E2583 V2 August 2010 Report on "Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" Prepared for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project (DPIP·II) Rural Development and Panchayati Raj Department Government of Rajasthan Project Report No. 2009WM17 www.teriin.org The Energy and Resources Institute TERI. 2010 Report on 'Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural livelihood Project' Bangalore: The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) 233pages [Project Report No. 2009WM17] For more information Water Resources and Policy Telephone :2535 6S 90 (slines) Management E-mail terisrc@terLres.in TERI Fax: 253S 6S 89 Southern Regional Centre Web www.teriin.org Post Box No. 7117 India +91 · Bangalore (0) 80 4 th Main, lInd Cross, Domlur lInd Stage · Bangalore - 560 071 ! India Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project Telephone 2224754, 2220672 (DPIPII) Email dpip@rediffmail.com 3rd Floor, B block Fax 2229894 Yojana Bhavan India +91 · Jaipur (0) 141 C Scheme, Tilak Marg Jaipur I Raiasth;\n India II PROJECT TEAM Principal Investigator Dr Sumit Kumar Gautam Team Members Ms Avanti Roy Basu Mr Avneesh Nayal Dr K Sreelakshmi Ms Mary Abraham Mr Shailendra Kumar Tripati Ms Swati Dabral Advisors Mr AshokJaitly, lAS (Retd), Director - WRPM, TERI Mr P R Dasgupta, lAS (Retd), Senior Advisor and Director, TERI-SRC Secretarial Assistance MsM PShobha ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS BMC: Bulk Milk Cooler CBO: Community-Based Organization CDO: Cluster Development Organization CIG: Common Interest Group CRP: Community Resource Person DPIP: District Poverty Initiative Project DPMU: District Project Management Unit EASS: Environmental Appraisal Summary Sheet EG: Environmental Guideline EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment EMF: Environmental Management Framework GEG: General Environmental Guideline Gol: Government ofIndia GoR: Government of Rajasthan ICDS: Integrated Child Development Society IEC: Information Education and Communication M&E: Monitoring and Evaluation MoU: Memorandum of Understanding NABARD: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development NGO: Non-governmental Organization NRA: Natural Resource Assessment NREGS: National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme NRM: Natural Resource Management PFf: Project Facilitation Team PIP: Project Implementation Plan PMGSY: Pradhan Mantri Gramin Sadak Yojana PO: Producer Organization RRLP: Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project SGSY: Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana SHG: Self-help Group SPMU: State Project Management Unit SRIJAN: Self-reliant Initiatives through Joint Action SSO: Sector-specific Organization TERI: The Energy and Resources Institute ToR: Term of References WB: World Bank WLS: Wild Life Sanctuary I TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMAR Y .............................................................................................................. i CHAPTER 1 Origin of the study.............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Scope and objective of the study ............................................................................. 2 1.3 Methodology ............................................................................................................ 2 1.3.1 Data collection and analysis .......................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 Selection of sample districts .......................................................................................... 5 1.4 Development of the EMF ........................................................................................ 6 1.5 Consultation and disclosure process ...................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 2 Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project (RRLP) ................................................... 9 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 9 2.1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Goal and objectives ................................................................................................ 10 2.3 Key features ofRRLP .............................................................................................. 11 CHAPTER :3 Re"view of environmental status of the project area ...................................... 13 3.1 Rajasthan: an overview ......................................................................................... 13 3.2 Project districts ...................................................................................................... 13 3.3 Climatic scenario of the project districts ............................................................... 17 3-4 Water resources in the project districts ............................................................... 19 3.6 Forest cover ............................................................................................................ 25 3.7 Agriculture ............................................................................................................. 28 3.7.1 Soil fertility and fertilizer consumption ...................................................................... 29 3.8 Pasture lands and fodder for livestock ................................................................. 39 3.9 Industrial scenario in the project districts ........................................................... 42 3.10 Natural Calamities ................................................................................................. 46 3.11 Environmental issues in the project districts ...................................................... 48 3.12 Environmental trends in the project districts ...................................................... 55 CHAPTER 4 Environmental regulations and legal framework .......................................... 58 CHAPTER 5 Livelihood activities under RRLP and their screening ................................. 77 5.1 Activities/subprojects under RRLP ...................................................................... 77 5.1.1 Livestock rearing .......................................................................................................... 78 5.1.2 Agriculture .................................................................................................................... 84 5.1.3 Forest products ............................................................................................................. 86 5.1.4 Handicrafts ................................................................................................................... 89 5.1.5 Construction-based activities ...................................................................................... 90 5.1.6 Service-based activities ................................................................................................ 91 5.2 Impact assessment and screening of the livelihood activities ............................ 92 CHAPTER 6 Proactive environmental subprojects ............................................................ 94 6.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 94 6.2 Rainwater harvesting ............................................................................................ 94 6.2.1 Rooftop rainwater harvesting ...................................................................................... 95 6.2.2 Kund bagwani .............................................................................................................. 98 6.2·3 Farm ponds ................................................................................................................... 99 6.3 Fodder development ........................................................................................... 103 6.3·1 Fodder cultivation ...................................................................................................... 103 6.3·2 Fodder enrichment ..................................................................................................... 104 6.3.3 Use of chaff-cutter ...................................................................................................... 106 6.3.4 Community Pasteur Land Development.. ......................................................... l 07 6·4 Efficient Irrigation .............................................................................................. 109 6-4.1 Drip irrigation ............................................................................................................. 109 6.4. 2 Sprinkler irrigation ..................................................................................................... 110 6·5 Organic farming ................................................................................................... 111 6.5.1 Classical composting ................................................................................................... 111 6.5. 2 Vermi-composting ....................................................................................................... 112 6.6 Renewable energy ................................................................................................ 114 6.6.1 Biogas plant ................................................................................................................. 114 6.6.2 Advantages of practice ................................................................................................ 115 6.6.3 Investment required .................................................................................................... 115 6.6.4 Case example ............................................................................................................... 115 6.7 Expertise ................................................................................................................ 116 CHAPTER 7 Environmental Management Framework (EMF) ........................................... 120 7.1 Need and objectives of the EMF ......................................................................... 120 7. 2 Scope of the EMF .................................................................................................. 121 7·3 Approach towards the EMF development ........................................................... 121 7·3·1 Review of EMF of DPIP-I: ......................................................................................... 121 7·3·2 Learning from EMF of DPIP-I: ................................................................................ 122 7·3·3 Strengthening of EMF of RRLP-II ........................................................................... 123 7·3·4 Stakeholder consultation ........................................................................................... 124 7-4 Components of the EMF ..................................................................................... 124 7·4·1 Environmental management toolkit ......................................................................... 125 7.4. 2 Promotion of Pilot Proactive Environment subprojects ......................................... 132 7-4·3 Institutional arrangement ......................................................................................... 134 7-4-4 Internal monitoring and evaluation .......................................................................... 136 7-4·5 External environmental audit ................................................................................... 139 7-4.8 Budget for the EMF implementation ......................................................................... 147 7-4·9 Timeline for the EMF implementation ..................................................................... 148 References ................................................................................................................... 150 II LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Selected sample districts .......................................................................................... 5 Table 3.1 An overview of Rajasthan ....................................................................................... 13 Table 3.2 Details of the project districts ................................................................................ 14 Table 3.3 Rainfall scenario in the project districts ............................................................... 17 Table 3.4 Annual temperature and humidity in the project districts .................................. 18 Table 3.5 Basinwise distribution of project districts ............................................................ 19 Table 3.6 Basinwise availability of surface water (MCM) ................................................... 20 Table 3.7 Major lakes in the project districts ........................................................................ 21 Table 3.8 Basinwise availability of groundwater ................................................................... 21 Table 3.9 Categorywise groundwater status in the RRLP districts ...................................... 22 Table 3.10 Forest cover in the project districts ....................................................................... 26 Table 3.11 List of national parks and sanctuaries in the project area ................................... 26 Table 3.12 Fertility status and problematic soils in the project districts .............................. 29 Table 3.13 Fertilizer consumption in the project districts .................................................... 30 Table 3.14 Commonly used pesticides and their classification as per WHO ........................ 32 Table 3.15 Source wise irrigated area in the project districts (in hectares) .......................... 33 Table 3.16 Districtwise various irrigation schemes ................................................................ 34 Table 3.17 Districtwise food grain production in the project area ........................................ 37 Table 3.18 District wise pulses/oil seeds production in the project area .............................. 38 Table 3.19 Fodder demand and supply in the state of Rajasthan ......................................... 40 Table 3.20 Districtwise livestock in the project area .............................................................. 41 Table 3.21 Districtwise factories in project area ..................................................................... 42 Table 3.22 Districtwise major minerals production in the project area ................................ 43 Table 3.23 Districtwise minor minerals production in project area ...................................... 44 Table 3.24 Extent of scarcity due to drought in RRL districts (2009) ................................... 47 Table 3.25 Blockwise groundwater status in Rajasthan ......................................................... 55 Table 3.26 Growth in animal population in Rajasthan (in million) ...................................... 56 Table 5.1 Livestock population of Rajasthan (Census 2003) ............................................... 79 Table 6.1 Number of census houses by predominant material of roof in Rajasthan .......... 95 Table 6.2 Estimated cost of rainwater harvesting components ........................................... 97 Table 6.3 List of organizations experts in the implementation of proactive subprojects. 116 Table 7.1 EMF requirements for various funds under the RRLP for community institutions ............................................................................................................ 126 Table 7.2 Potential schemes for onvergence ................................................................ 128 Table 7.3 Process for environmental assessment ............................................................... 132 Table 7-4 Institutional structure to ensure EMF implementation ..................................... 134 Table 7.5 Sample size recommended for internal monitoring ........................................... 138 Table 7.6 Training Schedule of EMF ................................................................................... 144 Table 7.7 Budget for the EMF Implementation .................................................................. 147 II LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Location of RRLP districts and sample districts ................................................. 6 Figure 1.2 Flowchart for process of development of EMF .................................................... 8 Figure 2.1 Location ofRRLP districts .................................................................................. 10 Figure 3.1 Normal and actual rainfall in the project districts for the years 2005-2007 .18 Figure 3.2 Land use pattern in 1956-1957 and 2005-2006 .............................................. 24 Figure 3.3 Map shmving forest cover in Rajasthan ............................................................. 25 Figure 3-4 Districtwise forests cover in the project area ..................................................... 26 Figure 3.5 Map showing locations of national parks and sanctuaries in Rajasthan ......... 28 . Figure 3.6 Districtwise problematic soils in the project area ............................................. 29 Figure 3.7 Total fertilizer consumption in the project districts ......................................... 31 Figure 3.8 Net irrigated vs net sown area in the project districts ...................................... 33 Figure 3.9 Map showing various crops grown in different part of Rajasthan ................... 36 Figure 3.10 Map showing frequency of drought in different districts of Rajasthan ........... 46 Figure 5.1 Livelihood activities supported in DPIP-I ........................................................ 77 Figure 5.2 The purpose ofloan utilization by SHG members (Rajasthan Microfinance Report-2007) ...................................................................................................... 77 Figure 6.1 An example of a farm pond in Rajasthan ......................................................... 101 Figure 6.2 Line diagram showing the design of a dug-out farm pond ............................. 101 Figure 6.3 Image of chaff-cutter Oeft) and the cut fodder product (right) in village Badoli, Dausa, Rajasthan ............................................................................................. 106 Figure 6-4 Two kinds ofvermicompost pits ........................................................................ 113 Figure 6.5 Design of a biogas plant ..................................................................................... 115 Figure 6.6 Biogas installation in village Padli, near Ranthambore (left); and cooking using biogas in village Chauhanas Vas near Ranthambore (right) ................ 116 Figure 7.1 Schematic presentation of environmental assessment process for the SHGs' proposed livelihood activities ............................................................................ 131 Figure 7.2 Schematic presentation of environmental assessment process for the producer organization's business plan ............................................................................. 132 IIUST OF ANNEXURE Annexure 1 Stakeholders' consultation Annexure la Photographs Annexure Ib Agenda of the workshop Annexure lC List of participants who attended the workshop Annexure 2 Assessment criteria for the categorization of subprojects Annexure 3 Activities that should not be promoted under RRLP Annexure 4 Activities likely to be supported under RRLP Annexure 5 Village-level natural resource assessment Annexure 6 Environmental guidelines (EGs) Annexure7a Common guidelines for health and safety Annexure 7b General environmental guideline (GEG) Annexure 8a Environmental appraisal summary sheet- SHGs livelihood plan Annexure 8b Environmental appraisal summary sheet-CDO Annexure 8c Environmental appraisal summary sheet-producer organization Annexure 8d Environmental appraisal summary sheet for high impact activities Annexure 9a Assessment of cumulative impacts-Dairy Annexure 9b Assessment of cumulative impacts-Goat/sheep rearing Annexure 9c Assessment of cumulative impacts-Tubewell Annexure 9d Assessment of cumulative impacts-NTFP Annexure ge Assessment of cumulative impacts-Block level Annexure 9f Assessment of cumulative impacts-District level Annexure 9g Tenns of Reference for Cummulative Impact Assessment for the Livestock Sector Annexure 10 Format for internal monitoring report Annexure 11 Sources of secondary data collected Annexure 12 Review of climate change adaptation initiatives Annexure 13 List of safe pesticides unlikely to present acute hazard in normal use Annexure 14 Terms of Reference (TOR) for appointment of Sector-specific Organizations (SSOs) to provide support to RRLP project on pilot implementation of proactive environmental subprojects II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Energy and Resources Institute ('fERI) gratefully acknowledges the World Bank team (especially Ms Preeti Kumar and Ms Kalyani Kandula) and the Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project (RRLP) team for their continued support towards the study. The team acknowledges with thanks the kind contribution and support received from the State Project Director, RRLP, and Dr Garima Kaushik, Consultant Environment, RRLP. The project team was greatly helped by various organizations that provided relevant data and information crucial for the study. In particular, the support provided by the Department of Agriculture, Water Resource Department, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, and the Forest Department was most usefuL Our sincere thanks to the officials at the Integrated Child Development Service Scheme, Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana, who, too, extended full cooperation and help during the course of the study. The support provided by SRIJAN, PRADAN, Saheli Samiti is also highly appreciated. The project team thanks Dr A B Gupta, Department of Civil Engineering, MNIT, J aipur for providing his valuable suggestions, and Dr Vivek Vijay, lIT Jodhpur for his kind support during the field study. The support provided by TERI colleagues, Ms Grace Louvhem, Dr Anirbran Ganguly and Mr Anshuman was invaluable. In addition, we would like to thank all those associated with the preparation of the report, particularly Ms M P Shobha who provided the secretarial assistance. Last, but not least, the team acknowledges that without the kind support and cooperation rendered by the communities, namely the SHGjCIG representatives, and residents of various study villages, the study would not have been possible. We sincerely thank them alL II EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The government of Rajasthan is preparing the Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project (RRLP) that is proposed to be implemented in 17 districts of Rajasthan with an aim to increase and sustain income of the poor, especially women. This would be achieved through social inclusion and community mobilization; building sustainable member-based organizations ofthe poor; creation of linkages between these organizations, and financial (banks and insurance companies) and other service providers; and adoption of new livelihood strategies for climate change adaptation. The project has the following five components: 1. Institution building and social empowerment 2. Community investment support 3. Skill development and employment promotion 4. Climate change adaptation 5. Project implementation support An environmental assessment study was undertaken by the government of Rajasthan through a consultant for the proposed RRLP project. The study was conducted with the objective of understanding the environmental conditions and the related legal/regulatory framework, and to prepare an Environmental Management Framework (EMF) to minimize any adverse impact on the environment and to promote sustainable livelihoods. The adopted methodology to develop the EMF included: 1. Secondary data collection and review: Both quantitative and qualitative information were collected from government departments, World Bank documents, SHGsjCIGs, producer organizations, and so on. This included lessons learnt from the experience of implementation of DPIP- 1. 