional leadership of the Lebou community will chair the Committee. The PNIM Commissioner will serve as Committee Secretary. Committee membership will include the custodians -61 - of the 12 Leboucoastalholy sites, representativeso fthe Advisory Committees set up underthe initiative of the PNIMCommissioner, representativeso fthe Collectfdes femmes pour la protection de la nature (COPRONAT) inPoponguine-Somone,representativesof fisher communities, the city of Dakar, localcouncils, the Islandof Gorke, the airport, the harbor, hotelowners, the Haute autoriti de la corniche,the SociktdImmobili4re du Cap Vert (SICAP), the O@ce National dXssainissment (ONAS), NGOs,andrepresentativesof Governmentdepartmentsconcernedwith the managemento fthe Cap-Vert peninsula's coastline. The Committee will serve as a forum to express concerns about the degradation o fcoastal habitats and to identify solutions. The Project will fund the preparation of a managementplanfor the Cap-Vert PeninsulaBiosphere Reserve, buildingon: (i) the draft managementplanfor the PNIMpreparedwith AFD support, (ii) the study onthe Espace Nature1 Communautaire de Popenguine, funded through the PHRD grant, (iii) the environmental audit o fthe SomoneRiverbasin, fundedunder the PHRD, (iv) proposals by the Oc6anium to establish Marine ProtectedAreas inBargny-Rufisque, along the coast o f Soumbkdioune-Ouakam,andnext to the Island o fGorke, (v) the initiative by the Islando fGorke to create a Community Marine Area, (vi) efforts by the local government of Hannto cleanup its shoreline, (vii) measuresfundedby the LongTerm Water Supply Project to controlthe flow o findustrial and domestic sewage into the Baiede Hann,and (viii) the Aire du Patrimoine Communautairede Teungukne-Yo8 The overridingconcern ofthe planwillbe the protection offish breeding andnursery groundsalong the coastline, with a particular focus on the marine biodiversity endemic to the rocky bottoms o fthe Peninsula, including remnantso f coral inthe vicinity o f the Islandof Gorke. The focus inthe terrestrial portionofthe Reservewill the preservationo fthe hes de la Madeleine as a breeding site for Tropicbirds and GreaterCormorants, the preservation of coastalmarchesusedby waders, andthe protection of sea turtle breeding sites inthe Yenne-Somone portion o f the Reserve. The biggest challenge will be to get local fishermen to buy into the Biosphere ReserveConcept as a meansto increasethe sustainability o f local fisheries. A secondcritical challenge will be the overbearing proximity of the city of Dakar andits expanding suburbs. The Project will present the establishment o f the Biosphere Reserveas an opportunity to improve the quality o f life of coastalpopulations. The ecosystemmanagementplanwill be completedwithin 18 months of Project effectiveness,andthe Government o f Senegalwill submit the proposal to UNESCO to designate the Reserveprior to the mid-term review. The planwill include a managementplanfor the Somone-Poponguine CNR. Interim measuresto be implemented while the plan is preparedincludethe renewal o fkey equipment andthe rehabilitation of infrastructure inthe 2 existing protected areas, support to the establishment o f Marine ProtectedAreas inBargnyand Gorke, support to the GortSe CNR andpossibly support to a CNR in Ouakam-Yoff, awareness campaigns andparticipatory assessments o f marinebiodiversity. 2.1.3 Saloum Delta The Saloum Delta Biosphere Reservewas establishedin 1980,with the PareNational du Delta du Saloum (PNDS) at its core. The Government has announcedits intentionto expandthe Reserveto include the adjoining RiseweNaturelle Communautairede Palmarin. Once this processhas been completed, the Government o f Senegalandthe Government o f The Gambia intend to create a transboundaryBiosphere Reserveby adding the NiumiNational Park to the SaloumDelta Biosphere Reserve. The Project will support this two-step process and assistthe Government o f Senegal inhe managementof its portion o fthe Reserve. The Project will help establishthe Saloum Delta Marine Ecosystem Management Committee (Comiti de gestion des kcosystkmes Marins du delta du Saloum: COGEM-Saloum). The chairman will be - 62 - selectedby localauthorities. The PNDS Commissioner will serve as Committee Secretary. Committee membership will explicitly include representativeso fthe Local FisheriesCommittees establishedunder Component 1, as well as the comanagementfacilitators, as well as other stakeholders. The key challenge for this Committee i s to establisha dialogue betweenfishermen and conservation interests in the Saloum River Delta. The Project will fundthe preparation of a managementplan for the Senegaleseportiono fthe Saloum delta Biosphere Reserve, buildingon: (i) the draft managementplanfor the existing Biosphere Reserve andthe draft Code of Conduct, preparedby IUCN, (ii) ofWAAME, (iii) activities activities o fthe PGIES to create a Community Nature Reserve inDjinack, (iv) the UNEP/GEF Project for Enhancing conservation o fthe critical network of sites required by migratory water birdson the African/Eurasian Flyways, (v) researchactivities of CRODT, such as the Etude despichepies de la Riserve de Biosphtre du Delta du Saloum,andthe Dynamiquesd'exploitationet de valorisation des ressources halieutiques du PNDS,(vi) the establishmento fa Marine ProtectedArea inBamboung through the Priservation des ressourceshalieutiquespar les communautisdepzcheursproject, executedby the OcCaniumandfunded by the fiench GEF, (vii) activities of the Conservation andResearcho f West African Aquatic Mammals (COREWAM), and(viii) the GTZ funded Promotiono f Self-help Structures for NaturalResourceManagement inthe Sine-Saloum. The planwill address two major concems: (i) agreementwith neighboring fishing communities reaching on a set o fmeasures to sustainablymanagemarine biodiversity within the Saloum Delta, including the reduction o fby-catch of dolphins and sea turtles, the elimination o f traditional huntingfor manatees, strict protection o fbirdcolonies duringthe breeding season, andsustainableharvesting o f shellfish in tidal mudflats, and (ii) adoption o f sustainable fishing practices throughout the Biosphere Reserve, the basedon an assessment of fish resourcesanda recognition o f area-based rights, as proposed in Component 1. O f particularconcern are approximately 500 km2of marine habitat within the PNDS where traditional artisanal fishermen are authorized to fish. The ecosystemmanagementplanwill be completed within 12months ofProject effectiveness, andthe Government o f Senegal will submitthe proposal to UNESCO to expandthe existingReservewithin 24 months o f Project effectiveness. Thejoint submission for the transboundaryReservewill be done within 36 months after effectiveness. Interimmeasuresto beimplementedduringthe first 12months will include activities inthe annualwork planofthe PNDS andthe PalmarinCNR, as well as activities previouslyfundedby IUCN. These measure include the renewal o f key equipmentandthe rehabilitation of infrastructure inthe 2 existing protected areas, capacity buildingfor local stakeholders, targeted technical assistance to help establish a Marine Protected Area inBamboung, andawarenesscampaigns and participatory assessments o f sea turtles, dolphins, manatees and sea birds. 2.1.4 Supportto theNational MAB Committee The Projectwill supportthe NationalMABCommittee to the extent requiredto ensure the establishment or redesigno f Biosphere Reservesinthe three pilot areas. Expenditures will include the use of consultantsto preparenominationdossiers andthe organization of meetings. Sub-Component 2.2: Strengthening the Biodiversity ConservationFramework (US$1.51million) The Sub-component will support efforts o f the Government o f Senegalto update the framework for biological diversity, indudinga thorough revision ofthe legal framework, the institutionalframework, andthe govemance mechanism, andthe establishmentof a mechanismto ensure long-term - 63 - sustainability. Activity 2.2.1: Biodiversity and Protected Area Act The Project will supportthe preparation o f a Biodiversity and ProtectedArea Act, setting national biodiversity managementobjectives, incorporating obligations under international conventions and treatiesthat Senegalhas signed, defining the different types o fprotected areas, their objectives and managementprinciples, adopting comanagementas a drivingprinciple and setting comanagement guidelines, redefining the mandateofDPN, and defining the mandateof the National Biodiversity Committee and its linkto the DPN. The DPN will supervise preparation of the Act. A competitively selectedconsultant will preparea draft within 12months after Project effectiveness. The consultantwill identify all available options for the fbture institutionalftamework, and submit them for review to the national BiodiversityCommittee. One ofthe options that will be consideredis the establishment ofa semi-autonomous Biodiversity and ProtectedArea Agency (ABAP inFrench), with its own governancemechanism. Adoption of the Act is scheduledbefore the mid-term review. Activity 2.2.2: Strengtheningof DPN The Project will provide support to the DPNto reorganizeitselfaccording to the new mandatespelled out inthe Biodiversity andProtectedArea Act. The exact nature o f this support will be determined duringthe mid-termreview andwill most likely include capacity building, equipment, consultanciesand smallworks. Prior to the adoption ofthe Act, the DPNwill operateaccording to the institutional framework developedin2003. The Project will support the establishmento fa Cellule Opkrationnelle de Mise en Oeuvre (COMO) within the DPNto oversee the implementation of Component2, including: (i) coordinating, monitoring andevaluating ecosystemmanagementactivities inthe 3 pilotareas (Sub-component 2.l),(ii) preparing the Biodiversity and ProtectedArea Act, (iii) monitoring the status of biodiversity nationwide, (iv) supporting the National Biodiversity Committee, and(v) conducting studies and consultation to establisha biodiversity trust fimd. Withinthe DPN, the COMOwill oversee: (i) fbll implementation ofthe 2003 institutional the framework, (ii) strengtheningo f DPN's overall performance monitoringand evaluation framework, (iii) training of officers inparticipatory planningand incommunication, (iv) technical training in biodiversity managementtechniques (focusing on coastalbiodiversity), (v) organization o fDPNs archives anddocumentation, and(vi) education, information, and communication activities, including awarenesscampaignsregardingmarine and coastalbiodiversity. Overall performance monitoringand evaluation will focus on the performance o fmanagementand annualwork plans for the protected areas (Biosphere Reserves, National Parks, Wildlife Reserves, Special Reserves, Marine ProtectedAreas andCommunity Nature Reserves) overseenby the DPN. It will cover all activities within the DPN work program. Resources will include critical equipment, training andtechnical assistance, andoperating expenses required by the COMO to oversee implementation o f Component 2. Activity 2.2.3: National Biodiversity Committee and Biodiversity Monitoring The Project will support the NationalBiodiversity Committee (NBC) to monitor and evaluatethe state ofbiodiversity inSenegal, to preparea State of Biodiversity Reportwith annual updates, andto disclose the Report andupdatesto the general public. The report will indicate the status andtrends o f - 64 - significant or threatenedspecies andhabitats. Biodiversity monitoringwill includedata gatheredby DPNandby other stakeholders, such as the UNDP:funded PGIES. The NBC will identify knowledge gaps andrecommendto DPNthat it initiate targeted studies or coordinate monitoringprograms. The Projectwill fund certainkey studies, most particularly regardingseaturtles and dolphins, but the NBC will also seek the support ofthe conservation community, as well as the assistanceofnationaland foreignresearchers throughresearch agreements. Government will establish a Secretariat for the NationalBiodiversity Committee withinDPN, before January 1,2005. The Projectwill support Secretariat, including:(i) management of a biodiversity information system, to managethe data andrecords resultingfrom the above-mentionedmonitoring activities, (ii) preparationofdraftbiodiversityreport andupdates, which will be adoptedby the NBC, and (iii) information, communicationandeducationactivities relatedto the Biodiversity Convention, includingthe development of a web site. A study fundedunder the PHRDgrant will define the set of biodiversity indicatorsthat will be regularly documented. Activity 2.2.4: Sustainable Financing Inpartnership withW F , the Projectwill fund a feasibility study andconsultationsregardingthe Establishment of aTrust Fundfor BiodiversityConservation inSenegal. The processwill be managed by the National Biodiversity Committee. The study will builduponthe results of the ongoingPublic Expenditure Review andEconomicAnalysis of Biodiversity, funded under the PHRD grant. Itwill also take into account documents producedby the GUST, as well as the efforts to establishan International Niokolo Koba Foundationin 1993. Project Component 3. Program Management,MBE, and Communication US$ 3.94 million - The purpose ofthis component is efficient managementofthe Project. Component costs include US$660,000 for the PPF. Sub-Component3.1: Monitoring and Evaluation (US2.8 million) The Projectwill fundthe PCUto managefunds from donors andco-operating partners, andto ensure the efficient fimding andprocurementofactivities implementedby the COMOs. The PCUwill also implementa systemto monitor overallimplementationprogress and achievements, andmonitor Project performanceandimpactusinga set ofkey performance indicators. EachCOMO will monitor its activities andreportto the PCU. The PCUwill consolidatethe informationfrom implementing institutionsandproducequarterly, six-monthly and annual reports. The Projectwill also support independentevaluations ofprogramimpacts and beneficiaryassessments by independent consultants at startup, midtermandcompletion. Sub-Component3.1: Coordination (US$O.l million) The PCUwill support the GIRMaC Steering Committee and the Advisory Scientific andTechnical Committee, andhelporganizejoint sessions with the CNCPM andthe National Biodiversity Committee. Itwill also helporganize EcosystemManagementCommittees ineachofthe three pilot areas, to ensure coordinationamongthe various implementingagencies inthe field. - 65 - Sub-Component 3.3: Communication (US$0.3 million) The PCUwill monitor the implementationof the GIRMaC CommunicationPlan, help coordinate the communicationactivitiesof the COMOs, and implementfocusedcommunicationactivities, including the maintenanceofthe Program's web site, publicationof its bulletin, andawareness campaignson Programactivities andchallenges. Sub-Component 3.4: Sub-regional Coordination (US$O.l million) The PCUwill cooperatewith sub-regional and internationalinstitutionsinvolvedinsimilar initiatives. Within 6 monthsaRer Projecteffectiveness, the PCUwill draft acoordinationplanbetweenthe GIRMaC andthe GEF SenegalRiver BasinProject, and other GEF-fundedprojects as appropriate, which will spell out coordinationactivities. Sub-component 3.5 (US$0.64million) Projectpreparationactivitiesfundedby the PPF. -66- Annex 3: Estimated Project Costs SENEGAL: Integrated Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project Local 1 Foreign l ProjectCost By Component __. 1. Management of sustainablefisheries 5.50 1.03 6.53 2. Conservation of critical habitats and species 5.00 1.02 6.02 3. Programmanagement, M&Eand communication 3.50 0.44 3.94 Total BaselineCost 14.00 2.49 16.49 PhysicalContingencies 0.00 0.00 0.00 PriceContingencies 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total Project Cost; 14.00 2.49 16.49 Total Financing Required 14.00 2.49 16.49 I Local I Foreign Total ProJectCost By Category US $million , US $million US $million I 1 Works 0.48 0.00 0.48 Goods 0.54 0.40 0.94 Consultants 3.99 2.00 5.99 Sub-projects 3.51 0.00 3.51 Training 0.97 0.09 1.06 OperatingCosts 2.22 0.00 2.22 PPF 0.64 0.00 0.64 Unallocated 1.65 0.00 1.65 Total ProjectCost: 14.00 2.49 16.49 Total Financing Required 14.00 2.49 16.49 I Identifiabletaxes andduties are 0 (US$m) andthe total projectcost.net oftaxes, i s 11.49(US$m). Therefore,the project cost sharingratio is 87.03% of total projectcost net o ftaxes. - 67 - Annex 4: Summary EconomicAnalysis SENEGAL: IntegratedMarine and CoastalResources Management Project Very few dataexist by which to evaluatethe extent ofthe benefits likely to be generatedby the GIRMAC. This reflects the weakness of datacollection inSenegalbut also the difficulty of measuring and valuing many ofthe effects involved, especially the likely off-site benefits (positive extemalities) of the three proposedbiospherereserves. Because o fthese limitations, this annex presents a description o f the likely costs andbenefits, andthe likely fiscal impact, ofthe project. A specific quantitative study basedon the framework providedby this annex would be completedby the MidTerm Review o f the project. costs Inadditionto thecosts ofimplementingthe project, there wouldalsobeopportunity costs from foregoing use ofproject areas. Giventhe current imprecision o f the areas concemedby the project, identifiedthreatsto ecosystems are usedas aproxy offoregoing use ofthe resourcesinthe biosphere reserves. Project costs. The activities to beundertakenunderthe GIRMAC are describedindetailinAnnex 2. They include: (i) development of sustainablefisheries activities, focusing on empowering local communities to sustainably managethe highvalue coastal demersalfisheries resources, (ii) conservation of critical habitats andspecies activities, focusing on improving the protection o f critical habitats and biodiversity linkedto the coastaldemersalfisheriesresources, and(iii) managementactivities. The program projected financial costs o f the project are $16.49 million for five years (2005-2009). No recurrent costs aRer project completion (biosphere reserve andfisheries management current costs) have at presentbeencalculated. Opportunity costs. There are opportunity costsassociatedwith the set of activities aiming to improvemanagementof the coastaldemersalfisheries through area-basedcomanagementin 12 targeted artisanal fisheries within the three pilot project biosphere areas. Inorder to allow the fish stocksto recover and insome cases prevent collapse, these activities are likely to limitfishingeffort andpossibly the numberoffishers and the volume of catch, over a recovery periodthat is likely to be at least as long as the project implementation. This should result ina short-term loss o f income for fishingcommunities. But, as the coastal demersalfisheries are currently overexploited, the rent from the fishery has already been dissipated. Consequently, the opportunity cost for improved fisheries management should be very low. The activities aiming to conserve critical habitats andspecies though strengthenedor createdbiosphere reserves also have opportunity costs associatedwith them. Inthe Saloum delta, mangroves services are threatenedby local populations who collect shellfish, oysters andeggs, andhunt manatees and sea turtles. The mangroves are a critical nursery ground for many species, directly affecting the production of fish stocks and indirectly affecting the presenceo f fish eating dolphins andbirds. With the creation ofthe biospherereserve, some activities like sea turtle huntingwould certainly be forbidden and others, like oyster collection, would be regulated inorder to avoid progressivemangrove destruction. This should result inshort-term foregone mangrovesharvestingincomes for some of the local population. The amount o flossesdepends on the exact intensity o fmangrove harvestingand on the interdiction and regulation introduced by the biospherereservecreation. Some fishing activities also currently occur in the network of protected areas and inthe nursery ground of ecosystems that are not currently protected butthat will beincorporated inthe larger biospherereservearea. The project will likely forbid or at least strictly regulate these activities inorder to restorethe fish stocks. Consequently, this should result inincomelossesfor somefishers. Ifthe project succeedsinhaltin8ecosystems servicesdegradationinthe proposedbiospherereserveand puttinginplace area-based comanagementinrelatedartisanalfisheries, opportunity cost are like to be generatedinthe short term for the local communities. Although qualitative information is available on many threats, data are insufficient to quantify them. For this reason, the project also includes links to a social fundto compensate fishers for foregone fisheries income inthe short-term, through the introductionof alternative livelihoods. Benefits As mentionedpreviously, inthe three project areas the project will implement two separatebut complementary andinterdependentgroups o f activities: (i) activities aiming to empower coastal communities and fishers to sustainablymanagethe coastaldemersalfisheries resourcesthrough an area-based co-management system, and(ii) activities aiming to strengthenthe protection o f coastal ecosystemsthat support these resourcesthrough strengthenedor createdbiosphere reserves. The success o fbothcomponents is interdependent, andthe benefits producedby these two components cannotbe treatedseparately. Thus, the three mainbenefits o fthe project are: (i) increasedfisheries rent some years after the project implementation as a consequence of stock recovery andreducedfishing effort, (ii)increasedrecreationdecotourism rent and (iii) preservation o fmarine and bird better biodiversity, both inthe short term. (i) benefits Fisheries Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) Interms ofthe set ofactivities to implement CPUE measuresthe fish harvestedper unit o f area-based co-management inthe artisanal fisheries, fishing effort. The morebiologically and reducing fishing effort inthese overexploited economically overexploited the fish and fisheries is expectedto stabilize coastal demersal crustacean stock, the more effort a fisherman fishyields (which are currently declining) and will have to expend to capture a dwindling ultimately leadto their increase. The benefits o fthis amount o ffish. As mentioned previously, the increase inproduction would be realized through implicit assumption inthis annex is that the increasedcatch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) o f the greatest threat to the coastal demersal fish stocks i s overfishing, so that reduced fishing effort remainingfishingunits (i.e. profitability), which through management inthe short term will would inturn increasethe artisanal fishery rent - allow the stocks to rejuvenate and be basically reducedeffort andincreasedproduction replenished, ultimately leading to higher yields will leadto lower costs andgreater revenuesper and production, as well as greater profits. In vessel, for the fishingvessels that remain active in cases where the fisheries are most threatenedby the fishery. Consequently, the fisheries production loss o fhabitat or pollution, as well as other benefits o fthe project are the rent o f the coastal threats, reducing fishing effort may not demersalfisheries, where the remainingfishers necessarily lead directly to increased would see their CPUE increasing inthe with-project catch-per-unit-effort. situation comparedwith the without project I situation. - 69 - Interms o fthe activities to strengthenor createbiosphere reserves, these activities shouldreduce or halt pressures on the coastal ecosystems inthe three reserves, andhelp rejuvenate nearby coastal demersal as a consequence o fbetter protection o f nursery ground for juveniles. The indirect or off-site benefits of the biospherereserves would then be, inthe medium or long term, the increase of catch per uniteffort (CPUE) inthe related artisanal fisheries. IndicationofFisheriesBenefitsfrom Improved Inbothcasesthesefisheries benefitsarelikelyto Management appear after coastal demersal stocks have recovered, largely towards the end o f the project The graphbelow highlights the benefits of