E2124 VOL.1 IPUBLICENTERPRISE REVISED iROADS OF SERBIA Corridor X Highway Project Preliminary Design for E-75 Highway NIS -border of FYRM Section: Grabovnica-border of FYRM CORRIDOR LEVEL EIA REPORT F I N A L May 2009 SERBIA Corridor X Highway Project: Corridor E-75 Corridor-Level Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Plan CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ I 1.1 Purpose of Report .................................................................................................... I 1.2 Project Background ............................................................................................... ..2 1.3 Previous Environmental Studies .............................................................................. 2 1.4 .Structure of Report................................................................................................... 3 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...............................................5 2.1 Relevant Institutions ................................................................................................. 5 2.1.1 Government Organizations .................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Non-Government Organizations .......................................................................... 5 2.2 Environmental Laws and Regulations.....................................................................5 2.2.1 Existing Serbian legislation .................................................................................... 5 2.2.2 Other relevant Serbian legislation.......................................................................... 6 2.2.3 Relevant World Bank policy ................................................................................... 6 2.2.4 Existing EU legislation............................................................................... ;..........6 2.3 Environmental Conventions .................................. .. .........................................7 2.4 Planning framework................... .... ...................................................................... 7 2.5 Main steps of national procedure on EIA in the Republic of Serbia.................. 8 .... 2.6 Land acquisition and Resettlement Policy Framework: .......................................... 8 2.6.1 Republic of Serbia Expropriation Law................................................................. 9 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION............................................................................................. 15 3.1 Route Characteristics ............................................................................................. 15 3.1.1 Route Description............................................................................................... 15 3.1.2 Spatial Characteristics ......................................................................................... 15 3.1.3 Construction characteristics.................................................................................16 Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page i Geographical position............................................................................................21 Social Aspects........................................................................................................ 21 BASELINE DATA.............................................................................................................. 24 Geology and soil..................................................................................................... 24 4.1.1 Soil Characteristics .............................................................................................. 24 4.1.2 Relief - Geomorphological Features and Catchment Area .................................24 4.1.3 Geological Structure............................................................................................26 4.1.4 Hydrogeological Features of Bedrock..................................................................27 4.1.5 Recent Exodynamic Processes and Phenomena................................................ 29 4.1.6 Seismology.......................................................................................................... 30 4.1.7 Material sources................................................................................................... 31 Air ........................................................................................................................... 32 4.2.1 Basic Climatic Characteristics............................................................................. 32 4.2.2 Applicable Standards ........................................................................................... 36 4.2.3 Current State of Pollution..................................................................................... 37 Noise ......................................................................................................................37 Ecology................................................................................................................. ..37 4.4.1 Ecosystems and protected natural resource protection..................................... 37 4.4.2 Plant Species Dependent on Watercourses ............................ .. .......................41 4.4.3 Plant Species of the Climatic Community...........................................................41 4.4.4 Agricultural Plant Species .................................................................................... 42 4.4.5 Plant Species Typical of South and South East Serbia .......................................43 4.4.6 Upland Plant Species...........................................................................................43 4.4.7 Animal Species ................................................................................................... 44 Surface and ground water ......................................................................................45 4.5.1 State of Surface Water ......................................................................................... 45 4.5.2 State of Groundwater ........................................................................................... 49 4.5.3 W a t e ~ a y s ........................................................................................................... 50 Social - Cultural Environment................................................................................52 4.6.1 Demographic characteristics ................................................................................ 52 4.6.2 Land Use .............................................................................................................. 56 4.6.3 Population's health ............................................................................................... 56 4.6.4 Immovable cultural assets.................................................................................... 57 Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page ii ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ............................................................................................ 60 Introduction............................................................................................................60 Geology and soils................................................................................................... 60 5.2.1 Construction phase .............................................................................................61 5.2.2 Operation phase ................................................................................................... 63 Air quality.............................................................................................................. 67 5.3.1 Construction phase ........................................................................................... 68 5.3.2 Operation phase...................... ... ..................................................................... 68 Noise ..................................................................................................................... 71 5.4.1 Impact in the construction phase ......................................................................... 71 5.4.2 Impact during operation ........................................:............................................. 72 Impacts on flora, fauna and landscape characteristics.......................................... 75 5.5.1 Impact on flora .................................................................................................. 76 5.5.2 Impact on fauna ....................... .. ....... ............................................................. 77 Resettlement due to land acquisition ..................................................................... 79 5.6.1 Affected People.................................................................................................... 81 5.6.2 Preparation of individual Resettlement Action Plans ......................................... 83 Construction camps.............................................................................................. 88 Cumulative impacts................................................................................................ 89 Trans-boundary effects ...................... ........................................................ .... 89 Grabovnica - Grdelica Section .......................................................................... 91 Gornje Polje -CariEina Dolina Section .................................................................. 91 CariCina dolina -VladiEin Han Section ..................................................................92 VladiCin Han - Donji Neradovac Section ............................................................ 92 Donji Neradovac - Levosoje Section .....................................................................92 PUBLIC CONSULTATION.............................................................................................. 93 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN................... ...............................................97 Introduction............................................................................................................. 97 Serbian Legislation................................................................................................. 98 General mitigation during construction................................................................... 99 Emergency planning................................ 101 Operational aspects ............................. .. ......................................................102 Monitoring............................................................................................................. 103 Public Enterprise "Roads o f Serbia" Construction Phase.............................................................................................. 103 Noise .................................................................................................................. 103 Air Pollution.........................................................................................................04 Water.................................................................................................................. 104 Soil .................................................................................................................. 104 Operational Phase.............................................................................................. 104 Noise.................................................................................................................. 104 Air ....................................................................................................................... 105 Water..................................................................................................................106 Soil ..................................................................................................................... 107 Tables TABLE 3-1 CONSTRUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF E-75 HIGHWAY GRABOVNICA . LEVOSOJE ........................................................................................................ 18 TABLE 4-1 SEISMIC INTENSITY OF THE ANALYZED AREA.....................................................30 TABLE 4-2 MATERIAL QUANTITIES............................................................................................32 TABLE 4-3 CLIMATIC PARAMETERS ON THE ROUTE OF THE FUTURE HIGHWAY E- 75. PART GRABOVNICA . .............................................................. LEVOSOJE 34 TABLE 4-4 METEOROLOGICAL STATION LESKOVAC. PREDEJANE. KUKAVICA AND VRANJE ............................................................................................................... 34 TABLE 4-5 MEAN ANNUAL LIMIT VALUES OF POLLUTION CONCENTRATIONS REPRESENT MAC (MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATIONS) ...............36 TABLE 4-6 WATER QUALITY ....................................................................................................... 47 TABLE 4-7 RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY IN THE SOUTH MORAVA RIVER (W.S. VLADlClN HAN)............................................................47 TABLE 4-8 RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY IN THE SOUTH MORAVA RIVER (B.C. GRDELICA)....................................................................48 TABLE 4-9 COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF THE NUMBER OF CITIZENS AND HOUSEHOLDS ....................................................................................................52 TABLE 4-10 REVIEW OF OCCUPIED AREAS ............................................................................ 56 TABLE 4-11 RECORDED CULTURAL ASSETS...........................................................................57 TABLE 5-1 EXPECTED CONTENT OF HEAW METALS IN SOIL. FOR THE ANALYZED SECTORS OF THE E-75 MOTORWAY (PPM) ................................................ 63 TABLE 5-2 ANNUAL AMOUNT OF POLLUTANT DEPOSITION. PER 1 KM. ALONG THE MOTORWAY EDGE D. NERADOVAC .SRPSKA KUCA ................................... 64 Public Enterprise 'Roads of Serbia" Page iw TABLE 5-3 ANNUAL AMOUNT OF POLLUTANT DEPOSIITON, PER 1 KM, ALONG THE MOTORWAY EDGE SRPSKA KUCA - LEVOSO.IE ...........................................65 TABLE 5-4 MPC OF POLLUTANTS INTHE ATMOSPHERE....................................................... 67 TABLE 5-5 VALUES OF HIGHEST PERMISSIBLE NOlSE LEVELS, IN DB(A) FOR DIFFERENT LAND USES - JUS U.J6 205 .......................................................... 72 TABLE 5-6 SUMMARIZED RESULTS OF THE TRAFFIC NOISE ESTIMATES ..........................73 TABLE 5-7 STRUCTURE FOR PROTECTIONAGAINST NOISEAT THE E-75 MOTORWAY......75 TABLE 5-8 AREAS WITH TOTAL LOSS OF VEGETATION AND ALTERED FLORA .................76 TABLE 5-9 CROSSING INFRASTRUCTURE ............................................................................... 77 TABLE 5-10 ENTITLEMENT MATRIX .......................................................................................... .81 TABLE 6-1 LIST OF PUBLIC CONSULTATlONS PARTICIPANTS.............................................. 95 TABLE 7-1 IMPLEMENTATION PLANS...................................................................................... 107 TABLE 7-2 ENVlRONRllENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN ....................................................... 110 TABLE 7-3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN............................................................. 119 Figures . FIGURE 4-1 MAP OF PROTECTED AREAS ADJACENT TO THE PROJECT ROUTE ..............40 FIGLIRE4-1 RIVER SOUTH MORAVA .................................... ...................................................46 FIGURE 4-2 HYDROGEOLOGICAL MAP OF THE BUJANOVACKA BASIN.....................1.........51 A PROJECT TERMS OF REFERENCE B LAYOUTMAPS C LEGISLATION AND MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS 'D I REFERENCES I I / (NOISE DESIGNS AND LAND USE E F 'NOlSE AND AIR QUALITY STANDARDS G CONSOLIDATED COMMENTS FROM lFls H EIAAUTHORS 7 __i A- COMMENTS FROM NATURE PROTECTION INSTITUTE J COMMENTS FROM CULTURAL HERITAGE INSTITUTE K COMMENTSFROM WATER INSTITUTE --- L DESIGN DETAILS FOR BRIDGES, TUNNELS, NOISE BARRIERS, WATER TREATMENT Public Enlerprise "Roadsof Serbia" Page v Corridor X Highway Project: Corridor E-75 Corridor-Level Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Plan EXECUTIVESUMMARY Introduction and Project Description The construction of the E-75 highway section from Grabovnica to the border of FYR Macedonia is stated as one of the highest state priorities. This section of the E-75, which represents the southern branch of Corridor X, is divided into seven sections: i. Grabovnica- Grdelica ii. Grdelica -CariEina Dolina iii. CariEina Dolina-VladiEin Han iv. VladiEin Han-Donji Neradovac v. Donji Neradovac- Levosoje vi. Levosoje- Bukurevac vii. Bukurevac- border of FYRM Public Enterprise "Putevi Srbije" (PEPS), on behalf of Koridor 10 DruStvo sa OgraniEenom OdgovornoSCu (KIODOO), has taken all necessary activities and prepared planning, design and environmental documents. As part of the preparation of preliminary designs preparation, detailed EIA were prepared for all 7 sections of the proposed E-75 highway. In accordance with Serbian law, the preliminary designs and ElAs were submitted to the Institute for Nature Protection (INP) and the Institute for Protection of Cultural Monuments in Serbia (IPCM), which have issued approvals subject to a range of pre-conditions which must be satisfied prior to final approval and receipt of construction permits. The conditions from INP identify measures to safeguard vegetation, rare and endangered species and sensitive ecological systems and features, wh~lethe IPCM identified important architectural sites which need to be further investigated in order to develop appropriate conservation and mitigation measures. The seven existing ElAs were integrated into this Corridor X level EIA Report, for section E-75, covering the proposed highway route from Grabovnica to the border of FYRM. The preparation of this Corridor level EIA Report was undertaken by a qualified independent party. This Corridor level EIA provides a strategic overview, covering issues which are applicable to all sections and highlighting issues of particular concern in specific sections, as well as addressing cumulative impacts of the corridor as a whole. As part of the preparation of detailed designs for each section, PEPS will prepare detailed site-specific EMPs which will include additional site-specific informationlrequirements identified in this Corridor level EIA. The resulting site-specific EMPs will be reviewed and approved by the World Bank prior to bidding, and then included in the bidding documents for contractors. After contract signing, contractors will prepare an implementation plan, indicating how they propose to meet the requirements of the EMP for specific aspects of their operations (for solid waste management, water pollution prevention, noise abatement, etc.) to address the issues applicable to their respective road sections. These implementation plans will be approved by the supervision consultant for each contract. Public Enterprise "Putevi SrbijenEIA E7S Executive Summary Page l 01106/2009 The designed section of the highway, from Grabovnica to Levosoje, represents one of the most important traffic corridors in the Serbian traffic system, since it connects the' most significant social and economic centres of the northern and southern part of the Republic. At the same time, it represents part of E-75 highway Belgrade - Nis - Macedonian border, road which is a branch of the Pan-European Road Network which connects European and Balkan countries. For most of its part, the route is located in the corridor of existing road M-I, i.e, it goes through the valleys of the rivers Juzna Morava and Presevska Moravica. The prospective E-75 highway is located in the valley of the Juzna Morava and follows the river flow, transferring its position from the left to the right riverside. The route crosses through different morphological forms -Leskovac basin, Vranje basin, Presevo basin and Grdelica gorge. Grdelica gorge is one of the biggest gorges in Serbia (30 km long and 550 m wide). In the north, it is connected to Leskovac basin, while in the south it borders on Vranje basin and it represents the shortest connection between the Danube and Vardar. Vranje basin is stretched in the SW - NE direction; it is 30 km long and 6 km wide. Baseline Data Baseline environmental data were collated for the study area and included the data collected for the individual EIAs, which have been prepared for each of the highway sections that are required as a pre-requisite for obtaining construction permits. On both sides, river valleys are restricted within a hilly terrain. In the natural condition, the valleys were overgrown by hydrophilic (water-loving) plants, while surrounding hilly slopes were covered by Hungarian Oak and Turkey Oak, as well as their transitional forms. However, due to anthropogenic influences these ecosystems suffered a variety of changes. Remains of previous hydrophilous species are present in a valley of the Juzna Morava. These plant species are primarily represented by the narrow zone of white poplar forest. On higher locations, where soil aeration is better, and flooding frequency shorter, there are groups of ecological units of mono-dominant species of white poplar present in a mosaic pattern. At the level of bushes, besides red stem dogwood and Hungarian hawthorn, hawthorn and wild privet are present, which indicate significantly dryer weather conditions during the summer season. At the level of ground flora, besides hygrophytes, there are also mesophytes such as Galeopsis speciosa, Brachypodium silvatiicum and other. White poplar (Populus alba) is present even in the driest areas of terrain. The following forest phytocenosis is also present in the wider area of the highway route: beech forest - Fagetum montanum serbicum. This biocenosis is mostly dependent on the orographic (topographically induced rainfall) factors, i.e. it appears as a permanent canopy in colder and fresher oak regions. These beech forests on cold slopes of hills and hillocks depend on the relief and not on the regional climate at that altitude. Fauna representatives can be grouped in two categories: animals living in the water or the water represents a significant factor for their survival and the animals of terrestrial ecosystems. Representatives of fish species living in the South Morava river include Eudontomyzon mariae (Ucraine brook lamprey), Alburnoides bipunctatus (spirlin), Aspius aspius (asp fish) and Barbus barbus (common barbel). Amphibian species include Salamandra salamandra (fire salamander), Triturus carnifex (Italian crested newt), Triturus karelinii (Southern crested newt), Hyla arborea (European tree frog) , Pelobates syriacus (spadefoot) and Bufo sp. (toads). Snake species include Natrix natrix (grass snake) and Natrix tessellata (dice snake). Public Enterprise "Putevi SrbijenEIA E75 Executive Summary Page li 0110612009 The valley of the South Morava river is populated by more than 153 species of birds, including those found predominantly in water and swamp habitats and birds of prey. The first group includes species such as little bittern (Ixobrychus minutus), black-crowned night herron (Nycticorax nycticorax), squacco herron (Ardeola ralloides), little egrett (Egretta garzetta) and purple herron (Ardea purpurea). Birds of prey include common buzzard (Buteo buteo), marsh harrier (Circus aeroginosus), long-eared owl (Asio otus) and little owl (Athene noctua). Small mammals include species such as hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor), pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus), common shrew (Sorex araneus), lesser mole rat (Spalax leucodon) and wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus). For most of its route the E-75 highway passes through areas which are degraded or have no particular conservation significance. However, a portion passes through the Grdelica Gorge, which is a refugium for tertiary flora, rare endangered herbal species and mixed relic vegetation, and thus its preservation and protection are of considerable importance. Here, one can find species that have become very rare in Serbia, or are even nearing extinction. This is likely to include the endemic Balkan plant Consolida uechtritziana, Soo, the habitat of which is in the Dewen Gorge. This plant was included in The Red Data Book of Flora of Serbia I. Since this plant grows on ploughlands near roads, it is assumed that it could be found in Grdelica Gorge itself (on the highway section Caricina Dolina - Vladicin Han). In case of continued negative impacts, these habitats would become ecologically unstable and vulnerable. In conformance with the requirements of the Institute for Nature Protection (INP) additional ecological surveys will be conducted during the detailed design phase and the necessary safeguards to identify and protect any endangered or rare plants will be put in place as part of the site specific Environmental Management Plan, prepared by PEPS, and the implementation plans to be prepared by Contractors, and approved by the supervision consultant. Also in the Grdelica Gorge are found two protected bird species, the golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos and Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus. These two species require protection from negative anthropogenic impacts. Besides these two protected species, other characteristic bird species of rocky habitats in this area include: Eurasian Eagle Owl Bubo Bubo, Rock Partridge Alectoris graeca, The Rufous-tailed Rock Thrush Monticola saxatilis, The Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe hispanica, Red Rumped Swallow Hirundo daurica.. The Grdelica canyon is also significant because it provides a route some fauna use for their local migration from the south to the north. This route is the shortest way between the Vranjska and Leskovaska basins. Species which use this route include Balkans wall lizard Podarcis tauricus and Erhard's wall lizard Podarcis. The preservation of their passage through the area is extremely important for their survival, Project impacts on these fauna species will be minimised by undertaking ecological surveys during the detailed design phase to identify landscape and habitat features which are important for them and any threats associated with the road construction or operation, and on this basis developing appropriate mitigation and monitoring measures which will be included in the site-specific EMPs. Geoloqy and soil The soil within the study area belongs to classes of fluviatile and fluvio-glacial soils. In most cases, these are azonal soil types, caused by different periods of flooding, and undisturbed pedo-genetic processes. Most of the study area belongs to a soil type called fluvisol or simply alluvial soil whereon ephemeral herbaceous vegetation and flooding shrubbery of grey willow (Salix cinerea) grow, as well as woods belonging to Salici -Populetum type. The soil in the planes and on the hilly terrains belong to the class called smonica and metamorphosed smonica. Public Enterprise "Putevi SrbijenEIA E75 Executive Summary Page lil The wide area around the projected highway route has the moderately continental climate. This is particularly obvious in the valley of the South Morava river and on its verges. The characteristics of this climate are mild summers, cold winters with a lot of precipitation and clearly marked transitory periods, with an especially long autumn. There is little precipitation during the summer, but wind circulation is strong. The average annual air temperature for the period between 1931 and 1970was 8 - 1 0 ' ~and 10 - 1 4 ' ~in the South Morava river valley. The Grdelica canyon has a climate which is somewhere between moderately continental and Mediterranean climate, with certain peculiarities conditioned by its geographic position, and especially its orographic (topographically induced rain) and hydrographic characteristics. Noise There are no useful data on the existing noise levels for the study area of the highway E-75 Grabovnica - Levosoje, and no subsequent measuring have been performed during the designs to date. It is assumed that the highway itself will be the most significant source of ambient noise. Noise calculations for the operation of the highway were undertaken, in some places taking into account existing noise sources which would have an additive effect. On the basis of these calculations mitigation measures were developed for areas where the road passes through or near settlements. Surface and around water There are limited data on the watercourses potentially affected by the Project, but current data indicate elevated levels of organic pollution (from poorly treated wastewater) and inorganic pollution (from agricultural run-off). Additional data on water quality will be collected for water features that are potentially affected by the Project due to their proximity. This will be done by the contractors during preparation of the Implementation Plans for waste and pollution prevention. Land Use The study area is marked by the predominance of cultivated fields. Meadows and forests appear now and then along the newly projected highway. The lowest percent of the total area belongs to built up land. Immovable cultural assets Where cultural monuments are integrated in the environment, they are protected within the frame of nature preservation. No statutorily protected archaeological sites are expected to be affected by the project. After a consideration of the planning and Project documentation, as well as after field survey, it has been determined that there are 27 significant cultural locations within or near the alignment, including the localities of Mala Kopasnica, Seliste in Grdelica, Oraovica, Bocevci and Predejane, prehistoric settlements near Polom and Dekutinci. Some of these sites may fall within the zone of influence of the highway while others are located in the wider area around the highway and are not expected to be vulnerable to impact during construction or operation. For example, a graveyard which is in the town of Predejane (nearest town to the highway) is at a distance of 440m from the planned alignment and is not expected to be affected. The same is true for the archaeological site near Vrobovo. Some of the monuments have already been damaged in previous years, such as the prehistoric sites where mounds and barrows which were discovered in 1959 have been largely destroyed by previous road construction. In some cases archaeological sites and structures may be outside the direct footprint of the road but may nonetheless be vulnerable to impacts from vibrations or air pollution. Public Enterprise "Putevi SrbijenEIA E75 Executive Summary Page iv 0110612009 Determining the influence of the planned highwayon all these objects is a task which requires precise information on the very objects, as well as indicators related to the highway itself. The registered sites represent spatial areas which have not been fully researched and for which there is insufficient information regarding precise locations, boundaries and contents. The Institute for Protection of Monuments of Culture (IPMC) in Serbia have indicated agreement for proceeding with the project based on the preliminary design, with the requirement that finances must be made available for conducting field investigations to complete necessary investigations and to develop and implement appropriate mitigation measures. In the case of the 27 known cultural monuments, it will be the responsibility of PEPS, on behalf of K10D00, to arrange for these investigations to take place as part of the detailed design work. The investigations may be carried out by the lPMC or under their guidance and supervision. The Cultural Heritage Act entails that in case a new, unregistered site is found in the course of construction (i.e., "chance finds"), the investor and the contractor have to enable and ensure an archaeological intervention. This includes an immediate interruption of all works and informing of the competent Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments about the discovery. This definitely requires occasional archaeological supervision during the construction and provision has been made accordingly in the EMP. PEPS, on behalf of KIODOO is obliged to provide financial means for all intended works - probing archaeological researches, occasional archaeological supervision, protective archaeological interventions, etc. Environmental Impacts This report covers the motorway corridor, including the highway sections that comprise the overall Project for E-75. Preparation and design work to date has devoted much attention to routing of the motorway, particularly for new or offline sections. In accordancewith Serbian laws, the alignment has been selected to avoid protected areas and cultural monuments and to minimize environmental impacts and social disruption. The EIA addresses issues and impacts and mitigation measureswhich can be identified at this stage of design. As detailed designs are not complete, certain aspects such as the precise layout and construction methods and materials for tunnels and bridges, specific land which will need to be acquired, sites for construction camps, etc. are not yet known. As noted above, these aspects will be addressed either by additional work undertaken by PEPS, on behalf of KIODOO, in the finalization of the EMP as part of the detailed design stage, or by the Contractors, in their preparation of their subsequent implementation plans for transport, waste, pollution etc. The following paragraphs summarize the discussion of potential impacts and the required mitigationand monitoringmeasures as they have beer,identifiedinthe Corridor-level EIA Construction phase Adverse air quality impacts should be managed during construction by good site management practices, including maintenance of machinery and sprayingwater to reduce fugitive dust nuisance. Potential noise disturbance should be managed in a pro-active manner, by selecting equipment that complies with health and safety standards for workers' exposure and then by acting to mitigate any nuisance noise issues as they arise, including citizens' complaints. From the site surveys undertaken and the communicationwith the lnstitute for Nature Protection, it is concluded that no statutorily protected sites would appear to be adversely impacted and potential impacts on flora and fauna during the construction phase are manageable. Contractors will be responsible for preventing unnecessary cutting of trees and hunting or disturbance of animals. Specific mitigation measures such as minor route deviations, locating of construction camps, blasting schedules, translocation of individuals of vulnerable species, etc. will be identified based on the Public Enterprise "Putevi Srbije"E1.4 E75 Executive Summary Page v 01/06/2009 investigations which contractors will be obliged to undertake in order to prepare the site-specific implementation plan, in response to the contractual EMPs, which must be approved by the supervision consultant prior to commencing works. Surface and groundwater should be protected during construction by adherence to the individual implementation plans and the site specific EMP, which will include plans for protection of soil and water pollution by safe storage of fuels and hazardous materials. No statutorily protected archaeological sites should be affected by the works, but several important features appear to be directly impacted and thus require investigation and management during construction. A watching brief will be maintained during construction and the necessary measures taken will be taken should late finds become an issue. An arrangement has been made in the EMP for such an approach, along with an allowance for the costs. The nature and extent of the construction works will require the establishment of a number of Construction Camps, which will house workers, equipment, machinery, fuels and materials. The number, size and location of camps is not currently known and can and will only be determined following mobilisation of Contractors to country. It is reasonable to assume that approximately 5-10 camps will be required,taking into account the lengths of road section and other factors. Potential interference with community harmony andlor community tension resulting from the presence of a large numbers of workers, particularly if foreign workers, who may also be a source of sexually transmitted infections (STls) or HIV. Partly as the number, size and location of camps are not known at this stage, the most effective way to address the potentially adverse impacts is for guidelines and contractual requirements to be established and these are presented in the EMP in Section 8 of this report. The implementation plan of the contractors would indicate how they would meet these requirements. After completion of works, it is necessary to reinstate all borrow pits, dump and storage sites, where feasible, to prevent further degradation of soil and improve the visual effect. Operation phase The road drainage system has been designed to be a combination of open and closed drainage. The location of sections of closed systems, incorporating grit and oillwater separators has been driven by the need to protect identified sensitive watercourses. Modelling of potential operational 'traffic noise has resulted in the design of long lengths of noise barriers, which has been incorporated in to the design of the Project. Other passive measures to control nuisance noise will also be considered, which include landscaping and installation of replacement doors and windows or screens, where this is appropriate and cost effective. Proposals for these measures will be included in the site-specific EMPs Negative impacts appearing in the operation of the motorway potentially occur through the possibility of animal fatalities on the open motorway, disturbance of the area through which the motorway passes, by increased noise levels, and through elevated levels of all forms of pollution, particularly air pollution. To minimise animal casualties, the entire route of the motorway is to be fenced, with a finer meshtowards the base of the fence line. To minimise impacts on important ecological sites and animal species it is necessary, during the design and construction of the motorway, to plan the installation of passages for small and large animals, above or under the motorway, depending on needs and characteristics of the ground. Communication from the Institute for Nature Protection has indeed revealed the need to maintain Public Enterprise "Pulevi SrbijeVEIA E75 Executive Summary Page vi 0110612009 connectivity of animal habitat and they have agreed that the many culverts and pipes under the motorway should suffice as crossing points, but designswill need to demonstratetheir effectiveness. Resettlementdue to land acquisition This aspect of the Project has been the subject of a separate, specialist, detailed study A brief summary is presented in the EIA report for the sake of completenessof the scope of EIA. Compensation of affected people will be governed by the several general principles, in accordance with the approved Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), which includes an analysis of gaps between provisions in the national legislation and the World Bank's Involuntary Resettlement Policy (OP 4.12) and includes provisions to ensure that OP 4.12 requirements are met (for example with respect to provision of compensation andlor resettlement assistance of those without land use rights who nonethelessare using public land). Preparation of individual Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) in accordance with the RPF will be undertakenfor the Project sections. It is estimated that the cost of the expropriation for the E-75 and E-80 will be around 120 million US dollars. Only rough estimates of the land requirementsfor the two components are available at this stage and it is not possible to estimate the exact cost of land acquisition and resettlement. However, the PEPS, through its legal department, will be preparing detailed RAPs including detailed cost estimatesfor each section which has the final design. PEPSwill ensure that adequate funds are made available for the implementation of the RAPs by providing appropriate budgetary allocations. The beneficiary agency (PEPS) and the implementing agency (KIODOO) will ensure that sufficient budget is allocated to meet all requirements for compensation and for resettlement assistance in accordancewith the RPF. Cumulativeand Indirect impacts The routing and structures designed to date have sought to minimise overall social and environmental impacts. Until the construction contracts are awarded and the detailed designs undertaken it is not possible to determine cumulative impacts on common features, such as individual rivers. However, substantial measures are being taken to minimize negative impacts on water quality through the use of closed drainage systems in sensitive areas. Induced development along the route of the highway per se is not anticipated, as new highway accesses to only existing facilities and connecting roads will be constructed as part of the Project. The Project highway aims, inter alia, to stimulate economic development and improve communication both regionally and internationally. However, the majority of the areas through which the highway is routed are rural in nature and continue to suffer from out- migration,as people move to the larger cities and towns in search of work etc. It is not anticipated that large scale developments or large in-migrations will occur simply due to the presence of an improved highway connection. The difficult terrain for most of the route from Grabovnica to FYRM border has dictated the routing of infrastructure and associated communications. Due to this reason, the Project highway is located near the existing main railroad Nis -Skopje, at the distance of 50-300m. This type of mutual position of the sections results in cumulative noise impacts. This fact was taken into consideration during EIA modelling of noise level in the impact zone. From km 890+700 to km 891+700 the highway route passes near the stone quarry Momin Kamen. Emissions of gases and dust due to excavation and grinding of stone aggregate, together with emissions of pollutants from traffic realization into the air, represent cumulative impact that may be mitigated by appliance of stricter regulations in reference to work of the stone quarry. Construction of highway maintenance centres is stated for km 872+600 Public Enterprise "Putevi Srbije"EI.4 E75 Executive Summary Page vii 01/06/2009 (Grdelica interchange) and near Vranje interchange, on km 920+050. There is a possibility that cumulative impacts of these facilities and the road exceed the permitted values of pollutant concentrations in the air as well as noise limits, which will be tested through ElAs prepared for these structures. On km 919+000 there is a complex of structures of Tobacco Industry of Vranje. Cumulative impacts, as the case is for a local motel, near Vladicin Han and Vranje are presented in reference to air and water pollution. For the sections of the highway positioned near Vladicin Han and Vranje, no significant cumulative impacts are expected. Trans-boundary effects The potential cumulative impacts are outlined in the previous section, which has a bearing on potential trans-boundary effects. Trans-boundary effects could occur during construction or during operation of the highway. Transfer of negative impacts beyond the borders of Serbia may result from high intensity of impacts and the immediate vicinity of the impacts' source in relation to borders of other countries. Results of the impacts modelling (especially for noise and air quality) for the road indicated that transfer of these impacts is limited to the highway corridor zone, which is typically within the boundaries of 500 m on either side of the highway. The terrain configuration of the Project highway naturally avoids potential trans-border transfer of impacts. The watercourses in the catchment of the South Morava River and any potential accidents that may cause elevated levels of pollution in rivers would not affect Macedonia. The only impact that may result in degradation of environment conditions at a regional or global level is air pollution, i.e. emission of air pollutantscausing greenhouse effect due to combustion of fuels of vehicles using the Project highway. The highway routing passes predominantly through rural areas, which have seen out-migration in recent years. The nearest small village to the border with Macedonia is approximately 5km away and current access to the road network is good and no large new settlements are anticipated. Whilst one of the purposes of the improved Project highway is to encourage economic development, it is not anticipated that large scale developments affecting neighbouring countries or large in-migrations will occur simply due to the presence of an improved highway connection. No particular studies of this phenomenon have been undertaken as part of this EIA, but a recommendation herein is for the relevant planning authorities to take responsibility for this issue as part of land use and spatial planning, of which the Project is already a component of. Analysis of Alternatives Various sections of the route had variants as alternatives and a multi-criteria approach was taken, to select the favoured option that represented the overall optimum solution, taking construction cost, society and environmental conditions into account. Maximum priority has been given to the construction costs, traffic safety and environmental and social sensitive routing, then expenses of operation. Regarding the corridor impact maximum attention has been given to noise, pollution and - biodiversity impact, while vibrations and visual impactwere considered as a lower priority. Where there were feasible alternatives to certain road sections ,maximum attention was given to environmental and socially aware routing, with one example being in the zone of BurgiC hamlet where a direct route is distinctly unfavourable, since, among other challenges, it isolates inhabitants of the hamlet, and a local road would have to be built for them to travel, for their basic needs, toward Velika Kopasnica and Mala Kopasnica, and toward their local centre - Grdelica town. From the aspect of environmental protection of the hamlet, it is necessary to say that noise protection of these residential buildings is very expensive, more expensive than their demolition, since they are less than 50m from the road. If such a position would be assumed, at least 30 relatively dilapidated residential buildings Public Enterprise "Putevi SrbijenEIA E75 Executive Summary Page viii 0110612009 would be demolished, which would certainly create additional social problems at the municipal level, since all these buildings have many residents. Public Consultations In respect to environmental safeguard issues PEPS has already prepared 12 sub-section ElAs on preliminary1feasibility designs that comply with Serbian legislation. The national disclosure process encompassed four rounds of public consultations for each sub-section (on TOR for environmental consultant, on scope of environmental assessment, on draft EIA and on draft final EIA) and were carried out in period from 2006 to 2009. The sub-section ElAs have been approved by the Serbian Ministry of Environment. In accordance with OPlBP 4.01 PEPS has engaged an independent consultant to prepare two Corridor Level ElAs (one for E-75 and one for E-80). Besides consolidating the sub-section EIAs, the Corridor Level ElAs also addressedthe cumulative, induced, indirect and transboundary impacts.The draft EIA has been received by the Bank and commented upon. The Client subsequently updated the Corridor Level ElAs and prepared a final version of the document. The in-country disclosure of draft Corridor Level ElAs was carried out in the period from February 25 (when the documents were made publicly available on site and at PEPS' web site) to March 11 and 12 (when the public meetings were held in Vranje (from 12 to 2 pm on 12 March 2009). Public announcements in Serbian and English were published in the daily newspaper Politika, inviting the public, authorities and relevant institutions to have an insight into the EIA for the Project. Prior to announcement in the newspapers, the EIA was delivered to the Municipality of Vranje and published on the PE "Roads of Serbia" web site. Representatives of the local self-government informed the public through their local media of the time and place of public consultations. The first draft Final EIA document was received by PEPS on April 7, 2009. This first draft final EIA document remains available at the Client's web site. Comments to the draft final EIA document can be sent to PEPS' environmental unit from February 25, 2009 onwards. During the public consultations, there were no significant remarks in regards to environmental protection issues. Two of the main general issues raised by residentswere: Severanceof access to agricultural lands; and Potentialinterferenceldamageto water sources, such as springs and wells. During the discussions, the highway designers gave assurances that severance issues would be further considered during the detailed design and the principle followed in the current design was to maintain recognised crossing points by the provision of footpaths or bridges. Potential damage to water resources would also be considered during detailed design and where required, pipes or culverts would allow continuedflow of water resources underneaththe road. EnvironmentalManaqement Plan A Corridor level Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared, which outlines the management framework (i.e. working arrangements) for how the environmental and social elements of the Project will be managed from detailed design and construction through operation. The EMP indicates institutional responsibilities and, where possible provides estimated or indicative costs to ensure adequate budgeting for mitigation and monitoring requirements. As part of the preparation of the detailed design for each sub-section, PEPS on behalf of KIODOO, will prepare a site -specific EMP,to be approved by the Bank, for inclusion in the tender documentationfor works. Following common practice in large scale infrastructure projects, contractors will be required to build on and expand this EMP to provide details of how the Project commitments are to be implemented; Public Enterprise "Putevi SrbijeVEIAEl5 ExecutiveSummary Page Ix 01/06/2009 essentially containing 'the how, who and where'. This will take the form of a site-specific lmplementation Plan for specific aspects of operations and site management. For example, the EMP indicates that sensitive ecological assets (e.g. as nesting sites for vulnerable species) should not be disturbed and that culverts and underpasseswill be designed to allow movements of animals. The site-specific lmplementation Plan will specify the location, design and operation of construction camps and will identify specific routes which are heavily used (e.g. by amphibians migrating to breeding ponds) and incorporate these into the detailed design. Similarly, where the EMP specifies that fuels, oils and other hazardous material shall be handled and managed in accordance with best international practice, the Contractor will prepare a site-specific hazardous material management plan. The details of these site-specific lmplementation plans are subject to approval prior to beginning of works, and can then be monitored and audited to ensure adherence to national requirements and the Project level EMP. The Corridor level EIA also recommends that the Contractors produce an Environmental Management System (EMS) that is preferably IS0 14001 compliant. Contractual provisions As described above, contractors will be required to prepare site-specific implementation plans and control/management plans for specific aspects of construction site management (solid waste and wastewater management, traffic management,oil and fuel storage, etc.) as outlined in Table 8-2. All construction sites will be managed in accordance with national legislation on construction and HSE, such as the Law on Occupational Safety and the Law on Occupational Health and Safety and the Regulation on Occupational Safety for ConstructionWorks (OfficialGazette of RS, No. 53/97). The contracts will also conform to international standards, which will include international H&S standards to protect all workers and community members in the vicinity of the works through the provision of safe working conditions, appropriate training and equipment. . In view of this, an exhaustive list of H&S standards and procedures has not been included in the EMP. Work camps will be required to conform to international HSE standards and will thus be furnished with sanitary and wastewater collection and disposal/treatmentfacilities and will operate fully compliant waste systems, involving storage of waste by waste category (European Waste Code). These requirements will be included within the contracts for construction, which should ensure that contractors include sufficient budgetfor effective HSE management Contractors' teams will reflect these provisions, by including HSE staff and independent environmental specialists to provide advice and to undertake monitoringand auditing. Monitorinq Monitoring of the effects of the Projectwill commence during the construction phase and will continue during operation of the highway. The present EMP sets out the basic parameters to be monitored in order to determine that mitigation measures identified above are being implemented effectively. These are discussed below. For many aspects such as air and water quality and directed drainage of water runoff from roads, Serbian legislation sets the standards to be met. Following award of contracts for construction, the individual Contractors will work with the supervision consultant and K10D00 to develop a detailed monitoring programme w~thspecified targets for each indicator, which will be tailored to the requirements of each road sub-section and the elements of the Contractor's EMS and site-specific lmplementation Plan. Each Contractor will develop a written monitoring programme that will be evaluated by the independent environmental consultants and Project stakeholders, including statutory agencies. Public Enterprise "Putevi Srbije"EI.4 E75 Executive Summary Page x 0110612009 Pollution of watercourses in this area (River Juzna Morava, Valley Seliska Dolina, Vircina, Valley Katiceva Dolina, Seliste, Koznicka, Vrla, River Slatinska Reka and streams Kopasnicnki Potok, Vojnicki Potok and ~raovickiPotok) has been observed, due to poor wastewater and municipal water treatment, which drain into those watercourses and agricultural activity. The baseline used for monitoring should reflect this. Similarly, some sections of the study area are suffering elevated noise levels, due to traffic noise. The current state is characterized by traffic on the present road network: main road M 1, regional road P - 214 and Belgrade - -Skopljerailway. Public Enterprise "Putevi Srbije"E1.A E75 Executive Summary Page xi 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose of Report The construction of the E-75 highway section from Grabovnica to the border of FYR Macedonia is one of the highest state priorities and Public Enterprise"Putevi Srbije" (PEPS), on behalf of Koridor 10 DruStvo sa OgraniEenom OdgovornoScu (KlODOO), has taken all necessary activities and prepared planning, design and environmental documents. Previous analyses of environmental impact were completed for the needs of general highway project, while for the purpose of preliminary designs preparation, detailed EIA were carried successively for all 7 sections of the proposed E-75 highway. Simultaneously with the procedures underway, at the meeting of representatives of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), European Investment Bank (EIB) and World Bank (WB), which was organized in October 2008 in Luxembourg,the Government of the Republic of Serbia, i.e. PEPS received recommendations for continuation of activities that should create a foundation for reaching decisions on acceptance of the Project by the banks and approval of the credit funds for financing of this highway stretch, section from Grabovnica to Levosoje..The three banks jointly agreed that during the realization of the stated activities, in reference to environmental protection issues, proceduresof the World Bank would be followed for this project. In accordance with the agreement reached in Luxembourg, Preparation Mission of the World Bank visited Serbia in the period from December 02 to December 12, 2008 (Preparation Mission for CorridorX Highway Project). The Mission organized meetings as to define the activities neededfor successful realization of the subject highway project.Additionally, several meetings were organized with the PEPS management and agreement was made in relation to continuation of the activities needed for the Project approval by the Banks. Aspect of environmental protection was specially analyzed at those meetings and the PEPS was requested to integrate the existing studies into a singular unity, that is, to prepare Corridor level environmental impact assessment, for the E-75 highway section from Grabovnica to Levosoje (in further text EIA). Additionally, in the part of the EIA dealing with potential trans-boundary Project impacts and cumulative Project environmental impacts it was necessary to take into consideration two additional sections of the highway (Levosoje-Bukurevac and Bukurevac -FYRM border). Pursuant to item 24 of the Aide - Memoire (Preparation Mission for Corridor X Highway Project, December 02 - December 12, 2008), up to this moment PEPS has executed all the activities in relationwith the fulfilment of the following requirements: The existing ElAs were integrated into Corridor X level EIA Report, section from Grabovnica to the border of FYRM. Preparation of the EIA Report was undertaken by a qualified independent party and the draft EIA Reportwas submitted to the Bank in due time. The remaining activities relate to the following issues: Preparation and organization of public consultation, as well as the preparation of final EIA. This activity should be completed before mid May, 2009 Engagement of a qualified independent consultant to monitor the implementation of the EMPs. This activity shall commence prior to the start date of constructionworks. Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 1 1.2 Project Background E-75 highway section, from Grabovnica to border of FYRM, which is the southern branch of Corridor X, is divided into seven sections: Grabovnica- Grdelica Grdelica CariEina Dolina - CariEina Dolina-VladiEin Han VladiEin Han- Donji Neradovac Donji Neradovac -Levosoje Levosoje Bukurevac - Bukurevac border of FYRM - This Project should be viewed in the larger context of the overall national transport network in Serbia. The national network has suffered from lack of maintenancefunding over the last decade and also severe war damage in some locations. The Multi-Annual Indicative Programme and Annual Action Programmes approved by the Government reflect both the need to repair and to improve the overall national transport network, as well as the willingness of the International Financing Organizations(IFI) to support this process in order to facilitate the free flow of goods and people, and to spur economic and social development. 1.3 Previous Environmental Studies Foundation for preparation of Corridor level EIA, for the E-75 highway section from Grabovnica to Levosoje is comprised of the following planning and design documents: previous analysis of EIA for the E-75 highway project,from Nis to the border of FYRM detailed analysis of EIA and EIA Study for the section Grabovnica- Grdelica; detailed analysis of EIA and EIA Study for the section Grdelica (Gornje Polje) -CariEina Dolina; detailed analysis of EIA and EIA Study for the section CariEina Dolina VladiEin Han; - detailed analysis of EIA and EIA Study for the sectionVladiEin Han -Donji Neradovac; detailed analysis of EIA and EIA Study for the section Donji Neradovac Levosoje; - Spatial Plan of special purpose areas -infrastructuralcorridorNiS FYRM border; - detailed analysis of EIA and EIA Study for the section Levosoje Bukurevac - detailed analysis of EIA and EIA Study for the section Bukurevac - FYRM border This Report has considered all cumulative or synergistic environmental impacts, together with all significant trans-boundary effects (for FYRM border) and it is in full compliance with the Espoo convention. Most of the environmental documents, including section-specific ElAs have been approved by the relevant national environmental authority as part of the procedure for obtaining the construction permit. Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 2 1.4 Structure of Report Scope and contents of the EIA are defined by the operational policy and procedure of the World Bank (WB OP/BP 4.01). Followingthe criteria of the Bank for categorization of the projects based on their assessed environmental impacts, this project was included in the category implying the strongest impacts (environmental Cafegory A). The EIA Report is preparedfully in accordance with the Annex B and Annex C of the WB operational policy (WE OP 4.01, Annex A and Annex 6). This EIA report includethe following chapters: 1. Introduction; 2. Policy, legal and administrativeframework; 3. Projectdescription; 4. Baselinedata; 5. EnvironmentalImpact; 6. Presentationof main alternatives: 7. Public Consultations 8. EnvironmentalManagementPlan EMP; - Appendices. Following an introduction to the Project as presented in Chapter 1, an outline of the policy, legal and administrative framework is presented in Chapter 2. A description of the route and structures proposed is given in Chapter 3. Presentation of the current state of the environment in the Project surroundingarea is presented in Chapter4. Description of significant project environmental impacts, which includes analysis of cumulative project impact and analysis of trans-boundary impact are presented in Chapter 5. This Chapter assess the potential impacts of E-75 Motorway Project construction and operation on the local environment. The studies cover: geology and soils; surface and groundwater; air and climate; noise; flora and fauna; landscape and visual; cultural heritage: population and economy, including material assets and health & safety; efficiency of use of natural resources. Measures to avoid or mitigate adverse environmental impacts identified in the preceding chapters are summarisedin the draft environmental impact, mitigation and monitoring plan in Chapter 8, Appendices include: A PROJECT TERMS OF REFERENCE B LAYOUTMAPS C LEGISLATIONAND MULTILATERALAGREEMENTS D REFERENCES E NOISE DESIGNSAND LAND USE F NOISE AND AIR QUALITY STANDARDS G CONSOLIDATEDCOMMENTS FROM lFls H EIAAUTHORS Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 3 I COMMENTS FROM NATURE PROTECTION INSTITUTE J COMMENTS FROM CULTURAL HERITAGE INSTITUTE K COMMENTS FROM WATER INSTITUTE L DESIGN DETAILS FOR BRIDGES, TUNNELS, NOISE BARRIERS,WATER TREATMENT M PHOTOGRAPHS Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 4 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 2.1 Relevant Institutions 2.1.IGovernment Organizations During the construction and operation of highways in the Republic of Serbia, the issue of environmental protection is managed by mutual cooperation of the following statutory government institutions: Ministry of Economy and Regional Development Ministry of Infrastructure Ministry for Environmentand Spatial Planning Ministry of Agriculture, Forests and Water Ministryof Culture - Public Enterprise"Roads of Serbia" lnstitutefor Nature Protection of Serbia Institutefor Protectionof Cultural Monumentsof the Republic of Serbia It is important to note here, that according to current Serbian Legislation, the preparation of EIA for the purpose of building new highways is mandatory. The Ministry for Environment and Spatial Planning (MoE) is the main institution in Serbia responsible for environmental matters. The Ministry is responsible for the protection against noise and vibration, hazardous and toxic material, air pollution, ionic and non-ionic radiation, nature protection and international co-operation. 2.1.2 Non-Government Organizations There are many environmental non-governmental organisations in Serbia. Most were established during the 1990s, concentrating on environmental awareness raising, environmental education and information dissemination. The Serbia office of the Regional Environmental Centre (REC) for Central and Eastern Europe was established in Belgrade in May 1998. 2.2 Environmental Laws and Regulations 2.2.1 Existing Serbian legislation Environmental protection in Serbia is regulated by many republic and municipal laws and by-laws. The environmental legislation in force in Serbia is surnmarised in Appendix C. The main laws and regulations currently in force which are relevant to the EIA for this project are listed below: Law on planning and construction ("Official Gazette of RS" No. 4712003, 3412006) which details the requirements for different phases in the planning cycle, i.e. pre-justification(pre- feasibility) and justification (feasibility) studies and the application for the main (general) project permit, as well as the requirement for public consultation during the preparation of master plans. Pre-feasibility and feasibility studies must both include environmental assessments. Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 5 Law on environmentalprotection ("Official Gazette of RS" No. 66/91, 83,92, 67/93, 48/94, 53/95, 135104). The law states that 'the use of natural resources,construction of structures or any other activity may be carried out under the condition that they cause no permanent change and significant change of landscape, no pollution, no other forms of environmental degradation'. Law on Environmental lmpact Assessment ("Official Gazette of RS" No. 135/2004) and Law on Strategic Environmental lmpact Assessment ("Official Gazette of RS" NO. 13512004) . By this Law, during 2004. harmonizationbetween Serbian and EU legislation in the area of environmental protection was done. This harmonization included adjusting the existing EIA regulation (lists of projects and procedures) to the EIA Directive 97/11/EEC, introducing Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) proceduresfollowing the Directive 2001/42/EEC and securing public access to environmental information following the EU Directive 200314lEC. Regulations on permitted noise level in the environment ("Official Gazette of RS" No. 54/92). Serbian noise and air quality standards are detailed in Appendix F. Regulations established on the basis of the Law on Environmental lmpact Assessment include the following: Decree on establishing the List of Projects for which the lmpact Assessment is mandatory and the List of projects for which the Environment lmpact Assessment can be requested ("OfficialGazette of RS" No. 84/05) Rulebook on the contents of requests for the necessity of lmpact Assessment and on the contents of requests for specification of scope and contents of the Environmental lmpact Assessment Study ("Official Gazette of RS" No. 69/05) Rulebook on the contents of the Environmental lmpact Assessment Study ("Official Gazette of RS" No. 69/05) Rulebook on the procedure of public inspection, presentation and public consultation about the Environmental lmpact Assessment Study ("OfficialGazette of RS" No. 69/05) Rulebook on the work of the Technical Committee for the Environmental Impact Assessment Study ("Official Gazette of RS" No. 69105) 2.2.2 Other relevant Serbian legislation Law on public roads ("Official Gazette of RS" No. 101/2005) Law on expropriation ("Official Gazette of RS" No. 53/95, 1612001) 2.2.3 Relevant World Bank policy The World Bank OP 4.01 and OPlBP4.12. 2.2.4 Existing EU legislation The main EU environmental legislation relevantto this Project is as follows: European Commission (1997) Council Directive 97/11/EC of 3 March 1997 amending Directive 851337lEEC on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment OJEC L 073 14/03/1997 p5-15, known as 'the Directive on EIA' Public Enterprise "Roads af Serbia" European Commission (2003) Council Directive 2003135lEC of 26 May 2003 providing for public participation in respect of drawing up of certain plans and programmes relating to the environment and amending with regard to public participation and access to justice Council Directives 85/337/EEC and 96/61/EC OJEC L 156 25/06/2003 p17-23, known as 'the Directive on Public Participation' European Commission (1979) Council Directive 7914091EEC of 4 April 1979 on the conservation of wild birds, known as 'the Directiveon Birds' European Commission (1992) Council Directive 92143lEEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora, known as 'the Habitats Directive' 2.3 Environmental Conventions The EnvironmentalConventionsthat Serbia is a signatory to include: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), Washington DC, 1973 Convention on Conservationof MigratoryWild Animals, Bonn, 1979 Conventionon Conservationof EuropeanWildlife and Their Natural Habitats, Berne, 1979 Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in EnvironmentalMatters, Aarhus, 1998 Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context Espoo, 1991 Detailedlist of internationalconventions is given in Appendix C. 2.4 Planning framework Planningframework for the preparation of the Preliminary Design of the highway E-75, section Nis -FYR Macedonia is presented in: Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia, determined by the Law on the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia ("Official Gazette of RS". No. 13/96) The Spatial Plan for the area of infrastructure corridor Nis - FYRM border with the elements of the Regulation Plan (("Official Gazette of RS", No. 350-1526712002-001) Municipal Spatial Plans The Spatial Plan for the area of infrastructure corridor Nis - FYRM border is a long-term development document which is enacted to cover the time period up to year 2020. It determines the baselines of organization, usage, development and protection of the territory of infrastructure corridor in parts of Nis city areas and Municipal Assemblies of Merosina, Doljevac, Gadzin Han, Leskovac,Vlasotince, Vladicin Han, Vranje, Bujanovac and Presevo. The Spatial Plan encompassesthe following: Main infrastructure corridors - with the existing and planned main infrastructure systems and their protective belts: highway E-75 (M - I), railroad E -85 for high speed trains, gas pipeline and optical cable with the stream flow of Juzna Morava river and supporting Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 7 facilities (nodes, terminals, service stations and other facilities supporting main infrastructure systems). Supporting alternative infrastructure systems - alternative road route (without toll collection) of the highway E-75. Corridor influence zone -encompassesthe area between particularzones of 1-5 km width from the final main infrastructure system, which are physically and functionally connected with the corridor from Nis to the Republicof.Macedonia border. The Spatial Plan border is determined by the cadastre municipalities' borders or by the geographical borders on the territory of the cadastre municipality. Conditions and guidelines from planning documents of higher category, along with particular planningsolutions constitute acquired planning duties. 2.5 Main steps of national procedure on EIA in the Republic of Serbia In the juridical system of the Republic of Serbia, the Environmental lmpact Assessment procedure is regulated by the Law on Environmental lmpact Assessment, along with appropriate sublegal enactments which determine particular issues within the lmpact Assessment procedure in more detail. One of the significant elements in the procedure itself is public involvement and the duty of forming the Technical Committee. Environmentallmpact Assessment is requiredfor Projectswhich are being planned and conducted,technology improvements, reconstructions,capacity expansion, work termination and removal of projects which significantly influence the environment. The procedure of Environmental lmpact Assessment consists of three phases (depending on the List containing a certain project, there can be one, two or more phases): - Phase I: Decision-making on the necessity of Environmentallmpact Assessment of the project - Phase II: Specification of scope and contents of the Environmentallmpact Assessment Study - Phase Ill: Environmental lmpact Assessment Study Entities which have participated in this Environmental lmpact Assessment procedure are the following: Project proponent (PEPS), relevant authority (Ministry for Environment and Spatial Planning),consultants of the EIA study, interestedauthorities, organizationsand the general public. Environmental lmpact Assessment of the E- 75 highway project, Belgrade -Nis - FYRM border, section Grabovnica-Levosoje, divided into five sections, is procedurally in different phases, depending on the section. EIA is procedurally completed for one section (official approval has been obtained) whereas the remaining four studies have passed the public consultation and are in the phase of acquiring approval from the relevant Ministry. Two additional sections, which were not envisagedto be financed under this credit (Levosoje-Bukurevac and Bukurevac-FYRM border) are in the phase of study preparation. 2.6 Land acquisition and Resettlement Policy Framework: The aspect of land acquisition is addressed in detail in a separate study and Resettlement Policy Framework. The main elements are summarized here. The following form the legal basis for this ResettlementPolicy Framework: The Republic of Serbia Expropriation Law (passed in 1995 and enacted on January 1, 1996, amended in March 2001, amended on March 19, 2009); Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 8 Law on Fundamentals of Property Relations (1980, applicable from 1st September 1980, amended 1990, and 1996); Administrative Code (Passed in 1996,amended June 26, 1997 Law of Planningand Construction (Passedon May 5, 2003, enacted on May 13, 2003); Law of Agricultural Land (Passed on July 19,2006, enacted July 27, 2006); and The World Bank Policy on Involuntary ~esettlement'(OPIBP 4.12). 2.6.1 Republic of Serbia Expropriation Law General Background The Republic of Serbia Expropriation Law (passed in 1995 and enacted on January 1, 1996, amended in March 2001, amended again on March 19, 2009) guides land acquisition and serves as a general framework for expropriation in the Republic of Serbia. The Republic of Serbia Expropriation Law does not use the term 'involuntary resettlement', which is used in the relevant World Bank policy documents, but instead uses the term expropriation. 'This law enables government institutions to acquire private property for projects that are deemed to be of national andlor local interest, while protecting the interests of all project affected persons with legal title, whose assets are to be expropriated. The law also enshrines the principle of fair compensation. The most importantfeatures of the Law on Expropriationare: It is intended to ensure simple, efficient process, reducing as far as possible the need for a lengthy judicial process to facilitate necessary expropriation. Under normal circumstances, the entire process of acquisition can be completedwithin six months; The fair value of the land affected by a particular scheme, or project, is determined by the Tax Administration, on behalf of the 'Beneficiary of ~xpropriation."The value is assessed on the basisof comparable sales transactions in the area in the recent past; As a condition to start expropriation, the Beneficiary of Expropriation must arrange a Bank Guaranteewith a Commercial Bank, in the assessed total sum for payment; In the case of privately owned agricultural land, if comparable land of the same type and quality, or the appropriate value, in the same area or vicinity (Article 15 of the Expropriation Law) can be identified, it is offeredto the projectedaffected person with formal title; The comparability of land is determined on the basis of an assessment of the available public land, by an accredited expert hired either by the Beneficiaryof Expropriation, or the Ministry of Agriculture; Available for download from the following link: The Beneficiary of Expropriation under the Republic of Serbia Law is defined as the person, or legal entity, on whose behalf the expropriation is being undertaken. The Implementing Entity is defined as the legal entity that is implementing a particular scheme or project. In the case of the Corridor X Highway projectlprogram, the Beneficiary of Expropriation' is PEPS, on behalf of the implementing entity, the K10D00, or in future the latter directly on its own account. Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 9 In case of disagreementon the comparabilityof the landoffered, a different accreditedexpert would be hired by the local municipalityto determine the comparabilityof the landoffered; Further disagreement would result in the project affected person resorting to the judicial process,where a decision would be made on the comparabilityof the land, or the payment of the assessed fair value in monetary terms; Where comparable land cannot be identified, the project affected person with legal title is offered the assessed fair value as determined by the Tax Administration. If the project affected person wishes to challenge the assessment of 'fair value' they can resort to the judicial process; For the project affected person, without formal title, there is no provision to pay compensation currently under the Law on Expropriation; In addition, after the passage of the Law on Planning and Construction(Passed on May 5, 2003, enacted on May 13, 2003), it is a criminal offenseto construct any structurewithout a building permit on either public or private land; and In the case of project affected persons,with formal title, who have constructeda permanent structure, without a formal building permit, compensation can be paid, if decided by a Court, under the Law on Fundamentals of Property Relations (1980, applicable from 1'' September 1980, amended 1990, and 1996) in terms of the investment made - as determined by an accredited Expertto assess the value of the materialsused. Selected Provisions Under article one of the Expropriation Law, immovable property3may be expropriated or ownership rights over such property restricted,only with equitable compensationwhich may not be lower than the current market price of such immovable property (hereinafter referredto as: the compensation), if it is so required because of a public interest4defined under the law. The fair value of the immovable property affected by a particular scheme, or project, is determined by the Tax Administration, on behalf of the 'Beneficiary of Expropriation.' The value is assessed on the basis of comparable sales transactions in the area in the recent past. The assessment of fair value takes into account the value of land, the cost of structures and installations, crops, woods, trees, fruit bearing tress, age of crops, vineyards, and the time needed to reproduce them. The impact of the scheme on the value of land will not be considered in the fair value of the immovable property. The Law on Expropriation requires the Beneficiary of Expropriation to justify the need for expropriation and to demonstratethat the scheme cannot occur without the proposed expropriation. Immovable property is defined, under the Law, as the parcels of land, buildings and other facilities. The Government of the Republic of Serbia may define a public interest for expropriation if the expropriation of immovable property is necessary for the construction of a facility in the area of: education, health care, social welfare, culture, water management, sports, transportation, energy or utility infrastructure, facilities for the requirements of government authorities and the authorities of territorial autonomy and local self-government, facilities for the requirements of national defense, ensuring the environmental protection and protection against natural disasters, for exploitation of mineral resources,and for the construction of apartments to be used for meeting the requirements of socially vulnerable persons. Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 10 The declaration of public interestluse is a special procedure, which precedes and enables any property acquisition and expropriation. Immovable property, as defined, may be expropriated when necessary for the construction of facilities or undertaking of works of "public interestluse." The key assumption is that the scheme cannot progress without expropriating the immovable property. When the scheme is declared to be 'of public interest,' a concrete expropriation proposal by the Beneficiary of Expropriation is prepared and then submitted to the relevant municipality encompassing the project affected persons. The respective Local Government Property Department, where properties are being expropriated, then administers the expropriation process at the local level in conjunction with the Beneficiary of Expropriation. A concrete expropriation proposal is prepared for each project affected person that contains the amount of land involved, the assessment of fair value for any immovable property, the justification of the need for the specific expropriation, together with the confirmation that the scheme is included in the relevant regional andlor spatial plan. The concrete expropriation proposal also involves the Beneficiary of Expropriation arranging a Bank Guarantee with a Commercial Bank for the assessed fair value. This assessment is prepared by referring to the Cadastre Register, which provides details on the title holder, the immovable property, the type of land, and the area of the affected land. The concrete expropriation proposal also obliges the Beneficiary of Expropriation to submit a request to the Cadastre Office, Land Registry, or other public register, to prevent any transaction (Article 32) on the land to be expropriated. Under the Law, expropriation must be completed and all project affected persons are compensated in comparable land or in monetary terms, before the Building Permit (or Construction License) is issued to the contractor to mobilize and start the civil works. In the event that a project affected person (s) disagrees with the offered compensation in either form, they can resort to the judicial process, and the Beneficiary of Expropriation can request the Ministry of Finance, on an exceptional basis, for the permission to access the said plot (s) (Article 35). For any specific scheme to obtain public interest status, the Beneficiary of Expropriation is obliged to submit to the Government (through the Ministry of Finance) the feasibility study, the justification of the need for the specific expropriation, the estimated costs, the estimated land affected, and to the extent that details are available, the number of affected plots of land. The request for the designation must also document that the scheme is included in the relevant local, regional, or spatial plan. The public interest status can be granted at either national, or local, level depending on the specific Beneficiary of Expropriation, and the nature and size of the 'scheme'. The Beneficiary of Expropriation is not required to prepare a social assessment (socio-economic study) or a baseline census with regard to project affected persons. Public Enterprise "Roads o f Serbia" The Law of Expropriation also applies the followingprinciples: Acquisition and compensation principles apply to all types of rights such as ownership rights, third party rights such as lease rights, business rights, easement rights, rights of those who have been cultivating the land etc. (Law on Expropriation,Article 1). The expropriation may also include the instigation of an easement over the immovable property or a lease of the parcel of land for a specific period of time, which will be occupied temporarily and not for a period exceeding three years. The land must be restored to original condition before given back to the project affected person, with legal title (Law on Expropriation,Article 516). The Beneficiary of Expropriation shall grant to the project affected person, with any form of legal title (ownership, lease), of an affected residential building (public or private), or business premises, at his request, the equivalent right over another equivalent residential building (public or private), or equivalent business premises, in the same area or vicinity (Law on Expropriation,Article 16119). Under Article 51 of the Law on Expropriation, the Beneficiary of Expropriation can be requested by a Court Decision to offer a compensation amount in monetary terms that exceeds the assessed fair market value, as defined earlier, if other personal or family circumstances of the project affected person deem it necessary to ensure that hisfher livelihood is protected (e.g., number of family members, number of family members capable to earn a living, or number of family members who are employed, health status of family members, monthly income of the household, etc). Under Article 71 of Law on Expropriation, in the event of the administrativetransfer of land or other natural resources which are owned publically, the publically owned legal entity (ies) that hasfhave rights over the land or other natural resources shall be entitled to the compensation for the labor and the funds invested in such land, or other natural resources, and the fair value of the land if the legal entity (ies) has proof of purchase. The assessment of the investment, or the fair value, is made by the relevant accredited expert, as discussed above. The Expropriation Law and the World Bank Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OPIBP 4.12) In general, the institutional framework for expropriation in Serbia is strong and broadly compatible with the World Bank Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (hereafter OPIBP 4.12), but there are some significant exceptions. In order to fully comply with OPIBP 4.12, the following steps will need to be taken by the Beneficiary of Expropriation (Currently PEPS, on behalf of KIODOO, or in future K10D00 directly): The Beneficiary of Expropriation shall establish an independent grievance commission, comprising representation from the Beneficiary of Expropriation, the implementing entity (KIODOO), and the municipalities encompassing project affected persons, together with adequate representation of project affected persons themselves; This body should be established by the Beneficiary of Expropriation at the same time as the section specific Resettlement Action Plan for any one section (expropriation proposal under the Republic of Serbia Law on Expropriation) is sent to any Municipality encompassing project affected persons; The objective of the independent grievance commission is to provide guidanceladvice, and to deal with any complaintlgrievance associated with any expropriation or resettlement under the scheme; Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" The scope of responsibility of the independent grievance commission involves the responsibilityto mediate in any dispute on the comparability of offered agricultural land, or the assessedfair value for immovable property; The independent grievance commission has the possibility to hire, with costs covered by the Beneficiary of Expropriation, an accredited expert to review and assess the comparability of offered agricultural land, or the assessed fair value for immovable property; If the independent grievance commission determines that the offered agricultural land is not of comparable value, they can request the Beneficiary of Expropriation to pay the assessedfair value, as determined by the TaxationAdministration; If after mediation, the project affected person, offered comparable agricultural land or assessed fair value for immovable property, disputes either the comparability or the assessment of fair value, they are free to enter the judicial process in a manner consistent with the current Law on Expropriation; A social assessment (socio-economic study) of the project affected persons will be undertaken by the Beneficiary of Expropriation during the preparation of each individual section specific RAP (expropriation proposal under the Republic of Serbia Law on Expropriation). Moreover,as noted earlier, the compensation under the Republicof Serbia Law on Expropriationis determined in accordance with the prevailing market price after taking into account the value of land, cost of structures & installations, crops, trees, wells, age of crops, vineyards, and the time needed to reproduce them. The effect of the project on the value of land will not be considered while evaluating the properties. This, although comparable to the replacement cost defined under OPlBP 4.12, does not specifically mention the cost of any registration and transfer taxes. Accordingly, under this RPF, any compensation of productive land andlor property, including businesses, should include the registration cost in the Cadastre Office, or other relevant register, any administrativefees, andlor transfer taxes. The Republic of Serbia Law on Expropriation is not clear about the status and rights for those project affected persons, who currently use public or private land, but do not hold formal title. However under OPlBP 4.12, their status is clear, project affected persons, without formal title, who have been using public land or private land are entitled to compensation for any investment made on public and private land in the cost of structures and installations (under the Law on Fundamentals of Property Relations (1980, applicable from 1'' September 1980, amended 1990, and 1996) in terms of the investment made -as determined by an accredited Expert to assess the value of the materials used, crops, woods, trees, fruit bearing trees, vineyards, the age of crops and the time needed to reproducethem. These rights do not extend to individuals who commence activities, either in the form of cultivation or the construction of any immovable property, after the declaration of public interest, reflecting Public Enterprise "Roadsof Serbia" Page 13 current practice where property transactions are restricted under Article 32 of the Republic of Serbia Law on ~xpropriation.~ The declaration of public interest was made in the case of the E-75 in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia Number 78 in 2008 and in the case of the E-80 in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia Number 84 in 2008. Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 14 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3.1 Route Characteristics 3.1.IRoute Description The Basic spatial and constructive characteristics of newly designed highway are presented under this chapter. The E - 75 highway section, from Grabovnica to Levosoje, which is the southern branch of Corridor X, is divided into 5 sections: a. Grabovnica - Grdelica b. Grdelica- CariEina Dolina c. CariEina Dolina -VladiCinHan d. VladiEin Han -Donji Neradovac e. Donji Neradovac -Levosoje 3.1.2 Spatial Characteristics a) Section: Grabovnica Grdelica - The very beginning of the section lies on the left bank of the river J. Morava. In front of Mala KopaSnica, the route crosses over the existing road and railway as to enter into the valley of the Slatinska reka and Juzna Morava immediatelyafter the settlement Mala KopaSnica and to transfer its position to the right bank of the river Morava, in corridor of regional road R-214and a railroad. Immediately before the entry of Grdelica, the route is transferred to the right bank of the Juzna Morava and follows a slope of Karamanova Euka, coming close again to the main road M-I. To the end of the section,the route is located on the position of the existing road M-I. b) Section: Grdelica (Gornje Polje) - CariEina Dolina Two forms of relief are characteristic, conditioning use of appropriate elements of horizontal and vertical projection. The highway route on this section passes through two types of different topographic characteristics. Rat highway route is located on the Juzna Morava river draft; - Hilly - mountainous- with the route located in a cut or deep cut with steep slopes on the left bank of the Juzna Morava. With the beginning of the section, the route enters into Grdelica Gorge and follows the railroad Nis - Skopje, main road M-I and regional road R-214 in a parallel manner. Due to topographic and infrastructure constraints the route follows the valley and crosses the river Juzna Morava for seven times, by means of structures of different lengths. In the zone of Predejane, the highway route is located in a tunnel due to the hilly terrain in the area. c) Section: CariCina Dolina- VladiCin Han The highway route, in its first segment, crosses the right bank of the Juzna Morava and its position is between the existing main road M-I and a railroad. Then, by means of a bridge, it transfers its position to the left bank and thus bypasses the settlement Dzep. After it returns tofthe right bank of the Juzna Morava, the route passes by the "Momin Kamen" stone quarry. From thereon, the route Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 15 leaves the valley of the Juzna Morava. Topographic characteristics,from the location of leavingthe Juzna Morava channel up to going across the Vrla River, conditioneda needfor designing one long tunnel ("Manajle" - 1804m) and greater number of bridges. The route bypasses Vladicin Han through hilly - mountainous terrain from the eastern side, as to return to the valley of the Juzna Morava, i.e. in the corridor of the existing main road M-I, at the end of the section. The highway masters two wide valleys: Dzemin Dol and valley of the Vrla River by two structures. Fromthe intersectionVladicin Han, terrain conditions become significantly "milder". d) Section: VladiEin Han -Donji Neradovac The highway route is located on the right bank of the Juzna Morava and more or less follows the riverbank up to Mazaraca village. The plan is to use the route of the existing main road M-I Diverting from the route of the existing main road M-I is conditioned by proximity of town Vranje. Position of the route that was accepted was requested by its going over the railroad JZ by bridges on two locations. The highway route descends into the Juzna Morava valley and passes near a dyke. After the second going over the railroad, by its remaining length to the end, the route is positioned in parallel with the railroad. At the very 'end of the section, the route goes back to corridor of the existing road M-I. e) Section: Donji Neradovac- Levosoje The route for the section from D. Neradovacto Levosoje is located in the area of Bujanovac basin, that is, in the area of one part of the Juzna Morava valley. For the shorter segment, it is located in the area of valley of the Presevska Moravica - Presevo basin. In the zone of highway route, terrain is hilly and flat. At beginning of the section, the designed route mostly cuts roots of the slopes. In continuation, the route is situated on the slopes, while partly it is located in the alluvial plain of the Juzna Morava and in the end in alluvial plain of the PresevskaMoravica. 3.1.3 Construction characteristics Geometrical cross-sectionof the highway for design speed of 100 kmlh: Driving lanes 4 h 3.50 m = 14.00 m Emergency lanes 2 x 2.50 m = 5.00 rn Marginal strips 2 x (0.35 m+0.20 m) = 1.10 m Total pavement = 2x10.05m Verge 1x 3.00(4.00= m = 3.00(4.00) rn Earth shoulder 2 x 1.00 m = 2.00 m TOTAL 25.10(26.10) m Geometrical cross-section of the highway for design speed of 120 kmth: Driving lanes Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 16 Emergency lanes 2 x 2.50 rn = 5.00 m Marginal strips 2 x (0.50 rn+0.20 m) = 1.40 m Total pavement = 2x10.70m Verge 1x 4.00 rn = 4.00 m Earth shoulder 2 x 1.50(1.00)m = 3.00 (2.00) rn TOTAL 28.40 (27.40) rn Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 17 -- ----- Table 3-1 Construction characteristics of E-75 highway Grabovnica Levosoje - Design speed Vr (kmlh) 120 100 100/ 120 120 100 / 120 Horizontal curve radius, min. Imax. 750 I 2 500 450 I3 000 450 I 1 600 750 I 5 000 750 I 4 000 450 15 000 applied (m) - - Longitudinal grade, 0.2 / 2.60 0.0 / 5.00 0.2 / 3.50 0.15 13.50 0.0 / 4.00 0.0 / 5.00 min./max. applied (%) - - - total width of roadbed 25.10 / 26.10 1 28,40 26.10 27.40 27.40 25.10 28.40 - (m) 1 28.40 open and closed open and closed drainage concept open system open system open system open system system system retentions, number 1 1 i Public Enterprise "Roads o f Serbia" Page 18 Section: Section: Grdelica Section: CariEina Section: Highway E-75 Grabovnica - (Gornje Polje) - Dolina - VladiEinvladi~in Han - DO,,,^ ~~~~d~~~~- Grabovnica Grdelica CariEina Dolina Han Donji Neradovac Levosoje Levosoje - - Grdelica VladiEin Han Vranje Bujanovac delevelled crossroads 5 (Y-junction) (Y-junction) (Y-junction) (Y-junction) underpasses AP, 2 1 3 number overpasses, number 2 12 Bridges, number 6 15 13 25 10 69 Total length. - 943.92 1 778.0 2 721.92 left (m) -= V) - a , ' Total length. 1 112.41 1 804.2 2 916.61 right(m) Galleries, number 2 3 2 gas stations / 1 1 1 1 / 2 maintenance 2 motels (Han and centres highway Vranje) rest area with gas Supportingfacilities 3 gas stations "::nance - - station , mote,s highway maintenance 3 lay-bys Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 19 3.2 Geographical position The designed section of the highway, from Grabovnica to Levosoje, represents one of the most important traffic corridors in the Serbian traffic system, since it connects the most significant social and economic centres of the northern and southern part of the Republic.At the same time, it represents part of E-75 highway Belgrade- Nis -Macedonian border, road which is a branch of the trans-European main road (TEM) and which connects European and Balkan countries. For most of its part, the route is located in the corridor of existing road M-I, i.e. it goes through the valleys of the rivers Juzna Morava and Presevska Moravica. By its entire length, the route is located in the region of Juzno Pomoravlje. In the wider sense, Juzno Pornoravlje embraces basin of the Juzna Morava, while speaking more precisely, it represents valley region. This region is comprised of the old block mountains, several depressionsand composite valley of the Juzna Morava. Meridian stretched sub-region,where the highway route is located, is comprised of composite valley of the Juzna Morava, downstream parts of which are Vranje basin, Grdelica gorge, Leskovac basin and basin of the Presevska Moravica - Presevska kotlina. This natural direction of the northeast orientation represents bothold and new corridor of roads and railroadsto Greece and the Middle East. The prospective E-75 highway is located in the valley of the Juzna Morava and follows the river flow, transferring its positionfrom the left to the right riverside. The route crosses through different morphological forms -Leskovac basin, Vranje basin, Presevo basin and Grdelica gorge. Grdelica gorge is one of the biggest gorges in Serbia (30 km long and 550 m wide). In the north, it is connectedto Leskovac basin, while in the south it borders on Vranje basin and it represents the shortest connection between the Danube and Vardar. Vranje basin is stretchedin the SW - NE direction;it is 30 km long and 6 km wide. Rodopi (old block mountains) limits composite valley of the Juzna Morava. Mountainous massif is comprised of Kukavica (1 441 m), Grot (1 323 m) and Oblik in the west and KruSevica, Cemernik (1 638 m), Vardenik (1 875 m) eastwardly. Drainage pattern is varied and belongs to the Juzna Moravariver basin. The main water flow is the Juzna Mora (343 km) with its tributaries. 