2. Review of legal and regulatory systems: A comprehensive assessment of the relevant laws, regulations, and policies of the government of India and government of Rajasthan relevant to the project was carried out. 3. Stakeholder consultations and disclosure: The stakeholder consultations involved focus group discussions (FGDs) with identified stakeholders, mainly the SHGjCIG members, federation, and producer organizations. The FGDs were conducted with a total of 62 SHGjCIGs across 31 villages in seven sample districts (Dausa, Dholpur, Sawai Madhopur, Tonk, Banswara, Churn, and Udaipur). Two multi- stakeholder workshops were conducted at J aipur and Sawai Madhopur where representatives from line departments, research and academic institutes, NGOs, federations, and SHGs were invited to provide their feedback and ii Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' suggestions on the draft EMF. It is also planned to disclose the EMF through the website of the Department of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj, Government of Rajasthan and on the Bank Infoshop. Review of environmental status in the project area The RRLP project will be implemented in 17 select districts of southern and eastern Rajasthan. An overview of the environmental status of the RRLP districts is summarized below. 1. Water resources: Except the flood prone eastern districts (Dholpur, Karauli, and Sawai Madhopur), the other project districts are classified as arid/semi-humid and arid. Of the 15 river basins in the state, the maximum amount of water is available in Chambal basin, which also covers nine project districts. Groundwater status has been categorized as critical or overexploited in 16 RRLP districts. 2. Agriculture: Agricultural activity in the state is primarily rain-fed, and observes two crops in a year viz. rabi (wheat, mustard, and gram) and kharif (bajra, maize and pulses). Soil fertility in the project districts is poor with low levels of nitrogen. The project districts have saline and alkaline soil ranging from 0.02% (Churu) to 12-48% (Dausa) of the total land area. The percentage of net irrigated area to net sown area also varies from 4.6% (Churu) to 85% (Baran). The main source of irrigation is tubewells, due to which a rapid depletion of ground water is observed. 3. Pasture lands and fodder for livestock: Rajasthan has 49 million livestock, which comprises 11% ofthe country's total. All the RRLP districts have livestock density exceeding the recommended carrying capacity ofland available for grazing. The western districts like Churu and Bikaner have high proportion of small ruminants (goat and sheep) as compared to large ruminants (cattle/buffalo). The availability of fodder is a problem, especially in pre- monsoon months (February-June), and dependence on purchased fodder is high during this period. Degraded pasturelands and illegal encroachment of community grazing land aggravate the fodder problems, especially for small ruminants like goat and sheep. 4. Forest cover: The forest cover in the state is low (9.53%, as compared to 20.6% of India's forest cover) and can be characterized mainly as tropical thorn, tropical dry deciduous, and central India subtropical hill. The districts of Baran, KarauIi, Udaipur, Banswara, Bundi, and Chittorgarh have significant forest cover, and support many iii Executive Summary forest-related livelihood activities (mainly non-timber forest produce collection). The RRLP districts house one national park and 19 wildlife sanctuaries. s. Mineral production: Rajasthan is one of the leading mineral producing states in the country. There are nearly 20,000 unorganized small-scale mining units in the state. Nearly 37% of the workers in these units are women. Workers in these units face health/safety issues. The crucial environmental issues pertinent to the project districts have been identified as: a) water scarcity and depletion of groundwater; b) groundwater salinity; c) poor soil fertility; d) poor forest cover; e) inadequate pastures and fodder management; and f) air pollution from mining activity. Regulatory and legal framework All the relevant acts, rules, and regulations of the government of India, the government of Rajasthan and the safeguard policies of World Bank concerning livelihood activities that are likely to be supported under RRLP have been reviewed. The RRLP triggers the following safeguard policies of the World Bank: Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01) Forests (OP 4.36) Natural habitats (OP 4.04) The necessary measures to ensure compliance with these laws, regulations, and policies are included in the environmental guidelines (EGs) developed as part ofthe EMF. Environment Management Framework The Environment Management Framework (EMF) comprises a detailed strategy and procedures for environmental appraisal of activities to be promoted at SHG, CDO or producer organization level, capacity building and monitoring to enable the adoption of mitigation measures, and the promotion of environment- friendly activities as pilot subprojects. The main components of the EMF are: a) Environmental Management toolkit: Integration of environmental issues in the process of development of livelihood plans by SHGs: The procedures for integrating the environmental issues in the overall livelihood plans of SHGs have been detailed out, and a format for the village-level natural resource assessment has been developed for the same purpose. iv Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Environmental screening of activities Preliminary screening of the SHGs' livelihood activities, cluster development plans, and business plans of producer organizations were conducted and all the activities likely to be promoted have been categorized as having negligible Oike sewing, retail sale), low Oike agriculture, horticulture, dairy, NTFP, stone carving), and medium (irrigation well, brick making) and high environmental impacts. Considering the nature and scale of the activities to be supported under the RRLP, the environmental impacts from SHGs' livelihood activities are most likely to be small and localized, and manageable by implementing mitigation measures. Environmental appraisal: The environmental appraisal will help assess the adverse environmental impacts of any proposed livelihood plan. This exercise will be undertaken as part of the livelihood plan/ cluster investment plan/business plan development process by the field-level project facilitation teams (PFTs) with the participation of the SHGs/CDOs/POs. Environmental Guidelines (EGs) have been prepared for the likely livelihood activities stating the potential impact, required mitigation measures, and the possible government schemes for convergence. A format to summarize the findings and mitigation actions identified during environmental appraisal has also been developed to maintain a record of the key observations of each appraisaL b) Promotion ofproactive environmental subprojects: Based on primary studies and stakeholder consultations, the following proactive subprojects have been identified: i) Rainwater harvesting (farm ponds, roof top rainwater harvesting and Kund bagwani) ii) Fodder management iii) Organic farming iv) Community pasture land development These proactive subprojects should be promoted: a) to demonstrate/showcase the feasibility and advantages of good environmental practices; and b) to identify the type and level of intervention required for scaling up. v Executive Summary It is proposed that these activities should be implemented at a pilot scale in two project facilitation teams (PFrs), with three villages in each PFr per district. The PFr would identify the suitable proactive subprojects based on the environmental appraisal summary and village-level natural resource information. The Sector-specific Organization (SSO) would facilitate the process of pilot implementation, and would help in training of Pl: 120 II> '" f! II> 100 > ...: ... 80 " <: <: 60 ...: 40 20 = Year 2005 = Year 2006 IOIIiiI Year 2007 __ Nannal Rainfall Figure 3.1 Normal and actual rainfall in the project districts for the years 2005- 2007 Based on the observed normal rainfall, Bikaner and Churu are arid districts, while most other districts are classified as semi- humid. In the project area, temperatures reach a maximum of ~46° C during summer, and in winter it falls between 0-50 C. Annual mean of relative humidity ranges between 45 and 60 % (Table 3-4)· Table 3.4 Annual temperature and humidity in the project districts6 Temperature ( C) 0 Annual mean SINo. District Annual relative Maximum Minimum humidity average (%) Banswara 45 9.5 27.5 58 2 Bikaner 46.9 0.6 28.1 43 3 Chittorgarh 45.8 5 26.1 61 4 Churu 47.1 -3.4 27.1 47 5 Dholpur 46.6 4 27.1 60 6 .lhalawar 46.6 7 27.3 59 7 Kota 47.2 8.6 27.9 45 8 Sawai Madhopur 46.3 9.3 26.3 54 9 Udaipur 44.6 5.3 25.7 51 (Sources: Statistical Abstract, Rajasthan, 2009) Statistical Abstract, Rajasthan, 2009. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur, pp. 4. 19 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' 3.4 Water resources in the project districts As shown in Table 3.5, the state of Rajasthan can be divided into 15 water basins. Out of these, the project districts are distributed in eight basins, mainly in Banas, Banganga, Chambal and Mahi. Table 3.5 Basinwise distribution of project districts 7 S No Basin District Catchment Tributaries area (sq. km.) Banas Dausa, Tonk, Bundi, Sawai 45,833 Berach, Menali, Madhopur, Udaipur, Kothari, Khari, Rajsamand, Bhilwara, Dai,Dheel, Chittorgarh Sohadara, Morel, Kalisil 2 Banganga Dausa, Sawai Madhopur 8878 3 Chambal Chittorgarh, Bhilwara, 31,460 Alnia, Kalisindh, Bundi, Sawai Madhopur, Parwan, Mej, Tonk, Kota, Jhalawar, Chakan, Parwati, Baran, Dholpur Kunu 4 Gambhir Dausa, Dholpur, Sawai 4174 Sesa, Kher, Parbati Madhopur 5 Luni Rajsamand, Udaipur 37,363 Sukri, Mithri, Bandi, Khari, Jawai, Guhiya, Sagi, Jojari river 6 Mahi Banswara, Chittorgarh, 16,985 Eru, Nori, Chap, Dungarpur, Udaipur Som, Jhakam, Moran, Anas, Gomti, Bhadar 7 Parbati Dholpur, Sawai Madhopur 2388 Saimi, Bamni, Mendka 8 Ruparail No RRLP district 3855 9 Sabarmati Dungarpur, Udaipur 4164 10 Shekhawati No RRLP district 11 Sabi No RRLP district 12 West Banas No RRLP district l3 Sukli No RRLP district 14 Other Nala No RRLP district 15 Outside basin Churu, Bikaner Source: Water Resource Planning for the State of Rajasthan, Main Report, Vol-2, 1998 Report on Water Resources. Department of State Water Resources Planning, Jaipur 20 Review of environmental status of the project area Since Rajasthan is an arid/semi-arid state, availability of water for various domestic and industrial purposes is limited. 3.4.1 Surface water resources Table 3.6 shows the availability of surface water in a1115 basins. It is clear from the table that out of 25,931 million cubic metres (MCM) mean available water, only 60% i.e. 16,053.5 MCM is economically utilizable at 50% dependability. It is also clear from the table that no water is available for planning in the Parwati and Luni basins. Out of the 15 basins, maximum water for planning is available in the Chambal basin, which covers nine RRLP districts. Table 3.6 Basinwise availability of surface water (MCM) Net water Water Economically availability for Mean availability U nutilizable utilizable planning at Basin availability at 50% water at 50% water at 50% 8 50% dependability dependabilitylO dependability 9 11 dependability 12 Shekhawati 221 160.7 56 104.7 14.98 Ruparail 210 201.5 22 179.5 77.86 Banganga 569 516.2 67 449.2 36.94 Gambhir 805 550.3 197 353.3 121.74 Parwati 226 182.1 44 138.1 -19.18 Sabi 268 223.3 55 168.3 60.65 Banas 4837 4039.3 0 4039.3 399.54 Chambal 11541 10053 4850 5203 2296.23 Mahi 3755 3149 0 3149 422.41 Sabarmati 960 799.9 0 799.9 599.81 Luni 1224 820.8 369 451.8 -684.86 West Banas 551 406.1 0 406.1 327.1 Sukli 190 III. 7 0 111.7 67.41 Other Na1a 91 31.6 0 31.6 31.6 Outside 483 468 0 468 459 TOTAL 25,931 21,713.5 5660 16,053.5 4211.23 Source: State Water Resources Planning Department Table 3.7 lists the major lakes located in the project area. These lakes act as reservoirs and supply a substantial amount of water for various activities. Availability of water in these lakes largely depends on rainfall. 8 Total resource in the basin/region 9 Water available in the basin/region in a situation wherein 50% of the resource is being used/depleted 10 Water which is not potable in the basin/region wherein 50% of the total resource available is being used 11 Water available for the economic development and well being of the society when 50% of available resource is being used 12 Wherein 50% is used of the total available resource 21 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Table 3.7 Major lakes in the project districts Bhilwara Ummed Sagar, Mandlis Bikaner Gajner, Anupsagar, Sursagar, Kolayatji Bundi Nawlakha Churu Chapartal Dholpur Talaabshahi Dungarpur Gauravsagar Jaisamand, Rajsamand, Udaisagar, Fateh Sagar, Udaipur Pichola 3.4.2 Groundwater resources In the last few years, the water table in Rajasthan has retreated due to excessive and unplanned withdrawal of water. As shown in Table 3.8, almost in each project district the groundwater table is categorized as over exploited, except at Mahi, West Banas and Sabarmati where it is in critical/semi-critical stage. It is also indicated that there is no water available for any further irrigation projects. Table 3.8 Basinwise availability of groundwater i IGross for I Allocation I NetGW Stage of I Potential for Basin I zone Net annual Gross for , domestid irrigation I industrial : Gross for all use dom./indl available for GW development, ; Cate 0 g ry RRLP districts (sq. kin.) availability use as on use: irrigation % I 2025 Over None Shekhawati 9495.20 503.8462 972.1902 111.5795 1083.7697 243.4481 ! -468.1225 215,1 exploited Over None Ruparail 347.3004 418,6182 55.2695 473.8877 72.2153 -143.533 136.45 942.30 exploited i : Over Dausa, Banganga 6593.35 605,8966 813.9884 90.2855 904.2739 143.8773 -351.969 149.25 I exploited Sawai I Madhopur I I i Oausa, 130.54 : Over, ' Dholpur, Gambhir 3615.57 349.2411 409.1767 46,7283 455.9051 73.2904 -133.2261 I explOIted I Sawai I Madhopur I I ! Over i ' Dholpur, , Parwati 4879.94 153,5688 186.1281 180913 204.2194 28,6049 i -79,2555 132,98 ; Sawai ; exploited Madhopur -282.3022 : Over None Sabi 400.48 426,1719 I 644.216 43.9114 688.1274 64,2581 161.47 exploited Dausa. Tonk, Bundi, Sawai Over Banas 41089,68 2290,853 2814.7422 389.1081 3203.8503 794.9698 -1318.859 139.85 Madhopur, : exploited Udaipur, Rajsamand, Bhil w ara, I Chitt~ ! Chittorgarh, Bhilwara, Bundi, Over Chambal 27751.94 1921.567 1966.2914 135399 2101.6905 280.2566 -324.9812 10937 Sawai : exploited Madhopur, Tonk, Kota, I i I JhaJawar, 22 Review of environmental status of the project area Allocation Gross for NetGW Stage of Potential Net for Basin zone (sq. kIn.) annual availability Gross for irrigation domestic! industrial use Gross for all use dom.!indl use as on available for irrigation GW development, % Category RRLP districts I 2025 Baran, Dholpur Banswara, Chittorgarh, Mahi 12062.20 528.3994 439.3851 368787 I 476.2732 109.7902 -20.777 90.14 I Critical Dungarpur, Udaipur 87.74 Semi I : Dungarpur, : Sabarmati 80,4701 65.7375 4.8663 70.6038 20.8108 -3.7772 . 1056.57 cntlcal Udaipur Over RaJsamand, Luni 24547.64 ' 1039.594 15 19.0169 16860633 234.9463 ·762.3988 162.18 I exploited Udaipur West Banas 1186.74 75.5004 3.4235 68.2385 6.7468 3.9385 90.38 Critical None None Sukli 867.20 47.8323 53.0038 0.9764 53.9801 2.0709 I -3.9517 112.85 ' Over : exploited Over None I OtherNala 1749.51 100,4201 I 249.778 8.8426 258,6206 15.7973 -165.1552 257.54 exploited Over Churn, , Outside 80329.77 2063,497 2317.3663 463.1662 2780.5325 688.9201 -942.7896 134.75 , exploited Bikaner Source: State Water Resources Plannmg Department, Jalpur Table 3.9 provides the list of project blocks in criticaljsemi- critical or over exploited category13. It is apparent from the table that most of the blocks fall under overexploited and critical category of groundwater. This ""ill have implications on promoting tubewell for irrigation under RRLP. Table 3.9 Categorywise groundwater status in the RRLP districts14 SI District Semi-critical Critical Over exploited No. I Banswara Anandpuri Garhi Baigdora Ghatol Kushalgarh Sajjangarh Talwara 2 Baran Chhipa Barod Anta Atru Baran 3 Bhilwara Kotri Asind Sahada Banera Shahpura Hurda Jahazpur MandaI Mandalgarh Raipur Suwana 4 Bikaner Dungargarh Bikaner Nokha 5 Bundi Talera Hindoli K Patan Nianwa 6 Chittorgarh Bhainsrorgarh Arnod Bari Sadri 13 Over exploited: Groundwater development stage is more than 100%; Critical: Groundwater development stage is between 90% and 100%; Semi- critical: Groundwater development stage is between 70% and 90% 14 Dynamic Ground Water Resources of India. 2006, Central Ground Water Board, Government of India, pp. 105-107. 23 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' SI District Semi-critical Critical Over exploited No. Bhoopalsagar Chhoti Sadri Chittorgarh Dungla Gangrar Kapasan Nimbahera Pratapgarh Rashmi 7 Churu Sujangarh Raigarh 8 Dausa Bandikui Dausa Lalsot Mahua Sikrai 9 Dholpur Baseri Dholpur Rajakhera 10 Dungarpur Bichhiwara Sagwara Durgapur Simalwara II Jhalawar Bakani Manoharathana Dag Pirawa Jhairapatan Khanpur 12 Karauli Nadauti Sapotra Hindaun Karauli Todabhim 13 Kota Suitanpur Itawa Khairabad Ladpura Sangod 14 Rajsamand Railmagra Amet Rajasamand Bhim Deogarh Khamnor Kumbhalgarh 15 Sawai Bamanwas Gangapur Madhopur Bonli Sawai Madhopur Khandar 16 Tonk Deoli Uniara Malpura Newai Todarai Singh Tonk 17 Udaipur Kherwara Badgaon Kotra Bhinder Sarada Dhariyawad Girwa Gogunda Jhadol Mavli 24 Review of environmental status of the project area Implications for EMF: Since Rajasthan is classified as arid/semi-arid region, 1. The EMF needs to support rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge, tank formation, and farm ponds to support livelihood activities like agriculture and animal husbandry. 2. Also the approval of tubewells in a particular village needs to be assessed for their cumulative impact on water resources. Digging of tubewell/well for irrigation purpose must not be promoted in the blocks where groundwater is in overexploited zone. In areas where ground water is in semi-critical/critical stage, farm ponds and rainwater harvesting should be promoted, and any tubewell/borewell should be sanctioned only when it is absolutely necessary. 3. Kund Bagwani is a proactive environmental project which should be promoted at a larger scale. 4. In addition, water conservation practices such as efficient irrigation means should be encouraged. (Source: Dynamic Ground Water Resources of India, 2006, CGWB) 3.5 Land use In Rajasthan, the pattern ofland use has changed remarkably from 1956-57 to 2005-06. As shown in Figure 3.2, the area . under forest, which was 14, 38,000 hectares (4.21%) in 1956-57 has increased to 26, 75,000 hectares (7.81%) by 2005-06. Land under non-agricultural uses, and barren and uncultivable land has decreased from 60, 02,000 hectares to 42, 62,000 hectares, with an increase in net sown area from 36.36% to 49.13%. Moreover, culturable waste land has also decreased from 21.44% to 13-40%. As shown in the figure below, area under permanent pastures and other grazing lands has not changed much (13,80,000 hectares in 1956-57 to 17,08,000 hectares in 2005- 2006), 60 .. ~ 50 40 a .:: 30 ... . 0 ~ 20 10 0 Mi.:tc Irtl:, t'u1luruble fallowlAfid C'urr-enl Net 1lt(ill Fores!. Non BIIrTefl aod P,S'HA«' ,"1'<11141 1 Figure 3.3 Map showing forest cover in Rajasthan As shown in Fig 3.3, the forest cover is mostly confined in eastern and southern parts ofthe state. Nearly 2/3 rd area of the state falls is occupied by the Thar Desert-one of the most densely populated deserts of the world. Table 3.10 shows the classwise forest cover in the project area. Out of the 17 project districts, five districts (Bikaner, Bhilwara, Churu, Dausa, and Tonk) have forest covers less than the state average. Of these, Churu has a forest cover of only 0.4% (Fig. 3-4). Banswara, Udaipur, Karauli, Baran, and Chitlorgarh have significant forest cover and support forest-related livelihood activities. The most common bamboo species found in these forests is Dendrocalamus strictus. Fodder grass species include Dichanthium annuiatum, Aristida depressa, Heteropogon contortus, Schima neruosum, and Themeda quadriualuis. Important tree species known for their edible fruits or flowers near habitation areas in Udaipur and Banswara regions include 18 Statistical Abstract, Rajasthan, 2009. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur 26 Review of environmental status of the project area mango, tamarind, aonla, bahera, mahua, Zizyphus species and Phoenix sylvestris. Other commonly collected NI'FPs are tendu leaves (Diospyrus me[anoxy[on) used in beedi, cigarettes, puwar seed (Cassia tora), and honey and gum, among others. Table 3.10 Forest cover in the project districts17 (Source: Statistical Abstract, Rajasthan, 2009) % Total Forefb6fNer of Project Oistrictlorest cover (sq. km) of area - - - - - - - - - - - - - j - - total area (sq. km) (sq. k m. ) area 30 1~14. ,4 4.6 25 ~ I 24.6 1$ I 20 !S 4.~7 31.9 15 ""U6.76 7.6 14.os 26.4 7 25.5 53. 8 0.4 (J'''''''~$f/"J#3 tff #~ l,pl~ #'~ ~<¥A~ 0'1 7 O. 8.2 6~'! -#' "597.7/fP~~~'I>>S 7. 32. 5 21.1 ~8icts 251.29;,$ 433.25 10.4 18.4 929.57 166 215 ..... % of IOtaI area i====5:i:2!t::::::::::::::::::13J~u==::±5'ft:'ljt:==±Iflfi:::'1.8::=:::::::"__ .~2 35.0 13 Kota 5217 1316.33 891.76 402.61 2196 25.2 14 Rajsamand 3860 396.58 277.44 119.14 10.3 FSawai 15 4498 719 113.66 19.1 i Madhopur 858.98 26.32 16 7194 33194 101.42 226.93 3.59 4.6 17 13419 2961 1621.43 re 3.4 Districtwise forests cover in the project area Rajasthan plays a prominent role in wildlife protection. The project area has one national park and 19 wildlife sanctuaries . .As depicted in Table 3.11, Sawai Madhopur houses Ranthambore National Park, which is one of the major Tiger Reserves ofthe country. Figure 3.5 depicts the locations of national park and wildlife sanctuaries in Rajasthan. It can be seen from Fig. 3.3 that most of the forest cover of Rajasthan is confined to eastern and southern regions. Majority of the wildlife sanctuaries and national parks are also located in this forest-rich region of the state. The wild animal species found in the state include tiger, panther, chital, sambhar, chinkara, blue bull,jackal,jungle cat, wild boar, sloth boar, chital, and wolf, among others. Table 3.11 List of national parks and sanctuaries in the project area18 17 Statistical Abstract, Rajasthan, 2009. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur, pp. 203. 27 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Sl Park/Sanctuaries Districts Area No. {sg. km.} National Park 1 Ranthambore National Park Sawai MadhoEur 392.5 Sanctuaries 1 Bassi WL Sanctuary Chittorgarh 138.69 2 Bhensrodgarh WL Sanctuary Chittorgarh 229.14 3 Darrah Game Sanctuary Kota. Jhalawar 274.41 4 Fulwari ki Nal WL Sanctuary Udaipur 492.68 5 Jaisamand WL Sanctuary Udaipur 52.34 6 Jawahar Sagar WL Sanctuary Kota 153.41 7 Keladevi WL Sanctuary Karauli, Sawai 676.40 Madhopur 8 Kesarbagh WL Sanctuary Dholpur 14.76 9 Kumbalgarh WL Sanctuary Udaipur, 608.57 Rajsamand, Pali 10 National Chambal WL Sanctuary Kota, Sawai 280 Madhopur, Bundi, Dholpur, Karauli, 11 Ramgarh Vishdhari WL Sanctuary Bundi 252.79 12 Ramsagar WL Sanctuary Dholpur 34.40 13 Sajjangarh WL Sanctuary Udaipur 5.19 14 Sawai Mansingh WL Sanctuary Sawai Madhopur 127.76 15 Shergarh WL Sanctuary Kota 98.7 16 Sitamata WL Sanctuary Chittorgarh, 422.94 Udaipur 17 Tal Chappar WL Sanctuary Churu 7.19 18 Todagarh Rawali WL Sanctuary Ajmer, Pali, 463.03 Rajsamand 19 Van Vihar WL Sanctuary Dho)Eur 25.60 (Source: Administrative Prativedan for 2008-2009, State Forest Department) 18 Administrative Prativedan, 2008-2009. Department of Forests, Govemment of Rajasthan, Jaipur, pp. 88. 28 Review of environmental status of the project area Figure 3.5 Map showing locations of national parks and sanctuaries in Rajasthan Implications for EMF: As revealed from the information above, a number of the project districts have little forest cover. Hence, 1. The EMF needs to ensure that forest cover of the project area should not be degraded. The EMF is required to assess all forest-related subprojects for their impacts on forests. 2. As the project area also houses many wildlife sanctuaries and one national park, any livelihood activity should not disturb the protected area and conserved wild life. 3. Further sustainable practices to NTFP collection needs to be promoted. 4. All forest-related livelihood activities would be required to take requisite permission from the Forest Department and the gram panchayat. 5. The EMF also needs to include measures to safeguard the natural habitats and promote sustainable resource use. Plantation of fuel wood, fodder, NTFP species on degraded lands needs to be promoted to further enrich forest cover as well meet the requirement for sustainable livelihood activities. 6. As the forest cover also impacts animal husbandry related activities, community pasture land development should be promoted in RRLP districts. This will help in minimizing the pressure on forests. 3.7 Agriculture Agriculture and animal husbandry are the two most common rural livelihood activities in Rajasthan. Agriculture contributes about 27% of the state's domestic product. Soil fertility and available means of irrigation are the critical parameters, which determine the sustainability of agricultural production. The following sections detail the salient features and constraints to agriculture in the project districts. 29 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' 3.7.1 Soil fertil ity and fertilizer cons umption As demonstrated in Table 3.12, soil in the project districts is low in nitrogen (N), which is the main element that supports crops. The percentage of phosphorus (P) is medium. The area also has saline and alkaline soil ranging from 0.02% (Churu) to 12048% (Dausa) of the total soil in the project area (Fig. 3.6). Table 3.12 Fertility status and problematic soils in the project districts 19 %of Fertility status Problematic soil (Ha) problematic District soil to tota I N P K Saline soil Alkaline soil area Banswara 2131 2130 084 Bhilwara L M H 27950 13470 3.95 Bikaner vC M M 14134 14033 0.93 Bundi M M H 6009 9229 2.62 Chittorgarh L M H 17720 11397 2,81 Churu VL M M 250 0,02 Dausa L M M 4056 38437 12,48 Dholpur L M M 5373 20121 8,47 Dungarpur L M M 2819 3928 1.75 Jhalawar M M H 7409 540 l.26 Karauli L M M 7002 7200 2.81 Kota M M H 2947 6223 1.76 Rajsamand L M M 9922 6251 3.55 Sawai Madhopur L M M 12530 20027 6.54 Tonk L M H 18014 16593 4.82 Udaipur L M H 5636 9493 103 · L = Low, VL = Very Low, M= Medium, H=High Problematic Soil Scenario in Project Districts '! 45000 - ~ 40000 e 35000 10 ,'!> ~ J;Y !S' ~ rfJt ~ ~ ,# ~ ':!J> i0~ ~ rSfr' ~ ",~~~&~,~~~~,~~~ ~ ~ <::i '<'~ RRLP District q>~ Figure 3.6 Districtwise problematic soils in the project area 19 Vital Agriculture Statistics, Rajasthan, 2005-2006, Directorate of Agriculture, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur, pp. 3 30 Review of environmental status of the project area Table 3.13 Fertilizer consumption in the project districts20 Fertilizers (tonnes) Total S No District NPK, (kg N P K per ha) 1 Banswara 22628 2551 227 75.86 2 Baran 34877 6901 630 86.77 3 Bhilwara 16124 5515 654 37.01 4 Bikaner 17528 1172 156 13.79 5 Bundi 24856 4613 744 81.06 6 Chittorgarh 33711 11103 1447 68.77 7 Churu 2240 817 31 2.16 8 Dausa 130520 8761 711 399.9 9 Dholpur 11468 3611 260 71.95 10 Dungarpur 6174 809 75 38.46 11 lhalawar 17830 5002 345 45.84 12 Karauli 12270 3836 133 51.65 13 Kota 36015 13653 2000 127.69 14 Raj sam and 1989 456 51 23.24 Sawai 15 21305 8922 801 Madhopur 88.61 16 Tonk 19882 4838 538 41.51 17 Udaipur 15860 3090 317 57.4 (Sources: Vital Agriculture Statistics 2005-2006) The project districts consume lesser fertilizers than the national average (90 kg per hectare), except Dausa and Kota which use 399.9 and 127.69 kg/hectare of fertilizers respectively (Table 3.13 and Fig 3.7). The overall total fertilizer consumption may be related to the percentage of problematic area in each district (Table 3.12 and Fig. 3.7). Extremely low application of fertilizers in Churn may be due to the lack of agricultural practices and less percentage 6fproblematic area (0.02%). This observation is also supported by the fact revealed during consultations with stakeholders that the area has observed almost no rain in past decade. The appropriate N: P: K ratio in Indian soil is considered to be 4:2:1 (IFFCO). However, even in project districts with medium N status (Baran, Bundi, Jhalawar, Kota), the ratio is extremely skewed towards N. 20 Vital Agriculture Statistics, Rajasthan, 2005-2006. Directorate of Agriculture, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur, pp. 25-26 31 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Total (NPK) Fertilizer Consumption in Project Districts RRLP District Figure 3.7 Total fertilizer consumption in the project districts 3.7.2 Pesticide use Besides fertilizers, a total of 2547 MT21 of pesticides were used in the state during 1999-2000 (Central Insecticide Board and Registration Committee). Consumption of pesticides is highest in cotton, followed by groundnut, jowar, maize, mustard, and gram. Consumption is casual in crops like wheat and barley, which are more resistant to pest attack. Kota and Baran record the highest pesticide consumption, while the use is lowest in the desert area (Churn, Bikaner) simply because these districts also observe lesser agricultural practices (Rajasthan Development Report). Table 3.14 lists the commonly used pesticides and their classification as per WHO guidelines. 21 http://cibrc.nic.in/pestconsum.asp 32 Review of environmental status of the project area Table 3.14 Commonly used pesticides and their classification as per WHO Pesticide WHO classification Endosulfan Moderatelv hazardous - Class II Lindane Extremely hazardous (Class Ia) Methyl parathion Extremely hazardous (Class Ia) Alachlor Slightly hazardous (Class III) Carbaryl Moderately hazardous (Class II) Carbendazim Unlikely to cause acute hazard Carbofuran Highly hazardous (Class Ib) Chlorimuron ethyl Unlikely to cause acute hazard Dimethoate Moderately hazardous (Class 11) · Dinocap Slightly hazardous (Class III) Fluchloralin Slightly hazardous (Class IU) Malathion Slightly hazardous (Class III) Metolachlor Slightly hazardous (Class 1Il) Pendimethalin Slightly hazardous (Class III) Phosphamidon Extremely hazardous (Class la) Monocrotophos 36 WSC Highly hazardous (Class Ib) Mancozeb Unlikely to cause acute hazards Chlorpyrifos Methvl 20EC Unlikely to cause acute hazards Imidacloprid Moderately hazardous (Class II) Quinalphos 25 EC Moderately hazardous (Class II) i Annexure 13 provides the list of pesticides, which are unlikely to present acute hazard during normal use. Those pesticides should be preferred. 3.7.3 Irrigation scenario Table 3.15 provides details on sourcewise irrigated area in the project districts. The major source of irrigation common to all is tubewellJwell, followed by canals. Tanks contribute significantly to irrigation in Bhilwara, Udaipur, and Chittorgarh districts. Overall, Rajasthan observes 70.52 % irrigation by well and tubewell, 26.22% by canals, 2.01% by tanks, and 1.25% by other sources. Figure 3.8 compares the net irrigated area with net sown area. It is clear from the Table that only 13-4%, 4.6%, and 6.3% of total sown area is irrigated in Bikaner, Chum, and Rajsamand respectively, as these districts face severe water scarcity. Less than 50% of the total sown area is under irrigation in Banswara, Bhilwara, Chittorgarh, Dungarpur, and Udaipur. However, in all other project districts, more than 70-80% of net sown area is irrigated. Table 3.16 lists the various ongoing irrigation schemes in the project districts. Additional irrigation potential created during 2002-2007 was 0.206 million hectares. 33 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Table 3.15 Source wise irrigated area in the project districts (in hectares)22 % Total i Total net irrigated Weill gross Net sown District Canal Tank Other irrigated area w.r.t Tubewell irrigated area area net sown area area Total Net : Total Net Total Net Total Net Banswara 48739 47009 6045 5909 16648 15541 16983 16180 88415 84639 239229 35.4 Bhilwara 24545 24528 28531 27893 133165 117271 2224 2084 188465 171776 417819 4Ll Bikaner 140548 95216 8 8 95871 59973 0 0 236427 155197 1160186 13.4 Bundi 136578 114852 398 363 105047 94938 3545 3488 245568 213641 253973 84.1 Chi ttorgarh 8077 7943 9064 8348 209990 193768 4062 3646 231193 213705 437415 48.9 Churu 0 0 0 0 65102 53828 0 0 65102 53828 1163648 4.6 Dausa 1376 1376 0 0 168918 l 162515 0 170294 163891 214199 76.5 Dholpur Dungarpur 9166 7910 8838 7447 146 4557 146 4049 97452 25146 I 94630 23495 2804 ~ 2504 0 106764 40417 103614 37495 148104 127753 70.0 29.3 lhalawar 14286 12302 1025 1013 199263 191056 569 564 215143 204935 322859 63.5 Karauli 7550 7539 1205 1205 105366 102699 955 954 115076 112397 191319 58.7 Kota 129597 152 138 111446 104410 6104 81 247299 232447 121818 27~ ! ! Rajsamand 0 0 119 119 7414 6226 0 0 7533 6345 100 6.3 Sawai Madhopur 18918 18918 2886 2883 169459 166980 2959 2959 194222 i 191740 260892 73.5 I Tonk 76028 75737 7123 7113 144926 140251 9144 9088 237221 232189 413557 56.1 Udaipur 11378 11305 9474 9238 52003 49320 1530 1523 74385 71386 268918 26.5 Net Irrigated and Net Sown Area in Project Districts 1400000 1200000 j 1000000 e 800000 tl '" ::c 600000 400000 200000 a Figure 3.8 Net irrigated vs net sown area in the project districts 22 District Statistical Abstract - for all 17 districts. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 34 Review of environmental status of the project area Table 3.16 Districtwise various irrigation schemes District Name of scheme Bhikha Bhai Sagawara Canal, Beautification and Banswara development of Kagdi Nalla, Boriwan Garhi (TAD) Bhilwara Parwali Sagar Bundi Machali, Chakan, Garada Bagdari, Singhpur, Bhanwar Semi a, Jalsanagar, Chittorgarh Pind, Dasua Diwanchali Bhawarana Canal, Beautification of Gap Sagar, Dungarpur Borka Bhatra Piplad, Gagrin, Kalikhar, Gulandi, Banskheri, Jhalawar Challia, Prithvipura, Kanwara, Rewa, Bhimani, Dobra Karauli Khoh Kota Takli, Lahasi, Balapura, Kishanpura Rajsamand Liki Feeder, Agaria S.Madhopur Raising Mansarowar Do Nadi, Rohini, Hondakheda pickup Wier, Udaipur Sabarmati, Marner, Ghoda Khoj 3.7.4 Cropping pattern Of the total area under agriculture in Rajasthan, 70% is primarily rain fed. The mono-cropping system is very much predominant in the state. Fig 3.9 shows the crops grown in various regions of Rajasthan. Rajasthan practises legume- wheat-based cropping system. Soyabean-wheat cropping pattern is dominant in the south-eastern region (Kota, Bundi, Baran, Jhalawar, Chittorgarh, Banswara and others). Other cropping patterns are pearl millet-wheat (Tonk, Banswara), pearl-millet-mustard, maize-wheat (eastern Rajasthan). The major kharif crops in the project districts are pulses, maize, jowar, paddy, soya bean, groundnut and rapeseed and that are grown during monsoon (June-July). The major rabi crops in the area are wheat, mustard, barley and gram (grown from September till November end). 35 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Information on irrigation scenarios, soil-fertility status, and fertilizer consumption throws light on the low yield of various crops (as shown below in Tables 3.17 and 3.18). These tables list the major food grains and pulses/oilseeds produced in the project area, along with their yield. Among all the crops grown, the project area observes highest yield of wheat ranging between 1703-3825 kg/hectare, while the state average production of wheat is 3024 kg/ha. Nine project districts (Baran, Bhilwara, Bundi, Chittorgarh, Dholpur, Jhalawar, Karauli, Kota, and Rajsamand) have a higher yield of wheat than the state average. All project districts produce jowar more than the state average production of 556 kg/ha. Gram yield, too, exceeds the state average yield of 863 kg/ha in all the project districts, except Tonk. There is no rice production in Churu and Dausa. Churu, with very low water availability, does not produce maize, either. The districts with higher yield of food grains are Dausa, Baran, Bundi, Kota, Jhalawar, and Chittorgarh, among others. As shown in Table 3.18, the RRLP districts enjoy significant production of pulses and oilseeds. Dholpur has the highest yield for most of the pulses, as well as rapeseed and mustard. The yield of pulses and oilseeds is very low in Churu and Bikaner. Other than pulses and food grains, the project area also produces sugarcane, (up to 1,13,523 kg/hectare in Karauli). Other crops like chillies, cotton, potatoes, and so on are also produced in the RRLP districts (Table 3.18). 36 Review of environmental status of the project area RAJASTHAN I ~~A~ricyltur9 .i .. N PAKIS1AN / ' i OUJARA r Figure 3.9 Map showing various crops grown in different part of Rajasthan Implications for EMF: Lack of sufficient irrigation means and poor soil fertility are two major constraints to agricultural practices in Rajasthan. Following points should be considered in EMF for sustainable agricultural practices: 1. EMF needs to promote water conservation and water harvesting practices to reduce pressure on groundwater. 2. RRLP needs to coordinate with the agriculture department and Krishi Vigyan Kendra to converge with various government schemes in RRLP. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) need to be promoted for sustainable agriculture. 3. Coordination with academic institutions will ensure the required technical support. 4. Use of chemical pesticides belonging to Classes lA, IB and II, as per WHO guidelines, must not be promoted through the RRLP. 5. Producer organizations dealing with sale of seeds, pesticides, and fertilizers should obtain necessary registration and certification prior to conducting business. 6. The EMF needs to include guidelines on soil testing, adequate technical support on irrigation schedule, best cropping pattern, and promotion of organic manures and biofertilizers. 37 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Table 3.17 Districtwise food grain production in the project area District Cereals Bajra Jowar Maize Wheat Barley Rice Area Prod Yield Area Prod Yield Area Yield Prod Yield Area Prod Yield Area Prod Yield Prod (T) Area (H) (H) (T) (KgIH) (H) (T) (Kg/H) (H) (Kg/H) (T) (Kg/H) (H) (T) (Kg/H) (H) (T) (Kg/H) Banswara 91 64 703 566 355 627 1,44,544 53,215 368 85,835 1,60,011 1864 1298 2383 1836 33,252 18,756 564 Bhilwara 2628 4527 1723 37,990 33,451 881 1,81,445 2,99,942 1653 1,23,813 38,9584 3147 19,985 50,013 2503 207 326 1575 Bikaner 1,71,921 26,093 152 529 294 556 3 3 1000 52,898 1,38,027 2609 2086 3460 1659 7 II 1571 Bundi 2198 2045 930 1309 871 665 30722 56,363 1835 1,11,575 4,05,515 3634 825 2101 2547 9421 16,208 1720 · Chittorgarh 15 II 733 10,294 7939 771 1,61,243 2,70,936 1680 1,46,886 5,61,855 3825 5905 15,538 2631 608 958 1576 ; ChUTU 4,30,403 1,54,859 360 2 I 500 0 0 0 15,743 26,817 1703 4298 7130 1659 0 0 0; Dausa 1,11,351 2,05,268 1843 6787 7770 1145 1196 1836 1535 75,948 1,96,390 2586 6589 12,277 1863 0 0 0 Dholpur 67,478 1,14,031 1690 78 43 551 9 10 1111 47,649 1,59,087 3339 986 2491 2526 536 845 1576 Dungarpur 125 88 704 795 442 556 74,916 11,078 148 40,855 71,327 1746 1350 3438 2547 27,161 18,171 669 lhalawar 21 15 714 7974 9354 1173 44,595 64,323 1442 72,456 2,35,175 3246 374 953 2548 720 1135 1576 Karauli 1,19,452 1,89,303 1585 768 662 862 239 259 1084 53,423 1,63,549 3061 463 1179 2546 1840 4327 2352 Kota 19 13 684 9488 9060 955 9277 9143 986 81,551 29,6388 3634 449 1144 2548 6505 17,751 2729 Rajsamand 523 366 700 7639 11,614 1520 62,656 81,596 1302 36,704 1,16,996 3188 7452 16,487 2212 105 165 1571 Sawai 62,617 1,04,543 1670 1253 1083 2799 1372 1556 Madhopur 2874 3601 588 637 42,351 1,18,521 752 1032 27 42 Tonk 52,970 45,618 861 72,764 21,271 292 13,658 11323 829 63,430 1,63,346 2575 4174 8172 1958 0 0 0 Udaipur 27 19 704 5270 3305 627 1,88,466 1,49,858 795 88,904 2,17,207 2443 11,996 22,986 1916 6175 5725 927 Source: District Statistical Abstract - for all districts. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur; and Statistical Abstract, Rajasthan, 2009. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur, pp. 155--q16S.' 38 Review of environmental status of the project area Table 3.18 District wise pulses/oil seeds production in the project area District Others Gram Other Pul... Arbar s..amum and Mustard Sugarcane Other crops ~~~~~~~-- District Area (H) Prod (T) Yield Area (H) Prod Yield Area Prod Yield Area Prod Yield Area Prod (T) Yield Area Prod Yield Area Prod (T) Yield (KgIH) (T) (KglH) (H) (T) (KglII) (H) (T) (KglH ) (H) (KglII) (H) (T) (KgIH) (11) (KgIH) Banswar. 15,118 14,957 989.35 24,685 8504 i 344,5 7079 1714 242,12 569 185 325,13 2 88 107 1215,9 287 16,334 56,913 13,751 2769 2544 i ------'Sh11wara 24,532 22,860 931.84 56,730 21,334 376,06 5 1 200 26,942 6398 237.473 50,402 49,318 978,49 200 13.199 68,995 21,403 12,444 5124 Sikaner 1,25,791 1,33,339 1060 2,75,967 43,148 156,35 2 2 1000 2567 144 56,0966 60,588 74,288 1226.1 1 58 58,000 50,510 75,844 1943 BUIld; 8967 9754 1087,8 7121 3176 446 7 6 857,14 6302 2880 456,998 1,03,746 1,29,154 1244,9 4398 2,21,042 50,260 808 1675 7533 ch;ii~;g~rh 27,302 25,910 949,01 15,307 2109 137,78 445 452 1015,7 8266 1565 189.33 92,885 1,43,989 15502 1375 78,526 57,110 36,524 29,710 10814 Churn 2,64,720 1,56,190 59002 2,67,263 29,157 109,09 0 0 0 838 272 27,545 21,668 786.64 Dausa 2434 2133 876.34 309 736 2381.9 36 26 722.22 4315 1495 324.582 346A66 84,512 1,02,680 1215 ~ ° 173 0 57,667 0 15,254 14,519 30,914 13,425 23% 3999 -------------- Dho1pur 1885 2637 1398,9 440 2476 5627.3 646 516 798.76 3829 2959 772.787 66,976 1,03,446 1544.5 172 5359 31,157 3359 35,045 15,565 -----0:----- -- --, Dungarpur 17,943 16,394 913,67 13,926 3522 252.91 2352 296 125.85 1093 355 324,794 727 884 1216 188 10,107 53,761 623 328 7288 Jhalowar 14,082 16,096 1143 15,022 9065 603.45 623 553 887.64 3348 1086 324.373 72,194 84,255 1167.1 31 1789 57,710 2272 3037 14,350 c-c------------ Karauli 5137 5695 1108.6 121 25 206.61 383 567 1480.4 8616 5849 678.853 89,427 1,12,724 12605 128 14,531- 1,13,523 1876 1324 4424 Kot. 3057 4241 1387,) 5334 2545 477.13 37 19 51351 6913 2544 368,002 1,35,072 1,99,491 1476,9 28 1616 57,714 689 5377 21,057 Rajsamand 1655 1429 863.44 3122 1065 341,13 19 14 736,84 2913 538 184,689 4682 4)00 918.41 373 26,914 72155 5266 4627 12,300 Sawai 4905 4558 929,26 1797 1137 632,72 627 627 1000 9228 3581 388,058 1,79,885 1,87,437 1042 75 4329 57,720 7947 9173 6539 Madhopur Tonk 6664 4959 744,15 44,095 13,469 305.45 2 1 500 9405 1721 182,988 1,75,589 1,45,210 826,99 97 4520 46,598 15,213 4005 4284 Udaipur 15,922 17,138 1076.4 17,480 12,945 74056 3375 1967 582,81 3994 332 83,1247 20,525 18,851 918,44 490 36,712 74,922 6526 4931 73,804 ---------- ------------ - - - - - ---------------- - - - - - - - - - Source: District Statistical Abstract for all districts, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur; and Statistical Abstract, Rajasthan, 2009, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur, pp.155-168. 