improved fisheries management(suchas the project or after project completion. Indeed, international aims to achievethrough area-based comanagement) evidences suggest that only a few fish species are inan overexploited fishery. Without theproject and not resilient even inthe face of overfishing such without improved managementto reducefishing as is currently occurring inthe coastal demersal effort, the total yield andproduction o f coastal fisheries of Senegal, but that the effects of a demersalfish stocks inSenegalwould continue to reduction infishing effort are likely to steadily decline. Evenwith improved management materialize after some years, not immediately. and reducedfishing effort, catches and production For example, one recent study examined the would decline further inthe short term for both various characteristics o f 76 marine reserves small, short-lived fish and largerlonger-lived fish. where fishing hadbeen prohibited, established However, the reduction in fishing effort would providetime for stocksto recover and rejuvenate, between two andtwenty years. Results were that leadingto increasingyields andproduction over the on average, abundance o f fish stocks (measured long term, and increasing benefits to the remaining indensity) approximately doubled, biomass fishers over the long term. increased to 2.5 times the biomass o f nearby fished areas, average fish body size increased by approximately one third, andthe number o f species present per sample increased by one third. Inaddition, scientific evidence suggests that this increase infish stocks inclosed areas "spills over" into nearby fishing grounds, directly replenishing andrejuvenating these areas and contributing to an increase infisheries CPUE. I I LargeFish (ii) Ecotourism benefits I ;I Protectedareas are currently embedded inthe three proposedbiosphere reserves to be created or strengthened by the project. The presence of 1 fish inthe deltas sustains important colonies o f o fbird-watching tourism. The proposed Senegalese river delta biosphere reserve includes 4 protected areas (Parc national des oiseaux du Djoudj, Reserve sptciale de faune duNdiael, Reserve speciale de faune de Gueumbeul and Parc national de la langue de Barbarie) covering 65,000 hectares andvisited annually by around 10,000 birdwatchers. The proposed Cap-Vert peninsula reserve includes 4 protected areas andone cultural site (Parc national des iles de la Madeleine, Reserve de Popenguine and rtserves naturelles communautaires de la Somone et de Teungukne; ile de Gorte) covering 1,500 hectares. N o dataon bird-watcher andcultural tourism is available. The proposed Saloum Delta area includes 2 protected areas (Parc nationaldu delta du Saloum andReserve naturelle communautaire de Palmarin) covering 150,000 hectares and visited by around 1,000 ecotourists each year. Ecotourism benefits o fthe project depend on the additional number o f visitors that would made possible by the project over time (compared to the numbers o f visitors that would come without the project) and on the - 70 - economic rent from tourism capturedby Senegal from the additional visitors. Because nature tourism is basedupon scarce natural resources, it generates economic rents. These rents will generally be proportionalto the uniquenessof the tourism asset, being fairly low for sun-sand-and-sea destinations, therefore, butpotentially very highfor ecotourist destinations. Rentscan be capturedina variety of ways, including through park entrance fees, airport and visa fees, and hotel taxes. (iii) Biodiversitypreservation beneflts The three proposedbiospherereserves support extensive marine andterrestrial biodiversity that is describedindetail inannex 11. By protecting the ecosystemsinthe three proposedbiospherereserves, the project would protect naturalhabitat important for fishandcrustaceanbreeding and would indirectly protect mammals andbirdsthat are attractedby fish resources. A proxy for the benefits of biodiversity conservation inthreeproposedbiospherereservesarisingfrom the project are the likely additional paymentsmade from the international donor community to the Senegalesenetwork of protectedareas. Indeed, those direct payments for biodiversity conservation reflect the willingness to pay (WTP) o f the international community andare linked to the existence o fbiodiversity inthe three proposedbiospherereserves. Conclusion Ifthe project succeedsinhaltingdegradationofecosystems serviceswithinthe threeproposedbiosphere reserves, it is rather likely that benefits will be generated, bothon site and, especially off site. Inthe biosphere areas themselves, outstanding ecosystems would be protected andtheir potential for attracting tourism preserved. Outside the proposedbiosphere reserves, the managementof coastaldemersal fisheries (through area-based co-management systems that may include the voluntary closure o f critical fishbreedinggrounds andnursery areas by communities and fishers) is expectedto stabilize coastal demersalfish CPUE (which are currently declining) andultimately lead to the increaseofboththe stocks andCPUE. The Fisheries Sector Strategy further estimatesthat the introductionof effective managementfor the coastaldemersalfish stocks, as the project aims to do inthe three project areas, would increasethe value addedfor the small-scale coastal demersalfisheries by over 30 percent from the 2002 totals, and the total value addedper small-scale fishing vessel would increaseby as much as 300 percent. However, at that stage, data are insufficient to say that the economic benefits (additional WTP for biodiversity conservation, additional tourism rent and fishery rent) generatedby the project are sufficient tojustify the investments involved plus the opportunity cost, even ifit is likely. Further effort is needed during project implementation to collect data and to monitor the impact of the project especially the likely short term opportunity cost for local population, the biophysical relationship between better protection o fnursery ground and stock recovery andthe amount of rent generatedby the well regulated artisanal fisheries. Monitoring the impact o f the project is particularly vital insuch case, inwhich the weakness o f available data limits the ability to make ex-ante estimates o f benefits. Inthe longterm, the number oftourists visitingthe parksembeddedinthe three andthe fees they pay or are willing to pay wouldprovide direct estimateso f some o fthe economic benefitsbeing obtained. The forthcoming public expenditure on the environment (PEER) inSenegalcould be a startingpoint to collect valuable information on the ecotourism rent inSenegalas well as the existing tourism sector study (ARWPS No 46). Inaddition, acontingent valuationonthe tourist willingness to pay for visiting the protected area, ifany improvement inthe ecosystemsservices, could be a valuable tool. - 71 - The project is aiming to arrest and ifpossible reverse decreases inthe capture o f high-value coastal demersals and inthe catch per uniteffort (CPUE) o f these species inthe area near to the biosphere reserves and where area-based co-management will be implemented. As said earlier, there is currently limitedunderstanding o fthe biophysical relationship betweenbetter protection o f nursery ground and stock recovery. There is also limited understanding on the possible effects on introducing management rights inareas where common resources management was the rule, especially the additional effect on increasing the CPUE on the remaining fishers. Inthat context, it is crucial to put inplace data collection andmethodologiesto quantifyexpected outcomes ofimplementing area-based co-management, particularly interms o f stock recovery (but there will certainly be limited results during project implementation). - 72 - Annex 5: Financial Summary SENEGAL: Integrated Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project Years Ending 15 February I Year I I Year2 I Year3 I year4 I Year5 I Year6 Year7 I Total Financing Required Project Costs investmentCosts 2300904.0 2675692.0 2876130.0 1926116.0 1725678.0 0.0 0.0 Recurrent Costs 998362.0 1160983.0 1247953.0 835742.0 748772.0 0.0 0.0 Total Project Costs 3299266.0 3836675.0 4124083.0 2761858.0 2474450.0 0.0 0.0 Total Financing 3299266.0 3836675.0 4124083.0 2761858.0 2474450.0 0.0 0.0 Financing IBRDliDA 2000000.0 2250000.0 2500000.0 1750000.0 1500000.0 0.0 0.0 Government 299266.0 336675.0 374083.0 261858.0 224450.0 , 0.0 0.0 Central 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Provincial 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Co-financiers 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 User FeeslBeneficiaries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GEF 1000000.0 12500000. 1250000.0 750000.0 750000.0 0.0 0.0 0 Total Project Financing 3299266.0 15086675. 4124083.0 2761858.0 2474450.0 0.0 0.0 0 Main assumptions: - 73 - Annex 6(A): Procurement Arrangements SENEGAL: IntegratedMarine and Coastal ResourcesManagementProject Procurement 1. General The Project Coordination Unit(PCU) will include a Procurement Specialist trained inthe Bank's procurement rules inthe Project Coordination Unitwho will be responsiblefor all the procurement activities of the Project. Procurement for the proposedproject will be carried out inaccordancewith the provisions of the World Bank "Guidelines: ProcurementUnder IBRDLoans andIDA Credits" datedMay 2004; and "Guidelines: Selection andEmployment of ConsultantsbyWorld BankBorrowers" datedMay 2004, andthe provisions stipulatedinthe LegalAgreements. The generaldescription ofvarious itemsto be procured under different expenditurecategory are providedbelow. The Borrower prepareda Procurement Planthat was discussedduringappraisal andfinalized prior to negotiation. The plan indicates different procurement or consultant selection methods, the needfor prequalification, estimated costs, prior review requirements, andtime frame are agreedbetweenthe Borrower andthe Bankproject team. The Procurement Plan will be updated annually or as required to reflect the actual project implementation needs andimprovements ininstitutional capacity. 1.1 Procurement of Works Works procuredunder the project will include minor works on construction or rehabilitation of offices andparks. The procurement will be done usingthe Bank'sStandardBiddingDocuments (SBD) for all ICB andNational SBD agreedwith the Bank (Standardbiddocument for the AGETIPs is recommended). 1.2 Procurement of Goods Goods procured under this project will include: e Vehicles and office equipment e Officefurniture e Fishery equipment 0 Communication systems andequipment The procurement will be done using the Bank's SBD for all ICB andNational SBD agreedwiththe Bank(Standardbiddocumentandrequestfor quotation usedby AGETIPs is recommended). 1.3 Procurement of Non-consulting services Service for insurancefor the staff is at this moment the only non-consulting services to be procured under the project; a systemo f quotation will be usedto contract with the insurance. 1.4 Selection of Consultants Consultant Services to be contractedandfinanced under the credit are: 1. Development ofmanagementplansfor key institutions andprotected areas 2. Development of monitoringlevaluation systems 3. Development of a program for capacity building - 74 - Short lists of consultantsfor services estimatedto cost less than US$lOO,OOO equivalent per contract may be composedentirely of national consultants inaccordance with the provisions o fparagraph2.7 of the Consultant Guidelines. 1.5 Operating Costs This category includes items suihas office supplies, utilities bills, audit ofthe project, fuel, maintenanceo f office equipment, maintenanceo f vehicles, travel, document preparation andprinting, andsimilar items that important for the goodfunctioning ofthe project. 2. Assessmentofthe agency's capacityto implementprocurement Technical specifications andTORSwill be preparedandfinalized by operational implementation cells in each of the implementing agencies (COMO-PCchefor Component 1, and COMO-&cosysthe for Component 2), andwill be included inthe procurement plans. The procurement activities will be carried out by the Procurement Specialist inthe PCU. Bourama Diaite, Senior Procurement Specialist at the DakarWorld Bank Office, carried out on April 2, 2004 an assessmentofthe capacity ofthe implementingagencies (DPM andDPN) to implement procurement actions for the Project. The assessment reviewed the organizational structure for implementing the project andthe interactionbetweenthe project staff responsiblefor procurement and the implementation cells inthe implementing agencies. The assessmentconcluded that the overallProjectriskfor procurement is medium. The assessment showedthat the Procurement Specialist inthe PCU is knowledgeable and familiar with World Bank procedures. Nonetheless,the following measureswere identifiedto further strengthen Project procurement capacity: 0 The Procurement Specialist should receive specializedprocurement training, to better monitor the progressof procurement activities and speedup the process of contract signature. 0 To avoid delays inthe procurement process, the operational implementation cells should finalize the technical specifications for the procurement o f goods and works and the terms of referencefor the selection o f consultantsina timely manner. 0 The procurement specialist should limithis intervention inthe procurement activities to: (i) centralization ofprocurement activities inone procurement plan to ensure that the thresholds are respectedinterms of methods (possibility o f grouping expenditures and aggregates, (ii)preparation o f the biddingdocuments andrequestsfor proposals; and(iii) advising the implementation cell concernedduringthe evaluation ofbids. The assessment also identified risks associatedwith Project procurement during implementation: 0 Lack o f direct oversight responsibility o fthe Procurement Specialist over staff in implementation cells regarding procurement matters; 0 Late submission o ftechnical specifications andterms o f referencefrom implementing agencies might delay procurement; 0 Insufficient procurement planning. To minimizethese risks, the followingmeasures were identifiedand agreedupon: 0 Clear Terms o freference o f the procurement specialist role andresponsibility o fthe quality o fthe procurement documents andthe delays o fthe process (contract signature); - 75 - Defmeandupdateregularly the procurementplanandfollow it adequately,to quickly identify the bottlenecks andsolve the problems; 0 Better coordination o fthe project on procurement issues to avoid delaying procurement decisionsand submission of technical specifications andterms o f reference. 3. Procurement Plan The Borrower developedduringappraisalaProcurementPlan for project implementation that provides the basis for determining procurement methods. Agreement on this planwas reachedbetweenthe Borrower and the Project Team onMay 10,2004 and is available at the PCU. It will also be available intheProject'sdatabaseandintheBank'sextemalwebsite. TheProcurementPlanwillbeupdated annually or as frequently as requiredto reflect the actual project implementation needs and improvements ininstitutional capacity. 4. Frequency of Procurement Supervision Inaddition to the prior review supervisionsto becarried out byBankstaff, itis alsorecommendedfor procurement supervision missions to visit the fieldto cany out at least three post review missions of procurement actions during each o f the first two years o fthe project andtwo missions per year thereafter. Attachment 1:Details ofthe procurement arrangement involving international competition 1. Goodsand Worksand Non-consulting Services (a) List of contract packagesthat will be procured following ICB and direct contracting: 1 1 Ref: Contract Estimated Procurement P-Q Domestic Bank Expected NO. (Description) Cost Method Preference Review Bid Opening MFOl/Al Vehicles 1 I 392724 I A01 1 NO I Prior I12/11/2004 (b) ICB Contracts estimatedto cost above the equivalent value ofUS$500,000 for works and US$150,000 for goods per contract, and all direct contracting will be subjectedto prior review by the Bank. 2. ConsultingServices (a) List o f Consulting Assignments with a short-list o f international firms: Ref: Description of Assignment Estimated Selection Review Submission No. cost Method by Bank I ofproposals Date I 1 Silection d'un consultantpour I 450000 I SBQC I Prior I 08/08/2005 l'ivaluation de base et cartographie dktaillie des ressources marines et cBtiBres de la RBDS + RNCP+AMP Bamboung, Delta du Fleuve Sinkgal et Presqu ile du Cap-Vert I ' - 76 - 2 Stlection d'un consultantpour 150000 SBQC Prior 08/08/2005 l'tvaluation environnementale des impacts de la rthabilitation des fonctions tcologiques du delta du Sdntgal 3 Sdlectiond'un consultantpour la 162 000 Individu Prior 30/10/2004 mission d'assistancetechniquepour l'appui ci l'amdliorationde l'amtnagementdespgcheries (sous-composante I.1) 4 Sdlectiond'un consultantpour la 238 235 Individu Prior 30/10/2004 mission d'assistance techniquepour I'identiJication des sitespilotes de cogestion locale (sous-composante 1.2) (b) Consultancy services estimated to cost above the equivalent value ofUS$lOO,OOO for firms and US$50,000 for individuals per contract andSingle Source Selection o f consultants will be subjected to prior review by the Bank. (c) Short lists composedentirely of national consultants. Short lists o f consultants for services estimatedto cost less thanthe equivalent value o fUS$150,000 per contract, may be composed entirely of national consultants inaccordance with the provisions o fparagraph 2.7 of the Consultant Guidelines. Procurement methods (TableA) - 77 - Table AI: ConsultantSelection Arrangements (optional) (US$ million equivalent) (1.72) (0.00) (0.00) (0.00) (0.00) (0.00) (0.00) (1.72) B. Individuals 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.71 0.00 1.04 (0.00) (0.00) (0.00) (0.00) (0.30) (0.71) (0.00) (1.01) Total 1.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.71 0.00 2.76 (1.72) (0.00) (0.00) (0.00) (0.30) (0.71) (0.00) (2.73) - 78 - Annex 6(B): Financial Managementand DisbursementArrangements SENEGAL: IntegratedMarineand Coastal Resources ManagementProject FinancialManapement 1. Summary oftheFinancialManagementAssessment The Bank conductedanassessment to determine whether there financial managementarrangementsfor the projectmetBank requirements, including entities' system of accounting, reporting, auditingand internalcontrolsfor the implementingentity (the ProjectCoordinationUnit). The missionnotedthat currentlythere is financial managementarrangementsbuiltthanks to the Project PreparationFund(PPF) andthe Trust Fund(TF). However, M e r work is requiredto address issues relatingto: Staffing, 0 Administrative,Accountingandfinancial manual, 0 Accounting software, 0 External audit. The followingactionplansummarizes the steps that were completedprior to negotiation: Action Tasks Entity Target 1.Development of 1 TORfor the consultant 0 PCU the project's Selection process 0PCU negotiation manual of 1 Draft manual 0 Consultant Drocedures (i) Review o f the draft manual ., I I1 1 0 PCU/IDA Final version 0 PCU/Consuitant 2.U~dateo fthe I 1 DeveloDment of a chart of accounts 0 PCU Completedbefore financial reflecting the activities1sources of financing negotiation management o f the project (regional and central level), system (i) 0 Customizingthe agreed format for the 0 PCU quarterly Financial MonitoringReports (FMR) 0 Completing the testing of the transactions 0 pcu recording and the financial statement production and printing 4. Selection of an Update the contract o fthe auditor o f the PPF PCU Completed before auditor (i) and the TF to include the audit o f the Credit negotiation The mainfindings ofthe capacity assessmentare as follows: 1.1 Staffing and Implementation Arrangements I.1.I Implementation Arrangements fiduciary arrangements) The ProjectCoordinationUnit(PCU) will provide efficient financial management,reportingand administrationfor project components. I.1.2 Scopeof theAssessment By looking at the implementationarrangements of the project, there will bebasicallyonly one major - 79 - circuit for the flows of funds, going from the PCUto the suppliers. According to generalfinancing mechanisminSenegal, the director DDI(Direction de la Dette et de 1'Investissement) underthe Ministry o f Economy andFinancewill be managingthe special account ofthe project. However, all the supporting documentationjustifying the use o f funds will be preparedandkeptby the PCU. 1.1.3 StafJing The PCUhas, as far as financial managementis concerned, the responsibility to collect and control invoices, managethe project's bank accounts, makepayments, keep the bookso f accounts andprepare the financial reports. The financial managementassessmentaimed at identifyingwhether the PCU has the capacity to handle all of these tasks and ifnot what are the weaknesses and strengtheningmeasures to be implemented. Overall, the PCUhas satisfactory financial managementcapacity. The finance and accounting staff, consisting of one person (the ResponsableAdministratif et Financier: RAF), i s already inplace. He has good academic background as well as professional experience, including project financial management. He was recruited underthe Trust Fundthrough a competitive process. He will mainly be responsiblefor the general financial managementof the project. H e will work closely with the representativesof DDIandthe accountantinDPM (Direction des PCches Maritimes) and an accountant inDPN (Direction des ParcsNationaux). 1.2 Accounting Policies and Procedures There will be also a needto elaboratea manualo fadministrative, accounting, and financialprocedures before effectiveness. This manual must include accounting policies andprocedures,definition of respective duties with a good segregation,budgetingsystem andall relevant administrative and financial procedures, relationbetweenthe components o fthe project, reporting mechanisms at each level. All the staff and the stakeholders involved inthe project must be trained inthose procedures. 1.3 Reporting and Monitoring The PCUwill prepare quarterly FinancialManagement Reports (FMR). The format o f the FMR will be discussedandagreedbefore effectiveness. The quarterly reports will cover financial management, procurement, andphysical progress monitoring, covering all activities financed under the project regardlessthe source o f funding. No major problem is expectedwith the financial and procurement reports. Areas o fconcem are with the physical progressmonitoringreport where the PCU lacks experience andwhich will requires additional efforts. Those physical progress reports will be basedon the outcomes indicators included inthe DCA. 1.4 Financial Management Information System A computerized financial managementsystemis already installedinthe PCU. The software for the credit was customized, andthe chart o f accounts andreport formats were updated prior to negotiation. 1.5 Flow of funds The managementofthe SpecialAccounts inSenegalis underthe responsibility ofthe director ofDDI. There will be two Special Accounts: one for IDA andanother one for GEF. The following figure illustrates the flow of funds: 1 WORLD BANK I. \ \\\\\\\\\\\ \\ \\ \\\ \\ \\\`u u Accounts of Suppliers, Consultants,or all other contractor NOTES: The Special Accounts (SAs) will be located at DDIandthe director of DDIwill be the only authorized signatory of those SAs. 1.6 Summary of Country Financial Management Issues The Country Financial Accountability Assessment (CFAA) o f Senegalwas conducted inFY 03. This mission identifiedthe mainareas of improvement ofpublic financial managementinSenegal. The action planelaboratedby the Government after this mission was adoptedat the highest level of the Government during a meetingchairedby the Prime Minister. The concerns inpublic financial managementhighlightedinthe CFAA will not impact this project because ofthe specific arrangementsfor the flow o f funds. 