3.3 Social Aspects From the aspect of organization, arrangement and use of territory of the Republic of Serbia, the basic goal is to achieve more even territorial division of population and intensificationof its reproduction, i.e. increase of share of the young in emigration areas and areas with high index of ageing. Realization of this goal is achievable by combined, adjusted measures of demographic policy and policy of regional development in the field of two fundamental components of demographic development(biodynamicsand migration). Achievement of objectives of development and network organization is conditioned by directions of development and distribution of economic and social activities in the wider surroundingarea. One of the most important problems is stagnation in number of inhabitants in the central and southern corridor segment. The route of the E-75 highway goes through several municipalities of Jablanica and Pcinj district: Leskovac, Vladicin Han, Vranje, Bujanovac and Presevo in the southern part of Serbia. For municipalities subject to E-75 highway route, forecasts are that all municipalities would suffer very small decrease of total number of inhabitants, what would be a limiting Public Enterprise "Roads 01 Serbia" Page 21 factor for more intensive economic development initialled by the project implementation in these municipalities. According to the Spatial Plan of Serbia in regards to the contents, structure and size of gravitationalzone, 6 levels of centreswill be defined: macro-regionalcentre - NiS (235159 inhabitants) regionalcentres Leskovac (156252 inhabitants)and Vranje (87288 inhabitants) - bigger urban centres with developed structure of activities and complex structure of services- VladiEin Han, Bujanovac and PreSevo. Population projections per municipalities subject to E-75 highway construction are part of projections prepared for the whole territory of Serbia. These projections were completed for the purpose of enactment of the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia, while in this particular case they were prepared to cover a period until 2021. Projections for growth of population in municipalities where E-75 is to be constructed were prepared based on analysis of previous demographic growth in municipalities, as well as hypothesis made in regards to fertility, mortality and migrations. The assumptions are that the abovementioned municipalitieswould have steadfast migration balance in the complete projected period. Based on these hypotheses and the expected positive movements in social-economic development for the period until 2021, perspectives are that these municipalities would suffer vey small decrease of total number of inhabitants per average annual rate of 0.06%. According to these projections, increase of total number of inhabitants is expected in municipalities Leskovacand Vranje, while depopulationis continued in other municipalities. Road construction can improve communication of less developed settlements with economically more developed urban centres such as VladiEin Han, Vranje, Vranjska Banja and Bujanovac. Renting potentials would grow, causing positive social and economic effects for locals. On the other side, existence of the highway near settlements can reduce intensity of use of some inhabited zones and activities (due to noise, big traffic intensity, greater number of transit passengers) and thus influence modification of allocation of land with reduction in value of the land and owner's profit. Presence of the highway in municipalities would partly disturb development of villages and endanger functional connections betweencertain parts of settlements. Positionof the highway at the very border of constructed urban settlement would be a limitation for further development of functions stated for that specific direction. On the other hand, by construction of the highway, and especially of parallel connections (regional road R-214), due to better accessibility and shortening of travel time, it can be expected that life conditions would improve and renting potentials for structures increase for settlements positioned on the route of highway. By construction of supporting structures,gas stations, lay-bys, service stations and motels, a need for employment of locals would increase simultaneously with development of consumer goods market, generally abetting total economic development of the district where the highway is located. In the wider area of research, there are villages with relatively small number of population, growth of which is constantly decreasing. Although a key activity of locals is agriculture,data indicate that number of people actively involved in agricultural production in comparison to total number of inhabitants reduces drastically. This analysis shows that populationcapable of Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 22 active working is more directed towards the closest economic and urban centres. Therefore, construction of this road would benefit to traffic connections and thus enable greater accessibility to the mentionedtown centres for the population. Stimulation of growth of smaller towns for reaching bigger concentration of population would decrease pressure of population on bigger centres and consequently would be one of conditions for development of more quality structure of relevant functions in these centres, improvementof the total urban situation and solving of communal problems. Public Enterprise "Roads ofSerbia" 4. BASELINE DATA 4.1 Geology and soil 4.1.I Soil Characteristics The soil within the analyzed area belongs to classes of fluviatile and fluvio-glacial soils. In most cases, these are azonal soil types, their development and production are on different levels, which is caused by different periods of flooding, undisturbed pedo-genetic processes, various drifted material. The specific characteristics of these soils are: The soil receives water from three sources mainly: atmosphere sediments, flooding waves and underground waters, The dynamics of the watering depends on the seasonal fluctuationwhich is in a direct relation to the river levels The mobility of undergroundwaters yields more oxygen to the soil Floodingwaters drift suspended materials which is deposited in the fields and creates accumulations of soil materials. . The largest part of the analyzed area belongs to a soil type called fluvisol or simply alluvial soil whereon ephemeral herbaceous vegetation and flooding shrubbery of grey willow (Salix cinerea) grow, as well as woods belonging to Salici -Populetum type. The soil in the planes and on the hilly terrains belongto the class called smonica and metamorphosedsmonica. Alluvial drifts in the valley of the South Morava river have a high agricultural value. Their morphological, physical and chemical characteristics give advantageous conditions for the development of agricultural cultures. This soil in the analyzed highway area for the most part belongs to the second class of agricultural land. The group of soils in the hilly and mountainous area includes the acid brown soil and para- podzol soil. The acid brown soil is connected with silicate rocks (sandy, clayey, mica, phyllite, acid eruptive rocks) and it represents a home for different forest communities (beech, beech- fir tree, red fir and oak tree forests). The development of acid brown soil is in the direction of para-podzol soils which are very common in our mountainous areas. In many cases, these are better than the acid brown soils they have developed from. Namely, the higher level of acidity and a low level of basis are not a hindrancefor certain olygotrophicforest types which flourish in such conditions (juniper and white pine). 4.1.2 Relief - Geomorphological Features and Catchment Area 4.1.2.1 Geomorphological Features of the Terrain The area which is the subject of the analysis belongs to South Serbia and morphologically it includesthe terrain which is marked by hilly-mountainousand plane relief. The route of the highway E-75, in more or less all its parts, goes along alluvial and terraced ledges of the South Morava river and its larger tributaries on the terrain altitude of 294 to 310 mnm. The slopy parts of the terrain usually are slanted 5 Oto 25O. Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 24 The modern Relief of the analyzed area and its morphological forms have been created in a cooperation of specific geological materials and intensive erosion, and beside tectonic movements,these have had a crucial influence on the process of their creation. The most remarkable morphological form in the relief of the analyzed area is the Grdelica canyon whose creation was related to the influence of many different factors through a long period of time. Duringthe lake phase in the basins,the Grdelica canyon did not have the form it has today. In that period, above the today canyon, there was a kind of strait connecting Vranjsko and Leskovacko lakes. The relief forms which were created in the Grdelica canyon through the erosion of the above said strait, and through a subsequent outlet of the lake and finally the South Morava river exist in the form of terraces, capes and terracedflooded soil. Above the Grdelica canyon (1100 - 1200 mnm) a large valley of the cclake straits)) is located. There are river terraces in the canyon which correspond to the lake terraces of the basin. Fans of flooded terraces are situated on the confluences of big tributaries, and the South Morava river has carved terraces tall more than 10 meters In them, and the tributaries themselves carved in terraces in their flooded grounds. The tributaries of the South Morava river mostly flow through canyon valleys and have a big vertical fall and a huge mechanic power. Two of the most frequent creations of vertical erosion are gullies and ravines which represent deep erosion carves of different lengths and widths with very steep and unstable sides wherefrom material is constantly falling. Their appearance is connectedwith the slopes covered in several layers of material. The final two parts of the route of the Nis-FYRM border highway are dominated by the Vranjska basin which is situated in the SW-NE direction and which was created by radial tectonic movements in the slate and magma complexes of the Rodopian mass. Tectonically and morpho-structurally speaking, the terrain is situated on the western part of the Serbian-Macedonianmass where a Neogene depression is superposed - this depression is Vranjski trench which lies in SW-NE direction and with the denuded surface of the alluvion of the South Morava and Presevska Moravica rivers. The alluvial area of the Presevska Moravica river is 300 - 500 rn wide, and the one of the South Morava river is about 1 500 - 2 000 m wide, and it reaches a width of 3500 m near Bujanovac (where the Binacka Morava and the Presevska Moravica rivers create the South.Morava river). This alluvion is bordered by offshoots of Velja Glava (in the North) and Rujan (in the South) mountains. Catchment Area The main characteristic of the hydrography of the area where the subject highway is located is the valley of the South Morava river. From the very beginning of the E-75 highway part Grabovnica-Grdelicathe South Morava river meanders in its very vicinity, the newly projected route touches it in several places and it even crosses it in two places (at km 869 + 430.00 and km 870 + 806.00). All tributaries are more or less vertical on the flow of the South Morava river and they are mostly torrential with wide proluvial fans near the confluence with the main recipient.The more important tributaries to the South Morava river in this part of the route are: the Slatina river, the Kopasnicki brook, the Vojnicki brook, the Manastirska river and the Oraovacki brook. Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 25 Along the highway part between Gornje Polje and Caricina Valley, the main tributaries to the South Morava river are the Predejanska and Caricina rivers. Between the Caricina Valley and the town of Vladicin Han, the analyzed area includes the zone of confluence of the more important left tributaries: Seliska, Vircina, Katiceva valley, Seliste, Dzemin Dol valley and the Vrla river. Also, the highway route is crossed by a number of unnamed brooks, as well as numerous slopes wherefrom surface waters flow towards the route of the future highway. In the part of the highway between Vladicin Han and the town of Donji Neradovac, there are occasional and permanent waterways which drain surface waters off the newly formed terrains of the Vranjska basin and its hills, and off the crystalline slates and the Bujanovac granite mass which exist on the verges of the newly formed basins.All tributaries are more or less vertical onto the flow of the South Morava river and they are mostly torrential with wide proluvial fans near the confluence with the main recipient.The more important right tributaries to the South Morava river are: the Bresnicka,Vrbovska, Jelasnicka and Dekutinska rivers,and the left tributaries are the Jovacka and Lepenicka rivers. The potential of surface waters inthe part of the E-75 highway between Donji Neradovac and Levosoje is reflected primarily in the rivers South Morava and Presevka Moravica. Their tributaries are the Neradovacka,Davidovacka,Bogdanovacka and Bujanovackarivers. 4.1.3 Geological Structure Regarding the geological structure, the analyzed area on the route of the highway parts between Grabovnica and Levosoj consists of metamorphic, magma and sediment rocks of different age. The metamorphic rocks (Serbian-Macedonian mass) are the oldest mass in this area. They occur as crystalline slate in the Vlasina complex (belonging to the Refay-Cambrium era). Slates occur in various forms, which often appear intermittently on a small area. In general, metamorphic rocks of the analyzed area are distinctly slaty, and tectonically are very damaged, broken and pleated. Magma rocks are also very common and represented by granite dacite and andesite rocks and their tuffs. On the analyzed area different sedimentary rocks have been registered belonging to Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary periods. Due to tectonic movements the Serbian-Macedonian mass has been divided in blocks and some of them have sunk lower forming thus tertiary basins. These basins have been filled with clastic sediments: conglomerates, sandstones, dolostones, limestones, clays and some smaller layers of tuff, coal and shale. According to their genetic origin, these are volcanic sediments and metamorphic rocks (Eocene) and lake sediments (Miocene, Miopliocene and Pliocene). The tertiary basin was followed by occasional stronger activities whose products were numerous andesite-dacite seams. The Quaternary sediments make the surface part of the terrain and according to their genesis they belong to: alluvial sediments (gravel-sand-clay),deluvial sediments (clay-silt-sandwith a different percent of rubble material) and proluvial sediments (gravel-sand-clay).The situation and the thickness of Quaternary sediments is quite different in different areas. The alluvial river drifts fill the beds of most of river and brook valleys, as well as the topographically lowest parts of the terrain. Morava's drifts have different granulometric Public Enterprise "Roads o f Serbia" Page 26 structure, which depends on the fall and the width of the river and on the material brought in by some of the tributaries. The alluvial drifts mostly consist of sand, large-grainsand and fine- grain gravel. The proluvial drift is not so common and it is mostly located on the verges of river and brook valleys. It is of distinctly uneven structure, it is not well-pressed and folded. It consists mostly of gravel and sand, but blocks, pebbles and rubbleare also present. The deluvial drifts in the sedimentary terrains exist in the form of gravelly-sandyclays, and the terrains built of crystalline slate consist mostly of rubble, i.e. Scaly, sandy-clayey soil. These drifts have been noticed on most of the slopes and at their foot. Intensive surface decomposition of the rocks, especially of crystalline slate and sediments, gives a lot of material for their creation. The deluvial drifLs reach a thickness of more than 10 m and in the hilly parts of the terrain these are only surfaces which can be cultivated. Co-alluvial drifts have been registered in terrains built from crystalline slates first of all. They have been created by the movement, primarily by sliding, of thick zones of decomposed crystalline slate which are made of rubble which was not evenly interspersed by clay. The thickness of these drifts is mostly between 5 and 10 meters, and in some places even more. 4.1.4 Hydrogeological Features of Bedrock Hydro-geological characteristics of the rock masses and terrains depend on the geological characteristics: lythological rock types, the percent of tectonic and exogenous damage and the hypsometricposition in relation to the erosive bases. The lythological structure clearly shows that the zone of the projected highway route includes mostly rock masses of intergranular porosity and, in fewer cases, of intergranular-fissureand fissure porosity. According to these facts, the following rock categories have been determined according to their hydro-geologicalfunctions: Permeable rockswith intergranular,intergranular-fissureand fissure porosity. Accordingto the permeability, highly-permeable, medium-permeable and low-permeability rocks have been defined. The category of highly-permeablerocks includes alluvial sandstones and gravel in the valleys which represent the most significant waterway area along the analyzed highway route. They are very common in the area of Vranjska basin, where the thickness of the gravel and sand sediments reaches 4 8 m with a semi-permeable overlying seam which is 2.5 - 4.0 m thick. - The filtration quotients are within kf= 1.2 - 6.0 x m/s limits, and the effective porosity is p = 0.22 - 0.26. In the hydro-geological sense, alluvial sediments represent a distinctly two- layered environment: highly-permeable sandstones and gravels represent the watering environmentand overlying alevrites and alevrite clays representthe semi-permeableoverlying seam with the average filtration quotient of k, = 1.0 x 10-7m/s and the effective porosity of 1 = 0.1. The medium-permeable rocks, which include terraced sandy gravels, which have a higher or lower amount of clay in them, are situated mostly on the right bank of the South Morava river. They lie on the verge of the alluvion as morphologically distinct plateaus elevated above the erosive basis for about 5 - 6 m, and sometimes 10 - 12 m, or fragmentary on the verge of the Neogene depression of the Vranjska basin. The thickness of all rock masses is 2 - 4 m, permeability is inhomogeneous, and the filtration quotient is within k, = 5 x - 1 x los4m/s Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 27 range, and the effective porosity is p = 0.14 - 0.16. In the overlying parts of this complex the permeabilityis identical like in the alluvial sediments. The low-permeability rock masseswhich are common on the sloped parts of the terrain or are partly flooded over the terraced and alluvial sediments makethe deluvial, proluvial-alluvial and proluvial sediments of heterogeneous material structure. They are made of rubble, gravel, sandstones, alevrite and clay. Impermeable rock masses made of dolostones, dolostone and bentonite clay and lignite belonging to the Torton period are practically impermeable environment with the filtration quotient of k, = 1 x mls. Certain isolated sandy circles within this complex represent closed watered parts. Hydrogeologicalcomplexes are not so common, but they have been registeredon the verges of the Vranjska basin as a part of Neogene sediments.This category includes sediments from the Pliocene and Miopliocene periods, as well as pyroclasts, products of volcanic activities. Sandstones from the Pliocene period are intermittent with clay, dolostone, bentonite clay and coal and they all represent a hydrogeological complex wherein sandstone is the watered environmentwhereas other lythologicalmembersfunction as semi-permeableor impermeable overlying or underlying layers. The permeabilityof sandstones is quite uniform and k,= 5 x 10- mls, whereas the effective porosity is p = 0.11 - 0.14. Pliocenesediments are common along the highway route on the left valley of the South Morava river from the town of Rakovac to Mostanica. Miopliocene complex represented by weakly connected conglomerates, sandstones and a gravely-sandy series, also is completely included in this category because clay, dolostones and limestones which are interstratified in this complex represent the impermeable overlying or underlying layers. Filtration quotient is within kf = 1 x 10.' - 5 x mls range and the effective porosity is p = 0.II- 0.14. Pyroclastites, tuff, tufites, volcanic breccia and aglomerites located on the left bank of the South Morava are in general rock masses of low permeability. The underground waters regime depends on the regime of the South Morava river flow and it has a hydraulic connection to it. The watering environments where larger or more numerous accumulations of underground waters have been created -the so-called springs are: Watering environments of intergranular porosity with compact springs: Sediments of gravel, sand and clay of modern alluvials and terraces; Deluvial, proluvial and deluvial - proluvial clayey-sandy rubble and clayey-sandy gravels; Sandstones from Pliocene, weakly connected sandstones and conglomerates, gravels and miopliocene sandstones; Pyroclasts,tuff and volcanic breccia . Watering environments of fissure and fissure - karst porosity with scattered springs: Tertiary volcanites -dacite, andesite and quartzlatites; Dolomite limestones from the younger cretaceous period. Compact sprinqs Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 28 In the river and river-lake sediments in the valley of the South Morava river as a two-layered watering environment, subarteske were formed, and in certain parts of the alluvion, there are free springs. They represent the most numerous underground water accumulation in the analyzed area. These springs are used as water supplies of larger settlements. In order to supply the town of Vladicin Han with water, two springs have been formed in the alluvium of the South Morava river: "Suva Moravaci" Cwhose capacity is Q = 40 Ils and "Kurjak (Wolf) whose capacity is Q = 26 I/s. These springs are approximately 500 600 m - distant from the projected highway route. The overlying permeable layer is very thin (up to 3 m), so the natural protectionfrom direct pollution is negligible. The springs in the sandy gravel of river terraces do not cover a large area and are submerged or free. These springs are fed mostly with water from precipitation infiltration, and are emptied through evapo-transpiration and outlet of underground waters on the border of the watering environments and alluvial planes. These springs have a small capacity, mostly lower than Q = 0.05 I/s and most of them are used as local water suppliers. Springs in the deluvial, proluvial and deluvial -proluvial sediments mostly cover a small area and are limitedto the parts of the terrain betweenthe permanent and occasional brooks. They are fed by precipitation infiltration, which, due to a low permeability of this watering environment, can completely make up for the water deficit incurred by water outflow through numerous springs. Springs are located on' the border of the watering environment and the basic rock mass which have not suffered any surface decomposition yet. The capacity of these springs is small. The use of these springs for water supply has only local significance and it boils down to supplying certain farming estates with water. The springs in the Mioplioceneand Pliocene sediments have little water, but in the parts of the terrain where there are sandy layers, waterways of small capacity and a limited outflow duration can occur. The springs in pyroclastites,tuffs, tuffites and volcanic breccia cover a small area, they are on a free level and climatic regime. Scattered springs Several smaller scattered springs have been created in the Tertiary volcanites - dacite, andesite and quartzlatites. Considering the area covered by these rock masses and their permeability, they have no significance whatsoever for the water supply, neither do they have any influence on the geo-technical characteristics of the terrain. 4.1.5 Recent Exodynamic P r o c e s s e s and Phenomena One very significant characteristic of the area of the E-75 highway route is the existence of very intensive exodynamic processes, which occur as surface decomposition, erosion and ravinization, as well as sliding and crumbling. The processes of surface decomposition are present on the entire area, and the thickness of the decomposed part depends primarily on the age and the lythological structure of the rock masses, and then on the intensity of external influences as well. Since crystalline slates are the oldest rocks in this area, they have suffered greatest changes of their physical characteristics. The decomposition zone in the crystalline slates in the Grdelica canyon is 10 m thick on average. The overlying zone whose thickness is 1 - 3 m is mostly made of clayey Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 29 rubble, whereas the percent of clay decreases with the increase of the depth, and the size of the basic rocky mass grows and changesfrom rubbleto blocks. The decomposition of magma rocks has a different intensity and this has mostly been caused by their different age. Dacites in Momin Kamen are very fresh, and in the overlying zone are more crushed, whereas they are separated into large blocks by fissures on greater depths. Surface erosion and line erosion processes are especially obvious in the Grdelica canyon. Relatively steep slopes of the terrain lead to a transformation of a uniform erosion to a concentration of atmospheric precipitation into water jets which destroy and carry the soil away. These waterjets becomegullies and ravines whose thickness can reach up to 20 m. The South Morava river has a total of 2092 torrential tributaries, whose genesis belongs to different hydrographic classes of the torrential waterways family. Outbursts of the torrential waterways have been so frequent in the past, especially in the area of the Grdelica canyon, that many consider this area as a world torrential phenomenon. Ravines are the most common in the area of the Grdelica canyon, where 200 of them have been registered. They are partly repaired by dykes after catastrophictorrents. Sliding and crumbling processes are also relatedto the area of the Grdelica canyon, and they mostly occur in case of semi-connected loose material. The highest number of landslides have been registered in the area covered in crystalline slate in the valley of the South Morava and the Kozanicka rivers between the Grdelica canyon and the town of Vladicin Han. Landslides have been registered in the valley of the South Morava river in the valleys of rivers, brooks and ravines which flow into it and along their very banks, whereas slidingterrain away from the waterways does not occur so frequently. The most common are the old, currently calmed Landslides, and special attention has to be given to sliding areas "Susevlje" and "Kopitarce"near Dzep. The seismic characteristics of the terrain represents a parameter which is very important for the analysis of possible negative effects both onto the geological (natural) and the technical (roads, buildings, facilities) environment. The term seismic characteristics includes, in our case, an analysis of the seismic hazard and the seismic risk. The seismic hazard includes the study of kinematics and dynamics of earthquake occurrences, i.e. of their intensity on the very surface of the terrain, whereas analyses of the seismic risks include an assessment of the level of jeopardy a certain building is in and this is expressed in terms of possible small or grave damage. The area of this part of the Balkans peninsula represents a seismically very active area. It's a part of the Mediterranean-trans-Asian seismic belt. The seismic hazard has been assessed on the basis of the available Seismological map of Yugoslavia whose scale is 1 : 1 000 000, and the probability of the assessed events to happen of 63 n, with the return period of 50, 100, 200, 500, 1 000 and 10 000 years. According to these maps, the wider area of analysis belongs to the following zones of seismic intensity (Table 4-1). Table 4-1 Seismic intensity of the analyzed area Seismic level on the MKS scale -- Returnperiod &e!rs) (O) -----.-__p Public Enterprise6'Roadsof Serbia" Page 30 Seismic level on the MKS scale (O) --Returnperiod (yea* 50 6,7 and 8 100 6,7 and 8 200 6,7 and 8 500 8 and 9 1 000 8 and 9 10 000 8 and 9 According to the maps of seismic regions, the analyzed area belongs to complex terrains where quakes of 7, 8 and 9' MKS are possible. The seismic activities of these areas depend on different geological, geotechnical, hydrogeological, engineering - geological and geo - morphological factors. Seismic activities are especially increased along different geo-tectonic units, large depressions, on unstable terrains which are jeopardized by active Landslides and terrains flooded by undergroundand surfacewaterways. An especially important influence on the increase of the intensity of seismic quakes have had areas with a distinctly different relief and areas jeopardized by engineering - geological processes (sliding). Due to the existence of large sliding areas, during the earthquakes the seismic level has been increased and a number of buildings built on this unstable terrain have collapsed. This did not happen only during catastrophic earthquakes, but after strong quakes which were quite distant from this area. The seismic characteristics'of the terrain and possible increase in seismic, emphasize that, when building something in the entire area, all rules of a-seismic building have to be followed, and this requires further detailed seismic analyses for all the buildings which are built as an investment. 4.1.7 Material sources Soil degradation, in terms of an influence on the environment, includes several different processes out of which special importance is given to the occurrences of landslides and rock falls, erosion, soil permeability change, possible worsening of soil characteristics in a wider area, soil degradation due to using an area as a source of construction materials, soil degradation due to depot forming, as well as due to other influences, which can have a greater or smaller importance in the given conditions. When building a road, the influence of various factors on the soil (its degradation) is primarily reflected in the needs for the transport of a large amount of construction materials, as well as in the need for starting material sources or depots. In these specific conditions, the soil degradation might occur if a material source or a deposit is started. It has been calculated that excessive material will be generated during construction, due to digging out of tunnels, and carving into hillsides for large parts of the new road and that it will be necessary to form deposits, if possible, on the route and in its vicinity. The area which appeared after the correction of the water bed of the South Morava river (km 887 + 800 to km 888 + 250), could be used as a depot of excessive materials, as well as the area alongthe old inundated plateaus of the waterway bearing its name. Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 31 These deposits should be preparedaccordingto a site specific plan, and if such areas are not converted for any specific purpose,they should be landscapedand plantedlwoodedand fertile soil imported. Also, a part of the excessive materialcan be deposited in ravines,which are currently eroding the foot of slopes causing local instability, which can undermine the future highway. These sites require stabilisation and provision of piped drainage and other geotechnical considerations as necessary. Regardless to the excessive material which occurs due to a huge lack of uniformity between the carving in and the trench, it will be necessaryto compensate for the quality stone material and the natural aggregate built in during the constructionof the highway E-75. Quarry "Momin kamen" can be used for this purpose (about km 890 + 900), a stone mine which is in the very vicinity of the highway route. In general borrow pits and quarries are well regulated by authorities in the country. Sand and stone, which are used a quality materials for dyke and basis construction, can be taken from the accumulated alluvial material associated with the South Morava river, but not directly from the river or riparian habitats. As an alternative to these sandy gravels, fresh re- crushed green shale could be used in order to save the natural resources (see also Section 5.2). During the designs to date efforts have been made to achieve an optimum material balance, by re-using material (from tunnels and cuttings) in new embankments or as sub base. Table 4-2 gives informationon the material balancefor the sections of highway. Table 4-2 Material quantities 1. Grabovnica- Grdelica 327000 2. Grdelica (Gornje 836000 I 1 Polje) - Caricina 1 I . I I Dolina 3. Caricina Dolina - 768000 Vladicin Han 4. Vladicin Han - Donji 1682000 Neradovac 5. Donji Neradovac - 423000 394000 Levosoje 4.2 Air 4.2.1 Basic Climatic Characteristics The wide area around the projected highway route has the moderately continental climate. This is particularly obvious in the valley of the South Morava river and on its verges. The characteristics of this climate are mild summers, cold winters with a lot of precipitation and PublicEnterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 32 clearly marked transitory periods, with an especially long autumn. There is little precipitation during the summer, but wind circulation is strong. The average annual air temperature for the period between 1931and 1970 was 8 - 1 0 ~ and 10 - 1 4 ' ~in the South Morava river valley. c The average annual temperature amplitude is 20 22'~.The average number of cold days - when air temperaturegoes below O'C is between 30 and 70 days. The Grdelica canyon has a climate which is somewhere between moderately continental and Mediterranean climate,with certain peculiarities conditioned by its geographic position, and especially its orographic (topographicallyinduced rain) and hydrographic characteristics. Precipitation characteristicson the analyzed area will be important for basic analysesof water pollution, and wind characteristicswill be necessary for the needs of quantification of air and soil pollution. The influence of other climatic parameters on specific spatial conditionswill be interesting for the analyses of possible micro-climatic changes caused by the construction of the highway. There are no recorded data for the wind in the analyzed area along the projected highway route, so, in order to define the basic characteristics of the wind in the wider area of the future highway route, we analyzed the wind data recorded at the nearest meteorological station in the period between 1946 and 1996. A note has been made that data on certain meteorological occurences are often interrupted, and some meteorological parameters are missing. For all available series, characteristic values of the consideredmeteorological parameters are given in the following tables. Climatic parameters have been given in the table (Table 4-3) as well as a review of the basic wind directions and their average speed (Table 4-4). Public Enterprise "Roads o f Serbia" Table 4-3 Climatic parameters on the route of the future highway E-75, part Grabovnica Levosoje- Preciwitation Average Meteorological annual air Average value of the Insolation inAverage annual value of air station temperature sum of precipitation Average date of the Average date of the hoursper day for several years first snowfall last snowfall humidity (%a) (OC) (mm) --- Grdelica 6.5- 109 601 - 911 6.64 75.9 - 78.5 Predejane , 10.3 786 4 - 11.12 21.03 65 - 70 Vladicin Han 8 12.7 - 606 - 911 - Vranje 10.9 615.1 12.12. 22.03. 5.73 71.7 Bujanovac 10.8 624.5 the data are from the Climate Atlas, SHMI, as well as the data of the RHMl Table 4-4 Meteorologicalstation Leskovac, Predejane, Ku~avicaand Vranje Meteor. I Wind direction N NE E SE S SW W NW no wind Station frequency (%) 12.0 2.6 4.0 6.0 9.8 5.6 3.8 8.2 48.1 Leskovac - strength(mls) 3.0 1.4 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.6 Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 34 4.2.2 Applicable Standards The potential negative effects of certain air pollutants and the potential interaction of the effects on man, plants, animals and materials are especially important for the passing of regulations which govern this issue. The effort to reduce air pollution to acceptable limits by administrative measures has resulted in the passing of the Regulations on Limit Values, Pollution Concentration Measurement Methods, Criteria for Determining Measuring Points and Data Recording (Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 54/92 and No. 19/06) which prescribe pollution concentration limit values (Table 4-54, episodic air pollution and systematic methods for the measuring of pollution concentrations, criteria for determining measuring points and the method of data recording. Table 4-5 Mean annual limit values of pollution concentrations represent MAC (Maximum Allowable Concentrations) Carbon Monoxide Pb 7max. 0.01 Sulfur Dioxide mean 0.05 0.03 .so2 0.15 Solids mean 0.05 0.03 PMIO max. 0.15 0.05 Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 36 4.2.3 Current State of Pollution There are no significantconcentratedsources of air pollution.The regional highway M - 1Belgrade -Skopje, regional road R - 214 and the railway SZ Nis -Presevo-border with the FYRM are the line sourced of pollution which might cause an increase in the concentration of air pollutants. The data on the measured levels of air pollution along the analyzed route are not available. There is an assumption that the planned highway will become the dominant line air pollutant in the observed areas, due to its predominantly rural nature. 4.3 Noise Noise, as one of the more significant influences in this type of project, is defined by local legislation and standards: Law on EnvironmentalProtection(Official Gazette of RS No. 135104) Law on EnvironmentalProtection ((Official Gazette of RS Nos.. 66/91, 83/92, 53/93, 67/93, 48/94, 53/95) Regulationon Allowed EnvironmentNoise Levels (Official Gazette of RS No.54) JUS U.J6.090 and JUS U.J6.205standards. Standards for noise and air quality are given in Appendix F. Regulation on Allowed Environment Noise Levels provides for allowed noise level within the environment inhabited by man, methods of noise measuring, more detailed requirements to be met by professionalnoise measuring organizationsas well as the contents of the document for sources of noise used. Allowed noise levels have been defined by JUS U.J6.205 standard. Report on preformed measuring and measuring methodshave been defined by JUS U.J6.090 standard. There are no data on the existing noise levels for the analyzed area of the highway E-75 Grabovnica - Levosoje, and no subsequent measuring have been performed. Highways, as line objects, cover a large area for analysis, so evidencing of the current noise levels is quite difficult. Organization of such measuring would demand a significant investment of financial means, time and effort, and the assessment is that, after the highway is built,traffic noisewill be dominant. The current traffic noise level within the analyzed area along the highway route is is marked by the traffic on the regional highway M - 1 Belgrade -Skopje, regional road P - 214 Nis - Skopje and the railway SZ Nis -Presevo-borderwith FYRM. A conclusion can be drawn that, after the newly projected highway is open for use, itwill becomethe dominant noise source in the study area. Maps of noise that show noise levels in the existing conditions are given in the Appendix E. 4.4 Ecology 4.4.1 Ecosystems and protected natural resource protection There are several categories of protected natural resources in Serbia: National park -a larger area with the natural ecosystems of high value in terms of preservation, complex structure of bio-geographical characteristics, with various forms of indigenous flora and fauna, representative physico-geographical objects and phenomena and cultural-historical values, representing a natural unit of national importance; Public Enterprise "Roads o f Serbia" Nature park - an area of well preserved elements, such as: water, 'air, soil, natural ecosystems. Nature reserve and Special nature reserve - original or slightly modifiedpart of nature, with very specific cdmposition and characteristicsof plant and animal communities. Natural monument Landscapeof outstanding qualities Structure and composition of ecosystems in the study area are defined by presence of river watercourses and surrounding reliefs. Forms of reliefs range from plateaus close to the watercourses to milder or steeper slopesthat surround them. On both sides, river valleys are limited by a hilly terrain. In the natural condition, the valleys were overgrown by hydrophilic (water-loving) plants, while surrounding hilly slopes were covered by Hungarian Oak and Turkey Oak, as well as their transitional forms. However, under anthropogenic influences these ecosystems suffered smaller or bigger changes. Remains of previous hygrophilous species are present in a valley of the Juzna Morava. These plant species are primarily presented by the narrow zone of white poplar forest. On higher locations, where soil aeration is better, and water overflowing shorter, we have group of ecological units of mono-dominantspecies of white poplar present in a mosaic pattern on small surfaces. At the level of bushes, besides red stem dogwood and Hungarian hawthorn, hawthorn and wild privet are present, which indicate significantly dryer weather conditions during the summer season. At the level of ground flora, besides hygrophytes, there are also mesophytes such as Galeopsis speciosa, Brachypodium silvatiicum and other. White poplar (Populus alba) is present even in the driest areas of terrain. Here, alluvial deposits are of light mechanical composition, while ground water is at depth of 2 m. Light mechanical composition enables surface water to go easily through soil profile. In those areas, where the above-mentioned forests are not present and where land is not brought to use as farmland, surfaces under hydrophilic meadows are present. Due to favourable conditions for agriculture at locations where land is close to river and fertile, possessing sufficient humidity, autochthon ecosystems completely disappeared and instead agrarian ecosystems appeared. Arable land is dominant in corridor E-75 highway, while orchards, meadows, bushy and sylvan ecosystems are not so abundant. They are in the form of small parcels and plots, while arable land occupies most of the surfaces in continuity. This type of flora determines both the number and diversity of fauna. As annuals intensively grown by a man cover most of the area, conditions for presence of bigger species of fauna are unfavourable,due to a lack of suitable habitat. Birds and small animals living on the ground are the most common species. There are no larger wild animals. Presence of watercourses and representativesof ichthyofauna (fish) is of high importance. Further from the river zone, there are remains of typical climazonal vegetation of Serbia. Besides this climazonal species, there are other xerothermic forests on slopes and in summer dry areas. Besides Hungarian Oak and Turkey Oak, there are numerous other species Sorbus torminalis, Sorbus domestics, Fraxinus ornus, Tilia argentea, Pyrus pyraster, Cornus mas, Crategus monogyna, Viburnum lantana, Rosa anlensis and other. Between these sylvan areas, there are mesothermaland even xerothermal meadows, depending on inclination of terrain. All mentioned plant groups are present in a degraded form caused by the anthropogenic impact and intensive use of forest resources. Some parts of the terrain, particularly those that are flattened, were turned into arable land, in this particular case into orchards separated by smaller Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 38 meadows. This type of mosaic composition is characteristicfor the terrain surrounding urban areas. On greater distancesfrom settlements, arable land again has revertedto degradedforests. The southern part of the study area includes thermophilic oak species. The basic climazonal species are Carpino orientalis-Quercetum frainetfocerris, which indicate climatic conditions and makes the area more similar to Macedonianthan Serbian forests. These plants grow at an altitude of 450 to 700 (800) m. The presence of this plant group is noted in the valley of the Juzna Morava tributaries and on foothills of Kukavica. Forest remains are preserved only in the form of low trees of 3-8 m of height, with gnarled trunks and distorted branches. Presenceof Quercetum frainetto-cerris pubescentetosum is noted in Bujanovac basin. Due to open terrain and strong summer draught, there are no hornbeams. In habitat of climazonal group of Turkey Oak and Hungarian Oak, there are also pastures of Astragalo-Calaminthetum alpinae type. Above the group of Hungarian and Turkey Oaks with hornbeams, there is a huge Quercetum montanum forest complex in the area between Vranje, Bujanovac and Presevo. On slopes of Sveti llija near Vranje, to Kozarnik and Ploca near Bujanovac there are forests of Sessile Oak. All these forests, from brims of Radan Mountainto Bujanovac, are of climazonal character and they occupy wide plateaus of ridges, very often on the highest peaks of the mountain, as well as all exposures of different slopes from 850 to 1100m of altitude. Occurrence of climazonal forest from Vranje to Presevo can be explained, inter alia, by a specific climate of this region. Warm and dry summers, with long draughty periods and high daily temperatures conditioned withdrawal of alpine beech forests into hollows and protected sunny slopes. Fagetum montanum and Fagetum submontanum beechforests are positionedin hollows and protected slopes of this area. The Institutefor Nature Protection (INP) confirmed that there are no protected sites directlyaffected by the highway routing6. However,one section of the E-75 highway passes through the Grdelica Gorge, which while not a formally protected area is a refugium for tertiary flora, rare endangered herbal species and mixed relic vegetation and thus its preservwhich is found in Derven Gorge, is included in The Red Data Book of Flora of Serbia I. Since this plant grows on ploughlands near roads, assumptions are that this plant could be found in Grdelica Gorge itself (on the highway section Caricina dolina - Vladicin Han). In case of continued negative impacts, these habitats would become ecologically unstable and vulnerable. The Grdelica Gorge contains some endangered and protected birds of prey, such as golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos and The Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus. These two species were identified by the lnstitute for Nature Protection as highly sensitive, and it will be necessary to protect them from excessive anthropogenic impacts during construction and operation of the Highway. Further studies are required during detailed design to identify specific habitat areas and resources required by the birds which should not be disturbed. Besides these, other characteristic species of haemophilic, rocky habitats in this area should be also mentioned. Other notable species include Eurasian Eagle Owl Bubo Bubo, Rock Partridge Alectoris graeca, The Rufous-tailed Rock Thrush Monticola saxatilis, The Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe hispanica, Red Rumped Swallow Hirundo daurica.. Specific recommendations of the INP include the need for conservation of agro-ecosystems along the Juzna Morava and remains of habitats that are used as foraging areas for birds of pre, and the positioning of culverts and other underpassesto serve as animal crossings. Conditions for nature preservation and environmental protectionfor preparationof Preliminary Design for E-75 highway. Belgrade -Nis-FYRM border, issued by the Serbian lnstitutefor Nature Protection, (see Appendix B for layout map and I (INP requirements) - reference, document number 03-853/2 from 29.06.2006, 03-205812 from 07.12.2005. 03-85212, from 12.06.2006, 03-258112 from 29.11.2007. 03-2582/2 from 29.11.2007. Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 39 .waqjuo spedw! a~!je6aup!oAe oj saJnseaw apnpu! 01pue suo!lenl!s pue suo!le3ol alqeJaulnn3ypads Ayluap! A(a~!pafia01JapJou! sufi!sap pa(!elap40 ~0IleledaJdayl y l ! 6uole jno ~ pa!~~e3aq oj paau sa!JoluaAu! pue shams 'sjuawssasse al!s pal!e)ap ~ a y ~leqlj s! S I J O ! ~ ! ~ U O ~ ~ J ~ n asayl 40 padse auo .holepuew s! s~O!l!pu03a~dasaql 01 a~ua~aqpe(sjuawaa~6~(eJale(!l(nu pue uo!lels!6al - 3 . d d aas) a~!lels!ballejuawuoJ!Aua lenpe 01 6u!pJ033~x!puaddv aas) u61sap ~ pa!oJd ayl U! paleJodJ03~!Uaaq alley y3!c(M UO!pnJjSUO3 Ae~y6!c(JOJ S U O ! U ~ U pap!Ao~dpUe O ~ ~ J ~ eaJe pa!o~dayl u ! y l ! ~a3ue)lodw! uo!le/uasuo:, 40swalsAso3a pue eunej 'e~oBpayjuap! ~ Na41 I I a$nora3a[ordayaoa aua3e[peseare papaaord 40 dew C-Parn6!j 4.4.2 Plant Species Dependent on Watercourses The variety of flora in the study area is primarily determined by the presence of waterways. They, on their part, influence the wetness of the soil, and the structure of phytocenoseswhich have found more or less advantageous life conditions here. Different plant communities can be found in the waterways both as freely floating and as submerged hygrophyte (water-liking) species. They have different needs for sunlight and levels of mineral and organic compone'nts dissolved in the water. Other plant species are adapted to living on the land in areas with different wetness, different chemical and mechanical composition of the soil, etc. First land plant communities can be noticed on the very banks of the rivers where they cover a very narrow stripe of land. A review of the most common plant species or species which are characteristicfor certain habitats and plant communities includes: w Freely floating and submerged: Lemna minor, Spirodela polyrrhiza, Salvinia natans w Shore shrubbery: Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia, Equisetum fluviatile, Phragmites australis, Sparganiumerectum w Flooded Meadows: Plantago altissima, Serratula tinctoria, Gentiana pneumonanthe, Pseudolysimachonlongifolium, Gratiola officinalis Permanently wet Meadows: Trifolium pallidum, Ventenanta dubia, Iris sibirica, Alopecurus pratensis, Plantago lanceolata, Lychnisflos-cuculi. w Periodicallywet Meadows: Deschampsiacaespitosa, Carex gracilis, Carex vulpina Moderately wet Meadows: Cardamine pratensis, Ranunculus acris, Cynosurus cristatus, Bromus racemosus,Trifolium patens w Wet grasslands and Meadows: Potentilla anserina, Mentha longifolia, Pulicariadysenterica, Alopecurus geniculatus, w Forest edges: Geranium sanguineum,Vincetoxicum hirundinaria,Tanacetum corymbosum, Fragariaviridis, Anthericium ramosum, Laserpitium sp, Clematis recta Flooded forests: Salix alba, Salix fragilis, Populus alba, Populus nigra, Alnus glutinosa, Ulmus laevis, Fraxinusangustifolia,Viburnum opulus, Quercus robur, Acer campestre 4.4.3 Plant Species of the Climatic Community A significant part of the Balkan peninsula, as well as the major part of Serbia, is covered with climate-zonal vegetation in the form of forests of oak and dry oak - Quercetum farnetfo cerris. These forests consist mainly of shoots, they are low in height and medium in thickness with well separated and rich layers of bushes, as well as of vascular plants, i.e. species of ground flora. A typical oak and dry oak forests has an abundance of the following species: Quercetum frainetfo, Quercus cerris, Tilia argentea, Pyrus piraster, Sorbus domestica, Sorbus torminalis, Fraxinus ornus, Acer campeste, Acer tataricum, Cornnus mas, Crataegus monogyna, Viburnum lantana, Rosa gallica, Lonicera caprifolium, Tamus cormmunis, Lathyrus niger, Danaa cornubiensis, Lychia coronaria, Silene viridiflora, Fanacefum corynbosum, Heleborus odorus, Trifoliumalpesfre, Campanulapersicifolia, Veronicacharrnaedrus. In the lower part of their common height area, oak and dry oak forests have mostly been destroyed in order to increase agricultural areas. Larger areas of these phytocenoses can be found mostly in the mountainous parts, but they have been anthropogenetically altered, i.e. degraded, for the most Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 41 part here as well. Apart from logging, forests of oak and dry oak which are close to people's settlements suffer other negative influences such as polling of the tree top, cattle feeding, goat grazing, etc. In this way, low forests become scrubs dominated by xerophyle bushes and only some of the most resistent tree species: Fraxinus ornus, Carpinus orientalis, Acer tataricum, Juniperus cormmunis Crataegus spp., Prunus spinosa, Cornnus mas, Evonymus spp., Ligustrum vulgare, Rhamnus carthartica, Viburnum lantana, Rubus spp. And others. Beside the typical oak and dry oak forests, in the area of the closer and wider perimeter of the route of highway E-75 one can find associations (i.e. ecological and geographical variant of the already described phytocenosis) i.e. forests of oak and dry oak with Oriental hornbeam - Carpino orientalis - Quercetum frainetto - cerris; formed by a large number of species of heterogenous structure, often quite opposite in character, which in the further cause -effectdevelopment results in a frailty of this phytocenosis,as well as in a tendency towards degradation and its difficult natural an artificial biological reactivation, i.e. re-forestation. In the entire area common for forests of oak and dry oak with Oriental hornbeam (including the area of the Grdelica canyon), deforestation, logging and other factors has had a great influence. Thus forests of oak and dry oak are degraded by regressive succession into Meadows of Chrysopogonetum grylly (which is a typical form of dry, bare Meadows of Mediterranean - steppe character). These forests support the following tree species: Quercus frainetto, Quercus cerris, Carpinus orientalis, Quercus pubescens,Quercus petraea, Sorbus torminalis, Frahinus ornus, Sorbus domestica, Pirys piraster, Acer campestre, Ulmus campestre, Pyrus armigdaliformis, etc. Otherwise, the phytocenosis appears on slopes as steep as 23 degrees, and both on the north and on the south sides. The bush level, apart from shoots of the above said trees, the following species have been determined: Rosa arvensis, Crataegus monogyna, Cornus mas, Lonicera caprifoliurm, Viburnum lantana, Crataegus oxyacanta. The ground flora has an extremely high number of species, as many as 180, which definitely represents an unusual wealth. The most common species here are: Fragaria vesca, Brachypodium silvaticum, Festuca heterophylla, Heleborus odorus, Dactylus glomerata (polygama), Galium pseudoaristatum, Potentila micrantha, Silene viridiflora, Lathyrus venetus, Euphorbia amygdaloides, Silene italica, Aira caryophyilea , Rosa gallica, Satureja gracilis, Geranium sanguinerm, Asparagus tenuifolius and many others. 