39 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' 3.8 Pasture lands and fodder for livestock Table 3.19 (below) lists the livestock resources available in the project districts, livestock density, and Adult Cattle Unit (ACU)23. As shown in the table, Udaipur has the highest number of cattle, buffaloes, and goats, which are a major source of milk production. Dholpur has the lowest number of cattle and goats, while Bikaner has the least number of buffaloes. Rajasthan has nine cattle breeds, eight sheep breeds, six goat breeds, and four camel breeds. There are also thoroughbred horses in the state. The important breeds of cattle traded in Rajasthan are Rathi, Kankrej, Nagour, Tharparkar, Haryana, Malui, Gir, Sanchori, and Mehwati. Murrah buffalo is the preferred breed, although Surri is also popular in the southern parts of Rajasthan. Sheep occupy an important place in the animal husbandry sector of the state. The important breeds of sheep are, NaZi, Magra, Chokla or Shekkauati, Marwadi, Jaisalmeri, Malpuri, Sonari or Chanother, Pugal and Bagdi. The important goat breeds are Jamnapari, Badwari, Alwari and Sirohi, all of which are reared for milk and meat. Lohi and Jhalwadi breeds are especially reared for their meat. As also revealed in Table 3.19, the RRLP districts have high livestock density ranging from 153 per sq. km. (Bikaner) to 907 per sq. km. (Churu) as compared to the national average of 143 per sq. km. The livestock density has been calculated by dividing the total number of cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats and camels by the total grazing land of the district. The grazing land in a district includes its total forest cover, barren and unculturable land, permanent pastures and grazing land, culturable wasteland, other fallow land, and current fallow land. Further, it can be observed from the Table that though Churu has highest livestock density among the RRLP districts, the cattle/buffalo density is low (259) as compared to goat and sheep density (618). This may be attributed to scarcity of water and fodder in 23 Adult Cattle Unit (ACU) is the number of cattle per hectare of grazing land. For the calculation purpose, 1 cattle = 1 buffalo=O.2 goat or sheep. This is calculated by dividing the total number of cattle (converting goat/sheep into adult cattle unit) by total available grazing land (including total forest cover, barren and unculturable land, permanent pastures and grazing land, culturable wasteland, other fallow land, and current fallow land. While grazing is not permitted in protected areas (national parks and wildlife sanctuaries), in the calculation of land available for grazing. all forest land (protected areas and otherwise) have been included to facilitate an estimate of grazing pressure. 40 Review of Environmental Status of the Project Area western Rajasthan due to which small ruminants like goat and sheep are preferred for livelihood activity. In rainfed (semi-arid) and arid areas, the recommended carrying capacities are 1 ACU (Adult Cattle Unit)/ha and 004 ACU/ha respectively. However, the arid project districts, namely Churu and Bikaner, have 4.13 and 0.71 ACU/ha respectively. Other eastern and southern districts also exceed the permissible carrying capacity. Except Baran, Karauli, Rajsamand, and Udaipur, all other RRLP districts exceed the recommended 1 ACU /ha by more than 100%. This situation has posed a problem of fodder availability in Rajasthan. Moreover, the use of pasture lands for agricultural purposes has aggravated the situation. As per the Department of Forest, government of Rajasthan, the estimated current and projected requirement and availability/supply offodder from forest and non-forest areas are provided in Table 3.20 (below). As shown in the Table, the availability of fodder that is already in short supply by nearly 36% is likely to worsen, considering the high growth rate of animal population in Rajasthan. Table 3.19 Fodder demand and supply in the state of Rajasthan Year Demand (Million Tonnes) Supply (Million Tonnes) 1980 61.2 28.5 1990 58.8 31.52 1995 67.47 44.7 2001 72.18 50.08 2006 76.51 56.08 (Source: http://rajforest.nic.in) As per the report by the Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI), green fodder production varies from 2.5 tonnes to over 10 tonnes per hectare of forest lands. The estimation done by CAZRI reveals that average fodder biomass from forest areas, excluding core areas of PAN (Protected Area Network), is about 4 tonnes per ha. Excluding the core areas, a net area where animals graze or fodder is harvested by fringe communities, amounts to 2.8 million hectares. Thus, green fodder produced from the forests is around 11.20 million tonnes. Further, the estimated consumption per cattle is 5 kg dry fodder per day. As per their estimation, total fodder utilization from forest area amounts to 16.9 million tonnes per annum. Correlating the livestock population with the extent of forest area, the grazing pressure in terms of cow units is 4 units per hectare. In some areas, the pressure is as high as 12 units. Thus, the enormous grazing pressure adversely affects the regenerative capacity of forests. 41 Review of environmental status of the project area Table 3.20 Districtwise livestock in the project area Total Cattle Goat and livestock buffalo sheep District Cattle Buffaloes Sheep Goats Camels AClJIha density I density(/sq. density(/sq. sq. km. km.) km.) Banswara 6,58,666 2,59,946 22,705 4,51,193 1552 546.0 359.8 185.6 3.98 Bhilwara 6,03,066 3,12,743 4,46,680 7,40,352 5951 375.1 162.9 211.1 2.06 Bikaner 6,08,597 1,32,732 9,28,892 6,86,507 61,861 153.2 47.0 102.3 0.71 Bundi 2,60,832 2,44,901 66,921 3,08,107 3742 307.1 175.6 130.2 2.03 Chittorgarh 6,94,048 4,08,618 1,04,751 6,37,965 4533 337.6 201.2 135.5 2.29 Churu 2,15,234 1,94,524 3,81,005 5,95,899 46,822 907.8 259.5 618.6 4.13 Dausa 1,21,781 3,81,533 57,371 2,56,049 6258 778.8 476.3 296.6 5.42 Dho1pur 57,753 3,06,259 9515 96,413 748 346.2 267.7 77.9 2.84 Dungarpur 4,17,378 2,15,991 24,158 3,75,028 2861 444.3 271.8 171.3 3.07 lha1awar 4,26,123 2,64,087 14,317 3,21,609 693 365.5 245.7 119.6 2.70 Karauli 1,04,732 3,59,224 36,857 2,52,303 5534 261.6 160.0 99.7 1.82 Kota 2,30,401 1,90,272 24,649 1,89,046 2678 294.5 194.5 98.8 2.15 Rajsamand 2,51,863 2,00,184 1,20,641 4,99,334 3815 325.0 136.6 187.3 1.75 Sawai 1,26;115 2,30,790 74,496 2,65,093 4985 170.3 162.1 2.05 Madhopur 334.8 Tonk 2,19,582 2,28,914 2,25,430 3,26,056 2176 391.6 175.3 215.5 2.19 Udaipur 10,38,263 5,30,405 2,04,491 11,64,316 9125 284.2 151.3 132.0 1.79 Source: District Statistical Abstract - for all districts. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur; and Statistical Abstract, Rajasthan, 2009. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur, pp. 189-194. Implications for EMF: Since livestock rearing is one of the most dominant livelihood activities in rural Rajasthan, it is likely to pose pressure on pasture lands/fodder resources of the project area. 1. The EMF needs to regularly assess the cumulative impacts oflivestock-based livelihood activities. 2. EMF must ensure promotion of fodder-enrichment practices like chopping machine and addition of supplementary nutrients. 3· The eno should encourage development of community pasturelands and homestead pasture lands. 4· EMF needs to lay down procedures for maintaining the hygiene of both animals and their milk. 5· Additionally, from the cluster development fund, RRLP may create community level facilities like fodder bank for better management of fodder. 42 Review of Environmental Status of the Project Area 3.9 Industrial scenario in the project districts Table 3.21 shows the number offactories along with the number of people employed. Table 3.21 Districtwise factories in project area 24 Numbers of people District Number of factories eml!lo~ed Banswara 56 6709 Bhilwara 377 33,017 Bikaner 201 5817 Bundi 40 1021 Chittorgarh 146 4342 Churu 13 599 Dausa 12 374 Dholpur 19 530 Dungarpur 12 2833 lhalawar 13 1970 Karauli 0 0 Kota 91 6877 Rajsamand 110 1296 Sawai 15 831 Madhopur Tonk 24 2039 Udaipur 260 10,594 Source: Report on Annual Survey of Industries, 2004-2005 As shown in the Table, Bhilwara has the maximum number of factories, while Karauli does not have any listed factory. This wide variance can be attributed to factors such as availability or lack of raw materials, necessary resources, and means of transportation, among others. Rajasthan is a leading mineral producing state of India. At present, about 44 varieties of major minerals and 22 varieties of minor minerals are being produced in the state. Tables 3.22 and 3.23 respectively depicts districtwise total production of major and minor minerals. Banswara, Baran, Churn, and Jhalawar do not produce any major mineral; while Chittorgarh has the highest production of 1,01,27,344 tonnes (Table 3.22). The major minerals produced in the project area are lead zinc, china clay, feldspar, soapstone, limestone, and rock phosphate. 24 Report on Annual Survey of Industries, 2004-2005. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur, pp. 8. 43 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Table 3.22 Districtwise major minerals production in the project area 25 Total Production District Major minerals (tonnes) Banswara Lead zinc, china clay, feldspar, mica, ochres, Bhilwara quartz, soapstone, cadmium 41,25,683 Bikaner Ball clay, gypsum 27,55,745 Bundi China clay, limestone, silica sand 4,92,630 China clay, feldspar, ochres, quartz, lime stone, Chittorgarh silica sand 1,0 1,27,344 Churu Dausa Soapstone, silica sand 23,476 Dholpur Dungarpur Soapstone 31,347 Ihalawar Karauli China clay, silica sand, 2,13,288 Kota Limestone 18,05,295 Rajsamand Lead zinc,feldspar, quartz, soapstone dolomite 8,07,089 Sawai Madhopur Quartz 10,460 Tonk Feldspar, quartz, silica sand 76,640 Lead zinc, ochres, quartz, soapstone, dolomite, Udaipur barytes, calcite, pyrophyllite, rock phosphate 30,07,004 (Sources: Statistical Abstract, Rajasthan, 2009) Tonk, Kota, and Chittorgarh produce large amount of minor minerals, while Dungarpur records the lowest production of such minerals. Minor minerals found in the RRLP area are mainly marble, masonary stone, kankar bajri and murram (Table 3.23). 25 Statistical Abstract, Rajasthan, 2009. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur, pp. 214-229. 44 Review of Environmental Status of the Project Area Table 3.23 Districtwise minor minerals production in project area Total District Minor Minerals Production (tonnes) Kankar bajri, limestone, marble, masonary stone, brick Banswara 6,82,263 earth Kankar bajri, limestone, marble, masonary stone, brick Bhilwara 76,99,759 earth, sandstone, murram, granite, patti katla, Fuller's Earth Kankar bajri, limestone, masonary stone, brick earth, Bikaner 16,42,290 sandstone, Fuller's Earth, Kankar bajri, limestone, marble, masonary stone, brick Bundi 26,14,892 earth, sandstone, murram, slate stone Kankar bajri, limestone, marble, masonary stone, brick Chittorgarh 1,64,49,901 earth, murram, chips powder Churu Marble, masonary stone, brick earth, sandstone 35,90,691 Dausa Kankar bajri, marble, masonary stone, brick earth 24,89,775 Dholpur Masonary stone, brick earth, sandstone 5,94,959 Kankar Bajri, limestone, marble, masonary stone, patti Dungarpur 3,25,689 katla, serpentine Kankar bajri, limestone, marble, masonary stone, brick lhalawar earth, sandstone, murram, granite, patti katla, Fuller's 44,63,764 Earth, slate stone, chips powder, serpentine, bantonite Kankar bajri,masonary stone, brick earth, sandstone, Karauli 10,90,738 murram, bantonite, khariya stone, mill stone Kankar bajri, limestone, masonary stone, sandstone, Kota 1,35,33,781 murram Kankar bajri, marble, masonary stone, granite, chips Rajsamand 42,06,769 powder Sawai Kankar bajri, masonary stone, murram, granite, patti katla 4,14,403 Madhopur Kankar bajri, limestone, masonary stone, brick earth, patti Tonk 1,51,18,454 katla,slate stone Kankar bajri, limestone, marble, masonary stone, Udaipur 44,81,270 serpentine (Sources: Statistical Abstract, Rajasthan, 2009) Most of the mining of minor minerals, which includes all construction-related minerals such as stones, are performed in an unorganized manner, usually at a small scale. Mining of many major minerals like quartz, feldspar, mica, (semi) precious stones, limestone and gypsum (essentially major minerals) is also generally carried out at a small scale in an unorganized manner. Small lease holders, mainly with the help of manual labourers, produce small quantities of minerals for local trading. The small-scale mining in Rajasthan is mainly engaged in: · Slate/quartzite/phyllite mines for construction purposes · Marble/limestone/granite mines at small scale · Sandstone mines 45 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' · Quartz/feldspar/mica mining at small scale · Quartzite mines for masonry work · Gemstone mining (though major minerals, but there are no mines in the state for these to be operated at large scale) There are nearly 20,000 instances of small-scale mining activities in Rajasthan 26 · The mining is generally carried out manually and is, thus, labour oriented. Of the workforce engaged in mining, 37% are women and 15% are children. They work as daily labour. Due to the unscientific manner of operations, these small-scale mining activities impose serious health threats to the women and children. As per study by R Sengupta (2005), nearly 200 labourers lose their lives every year. The main occupational health hazards include silicosis, tuberculosis and bronchitis due to inhalation of the fine dust generated during mining activity. Besides the major factories and mineral industries, rural communities are also engaged in small-scale industries. These industries deal with leather, oil, blacksmithy, lime work, pottery, soap oil, pulses, bamboo stick, handmade paper, fibres, textile, lac bangles, plastic, electronics, fodder, matchbox, agarbatti and so on. Implications for EMF: 1. Stone cutting and carving, nagina (gem) work and pearl drilling are livelihood activities promoted under DPIP-I. These activities have adverse impacts on the ambient air and directly affect human health. 2. EMF must promote provision of adequate amenities (like mask to cover nose and mouth, goggles to protect eyes) for use by workers. 3. Further, RRLP needs to coordinate with the State Pollution Control Board to provide relevant technical support. 26 Sengupta, R. 2005. Report on ASM in Rajasthan. 46 Review of Environmental Status of the Project Area 3.10 Natural Calamities Fig 3.10 shows the frequency of drought in various regions of Rajasthan. It can be inferred from the Figure that except Churu, all project districts observe drought once in a minimum of five year. However, in 2009, drought was declared in 27 out ofthe 33 districts in Rajasthan. Table 3.24 (below) provides details on the drought in project districts and the extent ofloss. Out of the 17 project districts, only four did not face any drought. Figure 3.10 Map showing frequency of drought in different districts of Rajasthan (Source: http://www.rajrelief.nic.in/dFreqmap.htm) 47 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Table 3.24 Extent of scarcity due to drought in RRL districts (2009) No. of affected Value of damaged District No. of affected villages cattle (in crops (Rs. In million) Banswara 1488 4599.723 1.347 Baran NO DAMAGE Bhilwara 1845 2974.088 1.502 Bikaner 927 1066.336 2.488 Bundi 885 23510.920 0.941 Chittorgarh 1689 1759.015 1348 Churu 912 3920.646 1.712 Dausa 1090 1616.280 9.40 Dho1pur NO DAMAGE Dungarpur 947 118.282 Ll24 Jhalawar 791 7111.625 0.706 Karauli NO DAMAGE Kota NO DAMAGE Rajsamand 1072 616.058 0.931 S.Madhopur 352 622.6 0.268 Tonk 1177 7384.558 0.759 Udaipur 2496 6599.135 1.919 Implications for EMF: RRLP needs to invest in community-level infrastructure (utilizing the cluster development fund), which can lead to drought relief and managing the crisis. The infrastructure can include fodder/grain store room, cattle shed, and so on. 48 Review of Environmental Status of the Project Area 3.11 Environmental issues in the project districts Though the project districts fall under different agro-climatic zones, the major livelihood activities are animal husbandry and agriculture. The following section provides a brief overview of the overall livelihood activities, and the environmental issues related to them. District Environmental overview Livelihood activities Environmental issues % Land Use iD Bsoswara · Water scarcity ,21.40 · Agriculture and depleting Nel sown al1:a, 4715 · Dairy groundwater, · Minor minerals thereby leading AgriUse.l.17 production to very low Darren lind un~ul!nmble. 1130 · Fisheries irrigation as P'clll1ll.m:nlplistures · Forest-related activities compared to the lind gllllJng Iand.147 like making of bamboo net sown area Mls~Tn:eslind based moodas, tokris, · Threat to ropes, and so on. groundwater Other fo.Uow [and, due to Banswara 7U5 unplanned extraction 1. 22.4 % forest cover · Air pollution 2. Groundwater table in semi-critical stage resulting from mi 3. Major irrigation source: canals activities 4. Wheat, maize, rice, gram and sugarcane are · Low nitrogen in the main crops soil 5. Very high livestock density (3.98 · Pressure on ACU 27 /ha) forests % Lmd l4e in Bbeel"'IlJ'a Forest 1. Agriculture 1. Ummed Sagar Non Agn Use 71% 2. Dairy lake pollution 3. Industrial activities 2. Low nitrogen in Barren lind unculturable 4. Mining activities soil 137% 3. Saline and alkaline soil Pcnnancnt Current fallow pastures lind 4. Water scarcity laoJ 34% graZIng land and depleting 115% Other fallow land groundwater 52'% leading to low irrigation as 121:1% compared to net sown area 1. Poor forest cover 5. Pollution from 2. Groundwater in critical! overexploited Industries category 6. Poor forest 3. Ma'or source of irri ation: well!tube well cover 27 Adult Cattle Unit (ACU) is the number of cattle per hectare of grazing land. For the calculation purpose, 1 cattle = 1 buffalo=O.2 goat or sheep. This is calculated by dividing the total number of cattles (converting goat/sheep into adult cattle unit) by total available grazing land (including total forest cover, barren and unculturable land, permanent pastures and grazing land, culturable wasteland, other fallow land and current fallow land. while grazing is not permitted in protected areas (national parks and wildlife sanctuaries), in the calculation of land available for grazing, all forest land (protected areas and otherwise) has been included to facilitate an estimate of grazing pressure. 49 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' District Environmental overview Livelihood activities Environmental issues 4. Jowar, maize, wheat, barley, gram and other 7. Non-availability pulses are main crops of green fodder in 5. High livestock density (2.06 ACUlha) summer I. Limited agricultural produce 1. Severe water % Land Use in Bikaner such as bajra, gram, pulses scarcity Barren and unculturable and wheat 2. Desert soil with OOo/u 2. Goat farming very low nitrogen 3. Mining activities does not support Nel sov.n area 4. Tourism agricultural 3R.::r/Q 5. Industrial activities activities MlScTreesand garden 3. Very poor 0.1% rainfall Cultumble 4. Very poor forest wliSieland 272% cover Bikaner 5. Low availability of green fodder 10.4% 6. Air pollution due to mining 1. Negligible forest cover 2. Groundwater in overexploited category 3. Major source of irrigation is canals 4. Bajra, Wheat, gram, rapeseed and mustard are the main crops 5. Mineral resources 1. Good forest cover 1. Agriculture 1. Groundwater 2. Groundwater in critical and overexploited 2. Mining activities salinity category 3. Forest-related activities 2. Over 3. Major source of irrigation: canals and 4. Goat farming exploitation of tubewells 5. Dairy groundwater and 4. Major crops grown are maize, wheat, rice, poor irrigation rapeseed, mustard, and sugarcane 3. Alkaline soils 5. Availability of mineral resources 4. Air pollution 6. Houses Ramgarh Vishdhari WLS, Jawahar due to mining Sagar WLS and National Chambal WLS 5. Poor availability 7. High livestock density (2.03 ACU/ha) of fodder "/11 Land (;n in BUDdJ Bundi Nel \ololt'flarea 416% OJneJllulllowlaad 2.'>', 50 Review of Environmental Status of the Project Area District Environmental overview Livelihood activities Environmental issues 1. Agriculture 1. Industrial 2. Dairy pollution 3. Industrial activities 2. Low nitrogen in 4. Tourism soil 5. Mining 3. Poor irrigation Non Agri Use ur'!. 6. Forest-related non timber due to water products scarcity Barren and 4. Unplanned 8.5% extraction of Pennancnl groundwater pastures and Cum:nl fallow gm..mg land 5. Air pollution land - - - - - '..... lJ% 8.7"/ .. due to mining Chittorgarh Otber fallow land Cultursblc garden 2.2% \\1)sldand .. 000/ 13.2% l. Forest cover: 19% 2. Groundwater in overexploited category 3. Major source of irrigation is tubewell 4. Major crops grown are wheat, maize, jowar, gram, pulses and sesamum 5. High livestock density (2.29 ACUlha) 6. Houses Bhensroad, lawahar Sagar and Bassi WLS 1. Almost no forest cover 2. Groundwater in over exploited category 1. Dairy 1. Desert soil 3. Major source of irrigation is tubewells 2. Goat farming 2. Almost no forest 4. Major crops are bajra, gram, rapeseed, and 3. Agriculture cover mustard 3. Very poor 5. Very high livestock density (4.13 ACU as rainfall and severe against the recommended level of 0.4 ACU) water scarcity leading to low Dllm:n and irrigation ( 4.6 % Non AgriU~e 4.6% "\ P<:mIIln<:nt ,. andgmlingiand p!l.~lure~ of sown area is Forest \ Churu o5~/. 27'. MIs': Trees lind irrigated) P.llrdl!J1 4. Depleting 000" groundwater due to unplanned (.\Jllut1lbl<: wtt~tela!lC 01\. extraction ()\hef~!Ic~llIlId 5. Soil very low in 31·0 nitrogen 6. Non-availability ("urN,,! f.I.l,)wland of green fodder in OQ"" summer 1. Poor forest cover 1. Dairy activities 1. Fluoride 2. Groundwater in overexploited category 2. Goat farming contamination of 3. Major source of irrigation: tubewells/wells 3. Stone cutting and carving groundwater 4. Crops cultivated: bajra, wheat, barley, lentil, 4. Agriculture 2. Fast depleting rapeseed, and mustard groundwater ( has 5. Very high livestock density (5.42 ACUlha) reached the over Dausa exploited category) 3. Mining induced air pollution 4. Poor forest cover 5. Alkaline and 51 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' District Environmental overview Livelihood activities Environmental issues saline soil 6. Poor availability of green fodder Net sown area 629% ()foer fallow land H~% 53% 1. Agriculture 1. Soil low in 1. Only 9% forest cover 2. Dairy activities nitrogen 2. Groundwater is in critical/over exploited 3. Mining activities 2. Alkaline and category saline soil 3. Major source of irrigation is tubewells 3. Mining-induced 4. Crops cultivated: bajra, wheat, rapeseed, air pollution and mustard 4. Unplanned 5. High livestock density (2.84 ACU/ha) extraction of 6. Houses four wildlife sanctuaries: National groundwater, and Chambal, Ramsagar, Vanvihar, and thereby depleting Kesarbagh groundwater Dholpur f'emwmefll postures "...".