1.7 Impact of Procurement Arrangements At the time ofthe financial managementcapacity assessment, the procurement assessment was under preparation. Itwas not therefore possible to assess the impact o f procurement assessmentfindings on the project's financial management. However the primary conclusion discussedwith the procurement specialists do not anticipate any major impact on the financial management of the project. 2. Audit Arrangements The project's accounts will be subject to annualexternal audit by an auditing firm acceptableto IDA. An auditor has already beenselectedfor the trust fimdandthe PPF. Duringthe appraisal mission, the Bankreviewedthe performance ofthe auditor andrecommendedthat hebe retainedfor the Credit. In the Development Credit Agreement (DCA) and the Grant Agreement (GA) it will also be clearly mentioned that the annualaudit reports will be submitted to IDA within six months of the end o f each - 81 - fiscal year (i.e., by June 30th). 3. DisbursementArrangements Traditional disbursementand withdrawalprocedures (Le. Direct Payment, Reimbursement, Replenishment and Special Commitment) will be inaccordance with guidelines set out inthe Disbursement Handbook during the first 18 months following project effectiveness. All replenishment applications will be submitted on a monthly basis. All replenishment or reimbursement applications will be filly documented, except for contracts under the prior review threshold. SOE documentation will be retained at the PCU for review by Bank staff and annual audits. Financial Management Reporting-based disbursement (FMR). The lack o f previous financial management reporting experience from the PCUdoes not favor immediate application o f the FMR-based disbursement method. Nevertheless, quarterly FMRs, including financial, procurement and physical progress, will be prepared as soon as the project is effective. Duringan interim period o f 18 months, these FMRwill be reviewed andthe financial management capacity strengthened. At the end of the 18 months the Bank will evaluate the capability to switch to FMR disbursements, based on the performance o f the financial system. Inthe meantime, the project will follow traditional disbursement methods. Allocation of credit proceeds (Table C) Table C: Allocation of Credit Proceeds r ExpenditureCategory in USSmilllon Financing E-] h v i lWorks IIAmount 0.23 1I 100%o f foreign expenditures, 1 90% o f local expenditures Equipment 0.30 100%of foreign expenditures, 90% of local expenditures Consultants 4.00 100% o f foreign expenditures, 90% o f local exDenditures Table C2: Allocation of GEF Grant Proceeds Expenditure Category Financing Percentage 1 Civil Works 1I Amount In US$million ' 0.21 I 100%of foreign expenditures, 90% o f local expenditures IEquipment I 0.59 I 100% o f foreign expenditures, 90% o f local expenditures - 82 - Consultants 1.59 100% of foreign expenditures, 90% o f local expenditures Sub-projects 1.11 100% o f amounts disbursed Training 0.17 100% Operating Costs 0.83 90% PPF 0.00 none Unallocated 0.50 none Total Project Costs with Bank Financing Total 5.00 Use of statementsof expenditures (SOEs): Disbursementsbasedon Statements of Expenditures {SOEs) will be usedfor: (i) for contracts works with a value less thanUS$500,000, (ii) goods for contracts with a value less thanUS$150,000, (iii) consulting f m s for contractsless thanUS$lOO,OOO, (iv) individual consultantsfor contracts less than US$50,000, (v) training, (vi) sub-projects and (vii) operating costs. All supporting documentation for SOEs will be retained at the Project Coordination Unit and will be readily accessiblefor review by periodic Banksupervision missions andexternal auditors. Inthe case ofthe fundsfor grants to bemadeto communities, therewill bepre-financing of expenditures, as communities are unlikely to start contracting without the assurance o f funds. All disbursements againstexpenditureswill be subject to expost financial andphysical audits, on a sample basis, to be carried out by auditors employed by the project. Special account: To facilitate project implementation andreducethe volume o f withdrawal applications, the PCU on behalfof the Government, will open two SpecialAccounts (SA) inFCFA ina commercial bank on terms and conditions acceptableto IDA. The first Special Account (SA-A) will be used exclusively to finance all expendituresunderthe IDA Credit, andthe second SpecialAccount (SA-B) will be usedto finance all expendituresunder the GEF Grant. The authorized allocation for SA-A will be US$1 million equivalent inFCFA and will cover about four months o f eligible expenditures. The authorized allocation for SA-B will be US$SOO,OOO equivalent inFCFA andwill cover about four months o f eligible expenditures. Uponcredit effectiveness, IDAwill deposit the amount o f FCFA equivalent to US$l million inSA-A, representingthe total allocation for that account, and FCFA equivalent to US$500,000 inSA-B also representing the total allocation for that account. The Special Accounts will beusedfor all paymentsinanamount below 20 percent ofthe initialdepositto the Special Accounts. These accountswill be managedby the director of DDI. Moreover, for small and numerous local currency expenditures, the borrower may draw an amount from the special account sufficient to meet eligible expenditures, but only for a periodoflessthan30 days. - 83 - Annex 7: Project Processing Schedule SENEGAL: Integrated Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project IProject Schedule Planned Actual Time taken to preparethe project (months) 13 16 First Bank mission (identification) 07/20/2003 08/08/2003 Appraisal mission departure 04/25/2004 0411612004 Negotiations 05/05/2004 07/27/2004 Planned Dateof Effectiveness 11/30/2004 0211512005 I Preparedby: Projectpreparationwas coordinatedby the Project CoordinationUnit(PCU), underthe supervisionof the Ministry ofEnvironmentandNatureProtection. The Projectwas preparedinpartnership with the Departmentof Maritime Fisheries andtheDepartmentofNationalParks. Preparationassistance: Preparationassistance included: (i) B of US$343,496, (ii) aPDF aJapanPHRD Grant (TF053114) for US$522,000, and (iii) aPPF of US$600,000. Bank staff who worked on the projec -ncluded: Speciality rask Team Leader 9EF Monitoring andEvaluation NinaDoetinchem GEF, Biodiversity Jean-ChristopheCarret EconomicAnalysis BouramaDiaite Procurement FinancialManagement Kristine Ivarsdotter Social Safeguards Social Safeguards Counsel Disbursement Robert Robelus Environmentalsafeguards Caroline Guazzo Support Marie-JeanneNdiaye support SossenaTassew Support Peer Review Comelis de Hann Peer Review Peer Review Gertvan Santen Consultant, Fisheries Consultant, Gender Issues - 84 - Sylvain Sankalb Consultant, Legal Aissatou Seck Consultant, ProtectedArea Legislation - 85 - Annex 8: Documentsin the Project File* SENEGAL: IntegratedMarineand CoastalResourcesManagementProject A. Project ImplementationPlan The following documentsare part ofthe Project Implementation Manualpreparedby the recipient: 0 Project ImplementationPlan; 0 Manual o f Financial andAccounting Procedures; 0 DetailedProcurementPlanfor the first 18 months; 0 Communication Plan; 0 Monitoring and Evaluation Manual. 6. Bank StaffAssessments C. Other Other studies were funded during Project preparation: Under thePDF B Grant 0 Environmental and Social Assessment; 0 Community participation incoastaland marine resourcemanagement; 0 Baseline coastal andmarinebiodiversity study. Under a PHRDgrant: 0 Diagnostic o f fisheries sector; 0 Environmental audit of the Somone watershed; 0 Stakeholder assessmentof the Keur Cupaam (Popenguine) Natural Community Reserve. *Including electronicfiles - 86 - Annex 9: Statement of Loansand Credits SENEGAL: IntegratedMarineand Coastal Resources ManagementProject 19-Jul-2004 Differencebetweenexpected and actual Original Amount in US$ Millions disbursements" ProjectID FY Purpose IBRD IDA GEF Cancel. Undisb. Orig Frm Rev'd PO80013 2004 Prlvate SectorAdlustment Credit 0.00 45.00 0.00 0.00 44.19 8.50 0.00 PO51609 2003 PrivateInvestment Promotion Project 0.00 46.00 0.00 0.00 46.40 -3.61 0.00 PO74059 2002 HIV/AIDS Prevent.8 Control 0.00 30.00 0.00 0.00 27.71 8.33 0.00 PO70541 2002 Nut. EnhancementPrcg. 0.00 14.70 0.00 0.00 9.36 4.65 0.00 PO41528 2001 LONG TERM WATER SECTOR PROJECT 0.00 125.00 0.00 0.00 117.53 36.74 0.00 PO41566 2001 SocialDev. Fund 0.00 30.00 0.00 0.00 20.94 16.93 -1.E4 PO47319 2000 QualityEduc.for All 0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 13.14 -38.11 -38.11 PO55472 2000 URBAN MOBILITY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM 0.00 70.00 0.00 0.00 71.40 65.78 0.00 PO57996 2000 SN NATIONALRURAL INFRAS 0.00 28.50 0.00 0.00 14.99 14.05 -1 .60 PO02367 I999 Senegal:AGR.SRCVESSPROD.ORGS 0.00 27.40 0.00 0.00 8.75 7.68 5.66 PO02366 1999 SNTRANSPORT II 0.00 90.00 0.00 0.00 60.28 45.28 0.00 PO02365 1998 URB DEVT S DECEN PRO 0.00 75.00 0.00 0.00 8.54 7.19 6.36 PO02369 1998 Integr. HealthSect.Dev. 0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 15.88 15.78 3.43 PO46788 1997 SN SUST.PART.ENGY.MGMT. 0.00 5.20 4.70 0.00 0.51 0.52 0.55 PO42056 1997 SN SUST PART ENGY MGMT 0.00 0.00 4.70 0.00 0.13 0.04 0.13 Total: 0.00 686.80 9.40 0.00 459.75 187.74 -25.43 - 8 7 - SENEGAL STATEMENT OF IFC's HeldandDisbursedPortfolio Mar 2004 - InMillions USDollars Committed Disbursed IFC IFC FY Approval Company Loan Equity Quasi Partic Loan Equity Quasi Partic 1996197 AEF SERT 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 1980 BHS 0.00 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.46 0.00 0.00 1999 Ciments du Sahel 15.77 2.26 2.97 0.00 15.77 2.26 2.97 0.00 1997198 GTIDakar 2.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 1998 SEF Fanaicha 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 2001 SEF RoyalSaly 1.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total Portfolio: 19.67 2.76 2.97 0.00 19.64 2.76 2.97 0.00 Approvals PendingCommitment FY Approval Company Loan Equity Quasi Partic TotalPendingCommitment: 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - 88 - Annex IO: Country at a Glance SENEGAL: IntegratedMarineand Coastal Resources ManagementProject sub- POVERTYand SOCIAL Saharan Low. Senegal AfriCS Income Developmentdlamond` 2003 Population,mid-yearfmil/fona) 100 703 2,310 GNI percapita (Atas method,US$) Lifeexpectancy 550 490 450 GNI (Attas method, US$ billions) 5 6 347 1,036 Avenge annualgrowth, 199793 1 Population{%) 2 3 2 3 1 9 Laborforce (%) 24 2 4 2 3 SNI Gross per primary Most recentestimate (latestyear avallable,$997.03) capita enrollment Pov&y 1%ofimpul&on belowniitionaipovertyline) 57 Urbanpopulation(% oftotalpopulatbn) 50 36 30 Lifeexpsdgncyat biM.r (years) 52 46 58 I InfantmMality (per .f,OOO lfvebirths} 79 103 82 Child malnutrbon(% ofchlldrenunder5) 23 44 Access to improvedwater source A w & sto an rmpmvedwater source (96 ofpopulatlm) 78 58 75 liliteracy(SQ ofpopulafimage 15c) 61 35 39 - Grass primaryenrollment I%ofschool-agepopulathn) 75 87 92 Senegal Male 79 94 99 _I_ Low-inwme group Female 72 80 85 KEY ECONOMIC RATIOS and LONQ-TERM TRENDS 1983 1993 2002 2003 Economlc ratios. GQP (#S$ billions) 2.5 54 5 0 6 5 Gross domestlcinvestmenVGDP 12.8 137 185 201 Exportsof gowls andSeNiWslGDP 31.7 22 2 30 1 28 4 Trade Grossdomesticwvings/GDP -1,9 77 8 8 8 0 GrossnatlonalsavingslGDP "6.3 44 126 138 Current accountbalancelGDP -18.8 .10 6 -5 9 6 3 Domestic interest paymenta/GDP 1.7 0 4 1 3 1 0 savings investment TotaldsbWGDP 83.8 69 2 77 5 641 Totaldebt Senncelexports 11.3 9 1 114 9 9 Presentvalueof debUGDP 47 9 Presentvalue of debtlaxports 1254 Indebtedness 1983-93 1993-03 2002 2003 2003-07 (avemge annualgmwfhj --Senega/ GDP 2 1 4 9 1 1 6 5 5 9 GDP mr capita , . "07 2 3 -1 3 8.0 3.7 I Low-incomegroup I STRUCTURE of the ECONOMY 1983 1993 2002 2003 Growthof Investmentand GDP (%) I (% of GDP) Agriculture 21.5 19.0 15.0 16.8 40T I Industry 15.5 19.1 21.6 21.2 20 ManUf8CtUring 10.6 13.0 13.8 12.8 Services 63.0 61.9 63.4 62.0 0 Privateconsumption 83.9 77.5 76.7 77.4 -201 Generalgovernmentconsumption 18.0 14.6 14.5 14.6 Importsof goods and services -GDI -GDP 1g83-g3 Igg3-O3 i (average annualarowth) Growthof exportsand Imports(%) Agricuiure 1.2 2.4 -19.9 19.2 Industry 3.3 6.7 9.5 Manufacturing 3 3 5 9 101 O 3 Services 2 1 5 1 4 8 4 1 10 Private consumption 1 6 1 2 -02 2 7 O Generalgovernmentconsumption 1 7 73 1 2 8 3 -10 Grossdomesticinvestment 4.7 10.0 5.4 16.4 "-Exports --O-lmports Imports of goods and setvices - 89 - Senega1 PRICESand GOVERNMENT FINANCE 1983 1993 2002 2003 Domestic prices (% change) Consumerprices 11.4 -1.0 2.3 0.0 ImplicitGDP deflator 8.9 -1.4 2.7 0.8 Govemmentfinance (% of GDP, includescurmnt granfs) Currentrevenue 18.8 16.8 19.0 19.6 Current budget balance -4.0 0.2 5.4 5.5 Overallsuroius/deflcit -8.1 -4.0 -3.0 -3.0 TRADE 1983 1993 2002 2003 (US$ millions) Export and import levels(US$ mlll.) Total exports (fob) 606 719 1,066 1,332 I 2.504 T Groundnutproducts 170 47 69 61 Phosphates 48 43 174 168 2,000 Manufactures 160 164 250 304 1.5w Total imports(ciQ 1,042 1,235 1,775 2.247 Food 265 348 335 410 1000 Fueland energy 239 124 284 387 5w I Capital goads 164 159 317 325 0 Exportprice index (1995=1001 62 56 87 87 or 98 9s w Of 02 importprice index(1995=100) 53 61 83 83 OExports Dlmports Terms of trade (1995=1001 117 90 104 105 BALANCE of PAYMENTS 1983 1993 2002 2003 (US$ mi//ions) Currentaccount balanceto GDP (X) Exportsof goodsend services 955 1,272 1.518 1,847 Importsof goodsand services 1,312 1,674 2,004 2,628 Resourcebalance -358 -401 -488 -780 Net income -103 -191 -184 -92 Net currenttransfers -6 15 373 464 Currentaccount balance -467 -578 -298 -408 Financingitems(net) 414 466 368 342 Changes in net reserves 53 112 -70 87 Memo: Reservesincludinggold (US$ millions) 23 15 579 689 Conversionrate (DEC. /oca//US$J 381.1 283.2 697.0 580.1 EXTERNALDEBTand RESOURCE FLOWS 1983 1993 2002 2003 (US$ millions) 1iCompsltlonof 2003 debt (US$mill.) Total debt outstandingand disbursed 2,078 3,760 3,904 4,167 IBRD 86 52 0 0 IDA 183 918 1,578 1,806 Total debt service 117 127 220 237 IBRD 10 16 0 0 IDA 3 10 16 24 Compositionof net resourceflows Official grants 108 299 190 190 Official creditors 274 101 93 83 Privatecreditors 58 -6 1 1 Foreigndirect investment -35 -1 93 Portfolioequity 0 6 0 0 C: 240 World Bank program Commitments 59 40 45 48 A IBRD - E Bilateral Disbursements 32 46 114 107 B IDA D -Other multilateral F Private Principalrepayments 8 15 6 13 C IMF -. 0 Short-ten --- Net flows 26 31 108 95 Interest payments 7 11 10 12 Net transfers 19 20 98 83 - 90 - AdditionalAnnex 11:Descriptionof Project Sites SENEGAL: IntegratedMarineand Coastal ResourcesManagement Project Based on the results o f the preparation phase, three pilot areas were selected: 0 Senegal River Delta 0 Cap-Vert Peninsula 0 Saloum River Delta The pilot areas were selected on the basis o f the following criteria: 0 they constitute ecosystems critical for Senegal's fisheries, including endemic or threatened species; 0 they are inhabited by fishing communities with strong cultural identity and a commitment to the sustainable management o f marine and coastal resources (as expressed duringpreparatory workshops); 0 they include existing marine protected areas. 1. SenegalRiver Delta Description The Senegal River delta pilot area comprises: (i) Ocean front from Saint-Louis to Tart (35 km), (ii) the the Senegal River estuary, from the mouth of the River to the DiamaDam(50 km), and (iii) river's the floodplain inSenegal, east o f the Lac de Guiers, an area of approximately 2,500 km2. The Ocean-front consists o f a low sand spit less than 100mwide that channels the River towards its mouth to the South, The Southem part o f the sand spit is within the Parc National de l a Langue de Barbarie, whereas the northem part is within the town o f Saint-Louis and hosts Guet Ndar, a fishing community o f 38,000 people that is the largest inSenegal. The fishers from Guet Ndar mainly specialize incatching small demersals (shad andmackerel) all along the coast of Senegal and even in Mauritania and Guinea Bissau. The Senegal River estuary includes a network o f interconnectedpools that dry up during the dry season, with a sprinkling ofAvicennia nitida andRhizophora sp. mangrove. A string o f villages lines the eastem side o f the estuary (the Gandiole). Their main activity is garden fanning, although there is limited number o f fishers. The extensive floodplain is cut by a network of streams (Gorom, Lampsar, Kassack, Ngallam, Djeuss, Taouey, Djoudj) that bringfloodwaters to several large depressions (Djoudj, Guiers, Trois-Marigots, Ndiael). Ecosystem The Senegal River Delta is located ina semi-arid zone, just south o f the Sahara. Accordingly, its ecosystem is entirely dependant on the yearly seasonal flood, from August to November, which creates anoasis ofgreenery within an otherwise Sahelian landscape o fthornbush savanna. Historically, the flood inundated as much as 250,000hectares. The floodwaters brought injuvenile marine fish, such as the Flathead Mullet, Mugil cephalus, andthe Bonga Shad, Ethmalosafimbriata, and the Pink Shrimp, Penaeus duorarum, which sojourned andgrew inthe floodplain for several months before returning to the sea, helpingto replenish coastal fish stocks. Once the waters hadreceded, the floodplain provided -91 - richpasturescritical for livestock from the Ferlo during the dry season. The flood also helped maintain large groves o fAcacia nilotica that provided woodfuel andfodder. Although, the areaflooded is muchreduced, the delta still attracts large numbers o fwintering palearctic waterfowl andwaders, includingup to 550,000 ducks, 250,000 shorebirds and 2,500 European Spoonbills, as well as African water birds, including 20,000 greater flamingos andupto 12,000 lesser flamingos. The presenceof fish inthe deltasustains colonies of birds suchas Pelicans, Cormorants andDarters, herons andegrets. Furthermore, the abundanceo fjuvenile fish at the mouth of the Senegal Riverhelps sustainbreeding colonies o f gulls andterns. Major threats The mainthreat has beenthe implementation ofdevelopmentinitiativesthat do not take into accountthe delta's natural ecosystem andhas focusedentirely on the needs of irrigated agriculture for the productionof sugarcane andrice. As a consequence, the natural flood cycle is compromised by a complex network o fdykes that was initiated inthe 1860sandnow almost entirely stops floodwaters from reaching the floodplain. Approximately 50% of the area has beenconverted to agriculture, while most o fthe other 50% has become a desert because of the lack of water, forcing people out ofthe area. Nearly95% of the marine fishnursery grounds are now inaccessible. The construction of a salt-barrier dam at Diama onthe SenegalRiver inthe middle of the deltahas had a significant impact on its ecology. The estuarynow effectively stops at Diama andthe waters upstreamfrom Diama are salt free year round, allowing year-round irrigatedagriculture andproviding a reliable freshwater supply to the city of Dakar. However, the salt water barrier has had unintended drawbacks, most particularly: (i) spectacular spreado f invasive freshwater plantssuch as the the Cattail, Typhaaustralis, the Water Lettuce, Pistia stratiotes,andmore recently in 1999the Giant Salvinia Aquatic Fernfrom Brazil, Salvinia molesta, which has beentermed the world's worst weed, (ii)bilharziaepidemicthatnowaffectsover%ofthepopulationinthedelta. Drainagewaterfrom a irrigated crops laden with fertilizer andpesticideshave compoundedthe problem. Ifnot addressed urgently, the Salvinia problemcould become a national disaster. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the Diama dam does not appear to have significantly reducedthe volume of floodwater reaching the Atlantic Ocean. Onthe contrary, the network o f dykes along the bankso fthe SenegalRiverhas increasedflood levels at the moutho fthe SenegalRiver, threateningthe city o f Saint-Louis. Another major issueis the sustainability of the fishing community inGuetNdar. The GuetNdar fishers are active from Mauritania to Guinea Bissau. These two countries are considering measures to further restrict access to their fisheries, which could leadto anincrease infishing effort by Guet Ndarfishers in Senegal. Moreover, the adoption o f comanagementinitiatives inother parts of Senegalwould further concentratethe fishingeffort by Guet Ndar fishers inthe waters North of Dakar. Protected areas within thepilot area The long-term objective is for the pilot area to becomea Biosphere Reserve, with the ParcNational des Oiseaux duDjoudj at its core. Eventually, the Biosphere Reservemight include part o fthe rightbank o fthe SenegalRiver Delta inMauritania, including the DiawlingNational Park. Biodiversitymanagementandconservationefforts inthe SenegalRiver Deltahave beenpiecemeal, focusing on creating enclaveswithin the currently dysfunctional ecosystem. It is expectedthat the establishment of a Biosphere Reserve encompassingthe delta will focus the debate on its ecological - 92 - functions, startingfrom the fundamental role playedby the annualfloods. The pilot areawould initially include four existingprotectedareas: 0 Parc National des Oiseaux duDjoudj, 0 RCserve SpCciale de FauneduNdiael, 0 RCserve SpCciale de Faunede Gueumbeul, 0 Parc National de la Languede Barbarie. The GIRMaC would also include conservationmeasurestargetedat the following significant areas that are not currently protected 0 Mangrovesandmudflatsofthe Gandiolais; 0 MangrovesandmudflatsNorthof Saint Louis; 0 The Trois-Marigots; 0 The reserve ofNord Saint Louis. 1.1 TheParc National des Oiseaux du DjoudJ (PNOD) (Created on 14April 1971; designatedRamsar site Senegal 1SNOOl on 11July 1977; inscribedonthe World HeritageList in 1981, and listed on the Montreux recordofpriority sites for conservationaction in1993.) Location: 16'20' N, 16'12' W, ina low valley, 60 kmupstreamfrom the monthof the Senegal River. The Park is approximately 20 kmupstream fromthe Diama dam. The PNOD is contiguouswith the DiawlingNational Park inMauritania,which protectssimilar habitats. Area: 16,000 ha Description: The PNOD is aninland wetlandthat is part of a vast basinof impermeable holomorphicsoils forming saline flats inthe SenegalRiver delta betweenthe main channel to the north andthe Gorom stream to the South. The area is subjectedto managedseasonalfloods, creatinglarge open expanses of water that benefitwater birds. Flora: Vegetationis of Saheliantype with shrub savannaconsistingofAcacia nilotica, Acacia tortilis,Acacia seyal, andBalanites aegyptiaca. Floodedareas are colonizedby dense stands of Typha australis, Sporobolus robustus, Phragmites vulgaris andTiger Lotus, Nymphaea lotus. Low lying areas that have saline clay soils that are colonizedby Tamarisk, Tamarix senegalensis,andby Salicomia sp. Fauna: It is estimatedthat almost 3,000,000 birds from 360 species visit the park yearly. Most importantly the Park constitutes a major staging and wintering ground for palearcticmigrants from September to April. As many as 200,000 ducks (Garganey, Anas querquedula, ShovelerAnas clypeata, Pintail, Anas acuta, and Teal, Anas crecca) and200,000 shorebirds (Avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta, RuffPhilomachus pugnax, andBlack-tailed Godwit, Limosa limosa) havebeen observedinthe Park. Over 1,000 EuropeanSpoonbill,Platalea leucorodia, also winter there. The Park is also a major nesting site for Africanwater birds, hostingup to 5,000 pairs ofWhite pelican, Pelecanus onocrotalus, approximately 80% of the West Africa's Night Heron, Nycticorax nycticorax, andbreedingpopulationsof Whitefacedtree duck Dendrocygna viduata, Fulvoustree duck, Dendroqgna - 93 - bicolor, Spurwinged goose, Plectropterus gambensis, Purple Heron, Ardea purpurea, various Egretta sp., African Darter Anhinga melanogaster rufa (a near-threatenedspecies accordingto BirdlifeInternational), Common Cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo, White-Breasted cormorant, P. lucidus, the Greater Flamingo, Phoenicopterus ruber. It is also a breeding site for the Black Crowned Crane, Balearicapavonina. The Arabian Bustard,Ardeotis arabs, a speciesindanger ofextinction, is startingto make discreetappearancesinthe Djoudj. Mammals include the Warthog, Phacochoerus aethiopicus,andPatas Monkeys, Erythrocebuspatas. Crocodile and the Borcas gazellehave been successfully reintroduced into the Park. Threats: The PNOD is currently the only portion of the delta on the Senegalese side that benefits from effective protection. It is surroundedby villages that farm rice and raise livestock. Incursions by livestock looking for fodder duringthe dry season have beena major source of conflict with neighboring populations. The Djoudj is filled up yearly from the Diama Reservoir during the flood. As a result, invasive freshwater plants, such as the Water Salad, Pistia stratiotes and the Giant Salvinia Water Fern, Salvinia molesta, now choke waterways. Park managementhas struggled to finda water managementregime to reducethis threat. The African Manatee, Trichechus senegalensis,has notbeen observedsince 1981 and seems to have disappeared. Management: NorthRhineland-Westphalia (Germany) has financed the preparation of a managementplanthat includes the establishment o f a biological station. Tourism: The PNOD attracts over 5,000 visitors per year. Resource use: Localpopulations also gather Typha australis and Sporobolus robustus to make mats. Nymphaea lotus is usedincooking (for couscous). 