4.4.4 Agricultural Plant Species The largest part of the land on the planes near waterways has been altered and transformed into agricultural areas. Depending on the cultivated species and the mode of farming, land parcels have been grouped and divided. An especially significant factor for the choice of cultivated species is the quality of the soil, the relief and the level of water in the ground. The following structure of farming land can be spotted on the subject terrain: Mosaic cultivated fields: Mosaic cultivated fields with annual and perrennial crops or a complex structure mosaic Mosaic of farming land and natural vegetation Perrennial herbaceous cultures: Kosanica Meadows Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 42 Perrennialherb cultures Orchards, vineyards,vegetable patches and green houses: lntensivetall orchards (tree fruits) Bushy fruits lntensive vineyards Traditional vineyards Vegetable patches Green houses of trees and herbaceous plants 4.4.5 Plant Species Typical of South and South East Serbia As a consequenceof orographic dependanceon warm expositions of steep slopes and on a series of shallow, skeletal and dry soils, the limestone houses communities of Serbian forests of Carpinetum orientalis serbicum. This are offshoot,forests rich in flora at all three levels, they don't grow high and are not thick. The phytocenosis includes 300 - 350 species (which is, by the way, regularly stumped, and often devastated on degraded soils). The following species are the most numerous there: Carpinus orientalis, Fraxinus orunus, Quercus pubescens, Acer hircanum, Acer monspesulanum, Quercus cerris, Sorbus domestica, Pirus amigdaliformis, Sorbus graeca, Cornus mas, Syringa vulgaris, Viburnum lantana, Crataegus monogyna, Evonymus verrucosa, Cotinus coqqygria, Berberis vulgaris, Rharnnus cathartics, Asparagus tenuifolius, Hipericum perforatum, Arabis hirsuta, Viola hirta, Melica ciliata, Festuca vallesiaca, Galium purpureum and many other xerothermic, basophyle species. 4.4.6 Upland Plant Species The following forest phytocenosis is also present, along with other phytocenoses, in the wider area of the highway route: beech forest - Fagetum montanum serbicum. This biocenosis is mostly dependent on the orographic (topographically induced rainfall) factors, i.e. it appears as a permanent canopy in colder and fresher oak regions. These beech forests on cold slopes of hills and hillocks depend on the relief, and not on the regional climate on that altitude. Phytocenoses of beech forests are exposed to the penetration of the neighbouring oak phytocenoses (Quercus petraeae, Carpinus betulus, Quercus cerris, Sorbus torminalis, Prunus avium, Pirus piraster, Acer camprestre, etc). These species appear along each other as different from the forests in the beech -firtreearea. Beside beech, as auxiliary and dependent species in a Serbian beech forest, the following species might appear: Carpinus betulus, Quercus petraeae, Quercus cerris, Sorbus torminalis, Prumus avium, Malus silvestris, Pirus piraster, Acer pseudoplatanus, Acer platanoides, Tilia grandifolia, Corylus colurna. In the ground flora the following species appear: Rubus hirtus, Aspidum filix mas, Nephrodium filix faeimina, Salvia glutinosa, Asperula taurina, Viola silvestris, Sanicula europaea, Melica uniflora, Aremonia agrimonoides, Oxalis acetosella, Pulrnonaria officinalis, Arum maculatum, Alium ursinum, Luzula nemorosa, Poa nemoralis and others. Due to a very strong log the beech has and the way it spreads, the ground flora is sometimes completely extinct in some places (Facies nudum). Actually, to be more phytocenologically precise, this phytocenosis appears as a relict community of the beech and the walnut tree Juglando-Fagetum submontanum. On the areas of hydrogravitatingrneritorywatersheds, forests of only Quercetum montanumcan be found. These cover large areas in Serbia as orocliamtic stripe in the hilly region at an altitude of Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 43 500 900 m. These forests have been registered covering large areas in South-East Serbia. Some - authors believe (Horvat, GlavaE, Ellenberg) that in the entire South Serbia these forests cover the higher (submontaneous) region of zonal vegetation. The basis in such forests are acid sylicate rocks, and the acid brown soil is more or less shallow, skeletal and erosion-exposed. The phytocenoses are medium in thickness and often of the same age. The bush floor is often under- developed in typical forests, but a larger number of species occur on the ground floor due to the tendency of this type of oak to seek the sunlight. Beside Quercus petraea the tree floor also includes a smaller number of other tree species: Quercus cerris, Fraxinus ornus, Tilia argentea, Pyrus pyraster, Carpinus betulus, Acer campestre, Prunus avium, etc. The bush floor is poor in flora and only the following species can be found: Cornus mas, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Juniperus communis, Corylus avellana etc. These species occur on the ground flora level: Rosa arvensis, Genista ovata, Lathyrus niger, Lathyrus venetus, Campanula persicifolia, Helleborus odorus, Festuca montana, Poa nemoralis,Veronica chamaedrusand many others. growth of forests in the hills is conditioned by colder and more humid microclimate. Orographic growths of sessile oak and hornbeam (Querco-Carpinetum moesiacum) have the best conditions for development due to increased precipitation and temperature variations without extreme values. This community is rich in plant life and has a good combinationof plants the most frequent of which are: sessile oak, hornbeam, small-leaved linden, maple, cornel, blackberry, etc. 4.4.7 Animal Species Fauna representatives can be grouped in two categories: animals living in the water or associated with water and the animals of terrestrial ecosystems. Representatives of the ichtio-fauna (fish) living in the South Morava river are: Eudontomyzon mariae (Ucraine brook lamprey), Alburnoides bipunctatus (spirlin), Aspius aspius (asp fish), Barbus barbus (common barbel), Carassius auratus (goldfish), Chondrostoma nasus (common nase), Ctenopharyngodonidella (grass carp), Gobio sp. (gudgeons), Leuciscus cephalus (European chub) and others. The amphibian group is represented by the following species: Salamandra salamandra (fire salamander), Triturus carnifex (Italian crested newt), Triturus karelinii (Southern crested newt), Hyla arborea (European tree frog) , Pelobates syriacus (spadefoot), Bufo sp. (toads), and the following water snakes should also be mentioned:Natrix natrix (grass snake) and Natrixtessellata (dice snake). The valley of the South Morava river is populated by more than 153 species of birds including the two endangered species of birds of prey mentioned above. The bird fauna may be divided into two groups. The first group, primarily water birds, includes little bittern (Ixobrychus minutus), black- crowned night herron (Nycticorax nycticorax), squacco herron (Ardeola ralloides), little egrett (Egretta garzetta), purple herron (Ardea purpurea), grey herron (Ardea cinerea), white stork (Ciconia ciconia), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), common quail (Coturnix coturnix), common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus), Northern lapwing (Vanellus vanellus), corn crake (Crex crex), ruff (Philomachus pugnax), greenshank (Tringa nebularia), common redshank (Tringa totanus), common sandpiper (Tringa hypoleucos) and great snipe (Gallinago media). The second more terrestrial group of birds includes common buzzard (Buteo buteo), marsh harrier (Circus aeroginosus), long-eared owl (Asio otus) and little owl (Athene noctua). The fauna of small mammals includes: hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor), pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus), common shrew (Sorex araneus), shrews belonging to the order of Crocidura, mole (Talpa europaea), squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris), bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus), common vole (Arvicola terrestris), vole (Pitymys subterraneus), field vole (Microtus rossiaemeridionalis), Gunther's Vole (Microtus guentheri), lesser mole rat (Spalax leucodon), wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus), poohs (Myoxus glis and Muscardinus avellanarius) and others. The area near the Juzna Morava, Public Enterprise "Roadsof Serbia" Page 44 zone from Vladicin Han to Presevo, represents the habitat of the sibling vole (Microtus rossiameridionalis), which is very rare in Serbia since it can be found only at three locations, which are all within or very near the alignment of the new motorway. Aside from the important species which reside there, the Grdelica canyon also represents a migratory route for some fauna, from the south to the north. This route is at the same time the shortest way between the Vranjska and Leskovaska basins. Species which use this route include the Balkans wall lizard Podarcis tauricus, as well as Erhard's wall lizard Podarcis erhardii. The INP has indicated that through the use of culverts and underpasses and appropriate design of bridges, these important routes can be preserved. 4.5 Surface and ground water -The regulation and legislation has systematically enforced the principle that quality control of surface waters is the instrument of control in the domain of emissions. By the Decree on Categorization of Waterways and the Decree on Classification of Waters in the Republic of Serbia (Official Gazette of FRS No. 5/68) all waterways were classified as I, Ila, Ilb, Ill and IV class according the pre-defined border values of quality. This Decree, which was published as long ago as 1968, did not define the procedure how to define a joint class according to all eleven individually categorized parameters of quality, which class would then be compared with the pre-defined one. In a further development of the regulations, the Decree on the Classification of waters of inter- republic waterways, inter-state waterways and the coastal area of the sea water of Yugoslavia (Official Gazette of SFRY No. 6/78) which also classified all waterways in four categories. The quality categorization was increased for new parameters (oxygen saturation, NPK, toxic substances and radiation level). Nevertheless, just as with the previous Decree, the procedure for determining a summary quality class based on the class of every individual quality parameter was not given. This problem of incomplete laws was somewhat overcome by special determination of the quality class from the physical -chemical, biological and bacteriological parameters which was performed by taking the arithmetic average of two least advantageous values of parameters. 4.5.1 State of Surface Water The area of the newly projected route of the highway E-75 from Grabovnica to Levosoje includes the South Morava river with its tributaries. These are the tributaries of the South Morava river which belong to the area along the highway (in the direction of the increase of survey marks): Slatinska river Palojska river Predejanska river Brook Vasiljkovac Brook Terzinci Crnogorski brook Graovska valley Petkova valley Brezovacka valley Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page45 Brook Bratez Brook Planiste , Slivaska valley Brook Caricina Dekutinska river Jelasnicka river Vrbovska river Brecnicka river Gradska (Vranjska) river Korbevacka river Figure 4-2 River South Morava Water quality according to the classes of the South Morava river on measuring stations Ristovac, Vladicin Han, Grdelica, Aleksinac and Mojsinje is given in the following Table 4-6 . Table 4-6 Water Quality River Basin River MeasuringStation Actual Class Required Class Ristovac II B Vladicin Han II B Grdelica IIB - South Morava South Morava Aleksinac IV II A Mojsinje IV II A Systematic tracing of the quality of surface waters in the mentioned waterways is performed only on the South Morava river by the Republic hydro-meteorologicalinstitute. The quality of water in the South Morava river is tested in the following places: Ristovac, Vladicin Han, Grdelica,Aleksinac and Mojsinje. When the current state of the water in the South Morava river is considered, everything indicates that the quality of the water is low. According to the data on measuring the concentration of physical and chemical parameters in the water of the river which was sampled at the measuring stations, it can be concluded that there are deviations from the MAC in case of the IIclass of the waterways to which the South Morava river belongs according to the Decree on categorization of waterways (Official Gazette of FRS, No. 5/68). The values of dissolved oxygen of the water occasionally corresponded to the Ill and IV class and the VK state of water quality. Also, the measured values of suspended substances at all stations in individual series corresponded to class Ill.After the consideration of the results of the performed analyses, increased value of nitrites have been noticed in one case (IIIIIV class). Regarding hazardous and damaging substances, in one case and at certain stations, increased values of mangane (Mn) and six-valence crome (c?)have been found. Saprobiologicalanalyses of water show that the waterway has moderate organic pollutants in it. At all times of analyses, it is mostly dominated by organisms indicators of a and P - meso-saprobe zone. The saprobity index corresponded to class II of the quality of waters, and a deviation occurred only in April at the station Vladicin Han when the saprobity index belonged to classes 111111 of water quality. An analysis of the surface water quality in order to give a more detailed definition of the current state along the route of the highway has been performed on the South Morava river (water stations Vladicin Han and Grdelica). The data on the quality of water in the South Morava river are given in Table 4-7 Table 4-7 Results of the analysis of water quality in the South Morava river (w.s. Vladicin Han) River Substances MAC for II class J. Morava 1 p~ value Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 47 No River Substances MAC for II class J. Morava 2 7.0 - 13.0 3 % saturationwith O2 4 1 BPK5(mgll) 4 1.6 - 3.2 5 , HPK (mgll) 12 2.5 - 5.3 6 Sus. Substances (m 9 Nitrates (mgll) 10 Sulphates (mgll) I 12 Total phosphorus (mgll) I 0.94 I0.07 - 0.278 13 Phenols (mgll) 0.001 0.009 I 14 15 Mineral oils (mgll) 1 0.05 10.00 16 Iron (nlgll) , 0.3 I0.07 1 0.1 0.00 17 Chrome (Cr t6 ) (mgll) 18 Lead-ll) 0.05 0.04 19 Zinc (mgll) 0.2 0.00 ) 20 I Cop~HmgIl) 0.1 I 21 Sulphides (mgll) 0.00 0.01 22 Cadmium (mgll) 0.005 0.00 23 Nickel (mgll) 0.05 0.002 24 0.00 Chrome ( ~ r )*(mgll) 0.1 ~ 25 Cyanides (mgll) 0.1 0.01 Data source: Hydrological yearbook for 2006 of RHMl Table 4-8 Results of the analysis of water quality in the South Morava river (B.c.Grdelica) 1 River bbstances MAC for I class -- (1 1value p~ 16.8 - 8.5 Public Enterprise L'Roadsof Serbia" Page 48 No River Substances MAC for II class J. Morava 2 Dissolved O2(mgll) 6 10.4-14.6 3 % saturation with 0 2 75 - 90 91-138 4 BPK5(mgll) 4 1.8-4.3 5 HPK (mgll) 12 6 Sus. Substances (mgll) 30 1-31 7 Ammonium ions (mgll) 1 0.03-0.006 8 Nitrites (mgll) 0.05 <0.003 9 Nitrates (rngll) 1 0 0.35-1.I9 I 10 Sulphates (mgll) 200 18.7-39.6 11 Chlorides (mgll) 250 7-13 12 Total phosphorus (mgll) 0.94 0.073-0.146 13 Phenols (mgll) 0.001 <0.001 J 14 Detergents (mgll) 0.4 15 Mineral oils (mgll) 0.05 16 Iron (mgll) 0.3 17 Chrome (Cr +' ) (mgll) 0.1 J 18 Lead (mgll) 0.05 300 m Levosoje E-75 Motorway 80 dB(A) 76 &(A) 45 m >300 m Grabovnica Levosoje - Based on the numerical data obtained by calculation and the relevant levels defined by law, a conclusion may be drawn that limit noise levels are exceeded in the zones in which the registered structures are located. Mitigation measures during the operation phase The objective of analyzing the traffic noise on the E-75 motorway is to select the appropriate procedures to mitigate adverse impacts that the noise has on the population. Technical mitigation measures include all the proceduresthat are necessary for reducingthe quantified adverse impacts to the allowed limits. Reduction of the noise impact may be achieved by different procedures: reduction of noise impact by planting green protective belts between the motorway and affected facilities, reduction of noise impact in the facilities by installing soundproof windows and doors on the facades exposed to noise - passive mitigation measures, reduction of the noise transfer by installing acoustic barriers -walls for protectionagainst noise. In this specific case, for the E-75 Grabovnica - Levosoje motorway, it is envisaged to use noise suppression structures and passive mitigation measures (soundproof doors and windows). The most important safeguard against noise is to build the walls for protection against noise. This safeguard will be applied at the places where most affected groups of facilities are located. When selecting a type of the wall, account should be taken of the criteriawhich needto be met, such as: resistance to weather conditions, structural rationality, visual effect, possibilities of prefabrication, possibilities of extension, spatial compliance, easy maintenance. The required lengths and height ranges for the structures for protection against noise at the E-75 motorway are shown in Table 5-7 (see also Appendix L). Public Enterprise "Roads of Serb~a" Page 74 Table 5-7 Structure for protection against noise at the E-75 motonnray Position of the Heights of the Lengths of the Section structure structure (m) structure (m) Grabovnica - left 2.0 1028 Grdelica right 3.0-4.0 1260 Grdelica - left 3.0 CariEina Dolina right 3.0 600 left 2.0-3.0 1 956 CariEina Dolina-VladiEin Han right 2.0- 3.5 1 572 -5.0 VladiEin Han - left 2.0 8 476 Donji Neradovac 2.0- 5.5 1 1 312 Donji Neradovac Levosoje - left 4.0, 2350 right 4.0 3 100 - E-75 Motorway left /2.0 5.0 - 15880 - Grabovn~ca Levosoje - right 2.0-5.5 17844 For the E-75 Grabovnica - Levosoje motorway, about 34 km of noise suppression structures are needed. It is also envisaged to apply passive mitigation measures for a certain number of individual facilities where these measures are more cost-effective Also, the construction of residential facilities must be forbidden at the distances from the road centreline where allowed noise level may be exceeded, so as to avoid further complications with noise disturbance. During the detailed design the operational noise levels will be re-evaluated, which will identify the areas within which new building will be prohibited. This information will be passed onto the relevant planning authoritiesfor later enforcement as part of land use planning. 5.5 Impacts on flora, fauna and landscape characteristics The need to examine all adverse impacts which result from the construction of the planned motorway requires the investigation of possible adverse impacts on flora and fauna. Based on the analyzed impacts of the planned road route in the sphere of air and water pollution, and soil pollution, occupancy of surfaces and division of space, it is possible to derive conclusions in respect of possible impacts on ecosystems of areas across which the road route shall pass. It is also essential to pay particular attention to the comments and requirements of the INP, who provided detailed comments on the individual road sections (see Appendix I). Their comments included notes on the conservation status of ecosystems and species of flora and fauna, general mitigation measures and the need to undertake additional investigations during detailed design, so as to minimise potential adverse impacts. For this reason an allowance for such studies has been made in the corridor level EMP to be undertaken prior to the definition of the site specific EMP. -- - Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 75 5.5.1 Impact on flora Based on consultations with the Institute for Nature Protection, who conducted their own fieldwork on the highway sections, risks to rarelendangered species are moderate and manageable through proper planning and precautions during construction and operations. Contractors will undertake detailed ecological surveys of work sites in sensitive areas and all rivers affected by construction and prepare mitigation plans, which could include aspects such as modifications to work sites and translocation of vulnerable species. The majority of the highway footprint is characterized by a rather anthropogenically altered eco-system in the form of degraded forests, .meadows, and arable land. The process of quantification of impacts on flora is possibly only through identifying areas with total loss of vegetation, areas with altered vegetation, and areas of natural vegetation under some impacts. Total loss of vegetation will be present on areas covered by the pavement structure. The areas covered by the roadbed that are planted with greenery after construction within the landscaping of the right of way (slopes of embankments and canals), as well as areas acquired for the road construction purposes, are areas with altered vegetation and they are under the greatest negative impact of the road. Table 5-8 gives an overview of mentioned areas by section. Table 5-8 Areas with total loss of vegetationand altered flora I 1Total loss of Altered Location 1 vegetation (ha) (ha) CariEina Dolina - 28.2 32.8 1VladiEin Han Grabovnica - ~rd* 12.17 1 53.20 I VladiEin Han - Donji ( 60 1 71.2 87.5 Neradovac The impact of air pollution on flora is spatially limited to a narrow belt directly along the road, since the concentrations, the permissible limit values of which, considering possible negative impacts, are reached for most components at the very road edge. This is a consequence, as concluded in the section on air pollution, of traffic load and pollutant transmission conditions on non-urban roads. Impacts of soil pollution on flora in the motorway area, too, are utterly limited in space, along the road edge directly, and in drainage channels, since low concentrations of pollutants are in question. Certain impacts immediately next to the road may be expected only through the effects of soil salinization as a consequence of winter maintenance. The greatest impacts on flora within the given area are naturally expressed through the already analyzed effect of the occupancy of surfaces. This impact is particularly important on grounds. with expressed reproductive characteristics. Bridges and overpasses, tunnels and underground structures during the motorway construction have no direct negative impacts on flora, since they lead to the occupancy of surfaces and removal of plant cover to a minimum extent. A range of other impacts is present to a smaller extent, while we need to emphasize that these are not impacts on floristic elements of any special natural value, in any single case. Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 76 5.5.2 Impact on fauna Potential negative impacts of the planned E-75 motorway on fauna may be divided into impacts during the course of construction, and subsequent impacts that occur during the motorway operation. Impacts on fauna in the given area are related to the occupancy of land, since this is when some habitats, breeding ponds, and refugia are destroyed, and traditional animal paths are cut off. Any pollution of soil, ground and surface waters can negatively impact fauna in the study area. In the course of motorway construction, the area will be modified through the alteration of physical characteristics of the space, transformation of land by the motorway construction and preparationof the ground, and there are also certain forms of pollution. The modification of the area reflects through the modification of habitats (change in geometry, floors, mosaic like nature, and general conditions of refuge and food chain), the removal of soil cover (the removal, erosion, or destruction of top layers of rock and soil), the change in hydrological regimes (changes in the composition and structure of habitats, so as to affect soil moisture of the area), noise and vibrations. Negative impacts appearing in the operation of the motorway potentially occur through the possibility of animal fatalities on the open motorway, disturbance of the area through which the motorway passes, by increased noise levels, and through elevated levels of all forms of pollution, particularlyair pollution.A special form of hazardfor fauna in the study area is potential pollutionof soil, surface and ground waters, and air pollution in case of accidents. To minimise animal casualties, the entire route of the motorway is to be fenced, with a finer mesh towards the base of the fence line (see Appendix L for fence details). The motorway construction will fragment habitats of floral and faunal species and could create an I impassable barrier for many animal species. In order to preserve bio-diversity of the region it is necessary to facilitate free movement of individuals between preserved sub-populations and naturalhabitats. It is therefore necessaryto build ecological corridors to interconnect spatial units of isolated natural habitats. The preservation of connectivity of these ecological corridors is of top priority for the preservation of bio-diversityof the region. Forthat purpose it is necessary, during the design and construction of the motorway, to plan the construction of passages for small and large animals, above or under the motorway, depending on needs and characteristics of the ground, in order to mitigate negative effects of the road as much as possible. Communication from the Institute for Nature Protection has indeed revealed the need to maintain connectivity of animal habitat and they have agreed that the many culverts and drainage pipes under the motorway should suffice as crossing points to allow free passage of amphibia during their seasonal breeding migrations. Details of the crossing infrastructureare as follows: Table 5-9 Crossing infrastructure Section Number of box culverts and longest distance bridges as underpasses for between two big animals neighbour passes 1Grabovnica- Grdelica 1 I 12 11370 1 I I Grdelica (Gornje Polje) -CaricinaDolina 1 1 2685 1 20 I Caricina Dolina - Vladicin Han ( 37 1949 I I / I Vladicin Han Donji Neradovac - I 141 12125 -- Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 77 ( I Section Number of box culverts and longest distance bridges as underpasses for between two Donji Neradovac -Levosoje 18 1895 I I Number of pipe culverts as longest distance underpasses for small between two 2870 m Grdelica (Gornje Polje) -CaricinaDolina 16 2065 m Caricina Dolina -Vladicin Han Vladicin Han - Donji Neradovac 38 4840 m ( Donji Neradovac -Levosoje Another important factor to be emphasized is that the spatial and operational elements As noted above, there are a number of cultural monuments in the overall project area which may be vulnerable to direct or indirect impacts from highway construction or operation, including air, soil, water pollution noise and vibrations. These were identified based on consultation with the lnstitute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Serbia and visual observations, but detailed field investigations have not yet been undertaken. The boundaries of the cultural monuments' protective zones are determined depending on the type of structure and amount of information on its location and dimensions, and a 40m radius. The archaeological site in the vicinity of Vrbovo is out of the direct zone of impact. In a wider area of the corridor there-are prehistoric settlements near Polom and Dekutinci, and only one site near Gramada appears to be very close or possibly directly affected by the alignment. It is necessary to perform field archaeological investigations, to categorically identify the boundaries of features of sites that are known from records to be in the vicinity of the highway prior to the beginning of construction of the newly designed route. Other sites are located at 100-200m from the road centerline, and most of the adverse impacts may be avoided. According to applicable regulations in the domain of environmental protection, the Serbian lnstitute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments, Belgrade, issued requirements for the preparation of an Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Preliminary Design of the E-75 Belgrade - NiS - FYROM border motorway. The preconditions of the lnstitute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Serbia are given in App. J - References (511118 from 12.06.2006, 101719 from 09.04.2008, 101160 from 06.02.2008, 511114 from 12.06.2006, 101720 from 09.04.2008) and are summarized as: No excavation, demolition, alteration or any works that may harm the properties of the cultural monument may be carried out. Until the measures of protection for Natural Cultural Assets (NCA) and their surroundings have been implemented, no construction or spatial development without prior approval of the competent cultural monument protection service may be carried out. Republic Cultural Monument Protection lnstitute and authorized expert must be timely notified of the commencement of earth and other works at the archaeological site or in its Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 78 immediate vicinity, in order to timely perform all the necessary preparations until the archaeological explorationlicense is obtained. w Identified sites must be marked and secured (with a protective railing or other means of protection) to avoid damage in the course of road construction. The Law on Cultural Assets obligates the investor and contractor to provide for and ensure archaeological intervention in the case they come across new, non-recorded sites (i.e. chance finds) during construction. This involves the immediate discontinuation of works and notifying the competent Cultural Monument Protection Institute about the discovery. This certainly requires occasional archaeological supervision during construction. The investor is obligated to provide funds for all envisaged works - archaeological probing, occasional archaeological supervision, protectionof the archaeologicalintervention,etc. 5.6 Resettlement due to land acquisition This aspect of the Project has been subject to a specialist, detailed study which is running in parallel with the EIA and will be reported on separately.A brief account is however presented here for the sake of completeness of the scope of EIA. The principles guiding resettlement plan preparation and implementationare discussed below. Compensationof affected peoplewill be governed by the following general principles: w the relevant Serbian laws and WB policy 4.12 will be followed. Where there is a conflict between Serbian laws and WB policy,the latter and the provisionsof this RPF will apply; w the property and inheritancerights of personswill be respected; w the public will be fully informed and processeswill be transparent; w all possible steps will be taken to minimize acquisition of productive, privately owned land and to avoid acquisition of residential areas through careful design; w to the extent possible, land replacement will be offered to the affected people; land with same value, productive potential, characteristicsin the same neighborhoodof the land lost; w valuation of land, businesses, and other assets for which compensation is given will be based on the full replacementcost7; w In the case of agricultural land, valuation of the land will include crops value, age of crops, time needed to reproduce them, investment on the land and all standing supporting structures such as wall, fences, barns,wells as well as water rights; w Unviable, redundant parcels of landtstructures that are lefl behind after acquisition of the main propertywill be acquired and compensated if the owner so desires; 'Replacementcostwhich isdefinedasthe marketpriceaftertakingintoaccountthevalueofland, cost of structures & installations, crops, trees, wells, age of crops, vineyards, and the time needed to reproduce them, plus the cost of any registration and transfer taxes.ln the case of a house, the compensation should be as such to enable the owner to replace the house with a similar house. This also includes the transaction cost. Speculation based on the construction of the road will not be a factor in valuation. In other words, the valuation is based on before road construction. Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 79 In cases where there are people working on the affected land or businesses but are not land owners (tenants, or wage earners), the compensation should include the losses to these people and these people should be provided compensation; In cases where land is needed on a temporary basis, project affected people will be compensated in full market rental price for the period during which the land is used and the land will be given back to the owner in the same condition as before it was rented. In the case of agricultural land, the market price will also include the value of the crops lost during the lease term; In exceptional cases if resettlement is unavoidable in addition to the full replacement cost affected people will be provided assistance for relocating and related expenses (i.e., cost of moving, moving allowance, transportation); related to the above, the project beneficiary will use public land which is unencumberedeas much as possible; If the land needed for expropriation is public land used illegally, the users will be compensated for the crops and any investment they have made on the land and they are given three months notice to evict the land. If the livelihood of the users of public land depends on the land they are using, they will be assisted in their effort to improve their livelihoods and standard of living to restore them to pre-displacement levels. preparation and implementation of the land acquisition and compensation plan will be done in a transparent manner with the participationof affected people and relevant institutions; any such infrastructure facilities as roads, water pipes, and communication networks disrupted by the construction will be replaced implementingagency (Corridor 10); all needed steps will be taken to ensure compensation, registration and transfer issues are resolved with affected people without seeking court intervention, unless unavoidable; project affected people and affected people will be compensated in full before a Construction License is issued, which enables the investor to start civil works; Any investment made on the affected property after the data collected as part of the preparation of the feasibility study, which is a proxy for census, no new construction is subject to compensation. In general, expropriation will be done in a way the project affected people and affected people will not be worse off after the expropriation; and all activities and procedures will have to be formally documented. Persons (private and public, individual and businesses) entitled to be compensated for land losses or damages must be paid in full before the implementing agency issue the Construction License, and commences any works or construction activities on the land plots in question, which enables the investor to start civil works. In the case of disputes over ownership or compensation amounts, the project beneficiary transfers the sums corresponding to the assessed value of the land to the accounts of local authorities or to a court account while the case is pending and before starting the works and construction activities. "Encumbered" means land which is currently occupied or used by private individuals or businesses, with or without legal right Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 80 5.6.1 Affected People Project affected persons are defined to include the following categories: Project affected persons, with formal title, who lose all or part of their land; Project affected persons, with formal title, who have immovable property on the land to be expropriated; Project affected persons with formal title over businesses that are affected by the loss of all or part of the land on which the businesses are located; Project affected persons with formal title over animal husbandries and agricultural processors that are affected by the loss of all or part of the land on which they are based; Project affected persons with formal title of tenancy on private or public land; Project affected persons with formal title over land, that will be needed during construction on a temporary basis; Project affected persons without formal title on affected land or businesses but their livelihoods are directly dependent on the affected land or businesses (e.g., those working on affected agricultural land or working in the affected businesses); and Project affected persons without formal title of ownership or use but who have established usage of public land by investing in immovable objects, crops, woods, trees, fruit bearing trees, vineyards, the age of crops, and the time needed to reproduce them. Table 5-10 Entitlementmatrix 1Affected Categories IEntitlement Loss of entire land (i) offer of replacement agricultural land of equivalent productive value in the holding area and vicinity of the land being expropriated, together with all transferladministrative taxes; or /(ii) monetary compensation based on the assessed fair value. I Partial loss of land (i) offer of replacement agricultural land of equivalent productive value in the area and vicinity of the land being expropriated, together with all transferladministrative taxes; or I I -I (ii) monetary compensation based on the assessed fair value. 1 Unviable, redundant If a remaining parcel of land after expropriation is not economically viable, it 1 parcels of will be acquired and compensated if the project affected person so desires. landlstructures i Structures The replacement cost for any investment made, and the value of time invested in construction. land (barns, shacks, -1 Crops The value of the crop, including the value of time needed to reproduce such - Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 81 Fruit bearing plants, The value of the harvest, including the value of time needed to reproduce vineyards, and such a harvest, the replacement cost for any investment made, (input, labor orchards etc.) to raise new plants, vineyard or orchard until they reach full yielding potential. 1 Young vineyards or The replacement cost for any investment made for raising a replacement orchards not yet fruit- vineyard or orchards, including the value of time needed to reproduce bearing replacement vineyard or orchards, and compensation for lost yields for each year from the year of expropriation. INursery 1The replacement cost for any investment made on planting material (nursery I Iplants and other reproduction material) not utilized. of the lease. The land should be the same condition as it was taken. House Full compensation based on the replacement cost in a similarlcomparable moving, transferladministrative taxes, and transition allowance. I ! Lessees of Public or Provision of the use of other corresponding Public or State owned equivalent 1state owned property with the rights of a lessee for an equivalent period of time properties Legal renters, Compensated for lost income earned from the land, as determined in the employees, or social assessment, and the replacement cost for any investment made on workers on the land or the land. in a business /Illegal users of public Compensated for the replacement cost of any investment made on the land. and private land Persons with non- Full relocation cost of businesses affected, including the inventory, and the agricultural business replacement cost for any investment. Vulnerable groups For this group, they will be given additional financial assistance to ensure (affected households that they will be no worse off after the project and can maintain and restore with many their livelihoods. dependents, household with unemployed head, households with disabled, poor households) * This matrix will be disseminated in the Project area before appraisal. Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 82 5.6.2 Preparation of individual Resettlement Action Plans When the scheme is declared to be 'of public interest,' a concrete expropriation proposal by the Beneficiary of ~ x ~ r o ~ r i a t iiso nprepared and then submitted to the relevant municipality ~ encompassing the project affected persons. A concrete expropriation proposal is prepared for each project affected person that contains the amount of land involved, the justification of the need for the specific expropriation, together with the confirmation that the scheme is included in the relevant regional and/or spatial plan. The Beneficiary of Expropriation (PEPS), through the municipalities involved, will collect information on the socio-economic condition of each project affected person at the time of the preparation of the section specific RAP. This will include information on employment status, income, sources of income, land holding, type and size of land, crops, other resources, number of children and dependents, for all project affected persons. This information will form the basis of the required social assessment (a socio-economic study) to the satisfaction of the Bank. These will form the basis of the RAPs. The concrete expropriation proposal also involves the Beneficiary of Expropriation arranging a Bank Guarantee with a Commercial Bank for the assessed fair value. This assessment is prepared by referring to the Cadastre Register, which provides details on the title holder, the immovable property, the type of land, and the area of the affected land. At this stage, the concrete expropriation proposal also obliges the Beneficiary of Expropriation to submit a request to the Cadastre Office, or other public register, to prevent any transaction (Article 32) on the land to be expropriated. The individual RAPs for a given section will also include; specific compensation rates; policy entitlements related to any additional impacts identified at the main design stage, if applicable; description of resettlement sites, if applicable; implementation schedule for resettlement activities; and detailed cost estimates. The RAPs should be in full compliance with this framework, its principles and procedures. Each individual RAP must be disclosed, and compensation paid or grievance registered, before commencing construction on any specific section. Land WithdrawalIAcquisition and organizational arrangements and Consultation The organizations and parties involved in the process of expropriation and resettlement are the Ministries of Finance, Agriculture, Taxation Administration, PEPS, the Beneficiary of Expropriation on behalf of KIODOO, and KIODOO, the implementing entity, municipalities, expert assessors, project affected persons, the independent grievance commission, defined earlier, and the court. Benefit of Expropriation under this RPF is consistent to the definition under the Law on Expropriation: is the entity which is performing the expropriation on behalf of the implementing entity for a particular scheme or project. In the case of the Corridor X Highway projecffprogram,the Beneficiary of Expropriation' is the Public Enterprise Roads of Serbia (PEPS), on behalf of the implementing entity, the Koridor 10 D.O.O. (KIODOO), or in future the latter directly on its own account. Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" - Page 83 Organizational Arrangement When the scheme is declared to be 'of public interest', and approved by the Government, a concrete expropriation proposal by the Beneficiary of ~xpropriation"the legal department within the PEPS, the Beneficiary of Expropriationon behalf of KIODOO, or in future KIODOO directly, is prepared and then submitted to the relevant municipality encompassing the project affected persons. The first step is the preparationand submissionof the expropriationproposal,which includes all the needed papers and information -technical papers based on the final design and cadastre maps, information on each parcel -with a bank guarantee to a local government's property department (LGPD), in the municipality where the scheme will be implemented. LGPD is the body which administers the expropriation process based on the administration law, the Law on Expropriation, and this RPF. Processes and Consultation 1) The affected persons are notifiedthrough the mass'media of plans to the scheme; and 2) After public announcement, the relevant municipalities, through the LGPD starts the process as it is described below. The role of the municipalityr The respective local LGPD, where properties are being expropriated, administers the expropriation process at the local level in conjunction with the Beneficiary of Expropriation. In the first step, the municipality reviews the RAP (expropriation proposal) for accuracy. Once the municipality has all the legal and technical documents and after review, it sends an invitationto all projectaffected persons invitingthem to a meeting. If the project affected area (where land is being expropriated) is not spread out, the municipality calls for a public meeting. Otherwise it invites the project affected personsto come to the municipality one by one. During the meeting,the municipality informs the project affected persons about the project, presentsthem with all the information about the level of impact on their property with maps,their entitlement based on this RPF (a copy of the entitlement matrix and the RPF will be given to the project affected persons in the first meeting), the steps which will be taken afterward, provides them with legal advice and informs them about their rights, includingthe role of the independent grievance commission. In this meeting, there is no discussion of the comparability of the agricultural land or the concept of fair value. It is only a consultative meeting, informing the project affected persons and providing them with their entitlements and rights. Once the information process is over, then the municipality and the project affected persons come to a decision on expropriation. However, if the project affected persons have a dispute about the decision of whether expropriation should be brought or not (or if they feel that the law was not followed), the project affected person can register their concern with the Ministry of Finance, and the decision has to wait till the Ministry of Finance reviews the case, which takes between 30-60 days. The review determines whether expropriation can continue or not. The latter can only apply if there is a deficiency in the RAP or the expropriation proposal. In the case of the former, the 10Benefit of Expropriation under this RPF is consistent to the definition under the Law on Expropriation: is the entity which is performing the expropriation on behalf of the implementing entity for a particular scheme or project. In the case of the Corridor X Highway projectlprogram, the Beneficiary of Expropriation' is the Public Enterprise Roads of Serbia (PEPS), on behalf of the implementing entity, the Corridor X Limited Labiality Company (KIODOO), or in future the latter directly on its own account. -- Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 84 valuation process starts. In the case of the latter, the case automatically enters the judicial procedure, and access can be gained to the site. The ValuationStage.At the valuation stage, the Beneficiaryof Expropriationcontacts the Taxation Administrationfor the assessment of fair value for all land. In the specific case of agricultural land, the Beneficiaryof Expropriationcontacts the Ministry of Agriculture, which provides an assessment of the availability of comparable agricultural land. In addition, the Beneficiary of Expropriation hire, at its own expense, through the relevant municipality,an accredited expert (s) to assess the value of the land, agricultural ouput, businesses, and all immovable property and structures. At the request of the projectaffected persons,they can be present during the valuation process. After the valuation, the Beneficiary of Expropriation presents the offer to the project affected person. If project affected person, with or without legal title, is not satisfied with the decision on valuation, they can approach the independent grievance commission, who will mediate in the manner described earlier. The grievance is required to be registered when first put to the independent grievance commission, and the monetary amount equivalent to the assessed fair value is entered into a municipal account, in their name, in a court account in their name, or under a Bank Guarantee with a commercial Bank arranged by the 'Beneficiary of Expropriation.' At this point, the project affected person also agrees to transfer access to the land to the Beneficiary of Expropriationfor the commencement of works. If the project affected person is unhappy with the guidanceldecision of the independent grievance commission, they can apply to the court, following the standard prbcedures set forth by Serbian law. The ruling of the court also determineswho pays the cost of litigation. Transaction The purchase of land and affected properties can take place through two processes: negotiated settlement or court settlement. Negotiated Settlement If the project affected person, with legal title, agrees to a negotiated settlement, either in front of the LGPD or the independent grievance commission, then discussions between the municipality and project affected person will take place to finalize the transaction. If an agreement is reached, the project affected person, with legal title, will be paid within 15 days after the agreement on the monetary compensation or the replacement of agricultural land or property. The expropriation should be registeredin the land registry and cadastreoffice. Court Settlement A court settlement will occur if the negotiated settlement process fails. Prior to requesting a court settlement, rights to due process and appeals will be explained fully by the relevant municipalities, the independent grievance commission, the Beneficiary of Expropriation, and the irnplementirlg entity to the ownerstaffectedpersons. The municipalitywill hand over the case to the relevantcourt for valuation and registration, pursuant to the Serbian Law. Right of Appeal After failure or refusal to agree on the assessed fair value decided by the first degree court, the ownerlaffected persons can appeal the decision stated in the judgment to the appeal, second degree, court. The ruling of the court determineswho paysthe cost of litigation. Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 85 Grievance Redress Mechanism Grievances and complaints related to application of the land acquisition laws are generally addressed through courts in the normal course of events, as discussed above. Any property owner aggrieved by action or omission on the part of the acquiring agency can approach the local court to seek remedies. However, project affected people may have grievances which do not come strictly under the purview of the land acquisition laws, and the project is committed to address such grievances expeditiously. The Beneficiary of Expropriationshall establish an independent grievance commission, comprising representation from the Beneficiary of Expropriation, the implementing entity (KIODOO), and the municipalities encompassing project affected persons, together with adequate representation of project affected persons themselves. This body should be established by the Beneficiary of Expropriation at the same time as the section specific ResettlementAction Plan for any one section (expropriation proposal under the Republic of Serbia Law on Expropriation) is sent to any Municipality encompassing project affected persons; The objective of the independent grievance commission is to provide guidanceladvice, and to deal with any complainUgrievance associated with any expropriation or resettlement under the scheme. The scope of responsibility of the independent grievance commission involves the responsibility to mediate in any dispute on the comparability of offered agricultural land, or the assessed fair value for immovable property. The independent grievance commission has the possibility to hire, with costs covered by the Beneficiary of Expropriation, an accredited expert to review and assess the comparability of offered agricultural land, or the assessed fair value for immovable property. If the independent grievance commission determines that the offered agricultural land is not of comparable value, they can request the Beneficiary of Expropriationto pay the assessedfair value, as determined by the Taxation Administration. If after mediation, the project affected person, offered comparable agricultural land or assessed fair value for immovable property, disputes either the comparability or the assessment of fair value, they are free to enter the judicial process in a manner consistent with the current Law on Expropriation; Monitoring The Beneficiary of Expropriation PEPS, on behalf of the implementation entity (KIODOO), will monitor the implementation of the resettlement processes, both through internal, official institutional arrangements, as well as by an independent, external consultant, to be appointed by implementing entity. The external monitoring and evaluation consultant will be appointed prior to construction starting on any section. The WB also will monitor the implementation of RAPs prepared under the Project, for those sections financed in whole or in part from the World Bank loan, during the regular supervision missions. Cost Estimates and Budget Only rough estimates of the land requirements for the two components are available at the time of the preparation of this RPF, and it is not possible to estimate the exact cost of land acquisition and resettlement. However, the Beneficiary of Expropriation, PEPS,through its legal department,will be preparing RAPs including detailed cost estimates for each section when the main design becomes available. Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 86 Documentation Submitted to the World Bank Review Prior to obtaining final approval for each of the RAPSwith respect to the relevant land plots, the Beneficiary of Expropriation, PEPS on behalf of the implementing entity (KIODOO) will submit the plan to the World Bank for review and approval, to ensure full compliance with the Bank's Operational Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OPIBP4.12). The Bank will have up to 30 days to review and request modificationsprior to issuing a formal no-objection. Implementation Arrangements: It must be recognisedthat this report covers the motorway corridor, including the highway sections that comprise the overall Project for E75. Preparation and design work to date has devoted much attentionto routing of the motorway, particularly for new or offline sections,to avoid sensitive areas and minimize environmental impacts and social disruption. As detailed designs are not complete, aspects such as the design, layout and construction methods for tunnels and bridges, specific land which will need to be acquired, sites for construction camps, etc. are not yet known. The EIA addresses issues and impacts and mitigation measures which can be identified at this stage of design. A Corridor level Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared, which outlines the management framework (i.e. working arrangements) for how the environmental and social elements of the Project will be managed from detailed design and construction through operation. The EMP indicatesinstitutional responsibilitiesand, where possible provides estimated or indicative costs to ensure adequate budgeting for mitigation and monitoring requirements. As part of the preparationof the detailed design for each sub-section, PEPS on behalf of KIODOO, will prepare a site -specific EMP, to be approved by the Bank, for inclusion in the tender documentation for works. Following common practice in large scale infrastructure projects, contractors will be required to build on and expand this EMP to provide details of how the Project commitments are to be implemented; essentially containing 'the how, who and where'. This will take the form of a site- specific lmplementation Plan for specific aspects of operations and site management. For example, the EMP indicates that sensitive ecological assets (e.g. as nesting sites for vulnerable species) should not be disturbed and that culverts and underpasses will be designed to allow movements of animals. The site-specific ImplementationPlan will specify the location, design and operation of construction camps and will identify specific routes which are heavily used (e.g. by amphibians migratingto breeding ponds) and incorporatethese into the detailed design. Similarly, where the EMP specifies that fuels, oils and other hazardous material shall be handled and managed in accordance with best international practice, the Contractor will prepare a site- specific hazardous material management plan. The details of these site-specific lmplementation plans are subject to approval prior to beginningof works, and can then be monitored and audited to ensure adherence to national requirements and the Project level EMP. The Corridor level EIA also recommends that the Contractors produce an Environmental Management System (EMS) that is preferably IS0 14001 compliant. The Borrower's implementing agency has a separate, well staffed and trained environmental department that has already been involved in environmental supervision of the Bank financed projects in Serbia. The Government asked the World Bank to act as lead IF1in the preparation of the entire program, and contribute in parallel to the IF1financed program. During project preparation. the Bank led the -- Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 87 assessment of technical and economic viability, the review of the necessary social safeguards and environmental impact assessment, and the review of the proposed design. Under implementation, the Bank will be responsible for those sub-sections that it is financing, but harmonized bidding documents, and World Bank Procurement Guidelines, will be followed by all the lFls for all civil works in the project. In addition, the other lFls in the program have committed to harmonize all financial management requirements, reporting requirements, and safeguard policies and procedureswith those of the Bank for their respectiveparallel financedsections. Social project impact will be separately analyzed and presented in detailed through Environmental and Social Action Plan, which should be prepared by the PERS and submitted to the EBRD in May 2009. This activity, in accordance with recommendations from Due Diligence Plan (EBRD Document), is stated to be completed in accordance with the IFl's procedures. Draft document should be prepared up to May 20, 2009, while final version is due to be received up to May 27, 2009. Sector for strategy, designing and development of the PE "Roads of Serbia" is not responsible for land acquisition issues and compensation to the land owners for the structures in the project impact zone and within the Final EIA Report this sector cannot analyze and quantify the project impacts in reference to potential demolition of structures and acquisition of land for project construction. At this moment the Resettlement Policy Framework (RFP) acceptableto both the Government and the World Bank has already been preparedand will undergo a final public consultationafter which it will be formally approved. Impacts on special social groups have not yet been identified within this Final EIA Report as none have been identifiedto date. 5.7 Construction camps The nature and extent of the construction works will require the establishment of a number of Construction Camps, which will house workers, equipment, machinery, fuels and materials. The number, size and location of camps is not currently known and can and will only be determined following mobilisation of Contractors to country. It is reasonable to assume that approximately 5-8 camps will be required for E80, taking into account the lengths of road section and the large, complicatedtunnelling that is required. From and environmental and social viewpoint, construction camps pose potentially adverse impacts, due to: Additional land requirement; Storage and use of hazardous material, fuels and oils; The need for services including water, electricity, sanitation and wastewater; Potential interference with community harmony andlor community tension resulting form the presence of large numbers of workers, particularly from an influx of foreign workers, who may also be a source of sexually transmitted infections (STls) or HIV. Partly as the number, size and location of camps are not known at this stage, the most effective way to address the potentially adverse impacts is for guidelines and contractual requirementsto be established and these are presented in the EMP in Section 7 of this report. -. Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 88 5.8 Cumulative impacts The existence of other structures in the study area as well as possible construction and operation of new facilities may exacerbate impacts when combined with those resulting from operation of the Project highway. In such circumstances it may be possible for the combined impacts to exceed environmental limits or standards. Therefore, as part of the fieldwork for the EIAs, data on the possibility of occurrence of these cumulative impacts were collected by noting the presence of these structureswithin the impact zone of the road. Due to the terrain for most of the route from Grabovnica to FYRM border the existing road and communication infrastructure is confined in a corridor and thus the Project highway is located roughly parallelto the existing main railroad Nis - Skopje, at a distance of 50 -300 m. This type of mutual positioning results in cumulative noise impacts. This fact was taken into consideration during the EIA modelling of noise levels in the impact zone. From km 890+700 to km 891+700 the highway route passes near the stone quarry Momin Kamen. Emissions of gases and dust due to excavation and grinding of stone aggregate, together with emissions of pollutants from traffic operation in the air, represent a cumulative impact that may be mitigated by appliance of stricter regulations in relation to operation of the stone quarry. Construction of highway maintenance centres is envisaged for km 872+600 (Grdelica interchange) and near Vranje interchange, on km 920+050. There is a possibility that cumulative impacts of these facilities and the road exceed the permitted values of pollutants concentrations in the air as well as noise limits, which will be tested through ElAs prepared for these structures. On km 919+000 there is a complex of structures of Tobacco Industry of Vranje. Cumulative impacts, as the case is for the motel near Vranje junction and Vladicin Han, are possible in relation to air and water pollution. For the sections of the highway positioned near Vladicin Han and Vranje, no significant cumulative impacts are expected. Major new induced development along the route of the highway per se is not anticipated, as new highway accesses to only existing facilities and connecting roads will be constructed as part of the Project. The Project highway aims, inter alia, to stimulate economic development and improve communication both regionally and internationally. However, the majority of the areas through which the highway is routed are rural in nature and continue to suffer from out-migration, as people move to the larger cities and towns in search of work etc. The socio-economic studies to be undertaken in the context of preparing RAPSwill explore this issue further, but it is not expected that the improved highway connection resulting from the project will have a significant impact on this overall demographic trend, such as stimulating large in-migraitons or substantial new development.. Improved highway connections, especially those that facilitate movement across international borders always raise the theoretical potential for inadvertently aiding illegal actions such as trafficking of drugs. The border between Macedonia and Serbia includes checks on identity and customs declarations.The smuggling of narcotics across this border is not a particular problem and improvedcommunicationsare not anticipated to lead to an increase in illegal activities. The overall conclusion from the studies undertaken to date is that adverse significant cumulative impacts are not envisaged as a result of Project implementation. 5.9 Trans-boundary effects In some cases the effects of projects may be so wide ranging that they impact the quality of the environment of other, primarily neighbouring, countries. For this reason, within the environmental impact assessment, it is necessary to have the analysis of risk of transfer of impacts beyond the Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 89 borders of the country subject to the project implementation. The procedure itself is subject to the Espoo (EIA) Conventionon EIA,which has not been signed and ratified in the Republic of Serbia. The potential cumulative impacts are outlined in the previous section, which has a bearing on potential trans-boundary effects. Trans-boundary effects could occur during construction or during operation of the highway. Transfer of negative impacts beyond the borders of Serbia may result from high intensity of impacts and the immediate vicinity of the impacts' source in relation to borders of other countries. Results of the impacts modelling (especiallyfor noise and air quality) for the road indicated that transfer of these impacts is limited to the highway corridor zone, which is typically within the boundaries of 500 m on either side of the highway. The terrain configurationof the Project highway naturallyavoids potential trans-border transfer of impacts. The watercourses in the catchment of the South Morava River and any potential accidents that may cause elevated levels of pollution in rivers would not affect Macedonia. The only impact that may result in degradation of environment conditions at a regional or global level is air pollution, i.e. emission of air pollutants causing greenhouse effect due to combustion of fuels of vehicles using the Project highway. The highway routing passes predominantly through rural areas,, which have seen out-migration in recent years. The nearest small village to the border with Macedonia is approximately 5km away and current access to the road network is good and no large new settlements are anticipated. Whilst one of the purposes of the improved Project highway is to encourage economic development, it is not anticipated that large scale developmentsaffecting neighbouring countries or large in-migrations will occur simply due to the presence of an improved highway connection. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES The Preliminary design of the E-75 Motorway, Ni5 - FYROM border, has identified a preferred route, based on several design criteria, including design speeds, curve radii and inclines and has considered feasible alternatives where they existed. As part of the evaluation of alternative components of the Project, environmental and social aspects were considered alongside engineering and cost parameters, as part of a multicriterial evaluation. Maximum priority has been given to the construction costs, traffic safety and environmental and social issues during routing and layout. Operational expenses were assigned a lower priority, along with land take costs. Regarding analysis and mitigation of the corridor impact - maximum attention has been given to noise, pollution and biodiversity impact, while vibrations and visual impact were considered as a lower priority. During the process of adopting the Final Design, the Review Committee suggested to cover one or more variants when preparingthe Preliminary Design of the Motorway NiS - FYROM border. For an easier preparation of the technical documentation, the Preliminary Design of the E-75 Motorway, Belgrade -FYRM border was divided into sections: Grabovnica - Grdelica Grdelica (Gornje Polje) Cariiiina Dolina - CariEina Dolina VladiEin Han - VladiEin Han- Donji Neradovac Donji Neradovac -Levosoje Levosoje -Bukurevac Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 90 Bukurevac border of FYRM - 5.10 Grabovnica - Grdelica Section The Preliminary Design of the Motorway E-75, Belgrade FYROM border, Grabovnica - -Grdelica section, defined two alternativesfor the adopted Red bridge variant: the Red variant - basic variant from the General Design, the Green variant. The Green variant branches off from the Red variant at km 868+393.67 and runs along the left bank of the South Morava River. The proposed solution is only to widen two existing bridges (across a local road and the Slatina River). The remainingparts of the Green variant route use the existing M-I road as a part of the basic plan for the right lane. In the Green variant the route joins the Red variant and is longer on this stretch by 335.57mthan the Red variant. The position of the Green variant of the Motorway in the zone of Burgic hamlet is distinctly unfavourable,since, among other challenges, it isolates inhabitants of the hamlet, and a local road must be built for them to travel, for their basic needs, toward Velika Kopasnica and Mala Kopasnica, and toward their local centre - Grdelica town. From the aspect of environmental protection of the hamlet, it is necessary to say that noise protection of these residential buildings is very expensive, more expensive than their demolition, since they are in the zone of less than 50m from the road. If such a position would be assumed, at least 30 relatively dilapidated residential buildings would be demolished, which would certainly create additional social problems on municipallevel, since all these buildings have many residents. 5.11 Gornje Polje - CariEina Dolina Section In the General Design of the E-75 Motorway, the passing through Grdelica gorge was adopted as the most favourable corridor-forthe future Motorway. In the Preliminary Design preparation process, two basic variants of the Motorway passingthrough Grdelica gorge were considered. This section was considered in two variants: Hilly route -a variant solution where the route is on the right bank of the South Morava River, and is mostly designed on slopes above the existing MP E-75 main road, with the length of approx. 12.60 km; this variant solution calls for the construction of a number of tunnels and a completely new regionalroad. Valley route -a new variant solution where the route is partly on the left bank of the South Morava River until Predejane settlement (Bakarni potok) and mostly on the right bank of the South Morava River on the level or below the existing MP E-75 main road, in the length of about 12.00 km, too; this variant solution requires new and complete control of lateral water courses on the left bank, the control of the South Morava River, but the existing main road, with minor adjustments, would be kept as an alternative road; this variant was prepared as requested and adopted in the process of evaluation. - Public Enterprise "Roads o f Serbia" Page 91 5.12 Carieina dolina - VladiCin Han Section According to the adopted General Design, the corridor of this section in its first part, in the length of about 6 km, covers the South Morava River valley, i.e. Grdelica gorge. After passing by Momin Kamen, the Motorway leaves Grdelica gorge, bypasses Vladicin Han town, and goes back to the South Morava River valley, i.e. into the corridor of the existing M -1 main road. When evaluating variants of the Motorway,two variants of the Motorway route on CariEina dolina - Momin Kamen Section, in the length of about 5.2 km, were taken into consideration. The first variant is the Red variant and the second is the Green variant. The Green variant was found to be more favorable one. The Red variant stretches in the zone of the existing M - 1 main road. One of the crucial points of this variant is the passing of the Motorway route through Diep settlement. By its position, the Motorway route divides the settlement into two parts becoming a substantial physical obstacle between the part of the settlement stretching in the Dzep River valley, and the other part locatedon the right bank of the South Morava River. The Red variant route leaves the zone of the existing M - 1 main road at the exit from Dzep, and stays on the right bank,while the existing road goes over a bridge to the left bank of the South Morava River. A very narrow corridor at several places required the use of successive curves in the same direction, which is not favourable from the aspect of driving dynamics and design standards. 5.13 VladiEin Han - Donji Neradovac Section In the Preliminary Design, the given VladiEin Han - Donji Neradovac Section was divided into the following sectors: Sector 3: VladiEin Han -Prevalac (km 900+100-910+188.55); Sector 4: Prevalac- Suvi Do1(km 910+188.55 -919+176.86); Sector 5a: Suvi Dol Donji Neradovac (km 919+176.86 - -926+358.18). The corridor of the designed Motorway is situated on the right bank of the Soufh Morava River and follows, more or less, the river bed to Mazaraca village at km 913 + 000. Then the route goes across to the left bank to the end of the Section, still following, in general, the South Morava River valley. On the given section no variant solutions were considered. As opposed to Sectors 3 and 4 where the Motorway route was guided along the route of the existing M -1main road, this section was relativelyfree of constraints.The route of the existing M- ImainroadwasleftbecauseofthevicinityofVranjetown.Ifthishadnotbeendone,theroleofan alternative road receiving all local traffic would have been assumed by the present R - 214 regional road that .passes through the center of Vranje. This would greatly exacerbate traffic in Vranje, comparing to the condition before the constructionof the Motorway,which would be unacceptable. 5.14 Donji Neradovac - Levosoje Section Two Motorway variants were considered: Variant 1, involvingthe constructionof a new carriageway mostly on the right side, and Variant 2, involving the construction of a new carriageway mostly on the left side. The selection of the favoured option and its configurationwas heavily influenced by connectionsto existing roads to settlements and the need to avoid heavy traffic loads in settlements. - Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 92 6. PUBLIC CONSLILTATION In respect to environmental safeguard issues, the Client (PEPS) has already prepared 12 sub- section ElAs on preliminary1feasibility designs in accordance with Serbian legislation. The national disclosure process encompassedfour rounds of public consultations for each sub-section (on TOR for environmental consultant, on scope of environmental assessment, on draft EIA and on draft final EIA) and were carried out in period from 2006 to 2009. The sub-section ElAs have been approved by the Serbian Ministry of Environment. In accordance with OPlBP 4.01 the Borrower has engaged an independent consultant to prepare two Corridor Level ElAs (one for E-75 and one for E-80). Besides consolidating the sub-section EIAs, the Corridor Level ElAs also addressed the cumulative, induced, indirect and transboundary impacts. The draft EIA has been received by the Bank and commented upon. The Client subsequently updated the Corridor Level ElAs and prepared a final version of the document. The in-country disclosure of draft Corridor Level ElAs was carried out in the period from February 25 (whenthe documents were made publicly available on site and at the Client's web site) to March 11 and 12 (when the public meetings were held in Vranje (for E-75). Public announcements in Serbian and English were published in the daily newspaper Politika, inviting the public, authorities and relevant institutionsto have an insight into the EIA for the Project. Priorto announcementin the newspapers,the EIA was deliveredto the Municipalityof Vranje and published on the PE "Roads of Serbia" web site. Representatives of the local self-government informed the public through their local media of the time and place of public consultations. The first draft Final EIA document was received by PEPS on April 7, 2009. This first draft final EIA document remains available at the Client's web site. Comments to the draft final EIA document can be sent to the Client's environmentalunit from February25, 2009 onwards. During the public consultations, there were no significant remarks in regards to environmental protectionissues. Two of the main general issues raised by residentswere: Severance of access to agricultural lands;and Potentialinterferenceldamageto water sources, such as springs and wells. During the discussions, the highway designers gave assurances that severance issues would be further considered during the detailed design and the principlefollowed in the current design was to maintain recognised crossing points by the provision of footpaths or bridges. Potential damage to water resources would also be considered during detailed design and where required, pipes or culvertswould allow continued flow of water resourcesunderneaththe road. Consultation and disclosure of the RPF has also been carried out in accordance with the requirements of OP 4.12, with a copy of the draft entitlement matrix given to all affected people. And the RPF in draft form was officially disclosed in both English and Serbian on the website of the Beneficiary of Expropriationon April 2, 2009. The final version was disclosed on May 20, 2009. In addition, hard copies of the RPF, both in English and Serbian, were posted in the relevant organizations,as well as affected municipalities.The draft was also disclosed on the WB lnfoshop on April 2, 2009. The final version was disclosed on May 28, 2009. As individual RAPSare prepared, they will be disclosed in the same manner. Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 93 PIJOI.iC r:rJlEi:Pi:iSI: ROADS OF SERRIA I:alnarilo oneparuo~olnonbtrnliMCseirKc Sanue (On4 01) In accordance wltii the 1Z'R Operatlonai Polic~es(UP4.03) J a s ~ onpenysehe ,,Ily~esnCpbuje" Public Enterprise ,,Roadsof Serbia" n03~1sa HA Issuesan invltation for JABHE KOHCYflTALlMJE PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS jas~ocr,opraHe rr opranusaunle aeflHrepecosaue 3a for the public, hodies and organizations interestedin CArJlEAABAbEACIIEKTA 3AUlTMTE EVALUATINGTHE ASPECTS OF X M B O T W H H E 3 A flPOJEKAT THE ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONOF AYTOflY - MUI rPAHMUA SJPM - IGHWAY, NIS AeoHMUa: pa oeHnL(a rpaHlrqa 6JPM - -FYRM BORDER Section:Grahovnlca- FYRM border 'onn Y M~leewrajo yr~i~ajurdanpojeura Ira x u e o r ~ cpenwy ce uome y Interested partiescan get an insight into tile EIAStudyon the premlses ,3BPWYTI.I nPOCTOp~aMa ~n.nyreBucP6,,je-, EyneRapKpama Of the Public Enterprise .,Roadsof Serbia". Bul. kraija Aeksnndra 282. aHnpa282, KaHllenap,,ja hp, ,,a npyroM c,lpary, cBaKor panHor Qa. ,a on 11no 33 Llacosa on naHa onnaHa 06,asmnsa,+,a osor . Office No. 5, on the second floor, on working days from 11;oo AM (0 ,5asewre,+,a. 01:OO Phl (local time). withln 10days in regards to the date of ptrbllc an- nouncement of this invitation. iau~repecoea~aj a s ~ o c rMomena u ~ e p u ~ ~ ~ycanpmMHy npenMer- y e u n Additionally, the interested pubiic can get an insight into the suDjecr lor kl~sewrajacsaKor panHor nanay npocTopujaMa CO Bpalae, ynuua EIA Study on the premlsesof Vranje Munlc~pality.Petog kongresa 1,on leror nonrpeca 1..y p o ~ on 10naHa onnana o6jae1bueamaoeor oha- y working days, within 10days in regards to the date of public announce- elurelba. ment of this inv~talion. Ipnmenbe u Mnrufioba t ~ aUnsewraj o 3acuruTu x r s a f ~ ecpenutqece' Remcarr~se.Roads of Serum' Bul *rails . - , - ap rpama A n e ~ c a ~ 282.6eorpa~. ~ p a Aleksandra 282. Belgrade. l a ~ 12.3.2009. ronuHe,ca noreTKoMy 12 qacosa6uhe onpmanajaa- a On March 12, 2009, at 12:00 AM (local time), public cocsultations and a pacnpasa u npeae~lrausljanpenMerHe c~ynujey npocTopuJa~aCO presentationofthesubjectstudywill beorganized on thepremisrsofvra. :patbe. 3a aonarue vtn+op~aunjeofiparurw ce >lacneneny anpecy: nje Municipality. If you needanyadditional information, pleasecontact: J ~ B H Onpenysehe , n y ~ e s uCp6uje" Public Enterprise "Roads o f Serbia" 6ynesap K p a h a A n e ~ c a ~ n 282,p a Environmental Department 110006eorpan. Peny6nn~aCp6wja, Bul, ltralja Aleksandra 282 C e ~ ~ sa pnnaHnpatbe, n p o j e ~ ~ o e a t buepaasoj o 11000Belgrade Onehelae sa 3 a w ~ u xuBoTne CpenuHe ~ y Te1.+38111/ 30-40-632 Ten.+38111/ 30-40-632 Fax+38111/ 30-40-614 l p a ~ c + 3 8 1 1 1 /30-40-614 e-maik igor.radovicOputevi-srbije.rs e-mail: igor.radovic8putevi-5rbije.r~ *Announcement in daily newspaper ("Politika",February25, 2009) Public Consultations were concluded on March 12, 2009, from 12 to 02 PM (local time), by presentation of the subject EIA on the premises of the Municipality of Vranje. Presentation of the EIA for the E-75 highway Project, Nis -FYRM Border, Section Grabovnica - FYRM Border, was attended by representatives of the Municipality of Vranje, EIA Author, WB representative, representatives of the PE "Roads of Serbia" and the interested public. List of participants is included in this Report. During the public consultations, there were no significant remarks in regards to environmental protection issues. However, during analysis of the Project social aspect, representative of the local self-government Vladicin Han made a remark about the position of the designed alignment for part of the road from Caricina Dolina to Momin Kamen. The citizens expressed their worry about the expected negative impacts of the accepted alignment position on its social surroundings. Representativesof the local community believe that the alignment should not have been designedout of the settlement andthat accepted position can cause job deficits and initialize migration of people, as economic facilities are located mostly out of the prospective road reserve area. The highway designers explainedthe need for a major highway to be routed outside of residential areas for a variety of reasons, including noise, air quality, land constraints and safety. They also provided details of how connectionswill be Public Enterprise"Roads of Serbia" Page 94 made from local areas to the motorway, to ensure sufficient access and promote economic development. Representatives of the local self-government Leskovac made a remark on the EIA for part of the section from Grdelica to Caricina Dolina, from km 873+714 to km 855+726.74. The citizens complained about the accepted concept of pavement drainage for the section Grdelica -Caricina Dolina: since for this location treatment of contaminated waters by oil and grease separators was not stated underthe design. Besides the abovementioned remarks,.there were no significant remarks to designed solution during public consultations. Most of the expressed questions and comments, referred to details of technical solutions for environmental protection, while some of the items of the Environmental Management Plan were discussed (vibrations,types of filters for air treatment in tunnels, scope of monitoringactivities and other). Two of the main general issues raised by residents were: Severance of access to agricultural lands; and Potentialinterferenceldamageto water sources, such as springs and wells. During the discussions, the highway designers gave assurances that severance issues would be further considered during the detailed design and the principlefollowed in the current design was to maintain recognised crossing points by the provision of footpaths or bridges. Potential damage to water resources would also be considered during detailed design and where required, pipes or culvertswould allow continuedflow of water resourcesunderneaththe road. Table 6-1 List of Public Consultations Participants Name and Address and Contact Institution e-mail Surname Phone No. Brace Jugovica 2 Jovan Stojkovic physicalentity jovanstojkovic@ptt.rs n a c - farka Zrenjan~na25 Dragan Dordevic physical entity 17 500 Vranje Municipality of VladiEin Han Dragan +381 64 50 68 397 Dimitrijevic Deputy President of VladiEin Han Municipality Aleksandar physical entity +381 18 51 08 00 NikoliC Vlajko Mitrovic Motel Df ep Milan StojakoviC I (+381 61 18 43 774 1 I Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 95 / Motel ~ Z e p I I I Name and Address and Contact Institution e-mail Surname Phone No. I I Municipality I of Vranje 1 1 Member of Town +381 17 40 23 28 nela.cvetkovic@hotmail.co Nela CvetkOvie Council for Ecology and 648907677 rn Tourism and Catering , +381 ( Industry ugostiteljstvo 1 I 1 I I I Municipality of Vranje Dragana Secretariat for +381 1741 15 04 Miladinovic Inspection and Environmental I Protection WB representative, Mr. Nikola llle Author of the EIA, Mr. MikSa B. Jovanovic PE ,,PuteviSrbije": lgor Radovic, Mimoza JeliCic, DuSica Milinkovic Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 96 7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 7.1 Introduction This section of the report presents an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for this section of the Project, which outlines the management framework (i.e. working arrangements) for how the environmental and social elements of the Project will be managed from detailed design and construction through operation. It is recommended by this study that the Contractors produce an Environmental Management System (EMS) that is preferably IS0 14001 compliant and required that they prepare an lmplementation Plan, or an operational management plan, covering all aspects of the construction of the project. The concept and use of EMPs has continued to evolve over recent years, with one of the main drivers being the successful implementation of recommendationsand procedures advocated in Project EMPs. It is now common practice in large scale infrastructureprojects for the ESlA to requirethe Contractor(s) to build on the EMP presented in the bidding documentsto provide details of how the Project commitments are to be implemented; essentially containing 'the how, who and where'. Thus where an EMP specifies that fuels, oils and other hazardous material shall be handled and managed in accordance with best international practice, many projects include a requirement for the Contractor to produce a Project specific hazardous material management plan. The details of this Project specific implementation plan can then be monitored and audited so that the Project is compliant to both national legislation and International Financial Institution policy and standards. In this regard this EIA therefore recommends that the contract includes the requirement for Contractors to develop the implementation plans listed below shortly after mobilisation, which require approval by the supervision consultantfor the environmental and social aspects. The recommendationfor assigning the responsibilityto Contractors is viewed to be a more efficient strategy than placing the E&S performance burden on the Koridor 10 D.O.O. (KIODOO) per se or on the independent supervision consultants for the environmental and social aspects of the project. This takes into account the limited experience of KIODOO in implementing potentially environmentally sensitive projects and the fact that international Contractors may be much more familiar with this way of working and may even operate IS0 Environmental Management Systems, as this is becoming more widespread. Thus they should readily be able to produce Project specific lmplementation Plans that also meet the requirements of the site specific EMP in the bidding documents and national legislation. The added value of such plans is that they will be very Project specific and can be compiled as part of construction planning for aspects such as fuel stores, plant selection and performance and material sourcing and sub contracting. The Project already includes an allowance for an Independent Environmental Consultant (IEC) resource to monitor and audit all aspects. The preparation of EMPs will fit very readily into this arrangement, allowing the IEC to firstly approve and then audit individual Contractor Implementation Plans during monitoring and report the findings and any recommended remedial actions to KIODOO. These monitoring results are anticipated to be available to the lFls and other relevant stakeholders to ensure transparency of the environmental management of Project implementation. Details of the contractual arrangements and number and location of construction camps are not know fully at this stage, but an estimate of the number of camps is between 5 and 8, based on the number of road sections. The contracts will conform to international and World Bank standards, which will include international H&S standards to protect all workers and community members in the vicinity of the works. Thus it is anticipated that all workers will be trained in their tasks; all job items will be subject to prior risk assessment; Contractors will provide an inherently Public EnterprisenRoads of Serbia" Page 97 safe place of work, with safe standards and appropriate training; and workers will conform to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) requirements. In view of this, an exhaustive list of H&S standards and procedureshas not been included in the EMPs. 7.2 Serbian Legislation Environmental regulations represent the combination of all measures required under the relevant planning documents. 'This group includes legal measures and measures provided for under other ordinances, norms, standards and relevant regulationswhich set forth this issue. The specific issue concerning the highway i.e. its potential environmental effect does not fall under the scope of a particular regulation, regardless of its importance. The Law on Environmental Protection (Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia No. 135104) has dictated the basic statutory provisions and the requirementfor preparationof ElAs which have been an integral part of planning and design with referenceto the issue of environmentalprotection. The following environmental protection measures and requirements are prescribed under the Law on Environmental Protection (Official Gazette of RS No. 135104): preventive measures environmental protectionrequirements hazardous material mitigation measures programsand plans The following regulations have also been used for the compilationof this report: Law on Environmental Protection (Official Gazette of RS No. 135104); Law on Environmental Impact Assessment (Official Gazette of RS No. 135104); Law on Planning and Construction (Official Gazette of RS No. 47103, 34/06) Water Law (Official Gazette of SRS (Federal Republic of Serbia) No. 46/91, 67/93, 53193,48194, 54/96); Road Law (Official Gazette of SRS No. 46191, 52191, 52191, 67193, 48194, 42198, 101105); Law on Urban and Spatial Planning (Official Gazette of SRS No. 44195); Law on Occupational Safety (Official Gazette of SRS No.42191); Law on Occupational Safety - supplement (Official Gazette of SRS No. 53193); Law on Cultural Heritage Preservation(Official Gazette of SRS No. 28177, 34181, 71194); Law on Cultural Heritage Preservation supplement (Official Gazette of SRS No. 47187,); - Law on Water Supply Sources Protection (Official Gazette of SRS NO.27177); Law on Agricultural Land (Official Gazette of RS No. 49192, 53193, 67193, 48194, 46196, 62106,) Law on Spatial Planning of the Republic of Serbia; Chapter 5. Tourism and Environmental Protection and Natural and Cultural Heritage protection (Official Gazette of RS No. 13/96); Forest Law (Official Gazette of RS No. 46196, 83192, 53193, revision 67193,48194, 54196); Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 98 Regulation on Contents of Environmental Impact Assessment (Official Gazette of RS No. 69/05); Regulation on Road Design (Official Bulletin of SFRJ (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) No. 35/81); Regulationon FuelTransport (Official Bulletinof SFRJ, No. 26/85); Regulationon Hazardous Substances in Water (Official Gazette of FRS No. 31/82, 46/91); Regulations on Methods of Defining Sanitation Zones and Areas of Drinking Water Supply Facilities (Official Gazette of FRS No. 33/78.); Regulation on Limit Values, Pollution Concentration Measuring Methods, Criteria for Determining Measuring Points and Data Recording (Official Gazette of RS No. 54/92, 30199, 19/06); Regulationon Allowed EnvironmentNoise Levels (Official Gazette of RS No. 54/92), Regulation on Method and Minimal Number of Wastewater Quality Tests (Official Gazette of RS No. 47/83, 13/84, 46/91) Regulation on Chemical Risk and Environment Pollution Assessment, Preparation Measuresand RemediationMeasures(OfficialGazette of RS No. 60194, 63/94) Regulation on Waste Oil Management(Official Gazette of RS No. 60108) Regulation on Classification of Inter-RepublicWatercourses, International Waters and the Sea of Yugoslavia (Official Bulletin of SFRJ, No. 3/68). Order on Water Categorization(OfficialGazette of RS No. 31/82). Order on Road and Railroad Transportation of Hazardous Substances (Official Gazette of RS No. 53/02) Order on Organizing and Training Civil Defense Units and on Mitigation Measures and Rescue of Civilian Population and Material Assets (Official Bulletin of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, No. 54/94). Taking into consideration the limited environmental regulations relating to road construction under local legislation, regulationsand guidelines of other countries which have been used in international projects have been used. Guidelines covering general aspects have been used, Merkblatt zur Umweltver-traglichkeitsstudie in der Strassenplanung, especially concerning the issue of noise (Richtlinienfur den Larmschutzan Strassen, RLS - 90)and the issue of air pollution (Merkblatt uber Luftverunreinigungenan Strassen, Mlus - 92). 7.3 General mitigation during construction As described earlier in this report, general environmental protection will be contractually provided for in the organization and planning of the work and operations on each work site. Each Contractor will build upon the mitigation measures described in the EIA and EMP and will prepare his own implementation (or management) plan, to include inter alia Traffic and access management plan, Waste and wastewater management plan, and Oil and fuel storage management plan (see Table 8-2). These plans will provide details of working practices, procedures and equipment that he proposes to arrange to ensure compliance to the HSE standards specified in the contract, which will conform to best practice and World Bank standards. -- Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 99 Many of the general environmental protection measures w~llalready be included in the construction contract, which is to be of international standard (FIDIC et af). Thus each Contractor will provide details of his particular arrangements on his work sites, giving information of, for example, which licensed waste disposal facilities he will use and how he will organize traffic in the vicinity of his work sites. It is understood that each Contractor will include HSE staff as part of his workforce and they will report to the HSE staff of the Project Management Consultant advising KIODOO. In addition, the Project is to include Independent Environmental Consultants to provide informal advice and undertake monitoring and auditing. All construction sites will be managed in accordance with national legislation on construction and HSE, such as the Law on Occupational Safety and the Law on Occupational Health and Safety and the Regulation on Occupational Safety for Construction Works (Official Gazette of RS, No. 53197). Sites for work camps, laydown areas and temporary accesses will take up a minimal area which is necessary for site functioning, and should avoid sensitive features which may be important for flora and fauna, cultural heritage or be valuable to local communities. All work camps will be requiredto conform to international HSE standards and will thus be furnished with sanitary and wastewater collection and disposalltreatment facilities and will operate fully compliant waste systems, involving storage of waste by waste category (European Waste Code). These requirements will be included within the contracts for construction, which should ensure that contractors include sufficient budget for effective HSE management. It is unfeasible to indicate in the table below the costs for waste and wastewater collection, treatment and disposal at this stage, as the size, nature and location of camps is not known. Thus the choice of technology is unknown, which could range from a temporary connection to a foul sewer or provision and operation of portable sanitary wastewater treatment facilities. Strict protection will be afforded to all areas outside agreed construction zones, meaning that areas outside the highwaylwork site section may not be used as permanent or temporary stock piling areas, borrow pits, parking areas or equipment repair areas. Topsoil removal, handling and appropriate storage will be implemented, so as to reuse the topsoil for reclamation and bio-restoration. Storage of all hydrocarbons will be within secondary containment and shall be protected from damage and interference from unauthorised third parties. Handling of fuels, oil and petroleum derivatives during construction will be restricted to facilities with dedicated mitigation measures, such as hard standing or sheeting so as to prevent spillage. All oil and petroleum contaminated materials will be collected, treated as hazardous waste and taken to controlled disposal sites. Opening unapproved access roads to construction sites will be prohibited. Equipment will be parked only in designated places, which will be provided with measures to prevent soil pollution from fuels and oils and petroleum derivatives. Should soil become polluted with hydrocarbons it will be treated as special waste and removed off site to licensed and Project approved disposal sites, in accordance with the Contractors' Waste Management Plans (WMPs). Systematical collection of solid waste during construction (including food and material packaging, and other waste types) will be undertaken and will be disposed of in agreed licensed facilities, in accordance with the WMPs. Cleaning equipment and vehicles will only be allowed in dedicated facilities, designed to avoid ground and water pollution. Similarly, washing out of concrete mixers and uncontrolled removal of remaining concrete will be a controlled operation; the use of 'slush pits' (lined pits) or tanks will be employed for washing out concrete contaminated equipment following concrete pours. The Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 100 resultant set concrete can then be disposed of as inert solid waste or re-used in bulk fill areas as appropriate. To avoid adverse effects on river morphology and to prevent pollution it will be necessary to organise and plan all in-river works, preferably by a permit-to-worksystem, which should effectively make such operations a 'controlled activity'. The implementation of such a system is straightforward and requires each Contractor to carefully plan potentially sensitive operations such as in-river works. Typical procedurescan include: Undertaking works outside of highwater and flood events; Providing training to machine operators regardingthe sensitivities and working procedures to be followed; Checking all machines and equipment for leaks prior to use; Use of biodegradableoils and lubricants (which is actually becoming more readily available and is becoming standard practicefor Contractorsworking near watercourses); Preparing site specific emergency plans to respond to any incidents or spillages of hazardous material; Storing all fuels a safe distance from the watercourse; Preventing re-fuelling near the watercourse and/or taking precautionary measures to prevent spillage. Upon completion of material extraction, all borrow pits and waste disposal sites will be reinstated wherever possible to reduce the visual effect and allow re-establishment of natural vegetation. Limitations to this will occur, especially where material is extracted from currently operating, licensed quarries, in which Project influences are restricted,as will be the case for already licensed waste disposal facilities. 