-- md,!lrazingland 5,9"/iI Cuml1llf&lfD",\and 39"1. MlscTreell and garden D.ll1urable wu!elanllJ'l'4 36% I. 16 % forest cover 1. Agriculture I. Water scarcity 2. Groundwater in semi-critical/eritical stage 2. Dairy leading to low 3. Major sources of irrigation are 3. Goat farming irrigation (only tubewells/wells and canals 30% sown area 4. Crops grown: maize, wheat, rice, gram, and irrigated) Dungarpur other pulses 2. Depleting 5. Very High livestock density (3.07 ACU/ha) groundwater table 3. Inadequate availability of een fodder 52 Review of Environmental Status of the Project Area District Environmental overview Livelihood activities Environmental issues % Land Use in Dungarpur 16.1% Net 50wrtsn;a Non AgnUse 33l% 6!1'/1I Curren! fallow land &rrenand 1,6% uncliiturable 18,7".4 Other fa Uow land 9,2% Permanent ,nd CultLirable grazing land Mi.sc Trees and 90"/<) 1. Dairy 1. Low availability 1. Good forest cover 2. Agriculture of grcen fodder in 2. Groundwater in critical/over exploited 7. Goat farming summer category 2. Water scarcity 3. Tubewells are the major source of irrigation 4. Crops grown: maize, wheat 5. High livestock density (2.70 ACU/ha) 6. Houses Darra WLS lhalawar Cunent faBow land J.~. t. Agriculture 1. Soil low in % Land Use in Karauli 2. Dairy nitrogen 3. Mining activities 2. Mining-induced Forest air pollution 34l'/(I Current faUo\\ land 2.7% Karauli Other faUow land Non Agri Usc 2.2% 4.7%~ Culturable Barren and l 2.6% 9.6% grazing land 61% 1. Good forest cover 2. Groundwater in critical/over ex 53 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' District Environmental overview Livelihood activities Environmental issues category 3. Major source of irrigation is tubewells/wells 4. Agriculture: bajra, wheat, rapeseed, and mustard 5. High livestock density (1.82 ACU/ha) 6. Houses Kailadeo WLS 1. Agriculture 1. Groundwater 1. Forest cover is 23% 2. Dairy salinity 2. Groundwater is in over exploited category 3. Mining activities 2. Air (dust) pollution 3. Canals and tubewells are main sources of 4. Industries 3. Industrial air and irrigation water pollution 4. Huge mineral resources 4. A vail ability of 5. Agriculture: jowar, wheat, mustard green fodder 6. Industries: cement 7. High livestock density (2.15 ACU/ha) 8. Houses Jawahar Sagar, National Chambal, and Darra WLS Kota Q.I!T1l'I11 faUowland 19% '-G.JltumbJewU$lelafld Other fallow II.lnd 4J% Z.2~"~ 1. Poor availability Net SQ"n area 1. Agriculture of water leading to % Land Use ill Rajasamnd 22.0'/0 2. Dairy low irrigation (only 3. Goat farming 6.3% of sown area 4. Industrial labour is irrigated) 06% 5. Mining 2. Soil low in nitrogen 3. Poor forest Other fallow land cover :U% 4. Inadequate availability of fodder Rajsamand 5. Air (dust) pollution 1. Poor forest cover (5.4%) 2. Groundwater in critical and over exploited zone 3. Major source of irrigation is tubewells 4. Crops cultivated: maize, wheat, mustard 5. High livestock density (1.75 ACUlha) 6. Houses Kumbhalgarh, Phulwar ki Nali, Tat arh WLSs 54 Review of Environmental Status of the Project Area District Environmental overview Livelihood activities Environmental issues I. Agriculture I. Soil low in I. 16% forest cover 2. Tourism nitrogen 2. Groundwater is in critical/over exploited 3. Dairy 2. Depleting zone 4. Mining groundwater 3. Major source of irrigation is tubewells 3. Air pollution 4. Agriculture: bajra, wheat, gram (mining) 5. High livestock density (2.05 ACU/ha) 4. Poor fodder 6. Houses the famous Ranthambore National availabi lity Park 0/. Land tile In s ..... '\bd\opJr Fore~! Sawai 160". Madhopur Non AgnUse ~ ~./. Nel !OW!lareR 524°/. BIIrrcnand un.;ulrurable 8.2% Pemlllneni p~~lure~ and graZ'll1g land 4.9% Mis~TN Figure 6.2 Line diagram showing the design of a dug-out farm pond seepage leads to an increase in the local groundwater table. This results in an increase in recharge in the surrounding bore wells, which is the main source of water in Rajasthan. Water needs oflivestock (washing, drinking, and so on) can also be met with the construction of such farm ponds. Other benefits include the provision of wage employment to agricultural 102 Proactive environmental sub projects labour, and an added aesthetic beauty to the area along with a sense of security for the villagers, who become aware of the existence of a waterbody in the area, which is both accessible and reliable after the rainy season. Additionally, these ponds check soil erosion in the surrounding areas. 6.2.3.3 Investment required The cost of construction of a farm pond depends on various factors such as rainfall in the region, area of the pond, depth to dig, and resource availability of water i.e., how easily water can be channelled into the pond. Overall the cost varies between Rs 5,000 and Rs 80,000 per pond. For a single farm and for use in irrigating a field with a volume of 10m x 10m x 2m = 200 m3 (200 x 103 L), a cost of Rs. 8000 has been estimated. 6.2.3.4 Case example There are various examples of sound practices in water resource management, and many of them are farm ponds. In the Rajsamand district, nadis or ponds used to serve as the primary source of drinking water. However, due to rapid silting (sand and silt), these structures were rendered unusable. In order to tackle the situation, the Mewar Krishak Vikas Samiti (MKVS) has helped the locals in constructing about 25 nadis over an area of 500 ha in the villages of Lambodi, Gudlia, Kharasan, Hakiawas, and Bhairu Das ka Kheda. Spillways and silt traps were also constructed as supporting structures, which helped in the de-silting and filtration of water before it entered the nadis. The overall cost of construction ranged between Rs. 2500 and Rs 10,000, using material and land that were already owned and were locally available. Another good instance of implementation is from Alwar, where the Tarun Bharat Sangh (TBS) inspired the regenerating and construction of more than 4000 johads (earthen bunds or check dams to conserve rainwater) in 100 villages. The costs involved were borne almost entirely by the villagers. The impacts of this 'catalytic' intervention by the TBS were felt in the form of increased food production, better soil conservation, and increased biomass productivity. Even the Aravari and Ruparel rivers have benefited from this endeavour. 103 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" 6.3 Fodder development 6.3.1 Fodder cultivation 6.3.1.1 Description of practice Proper practices regarding fodder feeding and management are imperative when it comes to productivity and longevity of livestock. Better feeding alone can result in a 30% increase in milk production. Fodder cultivation involves growing plants and crops that would serve as feed for livestock. These plants are termed 'green' fodder and have a much higher nutritional value than dry fodder. Since the green fodder can be mixed with dry straw, it can be rationed. Grasses for fodder include species of hybrid Napier and Guinea grasses. They are known for their high yields, and their new varieties produce good quality fodder. Being perennial and high yielding in nature, these grasses are very useful. Shrubs and smaller trees including Gliricidia, Desmanthus, Leucaena, and Sesbania spp. are rich sources of protein. 6.3.1.2 Advantages of practice The primary advantage of self-cultivation of fodder is independence from markets and self-reliance. Nutritional requirements of ruminants are also met adequately with grown fodder. Fodder crops provide critical elements like highly digestible protein, carbohydrates, fats, and minerals. Green fodder is an important source ofb-carotene. In addition, the nutritional value from green fodder is considerably more cost effective than that from other concentrates and substitutes. Moreover, fodder scarcity can be prevented by storing leftover fodder in the form of silage or hay for the dry season. 104 Proactive environmental sub projects 6.3.1.3 Investment required An approximation suggests that for an average of 100 small ruminants (goat/sheep), 5 acres ofland need to be cultivated for fodder. The cost per season for two acres ofland would be about Rs 3000 for such ruminants. 6.3.2 Fodder enrichment 6.3.2.1 Description of practice The feeding strategy for livestock in dry regions should aim to optimize efficiency of consumption of available feed resources. Adequate diet should be given to the livestock in order to increase production of milk and enhance fertility. Following methods can be adopted for fodder enrichment: · Approximately 2 kg of fertilizer grade urea to be mixed with 10 litres of water and 10 kg of molasses. This mixture should be sprayed over the straw and should be allowed to remain in the sunlight for a few hours. The treated straw can then be fed to animals. · Straw can also be soaked in common salt solution and then dried in the sun. · Straw can be treated with alkaline compounds like ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide mixed with molasses. · Feed corn posed of Prosopis juliflora pods and barley can be offered as feed to goats. In addition, stall feeding can help increase productivity of groups that rear livestock for meat production. In such feeding, animals are given high quality fodder, which makes them healthier and fit for meat production. 6.3.2.2 Advantages of practice Enriched fodder provides essential nutrients to enhance the physiological functioning of the animals and their productivity. After feeding goats with Prosopis juliflora pods and barley, higher conception rates are observed. Moreover, there are fewer chances oflate conceptions, thereby leading to earlier sales and quicker return. Also, it improves milk production and milk fat content. 105 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" 6.3.2.3 Investment required This practice requires investment in purchasing supplements like urea, molasses, ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide to improve quality of fodder. According to the rates provided by Rajasthan Cooperative Dairy Federation (RCDF), the cost of one urea molasses brick is Rs.31 and that of mineral mixture is Rs 825 for 25 kg. 6.3.2.4 Case example BAIF Development Research Foundation, Pune and Natural Resources Institute, UK performed on-farm trials on goats belonging to poor people in Bhilwara and Udaipur districts of Rajasthan. During the dry season, when fodder scarcity is acute, the breeding does were fed a mixture of Prosopis juliflora pods and barley for ten weeks on a daily basis. This mixture is considered a high quality livestock feed containing 17% protein and 20% sugar. It was observed that mature does had higher conception rates. Also, the incidence of twinning was higher, thus producing more kids. Breeding 10 does resulted in three extra kids on an average. The market rate of a newly born kid was around Rs 300, thus leading to a total income of Rs 900. 106 Proactive environmental sub projects 6.3.3 Use of chaff-cutter Figure 6.3 Image of chaff-cutter (left) and the cut fodder product (right) in village Badoli, Dausa, Rajasthan. 6.3.3.1 Description of practice A chaff-cutter is an agricultural instrument for chopping hay or straw into half-inch lengths to be used as food for animals. Fodder cutting involves chopping of fodder, to make it easier to digest and more palatable for the livestock. There are several categories of machines, including hand-operated chaff-cutter machines, cutting machines, agricultural chaff- cutter machines, single-phase chaff-cutter machines, electric chaff-cutter machines and chaff (fodder) cutter machines. 6.3.3.2 Advantages of practice The major advantage of the chaff-cutter is that it permits the fodder to be thoroughly mixed with more nutritive and palatable food, thus preventing the animal from rejecting or wasting any part of it. By using the chaff-cutter, animals are, therefore, fed optimum amounts of fodder with their food, which not only improves the health and nutrition of the stock, but also saves time in feeding. 6.3.3.3 Investment required The investment required for cutting fodder involves purchase of a chaff-cutter and safety gear for safe operation of the machine. Chaff-cutters are available at various price ranges depending on features and ease with which the machine can be used. The average cost of a chaff-cutter would range from Rs 2000 to Rs 6000. 107 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" 6.3.4 Community pasture land development31 6.3.4.1 Description of practice Many rural livestock-keepers tend to be small or marginal farmers (or landless people) who do not have sufficient land to grow fodder crops (the limited land owned by them is used to grow food crops and cash crops). For them, common lands are the main source of forage. Fodder may be either grass (consumed primarily by large ruminants) or tree fodder (consumed mainly by goats) obtained from village pastures and forests. Degradation and loss of pasture land (Charagah) by overgrazing and encroachment is a widespread problem. It is estimated that 60% of Rajasthan's 1.2 million ha of community pasture lands are unproductive due to excessive grazing and heavy soil erosion. Development agencies in Rajasthan have been working to reverse the degradation of these lands by fencing off areas ofCharagah, planting fodder trees and improved fodder grasses and legumes, and applying soil and water conservation measures. 6.3.4.2 Advantages of practice · Improvement in the natural capital of the area, increasing biomass production (for example, grass yields have increased by a factor of2 to 8) and biodiversity. · Support livelihoods of the people who use the biomass resources of the area to be developed: (a) by increasing the flow of natural products that they are able to harvest; and (b) by off- site benefits, such as reduction of any problems cause by soil erosion, and by increased groundwater recharge. 6.3.4.3 Investment required Enclosure and development of charagah requires the granting of a lease for this purpose by the panchayat. These leases are usually for three or five years duration. Apart from the cost ofthe lease, there are costs of constructing the boundary wall and the soil and water conservation structures, and of planting trees and grasses. The costs vary considerably. In 2002 the cost per ha was around Rs. 13785 (for initial works alone not including the cost of the lease and maintenence costs). 6.3.4.4 Case example32 31 Czech Conroy and Viren Lobo. 2002. Silvi-pasture Development and Management on Common Lands in Semi-arid Rajasthan. 32 N.G. Hegde. 2006. Livestock Development for Sustainable Livelihood of Small Farmers. Souvenir of the 39th Annual General Meeting and 48th National Symposium on Energising Rural India. A Challenge to Livestock Industry. Compound Livestock Feed Manufactures Association ofIndia (CLFMA). Manesar, Haryana. August 26, 2006: 50-63. http://ww\\.. baif.org.in 108 Proactive environmental sub projects HAlF Development Research Foundation with the support from Swiss Development Cooperation launched a programme for community pasture development through community involvement at Kavlas in Asind block of Hhilwara district. HAlF motivated the local community to persuade their temple trust to permit the development of the pasture land owned by the Trust. The local communities extended full cooperation including their voluntary labour and HAlF undertook the responsibility of coordinating the project. The programme involved motivation of people, awareness about the need for conserving the pastures, formation of a Pasture Development Committee, survey of the area, fencing of the boundaries, soil and water conservation measures on pasture lands, introduction of forage and shrub species and providing protection. The programme was introduced in a meeting of the Gram Sabha. Initially there was resistance from the landless and small farmers as they felt that their access to common land would be prevented. After identifying the problems, HAlF suggested to the Gram Sabha to nominate their representatives on the Pasture Development Committee. The Committee met regularly to discuss various issues and developed a plan of action, which was shared with the villagers at the Gram Sabha. The work was initiated as per the plan. Fencing on the boundary and soil and water conservation measures provided employment for the landless and small farmers. Greenery was evident a few weeks after sowing oflocal forage seeds. Thus, the villagers took more interest and started asking details about the project. They further demanded reconstitution ofthe Pasture Development Committee, by nominating their own representatives who were close to them. The reconstituted Committee had two members from each of the 10 castes with a Convenor from HAlF. This indicated their interest in the programme. There was complete cooperation from the villagers to provide voluntary labour and protect the pasture from stray animals. The community also participated in collection of forage seeds and harvesting of forage. They also saved some money from the sale of seeds and fodder and established a corpus, needed to maintain the pasture after the project period. HAlF replicated the programme in 15 villages with the support from Sir Dorabji Tata Trust. The Government of Rajasthan provided additional support to replicate this programme in 75 villages under the SGSY Special Programme. Under this programme, there was an investment of Rs.I 0,000-14,000 per ha spread over a period of 3 years which resulted in annual production of grass worth RsA,000-5,000 per ha, demonstrating its economic viability and technical feasibility. 109 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" 6.4 Efficient Irrigation 6.4.1 Drip irrigation 6.4.1.1 Description of practice In Rajasthan, since water levels are going down every year, adopting efficient irrigation practices is a necessity. Drip irrigation is an irrigation technique ""ith efficiency rate of 90% or higher, thus helping in conservation of water, especially in desert regions. In this method, water is supplied slowly and directly to the plant's roots. The two main factors which contribute to its higher efficiency are - a) water gets soaked directly into the soil, thus there is negligible evaporation or run-off; and b) rather than flooding the entire field with water, it is only applied to the roots of plants, where it is needed the most. 6.4.1.2 Advantages of practice Drip irrigation can reap rich returns by using minimum quantity of water. It improves the irrigation uniformity on the field, as well as the crop yield. Fertilizers can be directly applied to the root system, thereby reducing leaching losses. 6.4.1.3 Investment required The cost of drip irrigation systems is approximately Rs 100,000. Hence, it is not an affordable option for a small- scale farmer. However, the state government also helps farmers in meeting the cost of installing a drip irrigation system. 6.4.1.4 Case example IDE33 (India)'s Drip irrigation programme was initiated in 1997 to address the irrigation problems of small and marginal farmer families belonging to water-scarce regions of India. Drip irrigation is a water-saving technology, which enables slow and regular application of water directly to the roots of the plants through a network of economically designed plastic pipes and low-discharge emitters. It maximizes crop productivity through increase in the crop yield and also the area for cultivation, and protects the 33 http://www.ide-india.orq/ide/drip.shtml 110 Proactive environmental sub projects environment through conserving soil, water and fertilizer resources, thereby increasing the farmer's income. IDEI has suitably adapted this technology to meet the needs of poor farmer families by making the technology simpler and affordable. As part of this adaptation process, IDEI came out with ADITI (Affordable Drip Irrigation Technology Intervention) in the form of simple and ready-to-use packaged kits that can be broadly classified as bucket kit, drum kit, easy drip, and customized kit. ADITI kits have been designed for a range of crops and are quite suitable for small and marginal farmers of the semi-arid regions of India. Also, these kits are applicable to a wide range of plot sizes varying from 20 sq.m to 1000 sq.m, with prices ranging from Rs 250 to Rs 4000. IDEI-promoted drip irrigation kits cost almost 80% lesser than conventional drip kits. Drip irrigation has been rigorously tested with sericulture farmers in south India, watershed projects in south India, cotton farmers in Madhya Pradesh, vegetable growers and agri-input dealers in Himachal Pradesh, and small farmers and landless women in Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Currently, IDE (India) is promoting drip irrigation kits in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Uttaranchal. 6.4.2 Sprinkler irrigation 6.4.2.1 Description of practice Sprinkler, or overhead irrigation involves water being piped to multiple locations within a field and then distributed via overhead high-pressure sprinklers. This system is also referred to as a solid-net irrigation system. Sprinklers can be classified into rotors and guns. Rotors, as the name suggests, have a rotating mechanism, whereas guns eject the water at a much higher pressure (40-130 PSI). Other types of sprinkler systems include gravity-fed under-tree systems, normal under-tree systems, permanent and small overhead systems, low pressure systems, intermediate pressure systems, and high pressure systems. 6.4.2.2 Advantages of practice Sprinkler irrigation method (SIM) has various advantages. Primarily, it saves up to 50% of water, as compared to the surface irrigation method and increases productivity by approximately 15-25 %. Sprinklers provide efficient coverage of both small and large areas, and are, thus, suitable for use on all types of lands. Since sprinklers with a wide range of pressures 111 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" and discharge capacities are available, the system is also adaptable to nearly all types of irrigable soil (with low or high seepage). The costs of labour are also reduced since irrigation is automatic. The erosion of soil cover (which occurs due to flood and surface irrigation) can be avoided by using sprinklers. 