1.2 RbeweSpt!ciale de F a m e du NdiatY (Created on 2 January 1965; Designated Ramsar site Senegal 1SN002 on 11July 1977) Location: 16'10'-16'18' N, 16"-16"17' W; southofRN2betweenSaintLouisand RichardToll Area: 46,550 ha Description: Seasonally flooded inlandwetland on the southernfringe of the SenegalRiver delta, inan areathat was previously flooded at highwater periods. TheNdiael is a large depressionfilledthrough severalchannels, most particularly the assemblageknownas the Trois-Marigots andfrom the Lac de Guiersthrough the Niety Yone. The seasonal flux ofthe floodwaters usedto feedNdiaelbut has been disruptedby existing dykes. Areas to the North andthe East have been converted to irrigated agriculture. Flora: Vegetation is dominated by annual grasses such as Paspalum,Panicum, and Eragrostis. Woody vegetation is scarce. Fauna: Historically, the Ndiaelwas more important for water birds than the Djoudj. The area served as a nursery ground for certain marine species such as the FlatheadMullet,Mugil cephalus,Bonga Shad, Ethmalosafimbriata andPink Shrimp, Penaeus duorarum. Threats: The main threat is the absence of floodwaters because all the streamsthat fed the Ndiael have been cut by dykes. Most waters that now reach the Ndiael are from - 94 - the drainage of irrigated perimeters to the North and are highly pollutedwith pesticides. 1.3 Rberve Sp6ciale de Faune de Gueumbeul (Createdon 30 May 1983; designatedRamsar site Senegal 1SN004 on 27 September 1986) Location: 15'57' N, 16'28' W, 10 kmSouth o f Saint-Louis Area: 720 hectares Description: Inlandwetland within the Senegal River estuary that is subjectedto seasonal floods. The reserve includes a floodable saltpan(chott) borderedby low sand dunes. It serves as a complement to the ParcNational des Oiseaux du Djoudj. Flora: Protectionhas encouragedthe regenerationof thom bushsavanna dominated by Acacia sp.. The buffer zone includes stands ofRhizophora andAvicenniamangrove. Fauna: When flooded, the Reservehosts significant numberso f waders, most notably Avocet. There is a breeding colony o f Little Tern, Sterna albifrons. Dama andDorcas gazelle are bred on the site. Threats: The mainthreat is he poor internalization of conservation activities by neighboring villages. As a result, localpopulations continue to harvest natural resources(fuelwood, non-timber forest products such as Acacia pdds, salt, fish resources) and livestock continuesto graze inthe Reserve. Management: The Reserveis within one of the target sites for the GEF fundedProgramme de gestion intdgrke des dcosyst2mesau Sdndgal(PGIES). The Reserveis within one ofthe potentialwater pathways inthe eventthat Senegaldecides to rehabilitate the Ndiael. Experimental researchstation for Sahelian fauna. Paddocks for gazelles brought infrom Spainhavebeenerected. There is as yet no officially approved managementplan. Tourism: Approximately 750 visitors per year. 1.4. Parc National de la Langue de Barbarie (Created on 9 January 1976) Location: 15'45'-16'55' N,16'50 W Area: 2,000 hectares Description: Comprises a low lying sand spit bordering the SenegalRiver, including the current moutho fthe SenegalRiver, a marinearea o f 500m from shore, andthe waters inside ofthe sandspit. Flora: Natural vegetation is scarce andreducedto Ipomeapes-caprae and Sesuvium portulacastrum. A few Prosopisjulijlora survive on the sand spit. Fauna: Turtles andbirds, fish and dolphins Fauna: Importantbreeding colony o f seabirds, on a small islandinthe River, including 3,500 pairs of Grey-headedGull, Lams cirrocephalus, 2,500 pairs o f Slender-billed gull, Lams genei, 200 pairs o f Gull-billed Tem, Gelochelidon nilotica, 2,000 pairs o fRoyalTern, Sterna maxima, 250 pairs o f Caspian Tem, Sterna caspia, and50 pairs o f Black Tem, Chlidonis niger. The mouth of the SenegalRiver is also a critical feeding ground for White Pelicans, Pelecanusonocrotalus, breeding inthe Djoudj, and animportant wintering ground for palearctic Ospreys, Pandion haliaetus. The sand spit is a knownbreeding site for marineturtle such as Chelonias - 95 - mydas, Carettacaretta, andDemochelys coriacea. Threats: Most of the Park was convertedto a Cassuarinaplantation inthe 1980s, limiting its function as a breeding site for Sea Turtles andseabirds. Another major issue is the fact that the habitat is dynamic whereasthe park's ' boundaries are static. This has createdconfusion regardingthe exact area protected. The Park does not protect the vestigeso f mangrove on the eastern shore o fthe estuary. Management: A managementplanis underpreparation. Park authorities have involved local populations inthe providing ecotourism services. Tourism: Approximately 4,000 visitors the park eachyear. 1.5 Thetown of Saint-Louis Founded as a Frenchcolonial settlement inthe 17thcentury, Saint-Louis was urbanized inthe mid-19th century. It was the capital o f Senegalfrom 1872 to 1957 andplayedan important cultural and economic role inthe whole ofWest Africa. The location o fthe town on an islandat the moutho fthe SenegalRiver, its regulartownplan, the system o fquays, and the characteristic colonial architecture give Saint-Louis its distinctive appearance and identity. Saint-Louis was registeredas a World Heritage Site in2000. 2. Cap-Vert Peninsula Description This pilot area includes 70kmof shoreline andmarinewaters from CambBrkneto the north, to the Somone estuary to the south. The peninsula itself hosts the city of Dakar,the capital of Senegal, and its suburbs. Dakarhas amajor harbor andholds most of Senegal's industrialcapacity. The Cap-Vert Peninsulais the result o f a series o f volcanic outcrops thatjut into the ocean, creating a jagged rocky shorelinewith severalislands, h e de Teungukne, h e de Ngor, fles de laMadeleine, h e de Gor6e. The Islandof Gorc5e has a troubled history as a slave-trading center andis now registered as a World Heritage site. Two capes mark the tip of the Peninsula: the Pointe o fthe Almadies to the North andthe Cap Manuelto the south. Part ofthe coastis made of steep cliffs, most particularly aroundthe Mammelles, andthe Cap Manuel. The rocky outcrops separatethe coastal sand dunes of the north (the Grande-C6te) where the sea is often rough, particularly duringthe winter months, from the Baie de Hannto the south, which is shelteredfrom the trade winds. Further south, the shoreline consists o f a successionof capes andbay beaches, cut by a series o f small lagoons (Bargny, Yenne, Popenguine, Somone) supplied by freshwater runofforiginating from the Thihs lateritic plateau. This shoreline is low except around Poponguine where the plateaureaches the coast at Cap Naze. The coastline is bordered by a continental shelf that is narrow around the Cap-Vert Peninsula, but widens to the South. Ecosystem The Cap-Vert Peninsulais a renownedfishingareafor severalreasons: (i) upwelling, which is the particularly strong along the coast north o f the Peninsula, boosts primary productivity insurface and subsurfacewaters, (ii) rocky shores o f the Peninsulaprovide a habitat that is not found elsewhere the along the coast, (iii) the shelteredshallow waters of the Baie de Hannconstitute a major breeding and nursery ground for coastalfishresources, including Sardinella sp.. Mangroves that played an important role as nursery grounds for severalmarinespecies including shrimps colonized many o f the lagoons south of Dakar. The lagoons are also important staging areas for palearctic migratory birds. Local values The Cap-Vert Peninsulawas historically inhabitedby the Lebou. The Lebouretainastrong presence in the fishing communities ofthe Cap-Vert Peninsulasuchas Yoff, Ngor, Ouakam, SoumbCdioune, Hann, Thiaroye, Rufisqueand Bargny. Fishinghas remained a major activity o fthe Lebou, but agriculture is also practiced duringthe rainy season. The Cap-Vert Peninsulais the object of a diversity of myths andlegendsinvolvinglocal divinities that protect Leboufishers; NjarCfor Teungubne Island; Dek Daour for the Madeleine Islands; Kumba Caste1 for GorCe, Kumba Lambfor Rufisque and Kumba Cupaamfor the Cape Naze. Holy sites o f major culturalsignificance to the Leboupeople dot the coastlinefrom Yoff to Bargny. Major threats The proximity of a large city with major industries constitutesaprimary threat to the Peninsula's coastalandmarine biodiversity. Most o f Dakar's sewerage andindustrialeMuent is dischargedinto the ocean. The impact is most pronouncedinthe Baie de Hannbecause it is shelteredandshallow. Eutrophication o f stretcheso fthe Bay could alreadyhave reducedfish productionby 30%, although a reliable estimate has never beenestablished. The threat will inpart be mitigatedby the ongoing Long Term Water Supply Project fundedby the World Bank, which will finance the construction of sewerage treatment plants. The other major constraint is overfishing for commercial purposes. The current regulatory regime favors open access anddiscourages local co-managementinitiatives. As a result, none of the constraints and rules that applied inthe pastandpromoted sustainablefishingremain. Destructive fishingpractices have increasedover the years. They are most prevalent around GorCe, the fles de la Madeleine National Park, and offOuakam. They include the use o f dynamite and the use of oxygen bottles for underwater fishing. Finally, the small lagoons south o fDakar are heavily degradedbecause o f small dams builton the slopes o fthe Thibs Plateauto retainrunoff waters. The decrease inwater flow has increasedsalinity in the lagoons andinmost cases resulted ina closure ofthe lagoon mouths and thus loss o f access to the sea. Uncontrolledtourism anddevelopment has also increasedthe amount o f waste entering these lagoons. Protectedareas within thepilot area Conservation efforts inthe Cap-Vert Peninsulahave upuntilnow addressednarrow concerns. For example, the driving concern increating the Parc national des fles de la Madeleine was the protection of its nesting Tropicbirds. The GIRMaC will be the first effort to survey, manage and monitor the peninsula's coastalresources as an ecosystem. The objective o f the GIRMaC is to triggera debate and dialogue amongst stakeholdersthat will increaseawarenesso f the crisis and result inmeasures that can be implementedto sustainably managecoastalbiodiversity. The mainfocal areas for this effort will be: 0 ParcNational des fles de la Madeleine - 97 - 0 Rherve Naturelle de Poponguine RBserveNaturelle Communautairede la Somone 0 Rberve Naturelle Communautairede Teungubne(he de Yoff) 0 h e de Gor4e 2.1 PareNational deslies de la Madeleime (PNIM (Established as a GazettedForest in 1949, and as a National Park on 16 January 1976) Location: 14O39' N, 17'28' W. Two islands 3.6 kmWest o f Dakar. Area: 450 hectares Description: The Park comprises a volcanic islando f 15 ha and severalrocky outcrops. The eastern side o fthe main islandconsist of35 mhighcliffs, while the western side largebasaltic blocks, severaldeep pools andsheltered coves. Flora: More than 100 species ofplants have beenobserved, including Cissus quadangullaris,Euphorbia sp. andAdenium obesum. The top of the cliffs is mainly coveredby Andropogon gayanus,which was introducedby earlier inhabitants. Fauna: The Park holds a nestingcolony (50-100 pairs) of Red-billedTropicbirds, Phaeton aethereus mesonauta, one o f only 3 knownnestingsites, anda nesting colony of 200 CommonCormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo. Itis also constitutes a significant wintering area for Gannets, Sula bassana,and Ospreys, Pandion haliaetus. The area is also a major passagepoint for pelagic birds, including skuas, Storm Petrels and Shearwaters. The Park preservesone of the only samplesof a rocky shoreline south of Morocco, including small areas of corals. The marine fauna is very rich in species andnumbers, including fishspecies rarely found elsewherealong the coast, such as Ophiblenniusatlanticus, Parablennius goreensis, Monrovia Doctorfish, Acanthurusmonroviae,Beaugregory Damselfish, Eupomacentrus leustictus,Honeycomb Moray Eel,Muraena melanotis,Red-bandedSeabream, Pagrus auriga, GuineanParrotfish, Scarus hoejleri, the GuineanBdish, Chilomycterusspinosus,Bream,Diplodus sp. and SpanishHogfish, Bodianus speciosus, as well as Mollusks such as Bursapustitoda, Hexaplex duplex,and Natica species, and Shellfish such as the Green Lobster, Palinurus regius. Threats: The mainthreat is the absence o f an explicit agreementwith neighboring fishing communities relative to the Park's purpose. As a result, only the core of the Park is effectively protected. Fishresourceswithin the park are heavily covetedbecausethe surrounding waters are extensively overfished, The concentration o f fish within the parkhas ledcertain groups o f fishermen to use explosives. Furthermore, parkpersonnel have not beenable to stop deep-sea fishing within the park by "tourists". Another significant threat is the decrease inoperational funds by more than 70% duringthis last decade, which hasmade it impossible for Park personnelto protect andmonitor the Park. Management: The first priority is a systematic survey of the fish fauna to determine species composition andtrends. The secondpriority is to reach an agreementwith neighboring fisher communities, to sustainably managethe ecosystemwithin which the park is located. A managementplanis underpreparation with support from GTZ. WCN, with a - 98 - financial support o f the Kingdom ofthe Netherlands,has helpedorganize the participation o f local organizations inthe managemento f the Park, inpartnership with the SenegaleseAssociation ofthe Friends ofNature (ASAN). Other: The parkhosts severalarchaeological sites with various proto-historical remains suchas ceramics, tools or bones. 2.2 RkserveNaturelle dePoponguine (Establishedas GazettedForest on 7 November 1936andas aNature Reserve on 24 May 1986) Location: 14'53 N, 17'06 W, on the coast approximately 60 kmsouth o f Dakar. Area: 1009ha o fland, and 100ha marine. Description: The terrestrial part is characterizedby a relatively chaotic outline, withhills of sandstone and limestone, culminating ina 74 meter highcliff. The hills are cappedwith laterite andare unsuitedfor agriculture. The rocky formations extendinto the ocean, forming a distinct micro-habitat for marinespecies. A seasonallagoonis located at the foot ofthe cliff andconstitutesthe only source o f freshwater inthe reserve. Flora: SecondarySahelianvegetation composedofthorny bushes, including Acacia nilotica, Prosopisjulijlora, baobab,Adansonia digitata andsome Combretaceae. Fauna: The original purpose ofthe reservewas to protect the wintering site of the rare BlueRock-Thrush, Monticola solitarius, andto shelter other migratory passerinesthat follow the Atlantic coast o f West Africa. Protectionhas also allowed the returnof native mammalspecies such as the Bushbuck, Tragelaphus scriptus, the Forest Duiker, Cephalophus grimmia, the Vervet Monkey, Cercopithecus aethiops, the SpottedHyena, Crocuta crocuta, Golden Jackal, Canis aureus, the Striped Polecat, Ictonyx striatus andthe Civet, Viverra civetta. Lastly, the reserveholds Python sebae andthe Monitor Lizard, Varanus niloticus . Threats: The mainthreat is that an increaseinbiodiversity will attract poachersfrom outsidethe local communities. Management: The PopenguineReservewas the test bench for the co-management of biodiversity inSenegal. Most important, the thrust for sustainablemanagement came from a collective o f 8 women's associations. It constitutes a rare example o f voluntary participation o f neighboring populations inthe managemento f a protected area. The marineportiono fthe reservehas neverbeenmanagedandthere has beenno inventory of marinespecies. Ultimately, the future o fthis portion will dependon the adoption o f sustainable managementpractices by local fishers. 2.3 Rkservede la Somone Location: The village o f Somone is situated 60 km south o f Dakar. Area: 700 hectares Description: The area is located around the small coastalbasin o f Somone Riverthat runs down from Thits andNdiass plateauto the sea. Flora: Rhizophora sp. mangrove tree have beensuccessfully replanted. Fauna: Mainly oysters and shrimp. It is also a significant stopping area for shorebirds - 99 - and waterfowl. Threats: The mainthreat is the capture ofrunoffinto the Somone Riverfor the purposes o f agriculture and tourism. As a result runoffhas become too little to sustain ecological functions inthe estuary and the lack o fwater flow has been insufficient to maintain anopen access to the sea andhas resulted in hyper-salinity inthe estuary. The secondthreat isuncontrolled residential developmentonthe shoresofthe estuary, leading to destruction or degradationo f critical mangrove habitat. Management: Women groups begunto rehabilitate degradedmangrove ecosystems in 1995 leading to an increaseof shrimp catchesby fishermen of surrounding villages. Therefore the rural council enactedthe creation o fthe community natural reserve o f Somonein 1999. 2.4 Rbsewe Naturelle CorPtmunautairede Teunguzne @lede YojJ Teungubne is a small island off of the village ofYoff, onthe northern side o f the Cap-Vert Peninsula. It is a key cultural and religious site for the Leboupeople o f Yoff. It is uninhabited andprotected by an 8m highcliff. The islanditself is barren, butthe surrounding seas are biologically rich andhave benefited from protection measuresimplemented by the traditional Lebou social structure. Teungubne hasbeenregisteredas aCommunityNature Reserveunder Senegaleselaw, andaproposalhasbeen submittedto UNESCO to designateitas a BiosphereReserve. 2.5 Island of Gorde The islandofGor6e lies offthe coast oppositeDakar.Fromthe 15thto the 19thcentury, it was the largest slave-trading center on the African coast. Ruledinsuccessionby the Portuguese, Dutch, English and French, its architecture is characterizedby the contrast betweenthe grim slave-quarters and the elegant houses of the slave traders. Today it continuesto serve as a reminder o fhuman exploitation and as a sanctuary for reconciliation. The waters around Gorke are shallow, shelteredandrocky, They constitute the most accessibleand strikingexample ofthe fish community ofthe Cap-Vert Peninsula. 3. Saloum River Delta Biosphere Reserve Description The Saloum River drains a watershedo f approximately 30,000 km2,includingthe Sine River watershed. The delta starts west o f Kaolack, and extends from Joal-Fadiouth to the north, to the border with The Gambia to the South, an areao f approximately 5,000 km2. It includes three distinct habitats: mangrove, tidal mudflats andmarine. The mangrove is locatedwithin three groups ofislands covering approximately 800 km2,the Gandoun islandsto the north, and the Bktanti andFathala islandsto the south. These islandgroups are separated by three maintributaries; the Saloum, the Diombosandthe Bandiala. The mangrove area is further brokenup by a dense network of smalltidal channels or bolons. Each bolon is characteristically borderedupto the limitso f daily tidal flooding by a gallery o f tall White Mangrove, Laguncularia racemosa. This external part o f the mangrove traps sedimentsand constitutes a shelter againstwaves. Inside the gallery up to the mean limits o f inundationby springtides are found woodlands o fBlack Mangrove, Avicennia afiicana. RedMangrove, Rhizophora mangleandR. harrisonii,occur at the boundary betweenWhite and Black Mangrove. The Button Mangrove, - 100- Conocalpuserectus,growsjust above the hightide line. Typically, Sesuviumportulacastrum and Paspalum vaginatum form a carpet under the Black Mangrove. The White Mangrove appears to be the pioneer species, being replacedlater on by Black Mangrove untilthe soilisraisedbythe trapped sediments andbecomes too aridto support vegetationduringthe dry season, thus constituting salty barrenflats called "tannes". These tannes are colonized by salt resistant grasses such as Andropogon gayanus,Sporobolusrobustus andSphaeranthussenegalensis (which produces a potent anti-inflammatory), and by trees such as Tamarix senegalensis,Adansonia digitata. Higher ground is colonized by the African Oil Palm, Elaeis guineensis. The extent o f tannes i s much greater inthe northernpart o f the delta, an area that is subjected to the yearly floods o f the Saloum River. Incontrast, the inflow o f fresh water is muchmore limitedinthe South where the mangrove forest is more extensive and denser. The northern part o fthe Saloum estuary is protected from the Atlantic Ocean by a sand spit, which stretches from Palmarinto the North to Sangomar to the South. This spit has repeatedly been breached bythe Ocean during spring tides, buthas always reconstituted itself. The second major habitat consists o f tidalmudflats totalling several thousand hectares. The marine portion is shallow and soft-bottomed. It also includes several sand bars and small sandy islands that shiR from year to year. Ecosystem The Saloum River Delta constitutes a critical breeding andnursery ground for several economically important fish species, most particularly the MadeiranSardinella, Sardinella maderensis. The fish populationinthe estuarine complex comprises 114 species, which is a relatively highspecific richness when compared with other estuaries; 39% o f fish species reproduce inthe estuary; 85% o f the fish found inthe estuary arejuveniles. Mangrove are critical to many o fthese species. For example, shrimp productionis directly linked to the area o f mangrove. Overall biomass productionis estimated at approximately 160,000 tons per year, including 30,000 to 50,000 tons o f fish. The mangrove forest supports an extensive coastal food web, including invertebrates, shellfish such as the Fiddler Crab, Ucapugnax, andprovides prime nesting andwintering habitat for hundreds of bird species. Wintering palearctic shorebirds are attracted by the abundant invertebrates and shellfish available during low tide onthe mudflats. Certain speciesroost inthe mangrove while others gather on the sandy islands offshore. The abundance o f fish attracts dolphins, pelicans, herons and egrets, Ospreys andAfrican FishEagles. The fish nursery grounds are exploited by nesting gulls and terns. Large expanses o f sea grasses attract sea turtles and sustain a population o f African Manatees. Threats The main threat is the tense coexistence between conservation efforts andlocal populations. Local populations see conservation as restricting their livelihoods rather than as an instrument to make their livelihoodsmore sustainable. Furthermore, the current regime for regulating fisheries has hindered the local initiatives to restrict - 101 - access to fishresourcesto increasetheir sustainability. On the contrary, Government has financed the creation o f new landingsites (Djifer andMissira) that further openedthe fisheries and have promoted overfishing. Inadditionto directly affecting fisher populations,the reductioninfishabundance affectsfish eating dolphins, and fish eating birds. A major sourceof conflict isthe collectionofshellfish suchas Mangrove Oysters, Crassostreagasar, andArkshell. Mangrove Oysters grow onthe roots ofWhite andRedMangrove trees. The mainmode o fcollection is to cut offchunks of the roots, thus gradually destroying the mangrove. The impact of this activity has becomemore serious with increasedopportunities to commercialize them for consumption inurbanareas. Protectedareas within thepilot area Most o fthe proposedpilot area is comprised within the Saloum DeltaBiosphere Reserve, The maritime portionofthe delta is almost entirely included inthe Parc national du delta du Saloum, while the northwestern portionis coveredby the RkserveNaturelle Communautaire de Palmarin. The Saloum DeltaNationalPark shares a border with the NiumiNational Park inThe Gambia. Recently, there have beenagreements relative to the common managementof these two national parks. 