7.4 Emergency planning During the construction phase Emergency plans will be prepared by all Contractors and will link to other plans, such as the Waste Management and Oil and Fuel storage plans. The Emergency plans will determine the responses to unforeseen incidents and accidents and allow co-ordination with the EmergencyServices as appropriate. During the highway operation, the highway authorities will prepare Emergency Plans for the Project sections and will integrate such plans into existing procedures and plans. Considering the potential for accidents involving vehicles which transport hazardous substances, particular mitigation measures are necessary: The most important aspects of emergency plans in the event of accidents, i.e. car/HGV spillages of hazardous materialsare: Good organization of on-site emergencyteams; Good supply of equipment for operations in the event of accidents; Good supply of special clothing and other protective equipment which enables operation under such circumstances; Quick decision-makingduring on-site emergency operations. Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 101 The highway design takes into consideration the potential for spillage on a risk basis, such as elevated sections of carriageway and provides for crash barrierslguardrails, to reduce the chances of spillage from vehicles rolling down embankments. Similarly, bridges provide a greater risk of pollution to water courses. In view of the difficulty of conducting remediation works if hazardous material enters water courses, the principle is to prevent their entry by provision of speed restrictions, raised curbs and guardrails. The roads maintenance authority will be prepared for spillages of hazardous materials by maintaining specialist equipment such as pumps and sorbent clean up equipment and by providing plans for their proper disposal. They will also undertake regular maintenance, including cleaning of grit and oillwater separators. Typical responses to accidental spillage of oil and petroleum products from road tankers and other vehicles include the following: Close up damaged tanks; Collect the pollutant which is escaping; Pump out the materialwhich remained in the damaged tanks; Build trenches to collect the spilled material; Cover affected areas on the ground with sorbent, remove material which has collected on the surface, remove saturated soil to a disposal site, in accordance with the Regulation on Criteria for Defining Locations and Organizing Waste Material Disposal Sites; Remove contaminated layers of soil and backfill with uncontaminated soil. Pump out contaminated water from wells near the spillage; Agricultural land affected by spillage should not be used for food production for an appropriate period. The transportation of hazardous chemicals and materials is governed by legislation and emergency response planning forms part of national response strategies involving specialist Government Departments. 7.5 Operational aspects Several aspects of highway operation and management have environmental implications and are presented in this section, as follows: The highway will have the necessary road surface marking and traffic signs, which will include all forms of necessary restrictions and notices; Operational plans for winter maintenance will take into account environmental protection; The embankment slopes will generally be landscaped to provide visual improvement, prevent driver landscape fatigue and prevent surface erosion; Due to potential soil pollution resulting from highway operation, a buffer zone of grass will be provided of approximately 5m width, with the grass not used for ljvestock feed. No herbicides will be used to control weeds; Consideration will be given to reducing salinization of the soil surrounding the highway due to winter maintenance with sodium chloride by substituting it with other substances having Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 102 similar or better defrosting effect. If salt is used for maintenance, planning and disposal of material will be evaluated; Carriageway drainage will take into account any environmental sensitivities along the road during detailed design; Consideration has already been given to prevention of soil and waster pollution by designing 'closed drainage' systems for sensitive sections, which incorporate filtration of oils and grit. The sumps will be emptied periodically as part of highway maintenance operations. Monitoring of the ongoing effects of the road will be undertaken as part of the national monitoring system for highways, which will include measuring air and noise levels periodically. 7.6 Monitoring Monitoring of the effects of the Project will commence during the construction phase and will continue during operation of the highway. The present EMP sets out the basic parameters to be monitored in order to determine that mitigation measures identified above are being implemented effectively. These are discussed below. For many aspects such as air and water quality and directed drainage of water runoff from roads, Serbian legislation sets the standards to be met. Following award of contracts for construction, the individual Contractors will work with K lOD00 to develop a detailed monitoring programme with specified targets for each indicator, which will be tailored to the requirements of each road sub-section and the elements of the Contractor's EMS and site-specific EMP. Each Contractor will develop a written monitoring programme that will be evaluated by the independent environmental consultants and Project stakeholders, including statutory agencies. Pollution of watercourses in this area (River Juzna Morava, Valley Seliska Dolina, Vircina, Valley Katiceva Dolina, Seliste, Koznicka, Vrla, River Slatinska Reka and streams Kopasnicnki Potok, Vojnicki Potok and Oraovicki Potok) has been observed, due to poor wastewater and municipal water treatment, which drain into those watercourses and agricultural activity. The baseline used for monitoring should reflect this. Similarly, some sections of the study area are suffering elevated noise levels, due to traffic noise. The current state is characterized by traffic on the present road . network: main road M - 1, regional road P - 214 and the Belgrade Skoplje railway. - 7.7 Construction Phase During constructionthe Contractors monitoring responsibilitieswill be determined by the monitoring plan that will be developed in conjunction with the SUPERVISION CONSULTANT and relevant statutory authorities, shortly after mobilisation to country.. Indicator parameters will include BOD, COD, suspended solids, oils and greases, and any other site-specific parameters based on the nature of the site and the construction activities to be carried out. In areas of higher ecological sensitivity indicatorswill reflect the need for greater protection and monitoringwill be more intense. 7.7.1 Noise Noise exposure levels are specified under the Regulation on Allowed Environment Noise Levels (Official Gazette RS, No.54192). Noise measuring equipment will be used to establish a background or baseline and then during construction to establish increases in level and hence compliance to the standards. It is recognised that the best approach to noise control during construction works is Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 103 require the use of equipment which conforms to noise standards, such as 85dBA and then monitor the issue on an ongoing basis, including reacting to any nuisance complaints by local residences or businesses. If acceptable noise levels are exceeded, implementing mitigation such as temporary screening or re-arranging work sites this will be the responsibility of the Contractors' environmental and construction site staff. 7.7.2 Air Pollution Air pollution monitoring during construction includes air quality assessment in the vicinity of the populated areas, based on legal standards. Parameters to be monitored include particulate matter, nitrous oxides, carbon dioxide and monoxide, Additional monitoring of the construction site impact to air quality will be performed in the event of complaints from the local population. Air quality measurement will be complemented by visual observations of the performance of construction equipment, such as excavators, generators and the like, which should be regularly maintained in accordance with manufacturer's specification, to reduce adverse emissions. 7.7.3 Water Relevant parameters for surface water impact assessment are: pH, concentration of dissolved oxygen, waste material, turbidity, concentration of organic compounds and mineral oils. Relevant parameters for groundwater impact assessment are divided into geological- hydrogeological and to physicochemical and chemical parameters. The first group of parameters includes impacts to groundwater level, dynamics and quantity, whereas the second group includes impact to groundwater quality (e.g. mineraloils, organic compounds, heavy metals). Samples should be taken upstream and downstream of the construction site. Each contractor will establish a baseline by taking samples before commencement of work and at approximately monthly intervals during the construction period, with intensified sampling during topsoil stripping and during major earthworks. 7.7.4 Soil Relevant parameters for soil impact assessment are: pH, concentration of heavy metals, oils and organic substances. Soils near roads having a high frequency of traffic, as in this case, should be tested for hazardous substances, such as typical heavy metals and lead which may have accumulated from vehicle exhausts which still use leaded petrol which is still freely available in the region. 7.8 Operational Phase During operation of the highway the relevant environmental aspects will be monitored and will include noise, air, water and soil quality. The results obtained will determine if additional environmental protection measures are necessary, such as provision of additional noise attenuation structures, landscaping or modifications to carriageway drainage or treatment. 7.8.1 Noise Noise level measuring during operation should be performed at one year intervals and in case of complaints by the local population. The places selected for noise monitoringduring construction are the places of the most affected buildings on the following survey marks: Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 104 km 868 + 750- left side km 872 + 200 - right side. km 874 + 300 -right side krn 876 + 350 -leftside km 877 + 550 - left side krn 877 + 900 -left side krn 880 + 930 - left side . km 885 + 450 -left side km 891 + 750 -right side km 896 + 750 - both sides km 897 + 750 rightside - km 900 + 750 both sides - km 903 + 350 - left side km 910 + 200 -both sides km 916 + 750 -rightside krn 925 + 100- both sides 7.8.2 Air Considering that Highway E-75 will run through inhabited areas, some negative impacts on air qualtiy may be anticipated. A monitoring plan of environmental impact needs to be developed for the purpose of verification of the applied impact model, and also in order to determine the long-term air pollution trends. In addition, air quality monitoring results will serve as the basis for estimating any risk to population health and for investigation of citizen complaints, and also for data collection for any alterations to spatial planning. Measuring carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NOz) is recommendable in stage one of the monitoring program. If the measurement results. show exceeded allowable concentration values, the list of pollutants should be extended by measuring the concentrations of nitrogen monoxide (NO), sulphur dioxide (SO2),hydrocarbon (CxHy), lead (Pb) and solidslparticulates (PMIO). Impact analysis of the new highway E 75 shows that the impact of the forecast traffic loads on air - quality will be limited to a narrow corridor along the highway. Elevated levels of localised air pollution are forecast for either end of the tunnel, so measurementof air quality will be performed at the entrance and exit portals of the "Manajle" tunnel. Specific profiles are also included in the air quality measurement program: km 868+750 on the left side of the highway in the community of Velika Grabovica and krn 872+200 on the right side of the highway in the community of Oraovica, Gramada km 903+350, Prevalac km 910+200 and Ranutovac km 916+750. Measurement of the concentration of air pollutants emitted from motor vehicles during the operation phase of the new Highway E - 75 requiresthat all measuring stations are set up in the same way, because only then can an appropriate dispersion model be formed, which would provide quite reliable data on special distribution of air pollution in the impact zone. Regulation on Limit Values, Pollution Concentration Measuring Methods, Criteria for Determining Measuring Points and Data Recording (Official Gazette of RS No. 54192, 30199, 19106) also regulates, among other things, the criteria for determining measuring points. The number and distribution of measuring points within the network of measuring points depends on spatial density and time distribution of pollutants. The arrangement of the measuring points depends on the area where air quality is being tested, arrangement and type of pollution source, population density, terrain and meteorological conditions. Public Enterprise "Roads o f Serbia" Page 105 The following requirements need to be met when selecting the locations of air quality measuring stations: measuring pointwill be characteristicof the area selected accordingto the general plan, measuring station will be set up in such manner so that it gives comparable data with data from other measuringstationswithin the monitoringnetwork. some physical requirementsshould be met. During the first monitoring stage, which should last for 5 years, periodical air quality monitoringwill be necessary (1 month per season), because, determining the air pollution trends requires measurementdata for minimum five successive years. Only if the periodical measurements show that further air quality monitoring is necessary, should permanent air quality monitoringshould be performed, i.e. monitoringstagetwo should begin. 7.8.3 Water During operation,water quality monitoringof key sensitivewatercourses is envisaged, to determine any impacts. According to the Project design terms of reference, and based on European Union criteria the drainage system includes both open and closed (separators). These grit and oillwater separators have been included in the highway design and should serve to effectively limit adverse pollution from highway operation, however very severe storms could overload these facilities, as is the case throughout most of Europe. With respect to that, surface water monitoring during operation is to be performed downstream of the place where drainage channels flow into the receptacle. Sampling on the River Slatina is to be performed downstream from the bridge at km 869 + 180. At the mark km 885 + 996, the highway goes directly along the River Juzna Morava. Sampling on the River Juzna Morava is to be performed downstream from the place where the drainage culvert flows in the river and respective survey mark. Monitoring of the River Juzna Morava's trtbutaries, River Kucajska, River Sokolica and River Koznicka, is to be performed downstream from the place where the new road will be bridged over said point and before flowing into Juzna Morava. Water quality of the River Vrla is to be monitored by taking samples on survey mark km 896 + 741.36, downstream from the bridge and inflowing channel and downstream from the inflow of the drainage channel into the receptacle (Juzna Morava) from the retention at survey mark km 921+867. On that survey mark, sampling is to be done when relevant precipitationoccurs, during the first 15 min. Testing program includes the parameterswhich provide insight into the presentgroundwater quality and the pollution level with substances originating from the highway. Testing program includes the flowing measurement: Field measurement: air and water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, oxidation- reduction potential, Basic parameters: color, dissolved substances, total organic carbon, ammonia, nitrates, sulphates, chlorides, chemical and biologicaloxygen consumption, Indicating parameters: microelements, phenols, mineral oils, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons,pesticides. When taking into account the hydrogeological characteristics of upper groundwater layers in the highway area, no large organized groundwater intakes were registered near the new highway and the planned traffic load is not sufficient for greater concentration emissions of waste substances - Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 106 which might put the surface water and groundwater quality at risk. In conclusion, pollution of said courses will not occur. 7.8.4 Soil Considering that information on soil quality is sparse and inadequate, preliminary testing should be performed first to evaluate any long term effects during operation. Typical paramaters that will be measured include total hydrocarbons, lead and other heavy metals associated with highway operation. The data generatedduring operation will complement those obtained during construction monitoring, but will be more focussed on evaluating the long term accumulation of contaminants from highway usage by vehicles, rather than spillage of materials during construction. During preliminary testing, sample points should be chosen at random and the number of samples can be limited. Soil monitoring within the impact zone of Highway E-75 should last minimum 5 years, with sampling preformed once every three months. Groundwater quality should be monitored in parallel with soil quality, to evaluate potential accumulation of contaminants. Groundwater sampling is performed using piezometers, combined with sample analysis. Table 7-1 Implementation Plans Contractors will be required to prepare and submit the following plans, as part of their implementation plan, prior to commencing works: Project Induction An important mechanism for commencing work with due recognition of E&S standards complying with International Lender requirements is a Project Induction. It is expected that all Contractors will put all Project staff through an initial Project induction, covering health and safety standardslprocedures and an overview of E&S Project values, requirements, standards and approaches. Traffic This should detail how through traffic and construction traffic is to be management plan managed, including temporary diversions, traffic signage and interface between construction plant and vehicles and through traffic and residents. Waste and This should cover all aspects of waste management, including wastewater implementation of practice standards such as reduce, re-use and recycle. It management plan should specify final disposal routes for all waste and demonstrate compliance to national legislation and best practice procedures on waste management. The WMP will include details of temporary waste storage, waste transfer and pre-treatment prior to final disposal or recycling. Licensedlapproved facilities for solid,and liquid waste disposal must be used and a duty of care and chain of custody for all waste leaving the site will be followed. As part of the plan Contractors will be expected to produce waste handling forms for chain of custody, which will be used to control waste leaving site. Thus the waste controller will keep a copy of the form and the driver will always carry a copy ( and will ensure that the load is signed for at the final disposal site. ~d Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 107 records will be kept by the Contractor for audit purposes and to demonstrate that the project is complying with best practice and applicable legislation. Oil and fuel storage This plan will cover all storage, transportation and usage of oils and fuels, re- management plan fuelling of plant and machinery and procedures for minimising the risk of ground and water contamination. All 011sand fuels will be required to be stored within secondary containment of 110 % capacity and all spillages shall be cleaned up immediately. Re-fuelling vehicles will carry Spill Kits to enable spillages to be cleaned up as soon as possible. All categories of spillage will be reported in accordance with the Plan to be developed by the Contractor. Toolbox Talks would be expected to be delivered on an ongoing basis as 'continued training' and following any significant incident. In-river works This should cover procedures and plans for safeguarding aquatic habitats management plan and fish during in-river construction work and will complement the Construction Method Statements prepared as part of detailed designworks. Camp This should contain procedures for establishing and operating construction management plan camps in order to safeguard nearby communities and environmental resources. Emergency This should contain procedures for emergency response in the event of response plan accidents or major incidents, in order to safeguard people, property and environmental resources. Grievance This should contain the procedures for the PAPS and the public to make mechanism representationsto the Contractor(s) on compensation issues as well as other complaintlnuisance issues, such that they can be resolved in a transparent manner that can also be audited. The EMP includes aspects of mitigation for potentially adverse impacts as well as monitoring and feedback arrangements and identifies the responsibility for these undertakings. The main component of the EMP is presented in Table 7-2 and is based on taking forward the potential impacts and their mitigation that were presented earlier. The combination of the management plans outlined above and the tabulated procedures are designed to mitigate the potentially adverse impacts to an acceptable level. The next phase of design is to take place following engagement of the supervision consultant and subsequently the Contractors, who will become responsible for all E&S issues. The cost elements are presented such that they can be included as a provision in the contract documents for award of Contractors. The Contractors will be responsible for undertaking detailed design and construction, which will include managing the E&S issues, implemented via the implementation plan's which the Contractors will prepare e.g. waste management plan etc. The costings are considered preliminary estimates only at this stage, with the main purpose being to allocate sufficient finances within the contracts to ensure that E&Saspects are effectively managed going forward during detailed design and construction. For this purpose the cost estimates for budget planning purposes are considered generous. Several issues in the EMP have not been assigned a cost, as they are largely dependent on the ongoing design and they are not included within the scope of work of the construction contracts. It is necessary therefore for PEPS and KlODOO to take cognisance of and ownership of the findings Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 108 and recommendations of this report, in particular the EMPs. The EMP assumes for the cost of either expat or national E&S staff resources. The number of Contractors is not known at this stage, nor is the length of contract or distance covered and therefore the E&S effort and manpower required is not known. It will therefore be necessary to factor these logistics into the basic unit costs. Table 7-2 includes notes on cost calculations at the foot of the table. The EMP is supplemented by a Monitoring Plan Table 7-3, which presents an outline of monitoring that is recommended during construction and operation. As many of the aspects of the detailed design are not available presently, such as the location and number of construction camps, finalised designs for certain sections, the monitoring plan cannot be finalised at this stage. It is envisaged that as the designs progress and Supervision Consultant takes it up the appointed Contractors, the precise details of the monitoring will be discussed and finalised, at the same time as preparation of the Management Plans, which very much interface with monitoring. - Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 109 Table 7-2 Environmental Management Plan Mitigation Institutionalresponsibility Cost (Euro) Install Operate Operate Notes Construction Highway Relocationof services Effective co-ordination with utility companies during Contractor, Contractor, 1 relocation K1OD00 K1OD00 Emissionfrom All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for Contractor Contractor 1 construction vehicles construction will be regularly maintained and and machinery inspectedlcertificated to ensure that the pollution emission levels conform to the standards prescribed New borrow pits Ensure that all borrow pits are evaluated via EIA and Contractor Contractor 3 damaging agricultural, include requirement for their reinstatement, including archaeological or any pits stimulated by Projectdemand for materials. ecological resources. Asphalt plant - Contractualrequirement- use existing asphalt plants; Contractor Contractor 3 workers requirementfor officialapproval or valid operating and safety1 ecosystem license or new plantsrequire certificationand disturbance a p p r o v a l . Contractor Contractor Stone quarry Contractualrequirement- use existing quarries; requirementfor officialapprovalor valid operating -- - Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 110 Phase, Issue Mitigation Institutionalresponsibility Cost (Euro) location I I Install Operate Operate Notes license Sand and gravel borrow Contractor Contractor Use existing borrow pits or buy material at licensed pit - disturbanceof river facilities; no borrowingfrom rivers. Or use new pits bed, water quality, which require approvaland licensing. 11 Construction related Dust suppression will be used on unsealed road Contractor Contractor 100 000 9 dust, from movement of surfaces, asphalt mixing sites and temporary service vehicles at site and to areas. Water truck bowser with spray bar is sites from borrow pits commonly used. and uar sites, etc. 1 Vehicles hauling Vehicles deliveringmaterialwill be covered. Contractor 3 materials will generate I I Failure to properly Cleary defined topsoil storage and handling in Contractor Contractor managelstore topsoil, contract specification and Management Plan and leading to degraded and follow up with regular inspection & monitoring and substandard site reporting. reclamation and re- I vegetation. I Landscape impact, soil Developand implementlandscape planting Contractor, ContractorlKl0 400,000 2 erosion K lOD00 DO0 Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia'' Page 11I / 1 1 1 Phase. Issue Mitigation Institutional responsibility Cost (Euro) location I I I 1 Ilnstall 1Operate 1Operate Notes I I I I I /Damage to agricultural Liaise effectively with PAPs before start of PEPSIKIODOO, PEPSIKIODO 3* lands, including construction, maintain dialogue, develop a grievance contractor 0,contractor drainage and irrigation procedure, strictly control machinery and vehicle infrastructure. access and reinstate all affected areas. Livestock resources Liaise effectively with PAPs before start of PEPSIKI0D00, PEPSIKIOD0 damaged by machinery construction, maintain dialogue, develop a grievance contractor 0 , contractor and vehicles. procedure, strictly control machinery and vehicle 1 I Inadequate prevention The plants and equipment used for construction will Contractor Contractor of construction-related strictly conform to MoE noise standards. 1 1 1 I 1 I I noise from vehicles, ( asphalt plants, crushing and batch plants and Disturbance to Working hourslactivities will be adjusted to reduce Contractor Contractor residents. noise disturbance & working time restricted to 0630 to 1930hrs, or as otherwise agreed locally. Maintain dialogue or use grievance mechanism to allow residents to contact Project staff to make representations. Traffic disruption to Develop Traffic Management Plan in conjunction with Contractor Contractor residents and longer road authorities to manage all temporary accesses, Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" -7 Phase, Issue Mitigation Institutionalresponsibility Cost (Euro) location I distance travellers. 1 delivery of materialand machinery. Protection of workers / Noise standards will be strictly enforced to protectContractor Contractor H&S. construction workers from noise impacts, in accordance with international HSE procedures. All Project works will adhere to international H&S standards, including minimum PPE standards, eg 1 1 r;;;:; hard hat, safety boots, ear defenders and noise exposure limitedto 85dBA. injured by Conduct safety awareness campaigns, focussing on Contractor Contractor construction traffic and schools and children. 1 Workers injured during Implement international HSE standards in all Contractor Contractor construction contracts. legal or excessive No earth borrowedfrom unauthorised locations. Contractor Contractor borrowing may damage archaeological or land resources. I Loss and damage to Conducted field surveys prior to construction and PEPS/KlODOO PEPSIKIODO cultural resources maintain watching brief during works, with clear 0 procedures for protection and documentation (late finds protocol) incorporated into construction contracts. This must involve the Archaeological Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 113 Install Operate Operate Notes Institute and any other relevant authorities; follow the I Reduced land or Establish and maintain dialogue with PAPSto reduce PEPSIKIODOO, 1 I IPEPSIKIOD0 I property values. 1 adverse effects as part of ongoing design and contractor ( /0 , contractor I1 Contamination of soil or Contaminated or hazardous waste such as bitumen Contractor Contractor 50 000 10 water resources. waste to be dumped in selected areas & approved by MoElK1OD00 or its consultants. All waste disposal to comply with a Waste Management Plan, to be developedat the start of construction. Pollution of groundwater Develop working method statement to include Contractor Contractor 3 and soils during effective management of materials. demolition of properties. I any formalised discharges must Contractor Contractor resources. be licensedlapprovedby relevant authorities. 1 1 should be conducted outside of the Contractor Contractor i ( habitatsand fish. ( fish spawning season and Contractors will prepare / 1 1 ( management plans for such works as a part of their I I I [ ConstructionMethod Statements. I I I 1 Damage to sensitive Contractors to undertake detailed ecological surveys Contractor / ] (Contractor ( 200 000 18 I ( terrestrial or aquatic of work sites in sensitive areas and all rivers affected 1 1 1 ( / I( habitats and species. by construction and prepare mitigation, which could 1( Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 114 Phase, Issue Mitigation Institutionalresponsibility Cost (Euro) location I I Install Operate Operate Notes include aspects such as fish rescue or translocation of vulnerable species. Damage to river Digging and making the foundations for bridge piers, Contractor morphology. retaining walls, and structures located at, or in the vicinity of, surface water bodies, will take place in the period of low water levels (July - September) so as to minimize negative impactson riversand their banks; 1 Contractor 3* maintained and refuelled at protected refuelling stations. Fuel storage and handling sites located away from drainage channels and important water 1 Soil and water pollution. Develop plans for cement and wash-water Contractor Contractor 3* management. Water pollution Develop monitoring programme for sensitive water Contractor Contractor 6 000 7 courses, such as major river crossings and reporting, feedback and remedial action procedures. This should be linked to the Management Plans to be developed by the contractors. Temporary access - Remove topsoil layer initially and afterwards de- Contractor Contractor 3* vegetation removed, soil compact routes and reinstate. Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 115 1 Phase. Issue Mitigation Institutional responsibility Cost (Euro) location Install compacted, landscape and vegetation impacted. Existing in-country The Independent Environmental Consultant is to be KIODOO, World KIODOO, procedures do not engaged by Government of SerbiaIKlOD00 to Bank World Bank include rigorous on-site undertake independent monitoring and auditing of monitoring. project impacts and mitigation, to include Contractor ManagementPlans. Land resources Identify work areas with contractor(s) and describe Contractor Contractor, damaged. system approvals for extensions and fines for supervision violations. consultant, K1OD00 Construction Community tension and Evaluate locations for camps through ESlA process. Contractor Contractor camps disruption. Develop camp managementrules. 1 1 I Spread of disease. Conduct awareness campaigns for camp workers Contractor 1 I Contractor I [ including STls. [and if relevant nearby communities. I I I I I Water and soil pollution. The sewage system for such camps will be properly Contractor Contractor designed and built so that no water pollution takes place. Such facilities will be decommissioned at end Operational Public Enterprise L'Rondsof Serhis" Page 116 Phase, Issue Mitigation Institutionalresponsibility Cost (Euro) location '4 I I Install *crate 0 erate all sensitive land or water resources (eg river KIODOO K1OD00 and irrigated crop areas) include for the spillages. design of formalised highway run-off treatment, with retentionlfiltration sumps. Develop effective spill -- TOTAL I1 496 000 1. part of the design process/contract -no separate cost required. 2. construction contract to include landscapingwithin its scope, but costs are presentedhere as an indication. 3. no cost assigned; part of detailed design and contract procurement procedures; will already be included in the scope of the contracts; see also monitoring table for staff resource. 4. no E&S staff resources costs are assigned here, as the independent Environmental Consultant is to be engaged by Government of SerbialKl OD00 to undertake independentmonitoringa n h 5. item to be included in contract specification. Cost assumes 1 site survey = 20 man days @ national archaeologist @ E2001day = E 2 000; assume 20 1 sites = E80 000. Watching brief; cost assumption is 1 national archaeologistE50 OOOlyear x years = El00 000. 6. item to be included in contractor contract; environmentalstaff will manage the issue, but cost assigned here as indicator. Cost assumes E6000 x 5 = E 30 000 7. monitoring plan to be developed by contractor environment staff. Actual sampling and analysis upstream and downstream of major river crossings; most cost effective approach is purchase of a hand held water quality meter; cost assumes 1 meter and reagents @El000 x6 = E6 000. 8. detailed ecological surveys of sensitive work sites. Costing will be dependant on number and location of sites; cost assumes national ecologists for 2 years @ E l 00 000 per year. PublicEnterprise "Roads of Serbia" Phase, Issue Mitigation Institutionalresponsibility Cost (Euro) location Install Operate Operate Notes 9. item includes for dedicated water bowser for dust suppression.Cost assumes 2 no. trucks @El00 000 per annum. 10. item includes preparation of waste managementplan, including identificationof approved disposal sites and design of on-site facilities. Cost assumes E50 000 11. item includes resources for evaluation of construction camps and preparationof camp rules to minimise potential community tension. Cost assumes E30 000. 12. item includes for awareness campaign for workers and provisionfor communities if found to be relevant. Coast assumes E6 000. 13. item includes for removing and reinstatingtopsoil. Note this item can not be costed at all accurately as quantities, locations, machinery and timing are not know at this stage until detailed design, which have a huge bearing on the cost. Cost assumes an indicative sum of E500 000 * cross referenceto Monitoring table is requiredto avoid resourcecost duplication Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 118 Table 7-3 Environmental Monitoring Plan Phase, item What parameter is Where is the How is the When is the Why is the parameterto Institutional responsibility to be monitored? parameter to parameterto be parameterto be be monitored? (optional) Install and Cost; note be monitored? monitored71type of monitored? operate monitoring (frequency of equipment measurementor continuous) Construction Damage to Agricultural Visual weekly Compliance to EIA and' Contractor e.g. 1 irrigation and lands observations, social commitments Environmental drainage discussions with staff infrastructure PAPS Water quality Surface Water quality Monthly ESlA compliance Contractor 20 000; 2 waters, key analysis rivers Dust At construction Visual monitoring Regularlysite visits Check environment and Contractor 15 000; 3 sites H&S requirements Waste water from At construction Monitoring of Regularlysite visits Check environment Contractor 5 000; 4 construction camps and appropriate requirements are being camps and portable installation and maintained portable sites facilities at operation of work sites wastewater units, latrines and septic tanks Construction Observation 1 Public Enterprise "Roads af Serbia" Page 119 Phase, item What parameteris Where is the How is the When is the Why is the parameterto to bemonitored? parameterto parameterto be parameter to be be monitored?(optional) Installand Cost; note be monitored? monitored?/type of monitored? operate monitoring I(frequencyof equipment measurementor continuous) tension and sites disruption. Spread of disease, Settlements Observation, Monthly EIA compliance Contractor 20 000;5 including STls discussions with representatives - 1 Ensure Asphalt plant - asphalt plants Supervision before work begins plant PlantOperator, I compliance with possessionof inspection contractor environment, health official approval or and safety standards valid operating license Stone quarry - Ensure compliance with stone quarry Supervision before work begins Quarry 1 EIA possessionof I inspection Operator, officialapproval or contractor valid operating Ensure compliance with Sand and gravel sand and 1Supervision before work begins Quarry 1 borrow pit - EIA gravel borrow inspection Operator, Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 120 Phase,item What parameter is Where isthe How isthe When isthe Why isthe parameter to Institutionalresponsibility to be monitored? parameterto parameterto be parameter to be be monitored? (optional) Installand Cost; note be monitored? monitored71type of monitored? operate monitoring (frequencyof equipment measurementor continuous) - possessionof pit contractor official approval or valid operating license Asphalt, dusty, bulk job site Ensure Supervision Regular inspections Of Contractor 1 materials- truck inspection performance with duringwork load covered environment, health and/or wetted and Traffic Ensure compliance with job site Supervision Regular inspections Contractor 1 management - EIA inspection duringwork hours and routes selected Construction site Noise noise levels; assure compliance to job site; Mobile noise meter once perweek and 15000;6 disturbance to equipment nearesthomes EMP on any complaint humanand Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 121 Phase,item What parameter is Where is the How is the When isthe Why isthe parameterto Institutionalresponsibility to bemonitored? parameterto parameter to be parameter to be be monitored?(optional) Installand be monitored? Cost; note monitored?/type of monitored? operate monitoring (frequency of equipment measurementor continuous) population and workers Vibration Vibration levels job site Supervision Regular inspections Ensure compliance to Contractor 30 000; 7 EMP observations during work and on complain assure compliance to Traffic existence of traffic at and nearjob inspection; before works 1 EMP disruption management plan; site, local observation once per week at traffic congestion roads peak periods Ensure compliance to Destruction of land acquisition job site Supervision during material Contractor 1 EMP crops, trees, inspection delivery and meadows, construction Workers protective job site inspection Regular inspections compliance to Contractor 1 EMP and MBS safety equipment; during work standards. organization of bypassingtraffic Operation Operational Water quality Parametersto be Locations to be Water quality meter Annual or by K1OD00 8 Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 122 " Phase, item What parameteris Where is the How is the When is the Why is the parameter to Institutional responsibility to be monitored? parameterto parameterto be parameterto be be monitored? (optional) Installand Cost; note bemonitored? monitored?/ type of monitored? operate monitoring (frequency of equipment measurementor continuous) agreed agreed agreement with performance MoE Noise Parametersto be Locationsto be Noise meter Operational Annual or by K1OD00 8 agreed agreed agreement with performance MoE Maintenance Noise noise levels Ensure compliance to job site; Noise meter Regularly Maintenance 8 disturbance health and safety and nearesthomes Contractor residents, environment. workers Possible air, air,water and soil Ensure compliance to job site; mobile laboratory Regular inspections Maintenance 8 water and soil health and safety and quality (suspended material with necessary during maintenance Contractor pollution solids, organic storage areas; environment. equipment activities and on compounds, wash down complain lubricants,fuel, areasfor solvents, heavy equipment; metals, pH value, equipment water conductivity maintenance facilities Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 123 Phase, item What parameteris Where is the How isthe When is the Why isthe parameterto Institutional responsibility to be monitored? parameterto parameterto be parameterto be be monitored? (optional) Install and Cost; note be monitored? monitored31type of monitored? operate monitoring (frequencyof . equipment measurementor continuous) 1. Assumption is each contractor is required to have at least one environmental site monitoringstaff resource; cost assumptionis E50 000 per annum. 2. Cost of water metre included in EMP maintable; cost for monitoringwater quality assumption is E20 000 per annum. 3. Cost assumes dust measuringequipmentand filters. Cost assumption E l5 000 per annum. 4. Cost assumes water quality sampling of effluents. Cost assumptionE5 000 per annum. 5. Cost assumes medicalquestionnairesand selected examinations E20 000 per annurn. 6. Cost assumes purchaselhire of noise metre and deploymentat work sites. Cost assumes El5 000. 1 8. Operationalcosts not identified, as will become the responsibilityof highway authority. * IndependentEnvironmentalConsultant is expectedto havea rovingrole in monitoringof all constructionactivities throughoutthe highway sections,with reportingto KIODOO and ultimatelyto the IFls. Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" Page 125 Preliminary Design for CorridorX Highway Project Draft EIA Report E-75 Highway,section Grabovnica- border of FYRM Appendix A TERMS OF REFERENCE -- -- Public Enterprise "Roadsof Serbia" A - 1 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Draft EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica - border of FYRM A. TERMS OF REFERENCE A.1. Introduction Construction of E-75 highway section from Grabovnica to the border of FYRM is stated as one of the highest state priorities and thus the PE "Putevi Srbije" (PEPS), as Project carrier has taken all necessary activities in reference to timely preparation of planning and design documents. Particularly, in part of the Project dealing with the environmental protection issues, adequate design documents were prepared. Previous analysesof environmentalimpact were completed for the needs of general highway project, while for the purpose of preliminary designs preparation, detailed analyses of impacts were carried successively for all 7 sections of prospective E-75 highway. Detailed list of prepared designs in reference to environmental protection under ths branch of Corridor X is presented in Section 2 of this TOR. After enforcement of new legislation in the field of environmental protection in December 2004 and after enforcement of the Spatial Plan for the area of infrastructural corridor from Nis to FYRM border, PEPS has harmonized the completed analyses with the new Law, Rulebooks and Spatial Plan. Studies of environmental impact assessment were prepared for the above mentioned 7 sections and relevant procedures of impact assessments were started in front of the authorities in line - Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning of the Republic of Serbia. Simultaneously with the procedure in progress, at the meeting of representatives of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), European Investment Bank (EIB) and World Bank (WB), whichwas organized in October 2008 in Luxembourg, the Government of the Republic of Serbia, i.e. PEPS received recommendationsfor continuation of activities that should create a foundation for reaching a decision on acceptance of the Project on behalf of the banks and approval of the credit funds for financing of this highway stretch, section from Grabovnica to Levosoje. Three banks jointly agreed that during the realization of the stated activities in reference to environmentalprotection issues, procedures of the World Bank should be accepted as relevant. These procedures are included in the attachmentto this TOR(WBProcedures BP 4.01 ;WBOperationalPolicy OP 4.01). In accordance with the agreement reached in Luxebourg, preparatory Mission of the World Bank visited Serbia in the period December 02 to 12, 2008 (Preparation Mission for Corridor X Highway Project). The Mission organized meetings as to define the activities needed for successful realization of the subject highway project. Several meetings were organized with the PEPS management and agreement was made in relation to continuation of the activities needed for approval of the Project on behalf of the Banks. Aspect of environmental protection was specially analyzed at those meetings and the PEPS was requested to integrate the existing studies into one whole, that is, to prepare Corridor level environmental impact assessment, for the E-75 highway section from Grabovnica to Levosoje (in further text EIA). Additionally, in the EIA dealing with potential trans-border Project impacts and cumulative Project environmental impacts it is necessary to take into considerationtwo additional sections of the highway (Levosoje-Bukurevac and Bukurevac- FYRM border). As agreed, PEPS is obliged to provide execution of the following activities: -- Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" A - 2 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Draft EIA Report E-75 Highway, sectionGrabovnica-border of FYRM - engagement of independent expertconsultant for preparation of the EIA; - preparation, announcement and organization of public consultation, where the expert consultant would present subjectEIA; - engagement of the independent expert supervisor who would follow the realization of activities in the field of environmentalprotection as stated by the project. A.2. Foundation Foundation for preparation of Corridor level EIA, for the E-75 highway section from Grabovnica to Levosoje is comprised of the followingplanning and design documents: - previous analysis of EIA for the E-75 highway project, fromNis to'the border of FYRM - detailed analysis of EIA and EIA Study for the section Grabovnica-Grdelica; - detailed analysis of EIA and EIA Study for the section Grdelica (Gornje Polje) - CariEina Dolina; - detailed analysis of EIA and EIA Study for the section CariEina Dolina -VladiEin Han; - detailed analysis of EIA and EIA Study for the section VladiEin Han - Donji Neradovac; - detailed analysis of EIA and EIA Study for the section Donji Neradovac -Levosoje; - Spatial Plan of special purpose areas -infrastmctural corridorNiS -FYRM border; - World Bank operational policy OP 4:01 related to Environmental Impact Assessment (WB Operational Policy OP 4.01) - World Bank procedures BP 4:01 related to Environmental Impact Assessment (Bank Procedures BP 4.01) The sub-section EIAs would consider any cumulative or synergistic environmental impacts, if any, together with any significant trans-boundary effects (for FYRM border). If the latter were found to be significant, EIA disclosure requirements under the Espoo convention would also need to be addressed. For the above stated reasons, preparation of the relevant sections of the EIA should include data presented in the followingdocuments: o detailed analysis of EIA and EIA Study for the section Levosoje Bukurevac - o detailed analysis of EIA and EIA Study for the section Bukurevac -FYRM border A.3. Scope and contents Scope and contents of the EIA are defined by the operational policy and procedure of the World Bank (WB OP/BP4.01). Following the criteria of the Bank for categorization of the projects based on their assessed environmental impacts, this project was included in the category implying the strongest impacts (environmental Category A), so the EIAs must be prepared fully in accordance with the Annex B and Annex C of the WB operational policy (WB OP 4.01, Annex A and Annex B). Annexes B and C are presented in the attachment of this TOR. The EIA should be prepared based on the documents mentioned in the section 2 (foundation). It is necessary to extract the most important information and conclusions from the existing studies and to present them in the EIA. Consequently, the EIA represents a summary of the previously prepared studies. Exceptions are sections (e) and (g), which should be prepared in PublicEnterprise "Roads of Serbia" A - 3 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Draft EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica -border of FYRM accordance with this TOR.As additional project foundation for preparation of the chapter (e) and (g) EIA Study for the section from Levosojeto FMRY border should be used. The EIA should include the following chapters: a. EIA summary; b. regulative, legal and administrativeframework; c. description of the project and project site; d. presentation of the current state of environment in the project surroundingarea; e. description of significantproject environmentalimpacts, which must include analysis of cumulative project impact* and analysis of trans-border impact. This chapter must also content two road sectionsof the highway from Levosoje to FYRM border; f. presentation of main alternatives; g. Environmental Management Plan - EM?, which, inter alia, contains environmental protective measures and monitoring activities. Plan should be prepared in detail for the section from Grabovnica to Levosoje, and in separate part of the Plan, the strongest environmental impacts should be described for the section from Levosoje to FYRM border, together with stating the planned measures for mitigation or elimination of those impacts. h. attachments. * These sections were not treated by theprepared Studies A.4. Technical processing of the project The EIA should be comprised of the relevant textual, graphic and numerical attachments.The base document (EIA) represents textual part of the Study prepared based on the scope and contents as described above. Attachment to the EIA is in the form of graphc attachments, tables, provided conditions and approvals of relevant authorities and other documents of importance based on which EIA Studies were prepared. The EIA and attachments should be bounded in the volume of appropriate format (A-3 or A-4). Scale of graphic attachments should be at the level of standard