6.4.2.3 Investment required The unit cost of sprinkler irrigation systems depends on the cost of components required for the system. These components include: a) location of the well or water source, b) type of sprinkler, c) discharge (volume and pressure), d) area ofland holding, e) cropping pattern, f) topography and the total head. The overall initial cost of installing a sprinkler irrigation system is greater than other surface irrigation methods. However, the gains in terms of efficient use of water, higher yield and less labour more than make up for the initial high costs. 6.4.2.4 Case example According to Acharyna et. al. (1993), a study using experimental data was carried out in Udaipur on the economic feasibility of 81M for maize and wheat. The results revealed that the average incremental yield in maize and wheat was 4-45% and 6.95% respectively as compared to regular flood irrigation method (FIM). In addition, saving of water due to 81M was 14.48% and 16.89% respectively for maize and wheat. 6.5 Organic farming 6.5.1 Classical composting 6.5.1.1 Description of practice Rajasthan's large livestock population of 49.136 million is a significant source of organic manure in the form of dung. Composting is an efficient way of disposing animal waste. This compost, when used in agricultural fields, increases soil fertility, thereby decreasing dependency on chemical fertilizers. When preparing compost, fresh animal faeces should be dried to reduce moisture content to 55-60%. This can be done by drying 112 Proactive environmental sub projects it naturally under the sun. The material is then piled into a heap and turned over every 3-4 days to allow circulation of air. This leads to aerobic fermentation. The compost with 40-50% moisture is ready in two weeks. Part of this compost is used as manure in agricultural fields, while the rest is kept as 'seed compost' for the next cycle of composting. For this next cycle, a fresh volume of animal dung is added to the seed compost in such a manner that the moisture level does not exceed 55-60%. It is then subjected to aerobic fermentation for two weeks. 6.5.1.2 Advantages of practice Organic manure has the ability to improve soil conditions for producing high yields and good quality crops. Following are the benefits accrued: · Improves growth and physiological activities of plants · Increases water-holding capacity of soil · Plants become more resistant to diseases · It reduces the need for other agricultural inputs · Organic products (fruits, vegetables, pulses, and so on) are free of toxic chemicals and have a high demand in cities 6.5.1.3 Investment required This kind of composting requires no major investment since the input required is waste material from livestock. 6.5.2 Vermkomposting 6.5.2.1 Description of practice Farmers using chemical fertilizers in their fields can switch to vermicompost, which is an environment-friendly as well as cost- effective option to manage waste and increase soil fertility. It is a simple biological process of composting, in which earthworms are used to augment the process of waste decomposition and produce a useful end-product. The time taken for production of vermicompost can take weeks or even months. The materials required to prepare vermicompost are crop residues, vegetable waste, leaflitter and any other biodegradable organic matter. It must be noted that different worm species can be used for wastes with different physico-chemical compositions. The temperature and moisture of waste mixture also playa major role in the composting process. It is recommended that for worms to adapt and multiply, initially, they must be added to a small amount of waste, following which the layers of waste can be gradually increased. This will result in a well-mixed and well- composted end-product. 113 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" 6.5.2.2 Advantages of practice Vermicompost is rich in all essential plant nutrients and helps in increasing plant growth via nutrient enrichment. It also enhances water-holding capacity of the soil. From the farmers' viewpoint, vermicomposting is a cheap, simple, and time- efficient method to convert waste material into high-quality compost. Figure 6.4 Two kinds of vermicompost pits 6.5.2.3 Investment required The cost involved in vermicomposting depends on the quality of the earthworms and type of covering material used. For the initial underground setup, an investment of approximately Rs 2500 per family is required. For the above-ground pit, if plastic container is used then an investment of around Rs 3000-4000 per family is required. However, water is an important input for vermicomposting - the amount of water will depend on the volume of compost and size of pit. Typically, about 5.7-8.51itres of water would be needed for approximately 1.8-2.7 kg of bedding. 114 Proactive environmental sub projects 6.5.2.4 Case example There are many successful examples of vermicomposting in India. In Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan), Subodh Singh Meena s~t up a vermicomposting activity in his farm. It turned out to be a huge success. Every kilo of compost Meena harvests, at a cost of about Rs 7, is sold at Rs 40 per kg in cities. The fertile compost from earthworms is also sold to nearby villagers. Not only has the productivity of the crops increased but also the shelf-life of vegetables and fruits improved after using this manure. 6.6 Renewable energy 6.6.1 Biogas plant 6.6.1.1 Description of practice Rajasthan has abundant energy requirement. However, the state's rural population chooses to use conventional sources of energy such as burning firewood and cattle manure (kande). Since generation of organic waste from activities like cattle rearing and farming is high, this waste can be easily converted into a renewable source of energy. Biogas is a clean and efficient fuel. It is produced from cattle dung, human excreta, and other organic matter in a sealed biogas plant through a process called 'digestion'. Biogas typically comprises about 60% methane (a highly inflammable gas) and 40% carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen and water. A sample design for a biogas plant is provided in Figure 6.5. It consists of an inlet leading to a large underground tank (- 1-6 m3 in volume) for storing and 'digesting' organic matter. As the gas is produced, it rises and escapes into a second, smaller tank (overflow tank) from where it can be released and regulated as required. Certain technical details must be kept in mind when constructing such a tank. Most importantly, there should be no leakage in the tank or pipes. For this reason, metallic tanks and pipes must be avoided and concrete ones should be used instead. This also eliminates the possibility of rust destroying the piping system. 115 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood ~SCO."'1Ion Figure 6.5 Design of a biogas plant 6.6.2 Advantages of practice It is a zero-waste technology because its by-products like biogas and digested slurry can all be utilized. The stored methane or biogas can be used for multiple tasks such as cooking, lighting of gas lamps, and can also replace diesel by up to 80% in duel fuel engines. The digested slurry, which is rich in nitrogen, phosphorous, potash, and humus, is used as manure in agriculture and horticulture. 6.6.3 Investment required Overall investment will include costs incurred on a gas holder and frame, piping and a stove for cooking; and the basic engineering costs on construction of the tank, inlet, and outlet. All these would amount to a total expense of Rs 5000 to Rs 10,000. 6.6.4 Case example Prakratik Society, an NGO based in Sawai Madhopur, Rajasthan, has installed around 250 biogas digesters in villages on the outskirts of Ranthambore National Park. Earlier, villagers used to extract fuelwood from inside the park boundary in an illegal manner, thereby adversely affecting the park's trees. Now, after the setting of biogas digesters, villagers make use of cattle dung to generate biogas, which reduces their dependence on fue1wood. It was estimated that a family of six saves approximately 2-4 tonnes of fuelwood per year, after installing the digester. Around 600 tonnes of wood per year was saved after installing the 250 biogas digesters. The total cost of installing a biogas plant is approximately Rs 5000, out of which villagers contributed to the tune of Rs 1000. 116 Proactive environmental sub projects Figure 6.6 Biogas installation in village Padli, near Ranthambore (left); and cooking using biogas in village Chauhanas Vas near Ranthambore (right) 6.7 Expertise There are several organizations with expertise in: water, agriculture, natural resource management, and community management of common property resources; knowledge sharing and information dissemination; development of non-farm livelihoods, and policy. Since there are numerous such institutions in Rajasthan, the following list does not attempt to be comprehensive, but represents the range of approaches taking place in the state. Organizations are listed according to their relevance to the RRLP. Table 6.3 List of organizations experts in the implemen~ation of proactive subprojects SI. No. Name Type Location Area of expertise 1. Barefoot Academic and Tilonia-3058 16, Rainwater College research institute Village: Madanganj harvesting, capacity District: Ajmer, building, knowledge Rajasthan, India dissemination, solar Email: bunker_roy@yahoo.com and technology barefootcollege@gmail.com 2. Wells for India Non-government 1135, Sector No. 4, Hiran Magri, Rainwater organization Udaipur-313002 harvesting Rajasthan, India Tel: + 912942464617 and 2464618 Mob: 09828043406 3. M RMorarka- . Not-for-profit Vatika Road, Off Tonk Road, Rainwater GDC Rural i voluntary Jaipur-303905 harvesting Research organization Tel.: 0141-2771100, 2771101 Foundation Fax:01412770031 (MRRF) Email: info@morarkango.com 117 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" SI. No. Name Type Location Area of expertise 4. HUMANA- International non- Community Development Project Rainwater People-to- government Alwar harvesting people organization Opp. of the Karan Singh Yadav (MP) movement Residence Sri Krishna Colony, Behror Dist. Alwar, Rajasthan, India Tel.:- 01494-512061 Community Development Project Virat Nagar Clo Kanhaia Lal Pansari Virat Nagar, Jaipur Rajasthan, India Tel.:- 01422-234240 Community Development Project Dausa Behind Manpasand Hotel Thodi ka Bas, Mandawar- Mahuwa Dist- Dausa, Rajasthan, India Tel.:- 07461-260643 5. Association for Non-government Patel Bhawan, HCM RIPA, Rainwater Rural organization Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg, harvesting, policy Advancement Jaipur - 302017 research, health, through Rajasthan, India NRM Voluntary Action and Local Involvement (ARAVALI) 6. Mewar Non-government Village and Post Office - Lambodi Rainwater Krishak Vikas organization Village- Charbhuja harvesting Samiti Rajsamand Dist. -313333 (MKVS) Rajasthan, India 7. Tarun Bharat Non- government Tarun Ashram, Bheekampura- Kishori Rainwater Sangh organization Thanagazi, Alwar- 22, Rajasthan, harvesting, India agriculture Tel.: 01465 - 225043 8. Jal Bhagirathi Non-government D-66 (B), Sawai Madho Singh Road, Rainwater Foundation organization Jaipur 302 016, India harvesting Email: jal@jalhhagirathLorg, Tel.: 91-141-2280964,4025119 Fax: 91-141-40251 19 9. Seva Mandir Non- government Old Fatehpura Rainwater organization Udaipur - 313004 harvesting, Rajasthan, India agriculture, natural Tel: +91 2942450960/24510411 resource 2452001 management, Fax: +91 2942450947 regeneration of i Email: in fo@sevamandir.org pasture land smandir@bom4.vsnl.netin 118 Proactive environmental sub projects SI. No. Name Type Location Area of expertise 10. Sustainable Non-government Email: Rainwater Innovations organization info@sustainableinnovations.us harvesting Website: www.sustainableinnovations.us II. BAIF Non-profit public Dr Manibhai Desai Nagar, Warje, Fodder management Development charitable trust Pune-411058 Research Tel: 91 - 20 - 25231661 Foundation Fax: 91 - 20 - 25231662 E-mail: baif@vsnl.com 12. Irrigation Government Dadabadi, Kota (Rajasthan) - 324009 Irrigation practices Management organization Tel: 0744-500682, 500642, 500970, & Training 500190 Institute Fax:0744-427029 Email: dirimti@jpl.dot.net.in 13. International Not-for-profit C 5143, Safdarjang Development Area Irrigation practices Development enterprise (l st and 2nd Floor) Enterprises New Delhi - 110016 14. Krishi Vigyan Government VIP Tankarda, Chomu Dist. Agriculture, NRM Kendra organization Jaipur- 303702 Tel. 01423- 235133 Fax: 0141- 2332874 15. Rajasthan Voluntary Tonk Road, Durgapura Livestock, Gosewa Sangh Association Jaipur - 302 018 composting Telephone / Fax: +91-0141 - 254 5954, 254 9903 ,255 1310 16. Action for Not-for-profit Mr P K Dutta, Unit Manager, AFPRO Agriculture, NRM, Food enterprise Field Unit III, Udaipur livestock, capacity Production building (AFPRO) 1185, Hiran Magri Sector 11, Udaipur - 313002 Rajasthan Phone: 91-294-2583506 Fax: 91-294-2489109 Email: afu03@afpro.org afproraj@sancharnet.in 17. Central Arid Government Central Arid Zone Research Institute Agriculture, forests Zone Research organization Jodhpur - 342003, Rajasthan Institute Phone +91 291 2786584, (CAZRI) Fax: +91 291 2788706 18. Foundation for NGO Post Box No. 29, At: Jehangirpura, JFM, pasture land Ecological P.O.Gopalpura, Vadod - 388370 development, Security (FES) Dist. Anand capacity building Gujarat Tel : 02692-261303 (0),261417 (R) Fax: 02692-262087 /262196 19. National Bank Government National Bank for Agriculture and Agriculture, NRM, for Agriculture organization Rural Development, water shed and Rural Rajasthan (Jaipur) development Development Shri K Muralidhar Rao (NABARD) Chief General Manager 119 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" SI. No. Name Type : Location Area of expertise Rajasthan Regional Office 3, Nehru Place, Tonk Road Post Box No. 104 Jaipur 302015 I Tel: (91) 01412740821 Fax: (91) 0141 2742161 I Email: jaipur@nabard.org I Rciferences: 1. Acharyna M S, Singh J, Gupta, A P, Singh A K. 1993. Economic Analysis of Sprinkler Irrigation in Southern Rajasthan. In Sprinkler and Drip Irrigation Systems, Central Board ofIrrigation and Power (CBIP 1993). New Delhi. PP·74-76. 2. Conroy C, Rangnekar D V, Sharma M, Vadher, M.H. 2000. Use of a Prosopis juliflora podsfbarley supplement to improve the reproductive performance of does. In: Proc, VII Int.ConJ.Goats 2. Pp. 986-987. 3. Mohan et al. 2004. Development of safer fodder-cutter machines: a case study from north India. Safety Science 42: 43-45. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. CHAPTER 7 Environmental Management Framework (EMF) 7.1 Need and objectives of the EMF With the development objective, "to increase and sustain income of poor, especially women, in select districts of Rajasthan", the RRLP focuses on supporting several income- generating activities ranging from the SHG level to a larger level of operations in 17 selected districts of southern and eastern Rajasthan. As per the Census (2001), nearly 76% of the population of Rajasthan resides in rural areas, where livelihoods mainly depend upon agriculture/dairy and related activities. The state is situated in the western part of India, which faces severe water scarcity, poor rainfall and is classified as arid/ semi-arid region. On the basis of climatic conditions and agricultural practices, Rajasthan has been divided into 10 agro- climatic zones, each one having characteristic environmental settings that support specific livelihood activities. Further, these poor rural communities are highly vulnerable to climate change because most of the livelihood activities are directly dependent on natural resources. Since RRLP's strategy includes promotion oflivelihood support activities at larger level of operations as well, the activities may impact the natural resources and overall environmental health of the project districts. Hence, it is imperative to develop an Environmental Management Framework to address the likely adverse impacts ofthe promoted livelihood activities (individual or cumulative) and their prevention/mitigation. The EMF essentially lays down a set of procedures and guidellnes to deal with adverse impacts of any supported livelihood activity. The specific objectives of the EMF are: 1. To ensure that all promoted/supported activities meet the regulatory requirements (laws and regulations of the governments of Rajasthan and India, as well as the safeguard policies of the World Bank) 2. To mitigate any possible adverse environmental impacts of the proposed activities 3. To enhance any likely environmental benefits of the activities 4. To promote environment-friendly livelihood projects 5. To build capacity of the community institutions as well as the RRLP- project functionaries to enable them to efficiently implement the provisions of the EMF. 121 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" 7.2 Scope of the EMF The proposed RRLP project has five components: 1. Institution building and social empowerment 2. Community investment support 3. Skill development and employment promotion 4. Climate change adaptation 5. Project implementation support The developed EMF is directly applicable to two components ofRRLP, namely, community investment support and climate change adaptation. The activities under the other three components will support its implementation. 7.3 Approach towards the EMF development The Environmental Management Framework for RRLP has been developed based on the review of the EMF of DPIP-I, learnings from the EMF of DPIP-I, strengthening of the EMF for RRLP (DPIP- Phase II), and stakeholder consultations. Details of the same are furnished in this section. 7.3.1 Review of EMF of DPIP-I The civil engineering department of the Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT) was appointed as the environment agency for the full duration of the project. The EMF of DPIP phase-lis summarized in the following subsections. Environmental appraisal: The environmental appraisal in the EMF of the DPIP phase-I required that each SUbproject (implemented by Common Interest Groups or CIGs) be appraised in two steps, namely, screening and assessment. The assessment level was further subdivided into three possible categories-first of which requires minimum environmental review (ER), the second category requires medium level impact assessment (Limited Environment Assessment, or LEA), while the third category entails detailed environment assessment. MNIT developed a list of potential impacts and mitigation guidelines for 25 activities identified as requiring ER; and over 10 activities requiring LEA. The field teams were responsible to screen every subproject using a system of numeric scoring. The scoring system was revised at a later stage after it caused field teams 122 Environmental Management Framework (EMF) to underestimate the environmental impacts and avoid LEA. MNIT also conducted the detailed assessment of the third category of subprojects. Monitoring of EMF implementation: Environmental monitoring of a sample of subprojects was conducted by the external agency (MNIT) at regular six monthly intervals. Training on EMF: MNIT organized intensive training at the state level for key NGO personnel. It also provided training inputs to community facilitators (CFs) at the state and district levels. External audits: Two externals audits were conducted in the EMF during the project. Overall, a sound EMF was planned under DPIP phase-I. However, most of the responsibilities of ensuring implementation of EMF were given to the MNIT. 7.3.2 Learning from EMF of DPIP-I: The EMF of DPIP phase-I facilitated improvement of the environment and benefited livelihood activities. The following section outlines the lessons learnt from the EMF of DPIP phase-I. 1. The major activity taken up by CIGs in DPIP-I was animal husbandry. As part of the EMF, purchase of superior breeds of buffaloes was promoted, which led to increased stall feeding as well as an increase in income of the engaged CIGs. Also, the number of goatery subprojects declined over time, due to increased awareness among beneficiaries about the adverse environmental impacts of such initiatives. 2. As nearly 12% ofthe sanctioned SUbprojects in DPIP phase-I was involved in extraction of groundwater, the EMF paid greater attention to sustainable use of water. Several water resource augmentation projects were encouraged (like tanka formation, watershed development, Kund bagwani, and so on). Kund bagwani, a proactive environmental subproject was promoted in the western district of Churu, and had positive impacts. 3. Few environmental subprojects were also implemented during DPIP phase-I. However, these were not an integral part of the EMF. Promotion of these interventions helped in demonstration of environment-friendly technologies. The interventions included construction of rainwater harvesting structures, development of degraded forestland and a deflouridation programme. 4. The EMF provided guidelines for planning, design, and construction of anicuts and check dams that helped 123 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" communities to efficiently implement these subprojects. 5. Regular internal monitoring also helped in identifying any emerging cumulative impact of any subproject and recommending the necessary mitigation measures. Overall, the EMF provided technical inputs, guidelines, and support for implementation of subprojects in a sustainable manner, which assisted the beneficiaries in minimizing/preventing any environmental degradation without adversely affecting livelihood activities. The process-related experience from the EMF of DPIP-I reveals that lack of coordination between SPMU and MNIT affected the overall implementation of the EMF. The proposed staff for effective EMF implementation was procured at a later stage of the project, which affected effective implementation. While valuable technical inputs were received from the MNIT, monitoring of environmental management was not internalized by the project functionaries. 