3.1 Parc National du Delta du Saloum (Created on 28 May 1976; Designated Ramsar site Senegal 1SN003 on 3 April 1984) Location: 13O37' N, 16'42' W, 80 kmWest o fJSaolack, on the border with Gambia on the Atlantic coast. Area: 73,000 hectares Description: The Park includes all o fthe marinehabitat of the Saloum RiverDelta as well as some of its mudflats andmangrove. It also includes the Fathala Forest, a dry forest. Flora: The dominant habitat is mangrove forest, including Laguncularia racemosa, Rhizophora mangle, R. harrisonnii, andAvicennia nitida. Fauna: The Park is a breeding site for at least 3 species o f sea turtles: Olive Ridley, Lepidochelys olivacea, Loggerhead, Caretta caretta, and Green, Chelonia mydas. The Park is a major wintering ground for approximately 100,000 palearctic shorebirds, including Curlew, Numenius arquatus, Bar-tailed Godwit, Limosa lapponica, Redshank, Tringa tetanus. Severalspecies o fgulls andterns nest inlarge numbers on several small sandy islands, most particularly the h e aux Oiseaux. The delta is an important site for dolphins, most particularly the Recent observations o f cetaceans have notedthe presenceo fAtlantic Humpbacked Dolphin, Sousa teuszii, the Bottle NosedDolphin, Tursiops truncatus, the CommonDolphin, Delphinus delphis, and spotted dolphins, Stenella sp.. The Park is the main site in Senegalfor the African Manatee, Trichechus senegalensis. The terrestrial part ofthe Park holds severalmammals at the limitoftheir natural distribution such as the Bohor Reedbuck, Redunca redunca, andthe Clawless Otter, Aonyx capensis. Threats: The mainthreat andproblem has its roots inthe authoritarian manner inwhich - 102- the park was created, without consultationswith localpopulations. As aresult, innumerable conflicts subsists concerning the use of resources, and no agreement has beenreachedwith local populations to participate inthe conservation of biodiversity inthe park. The mainissues that require attention are: (i) the gathering of shellfish inmudflats, (ii) collection mangrove oysters, (iii) the harvestingofbirdandsea turtle eggs, (iv) fishing sharksfor their fins, (v) huntingofmanatee andseaturtles, (vi) the use ofbeachseines inthe park. These activities constitutearealthreatto the ecological balanceof the region if not organized ina rational way. Management: IUCNhas helpedprepareda managementplanfor the Saloum delta Biosphere Reserve, including the Park. Several institutionaland regulatory issues remain to be resolvedto allow full implementation ofthe plan. Tourism: Almost 1,000 visitors per year. 3.2 Rberve Naturelle Communautaire de Palmarin Location: Itis enclosedbetween 14'00 N, 1 6 O 3 0 W, extending from the Atlantic to Fimela to the West. Itmatchesthe Communautk Rurale (CR) of Palmarininthe Fatick Region, including the villages ofNgallou, Sesskne, Ngukthi, Ngounoumane, Diakhanor, as well as the DjiRrfisher camp. Area: 77,000 hectares Description: The Reserveis withinthe northern halfof the Saloum River Delta. The landis exceptionally flat and consists mainly of seasonally flooded saltpansor mangrove forest. Extensive tidal mudflats line the banks of the Saloum River andits bolons. Approximately 12%ofthe land is suitable for agriculture. Flora: A low mangroveofAvicennia nitida covers approximately 40% of the area. There are clumps oftrees onhigher ground, includingBorassus aethiopium, Elaeis guineensis,Detarium guineensis,Dialium guineensis,the SenegalDate Palm, Phoenix reclinata, Adansonia digitata, Tamarindusindica, Ziziphus mauritiana, andZ. mucronata. Fauna: The Reserveis a major wintering site for palearctic shorebirds, most notably the Avocet, the Curlew sandpiper, Calidrisfermginae, and the Little Stint, Calidris minuta. It is also a restingarea for African water birds such as flamingos, the Pink-Backed Pelican, Pelecanus rufescens, the SenegalJabiru, Ephippiorhynchussenegalensis, the African Spoonbill, Platalea alba, and various ibises. The coastbetweenPalmarin andJoal-Fadiouth is animportant sea turtle feeding and nesting area. Threats: The biggestthreat is the poaching of protectedspecies, most particularly sea turtles, and to a lesser extent African Manatee. Tourism development along beaches also constitutes a seriousthreat to sea turtle reproduction. The second most importantthreat to biodiversity is the unregulated andunmanagedfisheries o fDjifer. Another significant threat i s the destruction o f forest cover for commercial purposes. Management: The PalmarinRural Community has defined a strategy of restoringforest groves through reforestation and sustainable managemento fresources through co-management. Tourism: The Reservealready has small-scale tourist infrastructure, inthe form o fvarious inns and lodges. - 103- AdditionalAnnex 12: IncrementalCost Analysis SENEGAL: IntegratedMarineand Coastal ResourcesManagementProject 1. BroadDevelopment Objectives The over-riding national developmentobjectives for Senegalare wealth creation, capacity buildingand social services, assistance to vulnerable groups. Excessive fishing has impoverished Senegal's marine environment thus posinga serious risk to sustain the fisheries sector which directly of indirectly provides a livelihood for large numbers of artisanal fishermen and others employed inprocessingand marketing of marine resources. To address the fisheries crisis the Government of Senegal is embarkingon a multi-donor sector-wideprogrammatic responseo f which this project will be part of. The drivingconcern is to maintainfisheries as a source o f export and a source o f local employment. The Government of Senegalrecognizesthe importance ofenvironmental protection activities and sustainableuse o f natural resourcesinpursuingits development agenda, as rapid growth and lack o f national managementcapacitiessubjects Senegal's coastalandmarine habitatsto degradation and over-exploitation of biodiversity. 2. Global Environmental Objective Senegal's coastalandmarine ecosystems presentthe northern limit of distribution of a large numberof coastal andmarine animals andplants. The coast contains a rich variety o fcoastalecosystems harboring considerablebiodiversity of global significance. The 700 kmo f coastline including several coastal islands include critical resting andwintering areas for Palearctic migratory birds and nesting areas for seabirds.Floodplain depressionsand salt flats inthe deltas of the three major rivers, the SenegalRiver, the Saloum River andthe Casamance River sustainlargeconcentrationso fpalearctic waders, invertebrates and shellfish. Severalcoastal sites around the Senegal River are knownas critical hatching sites for marineturtles. The Niayes, a series of small depressions, holds a coastal sand dune ecosystemwith highplant diversity. Large mangrove forests and swamps (over 1,800 km2)at the mount of the Saloum and Casamancerivers and smaller mangrove patchesat the SenegalRiver mouth host populations ofthe severely threatenedWest African Manatee, the African hump-backed dolphin, crocodiles andhippopotami. The northern part o f Senegal coastalwaters is aparticularly rich fish productionarea, which is sustainedby the permanentupwelling o fthe Canary Current and further boostedbythe nutrient richrivers, especially the SenegalRiver. Severalmarinemammals, for example pilot whales, bottle noseddolphins, common dolphins, and spotteddolphins populate these water attractedby the fish resource (see Annex 11for a detailed description o f ecosystemandbiodiversity values o f project sites). Theglobal environmental objective o f the project is to secure the conservation andmanagement o f Senegal's coastaland marineecosystems, which are globally significant and vital to sustain livelihoods o f coastalcommunities. 3. statusquo The Government o f Senegalhas longrecognized the importance o fprotecting the natural resourcebase. The conservation and sustainableuse o f coastalandmarine ecosystemshave beenidentifiedas priorities within the National Biodiversity Strategy andAction Plan. Senegalhas taken action and established protectedareas along its coast inthe 1980s. A decade later, the Government adopteda policy o f - 104- co-management for biodiversity inprotectedareasrespondingto the weak public and especially local support for the earlier protected areasmodelbasedon command and control. Yet, there is a critical needto addressthe gap betweenthe adoptedpolicy andthe out-dated legal, regulatory andinstitutional framework for environmental management.Inparticular the subsidiary legalandregulatory framework for protected area managementneeds to be improvedandupdatedto integratethe defacto policy of co-management. There is also needto formally linktwo new governance structuresto the Department o fNational Parks: i)the National Biodiversity Committee establishedin2002 to oversee the implementation of the National BSAP (1999), and ii)the G U S T (Groupe de rkflexion et d'appui scientifique et technique) establishedin2002 by the Ministryof Environment inresponseto this project. There has been a numbero fpast and ongoing smaller projects that aim to preserve coastal resources (see Annex 5). However, long-term project impact has beenlimitedas many of these projects did not have the scope nor leverageto addressunderlying causes describedabove that have preventedeffective biodiversity conservation, such as limitedpublic and local support to biodiversity conservation due to a protected areas modelthat is founded on an outdatedregulatory andinstitutionalframework providing little supportto involvement of local stakeholdersinmanagement. Overall support to biodiversity managementactivities inSenegalremains insufficient to ensure sustainability and additional sources o f funding are neededto tackle the current crisis inmarineand coastalresources. 4. BaselineScenario 4.1 Scope Inthe absenceof GEF assistance, supportto coastalandmarine resourcesmanagementover the next severalyears would be financed through IDNGoS andmainly focus on development o f sustainable fisheries inthree larger intervention areas: the SenegalRiver Delta, the Saloum River Delta, and the Cap Vert Peninsula. Activities would include the establishment of area-basedco-management for fisheries, development of fisheries managementplans andinstitutional strengthening o fthe Ministry o f Fisheries. To limitedextendfunds would benefit biodiversity managementand conservation inthe already existing biospherereserveinthe Saloum River Delta. The managementplan for the Saloum Delta BiosphereReservewould be improvedandupdated interms of establishing linkages with fisheries managementinthe proposedTURFSto be establishedinthe area, andespecially surrounding the Saloum DeltaNationalPark incorporated inthe biosphere reserve. Support would further be provided for limited institutional strengthening o f the Department ofNationalParks to implementthe biosphere managementplaninthe lightofbuildinglinkages to fisheries management. 4.2 Benefits Implementation o fthe baseline scenario will result innational benefits and include ensuring environmental sustainability through protection o f the natural resourcebase (inparticular fisheries) o f coastalandmarine ecosystems, improving the sustainability and productivity o f marineresourcebased industries, inparticular fisheries, strengthening andempowerment offishingcommunities, development of alternative employment opportunities and improved environmental awareness coastal communities. The GIRMaC would thus be the first fisheries project inSenegalthat would focus on the challenge o f managing fisheries resourcessustainably at a time when fisheries development has become ecologically unsustainable. The project would thus provide a strategic shift following a history o fpast and ongoing projects that havepromoted the development of fisheries andthe increase o f fisheries exports. Limitedglobal environment benefits wouldoccur from the stabilization ofthe fisheries, including reduction of excessivefishing, reductiono f destructive practices such as bottom trawling, and -105- preservation o f critical fish habitat, such as breeding andnursery grounds. This will have a downstream impact onthe larger ecosystemo fthe Saloum River Delta and limitedglobal environmental benefits would occur. 4.3 costs Total expendituresinthe baseline scenariowould be US$12.0 million 5. GEF Alternative 5.1 Scope With support from the GEF, the SenegaleseGovernment is ready to adapt an ecosystemapproachto sustainthe ecological servicesprovidedby Senegal's protectedareas andundertake the necessary measures to ensure the preservation of coastalandmarinebiodiversity of global importance startingin three larger intervention areas, the Senegal River Delta, the Saloum River Delta, and the Cap Vert Peninsula. The three areas proposedfor the Project include the three main fisheries hotspotsinSenegal, including a majority o f Senegal's fishermen. They also include 4 out o f Senegal's 6 National parks and 3 out of 5 nature reserves. The project would follow the approachpromotedby the Manandthe Biosphere (MAP) program of UNESCO andtwo new biospherereserveswouldbe establishedinthe SenegalRiver Delta and the Cap Vert Peninsulainaddition to the already exiting Biosphere Reservein the Saloum Delta. There is strong support from international and localNGOs and community organizations for the Government's efforts to incorporate the principles of ecosystemmanagement including co-management for protected areas inthe overarchhg legal andregulatory framework. The Government o f Senegal is committed to promote the establishmento f community basedprotected areas andincreaseofthe total areasprotectedfrom 8% to 12%. Biodiversity protection within the biosphere reserves would focus especially on selectedsites (protectedareas andcommunity reserves) recognized as regionally and globally important for their rich coastaland marine habitats. The larger intervention areas were selectedbecausethey include strong fishing communities that neighbor existing protected areas andthus lendthemselves to an ecosystemapproach. The biospheremanagementplansthat will be developedfollowing anecosystemapproachas amodel for biodiversity conservation and sustainableeconomic use will include: i)recasting the mandateof protected areas around the principle of co-managementandprovisiono f ecological services; ii) concducting participatory assessments andmonitoring ofbiodiversity, iii)promotingparticipatory surveillance and enforcement, iv) involving communities inecotourism services, v) strengthening capacity and awareness buildingfor local stakeholders, vi) rehabilitatingandmaintainingcritical park infrastructure, vii) establishing a systemto monitor andevaluatemanagementperformance and biodiversityconservation impact. The GEF Alternative would also include revision of the biodiversitymanagementframework inSenegal, including institutional andlegal aspects. Inparticular, the preparation of a Biodiversity and Protected Area Law, setting national objectives andmanagementprinciples andredefiningthe mandateof the DPNand the NationalBiodiversity Committee would be supported. Accordingly, the DPN would be receive support for reorganization andinstitutional strengtheningto llfillits new mandateunderthe revised framework. The National Biodiversity Committee wouldbe establishedas the main governance bodyregardingbiodiversity managementinSenegalandwould monitor the state ofbiodiversity in Senegalandthe performance o f DPN. The GEF alternative would further allow a feasibility study and consultationsregardingthe establishment o f sustainable financing options for the long-term sustainability o f the protected areanetwork. - 106- 5.2 Costs The total cost ofthe GEF Alternative is estimatedat US$17.0 millionwith the following details: 1. Developmentof SustainableFisheries US$ 8.1 million 2. Conservation of Critical Habitats and Species US$7.7 million 2.1 Managing ecosystems US$6.0million 2.2 Strengtheningthe Biodiversity Conservation Framework US$ 1.7 million 3. Program Management, M&E, and Communication US$ 1.2 million 5.3 Benefits Undertakingthe GEFAlternative wouldprovide the Government of Senegalwiththe opportunity to establisha comprehensivesystemof coastalandmarinebiosphere reserves that comprise national parks,biodiversity conservationareas, communal fisheries managementareas. Benefits classified as national would include ensuringenvironmental sustainability through protection and sustainableuse of the natural resourcebase o f coastaland marineecosystems, improvingthe productivity o fresource basedindustries, inparticular fisheries, community strengthening and empowerment, alternative employment opportunities andimproved environmental awareness. Global benefits would include the protection of coastalandmarine biodiversity; removal o f threats to coastal and marine ecosystems that are globally significant; strengthenedpublic awareness of global environmental issuesand mobilization of community efforts insupport of conservation efforts; improvedmonitoring ofthe status of important biodiversity resources. Because o f its scope and its focus on establishing an appropriate enabling institutionalandregulatory framework for biodiversity, GIRMaC complements and supports ongoing activities of much lesser scope and leverage (see Annex 5). Additionally, important lessons concerning co-managementofnatural resources, applicable inother biosphere reserves andprotected areas throughout the world, will be learnedduring project implementation. 6. IncrementalCosts The difference betweenthe cost o fthe Baseline Scenario(US$12.0 million) andthe cost ofthe GEF Altemative (US$l7.0 million) is estimatedat US$5.0 million, which is the sum being requestedas a GEF grant. This represents the incremental costs for achieving global environmentalbenefits through i)theestablishmentoftwomarine/coastalbiospherereservesencompassingexistingprotectedareasand community nature reservesand linkingup to so-called TURFS,fishingareas where territorial user rights are holdby artisanal fishingcommunities under an area-based co-management system, ii)development andimplementation ofmanagementplansfor the biospherereservesfollowing anecosystemapproach, andiii)restructuringthe biodiversitymanagementframework to overcomeconstraintsthat have limited effective management of protected areas, includingpreparation o f a Biodiversity and ProtectedArea Law, institutional strengthening o fthe Department o fNational Parks, and establishment o f the National Biodiversity Committee as the mainGovernment body regarding biodiversity managementinSenegal. These measures would eventually lead to sustainableconservation of globally significant biodiversity. - 107- Incremental Cost Matrix Domestic.Benefit -. . . - " - .-.____. heries 8.1 Secured long-term livelihood o f fishing lome reduction o f ecosystem communities intarget areas. Increased legradation through stabilization fisheries sector benefits. Poverty ifexcessivefishingpressures alleviation amongst coastal .ndreduction o f destructive I communities by creation o f alternative ide-effects o f fishing practices. development opportunities. ts and Species !.1. Managing Baseline Basic management o fthe Saloum Delta mprovedbiodiversity ecosystems biosphere reservewith focus on linkages :onservation and sustainable use with fisheries management inrespective nthe Saloum Delta biosphere eserve. GEF 6.0 Comprehensive ecosystem approach mproved conservation of Alternative establishedfor three larger coastal :lobally significant coastal and target areas; Participationo f narine biodiversity; removal o f communities inbiodiversity hreats, and improvedresource management and sustainable use, ise practices by the communities participation in surveillance, nand around target areas; l.2. Strengthening [mprovedmanagement capacity o fthe the Directorate for National Parks. D f the DPN. Biodiversity Conservation Framework GEF 1.7 Restructuring o f the biodiversity Improved coordination, Alternative management framework to overcome monitoring, and governance of constraints limiting effective PA biodiversity conservation and management, reorganization and sustainable use issues in institutional strengthening o f the DPN Senegal. Role o f communities in and strengthened role o f the National co-managing PAShas legal underuinnine. Baseline Not specific. exchange permittingadaptive management. Improved scientific and technical knowledge base for 1 decision-making. Strengthenedcapacig for sub-regional coordination. Baseline GEF I 5.0 . - 108- Additional Annex 13: Ongoing Projects and Programs in the Coastal Zone of Senegal SENEGAL: Integrated Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project xtor Objective8 Activities !valuation and Knowledge o f the Collect fish samples IEZ and coastal IJune 2003/ nanagement CRODT status of fish stocks by trawling at sea ishermen September ;tudy o f Senegal Preparation o f Improve statistics illages 2006 Tisheries Sector fisheries sector collection method management plan. Evaluate fisheries I I Technology transfer to sector Senegalese Set up pilots projects counterparts Prepare management plans levelopment o f mprovement o f Improve unloading Isites: 1998-2002 3rande Cote 72,24 billion D P M M E M Taditional fish conditions in sites *ann, Yoff anding sites inloading conditions Buildconvenient Layar, fishing centers :ass Boye, Create development 3oxou Mbath, pole \Iguet Ndar Kayar fishing 470 millions Improvement o f Develop 2 fishing Cayar :omplex . traditional fish wharfs, 1 unloading conditions conditioning area and ofices Kaolack main [mprovement o ffood Improve hygiene, Kaolack 20011 Opened in fishmarket safety quality and 7 distribution o f fish products Increase the volume I o f fresh fish Lompoul JICA ID P M M E M [mprovement o f Builda landing site Lompoul 2005-2006 Fishing Center 636 292 000 traditional fish Develop 2 traditional Yens unloading conditions conditioning areas Buildpreservation, conditioning, ' stocking and marketing facilities -7 for fishing products I Traditional support to Develop coastal areas 12 sites Upto 2005 Fishing Support 5,l billion iraditional fishing Support resource (From the Petite Program in channels for a management CGteto I southern Senegal sustainable Reinforceprofessional Casamance) (PAPA-SUD) development organizations Support development o f fish products Train beneficiaries - 109- Objectiver Activities Area of Lifetime Intervention Sustainable DF1DR.U MEM Reduce poverty of Build awareness and 25 sub-Saharan Ongoing Fisheries (FAO) coastal communities train on MED countries Livelihood US$35 by improving approach Program millions livelihoods 0 Study impact of (PMEDR) policies on community MED Io Finance small projects I Narou Heuleuk FFEM Manium Preserve fish io Establish MPAs IISine-Saloum, I Ongoing resources through the Buildawareness in Rufisque, establishment o f fishermen Bargny, Mbour MPAs andpublic awareness support to UNIDO UNIDOI Economic Identify pilot sites Kayar, Yoff, 12000-2002 women US$521,000 DMP development through Provide materials and Bargny Second entrepreneurs in capacity buildingin equipment phase under for artisanal partnership fish transformation Train and teach preparation transformation with micro-enterprises reading and writing ITMACA OFCAIJapan DPMKROI: artificial reefs US$490,000 T Development of BCI MEM Thiaroye fish 483 millions landing site artisanal fisheries Development o f BCI MEF Ouakam landing M E M D P M site Improvemento f BCI MEM artisanal 835 