scale of preliminary design (1:5000), and layout map of the section should be prepared in the scale 1:25000. A.5. Special requirementsof the employer The EIA should be bilingual, in English and Serbian, separately. The EIA in Serbian should be prepared in two copies, plus two copies in electronic form on DVD. EIA version in English should be prepared in two copies, plus two copies in electronic form (Word and Adobe PDF format) on DVD. Consultant is obliged to attend regular meetings organized at the request of Employer and to submit the latestworking versions of materials every 10days. In case of having any doubts in regards to the project, the Consultant is obliged to contact the Employer - Project carrier, PEPS - Sector for Strategy, Designing and Development and thus helshe would receive all additional explanationsand clarifications. Upon preparation of draft EIA (draft version), the consultant is obliged to present the draft EIA at public consultation.Presentation shouldbe prepared in digital form (Power Point) and Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" A - 4 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Draft EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica -border of FYRM submitted to the PEPS at least 10 days in advance to public consultation. The consultant is obliged to make the minutes of the public consultation and to submit the minutes to the PEPS. After taking into consideration the expressed remarks of the public and upon receipt of the comments of the PEPS and Bank's representatives, the Consultant is obliged to remove any deficiency included in the EIA. A.6. Deadline Deadline for preparation of the EIA is February 10,2009. A.7. Attachments o World Bank operational policy OP 4:01 related to Environmental Impact Assessment (WB Operational Policy OP 4.01) o Annex B of the World Bank operational policy defining scope and contents of EIA (OP 4.01 - Annex B); o Annex C of the World Bank operational policy defining scope and contents of EMP (OP 4.01 - Annex C); o World Bank procedure BP 4:01 related to Environmental Impact Assessment (Bank Procedures BP 4.01) Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" A - 5 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Draft EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica- border of FYRM Appendix B TABLES, MAPS AND DRAWINGS -- Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" E - 1 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Draft EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica -border of FYRM Appendix C LEGISLATION & MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" C - 1 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Draft EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica -border of FYRM A. LEGISLATION & MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS PART I - ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION Part I lists the main environmental legislation in force in the Republic of Serbia (RS) GENERAL REGULATIONS 1. The Constitution of the Republic of Serbia (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 1/90) 2. Law on environmental protection (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 135104) 3. Law on environmental impact assessment (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 135104) ' 4. Law on strategic environmental impact assessment (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 135104) AIR PROTECTION 1. Regulations on determining the Program of air quality control in years 2000 and 2001 (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 19/00) 2. Regulation on limit values, emission measuring methods, selection of sample spots criteria and data collecting (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 54/92, 30199) 3. Regulations on emission limit values, methods and timeframe for measuring and data noting (Off. Jour. of RS, 30197,35197) 4. Decree on determining organisations for measuring air quality and measuring air emission of harmful substances (Off. Jour. of SRS, No. 27/73, 14174,47174,24178,52180) WATER PROTECTlON 1. Law on waters (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 46/91, 53/93, 67193,48194, 54/96) 2. Regulations on water classification (Off. Jour. of SRS, No. 5/68) 3. Regulations on categorisation of water courses (Off. Jour. of SRS, No. 5/68) 4. Regulations on systematic water quality monitoring in year 2000 (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 8/00) 5. Regulations on contents of technical documentation submitted in the process of applying for water resources compliance and water resources permit (Off. Jour. of SRS, No. 3/78) 6. Regulations on the method of determining and maintaining the zones and belts for sanitary protection of potable water supply facilities (Off. Jour. of SRS, No. 33/78) 7. Regulations on harmful substances in waters (Off. Jour. of SRS, No. 31/82) 8. Regulations on methods and minimum number of wastewater quality testing (Off. Jour. of SRS, No. 47/83, 13/84) 9. Regulations on conditions for enterprises and other legal persons for performing specific types of superficial and groundwater quality investigations, including wastewater quality investigations (Off. Jour. of SRS, No. 49/90) 10. Regulations on conditions and methods for potable water fluorising ((Off. Jour. of RS, No. 6/97) 11. Decree on determining enterprises and other legal persons that fulfil conditions for performing specific types of superficial, groundwater and wastewater quality investigations (Off. Jour. of RS, No.16/91) 12. Plan on water pollution protection (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 6/91) 13. Plan for protection of waters from pollution (Off. Jour. of APV, No. 3/91) 14. Guidelines on methods and procedures for determining acquired level of treatment for emitted polluted water (Off. Jour. of SRS, No. 9/67) % SOIL PROTECTION Serbia 1. Law on geological investigations (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 44/95) 2. Law on mining (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 44/95) 3. Law on construction grounds (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 44/85, 16/97) 4. Law on agricultural land (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 49/92, 53/93, 67/93, 48194,46195,54/96, 14/00) 5. Regulations on permitted amounts of hazardous and harmful substances in soil and water for irrigation and methods of their testing (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 23/94) Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" C - 2 Preliminary Design for CorridorX Highway Project Draft EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica- border of FYRM FOREST PROTECTION 1. Law on forests (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 46/91, 83/92, 54/93, 67/93, 48194,54196) 2. Regulations on the shape and contents of forest stamp shipping document, bill of lading, conditions, methods and deadlinefor stampingtrunks (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 95/92) 3. Regulations on methods for marking trunks for cutting, forms of keeping reference of these trunks in books of records, form and contents of record stamps and forms for the record book (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 95/92) PROTECTION OF PLANT AND ANIMAL LIFE Law on protection of plants from diseases and pests (Off. Jour. of SRS,No. 14/84,6/89, (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 53/93, 67193,48194) Law on animal health protection (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 37/91, 50192,33/93, 52/93, 53/93, 67/93, 48/94, 53/95, 52/96, 25/00) Law on seed material and planting material (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 54/93, 35/94, 43/94) Regulations on reimbursement for eradication of plant diseases, pests and weed (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 52/97) Regulations on keeping record of issued and prolonged certificationson animal health conditions, their transportation, including forms for keepingrecord (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 44/94) Regulations on conditions and measures for humane collecting and removing stray dogs and cats (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 29/94) Regulations on protecting animals from torturing when performing health protection measures, performing experiments on animals and performing other procedures with animals, on measures for preventing mistreating animals, including determining substances that can be used for humane extermination of animals (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 44/94) Decision on protecting animal species as natural rarities (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 11/90,49/91) Decision on protecting plant species as natural rarities (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 11/90,49/91) Decision on determining level of compensation for destroyed specimen of protected animal and plant species and game species during hunting closedseason, including their nests, brood, eggs and young in the area of national parks of Montenegro (Off. Jour. of RM, NO. 38/97) Decision on measures on animal health protection for years 1999, 2000 and 2001 (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 49/99) Order on putting under monitoring utilisation and circulation of wild plant and animal species (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 17/99) REGULATIONS ON HUNTING AND FISHERIES 1. Law on hunting (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 39193,44193,60193) 2. Law on fishery (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 35/94, 38/94) 3. Regulations on methods of marking borders of fishing areas, i.e. parts of fishing area with prohibited or limited fishing (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 49/95) 4. Regulations on level of compensation for illegally caught or in any other way destroyed game (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 19/00,29/00) 5. Order on game closed season (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 84/93, 5/98, 22199,32199) 6. Order establishing closed season for fishing of some species within a fishing area or parts of a fishing area and on prohibiting fishing species with not legislatively determined size (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 12/95) PROTECTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES 1. Law on national parks (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 29193,44193,53/93, 67193,48194) 2. Regulations on protection of natural rarities (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 50193, 93/93) 3. Rermlations on contents and methods of keeping registries of protected parts of nature (Off. Jour. of . - S A ~ VNo. 25/75) , 4. Regulations on contents and methods of keeping registries of protected objects of nature (Off. Jour. of SAPK,No. 18/82) 5. Regulations on the categorisation of natural goods (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 30192) 6. Remlations on methods of marking protected natural goods (Off. Jour. of RS, NO. 30192, 24/94, Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" C - 3 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Draft EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica- border of FYRM 7. Regulations on the registry of protected areas (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 30192) 8. Regulations on the form for national park supervisor official ID (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 70/94) 9. Regulations on establishing the organisation for protection of natural goods (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 88/92) 10. Statute of the Institute for the protection of nature of Republic of Serbia (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 59/93) Other regulations cover the protection of specific general and special nature reserves, natural monuments, landscapes,nature parks, natural goods e.g. groups of trees, lakes, national parks and a sandpit NOISE PROTECTION 1. Regulations on permitted noise level in the environment (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 54/92) 2. Decree on determining organisations that fulfil conditions for measuring noise in the human environment (Off. Jour. of SRS, No. 1184,44184,44/87, 51191) PROTECTION FROM RADIATION AND RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES 1. Decree on determining expert institutions for performing sampling, measuring and investigation of radio-nuclide contents in construction materials (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 33/95) PROTECTION FROM WASTE AND HARMFUL SUBSTANCES 1. Law on explosive substances, inflammable liquids and gases (Off. Jour. of SRS, No. 44/77, 45/85, 18/89,Off. Jour. of RS, No. 53/93,67/93,48/94) 2. Law on waste substances handling (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 25196,26196) 3. Regulations on criteria for determining location and disposition of waste materials deposit sites (Off. Sour. of RS, No. 54/92) 4. Regulations on permitted amounts of hazardous and harmful substances in soil and water for irrigation and methods of their testing (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 23/94) 5. Regulations on methodology for chemical accident risk and environmental pollution assessment preparatory measures and measures for remediation consequences (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 60194) 6. Regulations on handling waste products of hazardous nature (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 12/95) 7. Decision on establishing the co-ordination team for chernicaI accidents of a larger scale (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 47/97) REGULATIONS ON SPATIAL ORGANISATION AND CONSTRUCTION Law on Planning and Construction (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 4712003) Law on Expropriation (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 23/01) Law on Planning and Disposition of Space and Settlements (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 44/95, 23/96, 16/97, 46/98) Law on construction of facilities (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 44195,24196, 16/97) Law on spatial plan for Republic of Serbia (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 13/96) Law on special conditions for granting building permits and utilisation permits for certain facilities (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 16/97) Regulation on spatial plan for basin of water accumulation 'Begovina' (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 43/99) Regulations on premises and works environmental impact assessment (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 61/92) Regulations on contents and elaboration of urban plan (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 33/99) Decision on elaboration of spatial plan for source area for regional water supply subsystem 'Rzav' (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 42/99) 11. Decision on elaboration of spatial plan for basin of water accumulation 'Selova' (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 42/99) 12. Decision on elaboration of spatial plan of Kolubara lignite basin (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 11/00) There are number of other SerbianreguIations relating to public health protection,tourism, taxes, etc. --- Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" C - 4 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Draft EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica- border of FYRM PART I1- MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS RATIFIED BY YUGOSLAVIA This list excludes agreements relating to protection of the sea, protection of cultural goods in armed conflicts, nuclear accidents, transport/protection of (farm) animals, chemical weapons. Convention Concerning the Use of White Lead in Painting, Geneva, 1921 (Entry into force 1923,Entry into force by Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1929) International Convention for the Protection of Birds, Paris 1950 (Entry into force 1963,Entry into force by SFR Yugoslavia 1973) Convention for the Establishment of the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (as amended), Paris, 1951 (Entry into force 1953,Entry into force by FPR Yugoslavia 1953) International Plant Protection Convention, Rome, 1951 (Entry into force 1952,Ratified by FPR Yugoslavia 1955) Convention Concerning Fishing in the Waters of the Danube, Bucharest, 1958 (Entry into force 1958,Entry into force by SFR Yugoslavia, 1958) European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR): Annex A - Provisions concerning dangerous substances and articles; Annex B - Provisions concerning transport equipment and transport operations, 1967 (Entry into force -,Ratified by SFR Yugoslavia 1970) European Convention on the Protection of Archaeological Heritage, London, 1969 (Entry into force 1971, Ratified by SFR Yugoslavia 1990) International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (as amended), Brussels, 1969 (Entry into force 1975,Entry into force by SFR Yugoslavia 1976) Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat, Ramsar, 1971 (Entry into force 1975,Entry into force by SFR Yugoslavia 1977) Convention Concerning Protection Against Hazards of Poisoning Arising from Benzene, Geneva, 1971, (Entry into force 1973,Ratified by SFR Yugoslavia 1975) International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage (as amended), Brussels, 1971 (Entry into force 1978,Entry into force by SFR Yugoslavia 1978) Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, Paris, 1972 (Entry into force 1975,Ratified by SFR Yugoslavia 1975) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Washington DC, 1973 (Entry into force 1975,Ratified by FR Yugoslavia 2001) Convention Concerning Prevention and Control of Occupational Hazards Caused by Carcinogenic Substances and Agents, Geneva, 1974 (Entry into force 1976,Ratified by SFR Yugoslavia 1977) Convention Concerning the Protection of Workers Against Occupational Hazards in the Working Environment due to Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration, Geneva, 1977 (Entry into force 1979,Ratified by SFR Yugoslavia 1982) Convention on Long-range Trans-boundary Air Pollution, Geneva, 1979 (Entry into force 1983,Ratified by SFR Yugoslavia 1987) Convention Concerning Occupational Safety and Health and the Working Environment, Geneva, 1981 (Entry into force 1983,Ratified by SFR Yugoslavia 1987) Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-range Trans-boundary Air Pollution on Financing the Co-operative Program for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMER), Geneva, 1984 (Entry into force 1988,Accession by SFR Yugoslavia 1987) Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Vienna, 1985 (Entry into force 1988,Accession by SFR Yugoslavia 1990) European Convention on the Protection of Archaeological Heritage, 1985 (Entry into force 1987,Ratified by SFR Yugoslavia 1991) Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" C - 5 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Draft EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica - border of FYRM 21. Treaty on Pollution Protection of the Tisza River Waters and Tributaries, 1986 (Entry into force - ,Ratified by SFR Yugoslavia 1990) 22. Convention Concerning Safety in the Use of Asbestos, Geneva, 1986 (Entry into force 1989,Ratified by SFR Yugoslavia 1989) 23. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Entry into force 1989,Accession by SFR Yugoslavia 1991) 24. Basel Convention on the Control of Trans-boundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, Basel, 1989 (Entry into force 1992,Ratified by SFR Yugoslavia 1999) 25. Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio de Janeiro, 1993 (Entry into force 1993,Ratified by SR Yugoslavia 2001) 26. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, New York, 1992 (Entry into force 1994,Ratified by SFR Yugoslavia 1997;by FRY 2001) MULTILATERAL EN.VIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF RATIFICATION BY YUGOSLAVIA Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Wild Animals, Bonn, 1979 (Adopted 1979) Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Their Natural Habitats, Berne, 1979 (Adopted 1979) Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Trans-boundary Context (Adopted 1992) Convention on the Trans-boundary Effects of Industrial Accidents (Adopted 1992) Convention on the Protection and Use of Trans-boundary Watercourses and International Lakes (Adopted 1994) Convention on Co-operation for the Protection and Sustainable Use of the Danube River (Danube River Protection Convention) (Adopted 1994) Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, Aarhus, 1998 (Adopted 1998) Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" C - 6 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Draft EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica -border of FYRM Appendix D REFERENCES Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" D - 1 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Draft EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica- border of FYRM A. REFERENCES This Chapter exist in digital form only. All data are burned on DVD. It contains project related conditions, appinions and demands given to the PEPS from different environmental and other relevant institutions. All documents are printed on Serbian language and on specific request of the WB authorities could be translated and provide to the Bank. Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" D - 2 +5!!# CA06PAhAJHM MHCTMM Ukln&o.o. ..Q.LLU~DLIU~ 11~ ~ E C)*MW*HLAMV K P ~ I , 3 nn tllllMtbln. Ollt3btb3H &tea rvnvslepmyu HAEJHH flPOJEKAT QMHAnHA AOKYMEHTAIJMJA HAPYWnALI: ~n-nvTEanCPWJF Syna~apnparhaAnercJKqpD 282. Scorpnn tjearpaa. 2009. ron. If ---;=.= .,.- -. -.-- I n ' -* dl'- ~e-a; r L@pb~ru~ao n ~ -~Bnanmw Xay n a ...-, mApoeneKrpaHa Bpna t.- -a. It' - LC-. em., A mi? i 1 Wld M o m 7 ?..-. 5.-,,:> ,- . -Q! I-- -J - I Q--- H6 2- I-. - - . - - - . - - - -- -- -- -1 .."-L fl.=&.a4,UILL.-I AYTO nYTC.75 MWPA#JIMUI.C)(O(UM 1 PC- m l W 4 a* 1l)llYlb * . ~ ~ . ~ e u ~ b m l k - m l , r-ll*uwurhmnaurprh h e .la* 1 h r r q t 4 v y k ~ ~ ~ ~ . l ( n U 1 1 0 1 U..L. C ~ ~ K I M J ImmryI M UW. +.w.3T.- mwrs~WPMU~EIM - - - ~ E ~ J U I A ,--,.,.-..,.a , I'm~na.rJuma,u.snr.U~*rILIS' e * r . l . -- "I- [,ijR!. h~ ,** Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Draft EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica- border of FYRM Appendix F NOISE AND AIR QUALITY STANDARDS -- Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" E - 1 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Draft ETA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica-border of FYRM A. NOISE AND AIR QUALITY STANDARDS I SERBIAN PERMISSIBLE NOISE LEVELS - Permissible noise No. Dwellings level - dB(A) 1 Day I Night 1 Within Residential Buildings -- Residential building with windows closed a) from the noise sources within the building 1 35 1 30 b) from the noise sources outsidethe building 1 40 1 35 2 Public facilities with windows closed Hospitals, clinics, ambulance facilities a) patients' rooms 1 35 1 30 b) doctors' rooms 40 40 c) operationfacilities without medical devices and equipment 35 35 Rooms in the facilitiesfor children's recreation and rest, bedrooms in the facilities for old people a) from the noise sources within the building 35 30 b) fromthe noise sources outside the building 40 35 Classrooms,movie halls, reading rooms 40 40 Theatre and concerthalls 30 30 I Hotel rooms I 1 a) fromthe noise sources within the building 1 35 30 b) from the noise sources outside the building 1 40 ( 35 3 In Urban Areas outside buildings Recreational areas, outsidehospitals 1 50 1 40 Schools 45 ( 4 1Recreational Areas outside Urban Zones 1 45 ( 35 1 Source: Regulations onpermitted noise level in the environment (Off. Jour. of RS, No. 54192) Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" E - 2 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Draft EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica- border of FYRM I1 Comparison of Ambient Air Quality Standards National World Measur Period of EU Ambient Health Air ement Measwemen Serbia* Directive Quality Organisation Comment pollutant unit t 99/30/EC Standard guideline (USA)** values Sulphur ~g/m' 24 hour 150 125 365 125 EU hourly limit dioxide 1hour 350 350 d a d a value shouldbe (so21 reduced in equal annual percentage 30 min 500 d a d a 500 (lo in order to reach minutes) 0% by 1'' January year 50 2005. Proposed d a d a 50 24 hour value should not be exceeded more than 3 times per calendar year USA standard value shouldnot be exceeded more than once per year Soot %dm3 24 hour 50 d a d a d a 1hour 150 d a Nitrogen yg/m3 24 hour 85 d a d a d a EU directive also dioxide 1hour 150 200 200 refers to NO,, (No21 year 60 40 100 40 while Serbian regulation does not EU hourly limit value should be reduced in equal annual percentage in order to reach 0% by 1'' January 2010 Ozone pg/m3 24 hour 85 d a d a 120 (8 hour) (03) 1hour 150 235 d a Carbon yg/m3 24 hour 5 d a d a 10 (8 hour) USA Standard monoxide 1hour 10 40 d a should not be (co) exceeded more than once per year Lead (Pb) pg/m2/d 1month 250 d a Maximum d a Serbian aY quarterly regulations provide limit pg/m3 year d a 0.5 average d a 1.5 ~ g / r n ~ values for lead as total deposited matter and in suspension. Value in table refers to total lead deposited Sources: Jacobs Consultancy (2004), World Health Organisation (2000) Notes: *** Pollutant limit values for residential areas US Environmental Protection Agency (1992) Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" E - 3 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Final EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica -border of FYRM Appendix G CONSOLIDATED WB, EBRD, EIB COMMENTS ON DRAFT EIA REPORT Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" G - 1 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Final EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica -border of FYRM A. CONSOLIDATED WB, EBRD, EIB COMMENTS ON DRAFT EIA REPORT This chapter present consolidated WB, EBRD, and EIB comments on Draft EIA Report which were provided to the PEPS on Tuesday, March 26,2009. PEPS was analyzed delivered comments and on that base improved Draft EIA Report into Final EIA Report. General comments 1. Although the documents contain a significant amount of data related to impacts on soil, surface water, ground water and noise, the description and discussionregarding flora/fauna/ecosystems impacts is not adequate. Both roads (E-75 and E-80) are considered as new roads construction, some of it going through mountainous areas with natural forest and including several river crossings and tunnels, yet there is virtually no discussion of whether there are any areas of conservation significance along the route, any areas likely to be designated Natura 2000 sites, where rare or endangered species are found within the project area (e.g. IUCN Red list) etc. or about ecological impacts in general. We note that there are some general descriptions of the types of vegetation in various sections and lists of species known to be found - but with no discussion of their conservation significance or lack thereof. These issues should be addressed in the baseline information section, comprehensively and with support of relevant maps where necessary. This section should also include a description of reviewed studies that were undertaken recently. If no recent studies are available, then a "desktop" review should be included as a part of the baseline information. 2. Sincethe Corridor Level EIAs are summarizingmore detailed stuhes, referencesin the particular sections of the text of Corridor Level EIAs to the relevant documents listed in Annexes are required throughout. 3. The Project Description section of the Corridor level EIAs should be amended to include more information in reference to areas that are under any regime of protection (or clear statement that there are no such areas alongside the proposed alignment). This section should be strengthened by adding relevant maps (illustrating settlements, protected areas, existing and planned new roads, protected areas, rivers etc). The executive summary section should be improved to encompass project description in more details then at present. 4. "Cumulativeimpacts" and "transboundary"sections should be more detailed. One of the main purposes of preparing the corridor level EIA was to look at corridor-wide impacts, such as stimulation of economic development in certain areas, overall demand for construction materials, impact of multiple bridges and sedimentation and from multiple excavations on river dynamics, etc. These impacts should also include discussing noise/pollution~solidwaste issues originating from motels, gas stations, highway maintenance centers, rest areas etc. For transboundary impacts, the draft EIAs mainly note that rivers in the area run from Bulgaria into Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" G 2 - Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Final EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica border of FYRM - Serbia, so any surface water pollution that might happen won't affect Bulgaria, and says something about car emissions/climate change linkage. This should be improved by adding other types of transboundary impacts including impact of the corridor as a civil engineering structure, or clear statements in which areas there will be no negative impacts due to road development (including descriptions and justifications where appropriate). This section should also be strengthened in such a way to clearly indicate how the conditions of the ESP00 convention are or will be met, where relevant. Induced impacts should also be addressed in ths section - induced impacts are potential indirect, unplanned but predictable consequential negative impacts, the occurrenceof which may be either enabled or facilitatedby the project. Examples of such impacts include a new road leading to increased hunting of rare species in previously inaccessibleareas, triggering further construction along the road route or increasing STDs through increased lnflux of people. Such impacts might also occur where a project is importing large numbers of workers to an area. 5. Section on Analysis of Alternatives is presently weak in areas of discussing risks associated with various options and route alignments. This section should be strengthened by adding the explanations why some options were selected (advantages vs. disadvantages of various options) and which criteria have been used in determining the best option. This section would benefit from adding any feedback that has been received during previous public discussions and comments received from local administrationunits. 6. Section on Social and Cultural Environment should be expanded to cover the Land acquisition impacts, which are presently not quantified. There is a need to better understand the scale of physical displacement and economic displacement, together with associated social and human costs and related implications to existence and future development of local communities. Although table 7.3 in each draft EIA report says that the alignments were selected "to minimize land occupation, air pollution and noise impact on residences, to avoid unfavorable geological conditions and cultural relics", and while the "Analysis of alternatives" sections give a lot of step-by-step physicallgeographic details about the different alternative routes - they do not really provide much information about comparative environmentaVsocia1impacts (ldce additional pressure on natural resources, erosion, wastewater, solid waste, energy etc). Similarly, the impacts on vulnerable social groups are not described or assessed -and should be added to the existing sections on social impacts. In both EIAs there are settlementswhere the new road divides the village (Mala Kopashnica on E75 and Crvena Reka on E80). In both cases it is identified as having negative impacts on the community, but it is not evident whether anything has been done or will be done to mitigatelimprovethe situation. Sourcing of the construction material -draft Corridor Level EIAs say that most of the fill material required can be taken from the tunnel excavations, and if any more is needed it can be taken from various nearby borrow pitslquanies, with sand & gravel to be taken from the "alluvia" (riverbed) of the various rivers. There is no attempt to actually estimate the amount of fill material required and the amount of excavated material likely to be available, or to determine whether the quarries mentioned can in fact fill the gap, if any, nor any discussion as to where those locations are and whether they are appropriately managed. More importantly, there Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" G - 3 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Final EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica border of FYRM - is no discussion about the likely impacts of excavating sand and gravel from the existing riverbeds, although these are the classic "indirect" impacts - whch the EIA should discuss. It's not clear what is proposed for disposal of the excavated material whch is not used as fill -- the statement from EIA that it "can be dumped into ravines" does not sound very environmentally sound (despite the addition that a pipeline should be position first to avoid local instabilities which would jeopardize the highway..."). 8. The Environmental impacts, mitigation and monitoring with respect to construction lay-down areas, workers camps and the two quarries that are proposed have not been included in the EIA. This will need to be added. Some construction practices proposed in the EIA do not align with internationalbest practice - for example, the EIA suggests that i) excess excavated material that cannot be used in the road construction will be "dumped in ravines" and ii) sand and gravel to be used for road construction will be sourced from the Nisava River and its larger tributaries." These practices are not acceptable to IFIs and should be aligned with relevant international best practices -and impacts of such activities mitigated as appropriate and included in EMPs. 9. The ENIPs will need sigmficant work to meet our requirements, since at present they are quite conceptual, without sufficient details. There are descriptions of proposed mitigation measures and monitoring actions/indicatorsin various places in the documents, but it is not clear which of them will really be part of an officially adopted EMP and which are just suggestions (e.g., is there really going to be a protective fence along the whole length of the road? Are contractors really going to be required to use biodegradable lubricants and machme oils?) Although draft EIAs contain table 7.3, this isjust a general framework, whlch falls short of being an EMP (among other things, no cost estimates at all). The draft Comdor Level EIAs are also lacking a clear, concrete guidance for preparation of site-specific EMPs. The corridor level EMPs should also include at least a draft TORfor the independent consultant who will later be responsible for monitoring their (EMPs) implementation. 10. Section on Public Consultation, presently without any information, should include details of the activities carried out in February/March 2009, but also a record of already completed procedures (according to the existing Serbian legislation). It is important that those sections contain data on discussionsand disclosures of Terms of Reference for the scope of sub-section EIAs, short record and reference to relevant meetings, list of stakeholders and issues raised, data on draft sub-section EIAs, summary of comments received and data on final approval of sub-section EIAs by the Ministry of Environment. The aforementioned could be presented in a table format for the ease of reference, with detailed references to support material (that may be in Serbian and not included in the main body of Comdor Level EIA, but available as scanned copies or in Annexes). - Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" G - 4 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Final EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica- border of FYRM Specific Comments for Corridor Level EIA for E-75 14. Nature Protected Sites There is a reference to a need for nature protection in the - Grdelica canyon, but this information is not substantiated and is internally contradictory to other parts of the draft Corridor Level EIA. The "Baseline Data" section says this area is marked by numerous protected and endangered bird species, that it is a migration route (two lizard species mentioned, but it is not clear whether this is all or also include other species as well) and that "the preservation of this part of the route is extremely important." However, the "Environmental Impact" section only makes a quite general reference to habitat fragmentation and the need to build ecological corridors, followed by a statement that: "Theperusal of ofJicial records on the analyzed area did not reveal any registered habitats of rare or protected species and considering that fact, there are no grounds for any impacts." Furthermore, the EMP includes nothing about this site at all. Additional information on this sites should be included in the baseline information section of the EIA, along with an assessment of the overall impacts (both direct and indirect) and relevant mitigation and monitoring, where applicable. 15. River crossings, bridges and water related issues - similarly to situation relevant to E-80, the new E-75 will cross rivers several times, but the draft Corridor Level EIA does not include baseline information, an assessment of impacts and/or mitigation and monitoring for aquatic floralfauna, namely fish, fish habitat, benthc invertebrates, aquatic plants etc. In addition, the EIA should provide adequate information on construction methodologies and mitigation measures related to river crossings, bridge construction etc. The above should be added, together with any instructions to designers of the bridges (in relevant part of the EMF). 16. Environmental impact (section 5 of draft Corridor Level EIA) - There is no . information about the severance effect of the motonvay (in section 5.4) on exiting habitats and/or fauna migration routes, which should be addressed. The recommendations for the fauna passages should be more specific in terms of locations, specific species envisaged and special arrangements required for the drainage structure in case they will have to fulfill fauna passage functions. RESPONSES ON CONSOLIDATED COMMENTS: Final EIA Repot contain all requested responses on consolidated comments. All responces are wrinten in red font colour. Exceptions are cumulative and transboundary effects of the project which are not additionally analized through the Final EIA Report. Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" G - 5 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Draft EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica -border of PYRM Appendix H LIST OF EIA REPORT PREPARERS Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" B - 1 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Draft EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grahovnica- border of FYRM B. LIST OF EIA REPORT PREPARERS Personal Data Name : MikSa B. JOVANOVIC,M.Sc.Civ.Eng. Born : 1957, Belgrade Nationality : Serbian Profession : Civil Engineer (hydraulicengineering) Years with Company : - 21, 1984-2004,Energoprojekt-d.d. Hidroinienjering, - 5, since 2004, in the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia Present Position in Company : Head of the Divisionfor Hydrological Analysis Education & Specializations Education : - University of Belgrade, Yugoslavia, Civil Engineering Faculty, B.Sc. Degree in Civil Engineering(1976-1983) - International lnstitute for Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering (IHE), Delft, The Netherlands M.Sc. Degree in the field of Hydrology (1989-1990) Specialization : International Institute for Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering (IHE), Delft, The Netherlands, One-year Post Graduated Course for Hydrologists (1985/86) Authorization : - Issued by the Serbian Chamber of Commerce, in Belgrade, certificateNo 2288/6/87, dated 11.3.1987, - Issued by the Ministry for Public Administration and Local Self-Government, in Belgrade, certificate No 152-02- 2789/2006-06, dated 26.12.2006 Foreign Experience The Netherlands, Australia, Algeria, Peru Languages speaking writing reading English excellent excellent excellent Spanish good poor good Serbian - mother tongue Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" B - 2 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Draft EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica -border of FYRM Key Qualifications& Speciality Key Qualifications : Network design, organization and installation of hydrologi,cal and meteorological gauging stations for special analysis within different water resources projects. Supervision of field investigations. Water resources management and control. System analyses. Application of mathematical rainfall-runoff deterministic andlor black-box models for hydrological analyses. Snow-melt analyses. Detailed water balance, sediment, low flow and flood analyses by application of mathematical models. Regional hydrological and meteorological analyses of water balance, isohyetal mapping, sediment and flood calculations and application of GIs techniques for regional computations, homogeneity analyses and results interpretation and presentation. Specialty : Hydraulic Engineer specialized in Hydrology Areas of Expertise : Hydrology, deterministic and stochastic, statistical and risk analyses, mathematical modeling, computer application in water resources analyses, water resources management and control, system analysis, open channel hydraulics, steady and unsteady flow analyses, flow forecasting, regional hydrological analyses, water quality and air quality analysis Associacion of Chemists and Chemical Engineers of Serbia - training course for internal check of the quality system in laboratories for chemical analysis, certificate No 08/05, dated 28.3.2005. Affiliations & Memberships Professional Memberships : - Hydrotechnic Commission for Preparation ISOITR 11332:1998 (E) Hydrometric determinations - Unstable channels and ephemeral streams, Techcal Report, First edition 1998-07-01,IS0 Geneva Switzerland Congresses,Simposiasan Conferences - Congress of Yugoslav Hydrologists, Bled, Slovenia, 1985, Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" B - 3 PreliminaryDesign for Corridor X Highway Project Draft EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica-border of FYRM - NATO Advanced Study Institute on Hydro informatics in Planning, Design, Operation and Rehabilitation of Sewer Systems, Harrachov, Czech Republic, 1996 - WMO Climate Risk Conference,Espoo, Finland, 2006. Professional Experience 2008-2009 - Water Management Master Plan of Serbia - Water balance, low flow and flood flow analysis. 2004-2008 - Assistant Director of the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia, responsiblefor the EnvironmentalControlDepartment. - 2003 - Alger (Algeria)/Belgrade, "Feasibility Study of the two dams: I. BOU NACHI (Wilaya Tizi Ouzou) 2. TARZOUT (Wilaya Chlef)" Profession: Senior design engineer in charge of meteorological and hydrological data collection and analysis Services: Basic analysis of available meteorological data and hydrological water balance and flood analysis in the study region. - 2002 - Belgrade, "Hydrological Study of the Sava River for the Feasibility Study of the HE Kupinovo" Profession: Senior design engineer in charge of meteorological and hydrological data collection and analysis Services: Basic analysis of available meteorological data and hydrological water balance low flow and flood analysis in the study region. - Montenegro/Belgrade, "Hydrological Study of the Morinj springs capacity". Profession: Senior design engineer in charge of meteorological and hydrological data collection and analysis Services: Basic analysis of available meteorological data and hydrological water balance and low flow analysis in the study carstic region, based on performed hydrological measurements. 2000-2001 - Piura (Peru), "Estudio hidrol6gico de sedimendacion del reservorio, determinacibn de 10s limites de inundacibn aguas abajo de la presa "Poechos"" (Hydrological Study of the Reservoir Sedimentation and Determination of the Flooded Public Enterprise"Roads of Serbia" B - 4 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Draft EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica -border of FYRM Areas Downstream the "Poechos" Dam). Profession: Senior design engineer in charge of meteorological and hydrological data collection and analysis. Services: Hydrological and meteorological study; Discharge and meteorological data collection and analysis; Reconstruction/novelation of the incoming flood wave based on the water balance of the Poechos reservoir. - Belgrade (Yugoslavia), Bolivia, "Proyecto Coroico, Estudio hdrol6gico actualizado" (Coroico Project, Hydrological Study - Actualization). Profession: Senior design engineer in charge of hydrological data collection and analysis. Services: Hydrological study based on the analysis of the collected water level and discharge data. 1999-2000 - Arequipa (Peru), "Estudio hidrologico y determinaci6n de 10s limites de inundaci6n aguas abajo de la presa "El Frayle"" (Hydrological Study and Determination of the Flooded Areas Downstream the "El Frayle Dam"). Profession: Senior design engineer in charge of hydrological data collection and analysis. Services: Hydrological study; Discharge data collection and analysis; Water balance of the "El Frayle" reservoir; Analysis of actual and future water demands of downstream consumers. 1998-99 - Belgrade (Yugoslavia), "Impact Analysis of the Parcial Water Transfer From the River Tara to the River Mora6a on Downstream Dams". Profession: Senior design engineer in charge of hydrological data collection and analysis. Services: Hydrological study; Discharge data collection and analysis; Reconstruction of the natural time series of discharges - without the impact of existing upstream dams. 1994 - Lima (Peru), Belgrade, "HPP San Mateo - Feasibility Report". Profession: Senior design engineer in charge of hydrological data collection and analysis. Services: Hydrological and meteorological study; Runoff analysis - flood flow and low flow analysis; Extension of mean monthly discharges using stochasticmodel "MCL". 1991-93 - Algeria, Belgrade, PMH Project " Etude Generale de la Petite et Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" B - 5 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project DraftEIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica-border of FYRM Moyenne Hydraulique Agricole de 1'Algerie du Nord", Dossier 11,Vol. 1,2, 3,4. Profession: Design engineer for the Vol. 1, Senior design engineer for Vol. 2, 3,4, in charge of hydrological analysis. Services: Hydrological study; Rainfall-runoff modeling; Surface water and base flow estimation for each cell (2*2 km2) of the grid (as a unity of all relevant information - rainfall, topography, temperature, infiltration, etc.) that covers the area of the Northern Algeria (250.000 W). 1990191 - Belgrade (Yugoslavia), "Drina River Hydrometeorological Information System", Vol. P.8, "Development of the Mathematical Model for Hydrological forecasting". Profession : Senior design engineer. Services: Identification of SSARR model parameters and fimctions for all selected sub - catchments, application and simulations using selected data sets; Verification of the model; Model sensitivity analysis; Flow forecasting for all the HPP profiles (6), using identified model and system composition; Forecast results verification using selected criteria. 1989/90 - Delft (The Netherlands), International Institute for Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, M.Sc. thesis : "Application of Two Rainfall-Runoff Models to Flood Estimation for the Wanagamba Dam Catchment (Australia)" - 1989 - Belgrade (Yugoslavia), "Hydraulic Study of the Velika Morava River". Profession: Senior design engineer in charge of hydraulic computations. Services: Statistical flood flow analysis; Hydraulic computations of the water level for the natural regime and for the designed regime with seven dams in cascade, using HEC-2 program. 1988 - Belgrade (Yugoslavia), "Dam Brake Calculation for the 'Sase' Waste Dam". Profession: Senior design engineer Services: Basic hydrological study; Hydraulic computations of the flood wave propagation caused by the dam failure - using DAMBRK program. 1987 - Belgrade (Yugoslavia), "Hydrological Study of the River Jerma". Public Enterprise "Roads of Serbia" B - 6 Preliminary Design for Corridor X Highway Project Draft EIA Report E-75 Highway, section Grabovnica -border of FYRM Profession: Design Engineer in charge of hydrologicalanalysis Services: Field work - water levelldischarge measurements; Regional analysis of surface flow; Statistic and deterministic approach in the analysis of flood flow and low flow for the dam site "Odorovci", as well as evaluation of MPF for determined MPP; Estimation of a load transport based on measured suspended load concentrations. - Belgrade, "Drina River Hydrometeorological Information System" Profession: Design Engineer in charge of hydrological data collection and analysis. Services: Collection and analysis of hydrological data from the Drina River catchment (20.000 krn2) in order to establish data bank. 1985186 - Delft (The Netherlands), Post Graduated Course for Hydrologists at the International Institute for Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering. 1984185 - Belgrade (Yugoslavia), "Hydrological Study of the River Porekka". Profession : Design engineer in charge of hydrological analysis and hydraulic computations. Services: Field work - water levelldischarge measurements; Water level calculation for discharges with statistically determined return periods. Public Enterprise "Roadsof Serbia" B - 7 INSTITUTE FOR NATURE PROTECTION HEAD OFFICE:11070Novi Beograd. Dr. lvana Ribara St.91;Tel: 01112093-800;2093-801;Fax:011CL093-867;beograd@natureprotection.org.yu Date: June 12, 2006 Ref. No. 03-85212 Transport and Traffic Institute CIP 11 000 Belgrade NemanjinaSt. 