7.3.3 Strengthening of EMF of RRLP-II The following main features have been incorporated to strengthen the EMF of DPIP-I: 1. The state and district environment officers have been entrusted with the responsibility to ensure effective implementation of the EMF. 2. Integration of environmental aspects into livelihood planning: A village-level natural resource assessment tool has been developed to facilitate the integration of environmental issues into the livelihood plan development process. 3. Simplification of the environmental appraisal process: Environmental appraisal of livelihood plans by the PITs has been made a single-step process. Screening of the livelihood activities likely to be taken up by SHGs was conducted as part of this study and a pre-classified list of activities is available. The PFTs need to use the appropriate environmental guidelines, and fIll the environment appraisal summary sheet. The environmental guidelines (EGs) indicate suggested mitigation measures that can be taken up by individual SHG members, by the SHG as a group or by the CDO at the village level. 4. Assessment of cumulative impacts: A detailed plan and tool for internal monitoring have been designed to assess the implementation of mitigation measures. The 124 Environmental Management Framework (EMF) tool is built into the monitoring exercise and can capture any emerging cumulative impact at the village environment level. 5. Common safety guidelines have been prepared for the activities categorized as those having negligible impact 6. Proactive environmental management: The EMF also details out a strategy to promote environment-friendly activities/practices in the RRLP. 7. Internal monitoring and external audit: Regular monitoring would be carried out by RRLP staffs (state, district environment coordinators, PFT) and independent external audit would be carried out twice during the project duration. 7.3.4. Stakeholder consultation The key stakeholders, including SHGs, federations, NGOs, and line departments were consulted for the preparation of the Environmental Management Framework. Overall three levels of consultation with the stakeholders were held: Field consultation: The key stakeholder consultations involved Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) .vith identified stakeholders, who were mainly the SHG/CIG members of seven districts. In addition to the above mentioned tools, open informal interviews were conducted with stakeholders during the course of the study. Consultation meetings: Consultation meetings were held with the NGOs, research institutes, and the federation to elicit their comments and suggestions on the structure of the EMF. These included interactive session with SRIJAN, PRADAN, Saheli Samiti, Jaipur Zilla Vikas Parishad, and MNIT. Consultation workshops: Two multi-stakeholder workshops were conducted at Jaipur and Sawai Madhopur where representatives from inline departments, research and academic institutes, NGOs, federations, and SHGs were invited to provide their feedback and suggestions on the draft EMF. 7.4 Components of the EMF As mentioned above, the EMF comprises a set of procedures to assess any activity from an environmental viewpoint, approve the same, and regularly monitor the adoption of preventive/mitigation measures. The following sections provide details on various components of the EMF. 125 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" 7.4.1 Environmental management toolkit Integration of environmental perspective into livelihood planning Collection of information on environment at the village level Basic information on environment, specifically related to water resources, land use, forest, soil characteristics, availability of fodder resources, availability of community pastureland, agriculture-related information such as cropping pattern, major crops, information on livestock and so on may be collected through a participatory rural exercise (PRA). This exercise will be conducted during the initial phase of the formulation of the SHG livelihood plan. The PRA will be conducted with the SHG community by a team of facilitators, including members from the Cluster Development Organization (CDO), community resource persons (CRPs) and paraworkers during the livelihood plan development. Annexure 5 provides a format to conduct village-level natural resource assessment. The information collated from this PRA activity will be useful for 1. Environmental assessment of any proposed activity 2. Assessing the cumulative impact of any activity 3. Allocating the village infrastructure investment fund for required investments at the community level 4. Identification of interventions for proactive environmental subprojects and climate change adaptation initiatives 5. Help during internal monitoring and evaluation Environmental assessment . The environmental assessment is to be conducted for all activities supported under community investment and climate change adaptation support. Assessment for the activities under climate change adaptation initiatives will be undertaken as part of the preparatory process for activities under this component. The overall applicability of EMF for various RRLP funds is shown in Table 7.1. 126 Environmental Management Framework (EMF) Table 7.1 EMF requirements for various funds under the RRLP for community institutions S.No. Name offund Loan amount Objective Managed by Utilized EMF (INR) by applicability (Yes/No) 1 SHG Startup Rs 15,000 per To help stabilize the SHG DPMU-PFT SHG No Seed Fund SHG by enabl ing it to meet the urgent requirements of its members (mostly used for consumption needs) 2 SHG Livelihood Rs 1,15,000 per To help SHG members in DPMU-PFT SHG Yes Fund SHG investing in their livelihoods 3 COO Utthan Rs 50,000 per To help cluster DPMU-PFT CDO Yes Sansthan Fund CDO organizations invest in common infrastructure that is directly related to livelihoods 4 Producer Rs. 5,00,000 per To help producer DPMU PO Yes Organization PO organizations meet (PO) Sectoral establishment expenses Fund - and for investing in their Establishment respective value chains Phase 5 Producer Rs. 15,00,000 per To start the proposed DPMU PO Yes Organization PO business Sectoral Fund - Business Strategy Report 5 PFT Area Rs 50,000 per To help in establishing the DPMU PFT No Federation - PFT federation and to build Federation Start up corpus (Source: RRLP PIP, June 2010) The environmental assessment should be conducted as part of the following: · SHG livelihood plan development process for SHGs, cluster development activity plan development process for CDOs, and · Business strategy development process for POs. Assessment for all the proposed activities would comprise the two following steps: Environmental screening All the activities proposed by SHGs, CDOs or producer organizations (SHG livelihood plan, cluster development plan and business plan) go through the screening process. This helps to determine: Compliance with legal and regulatory framework, i.e. whether the activity is permissible and abides by all the legal requirements of the government of Rajasthan, Government of India (Gol) and safeguard policies of the World Bank. 127 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" Necessity for detailed assessment, i.e. whether the activity needs to be forwarded to the DPMU for detailed environmental appraisal in view of greater environmental impacts For checking compliance with the legal and regulatory framework, a 'negative list' of activities has been identified. This is presented in Annexure 3 and contains a list of activities that will not be supported under the RRLP. The SPMU will circulate this list to all DPMUs and PFTs for information. For determining necessity of a detailed appraisal, a categorized list of activities has been developed (Annexure 4), based on the DPIP phase-I experience and the field study. As shown in Annexure 4, most of the SHG-Ievellivelihood activities would belong to either negligible or low impact category, while a few would be in the medium category. For activities in the negligible category, no further appraisal process is required. Most of the cluster development activities are also likely to be in the low impact category. In case the activity to be taken up by the PO is not listed in Annexure 4, screening to determine if detailed appraisal is required would be conducted by the District Environment Coordinator in consultation with the producer organizations' Board of Directors and relevant staff. Environmental appraisal For SHGs' livelihood activities in the low and medium categories, the environmental appraisal would be conducted by the Project Facilitation Team (PFf) in consultation with the Cluster Development Organization (CDO). The SHG members will participate in the appraisal process of their livelihood plans. Each SHG's livelihood plan may include proposals for a single activity to be taken up by all members or mUltiple activities to be taken up by members as individuals or as small groups. In either case, the appraisal process will be conducted for the SHG livelihood plan in consultation with SHG members (Fig 7.1). Environment appraisal will be conducted to: 1. Identify the specific prevention/mitigation measures that will be implemented by each SHG member / SHG leveljCDO levelj producer organizations to prevent/mitigate the 128 Environmental Management Framework (EMF) adverse environmental impacts of the proposed livelihood activity. 2. Assess the requirements of various resources (financial, technical, institutional, and so on) to implement the mitigation measures. 3. Identify the relevant institutes/government departments, which can support the resource requirements for implementation of the mitigation measures. 4. (If required) To revise the budget considering all the above three points. Environmental guidelines (EGs) have been prepared for the 23 select activities, which are likely to be proposed. These EGs are provided in Annexure 6. The EGs includes the following items; 1. Possible environmental impact/damage that may be caused due to the livelihood activity. 2. The mitigation measures which are a set of simple 'Dos' and 'Donts' to be practised by the SHG (at member level, SHG level, and CDO level)/ producer organizations. 3. Since there are many relevant government departments/institutes that promote better environmental practices and support them by providing technical/financial inputs, the prepared EGs also provide guidelines for the convergence of these schemes to implement the mitigation measures. The following table outlines the major schemes for likely convergence. Table 7.2 Potential schemes for convergence SI Scheme Objective Relevant activities No. 1 NREGS (The Mahatma Aims at enhancing the livelihood Farm ponds, farm fencing, Gandhi National Rural security of people in rural areas by land reclamation, nursery Employment Guarantee guaranteeing 100 days of wage plantation, thrashing flour, Scheme) employment in a financial year to a goat and sheep rearing, rural household, whose adult members community cattle shed, volunteer to do unskilled manual work agriculture godown, composting, tanka formation 2 SGSY (Swamjayanti Gram To bring the assisted poor families Minor irrigation, non-farm Swarozgar Yojana) (Swarozgaries) above the poverty line activities, skill by ensuring appreciable sustained level development training of income over a period of time. This objective is being achieved by inter alia organizing the rural poor into Self- Help Groups (SHGs) through the process of social mobilization, their training and capacity building, and provision of income generating assets. 3 PMGSY (Pradhan Mantri To provide connectivity, by way of an Road construction Gramin Sadak Yojana) all-weather road (with necessary culverts and cross-drainage structures, which is operable throughout the year), to the eligible unconnected habitations in the rural areas. 129 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" Annexure 7a provides the common guidelines for safety and health, especially for SHGs involved in non-farm activities like handicrafts. General Environmental Guidelines (GEG) are also provided in Annexure 7b for those activities, for which detailed EGs have not been prepared. While EGs are prepared for selected activities, during implementation, the State Environment Specialist, based on information from the MIS, will identify and prepare similar guidelines for any emerging popular livelihood activity, in consultation with the relevant line departments, academic institutions, and others. In appraisal of the SHG Livelihood Plans, the PFr will hold a detailed discussion with the SHG members and CDO members on the possible impacts of the proposed activity/activities, mitigation measures, feasibility of im plementing these measures, and the support available from relevant departments/institutes to implement the same. This discussion session with the SHG is viewed as a capacity-building exercise as it will build awareness among the SHG members on the environmental management aspects of their livelihood activities. Subsequently, the PFr would fill the Environmental Appraisal Summary Sheet (EASS) (Annexure Sa), The EASS for an SHG Livelihood Plan includes the following: · No. of SHG members interested in the activity · Scale of the activity · Relevant details from a natural resource assessment of village · Mitigation measures the SHG members are interested in adopting · Need for any training, technical assistance, and so on · Legal and regulatory requirement (if any) This summary sheet would enable the PFr/CDO to · Understand the demand for a particular livelihood activity · Identify any emerging cumulative impact and pressure on natural resources · Provide help during the internal monitoring and evaluation process · Identify and Plan the proactive environment pilots Once the PFr fills the summary sheet, the nodal person of the SHG and CDO would be required to sign the form. 130 Environmental Management Framework (EMF) The environmental appraisal for cluster development plan would be facilitated by PIT in consultation with CDO, CRPs and para workers. Once the environment appraisal summary sheet (Annexure 8b) is filled by PIT, the DPMU would approve the same. Most of the producer organization activities would be classified as either medium category (detailed environmental appraisal required) or (a few) in high category, and hence, the primary screening holds mandatory (Fig. 7.2). For the activities categorized as medium level of appraisal, the environmental appraisal would be carried out by DPMU. Subsequently, the DPMU would fill the environmental appraisal summary sheet (EASS) (Annexure 8e). For activities that are categorized under high level of appraisal, a detailed environmental appraisal by an external technical agency is required. The producer organization would bear the cost of such external environment appraisal. The EASS for such activities is provided in Annexure 8d. The overall process of environmental assessment for various proposed activities is depicted in Table 7·3· 131 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" PRA exercise to gauge the SHG members identify the livelihood activity for the natural resources of the preparation of livelihood plan (PFT facilitates the process) Environmental screening village (by PFT, in through negative list and consultation with Ps) categorization of activities ! Environmental Appraisal of Livelihood Plan: By PFT in consultation with CRP, CDO, and paraworkers with participation from SHG members. This must be done after referring to the environmental guidelines I I Environmental appraisal summary sheet filled up by PFT and signed by SHG. Attached to the livelihood plan r Approval by CDO Figure 7.1 Schematic presentation of environmental assessment process for the SHGs' proposed livelihood activities Producer organizations prepare business strategy report (DPMU/SSO facilitate the process) l Screening of the activity by DPMU I I Medium level of impact I Hiah level of limoact: I Environmental appraisal to be oonducted by DPMU. If required, Detailed environmental appraisal to SPMU/State Environment Coordinator needs to be consulted. be conducted by external agency, supported/approved by SPMU. Agreement to adopt mitigation measures and signing of the environmental appraisal summary sheet l Aooroval bv RRLP 132 Environmental Management Framework (EMF) Figure 7.2 Schematic presentation of environmental assessment process for the producer organization's business plan Table 7.3 Process for environmental assessment Activity i Relevant Environmental Signatory to sign Approval by Follow-up document for assessment to be the monitoring environmental conducted by environmental assessment appraisal summary sheet SHG Livelihood 1. Screening list PFT Nodal person of CDO PFT and CDO, Fund of activities SHG DPMU 2. List of activities not to be supported 3. Village-level natural resource assessment sheet 4. Environmental guidelines 5. Environmental appraisal summary sheet CDO Utthan 1. Screening list PFT CDO DPMU PFTand DPMU Sansthan Fund of activities 2. List of activities not to be supported 3. Village-level natural resource assessment sheet 4. Environmental guidelines 5. Environmental appraisal summary sheet Producer 1. Screening list DPMU Representati ve of SPMU DPMU, SPMU Organization of activities PO Sectoral Fund 2. List of activities not to be supported 3. Environmental guidelines 4. Environmental appraisal summary sheet 7.4.2 Promotion of Pilot Proactive Environment subprojects Chapter 6 provides details of a sample of proactive environmental subprojects that may be promoted as part of the RRLP. A PIT may also identify any sUbproject (other than those listed in Chapter 6) as proactive environment subproject. However, the identified project should have the following criteria: 133 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" 1. The project should be directly related to livelihood activities ofSHGs or CDO 2. The project should be feasible in the local environmental conditions 3. The project should have measurable positive impacts on the local environment 4. The project should have scope for sustainability During this process, PFI' would consult SSOs, and if the identified project satisfies the above criteria, a detailed plan for pilot implementation can be prepared. These proactive subprojects may be implemented on a pilot mode (years 2-4) prior to full-scale implementation (year 5) with the following main objectives: o To demonstrate/showcase the feasibility and advantages of sound environmental practices o To identify the type and level of intervention required to promote sound environmental practices in RRLP It is proposed that at least 20% PFI' (approximately two PFI' per district) in each RRLP district will implement the pilot subprojects. A total of six villages (2 PFI' x 3 villages) in each district will observe the pilot scale implementation. The overall strategy is detailed below: · RRLP will identify 3-4 regional Sector Support Organizations who have proven expertise in implementation of environmental management in rural livelihoods (agriculture and water resources, livestock and fodder resources, forest-based livelihoods, and so on). Each SSO will service 4-5 districts and facilitate the implementation of proactive environmental pilots by PFI's (two PFI's per district). Thus, each SSO will work with 8- 10 PFI's. · Each PFI' will identify suitable pilot subprojects and the villages where these would be implemented. This process would be facilitated by the identified SSOs. · After identification, the PFI' and SSO "\\'ill prepare a detailed plan for the implementation of the pilot, in consultation with SHGs/CDOs. 134 Environmental Management Framework (EMF) · The pilot implementation of the proactive projects would achieve the following during the implementation period: o Preparation and training of CRPs o Training of SHGs members and CDOs o Identification of the convergence schemes o Exchange of experience and knowledge sharing across PITs/districts. Identification of levels of intervention required for further scaling up in year 4 such as need for training, technical assistance, IEC materials, and so on. There is no separate fund available to SHGs for implementation of activities under the pilot subprojects. The SHG members will utilize the support available (for loans) from the SHG Livelihood Fund and the CDO Utthan Sansthan Fund for this purpose. However, the cost towards engaging the services of the SSOs and the cost of honorarium for the CRPs has been included in the EMF budget. Annexure 14 provides the detailed term of references (ToRs) for the appointment of SSOs. 7.4.3 Institutional arrangement Successful implementation of the EMF would require involvement of environmental experts at every level, Le. state, district, block, and village levels. Table 7.4 describes the required institutional arrangement, along with the respective roles and responsibilities. Table 7.4 Institutional structure to ensure EMF implementation Overall responsibility Role in successful implementation of EMF State Project Director Overall responsibility for Ensure that sufficient procurement has ensuring implementation of occurred for effective implementation of EMF in the project. EMF. Coordinate with relevant government departments/institutes to ensure their su ort to the EMF's im lementation State Environment Key responsibility towards Key functionary at the state level with Coordinator implementation of EMF overall responsibility for efficient EMF implementation. Ensuring environmental assessment and intcrnal monitoring are conducted in accordance with EMF Ensure that all legal requirements are met Ensure periodical revision and updating of EGs as per requirement. Review the overall rocess of EMF 135 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" Designation Overall responsibility Role in successful implementation of EMF implementation Ensure that external audits are conducted as per the EMF Ensure implementation of pilot proactive environmental subprojects Ensure that all capacity building requirements of the EMF are met. Training Coordinator Integration of EMF Ensure that all capacity-building training/capacity building in requirements of the EMF are integrated all the training programmes into the overall capacity-building strategy Monitoring Integration ofM&E of the Will ensure that M&E for'the Evaluation and EMF implementation into environmental components are conducted Learning (M E & L) overall M&E of the RRLP regularly Coordinator Project Management Integration of EMF into the Ensure that EMF is integral part of the Coordinator overall Project Management overall management framework of the framework RRLP. Sector-specific Development of strategies for Provide support to district and PFT-Ievel experts such as in successful implementation of project functionaries in implementation of agriculture, dairy, EMF mitigation measures in specific sectors like and so on agriculture, livestock, horticulture, and so on. Communication Ensuring IEC activities in Ensure that the [EC activities in EMF Coordinator EMF implementation implementation arc conducted and form an integral part of the overall IEC activities District Level District Project Reviewing and ensuring EMF Ensure implementation of EMF at district Manager implementation at district level level Ensure the coordination among PFTsJCDO and SPMU Facilitate coordination with relevant government departments/institutes District Environment Overall implementation of Ensure that the environmental Coordinator EMF at district level screening/assessment of the business plan proposed by producer organizations is conducted. Ensure all the legal requirements are met. Coordinate with PFT on the training requirement and technical support Conduct half-yearly internal monitoring for all activities in all blocks Identify the need and feasibility of proactive environmental subprojects Ensure implementation of pilot proactive environmental subprojects Block Level PFT Coordinator Ensuring EMF Environmental appraisal of the proposed implementation at the block activities level Collect data at village level for assessment of cumulative environmental impacts. Coordinate support from relevant departments/institutes for training/technical 136 Environmental Management Framework (EMF) Designation Overall responsibility Role in successful implementation of EMF support to SHG members Coordinate with SSOs and CDOs/SHGs on implementation of environmentally proactive subprojects Village Level Cluster Development Participate in environmental appraisal of Organization SHGs' livelihood plans and cluster development plan Participate in implementation of pilot proactive environmental subprojects CRPs and Support to CDO on EMF Provide the necessary input to CDO and paraworkers implementation SHGs during preparation oflivelihood plans, appraisal and implementation of mitigation measures, and in implementation of pilot environmental pr9~c:tive subprojects. 