millions transformation FCFA Buildsanitation sites works support to FAC MEMICEP Sustainable 0 Establishlocal 30 sites Ongoing sustainable and Approximatly management of the fisheries councils joint 800 millions fisheries sector 0 Support task force management in FCFA working on a system the fisheries o f fishing rights L sector Audit Senegalese registered vessels Census "pirogues" BCPH training - 110- Aetlvities -, , ,,, , , Objectives overty iovernment MEFI 3nsure sustainable Develop and rheries sector .eduction o f Senegal MEMICEP nanagement and implement fisheries trategy 29 billion .ehabilitation o f fish management plans locument FCFA 'esources Strengthen the XRP) Satisfy national capacity o f lemand for fish communities to xoducts comanage fisheries Clommercialize fish 0 Support the xoducts establishment o f local [mprove qualifications fisheries councils s f fisheries sector 0 Create and manage professionals MPAs Build commercialization infrastructures Train fisheries sector professionals Support training institutions imergency F A O B A D MEMICEP Management o f - I10 Develop and EZ and Under ecovery plan foi 787 million fishing areas for a implement a fisheries iastal area Ireparation he fisheries CFA for thc rationaluse o f management system ector preparation resources Conduct phase Feasibility study o f complementary projects or strategic studies options for the Analyze conditions sustainable for the development c development o f aquaculture fisheries and Strengthen the aquaculture management o fthe recovery plan Elaborate local environmental action plans Buildthe capacity o f institutions responsible for fisheries managemen Integrated Integrated MCPME Examine constraints 0 Ensure sustainable iisheries sector 2001-2003 Framework for Framework M P to export markets development o f the Developmen fisheries o f Foreign Tradm Support restructurini o f fisheries sector Reduce artisanal and industrial fleets Rationalize fish I product transformation - 111 - - ., ,,,, , , Objectives Activities rotection and Swiss Aid ann, Rufisque, ianagement o f 100million ayar. completed Ishresources FCFA FENAGIE 2002-2003 panish Aid MEM angue de Ongoing 'rogram arbarie Lefrigeration Spain and MEMBPSP hase I Phase I 'rogram Sovemment iaint Louis, under way of Senegal off, Yenne, i,357,855,342 lbour, FCFA iguinchor) ; hase I1 nland sites) Legional TBD WWF, lauritania, 2004-2008 Irogram for the JICN, FIBA, enegal, Zonservationo f Wetlands 'he Gambia, he Coastal and [nternational Conservation and iuinea Bissau, narine Zone in :ape Verde Vest Affica iuinea PRCM) ecotourism cultural development o f West Africa ICommunication Improve the added value of fish resources Develop ecotourism WWF Marine WWF WWF vlauritania, 2002-2005 'rogram for 1million WAMER Senegal, West Africa Euros The Gambia, 3uinea Bissau, :ape Verde ISustainable 3uinea resources Prepare regional plan -112- support fisheries joint policy for optimize national countries: preparation Program for the Commission csntrolling access and surveillance capacity Mauritania, Promotion of (CSRP) allocating fishing inmember countries Senegal, responsible rights 0Prepare and The Gambia, fisheries in 0Sustainable implement Guinea Bissau CSRP countries management o f sharec management plans for Cape Verde (PARPPRES) fisheries shared fisheries Guinea 0Conservation and Support research protectionof fish 0Integrate MPA in resources and of sustainable fisheries coastal marine strategy ecosvstems -113- B. Forestry and Conservation Sector Executing Objectives Activities Agency 'rogramme de UNDP MENP Sustainable and I iestion Intkgrke participatory NP es Ecosystkmes conservation of Ferlo lknkgalais biodiversity infour pila Gueumbeul PGIES) sites, through Saloum Delta sustainable use o f NP and ecluitable 'rojet Auto NIA MENP 1sharing Iresourcesof benefits Community based Saloum region Ongoing iromotion et sustainable jestion des management o f natural Lessources resources and poverty Jaturelles au eduction inthe Saloum h e Saloum atural region. PAGERNA) h~pportProject CIDA MENP lustainable economic lant trees on 2037 ha Coastal NIA o Farmer CDN levelopment inthe F sand dunes along the niayes 5ntrepreneurs 7 million Jiayes )ast inThiks and ,PAEP) ouga regions, to ifeguard 98 :pressions for garden irming. Projet de N / A MENP ielp rehabilitate the Plant 2037 ha of NIA Reboisement Viaye Restoration coastal sand dunes jans la zone du Jerimeter, through sand over 10 years, inthe Littoral (PRL) iune fixation. Thibs and Louga regions, to protect 98 depressions used for garden farming. Projet de Gestio NIA Sustainable Prepare sustainable Durable de la management of management plans fc Mangrove de la mangroves inthe Petite the mangroves o f the Petite CBte et di CBte and Saloum Delta Petite C8te and Delta du Saloun Saloum Delta, using an ecosystem approach Implement pilot projects to strengther capacity of local stakeholders Technology transfer Senegalese counterparts through on-the-job training. - 114- C. EnvironmentandConservationSector @PN) 0bjectiver Activiflet Y nstitutional 2ooptration Insure conservation o f Strengthen N/A iupport to the franqaise HO protected areas operational capacity hvironment Establish appropriate iector institutional framework Implementparticipatory management Zgetary Netherlands MEPN budgetary support to support kly 2003 - iupport to the 5.5 million dEPN environmental December Znvironment Euros education inprimary 2004 ,ector and secondary schools Manage forests sustainably to reduce poverty Organize waste collection inlarge cities and create two garbage dumps 1Monitor pollution in Dakar I EIA training 1 Strengthen DPN I Protect Ramsar registered wetlands Xenforcement Netherlands UICN Maintain ecological I Conduct rapid B D S 1997-2001 les MEPNDPN processesand conserve appraisal of resources :apacitCs de the biodiversity o fthe and capacity gestiondes RBDS, with local I Conduct thematic cones humides stakeholder studies and take stock :n Afrique de participation, by o f existing knowledge `Ouest promoting integrated on the RBDS management and I Implement rational use micro-projects with mechanisms. local populations D Prepare management plan for the RBDS. Projet de la GTZ DPN Manage the periphery Prepare management IPNOD and 1997-2003 PBriphCrie du o f the Park to improve plan periphery Djoudj (PPD) living conditions o f neighboring Projet Netherlands Prepare and implement PNOD and 1995-1999 quinquennal de 5-year integrated periphery Sestion IntCgrBc management plan [PQGI) I Projet Triennal Netherlands IUCN 1 2000-2002 i e Gestion 3-year integrated periphery [ntBgrCe (PTGI) management plan - 115- Donor Executing ObJectives Activities Area of Agency Intervention Leintroduction [ntemational DPN Conservation o f Spkciale Ifthe Oryx Fundfor I threatened species I Introduce Oryx dummah 1 Reserve de Faunede Gueumbeul Welfare iI (IFAW) I1 ippui9 la 1.540.000 , . IADG, ASBL (Sustainable Prepare manage plans Four rural September :estion Euros I Nature +, Imanagement o f Train stakeholders to communities 2002 - :ommunautaire ofwhich 1 WAAME, Iiangroves inthe sustainably use (Toubacouta, August 2005 les ressources 1,230,000 DPN laloum River Delta mangroves Djilor, Djirnda iaturelles des Euros Establishvillage et Bassoul) or& de from EU nurseries and nangrove dans rehabilitate a Rkserve de la mangroves 3iosphBredu Disseminate bee and lelta du Saloun oyster farming techniques Improve markets for local products (cereals, oysters, timber, fish) Projet de NC-IUCN/ WAAME ntegrated management Buildawareness NIA +habilitation et SWP Ifresourcesincoastal concerning integrated i e gestion The mdmarine wetlands resource management int6grCe des Netherlands Prepare local wetland ressources de management plans zones humides Strengthen local communautairei organizations and dans le site associations RAMSAR du t Develop ecotourism Delta du Saloun Projet Ecosolidar WAAME strengthen capacity to I Introduce improved Women o f 2003 ECOSOLIDAR (Switzerland) reducepoverty ovens to dry and Rofanguk, smoke fish, while Baoute and reducing the use o f VClingara mangrove wood fuel (Foundiougne Support women in Department, commercializing fish Fatick Region) products Etude pour une JAFTA Japan WAAME Strengthen the capacity Training workshops - [Bassoul, Mbam, May 2003 - Gestion Durabli of stakeholders to GaguC ChBrif, September de la Mangrove sustainably manage Kamatare 2004 de la Petite CBti mangrove ecosystems Bambara et du Delta du Saloum Rehabilitationc NIA WAAME BRehabilitate fragile 1997-2002 mangroves and mangrove habitats stakeholders wetlands awareness Buildawareness building on concerning birds in birds transborder wetlands - 116- Objectives Activities Area of intarventfun 'rogramme de Rkgion iPEFE-DPN rrain park guards and Develop ecotourism National Parks NIA 'ormation aux Wallonne guides Train locally recruited and periphery echniques de APEFE young park guards gestion durable ies ressources iaturelles 'Togramme de European ZOPRONAT Implement a model of support 'oponguine 1997-2000 Xveloppement Union and -Fondation protected area community-based 'efess, l e 1'Espace Fondation Nicolas management that organizations 'oponguine qaturel Keur Frangaise Hulot-DPN incorporates economic Build2 warehouses ;&ire, hpaam qicolas Hulot development Purchase small Liniabour 1, 2,5 million equipment for villages Liniabour 2, FF 1Buildtraining center. MrBo, Sorokh 1Train villagers tree Lassab, nursery and idayane, reforestation rhiafoura techniques Strengtheningo Wetlands Wetlands Improvedin-country Train decision-makers Since 1998 :apacity inWes Intemational International capacity to manage and and field staff involved 4frica for a DPN monitor wetlands and inthe management and regional water birds monitoring o f water network to birds inSenegal manage wetlands and water birds Crowned Crane Disney Wetlands Conservation o f the B Determine factors that Senegal River 2000-2003 Program Conservation [nternational Crowned Crane, affect breeding and Delta Award, ICF, and Balearicapavonina dispersion Wetlands tntemational B Prepare action plan International Crane Sam Evans Foundation and Chester zoo Conservation of Wallonie, Determine status o f IPrepare action plan Wintering areas NIA Black Stork, Wetlands Black Stork, current for the conservation oi inthe Senegal Ciconia nigra, International threats inWest Africa, the Black Stork River Delta inWest Africa Ramsar and initiate conservation measures, including awareness camDaierns Public educatioi N/A Improvepublic Prepare baseline study NIA and awareness awareness regarding thc on ecosystem program for role, services and value! awareness and public wetlands associated with education wetlands * 117 - Objectives 'rojet de IWCN CRODT Biological monitoring ilanification 44,605,000 of economically . :8tibre de la FCFA important resources Ztserve de including (shrimp, shad, 3iosphere du 28,974,000 shellfish) 3elta du for CRODT Assess the Pata 3aloumProgra Ngouss protected area nme de Suivi el Evaluate the impact of l e Recherche biological rest periods onmarine shellfish kojet d'appui Netherlands DPN trengthen capacity of Support Ministry to JIA nstitutionnelau le Ministryof work with ecteur de hvironment to analyze populations, private 'environnement ndimplement sector and the uStntgal international community to reduce industrial risks and pollutions Support the DPN to conserve 2 protected areas, by involving local populations, preserving biodiversity, and reorganizingthe institutional framework. Sestion African DPNMEPN Preservation o f 1 Train communities in NIA :ommunautaire Developmen mangroves by local to sustainably use le la mangrove Foundation communities mangrove resources le la RBDS 'Development of Train and support :WAAME, AD( socioeconomic CBOs inaquaculture :Belgique), alternatives and value adding DPN) activities D Promote environmental education - 118- D. Environment and ConservationSector (through GEFfunded micro-projects) Objectives Activities Area of Intervention - Appui aux PMF-FEM Tropical Conductparticipatory Octob2 communautCsde $1,500 Service identification of issues er 2001 base pour la (Tropis) and preparation o f formulation du activities projet de protection du PNLB Luttecontre la 'MF-FEMN ComitC mprove living Collect and transform .ayar lctober 1994 pollution des NDP Jillageois de onditions inKayar garbage and fish 'September eaux par la $25,893 Developpement refuse 1997 collecte et la Reforest village areas transformation des ordures menagkres et des dCchets halieutiques (Kay=) Projet 'MF-FEM/U Collectif December communautaire NDP Liggeyel fauna o f the regenerate ecosystem 2002 de conservation $48,204 Gueumbeul - December de la 2003 biodiversite ti la control o f the Reserve reserve speciale de Gueumbeul Projet PMF FEM/ - Entente des - Reduce eMuents Buildawareness ianuary 200: communautaire UNDP Sroupement; e Bring regarding the use o f - December de lutte contre la 3conomique populations to pesticides 2003 pollution du Lac duDiCri change their use Introduce "green" de Guiers et du o fpesticides produce Fleuve SCnCgal a Develop Train stakeholders in environmental the use o f protection biopesticides activities Projet PMF-FEMI Convention ieduce land and soil Buildcapacity to N/A d'aminagement UNDP pour la iegradation on the implement and et de mise en $48,653 Rhovation .slandof Diatt manage project valeur de l'ile de de Palmarin activities Diatt du village Manage forest areas de Palmarin Buildwater retention Ngallou basins Develop tourist circuits and sites to observe birds Management o f PMF-FEMI Structure 3se traditional Conserve biodiversity Reserve de August 266 the Soutouto UNDP d'Appui et tnowledge and stop the Strengthen local Biosphbre du - July 2003 Forest $44,832 4mhagemen lestructiono fthe sacred capacity to manage Delta du Salour pour le Soutouto Forest. natural resources Wveloppemeni (SAPAD) Develop ecotourism - 119- Objectives Activlifea :duction pf pressure 10Transfer wind turbine Lkserve de Ictober 2000 uTransfe; de UNDP SCntgalaise I tree resources inthe technology and Siosphere du - September 3Technologie $50,000 d'Energies Jserve de Biosphere knowledge )elta du Saloum 2002 .esturbines enouvelables IDelta du Saloum Train staff to oliennes au Altematives (ASERA) assemblewind 16nCgal:expCrie turbines ce pilote dans Train a Senegalese a RCservede engineer inthe 3iosphbe du Netherlands Ielta du Saloum Create credit line to sustain wind turbine micro-entreprises Reduce domestic I consumption o f wood fuel ;upport to local PMF-FEMI Tropical wnership of PNOD Conduct participatory Djoudj October 200 :ommunities to UNDP Service otection by local identification o f issues ,repare a project $1,500 (TROPIS) )"unities and preparation o f o protect the activities 'NOD ?rojectto create PMF-FEM FCdCration Conserve coastal Sinking o fwrecks to Senegalese August 2001 irtificial reefs, $50,000 SCnCgalaise biodiversity create a belt of coastline January 200 :ombat de Peche Combat marine artificial reefs along Dollution and Sportive pollution the coast maintain coastal (FSPS) Facilitate biodiversity reestablishmento f fist species Participatory PMF-FEW ComitC .educe pollution inthe - January D Buildcapacity of Hann August 200 management o f UNDP ntersectorie ,aie de Hann stakeholders pollution $26,000 de Suivi Conduct applied 2003 sources inthe (CIS) research Baie de Hann Analyze policies Sustainable PMF-FEW FClogie et Conserve critical October Management of UNDP Comit6 de biodiversity sites 2001- Biodiversity in $27,839 Plage de Sustainably Septembei Niodior Niodior management o f 2002 0;CPN) shellfish Assist regeneration o mangrove Reduce unsustainable exploitation of mangrove Improve revenues o f -120- Objectives Activities Area of Lifetime Iiiterventfon :onsewation o f Establish a code of Dionewar October 2000 management o f UNDP ComTtdde iiodiversity hot spots conduct for the - September biodiversity $21,916 Plage de indmanagemento f management o f 2002 around Dionewar 'Ishing areas resources Dionewar (FCPD) Establish an (Saloum River institutional Delta) framework 0 Clean up beaches Io Plant mangrove trees 1 [ntegrated PMF-FEW NestAfricar 3reater local capacity. * 10 Establish 1 December Management o f UNDP Association .orehabilitate experimental 1997 - Biodiversity in $27,781 for Marine nangroves and mangrove nursery and May 1999 the Mangrove hvironmenl narine areas 2 village forest lots - Ecosystemso f (WAAME) integrated ! Set up experimental I the Saloum nanagement o f oyster farm site Delta Biosphere Iiodiversity in Train local ReseNe nangrove ecosystems populations inoyster farming techniques Pollution contro PMF-FEW Association [mproving living Conduct Public Hann September inthe Baie de UNDP pour une :onditions o f awareness campaigns 1994 - Hann $16,335 Dynamique populations living Make compost from August 1997 de Progrbs next to the Baie de garbage and rubbish Economique Hann Buildpublic latrines et Sociale (ADEPS) Pollution contro PMF-FEW Comitd de Protection o f the Baie Install latrines Ngor 3ctober 1994 inthe Baie de UNDP 'ilotage et dt de Ngor against Plant Casuarina - September Ngor $5,806 gestion de la pollution Conduct public 1996 plage de awareness campaigns Ngor ieduction o f PMF-FEW Association Clear water courses Senegal River 3ctober 2000 Yalvinia molesta UNDP Diapantd infested with Salvinia Delta - June2001 nthe Senegal $50,000 Develop water plant iiver and the reduction strategy ?NOD Initiate researchon the use o fplan residues Establishmonitoring svstem Reduction of PMF-FEW Association Improve techniques 0 Employ local labor to Senegal River January 2002 Salvinia molest( UNDP Diapanti for removing water remove plants Delta - June 2002 and $50,000 plants 0 Train local populations Aeschynomene to assess infestedsites elaphroxylon in 0 Establish system to the Senegal monitor the spread o f River and the Salvinia. PNOD 0 Create local committees to control water plants 0 Financecommunity managedmicro-projects - 121 - Objectives Activiticr rojet de 'MF-FEMI sos lateau Vovember 'rbservation des UNDP nvironnemenl mtinental 2002 dgues du $50,000 (SOSE) Preservebiotopes November &&gal where algae are found 2004 Enhance the value of 'rojet de PMF-FEMI ;ends Rural almarin et ctober 2000 irotection des UNDP pour le andiong September ortues vertes et $29,059 Xveloppement 2002 le leurs habitats du Palmarin et ;iers-Monde iandiong dans (FRD) a RCserve de markedreleased 3iosphbe du Ielta du Salourr 'rojet de PMF-FEMI GIE des PNOD anuary 200: ?rotectiondu UNDP Zcogardes dc - December ?arc National $48,260 la PbriphCrL 2003 ies Oiseaux de duPNOD Djoudj (PNOD) (GEPP) Buildsmall works Buildawareness Projet de ?MF-FEMA FbdCration Vallbe c8tikre de September rbhabilitation, NDP Inter- lands dams to promote Diofior-Rho- 1998 - de conservation $41,225 villageoise agriculture Simal August 2001 et d'utilisation des Reforest salted lands des terres sakes Qrganisatioi and mangroves dans la vallCe pour le Improve rangelands c8tibre de D6veloppemen Develop garden Diofior-Rho (FIOD) farming by women -Simal Projet de PMF FEMI Coordinatio - Restoremangrove October 200C restauration de UNDP des Promote clean and Fimel-Djilor- - September l'bcosystt?mede $22,530 Association sustainable resource Simal 2002 mangrove dans pour la use techniques la zone de Restauratio Exchange experiences Fimel-Djilor- des Establishpartnership Simal Ecosystkme with local NGOs Marins (CAREM) - 122- Objectives Activities Projet PMF-FEW rain future school - October I Buildawareness by Langue de Ictober 2002 d'education iila UNDP :achers and future staff local stakeholders Barbarie preservation de $35,501 f natureclubs in 1Train teachers and 2004 la biodiversitt, wareness building students inbasic Langue de :garding basic ecology ecology in 10 primary Barbarie nd eco-citizenship schools 1 Create nature clubs and organize exchanges Projet PMF-FEW Association Lehabilitatemangrove 1 Establish inter-village 21villages in4 NIA d'extension de li UNDP 'opulaire des ndestuarine habitats committee rural regeneration $25,9 17 Volontaires 1 Train local communities in communautaire pour la populations on the Fatick and de la mangrove Rehabilitation sustainable Kaolack Regions dans les regions 4SPOVRECE management de Fatick et de techniques Kaolack 1 Buildenvironmental awareness 1 Develop and disseminate reforestation manuals inlocallanguages Projet PMF-FEMI Association demonstration August 2001 d'integration du UNDP Jardins - July2003 cocotier dans le: $50,000 d'Afrique tcosystkmes (AJA) cbtiers du Senegal Protkger le Parc PMF-FEM/ Groupement Protect, consolidate Mark the main bird PNLB January 200: National de la UNDP des and rehabilitate bird island - December Langue de $47,948 Ecogardesl nesting islands Buildenvironmental 2003 Barbarie PNLB Monitor bird awareness (PNLB) "Projet (GEPNLB) populations Train inproject de sauvegarde management de l'avifaune" Involve neighboring populations in Park management Establisha Fundto support environment and development Implement ecotourisn activities - 123- Ilonor Executing Objectives Artivittes Agency Renforcement PMF-FEW Regroupement Restaurationo f the Rehabilitate mangrove <&serve - December duprojet de UNDP des Femmes Poponguine Nature and salvage the qaturelle de 1997 - restauration et US$21,392 de Reserve lagoon 'oponguine December de conservation Poponguine 1Train women's groups 1999 de la pour la from neighboring biodiversite par Protection de villages ungroupement la Nature 1 Strengthen youth de femmes a la groups reserve naturelle 1 Promote small de Poponguine ecosystem and livestock micro-projects Restauration et PMF-FEW Regroupement Restauration and Rehabilitate mangrove Zkserve July 1994- conservation de UNDP des Femmes management o fthe and salvage the qaturelle de July 1996 la biodiversite US$ll,600 de Poponguine Nature lagoon 'oponguine par un Poponguine Reserve Train groupement de pour la femmes a la community-based Protection de organizations from reserve naturelle la Nature neighboringvillages de Poponguine (RFPPN) - 124- AdditionalAnnex 14: Issues requiringdonor coordination SENEGAL: Integrated Marineand CoastalResourcesManagement Project Key issue to be Potential Critical areas of overlap Key areas of agreement addressed donors with the project sought from donors and Government Use o f comanagement All TURFSare essential for Use o fcomanagement for as main tool for project design coastal fisheries and management o f coastal biodiversity fisheries and biodiversity Nature and scope o f Japan, EU, Reduction o f Industrial and Nature o f support, approach reconversion activities AfDB, FA0 artisanal fisheries to reach political acceptance on level o f reductionand comoensation Recommendationsof A11 Many, particularly inthe Blueprint o f changes Special Commission institutional and regulatory acceptable to Government, sphere stakeholders and donors Management plans and FAO, DFID, Allocation o f available fish Basic allocation formula; management system for Dutch, resources among artisanal, nature o f and other industrial fisheries French, EU industrial and foreign users restrictions on fishing effort How to strengthen MCS Luxembourg, Intrusion o f industrial Nature of artisanal MCS system and support its DFID, fisheries inartisanal areas activities, and coordination operations France, EU, with industrial MCS Japan operations Development o f researcf Germany, Integrationo f coastal zone Basic research agenda, agenda and specification EU, Japan, researchinto overall research funding and international o f activities o f CRODT France, FA0 agenda; subcontracting of cooperation arrangements research, funding Creation o f Trust Fund All Many Principles o foperation o fthe fund; eligible activities, projected donor support Address processing FAO, Improvingvalue added and Futuresystem of licensing overcapacity and France, product competitiveness; processing plants; active or strengthen quality contrc Spain, EU, enhance international passive attrition o f capacity; Japan marketing strategies support for quality control improvement Develop investment Japan, EU, Fisheries infrastructure and Agreement on nature o f program and funding AfDB, WB, facilities must be adjustedto future