6 CONDITIONS OF NATUREAND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION FOR THE NEEDS OF PREPARATIONOF PREI-IMINARY DESIGN E-75 BELGRADE- NIS FYRM BORDER - Section: Donji Neradovac Levosoje - (from km 926+400 to km 942+195.00) Based on the submitted documents and the insight into the documents of the lnstitute for Nature Protection of the Republic of Serbia and Central Registry of ProtectedAreas maintained by this Institute, it was noted that for the route of the E-75 motorway, Section: Dovji Neradovac- Levosoje there were no protected areas. By the road construction, fragmentation of the flora and fauna habitatswill be preformed and impermeability of barriers for the biggest (or big) number of animal species would be created. Due to conservation of biodiversity of the region, it is necessary to ensure animal free movements from and to preserved subpopulations at natural habitats. By using some of the previous positive experiences from abroad, we believe that already constructed and designed passages could be used as multifunctional passages for small and big animals, primarily mamma,ls. Multifunctional passages along the waterconrse: Planned passes over the watercourses (bridges) with minor modifications can be used as type of ecological corridors. The watercourse bed should OCCLIPY maximum one third of the passage under the road. Dimensionsof the passage should be designed so to satisfy this criterion. Profile of .the river-bed should possess gradient smaller than 45 degrees (optimum is 30); Sides of the riverbanks along the watercourse should be of rough rippled surface (e.g. by making of horizontal ribs), so to prevent sliding of animals into water and enable their easier getting out from water. The area behind and in front of the passage should be covered by earth material of the same type as material on the subject location and overgrown by typical vegetation of the surrounding; For passages for amphibians and some other types of animals preferring moist habitats and living near water, it is possible to use already designed pipes for soil drainage. Their size and position in this case can satisfy the requested conditions in relation to free movement of amphibiansduring their seasonal migrations. Borrow pits: Borrow pits for sand and earth material can have multiple negative impacts on biodiversity. In case of creation of open spills of freatic groundwater at the location of the borrow pit. The open freatic pits by its evaporation impact negatively on natural regime of surrounding moist habitats. After abundance of the borrow pit, the renewed vegetation and water surface attract animal species that may be hurt on the motorway. If considered on a long-term basis, the habitat of this type functions as a trap for many species. Populations of birds, amphibians and reptiles are the most endangered. Conditions: Borrow pits cannot be excavated deeper than at maximum level of groundwater so to prevent occurrence of open freatic pit; Borrow pits near passages for animals should include preserved areas of fertile land of original structure (necessary quantity of fertile earth material shall be provided) so to establish depots. During revitalization, it is necessary to restore-thevegetation typical for the subject area. Planting of trees and plants with attractive fruits should be avoided as to prevent attraction of birds and their potential killing along the motorway. INS'TITUTE FOR NATURE PROTECTION HEAD OFFICE: 11070 Novi Beograd, Dr. lvana Ribara St. 91; Tel: 01112093-800;2093-801; Fax:011/2093-867; beograd@natureprotection.org.yu Date: November29, 2007 Ref. 110. 03-258112 Highway lnstitute 11 000 Belgrade KumodraSkaSt. 257 CONDI'TIONS FOR EIA PREPARATIONFOR PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF E-75 MOTORWAY BELGRADE NIS FYRM BORDER - - Section: VladiCin Han Donji Neradovac - Based on the submitted documents and the insight into the documents of the Institute for Nature Protection of the Republic of Serbia and Central Registry of Protected Areas maintained by this Institute, it was determined that for the region stated for preparation of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) there were no protected areas. J The stated road route goes through frequently flooded area of the Juzna Morava River.Although it suffered significant anthropogenic influencefor most of its part and was transferred into the status of agro-biocenosis,in the relatively narrow parameter along the river it maintained some characteristicsof autonomy and preserved some remains of natural vegetation groups that are characteristic for the frequently flooded areas, as well as animal species present at sirr~ilarlocations. These ecosystems are characterized by high sensitivity and fragility in comparison to modification of their basic structural and functional characteristics. Therefore, during a process of analysis, it is necessary to pay special attention to natural and semi-natural conditions of ecosystems of the Juzna Morava region. The whole area should be observed in the integral manner together with synergy and cascade effect of different influencing factors (impacts of modification of regime of groundwater on survival of forests and moist meadows, fragmentation of habitats, impact on animal habitats and similar). Special attention should be paid to the section Interchange Vrar~je(km 920+313.15 to km 926) due to constructionof the new alignment through Vranjsko polje and agro-ecosystems and area of the Juzna Morava. J The existing high green vegetation, particular trees, group of trees and groves (especially in case that these include the species - English oak, ash and similar and fragments of poplar - willow forests) should be preserved in the greatest possible scope. During preparation of the site for the works execution, unnecessary cutting and removal of trees and forests should be maximallyavoided. J Since the subject area also includes some game birds and mammals, which besides ecologic also have particular economic significance, during analyses, it is necessary to pay special attention to possible endangering of the population of these species and of their general status in the area of intensive activities of construction and exploitation of the road. J Protective measures are to be stated also for other fauna species and not only for game animals or other species of economic importance J The fact that Grdelica Gorge is located on the north of the section should be also considered, since it represents a reserve of tertiary flora, rare endangered species and mixed relict vegetation. Species that are very rare or almost vanished in Serbia can be found here. It also represents a form of corridor used by some individuals of herpetofauna to spread to the north (e.g. reptiles - Pordacis tauricus, Podarcis erhardii). Therefore, it is of high importance to conserve part of the corridor from Vladicin Han to Vranje, especially if one has in mind that fringes of areals of these species are on ,the mentioned locations. Additionally, elements of ornithofauna of 'wider area include a bigger nurr~berof protected and endangered species. These primarily include prey birds such as Golden Eagle - Aquila chrysaetos and Peregrine Falcon - Falco peregrinus. These two species are in unfavourable position, they are dependant on protection, so it is necessary to reduce or eliminate negative anthropogenic influence. Consequently, special attention should be paid to conservation of agro-ecosystems along the Juzna Morava and remains of habitats, which mostly present hunting area for these species. INSTITUTE FOR NATURE PROTECTION HEAD OFFICE:11070NoviBeograd,Dr.lvanaRibaraSt.91; Tel:01112093-800;2093.801; Fax:Oll12093-867;beograd@natureprotee(ion.org.yu Date: November 29,2007 Ref. No. 03-2582t2 Highway Institute 11 000 Belgrade KumodraSkaSt. 257 CONDITIONS FOR PREPARATION OF EIA FOR PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF E-75 MOTORWAY BELGRADE NIS FYRM BORDER - - Section: Grabovnica - Grdelica Based on the submitted documents, field trip and the insight into the documents of the lnstitute for Nature Protection of the Republic of Serbia and Central Registry of ProtectedAreas maintained by this Institute, it was determined that for the region stated for preparation of the Enviror~mentalImpact Assessment (EIA) there were no protected areas. J Since the stated road route for most of its part goes through semi-urban and urban zones with significant presence of anthropogenic factors, during analyses, special attention should be dedicated to impact of the motorway construction on settlements on the route and in its immediate vicinity, as well as to agro-ecosystems and other semiautonomous and non-autonomous ecosystems near settlements. In that sense, it is necessaryto assess the existing (current) impacts on the area. J It is necessary to define narrow and wider zone of construction and motorway functioning impacts on environment (especially from the aspect of protection of agricultural land and production of food of adequate quality). In addition, it is necessary to determine the zones of impact and quantities of pollutants that by washing out from the motorway pavement can get into soil and water. Based on the results, measures and recommendations for use of the land should be established. The subject of investigations should be the zone within 100m on the left and right side of the alignment. J For the surfaces and zones possessing concentration of heavy metals and other pollutants higher than permitted, purpose of such land is to be determined so to avoid use of the land in production of plants for sustena~iceof people and cattle, at the distance of at least 50m from the pavement edge. J Possibility of use of plants such as Brassicaeae, Euphorbiacea, Asteracee, Lamiaceae within grassing of the surfaces of the right of way where increase of heavy metal concentration may occur, should be regarded, since these plants belong to the group of hyper-accumulators, i.e. they have developed ability of accumulation of the pollutants, thus decreasing their concentration in soil and water. J At the locations where the motorway alignment creates big side cuts and fissures, it is necessary to state bioengineering measures for protectionof land from erosion. J Solution for reducing of noise effects for motorway section near a settlement should be determined (allowed noise level is 65 dB for day and 55 dB for night). It is necessary to determine precisely critical spots where the noise exceeds the stated limits and state the adequate measures for its reduction. These impacts can be mitigated by creating zones of protective verdure, as well as protective structures of different absorption capacities (these can reduce noise levels even for 113, depending on the distance). Materials satisfying the environmental requirements such as decrease of noise and vibrations and enabling of effective water drainage from the pavement surface, should be used for pavement surface overlaying. JAlthough the stated motorway route for most of its part corresponds to the existing one, because of the planned widening of the existing lanes, construction of additional embankments, placing of fences and similar, it is necessary to include the whole route in the EIA, as well as to cover the motorwayon the de novo principle. J Structures of modern infrastructures such as motorways and railways have multiple negative impacts on living creatures. These negative impacts are presented both directly and indirectly during the construction of a road and during its function. Intensity and consequences of unfavourable impacts on each particular fauna and flora group and ecosystems are specific, so it is necessaryto have analysis of these unfavourable impacts and propose adequate effective and efficient protective measures. Because of the specific responses of different components of biodiversity to external impacts, during preparation of proposal of these measures it is necessary to apply the approach that is in accordance with the existing particularities and clearly defined from the spatio-temporal aspect. Knowledge of bionomy and habits of the animal species in animal biocenoses along the motorway route is of primary importance. J The stated road route goes through frequently flooded area of the Juzna Morava River. Although it suffered significant anthropogenic influence for most of its part and was transferred into the status of agro-biocenosis, in the relatively narrow parameter along the river it maintained some characteristics of autonomy and preserved some remains of natural vegetation groups typical for the frequently flooded areas, as well as animal species present at similar locations. These ecosystems are characterized by high sensitivity and fragility in comparison to the modification of their basic structural and functional characteristics. Therefore, during a process of analysis, it is necessary to pay special attention to natural and semi-natural conditions of ecosystems of the Juzna Morava region. The whole area should be observed in the integral manner together with synergy and cascade effect of different influencing factors (impacts of modification of regime of groundwater on survival of forests and moist meadows, fragmentation of habitats, impact on animal habitats and similar). J The existing high green vegetation, particular trees, group of trees and groves (especially in case that these include the species English oak, ash and similar and - fragments of poplar - willow forests) should be conserved in the greatest possible scope. During preparation of the site for the works execution, unnecessary cutting and removal of trees and forests should be maximally avoided. J Since the subject area also includes some game birds and mammals,which besides ecologic also have particular economic significance, during analyses execution it is necessary to pay special attention to possible endangering of the population of these species and of their general status in the area of intensive activities of construction and exploitation of the road. J Protective measures are to be stated for other fauna species and not only for game animals or other species of econor~.ricimportance.The area near the Juzna Morava, app. zone from Vladicin Han to Presevo, represents the habitat of sibling vole - Microtus rossiameridionalis,which is very rare in Serbia since it can be found only at three locations,which are exactly on the route of the new motorway. JThe fact that Grdelica Gorge is located on the north of the section should be also considered, since it represents a reserve of tertiary flora, rare endangered species and mixed relict vegetation. Species that are very rare or almost vanished in Serbia can be found here. It also represents a form of corridor used by some individualsof herpetofauna to spread to the north (e.g. reptiles - Pordacis tauricus, Podarcis erhardii). Therefore, it is of high importance to preserve part of the corridor from Vladicin Han to Vranje, especially if one has in rr~indthat fringes of areals of these species are on the mentioned locations. Additionally, elements of ornithofauna of wider area include a bigger number of protected and endangered species. These primarily include prey birds such as Golden Eagle - Aquila chrysaetos and Peregrine Falcon - Falco peregrinus. These two species are in unfavourable position, they are dependant on protection, so it is necessary to reduce or eliminate negative anthropogenic influence. Consequently, special attention should be paid to conservation of agro-ecosystems along the Juzna Moraca and remains of habitats, which mostly present hunting area for these species. INSTITUTE FOR NATURE PROTECTION HEAD OFFICE: 11070 Novi Beograd, Dr. lvana Ribara St. 91; Tel: 01112093800; 2093-801; Fax:011/2093-867;beograd@natureprotection.org.yu Date: December 07, 2005 Ref. No. 03-205812 Highway lnstitute II000Belgrade KumodraSkaSt. 257 CONDITIONS OF NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION FOR THE NEEDS OF EIA PREPARATION FOR E-75 MOTORWAY NIS -FYRM BORDER Section: Caricina Dolina -Vladicin Han 2. Based on the submitted documents and the insight into the documents of the lnstitute for Nature Protection of the Republic of Serbia and Central Registry of Protected Areas, it was stated that for the proposed route of E-75 motorway there are no protectedareas. 6. Most of the stated motorway section goes through Grdelica Gorge, which represents a reserve of tertiary flora, rare endangered species and mixed relict vegetation. Therefore, its conservation and protection are of high importance. Species that are very rare or almost vanished in Serbia can be found here. These species include endemic Balcanic species Consolida uechtritziana, Soo, habitats of which are in the immediate vicinity of the section (Caricina dolina) in Derven Gorge. This taxon is included in the Red Data Book of Serbian Flora 1. Since this plant is present on plows besides roads, the assurr~ptionis that it can be also found in Grdelica Gorge (on the motorway section Caricina dolina - Vladicin Han). In case of continuation of negative influences,these habitats could become ecologically unsteadyand vulnerable. The gorge also represents a form of corridor used by some individuals of herpetofauna to spread from the south to the north. At the same time, this road represents the shortest route from Vranje Gorge to Leskovac Gorge. Animals that use this corridor are Pordacis tauricus, Podarcis erhardii). Therefore, it is of high ir~iportanceto preserve this area, especially if one has in mind that fringes of areals of these species are on the mentioned locations. Birds' fauna in Grdelica Gorge is mostly characterized by a bigger number protected and endangered species. These primarily include prey birds such as Golden Eagle - Aquila chrysaetos and Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus. These two species are in - unfavourable position, they are dependant on protection, so it is necessary to reduce or eliminate negative anthropogenic influence. Similarly, other typical species for thermopile, stone habitats such as Bubo bubo, Alectoris graeca, Monticola saxatilis, Oenanthe hispanika and Hirundo daurica should not be neglected. In order to protect these rare species, it is necessary to follow the measures prescribed under the item 8. 8. Upon identification of potential negative impacts on the environment, it is necessary to identifythe measures to be implemented so to reduce or eliminate these impacts. 4 The existing high green vegetation, particular trees, group of trees and groves (especially in case that these include the species - English oak, ash and similar and fragments of poplar - willow forests) should be conserved as much as possible. Possibility of use of plants such as Brassicaeae, Euphorbiacea, Asteracee, Lamiaceae within grassing of the surfaces of the right of way where increase of heavy metal concentration may occur, should be regarded, since these plants belong to the group of hyper-accumulators, i.e. they have developed ability of accumulationof the pollutants,thus decreasing their concentration in soil and water. 4 Designing and construction of "ecological corridors" (passages for fauna) are mandatory. These passages can be located above or under the road, depending on the actual needs and conditions in the field. Outer rims of Manojle Tunnel can be used as "ecological corridor", since this type of function can be achieved only by minor corrections. Having in mind the complexity of amphibians and smaller mammals' crossing over the motorway, as attachment to this document we are submitting possible solutions, which also ask for assistance of the expert staff from the Institutefor Nature Protection. 4 Duringexecution of the works on regulationand arrangementof watercourses in the area of the works execution, appliance of so-called "natural arrangement" is obligatory, in addition to avoidance of concreting of banks and riverbeds (stone and similar materials can be used) and adjustment of riverbeds. Additionally, utmost conservation of autochthon, riverside vegetation should be planned. In case of necessity for removal, upon completion of works, banks should be made green again. It is prohibited to leave surpluses of material and waste material in the watercourse. INSTITUTE FOR NATURE PROTEC'TION HEAD OFFICE: 11070 Novi Beograd, Dr. lvana Ribara St. 91; Tel: 01112093400;2093401; Fax:01112093-867;beograd@natureprotection.org.yu Date: June 29, 2006 Ref. No. 03-85312 Transport and Traffic InstituteCIP II000Belgrade Nemanjina St. 6 CONDI'TIONS FOR EIA PREPARATION FOR PREI-IMINARY DESIGN OF E-75 MOTORWAY . BELGRADE NIS - FYRM BORDER - Section: Gornje Polje -Caricina dolina (from km 873+714.86 to km 886+050.91) Based on the submitted documents and insight into the Registry of Protected areas in the Republic of Serbia, Institute for Nature Protection states that for the route of Preliminary Design for E-75 motorway, Belgrade - Nis - FYRM Border, Section: Gornje Polje - Caricina dolina, there are no specially protected areas, therefore there are no special obligations for the Author of ,the Design. Most of the stated E-75 motorway section goes through Grdelica Gorge, which represents a reserve of tertiary flora, rare endangered species and mixed relict vegetation. Therefore, its conservation and protection are of high importance. Species that are very rare or almost vanished in Serbia can be found here. These species include endemic Balcanic species Consolida uechtritziana, Soo, habitats of which are in the immediate vicinity of the section (Caricina dolina) in Derven Gorge. This taxon is included in the Red Data Book of Serbian Flora I. Since this plant is present on plows besides roads, the assumption is that it can be also found in Grdelica Gorge (on the motorway section Caricina dolina - Vladicin Han). In case of continuation of negative impacts, these habitats could become ecologically unsteady and vulnerable. The gorge also represents a form of corridor used by some individuals of herpetofauna to spread from the south to ,the north. At 'the same time, this road represents the shortest route from Vrar~jeGorge to Leskovac Gorge. Animals that use this corridor are Pordacis tauricus, Podarcis erhardii). Therefore, it is of high importanceto conserve this part of corridor, especially if one has in mind that fringes of areals of these species are on the mentioned locations. Birds' fauna in Grdelica Gorge is mostly characterized by a bigger number protected and endangered species. These primarily include prey birds such as Golden Eagle - Aquila chrysaetos and Peregrine Falcon - Falco peregrinus. These two species are in unfavourable position, they are dependant on protection, so it is necessaryto reduce or eliminate negative anthropogenic influence. Similarly, other typical species for thermopile, stone habitats such as Bubo bubo, Alectoris graeca, Monticola saxatilis, Oenanthe hispanika and Hirundo daurica should not be neglected. Ecoloqicalcorridors For the purpose of conservation of biodiversity of the region, it is necessary to enable animal free movements from and to preserved subpopulations at natural habitats. Due to this reason, constr~~ctionof "ecological corridors" is obligatory. During designing and construction of the motorway, it is necessary to include construction of passages for small and big animals, which would be located above or under the motorway, depending on the needs and characteristics of the terrain so to mitigate negativeeffects of the road as much as possible. By using some of the previous positive experiences from abroad, we believe that multifunctional passages for small and big animals, primarily mammals were the only solution to this problem. Multifunctional passages along the watercourse: Planned passes over the watercourses (bridges) with minor modifications can be used also as type of ecological corridors. The watercourse bed should occupy maximum one third of the passage underthe road. Dimensions of the passage should be designed so to satisfythis criterion. Profile of the river-bed should possess gradient smaller than 45 degrees (optimum is 30); Sides of the riverbanks along the watercourse should be of rough rippled surface (e.g. by making of horizontal ribs), so to prevent sliding of animals into water and enable their easier getting out from water. The area behind and in front of the passage should be covered by earth material of the same type as material on the subject location and overgrown by typical vegetation of the surrounding; For passages for amphibians and some other types of animals preferring moist habitats and living near water, it is possible to use already designed pipes for soil drainage. Borrow pits: Borrow pits for sand and earth material can have multiple negative impacts on biodiversity. Populationsof birds, amphibians and reptiles are the most endangered. Conditions: Borrow pits cannot be excavated deeper than at maximum level of groundwater so to preventoccurrence of open freatic pit; Borrow pits near passages for animals should include preserved areas of fertile land of original structure (necessary quantity of fertile earth material shall be provided) so to establishdepots. During revitalization, it is necessary to restore the vegetation that is typical for the subject area. Planting of trees and plants with attractive fruits should be avoided as to prevent attraction of birds and their potential killing along the motorway. INSTITUTE FOR NATURE PROTECTION HEAD OFFICE: 11070 Novi Beograd. Dr. lvana Ribara St. 91; Tel: 01112093-800; 2093-801: Fax:01112093-867; beograd@natureprotection.org.yu Date: February 27, 2008 Ref. No. 03-23712 Transport and Traffic Institute CIP II 000Belgrade Nemanjina St. 6 Subject: Modification and amendment of the conditions of nature and environment protection for the needs of preparation of Preliminary Design for E-75 motorway, Belgrade - Nis - FYRM Border, Section: Gornje Polje - Caricina dolina, from km 873+714.86 to km 885+726.739 Modification and amendment of the mentioned conditions are necessary due to modification of part of the Preliminary design (change of the motorway route from km 878+960.41 to km 881+819.43). The motorway route near Predejane settlement is "transferred"into the hill and goes through a tunnel in the length of 1000m. By the insight into the submitted documents and Registry of Protected Areas in the Republic of Serbia, Institute for Nature Protection states that for the route of E-75 motorway; Belgrade - Nis - FYRM Border, Section: Gornje Polje - Caricina dolina, from km 873+714.86 to km 885+726.739, includingthe subject tunnel, there are no protected areas, therefore there are no special obligations for the Author of Preliminary Design. Within the execution of the works on tunnel construction, special efforts shall be made to avoid and reduce as much as possible a destruction of the existing .floraand fauna around the planned entrance and exit of the tunnel portals, left and right tunnel tube, and areas that arch the tunnel tubes since these would serve as efficient passages for different animal species, i.e. their survival in ,thisarea. - Y ~ o n n ~6no ce TOKOM p w B a Hanmo Ha apxeonoluKa Haiiunma n n apxeonouKe ~ npemere, n3soFjaq pasosa je nyxaH na onMax, 6e3 onnaraea npeKnHe paqose n o6asecTn Hannemn 3ason 3a sarnTnry cnoMeHwKa Kynrype H na npenpMe Mepe na ce ~ a n a 3He y ~ n l u ~w nlie oluTern H na ce caclpa Ha MecTy n nonoaajy y ~ojewje OTKPHBCH. P e n y 6 a n r ~ x3ano.A aa ~ a r n ~ n +cnoMennKa KyaType y - be or pa^ Institute for the Protecr~ono f Cultural Yonuments of Serbia Belgrade Pu.oc,\asa Tpyj~hal l Radoslava Gmjlh 11 Ill18 6eotpw l1llBBelpde Cpbnja Serbia Tea. (011) 24 5 1786 Phone +381 11 24 54 786 Qartc (011) 34 41 430 Fax +381 11 34 41 430 MHCTMTYT 3A nYTEBE a.n. ~ o c ~ a e w ~ n : - Hacnosy FEOrPAA - apxwsn Yn. Kyonparn~a6p.257 npen~er:Mnlumeee Besa: Ram nonnc 6poj 20-65 on 19.02.2008. ronwHe M H C T N3a~nyre~eje ynyrno PenyEinwq~o~sasony sa T ~ ~ ~ U I T N T Y CnoMeHriKaKynTme - Ewrpan, saxTee 3a nsnaeabe mmfiena n ycnosa sa n3pwy C ~ y n n ~o enpoqeHn yrnUaJa Ha mnsoTHy cpennHy3a kfne~~wnpoJeKar ayronyra E - 75 Eeorpau - Hnlu -rpaHRuaEJPM, neoHnqa q a p ~ q eAoJMHa - B ~ W ~ HX H~ on km 886 + 000 no km 900 + 100 ~ a H TRMnoBouoM, cxonHo ~ a x e h unponucaMa y noMeHy 3aru~w~exweoTHe cpennne ( ~ ~ K0OCTpaTeluKOJnpoqeHn yrwqaJa Ha )I(HBOTHY CPenHHY, ,,Cnyx6e~nrnaCHHK PC', 6p H 135104), Penybnnq~w3aeon 3a 3aluTHTycnoMeHnKa Kymype -Feorpan naJe cnenehe ycnose: - Ha 03aaqe~iojneoHnqn esHAeHTnpma cy, TOKOM CncTeMaTcKux apxeonomKnx peKorHocqnpa5a 06aafieuwx 2003. ronnHe, cneneha apxeonoluKa Hana3nluTa: 1. K p m ~ u-eCB.Tpojnqa, KaCHOaHTnqKaBNna 2. Kpxn~qe-C~aporpo6me, cpenweeltoaaa HeKponona 3. nnfia~osaq- npanc~opnjc~oHaceme 4. 'lnsna~- BnmecnojHo Haceme 5. K a n n ~ a ~-usnluecnojuo Hanarrnme e - Ha noKanarmwMa Kpxn~ue- Ca.Tpojnqa. K p m ~ q - C T ~rpo6me w nnmaKoBas e ~ O obasfie~acy coHAama apxeonoluKa ncTpwsaea 2004. ronme, ~ o j a~opajy6 n ~ w nacraameHa 360r ~ ~ H X O B O ~ s~aqaja; - Ha ocranm noKannTernMa HeonxonHo je o6aan~napxeonouma ncKonasaea 360r Knxosor 3~aqaja; - npe 3anoqnnaea 6nno KaKBAX 3 e m a ~ n xpasoea Ha noMeHyrnM no~aqnjak~a HeonxonHoje 6naroape~e~o06asecra~aPeny6nuq~nsason sa ~ ~ U I T N TCnOMeHAKa Y KynType- Eeorpu, K ~ K O6n ce npeTxonHo o6asnna apxeonoluKa ncTpaxnBana; IV OBOperuese He ocno6aba nonHocaoua s m e s a 06asese n p n 6 a s ~ b ~w~ a npyrwx ycnoaa, nossona n carnacHocrs npea~nijeauxnponncnMa. m.99. CTaB 2. TariKa I, 100.CTaB 1 ,104, 109. H 110.3aKoHa0K ~ ~ ~ n06PHMa M ~ H H V OBOpemene saxn roneny naHa on nana u3nasam.a. (ctCnyxBeau rnacHwK PC)),6poj 71/94) a wrma 131. 3axo~ao onurreM ynpaaHoM VI Xan6a He onnaxe nsspmewe osor pemem. nocTynKy (tcCnyx6e~nmICT CPJ)), 6p. 33/91 a 31/01), a Ha saxres Cao6pahaj~or U H C T ~ ~ T 113 CIP ~ Leorpwa, ynnua HeklalbnHa6, noHocu OBOM3asony ce o6parn0 Caobpahaj~unHcrn.Iyr C1P as 6eorpana, ynaua HeMana~a6, 3aBreso~3a asaaRaFe ycnosa na aspmy kinejH01- n p o j e ~ ~ a ayroIva E-75, Feorpan-Ham-Tpa~auaFJP Ma~eaonuja,neonnua AoH.~Hepwosau - I Mepe TexHnvKe saurruTe 3a no~pe6ew3pane &ej~or npoje~raayrony'ra E- Jleaocoje 0 n . h 926+400.86 no km 942+195.00. 75, 6eorpan-Hnur-rparrwua 5JP Maxeno~uja,neoHnua Aofiii Hepaoeau - JIenocoje Y TOKY 2002. ronuHe 06asneHa cy cHc.reivareKa apxeonomKa on km 926+400.86 no krn 942+195.00, pana aeTa&~emanusc y~nuajaHa mnorny pcKorHocuaparaa 6ynyhe rpace ayronyra E-75, Hum - r p a ~ a u aEiJP Ma~eno~uia. cpennay, Mory ce npenysmn npeMa ~ n e n e ycnoamra: h ~ ~ E s n n e ~ r s p a cyaHenoKperHa KymypHa no6pa y yxoj a mnpoj ~ O H HHaseneHeTpace ~ ny-ra. Hosa nyma npasau Kopncru y s c r o p w j c ~ onorneny upocrop Ha l t o j e ~je ~ - Ha rpace ay-ronyTa E-75, Leorpw-Hnm-Tpa~~ua6JP Ma~enonuja, OYeKasaHo na ce s e h n e o ~~ana3eocraun ~arepnjijarr~eKynrype u3 nepaona neonaua Aonn Hepano~au - Jlesocoje on km 926+400.86 no km npanc~opnje,n o ~ n n a m jP ~ C K O T e uapcrsa R cpeaeosertoeeor nepaona. 942t195.00, eaenemepawa cy cneneha HenoxpeTHa Kynqpna no6pa: P m samnTe KynrypHnx no6apa w apxeonoruxm wanatiura Cao6pafiaj~n - noen Hepanosau, nOKanHTeT rono Pe6po U H C T ~ T CIP a3 6eorpana nyxmje na nocTynH no hlepma ~ o j cy usnare y e OBOM tIIasnosau, noKannTeT q y ~ a p pemc%y. cFIasnosau, n0Kannre.T r y ~ ~ n r n r e no saxTeay peme~oje xao y wcnosanlay. -naanoaar~,noKanuTer Cysn no Ha ocaosy waHa 104. cTae 3. 3 a ~ o ~o aKynTypam no6pli~a,xan6a He -tAasuno~au,noKannreT Aaennosau (Ha e e s e p o a c ~ o ~ ~nepn4epnjn o i omaxe wsepmese peuiena. cena) n o saxresy perueHoje Kao y nncno3a~a~y. fla~unosau.noKanaTeT rpannme IIOYICA 0IIPABHOM JIEICY: nporw oBor peruena nos~ofie~jeaxan6a - A~RSI~OBBU.R n0KanaTe-tAaeunonau (Hajyrosanan~ojnepnaep~~jucena) M e ~ n c ~ a p c rKyrmype y p o ~ yon 15 naHa on naHa nocrasmaraa pemena. XanBa ce s y ~ ~ J ~ E I nOKCIflUTeTrpIIITMua O ~ U , nopHocn npexo noHocuoua osor pewem, a Ha OCIIOBY snwa 16. 3 a ~ o ~o a KylrrypnwM po6pn~a,ocno6obe~aje nnahasa p e n y 6 n a ~ ~arwaHlrcrpauwsHeTaKce. e -r Ca~o,seua,JroKanHrerI b w w m ~ e - Ha KynrypHHM no6pma K0ja cy HaseneHa ac ~ o m ece sptnwrw pac~onaaane,pytuene, npenpasmarae m a 6nno Kamw panose KO~KMnry na Hapyrue c~ojcrsa KynqpHor no6pa 6e3 npeTxonHo yrspfie~ex n o e e 6 ~ m ycnosa sa n p e n y s u ~ a ~Mepa TemulHme ~ a u r ~ ~wr e e carnacHocTu Ha TexHnsKy no~yhien~au~jy ~oerasmn: - n o m o c ~ n a umx~esa,OAHOCHO n~sec~wropje nyHtaHna: - non~ocwolg. - Apxwu - 06e36em cpencma sa n c v a x a s a e , apxeonomwn nusop, s m m y , Vaaffie, ny6na~osaH.en Hsnararae no6apa ~ o j eyxasajy npeTxoaHy s a m ~ n ~y ycnyrajy spmena seMmaHsix, rp*eeanc~ax a ocTannx panoaa Ha nospmuHaMa me ce Hanme apxeonomKa~ a n a a u r r a KynTypHa no6pa non npelxonHohlsamTnmM. - 06aacc~aPeny6na~xn3WOA 3a 3alItTkiTyCnOMeHHKa KYJIType - k0rpWI A OnroBopHor crpymalta cnyx6e nmruTe aa csaKy no~auujy nojenwHarHo ~ o j je npenMeT kiAej~ornpojelcla a H06es6ean s m ~ n a apxeonomxa wcKollaeana a cramn apxeonomn nwsop. 11 non~ocnnausaxresa WxaH je na aspann npoje~ary cseMy y cKnany ca ri3narn~ycnoanMa a3 Tame 1. osor peruesa. 111 n o 83pa.nH npoje~ray cKnany ca OBHM ycnoswMa, nonHocnnau saxresaje WxaH na Ha acra npn6aen carnacaocr Peny6nns~orsasona sa saurtmy cnoMeHeKa KYnVPe- I Peny6nas~asaaon 3a 3 a m ~ n ~cnoMennKa KynType n3 Eeorpana, Ha y OCHOBY qn. 99. CTaB 2. TasKa 2, 101. CTaB 1.U 104. 3aK0~a0 KYnTYPHHM no6pn~a(tcCnyxt6eli~rnaCHUK PC)),6poj 71/94) H WaHa 131. ~ K O 0HOnmTeM flPaBHOM IlOCTflKY (((Cnyx6e~unHCT ~ CPJ)), 6p. 33/97 n 31/01), Ha sax~eeCao6pahaj~ornHcTnTyra CIP 113Eeorpana, Yn. Hehlatb~Ha6p.6, nOHOCM I nponyxaaa ce aamene Peruetba Peny6nws~or 3aaona 3a 3amTuTy CnoMeHiIKa ~yn~ype-Eeorpan 0401 6poj 5/1114 on 12.06.2006. ronme, K O ~ U Mcy u3na~nycnoelr 3a npenpuhrane Mepa TexHnsKe3 a u ~ n 3aeno~pe6easpwe kinejnor npojeKTa ayronyra E-75, ~ Feorpan-Hum-Tpa~uuaEJP MaKenoHnja,neonuqa r'opne nohe - Uapnrw~aaonnHa on km 873+714.86 no km 886+050.91, panw AeTaJbHe a~ann3eyinuaja H a mnaoTHy cpenuHy. 111 Xan6a He onnaxe w3apureneoaor peurena OBOM3q~onyce 06parno ce Cao6pahaj~nnHcrnryr CIP w3 Eeorpana, Yn. He~akb#Ha 6p.6, saxTeaoM 3a nponyxerse aametsa peurena K O ~ W M cy y i ~ p q e ~ycnoBw 3a npenpnMane n Mepa TexHawe 3am.rnTe3anorpe6e w3pane kinej~orn p o j e ~ ~ayronyra E-75, Feorpw-Hum- a r'pannua 6JP Mxenonuja, neonnua ropne nome - 4apasnna nonnHa on km 873+714.86 no km 886+050.91, pa&u A a a m ~ ea ~ a ~ 1yrnuaja Ha ~ 3 e MBOTHY cpenn~y,0401 6poj 511114 on 12.06.2006.ronnHe. IIpe~cnli~nsatbe~peurena 0401 6poj 511114 on 12.06.2006. ronwe, yrepbe~oje na HeMa HOBAX WneHnua nnn MoMeHaTa KOJH6n yinumu Ha TO na u c ~ o6yne npohietbeao 3a ~ a c ~ y n a jnepaon on ronnHy naHa. y h n o 3ax~esypeureHo je Kao y nncno3n~u~y. Ha o c ~ o s ysnaHa 104. cTas 3. 3 a ~ o ~oaKynTypHnM no6pn~a,man6a He onnaxe nssp~ueeepeure6a. IIOYKA 0 IIPABHOM JIEKY: IIpome osor pemena jxo3~ohena je x m 6 a Manac~apc~syxynType y poxy on 15 naHa on nma nocrasmana peuretba. Xan6a ce nonHocn npeKo noHocnoua oaor peuretba, a Ha o c ~ o s yrnaHa 16. 3a~onao KynTypHuM no6pa~a,ocno6oF~eaaje nnahatsapeny6nrtr~ewMnHucTpaTwaHeTaKce. ' !'?:. I --1 : - - 41-obi . . I,,'. MBICBT V On0 pemeffiesamn ronn~ynaea on naHa u s r a a a ~ a - ... Peny6n&w' jai;idni3a 3 a u m ~ yc n o ~ e ~~ynrypen3 georpa~a,Ha ocHouy n ~ a VI X m 6 a He onname n3apmeae osor pemesa. : WI.99. CTXB 2. TaYKa 1, 100. CTaB 1, 103, 109. Zi 110. ~ Z ~ K O0HKynTypHnMno6puua ~ -. 1 ((tCnyiK6e~~rnacwHK PC)),6poj 71/94) u qnawa 131. 3axo~ao onmTeM ynpamow . nocrynxy (ctCnyx6e~nnncT CPJ*, 6p. 33/97 w 3 1/01), a Ha saxres Cao6pahaj~or .. HHCTUTyTa ClP Ei3 Keorpaila, YnUUa Hebianfiaa 6, nOHOCH OBOM% B O ~ ce o6pa~noCa06pahaj~nUHCTUTYT CIP u3 Leorpana, ynnua Y ' , HeMasu~a6, 3 a x ~ e e o3a~ns;raaa&e ycnosa 3a uspay kinej~ornpojema ayTonyTa F-75, Feorpm-Hnm-rpa~nua6JP Maxeno~njn,neoHurra r o p a e no&e - I J a p n ~ u ~ a nOnHH? on hi 873+711.86 20 km 886+050.91. P ToKy 2002. ronaHe o6asme~a cy cwc-rev.d;rcItia16aI v I t ~ ~ u n a p cxynType y p o ~ yon 15 naHa on aaHa nocTae&afi.a pcueba. ~ ~ y npenejane, noKuuTm Csapo rpo6se I-. X(n16ace nonnocn npeKo noHocwoua osor peureraa, a Ha o c a o ~ yWaHa 16. 3 a x o ~ oa npeneja~e,noKanr1reT Cennm~e K Y ~ N P H M Mn06pn~a,ocno6ofierra jc nnahatba p e n y 6 n a ~ ~ c WVAHnCTpaTHBNe Taxce. I npenejaae, noKarruTer r p a ~ a u CymeBJbe, JIOKaJMTeT~ ~ T H H C KIJpKBHIlITe [ 1- O - fIa K Y ~ T ~ P H U M&06pn~a~ o j acy Haseneaa ae hioxe ce BPUHTH pacxonasase, pymeae. npenpaa.aarae nnu 6nxo KaKun panosu ~ o j ~ o r y n na Hapyme c~ojcmaKynrypwor no6pa 6c3 npeTxonno y~~p!jeenx 1: noce6nm ycnosa sa npenysuuatbe Mepa TexHnrKe ~ L I T M T ~ n [ CarJlaCHOCTn Ha TeXHHYKy~ U K ~ M ~ H T ~ U N ~ ~ . ,- 1 - ~ O A H O C W B ~ U . 3aXTeBa,OnHOCHO HHBeCTBTOPje DylKaH na: - o6e36enn cpencTsa 3a ncvaxusane, apxeonouIKn H W ~ O P , ~ ~ U I T H T Y , T e a s e , ny6nn~osarsen u3narase no6apa ~ o j eymn~ajynpeTxonHy ~BIIITKT~ cnpajy BpmeMa leMaaHUx, r p a F j e ~ n ~ c ~ nOcTmnx papoBa y A s Ha nospmnHaMa me ce Hanzie apxeonomKa HanmuruTa n KynTypHa no6pa non npe?xonHoM nammToM. - 06aaec~uPeny6nwrtiu aason 3a saur~nrycno4teHma Kynrype - Eeorpaa u onrosopHor c-rpymaKa cnyx6e iaurTuTe na ceaKy zo~asnjy n o j e n u ~ a r ~~oo j aje-npema Mnej~ornpojena a o6e36emr saurTr?ma apseononma ncKonaeama u cTanHn apxeonoluKn ~ a n - ~ o p . I1 lIon~ocnnausasTesa nyxaw je na 113panunpoje~ary cseMy y crtna'ly ca nnna~nhfycnosnMa n3 Taxiwe1. o ~ opeluena. r 111 n o brspann n p o j e ~ ~yacKnairy ca onuM ycnoanMa, nonriocnnau 3axresa je nyxaw na rxa ncTn npu6a~ucarnacH0c-i Peny6nn~xorsmoan 3a ~ J U I T I ~ TC ~ O ~ I ~ H W K ~ Y KYJWPe. IV 080 peuretbe He ocno6ar)a nonHocuoua sas~enao6aserte npn6as,zaffia H npyrux ycnonn, no3aona u carnacwocru npenen~e;rusnponirc~r~a z: i np,lnwxo~~ s p w C ~ p a ~ e lnpoueHe yreuaja Ha e u ~ e ~ H B O T H ~ CP~XNHY,HeonxonHo je WMaTH yB U YHaeeneHe qtlraettmle. I C notuTosafiebr, P e n y 6 h n v ~lano,+3a JamTHTy c n o M e ~ ~ KKyiType - Beorpa* ~ a -1 lnsrilurc for the Protection of Cultural hlonumentr of Serb~a- Belgrade Puoc,xasa rpyjztha 11 Radorkva GmjiCa 11 L1. 11118Eieorp;la llll8Belgmde Cp6trja Serbi L-m Ten. (011) 24 51786 Phone +381 I1 24 54 786 -, Qlanc (011) 34 41 430 Far t381 1134 41 430 AOCT~B~ITH: I e-mail: officeQyuheritage.com - nacnoey Cg7 - apxnBa , Q ~ T I~Date: M 4 . v 3 MHCTMTYT 3A IIYTEBE a.n. L IIpenwer: M n m e ~ e I- Besa: Barn Aonnc 6poj 20-66 on 19.02.2008. ronnHe r- I MHCTHT~Isa nyreee je ynyrno Peny6flW'l~o~saeony 3a 3amwry cnoMeHwKa KynTDe - Eeorpw, iaxTes sa ninaearae MwrnBeea n ycnoea sa ~3pa,uyC~ynwjeo npoueHH yrnuaja Ha BOTH^ cpennay sa kinej~tin p o j e ~ ayronyraE - 75 Eeorpw - Hwlu - rpanuua EIPM, a ~ neoHnqa rpa60~Hw~arpnennqa 04 krn 865 + 845.65 no km 873 +714,86. - TWMno no no^, CXOAHO B D ~ K ~ ~ M nponncnwa y noMeHy s a u ~ w xneoTHe CpennHe ~ e (3a~ono n p a ~ e u ~npoueHn yrnqaja Ha XHBOTHY cpennsy, ,,Cn)m6e~nrnacnm PC", 6p. o j 135104). Peny6nwr~wsmon sa s m ~ u r CnoMeHnKaKynType - Eeorpan aaje cnenehe ycnose: y - Ha o3nare~ojneoHwqn esnAeHrnpana cy, TOKOM cnCieMaTcKnx apxeonoluKnx peKornoctcspana o6asme~wx2003. ronnne, nea apxeonoruwa nanamrnra: .I 1. Mana Konalu~wua- anrnrKo naceme w HeKponona 2 rpnennua, noKannTer Cennure -swluecnoj~oHacehe - Ha noKannTery Mana Konau~wnua 06a~lbeHa cy cownmea apxeonoruKa ncTpamMsalaa 2004. ronwlte, 360r, on panwje nosnaror, waraja Hananlura; - Ha noKannreTyCennme y rpnemqn HeonxonHo je o6aenrn coHnamHa apxeonoruKa ucK0naeae.a; - IIpe sanornibana 6nno KaKsex seMhannx panoea Ha noaleHyrmi noraut~jabra neonxonwo je Gnarospe~e~oo6aeecrn~nPcny6nnr~w3aeon 3a saurTwTy cnoMeHwKa KyIITfie - Eeorpm, KaKo 6w ce nperxontio o6asnna apxeonoruKancrpaxneaiba; - YKOJIHKO ce 6n TOKOM pwoea Haurnno Ha apxeonowa HanmwluTa nnw apxeonoluKe npenMere, nssot)ar pmosa je n p a na onMax, 6e3 onnarana npeKrlHe panoee ~ H 06aeemn HannexHn 3aeon 3a sarnTnry cnoMeHwKa Kymype n na npenpble Mepe na ce ~arra3He ~HWIIITHw He O U I T ~ HN na ce cayyea Ha wecry w nonoxajy y Kojehr je OTKpUBeH. I - - ;$3 .: 2 '- 8 ,: 0 0 C CD 2 9 : E z r . ; J 2 : a : o o o C W X p , " $ b . o.-2 6 m .?:! 4 '- 0 :& J :;.9 v, ,u 0 "'G.2, & x z z > Zb .- >m 2 W52,WD 2 3 : 253E l % (024 0 c 0 z .2, 20 4 " - W g w Y W o up, > A 0 w &: o r m.- 6P, u a0 o . N . z Q ' Z $ a % 2.2 0 a .- : " . X W , ,Fjz a ? 0.5 00 0 d % 2 :6.2 ,? 2'; 7 m a ,,-" O o m ' - ' ;w8 .-~ M.- 2 Xu0 .E .$ g 2 m Z Z m ;.E.5 .G2w 2 h 2 e . , - i 2 ; q m a E m E o E OI N ri 0 m N w g " & : % o Q g , ~ 5 u'2 4 )U ,R g 6 7 2 ; $ g.50- o w U. O - T ~ ~ m_ " '2 @ &- 9 m .'U ... < I I-, 3.-Q + L. 3.-2 i."-;cS G ,,,a8 t r , O m E tb -m .- b os.j 23: m7 0 g 2 a 5 > ; s 2$.z E :I m g ' 2 c ; w , ,C E.S-.Up, t;; 5 2 c- w w m m m ~ n d " N e : C O 'LC Selo Krl~nte(c.p;!ina VladiEin Han) Selo Tegovijte (opStina VladiEin Han) LOKALITET 68. SeliSte (Vlasolince 1-3) Naseoe OPIS LOKALITETA \ Pot-s ;:tb:;ata hlagu uvalu na Sirokoj padini, severozapadno od lokaliteta Staro Potes zahvata Siroki pojas vede padine amfiteatralnog izgleda koja se blago spuSta grobIje. (:co pr:rcs je pod paSnjakom i poljoprivrednim kulturama. prem? dolini JuZne Morave. SrediSnji ugnuti deo padine je podvodan, zbog podzernne vode (izvori) koji se tuda slivaju. Ceo potes koji zahvata 5-6 ha je pod paSnjacirna i poljoprivrednim kulturama. Po kazivanju Radoslava DokiCa, meStanina ovog sela KULTU ;r\:A 'LIPADNOST prilikcnl oranja na ovom potesu se izoravaju teramide i opeke. Neniogbc~:od:r.t! li Vuida slarosrpska DAZ'OVAP.IJE RimsLc-~~rv!~i~r'i,iska, ra~iovizanrijska. Nernoguce ocrcJ~t~,po svcn~usudeti kasn~srednji vek DATOVANJE IV-XI vckt?) PREDLOG Z.:~?TITE 1' 'dn. I -c aa 35C n1 udal;cnost~ od stale trase autoputa. S obzirom na poloiaj PREDLOG ZASTITE J ~ k a ! ~ tI ~JLt iI I I ~ , \ Un dwas11 autoputa ne predlaiu se posebne mere zaltite. Potes jz udaijen od stare trase autoputa oko 500 m u vazduSnoj liniji, kod starog drunix, koji sc proteie dut leve obale Jufne Morave oko 300 rn. S obzirorn na polotaj lokaiileta u odnosu na pomenute putevc nisu potrebne posebne mere zaStite. Datu?~chilasic;, 29. 06. 2002. Film 1, - !Z64/34-35; S-4/27,29 P e n y 6 n s ~ a C p 6 ~ j a MHHIICXAPCTBO nOJbOlIPIIBPE.U,E lTasnooa~r~apeKa W M A P r n A B BOROIIPMBPEQE IIaenosa~~ranOTOK - C e ~ ~sonoripnspene - o p ~ a ~ e ~ o opeKa b ~ a a ~ Epoj: 325-05-759/00-07 Kapan~nrxapeKa 15.09.2000. rognHe ~ O T O K Bpeno E e o r p a n Ee3nueun noTorc MA E o r ~ a ~ o s apeKaa n ~ Typcm Aon . Eyja~osac~~apeKa Mu~nCTapCrBo nofionpnapene, lrryMapcrsa w Bononpnspeue, C e ~ ~ o p E e s u ~ e ~nmoK l r ~ononpnapene,peurasajykn no 3ax~esyCao6pahaj~ornHcmwa Ukln 6p. 4-167/00 Eesnue~nIIOTOK on 1.09.2000 tOAltHe, a no omaurhex.y HHBecTwTOpa PEITYGnkl'lKE ,QI?PEICIJHJE 3A rrYTEBE 6p. 953-00-3919on 13.09.2000ronsse, Ha ornosy qnaHa 14. n 15. CraB 6. K a p a ~ ~ e p n m n ~npo~nqajn eensKnx Bona peKe r ~ n J W H ~ M o p a ~ cY I.Taws 9. 3 a ~ o n ao BOAaMa ( " C J I ~ X ~rnacnnK PC", 6poj 46/91) n na ocnoay ~ H I ~ npo+uny XsApOnowKe craHnqePacrosaq nsnoce: qnana 192 3 a ~ o n ao onruTcM YnpaBHoM nocrynKy ("CTlyxbenn nnm CPJ", 6poj Q,,,=1108 br'/c Q,,=713 M'/C Q,,=603 M'/C QT0,=369 M'/c; 55/96)~ O H O C H 7. noTpe6Ho je Ha OCHORY yc~oje~nxafepofiasnnx npo~nqajaCnpoBemn 1 llm 'Y xnnpaynurKe npopagne 3a ~ r r ~ e ~ s n o ~ u craeroa~ee ~ p nKopnTa; j e PEUIEfbE 8. Ha MecrnMa ynnsa npltToKa y peKy J.Mopasy npenenneTn onrosapajyhe I rim 0W3,llABAlb'Y BOnOllPHBPE.JJJ3kIXYUIOBA I perynaqHoHe rpabesune Kao n nospe6ne pcrynaqnje on ylllha osnx peKa y J.Mopaay 80 craqeoeaxe ~ o j e~ c m p y j piqaj osnx peKa ma e nnH ur~rpy30Hy ~YTHOI; nojaca n oKonnor s e ~ m u u ~ a ; Y nomynKy npwnpcMe n n~pageTeXHHrKe ~oicy~e~~a.q"perynaMe u j e BoAeHnx ToKosa nyx ayTonyra E-75 (Hum-C~onme)sa neonuqy R0tf.u Hepa~osaq- 9. 3a eaa~yaqnjyyHyrpamtmx Boua n3 6paraenor nogpyrja, npOBepUTl1 JIesocoje on KM 939+858 RO KM 955+703 y uumy 06es6ebe-a ayronyra", @yH~qno~anHocrnocrojehnx n npeRBnAesnHose nponyme; NNBeCrHTOpY Anpewijn 3a nyTeee n3 Eeorpa~ace nsnajy cnenehu soRonpaspeRnH ycnosn: 10.3a cse 06jeKTe K O ~ Hce eeen-ryamo y~pmrajyca npenMeTHHM BOAOTOK0.M (LIOCTOBWn UI.)RaTU onrosapajyhs mnpaynwKn npoparyH KaKo 6n ce ne+nswcana 1. Aa ce npe nspane TexHsrKe no~yuen~ar~wj~3a H ~ ~ J I ~ A LnpeQreTnm Y nponyura ~ o ukm x 3a ycsojc~uMeponmHti nporuqaj. Ha Mecrnhta yKpmraha 06jeKa~a npuKyne cae no~pe6ae yp6a~nmnq~o-nnanc~e.XUApOIIOUKe, o 6 j e ~ ao6e36e~n~n ~ a KUTY AHK-a (nona nsuqa KOHCTPYK~~H~CO C TTaKo na 3a3op M ~ ) ohtoryhn HecMeTaHonpoTnqabe be3ycnopa; 11.Y ~ o n r ~ oHacnn nMa nse Q?y~wltjex n ~ p o ~ e x n nw ~cao6pahajsy. UaTU ~ y raKsa TexHn'rKa peurena Hacrlna Koju be 3anosomnTn cse saxeke naHnapne 3a ', npoje~~oaabe rnrpafitby xnnpoTexHn~IK1ixHacnna, ys ycnos Aa ce 3anpxn H nocTnrHyr menen salurw~eon sennKHx BoRa Ha cyce3wnr.i neownqaMa pene. Aarlc onrosapajyhe npopavyse cra6~n~ocrn~ o ~ c r p y ~ qcauoreHacwna Kao 11 o 6 j e ~ a ~ a ~ r j 3. Ra csn o 6 j e ~ ~ayTonyTa 6yny a Y C K ~ ~ ~ca H H ~ reHepanewM peruetf.eM ~ o j ra npaTe; n ypebena a n s a J.Mopaee na OBOM noreny; I 12. Y cnyuajy &a ce jasma fiy6unc~a1%6011~aeposnja y 30Hl1 hlocToBcKn: crydoaa nnlr ocnonaqa, npeAenneTn pewelse ~ o j b i ~hea ce ocnrypa-rlr ocnoHsu 11 c~y60snH cra611nn~o~a~1{pew0 RHO; 5. K ~ ~ ~ K T ~ P U C Tnpo~nqaje BeAUKHK BOAa BOnOTOKa H V H I I K O ~ Hnpeceqajy spacy ayronyra A3HOCe: il B0,QOTOK IlPOTkiLIAJkl (M%) '. I:: 14. Babene necKa lumyHKa ce hropa npulrrrlr no 11 ~ O C ~ ~ H O M npoje~sysa ~ o j n ~ p e 6 anpn6aellr~BononpnRpenHe ycnose n nononprtupewiy carnacHocT y cKnany ca *rn. 15. crae 1.Taws 11rr cran 4. II 5 . 3 a ~ o ~oaeonahfa: Cao6pahaj~uHHCTHTYT IJMn 543Eeorpana nonseo je OBOM MHHHCT~P~BY 3ax~es3a n3nasarae BOAOnpHBpeAHnx ycnosa 3a n3pa~y r n a s ~ o rnpojema "~erynaqejeBOneHUX TOKOBa A Y aYTOnYTa E-75 (Hnur-CKonme) 3a neosuuy ROBH Hepa~o~aq-neBocoje KM 939+858A 0 KM 955+703yqemy 06e36ebeba ayronyra". OA Y3 3 a x ~je~nomera cnenehano~yue~~aqeja: e -0snawhehe nHsecreTepa PElIYEJIM4KE AMPEKUMJE 3A rIYTEBE H3 korpana, 6p. 953-00-3919On 13.09.2000 roneae. -Mawmehe BII4"Mopaeans3Hswa 6p.123611on 12.04.2000.ro~~e -Mnwmehe PXM3 us Eeorpana, 6p.92-1-1-64199-22on 18.08.1999.ro~me. Ha ocnoey npernena nocraemene no~yuemaqnjecrppsa cnyx6a Q K T O ~ ~ ~ o ~ o n p a s ~jee nKoHcraToeana urenehe: e -na je npenueT npojer~oeaha"perynaqnja eoneHHx ToKosa AYX a)rI.onymE- 75 (HHU-C~onhe)3a AeoHIiuy AOISUHepanosaq-JIeeocoje on x& 939+858no KM 955+703y qnmy 06e36ebeha ayrony~a". Ha OCHOBy YBlfAay ROCTaBJbeHy A O K ~ M ~ H ~T a~ ~~ 0~IlpeAMeTHO pemerae. j~ e~ Y Pemeraeje 3aBe~eHOy BORHy KbHry 38Bonn0 IIonpy~je'Mopaaa" non 6poje~ 1167. OBOpeureffie je KOHB'IHO H npOTHB bera ce He uoxe H ~ ~ ~ B I Ixan6a, seh ce T H uoxe IIOKpeHyTU ynpasHa cnop ~ y x 6 KOA BPXOBHO~cyna Cp6eje y p o ~ yon 30 0 ~ ~ a on~~ aanomasmaha sicror. ~ a I ROCTABMTM: -AMP.38 nyTese, Eeorpan -Bn4"MopaeaM,Hnw -C.O.Bpahe -BOAHO~K h H 3 N -apxnen np~nor d- -700 m3/s,Q2s-521 m'ls, Q5~=515m3/sQlw.=432 rn3/s; n a H Y BODY onpernu onrmanun npormaj~uomop CWIW ca Y~SP))~HOM~meropnjon3a~mme06jeua~a, eponasee BentrKe Bone 6e3ulrrrHor nejcma wa o~ormu na y HCTO w x e 6yne nosoib~oc~irvolur3a cahav .. W O H C T ~ ~ K U H ~ ~ hlocra npw nporwuaray eenamr aona, amoca K nena; - 10, ~ P ~ D WMepM-Txcpo3uoRe 3amm~eHa CBHM 6 y j n m npmolcabla ~ ~ J m ~Mopaae Ha npemrrnohc e I I O T ~ ~ ~ 11. Aa ce Ha ReoHsuaMa me ce vaca s o m napmemo ca p e ~ =m~ ce o mwTa Mn~~CTapCraono.wnpxBpene n so~ionp~~pene,Peny6;iwwa mipelurnja sa ca 06e36ewni nOBOJbq' YAUhetrOCT On KOpnTa n BonOnpHBpefiHm Bone, pemasaj-yb no aax-reey Peny6rrxrrce n~perawje3a rryrese 83 Eeorpma 6p. o6jexa~a,y cr;nai~Yca o n p e n h a m.30.36 s 69 3axo~ao eonma; 953-00-1408 on 9.04.2003 romse, y nocymcy u3naaaita a05OflpMBpenHX~moea, 12. Y~OJIHKOHacHn una m e 4ywmje mporexwHuKy H cao6paRajuy, zarw Ha O C ~ O B Yqnma 14. H 15.3a~oxa sonahla ( " ~ ~ c H rnacHm o Taya temwsxa peineraa I-lacunarojn he ?+nommarH cse saxehe c-ramapne 3a H PCn,6p. 46191) u Ha oc~oeyxnaua 192. 3a~onao o m w ~ ~ ~ B HnocTynKy ( " C ~ ~ X ~ EmrcT O M H H nPoJemosaM H H3TPamhY WnpoTemRSKHx nacma, ~3 ycnoB na ce sarrpxu CPJ", 6p. 33/97) notioce nOCZNrHp CTeneH 3 a m e on B e m m B O Ha~ cycemnM neOHnuma pem. Aam omoaapa.iyAe npopa.rytre c~a6~nnocrn~0HclpyXItHjecmor Hacuna xao B o 6 j e ~ a ~ a K O ~ Hra npaTe; 13. Aa ce Bononpwepeme npo6nebfe roje ~acrajyscao nocnemua ~3rpambe nyra y BOAHOST 3en.?rsim~yu ~0pm-ypere, mo R eeeHTyanwo mMcmrarae Mettor O M3aajy ce memiropy Peny6nmoj zmpewmjn 3a rryreee 113 Beorpma y Kopma peme sa pauuolraTaa fi evoeobtHsatl HawH o Tpouny HxsecmTopa Iryra. n o w h y IipenpeMe XXHH%~ n o q % ( c ~ r a ~3aj enrtpwmy ayronyra E-75,neonma OBOce omoca H Ha cse UITme ~ o j6~eseHryanno HacTanes6or H~M~TL~HXycnoBa e K h p n e nome -4 a p a w ~AomHa, cneneh sononpmpem ycnoex: a oaeoijeba yrryrpaubaxBona; 1. i-naa~a npojesar rrpemmor o6jema wja ce w3rpapna n p e a e a y 14, llpojeh~ohlnpemwali necMman npnna3 u3rp@ewn~sononpwapemuu BCJJ30X 3ebJnWy MOpa 6uta )'p@eH y CKnailYCa ~3~ehlfhi3aKOHCKHYllnpOnHCICXHHMJBn"Cp6nja~o)xe"; 16. n a ce 3a iemnwy .zoqweii~au~jy83apmn c-rpywia n Temmnica 3. Aa ce npe n3pwe npojena ripnh-yne cse noq~e6neyp6awwcrrruco - KotiTpona y CKJIW ca orrpen6wa w. 16 3a~onao eonahta, H TO ~e c w o ca n :ii:cxe. m~qm7oruh.e, wnpaymrmte, reonomre, u w j r e noanore u nmpwe rnewllrra rpaljeesjacxe cpy~~uyje,Hero B sarrosomem aononpH~peme r!-.rpebna rlcipmsasa n o~osapajyfieaxadme~3 WI.56 cr.6 3axo~ao Bonaxa; npobehfamre nasenzite eozonpfispemnsc ycnoBma n3 mcnosmea paor perrreraa; 4. Horr;onpsi~penno~ OCHOBOM Per1~6nl~e.Cpbnje npemn3e~aje ~or)-ha 17. Da ce no Paspruerq n3pae lemwwe noKyMemmje, n3spluene ~ 3 r p a . wrin0BS.T -cTa &%as-BapuapErejc~oMope, na rpxy ayrorryra .rpeh ~ - T e m w c KoHrpo,qe H Ltcnyt6esy ycnosa ~3 W.1 H 2 npaenrnrs~ao C~~(PSIMRN ycarnacaru ca r;pr;:.,;!)e~ohrrpacoM nnoBHor rryra; TexsixnlienoKyMenTam?)e ~ o j nce nowocn y nomymy 3a no651jme sononpuspenwe carnacHocTn n sononpHBpe;ple A03BOnC ( " C ~ ) ? K ~ ~TJaCHRX CPC" 6 ~ 3/7g)7 H H . 5. Aa ce ;aspme xnZpaynHyI\7( npopavu OMuana BOna H n p ~ p a w u &' noaece Mwxncyap;my ~ a n o mnaB2X.e BononpnBpeIWe CarnJcHoc~~~ 3a Y cra6arr~ocrno6jexara perynwuje, ocnonaua MocTosa, rrporryc= w n p m x nyrsrcx oSje~a~aHa h!ecTy jxpmraxa ca Boaorounxa. Azm rpa+awc npwnorey nommoM clcnairy ca wi. 16n 17 3mona o Boxma. H T I O ~ ~ C ' I H O NC M W C . ir? -.>:AX ~ ce sroxe carnenaTny~muajpexnMa Bona Ha o6jetne H 06je~a~aHa peam a02: 6.5' npojex-rynpiiwmam KoMnnemo remnwo pernebc ca CBHM 06jeh-rw~a H paoema KO~Hce npepubajy, ~ z no I C H H ~ ~ I HrrK ~~exaonorwjym 3 ~ o Q epaosa, ~ Peny6xnwa wpe~unja 3a nyrese a3 Feorpaa ni .:a je OVOM axzjyh y ~ u x yXOP@~~OUIKHE X I ~ ~ , P O ~xaparepwc.rlixe snnoiora H norpe6y . O U I K ~ h ~ ~ c r a p m 3s m e s 3a u3nmarae aoaorrpaspemnrx ycnosa 3a xlpany T e a e w e y Hecwezanor nponoca Bone $1 vaHoca y T O K ~ rpaTjem. YKOIIHKOce npemuba . a o h y ~ e ~ ~ a u3aj e~3rpaimyayron)Ta E-75,neonuua rop%c IIofie n -U a p w ~ a rp+ei+e, +cue usa6parr1raico na ~c noBoae no noropiuatba Bornor pexmua; Bonsna, 7. Lla ce Davyicw w r p a @ ~ ' ~ w npHKBiKe noc~njehpewtwM aoaa peKe J ~ H C Y3 3axiesje npmoxeaa ~neneRano~y~ewrauujs: -MHmea,e J B T P ' C ~ ~ H ~ ~Bm'Mopasa" :3 Huroa, 6p. 2867 OX B ~ ~ F " , Cn. 6 n p e ~ e oyOHM neme B J I ~ A EX~ ~~HH Cn. 7 8 npe~rpaljeB n m a m ~ oX ~i r a ~ a Cn. 9 3 o ~neme B n a g m X ~ H a ~ CJI. 15 ~OKZUIHH nj'r Ka KaMeHOnOMy MOMHHK ~ M ~ H Cn. 16 Mo~enUen Cn.21.22 Kyhe y HaceJby JJen Cn. 23 Mar~c-rpaJI~anyT M- 1Ham -CKolTJbe HenOCpeAHO l7peH KaMeHOnOMOM Cn. 24,25 a 26 Hace~beJJen Cn. 27,28 Bere~asajay OHM J y x ~Mopase e Cn. 29 peKa J y x ~Mopasa. a Cn.35 rpyna ~ y h ya Hacefiy Uen H ~ H WM-1 Cn. 41 X e n e s ~ a s npyra Ern - C~onsae ~ a Cn. 42 nesa, nonaacKa c-rpma Jym~eMopase Cn. 44 Hornen .caM-1, rpyna ~ y h ya Hacesby 4en Cn. 49 n o ~ a n nyT K aHacefiy 4en ~ a Cn. 20 Mo~enuen Cn.58 Ta6na 06aseru~efba3a M ~ H ~ CCB.H r~o p o ~ n u MarkiCTpZlJIHOM nyTy T h M- 1 Fig 6 Landscape near junction to Vladicin Han Fig 7 ki 8 Vladicin Han suburban - Fig 9 Junction to Vladicin Han Fig 15 Local road to quarry Momin kamen Fig 16 Motel Dzep Fig 21.22 Village Dzep Fig 23 Main road M-1 Nis - Skopje nearby quarry Momin kamen Fig 24,25 a 26 Village Dzep Fig 27,28 Vegetation in the valley of Juzna Morava Fig 29 Juzna Morava Fig 35 Village Dzep over the road M-1 Fig 41 Railway Beograd - Skopje Fig 42 Valley of Juzna Morava, left side Fig 44 View to M-1, village of Dzep Fig 49 Local road to Dzep Fig 20 Motel Dzep Fig 58 Main road M-1 Information table for monastery Sveta ~ o ~ o r o d i c a