infrastructure arrangements for France, changing fishing patterns investment, and level o f fisheries related future financial support infrastructure Regional Cooperation France, EU, Many Specific activities o f regional FAO, DFID, commission, and funding o f Luxembourg its activities. Artisanal fleet DFID, Necessary for coastal zone Type o f registration, approach registration switsirland, management to reach fishermen consensus, France. FA0 regular updating o f system -125- Additional Annex 15: STAP Roster Technical Review SENEGAL: Integrated Marine and Coastal Resources Management Project PreliminarySTAP Review :SENEGAL Project Concept Document Integrated Marine and Coastal Resource Management: PO58367 1. Summaryofmainpoints The Project Concept Document sets out a comprehensive fisheries managementproject inwhich the conservation o fecosystems is seenas essential to the sustainablemanagemento f the fisheries and conservation o fbiodiversity. Key objectives of the GEF relating to the conservation andsustainableuse o f coastalhabitats andthe renewable resources they generate are incorporated into the Project Development Objective. The four mainproject components support the GEF objectives through measures designedto assist local communities to sustainably manage coastalandmarine resources, improve the management o f coastaland marineecosystems, improve the welfare o f stakeholdersand strengthen governancethrough humanresources andinstitutionalcapacity development. The GEF contributionthat is sought will fund activities that are essentialto the success of the planned improvements to the managemento f fisheries andthe managemento fprotected areas of intemational ecological importance. The GEF funding will inturnbenefit from the planned activities within the project and activities that are incorporated into other projects, such as the Long-Term Water Supply project that ere planned for the future. This will add value to the GEF contribution. The planned five-year life spanof the project is appropriateto the complex issuesaddressed andthe time required to achieve substantiveprogress relative to the investment of funds and technical expertise. Itis clear that the wise andsustainableuse ofcoastalandmarine resourcesis amajor challengeto the conservationo fbiodiversity and the longer-term economic andsocial development o f Senegal. Given the multitude o f environmental problems associatedwith coastal and nearshoremarineresources development inSenegal outlined inthe Project Concept Document (PCD), the reviewer raisedconcerns over the feasibility ofachieving the statedobjectives o f the project with the World Bank. Additional informationwas requested on how these concems are being addressed by GEF, World Bank or other donors, andhow the risks concerning the viability o f the plannedactivities would be reducedthus allowing the plannedproject to achieve its project and more global objectives. Additional information has now beenprovidedthat has helped remove most of the Reviewer's initialconcerns. There remain some points where the project documentation couldbe strengthened. These are set out inthe following more formal STAP review. Itis understoodthat the initial concems andthe additional information providedby the World Bank staffwill be attachedto the Project Documentation. Itis perhapshelpfulto explainthat, given the complexity ofthe marine andcoastal development issues inSenegal, it hasbeendifficult for the Bankstaffto provideallthe informationthat would helpina STAP review. Itis understood that the Bank staff are operating under new procedureswhere the earlier PCD has beenreplacedby a muchshorter document, which limitsthe amount o f information that can be presentedinthe form of a Project Concept Note or PCN. This brief document cannot provide all the background information necessaryto address issuesthat would ensure that the GEF would be able to fully assess the viability of a proposedproject. It is therefore suggestedthat the PCN serve as a summary o fthe proposedproject for the GEF which wouldbe accompaniedby a more full document that presents a comprehensiveexplanation o fthe logic behindthe strategic design ofthe planned activities andinformation that illustrates how the project objectives would be supported by other - 126- projects funded by the GEF, World Bank or other donors. 2. Scientific and technical soundness of the project Itis understoodthatthe fisheries catchinSenegal's watershasdeclined as aresult ofboth environmental degradationo ffisheries habitatsandover fishing. However, fish catches have stabilised andthe project is placing emphasis uponthe improvedmanagementofin-shoredemersalstocks and coastalhabitats inthree pilot sites where a significant improvement incatches, the environment, and the welfare of local communities can be achievedand then transferred to other coastalareas. Itis understood from the Bank technical staffthat the artisanal fishers who dominate this fishery are supportive o fthe integration o f community basedmanagementwhere user rights andresponsibilities for managing fishing efforts are linked to new responsibilities for helping to protect coastalhabitats. This ineffect re-establishedolder traditions ofuserrights andcommunal responsibility, andappearsto be socially andenvironmentally sound. The participative approachtaken inthe Project Concept Document is a very positive attribute and should help the achievementof the objectives o f conservingbiodiversity, promotingmore sustainable forms o f fisheries andother resourceuses, andthe successhl identificationand development o f aftemative livelihoods for local communities inthe three target areas. The design recognisesthe importance o f developing both awareness of conservation issues and active participationof communities andother localstakeholdersinthe development of effective biodiversity conservationinitiatives. The proposed development of TURFSis innovative and illustrates the sound social concepts and participatory natural resourcesmanagement features o fthe project design. The plannedprovision of a "Community Development Fund" to help create altemative livelihoods should help to broadenthe economic base of coastalcommunities and reducepressuresfrom migrant fishers ifsufficient effort is put into engagingthem and enabling themto make use of this fund. It is understood that the detailedimplementation o f this Fundis the subject of further study. The role o f the private sector inthe development and implementation of the fisheries managementand biodiversity management strategies, plansand managementmeasures couldbe further developed as a major element o fthe project design. Briefmention is made o f the "private sector" interms o fthe commercial fishery. Further emphasiscould be given inthe project design to the active participation o f important stakeholders, such as industrialfishing interests, the processors, and fishproduct exporters. Initial concemswere raisedby the reviewer over the highlevels ofpollutionentering the coastaland marineenvironment near Dakar, loss of fisheries supporthabitat inthe delta ofthe Senegalriver, and the effects o f coastalflood plainreclamation for agriculture and their cumulative impact on the sustainability o f fisheries. It is understood that the Bank funded Long-Term Water Supply Project will help to reduceindustrialanddomestic pollution and its effect on coastal systems over the next 10years. The Bank is also working withthe Government o f Senegal (GoS)to explore ways inwhich the former fisheries habitats formedby the delta and surrounding floodplains of the SenegalRiver could be rehabilitated. The success ofthe proposedproject also depends heavily uponthe effective cooperation of line agencies with the Senegal Ministryof Environment and Sanitation as the LeadAgency andthe Department o fNational Parks. Lack of cooperation and coordination among government agencies is a common problem inthe managementof coastal andmarine areas andresourcesthroughout the world. The measuresto promote stronger cooperation among agenciescouldbe further clarified andeven reinforced with respectto how cooperation and coordination will be developedand maintained. Consideration could also be given to developing a sense of partnershipbetweenthe government agencies -127- andthe private sector andother stakeholdersinsupporting the developmentofthe project. This would helpreducethe riskof poor coordination among agencies andwould helpto strengthenthe sustainability of the project outcomes. There do not appear to be any controversial aspects about the project. The project doesnot introduce incentivesthat may leadto over-harvesting ofresourcesandcontains measures, such as the TURFS,that are specifically designedto stimulate community basedsupport for the improved conservation o fhabitats and the sustainableuse of renewableresources. The project designanticipatesthe needto deal with migrantfishers who might conflict with fishers operating under TURF arrangements.This could be strengthenedby makingit more clear how any adverse effects on fishers and other natural resourcesdependent stakeholders resulting from any conservation measuresproposedmight be dealt WiWcompensatedfor. The same issue may affect tourism developersand other private sector interests. The project does addressesweaknesses inthe enforcemento fexisting national laws andregulations. It would be helpfulto have further explanation o fhow the measures proposedwould helpto ensure better use of these legalinstruments. The legal instrument aspectswith respectto international conventions, treaties andprotocols could be more clearly spelt out inthe Project Brief. 2.I Identification of global environmentalbenefits The sectionon the Global Development Objective directly addressesthe goals o f the GEF Operational Programmeno. 2. The Project design aims to strengthenmeasuresbeingimplementedby the Government o f Senegal to reducethe impact o f coastaldevelopment and over-exploitation o fnatural resources. The project also seeks to strengthenthe managementofthe national parksystemthrough institutional developmentandhumancapacity building. A key point inthe project rationale is that movement of peopletowards the coast insearcho f economic opportunities through entry into the artisanal fishery poses a threat to many protected areas andparks. Therefore, action to enhance community based managementand protection ofcoastalhabitats will helpto support the conservation of biodiversity and the environmental services that help to sustain fish stocks as well as staging and feeding areas for migratory birds. The global benefitsfor the conservation o fbiodiversitythat will result from the planned interventions are primarily related to the improvedmanagement of the demersalfishing grounds and the protected areas andparks inthe three target sites. It is intendedthat there will be corresponding benefits to other coastal ecosystems through the expansion o f the TURF system. Giventhese integratedsocial andenvironmental measures, the prsject fits well within the context ofthe global goals o f GEF. 2.2 Regional Context The project addressesissuesofimportance to biological diversity conservation within the surrounding regionby focusing on sites that are representative of other parts o f the West Africa and contribute to the overall biodiversity o fthe region. Itwould behelpllto linkthe conservation of the three target TURF sites with benefits to other ecosystems andnaturalresourcesof the coastal zone. It would also be helpfulifthe project design incorporated measuresto examine the potential for establishing managementlinks with other countries where there may be a trans-boundary effect and the measures adoptedinSenegal could be extendedto -128- the wider coastalregiono f this part o fWest Africa. Conversely, it would be beneficial to explore ways inwhich improvedmanagementofwatersheds inothercountriescouldenhance/addvalue tothe effect o fthe biological diversity conservationand improved fishery measuresproposedfor Senegal. 2.3 Replicabilityof theproject There is good scope for the replication of the planned activities inother parts o f Senegal and potentially inotherAfrican countriesbasedonthe experiencegainedandlessonslearnedduringthe lifeofthe project. Inthis context, it wouldbeuseful to give more emphasisto the exchangeof informationand experiencegained through the project with other countries inthe region. Perhaps the UNEP supported Action Plans for the marine andcoastal areas of Africa might offer a vehicle for broader communication andsharing ofresults 2.4 Sustainabilityof theproject There appears to be good potential for continuation of the changes the project aims to introduce as the project design incorporates measuresfor both localparticipationand for humanresourcesdevelopment and institutionalstrengtheningthat complement the Government'spolicies andmanagementpriorities. 3. Secondaryissues 3.1 Linkage to otherfocal areas The project design appears to be consistentwith the statedoperational strategiesofthe other GEF, Bank and other donor focal areas, andavoids negative impacts infocal areas outside ofthe project. The proposedproject activities appear feasible and cost-effective, and should contribute to global environmental benefits inother focal areas andinthe cross-sectoralarea o f coastalland and water management. Although it is understood that there are constraintson the length of PCNdocumentproducedfor review o fthe project within the Bank, it is very important to illustrate the complexity o fthe environmental and fishery managementissuesaffecting the coastal and marine systems inSenegal. Itis equally important to make explicit the strategicthinkingbehindthe focus on the improvedmanagemento fthe in-shore demersalstocks through the allocation o f user rights to communities. This is brought out inthe m e r documentation supplied at the reviewer's requestand a way should be found to ensure this is incorporated into the PCNandthe more full project proposal for the GEF. Also be important to illustrate the linkages to other focal areas, such as the Long-Term water Supply project. 3.2 Linkage to other programmesand actionplans at the regional or sub-regional level The project should illustrate how it will builduponpast, ongoing andprospective GEF activities. The project design couldbe strengthenedby makingmore explicit mentiono f how the planned activities would be coordinated with work of other GEF projects andtheir respectiveImplementingAgencies and other bodies. This should include how linkswould be establishedwith relevant ongoing regional or sub-regional programs and action plans. -129- 3.3 Other beneficial environmentaleffects The project seeks to improve the managementofcoastalandmarine ecosystems of importance to more thanone sector ofthe Senegaleconomy. The plannedmeasuresshouldhelpreduceconflicts among agenciesand economic entities seeking to maximisetheir respectiveuse ofthe coastalandmarine resourcesbase. Improvedmanagementof the three target sites should yield other ecosystemservices and social andeconomicbenefitsto local communities andthose inthe wider region. Itwouldbe helpful to indicate how these couldbenefit other sectoralagencies whose cooperation is important to the successfulimplementation of the planned activities 3.4 Degree of involvementof stakeholders in theproject Stakeholder involvement is incorporated as part ofthe "participative" nature of the plannedactivities. This addresses GEF emphasis on the development of activities to promote community-based management of biodiversity. Givinggreater emphasis to the role ofthe private sector, specifically commercidindustrial fisheries could strengthenthe project design as mentioned above. The project could also elaborateon the planneduse of concepts suchas the co-management of resources. 3.5 Capacity building aspects The additional supporting documentationprovidedat the requestofthe reviewer gives a clear exposition ofmeasures to strengthenawareness and basic expertise to support biological diversity conservation. For example, the creation ofthe Cap Vert MarineBiosphere Reserveis intendedto enhance peoples' awarenessof the negative environmental and economic effects of pollution, the measures designedto enhance capacity to managethe national park system at a national govemment andcommunity level are also important features of the project. However, the project design would benefit from further clarification of the measuresto promote andmaintaincooperation between the various groups of stakeholders, andtransparent mechanismsto ensure the active participation o f relevant stakeholdersin the development, implementation andmonitoring of project activities. Peter Burbridge December 17th, 2003 - 130- Responseto the STAP Review SENEGAL Integrated Marineand Coastal Resource Management: PO58367 Most o fthe issues raised inthe preliminary review were addressedthrough a note preparedby the Task Team, which is attachedto this Annex. Nonetheless,inhis formal review the reviewer underlines some points where the Project documentation couldbe strengthened. Below is a list of these points (inbold), followed by the Task Team's response. 1. Summary ofmain points Itis therefore suggestedthat the PCNserve as a summary ofthe proposedprojectfor the GEF which would be accompaniedby a more full documentthat presents a comprehensiveexplanation of the logic behind the strategic design ofthe planned activities and informationthat illustrates how the project objectiveswould be supportedby other projects funded by the GEF, World Bank or other donors. The strategicbackgroundto the Project is already very extensiveanddetailed for a PCD. As suggested itwillbe strengthenedby incorporating into the PADthe informationprovidedbythe Task Teamat the reviewer's requestprior to Council submission. This will be done duringProject preparation. The PAD will also be strengthenedinlightof the findings o fthe studies fundedthrough the PDF B grant, as well as a set of studiesbeingfunded through a PHRD grant. Furthermore, it is importantto note that the Project goes handinhandwith a Fisheries ESW currently beingfinalized. 2. Scientificand technical soundness ofthe project The role of the private sector in the developmentand implementationof the fisheriesmanagement and biodiversity management strategies, plansand managementmeasurescould be further developedas a major elementof the project design. Brief mention is made of the "private sector" interms ofthe commercial fishery. Further emphasiscouldbe giveninthe project designto the active participation of important stakeholders, such as industrial fishing interests, the processors, and fish product exporters. Ongoing preparation work will m e r promote active stakeholderinvolvement inProject design and implementation. However, the Project's SteeringCommittee that is already operational includes one representativeeach from industrialfisheries and from artisanal fisheries, out o f 15 members. There is also one representativefrom intemational environmental NGOs, and another from local environmental NGOs. The Scientific andtechnical Committees includes representativesfiom processorsandfish product exporters. Regarding industrialfisheries, it should be noted that implementation ofthe Project is expectedto facilitate a gradual reductioninthe presenceof industrial vessels inSenegalese waters, except for deep demersalsand large pelagics. This is seen as a desirableimpact inthe above-mentioned FisheriesESW. Incontrast, the roleofartisanal fisheries shouldcontinue to grow becauseoftheir greaterefficiency. Participation of industrial fishery concerns inthe Project would focus on facilitating this gradual decreaseandon identifying which fisheries they would continue to exploit. The success of the proposedproject also depends heavily upon the effective cooperation of line agencieswith the SenegalMinistryof Environment and Sanitation as the Lead Agency and the -131 - Department ofNationalParks. Lack of cooperationand coordination amonggovernment agencies i s a commonproblem in the managementof coastaland marine areas and resourcesthroughout the world. The measures to promote stronger cooperationamong agencies couldbe further clarified and even reinforced with respectto how cooperationand coordination will be developed and maintained. Considerationcould also be givento developinga sense of partnership between the government agencies and the private sector and other stakeholdersinsupportingthe developmentof the project. This would help reduce the risk of poor coordination among agencies and would help to strengthenthe sustainabilityof the project outcomes. The Department ofnational Parksis part ofthe Ministry ofEnvironment and Sanitation and coordination betweenthese two bodies should not be an issue. More broadly and as mentioned above, the key coordinating bodies at the national level are the Steering Committee andthe Scientific andTechnical Committee (Pages 26-27 ofthe PCD), which include representation from the private sector. The Project Coordination Unitwill ensure that the Project SteeringCommittee andthe Scientific and Technical Committee remainoperational throughout Project implementation, by providing them with the necessarysecretarial andtechnical support. The performance ofthe SteeringCommittee largely depends on the extent o fpoliticalcommitment. The Task Teamhas noted a very highlevel o f commitment, which reflects the broad perception that the fisheries crisis requires immediate attention. The key coordinating bodies at the level ofthe three pilot areasare the Area ManagementCommittees describedon Page 21. The detailedcomposition andthe TORSo fthese committeeswill be finalized duringProject preparation. The project design anticipatesthe needto deal with migrant fisherswho might conflict with fishers operating under TURF arrangements. This could be strengthenedby making it more clear how any adverse effects on fishersand other natural resourcesdependentstakeholdersresulting from any conservationmeasuresproposedmight be dealt withhompensated for. The same issuemay affect tourism developersand other private sector interests. Bankpolicy requiresthat anexplicit mitigationplanbe includedinthe Projectto addressany adverse impacts on populations affected by the Project. Such a planwill result from the Environmental and Social Assessment currently under way, andwill be incorporated into the Project prior to appraisal. The project does addressesweaknessesinthe enforcement of existingnational laws and regulations. It would be helpful to have further explanation of how the measures proposedwould help to ensurebetter use of these legal instruments. The legal instrument aspectswith respectto international conventions,treaties and protocolscould be more clearly spelt out inthe Project Brief. Enforcement of existing laws andregulations is certainly a problem inSenegal. However, the PCD identifies the needfor changes inthe legal andregulatory instruments. Inthe case o f fisheries, the main issue is the recognition o f comanagementinvolving artisanal fishermen. Inthe case ofbiodiversity, Component 2.2 includes the preparation o f a Biodiversity and ProtectedArea Law that would incorporate obligations deriving from international conventions, treaties andprotocols. Regional Context Itwould behelpfulto linkthe conservationofthe three target TURF siteswith benefitsto other ecosystemsand natural resources ofthe coastalzone. It would also be helpful ifthe project design - 132- incorporated measuresto examinethe potential for establishingmanagementlinkswith other countries where there may be a trans-boundary effect and the measures adoptedinSenegalcould be extendedto the wider coastalregion of this part of West Africa. Conversely, it would be beneficialto exploreways in which improved management of watershedsinother countries could enhameladd value to the effect of the biologicaldiversity conservationand improved fishery measuresproposedfor Senegal. Senegalis a member o fthe Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission for West Africa, which could serve as a platform for Senegalto share experienceswith its neighbors. Furthermore, the Government o f Senegal hasexpressedaninterestinbroadeningthe mandateto bringgreaterfocus onthe integrated managementof coastal andmarineresources. The task team will ensure that appropriate measures are included inthe replication plan. Replicabilityof theproject There is good scope for the replication ofthe planned activitiesin other parts of Senegaland potentially inother African countriesbasedon the experience gained and lessons learned during the life ofthe project. Inthis context, it would be usefulto give more emphasis to the exchange of informationand experiencegainedthrough the project with other countriesin the region. Perhaps the UNEP supportedAction Plans for the marine and coastalareas of Africa might offer a vehicle for broader communicationand sharing of results. The UNEP Large ScaleMarine Ecosystem Project for the Canary Current is one o f several coordination platforms available. Also very important is the above mentioned Sub-Regional Fisheries andthe Afican Initiative in the context of NEPAD. 3. Secondary Issues Although it is understoodthat there are constraintson the length of PCNdocument produced for review of the project withinthe Bank, it is very important to illustrate the complexity of the environmental and fishery managementissues affecting the coastaland marine systems in Senegal. It is equally important to make explicit the strategicthinking behind the focus on the improved management ofthe in-shore demersal stocksthrough the allocationof user rights to communities. Thisis brought out inthe further documentationsuppliedat the reviewer's requestand a way should be found to ensurethis is incorporated into the PCNand the more fullprojectproposal for the GEF. Also be important to illustrate the linkagesto other focal areas, such as the Long-Term water Supply project. As mentionedabove, the PAD will incorporate the Task Team's responseto the initial comments of the reviewer andbenefit from the results on ongoing studies. Linkage to otherprogrammes and actionplans at theregional or sub-regional level The projectshouldillustrate how it will buildupon past, ongoingand prospectiveGEF activities. The project designcould be strengthenedby making more explicit mention of how the planned activitieswould be coordinated with work of other GEF projectsand their respective Implementing Agencies and other bodies. This shouldinclude how links would be establishedwith relevant ongoingregional or sub-regional programs and actionplans. The PCD has beenrevisedandnow mention linkages to the Programmede Gestion Intbgrbe des Ecosyst&mesdu Sbnbgal(PGIES), as well as the SenegalRiver BasinProject. -133- Other beneficial environmental effects The project seeks to improve the managementof coastaland marine ecosystems of importance to more than one sector of the Senegal economy. The planned measures shouldhelp reduceconflicts among agencies and economic entitiesseeking to maximisetheir respectiveuse ofthe coastaland marine resources base. Improved managementof the three target sites shouldyield other ecosystemservices and socialand economic benefitsto localcommunitiesand those inthe wider region. It would be helpfulto indicate how these couldbenefit other sectoralagencies whose cooperationis important to the successfulimplementation of the planned activities. This is an interesting point andit will befurther addressedinthe PAD. Degree of involvementof stakeholdersin theproject Stakeholder involvement is incorporated as part of the "participative" nature of the planned activities. This addresses GEF emphasis on the developmentof activitiesto promote community-based management of biodiversity. Giving greater emphasisto the role of the private sector, specificallycommerciaVindustria1fisheriescould strengthenthe project design as mentioned above. The project could also elaborate on the planned use of conceptssuch as the co-management of resources. IndustriaYcommercial fisheries are already included taken into account by the inclusion of representativeson the Project Committee. Inthe fisheries context, the use ofcomanagementis explained onPage 14andon Page 18-19). Inthe biodiversity context, comanagementwould translate into officializing the role of local stakeholders in managementcommittees, most particularly duringthe preparation and implementation of management plans. Ongoingstudies will providefurther informationthat will be incorporated inthe PADprior to appraisal. Capacity building aspects The additional supporting documentation provided at the requestofthe reviewer gives a clear expositionof measuresto strengthen awareness and basic expertise to support biological diversity conservation. For example, the creation ofthe Cap Vert Marine BiosphereReserveis intended to enhancepeoples' awarenessofthe negativeenvironmental and economiceffects of pollution, the measures designedto enhancecapacity to manage the national park system at a national government and community level are also important features of the project. However, the project designwould benefit from further clarification of the measures to promote and maintain cooperationbetweenthe various groups of stakeholders,and transparent mechanismsto ensure the activeparticipation of relevant stakeholdersinthe development, implementation and monitoring of project activities. A participation planwill be developedpriorto Project appraisalandincludedinto the PAD. -134- Additional Annex 16: Letterof Sector Policy SENEGAL: integratedMarine and Coastal ResourcesManagementProject RCpubliquedu SCnCgal Ministke de 1'Environnement Ministh-e de 1'Economie Maritime et de la Protection de la Nature Lettre depolitique De gestion intkgre`edes ressources marines et c8ti2res Juillet 2004 - 135- Contexte L e Sknkgal, dam le souci de mettre en auvre la Convention des Nations Unies sur la Diversitk Biologique, ratifite le 17 octobre 1994et mise en vigueur le 15janvier 1995,a pris l'initiative dks 1997 d'un Projet de (( Gestion de la biodiversitk marine et cbtikre (PGBMC))) avec l'appui de la Banque Mondiale, g r k e a une subvention du Fonds pour 1'Environnement Mondial (FEM). Enoutre, le Sknkgal s'est engagk depuis novembre 2000 dans l'klaboration d'une stratkgie d'amknagement et de gestion durable des pCches et de l'aquaculture, ainsi que dans la dkfmition d'un cadre intkgrk d'assistance au commerce extkrieur du Sknkgal. Le Programme GIRMaC rksulte de la volontk de 1'Etat du Sknkgal d'intkgrer et de coordonner ces actions et de faire face aux insuffisances des politiques sectorielles. Place sous la co-tutelle technique respective du Ministkre de 1'Environnement et de la Protection de la Nature (MEPN) et duMinistkre de 1'Economie Maritime (MEM) le programme GIRMaC a pour objectif global ((d'appuyer le Gouvemement du Sknkgal et les communautks locales dans la gestion durable des ressources marines et cbtikres. Cette gestion durable implique une exploitation responsable des ressources, notamment halieutiques, combinke A la protection des kcosystkmes et des processus kcologiques critiques pour le renouvellement des ressources. Cet objectif s'inscrit parfaitement dans la vision duPrksident de la Rkpublique dkclinke lors du Sommet Mondial de Johannesburg sur le Dkveloppement Durable et lors du 5kme Congrbs Mondial de Durbansur les Parcs. L e programme GIRMaC vise une intkgration des principes dudkveloppement durable dans la gestion des resources marines et c6tikres. Les impacts gknkraux attendus de la mise en oeuvre duprogramme sur l'tconomie et l'environnement dupays concement: J Larkductionde lapauvretk despersonnes dkpendantes desressourcesmarines et c6tikres, conformkment aux orientations stratbgiques duDSRP; J Larkduction de ladkgradation desressourceshalieutiquestelle que viske dans lapolitique de dkveloppement durable des pCches; J Laconservationdeshabitatscritiques pour lemaintien desressources, en conformitk avec lapolitique environnementale du Sknkgal et avec les Conventions pertinentes. Auplandes contraintes et menaces multi-sectorielles, ce programme vise a fake face, pour le moyen et long termes: J A lacrise environnementale, sociale et kconomique grave quifrappe lapCcheet quicompromet la survie des communautks littorales, provoquant l'accentuation de la pauvretk dam les zones c6tibres oh se concentrent plus de la moitik des populations et l'essentiel des activitks kconomiques dupays (tourisme, pCche, industries, maraichage, etc); J A l'augmentation desrisquesbio-kcologiques, sociaux etenvironnementaux quifont craindreun appauvrissement des kcosystkmes marins et catiers, et de la biodiversitk, a unpoint tel qu'ils ne puissent supporter une exploitation durable des ressources de la biodiversie. Par ailleurs, l'absence de plans de gestion opkrationnels des activitks du littoral axks sur la conservation de la biodiversitk et l'utilisation durable des ressources halieutiques et le manque de concertation entre les parties prenantes exacerbent les problkmes et sapent les bases de la viabilitk et de durabilitk des activitks sociodconomiques de la zone marine et cbtikre. Strategies et actions visees L a gestion intkgrke des ressources marines et c6tikre est sous tendue par trois considkrations stratkgiques: (i)ApprocheProgramme. LapolitiquedeGIRMaCs'inscrit dansuneapprocheprogrammemulti-bailleurs -136- de fonds visant 6 rkpondre a la crise actuelle des ressourcesmarines et cbtikres. I1associera diffkrents bailleurs de fonds autour d'objectifs communs et d`une synergie d'action, notamment la Banque Mondiale, la FAO, la BanqueAfricaine de Dkveloppement (BAD), 1'Agence Franqaisede Dkveloppement (AFD), la Cooperation Franqaise(SCAC) et la JICA (Japon). (ii)Promotion de la cogestion dans la gestion despkheries artisanales. La Cogestion est une action de gestion qui implique le partagedes responsabilitkset des compktences, sur les ressources, entre le Gouvernementet les usagers. Ellerepose sur unaccord forme1nkgocik entre les partenaireset dont le rksultat est unplande gestion qui stipule des objectifs, les droits et responsabilitks des partenaires. La cogestion est aussiunprocessuspar lequel unpartenariat dynamiqueest ktabli soit avec la communautk soit avec les parties intkresskesen utilisant les capacitks et les intkrdts des pdcheurs locaux et de la communautk. I1faut kgalementy ajouter la capacitk de l'ktat a fournir une lkgislationperformante, s'assurer de son application et kgalement a fournir diffkrents types d'assistance. (iii) Approche kcosyst6me. L'originalitk duprojet est l'articulation entre l'approche kcosystkmeproposkepar la FA0pour la et l'approche kcosystkmeproposkepar le FEMpour labiodiversitk. La politique de GIFWaC repose sur une mise en oeuvre concertke de mesuresde gestion des ressources marines et cbtibres par les acteursde la pdcheet de la conservation dans les zones d'intervention. L a remise en ktat des pdcheriesnationalesimplique forcement larkhabilitationet conservation des habitatset des esptces menacbespar la gestion (( kcosystkmique)) B l'intkrieur et autour des airesprotkgkes et des zones de pdche. Damle mdme ordre d'idke, la conservationdes habitats et de la biodiversitk, notamment par la creation d'aires protkgkes, doit prendreen considkration les questions sociales et Cconomiques qui fondent les activitks de pEche. Enmatitre sociale, unsystkmede microfinancement pour l'assistance a lareconversion des pdcheurset pour la mise en aeuvre de solutions alternatives a la pratique de la pdche artisanaleest en cours de miseen place dans le cadre duprogramme GIFWaC. UnFonds de Dkveloppement Communautaire pour les communautes de pdcheseramis en place dans le cadre d`un partenariatavec 1'Agence duFonds de Dkveloppement Social (AFDS). Pour appuyer ces principes d'action, ilappartiendraa 1'Etat de dtfinir uncadre institutionnel, juridique et rkglementaire performant pour permettre auProgramme de contribuer positivement i)a la restaurationdu patrimoine nature1du Sknkgal et a la conservation des kcosystkmesimportants pour la sauvegarde de l'environnement mondial et, ii) la gestion durable des pdcheriespour unrenouvellement des ressources a halieutiques. L a complexitk des problkmatiques likes aux ressourcesmarineset cbtikres et lamultitude des acteurs, des secteurs et des structures impliquks exige uncadre partenarial trks large et diversifit susceptible de crker une synergie autour de lamiseen w v r e des Conventions et instruments internationaux pertinents: J Auniveaunational, lapolitique de GIRMaC s'appuie sur laparticipationde tous les partenairesa la miseen aeuvre, au suivi et l'kvaluation des plans d'amknagementet de gestion des airesprotkgkeset a des pdcheriesprkvue par le programme GIRMaC ainsi que d'autres projets nationaux; J Au niveausous rkgional, la Commission Sous Rkgionale des Pdches (CSRP) a klabork et adoptk plusieurs instrumentsjuridiques destinks harmoniser certains aspects des politiques de pdche des Etats. Uneplace importante vient d'dtre donnke aux questionsenvironnementaleslikes A la gestion des pdches dans unrkcent pland'action stratkgique. Sur les directives du Prksident de la Rkpublique, le Sknkgal va initier trks prochainement l'organisation d'une Confkrence sous rkgionale des Ministres chargks de 1'Environnement et des Pdchespourjeter les bases d'une stratkgiea long terme de gestion intkgrke des ressourcesmarines et c8titres. Leprojet de stratkgie sous-rkgionale, qui s'inscrira dans le cadre d'opkrationnalisation duPlan d'Action Environnemental du Nouveau Partenariatpour le Dkveloppement en Afrique (NEPAD), permettra de dkvelopper une vision commune et intkgrke de la mer et de ses ressources pour impulser le dkveloppement durable des zones marines - 137 - et c6ti6res et la satisfaction des besoinset aspirations des communautkslittorales. Mesures et engagements politiques Toutes les mesures institutionnelles nkcessairesau renforcement duprocessus de pilotage de la mise enplace d'une politique de GIRMaC, seront prises par 1'Etat. Ence sens, pour le secteur de la pbche, le Gouvemement a crkk la Commission Spkciale de restructuration du secteur de la pbche. La miseen oxvre des mesures d'urgence h formuler par cette commission est dkterminante pour l'atteinte des objectifs de gestion durable des pdchesduprogramme GIRMaC. Eneffet, dam le contexte politique national de dkcentralisation et de gouvemancelocale, le Ministkre de 1'EconomieMaritimea exprimk sa volontk d'accompagner et de favoriser les initiatives de cogestion. Dansce cadre, la pleine responsabilisationdes communautksde pbcheurs et la mise en place des conseilslocaux des pgches maritimesdans les zones d'intervention duprojet feront l'objet de dispositions techniques h prendrepar le Ministkre de 1'Economie Maritimepour la cogestion locale des ressourceshalieutiques. Ence quiconcemelabiodiversitk, le Gouvemementklaboreraune loi-cadre de conservationde labiodiversitk et des aires protkgkescouvrant la rkforme du systkme de gestion des aires protkgkes, la miseen place des organesnationaux de coordination et les modalitks de crkation et de gestion des fonds fiduciaires. Conclusion L a gestion durable des ressources marineset c6tibres, y compris la diversitk biologique, constitue une trks hauteprioritk pour le Gouvemement du Sknkgal. Les enjeux de la gestion intkgrke se posent kgalement au niveausous-rkgional, voire ouest africain. Enconskquence, nous rkaffirmons notre volontk de tout mettre en aeuvrepour labonne exkcution duprogramme mais kgalementpour assurer la durabilitk dla fois kcologique, kconomique et sociale des rksultats attendusau cows des cinq prochaines annkes. - 138- Letter of Policy Integrated Marine and Coastal ResourcesManagement (non-officialtranslation) Context Senegal, as part o fits efforts to implement the Unitednations Convention on Biological Diversity (ratified on 17 October 1994, andimplemented on 15 January 1995), initiated in 1997 the preparation o f the Marine andCoastal Biodiversity ManagementProject with the technical support of the World Bankandthe financial supportofthe GlobalEnvironment Facility (GEF). Furthermore, Senegalhas since November 2000 embarkedonthe preparation o f a strategy for the development and sustainable management offisheries and aquaculture, and has defined an Integrated Framework for Trade Development. The IntegratedMarine and Coastal ResourceManagement (GIRMaC) Program results from the wish to integrate andcoordinate these initiatives and to overcome the inadequaciesof sectoral policies. The Program is placed underthejoint oversight of the Ministry o f EnvironmentandNature Protection andthe Ministry o fMaritimeEconomy, with the overall objective to assistthe Government o f Senegaland local communities inthe managementof marine andcoastalresources. Such sustainable managementrequires that resources, most particularly fish resources,be responsibly managedand that ecosystems andcritical ecological processesbe protected to ensure replenishment of the resources. This objective perfectly matchesthe vision expressed by the Presidentof the Republic duringthe World Summit on SustainableDevelopmentheldinJohannesburg, as well asthe 5thWorld Congress on Parks heldinDurban. The Program seeks to integratethe principles of sustainabledevelopment into the management of marine and coastalresources. The overall expectedimpacts o fthe program on the country's economy andits environment are: 0 A reduction inthe level ofpoverty ofpeople dependent on marineandcoastalresources, as instructed by the strategic orientations o f the PRSP. 0 A reduction inthe degradation of fish resources, as targetedby the policy for sustainable fisheries development. 0 The conservation of habitats critical for the replenishment ofmarineandcoastalresources, inlinewithSenegal's environmental policy andrelevantinternationalconventions. The Program addresses severalmediumand long-term cross-sectoral barriers andthreats, including: 0 The major environmental, social andeconomic crisis that affects fisheries andthat threatens the survival o f coastal communities, increasespoverty incoastal areas where over half of the populationandmost o fthe economic activities o f the country (tourism, fisheries, industries, horticulture) are concentrated. 0 Increasedbio-ecological, social and environmental risks that could leadto a degradation o f marineandcoastalecosystemsandits biodiversity, andultimately render impossible their sustainableuse. Furthermore, the lack o f an operational managementplanfor coastalactivities that is basedon biodiversity conservation andthe sustainable use o f fish resources, as well as the absence of dialogue between stakeholders,have aggravatedthe problems andundermined the viability and sustainability o f socioeconomic activities inmarine and coastal areas. -139 - Strategy and work plan Three strategic considerationsunderpinthe proposedintegratedmanagemento f marine and coastal resources: 1. Programmatic approach. The Program's policy is that the Project is part ofa multi-donor programmatic response to the current marine andcoastalresourcescrisis. The program will mobilize various donors around a common agenda andjoint actions, including the World Bank, FAO, the African Development Bank, the FrenchDevelopment Agency (AFD), andJICA (Japan). 2. Thepromotion of comanagementin artisanalfisheries. Comanagementimplies a sharing of responsibilities andcompetencebetween Government andstakeholders. Itrelies on formal agreementsnegotiated betweenthe partners, resultingina comanagementplanthat spells out the objectives, rights andresponsibilities of eachparty. Comanagementis also a process of dynamic partnershipthat leveragesthe capacitiesandconcernsof local fishers andcommunities. Inaddition, Government must provide an appropriate legal framework, ensure its application andprovide various forms of support. 3. Ecosystem approach. The Project innovatesbythe mannerinwhichit links the ecosystemapproach proposedby FA0 for fisheries managementwith the ecosystemapproachproposed for biodiversity by the GEF. The Program's policy rests on the joint implementation by environment and fisheries stakeholderso f measures to managemarineand coastalresourcesintarget areas. The country's fisheries will only rebound ifthreatenedhabitatsand species are rehabilitated by ecosystem managementwithin andaroundprotected areas andfishing areas. Similarly, the conservation of habitats andbiodiversity, most particularlythe creation of protected areas, musttake into account the social and economic factors that underpinfishing activities. Inregardsto social issues, amicrofinance systemis beingimplementedthrough the Program,to support the reconversiono ffishers andto implement alternativessolutions to fishing. A Community Development Fundfor fisher communities will be set up, througha partnership between the Program and the Social Investment Fund(Agence duFonds de DCveloppementSocial: AFDS) The state will define an institutional, legaland regulatory framework to support these orientations and allow the project to have a positive impact: on: (i) restoration o f Senegal's natural heritage andthe the conservationo f ecosystemscriticalto the global environment, (ii) sustainablemanagement of the fisheries to replenishfish resources. The complexity o f the issues pertainingto marine and coastal resourcesandthe large numbero f stakeholders, sectors andinstitutions involved demandsthe establishmento f a broad and diverse partnershipthat can create a synergy basedon the implementation o f relevant conventions andother international instruments: 0 At the national level, the GIRMaC policy will rely onthe participationof all partners to implement,monitor andevaluatethe managementplansfor protectedareas andspecific fisheries included inthe project and inother relevant projects. 0 At the sub-regional level, the Sub-Regional FisheriesCommission(CSRP inFrench) has preparedand adopted a range of legal instrumentsto harmonize various aspectso f fisheries policies. Its most recent strategic action plan gives great importance to the environmental issues that are tied to fisheries management. The Presidentofthe Republic has given instructions that Senegalorganize a sub-regional conference of the ministers responsiblefor the environment andfor fisheries, to start defininga long-term strategy for the integratedmanagementof marine and coastalresources. The draR sub-regional strategy would, as partofthe implementation ofNEPAD's Environmental Action Plan, allow the development ofajoint integratedvision o f the sea and its resources, to drive the sustainable development o f marine and coastal -140 - areas and to satisfy the needs and expectations o f costal communities. MeasuresProposedandPoliticalCommitment The State will take all the institutional measures required to strengthen the governance required to implement an integrated marine and coastal resource management policy. For the fisheries sector, the Government has created the Special Commission for the restructuring o f the fisheries sector. The implementation o f the emergency measuresto be defined by this Commission is critical for the achievement of the Program's objective o f sustainable fisheries management. Actually, the Ministry o f Maritime Economy has indicated its intention to support andpromote comanagement initiatives, inthe context o f the national decentralizationpolicy. Thus, the Ministry will implement technical measures for the local comanagement o f fish resources, including giving 111responsibility to fisher committees andestablishing local artisanal fisheries councils. Regarding biodiversity, the Government will prepare a framework law for biodiversity and protected areas that will cover the management o f protected areas, the establishment o f national coordination bodies, and the procedures for the creation andmanagement o f conservation trust funds. Conclusion The Government o f Senegal considers the sustainable management o f marine andcoastal resources, including biodiversity, a very highpriority. The challenges o f integrated management are equally at stake at the sub-regional and even Africa levels. As a consequence, we reaffirm our will to do everything possible for the successful implementation of the Program, as well as to ensure the ecological, economic andsocial sustainability o f the results expected during the nest five years. - 141 - MAP SECTION