7.4.4 Internal monitoring and evaluation Periodic internal monitoring of the EMF's implementation helps in identifying any gap and helps rectify the same as soon as it is diagnosed. It will also aid in identifying any emerging emironmental issue, which needs to be addressed. Internal monitoring by the District Environment Coordinator should be conducted on a half-yearly basis. Thus, a total of 10 internal monitoring rounds are recommended for the five-year duration of the RRLP. Prior to each monitoring round, the village level assessment report on the cumulative impact would be provided by the CDO to the PFT for review. An indicative format for the assessment of cumulative impact is provided in Annexure 9a-9d for four main activities: dairy, goat/sheep farming, tubewell, and NTFP. Further, Annexures ge and 9f provide the formats for cumulative impact assessment at block level (to be filled by PFT and would be submitted to the District Environment Coordinator) and at district level (to be fllied by the District Environment Coordinator). Similar formats can be developed as per need by the State Environment Coordinator for assessing the cumulative impacts of other livelihood activities. 137 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" The overall strategy to conduct such a monitoring programme ""ill have the following components: 1. Comprehensive desk review of all the information available such as activities taken up under SHG Livelihood Plans, CDO cluster development funds, PO business plans, the village level assessment report on the cumulative impact, and so on. This will help in identifying: o Key environmental issues related to cumulative impacts o Adoption of suggested mitigation measures o Support received through convergence ""ith other government schemes 2. Field visits: The District Environment Coordinator will visit the field to gather on-site information on implementation of EMF in SHGs/CDOs, producer organizations' activities/proactive environment subprojects, and projects under cluster development fund. This will lead to checking if: · Regulatory requirements are met by SHGs/CDOs/ producer organizations. · SHGs members/CDOs/ producer organizations are adopting and implementing the mitigation measures suggested (EGs). · Suggested mitigation measures are efficient in addressing environmental issues · Any unforeseen environmental issue is emerging · Cumulative impact of any set of activities is to be addressed · There is a need for training/capacity building/IEC activity · Implementation of proactive environment subprojects The sample has to be such that a cluster of SHGs and villages is selected for monitoring by the District Environment Manager in consultation with the State Environment Coordinator. In order to compile the representative information for all the main sectors Oike agriculture, dairy, and so on) a sample of 15% of the SHGs needs to be covered in the first year of RRLP. The overall sample size recommended for the internal monitoring and evaluation process is provided in Table 7.5. The size has been arrived at based on figures provided in the PIP on the 138 Environmental Management Framework (EMF) phasing of the RRLP. Further, out of the total number of SHGs visited, at least 30% should be from 'medium' category, and 70% from 'low' category. Further, these visited SHGs/CDOs/producer organizations should be representative of all main sectors (agriculture, dairy, horticulture, and so on). This can be achieved by having 30% agriculture (including irrigation), 30% animal husbandry (including dairy), 20% forest-based activities and 20% remaining subprojects in the selected sample. Table 7.S Sample size recommended for internal monitoring Item Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 6 th 12th 6 th 12th 6 th 12th 6 th 12th 6 th 12th month month month month month month month month month month 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 15% 15% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% (- SHGs (- 380) (- 380) (- (- (-790 (- 790) (- (- 825) (- 825) 550) 550) ) 825) 825) 15% 15% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% CDO (51 ) (51 ) (146) (146) (310) (310) (220) (220) (220) (220) 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% PO (17 (34 (34 (17 PO) (34 PO) (34 PO) PO) PO) PO) Proactive 100% 100% 100% 100 % 100% 100% 100% environmental (102 (102 (102 (102 (102 (102 (102 pilots) pilots) pilots) pilots) pilots) pilots) pilots) subprojects 2. Once the desk review and field visits are over, the District Environmental Coordinator will submit a detailed report to the SPMU. Each monitoring report will contain details of the sampling, Oist of SHGs, CDOs, and producer organizations, and the activities visited), observations of the desk reviews and field visits, analysis, recommendations for action, and a follow-up plan. Annexure 10 provides the format for such a monitoring report, which would be duly filled by the District Environment Coordinator and will be submitted to the State Environment Coordinator. 3. Next, the State Environment Coordinator will prepare a comprehensive state-level report based on all the district reports. Further, if required, the State Environment Coordinator will conduct field visits to a limited sam pIe of the activities, which include proactive environment subprojects, facilities under cluster development investment, and producer organizations. The sample of villages, blocks, and district would be identified by the State Environment Coordinator based on the district evaluation reports. In addition, feedback will be provided by the State Environment Coordinator to the DPMU. The comments of the State Environment 139 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" Coordinator may be incorporated in the overall feedback to be provided to the concerned PFf, CDO, producer organizations, and SHGs by the District Environment Coordinator. Hence, a total of 170 district monitoring reports and 10 state monitoring reports will be prepared during the five-year duration of the RRLP. Outcome of the monitoring and evaluation The regular exercise of internal monitoring and evaluation will help in 1. Identifying good practices 2. Identifying any emerging cumulative impact 3. Identifying the best performing SHGs/CDOs/PO 4. Assessing the progress of proactive environment pilots 5. Strengthening the EMF 7.4.5 External environmental audit Independent external audits should be conducted twice during the project duration-one at the end of the second year and another at the end of the fourth year. An external environment agency should be hired by the SPMU in accordance with the World Bank's procedures for procurement. The overall objectives of such audits would be: 1. To assess the overall effectiveness of the design and implementation of the EMF 2. To assess the level of implementation and overall effectiveness of the mitigation measures 3. To assess the adverse environmental impacts of the project- supported activities (individual, as well as cumulative) 4. To recommend suggestions/changes to further strengthen the EMF The scope of the audit will include: 1. Screening process: its suitability and categorization of subprojects 2. Efficacy of the designed tools for environmental appraisal 140 Environmental Management Framework (EMF) 3. Expertise/capability and understanding of the relevant project staff of the environmental issues 4. Anticipated environmental impacts and suggested mitigation measures 5~ Execution of the suggested mitigation measures 6. Unexpected adverse environmental impacts which might have emerged 7. Review of cumulative impact of a particular sector 8. Initiatives on combating climate change 9. Review of environmentally proactive pilots 10. Efficacy of the internal monitoring and evaluation plan 11. Efficacy of convergence with existing schemes to support environmental mitigation measures 1. Review of the institutional arrangement 2. Review of the effectiveness of the Information Education and Communication (IEC) materials and training programmes 3. Providing the necessary recommendation for strengthening the EMF The detailed methodology to achieve the above objectives is given below: Frequency: Twice during the project, once at the end of 2 nd year and another at the end of the 4th year of RRLP. Methodology: a) Desk review of documents on environmental assessment: SPMU, DPMU, and PFT would provide all the necessary information, internal monitoring reports, and feedback to the agency conducting audit. This will include review of the environmental appraisal process, EGs, environment appraisal summary sheets, district and state internal monitoring reports, strategy for IEC and so on. This will help auditors understand the status of overall EMF implementation. b) Field visits: These will include visits to the sample SHGs/producer organizations to evaluate the effectiveness and adoption of the EMF. The sample should be selected in such a way that it ensures representation of sectorwise subprojects at district/block/SHG/ producer organizations level. The sample to be covered for the external audit would include: Number of districts: 40% of the RRLP district Number of blocks: One block per district Number of SHGs: 2.5% of SHGs across three villages in each block Number of proactive environment subprojects: 100% 141 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" Number of infrastructure created under cluster development investment: 10 % Number of producer organizations: 100 % in each district Further, the sample should be finalized in consultation with the RRLP and the inclusion of all major sectors like agriculture, dairy, forest-based livelihoods, and so on should be ensured. c) Stakeholder consultation: This will include open interviews with the SHGs members, CDOs, producer organizations, relevant staff (PFT, DPMU). The relevant government departments, institutes, academic institutes, research organizations, and SSOs should also be consulted. Time line for audit: The external environmental audit should be completed within three months. 7.4.6 Performance indicators This section details the performance indicators developed to assess the environmental performance ofthe RRLP. These indicators may be integrated into the project MIS to ensure that periodic information is gathered by the PFTs and sent to the DPSU, and finally to the SPMU. The indicators developed are as follows: Environmental outcomes These indicators should be used during the half-yearly internal monitoring, and during external audits. · Number of SHGs undertaking proactive environmental sub-projects · Percentage of SHG livelihood activities, COO activities, and PO business plans undertaking environmental mitigation measures in the monitored sample · Number of village sib locks/districts implementing mitigation measures to address cumulative impacts in the monitored sample Thematic performace indicators: Agriculture: · Number of SHGs implementing sustainable agriculture practices/technologies (lPM, INM, NRM) as a percentage 142 Environmental Management Framework (EMF) of the sample of monitored SHGs who have taken up agriculture activities · Extent of area under sustainable agriculture practices/technologies (integrated or non-chemical pest management; integrated nutrient management; etc.) supported by the project as a percentage of all agricultural area supported by the project · Increase in expenditure on agro-chemicals by households supported by the project (as compared to the pre-project situation and as compared to a control group) Water resources: · Number of SHGs undertaking water conservation measures as a percentage of the sample of monitored SHGs who have taken up irrigation-related activities · Extent of area under water conservation (recharge, harvesting, drip/sprinkler irrigation, etc.) as a percentage of all area that has been brought under tube well irrigation through the project support · Percentage increase in number of tube wells (in sample villages) as a result ofthe tubewells funded through the project support Livestock: · Number of SHGs and COOs undertaking fodder development as a percentage of the monitored sample who have taken up livestock activities · Extent of area under fodder development as part of project supported livestock activities · Percentage increase in number of livestock (in sample villages) as a result of the livestock funded through the project support Occupational health and safety: Number of enterprises with adoption of relevant occupational safety measures (for example, use of mask in stone carving enterprise) · Institutional arrangements and capacity building · Percentage of staff trained in EMF (to total staff) o Percentage of CRPs, paraworkers and cnos trained on EMF o Percentage of districts and PITs with Environment Coordinator. Processes · Number of SHGs, cluster development plans, and producer organizations' livelihood plans that have gone through the specified environmental assessment process · Number of villages/blocks/districts for which assessment of cumulative impacts has been conducted 143 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" · Number of SHGs/producer organizations reviewed as part of the internal monitoring and evaluation 7.4.7 Capacity building Regular capacity-building training programmes need to be conducted to ensure that all the relevant project staff is well equipped with the required technical knowledge, skills, overall awareness, and sensitization on environmental assessment of the livelihood activities, cluster development activities, and PO's business plans for effective implementation of the EMF. Training to SHGs will be provided by the relevant technical experts/institutions like Krishi Vigyan Kendra. Training to PFf, DPMU staff and other relevant staff on the EMF will be provided as part of the overall RRLP induction/orientation training. The responsibility of ensuring the delivery of this training lies with the State Environment Coordinator. Orientation to the EMF to the CDO, CRPs and producer organizations will be provided by the district environment coordinator with support from external experts and the State Environment Coordinator. The entire training will be conducted by the District Environment Coordinator with support from resource person(s) with proven record and expertise. 144 Environmental Management Framework (EMF) The following table provides details about the training programmes that should be conducted; Table 7.6 Training Schedule of EMF Training Goal of the Training schedule/contents Participants When to be code training conducted Tl Orientation on Each training programme will include a PFTs, SPMU, To be conducted as EMF session on the process of EMF SSO,DPMU part of the overall including environmental appraisal, its RRLP induction need, how to mitigate the adverse /orientation training impacts (EGs), convergence with scheme existing schemes, process of consultation and proactive environmental activities Duration: one day Outline of curriculum EMF aspects: · Livelihood and environment links, Common environmental issues in rural areas · Importance of EMF and procedures for the same, integration of environmental aspects into lievelihood planning process · EMF process - Screening, environmental appraisal · Proactive environmental interventions in livelihood activities · Monitoring indicators Thematic aspects: · Livestock and environment: Fodder and water management; Effective use of manure · Agriculture and environment: Safe use of agrochemicals, non- chemcial crop management; · Irrigation efficiency and water conservation; Soil conservation. · Forest produce: Sustainable extraction of non-timber forest produce. 145 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" Training Goal of the Training schedule/contents Participants When to be code training conducted T2 Orientation on Each training programme will include a COO, CRP and To be conducted EMF session on the process of environmental paraworkers as a part of all appraisal, its need, how to mitigate the (Only for those trainings on SHGs' adverse impacts (EGs), convergence individuals who livelihood plan with existing schemes, process of are involved in development consultation facilitation of Duration: one day SHGs' Outline of curriculum livelihood plan) EMF aspects: · Livelihood and environment links, Common environmental issues in rural areas · Importance of EMF and procedures for the same, integration of environmental aspects into lievelihood planning process · EMF process - Screening, environmental appraisal · Proactive environmental interventions in livelihood activities · Monitoring indicators Thematic aspects: · Livestock and environment: Fodder and water management; Effective use of manure · Agriculture and environment: Safe use of agrochemicals, non- chemcial crop management; · Irrigation efficiency and water conservation; Soil conservation. · Forest produce: Sustainable extraction of non-timber forest produce. 146 Environmental Management Framework (EMF) Training Goal of the Training schedule/contents Participants When to be code trainin2 conducted T3 To increase This will include theme-specific skill PFTs/ CRPs/ This may be the enhancement training programme. The CDO/SHGs! conducted at capabilities of content of these training programmes producer district/block /village the project would include hands-on trainings and organizations. level. staff/ exposure visits as well as IEC materials To be delivered One main training beneficiaries and technical information on the by SSOs programme in second on the implementation of these proactive year environmental projects. Two refresher Iy pro-active Duration: three days training programme subprojects in third and fourth year. 147 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" A well-developed IEe strategy is recommended to support capacity-building on EMF under RRLP. The IEe materials may include short manuals/simple guidelines with core themes related to the EMF. For the major livelihood activities Oike dairy and agriculture), and proactive environmental subprojects, development of audio-visual IEe material will be highly effective. Posters and wall paintings may be developed for grassroot level sensitization and awareness generation on environmental impact of relevant subprojects and mitigation measures. These materials can be displayed at DPMU offices, PFT offices, and also during the training programmes. 7.4.8 Budget for the EMF implementation The budget which should be allocated to ensure effective implementation of the EMF is depicted below: Table 7.7 Budget for the EMF Implementation S no Component Details of the Units Amount Total component /llnit Amount (INR) (I:"1R) A. Capacity building (expenditures towards all the training programmes) Tl training programlT!es at district level Costed under overall RRLP Capacity-Building Budget 2 T2 training programmes at block level Costed under overall RRLP Capacity-Building Budget 3 T3 training programmes at district level 70 batches x 6 days 420 10,000 42,00.000 Subtotal A 42,00,000 B. Institutional arrangement (Salaries to the project stafffrom SPMU to PFT level) SPMU - Project Coordinator Cos ted under overall RRLP Institutional Arrangement Budget 2 State Environment Coordinator Cos ted under overall RRLP Institutional Arrangement Budget 3 State HR Coordinator Costed under overall RRLP Institutional Arrangement Budget 4 State Monitoring and Evaluation (M & Costed under overall RRLP Institutional Arrangement Budget E)Coordinator 5 State Project Management Coordinator Costed under overall RRLP Institutional Arrangement Budget 6 State-level sector-specific experts such as Costed under overall RRLP Institutional Arrangement Budget in agriculture. dairy and so on 7 Costed under overall RRLP Institutional Arrangement Budget State Communication Coordinator 8 District Project Manager Costed under overall RRLP Institutional Arrangement Budget 9 District Environment Coordinator Costed under overall RRLP Institutional Arrangement Budget 10 PFT Costed under overall RRLP Institutional Arrangement Budget 148 Environmental Management Framework (EMF) S no Component Details of the Units Amount Total component JUnit Amount (INR) (INR) Subtotal B Nil 10 internal monitoring to be conducted at 10 monitoring x 17 170 20,000 34,00,000 each district during five years ofRRLP districts Sub Total C 34,00,000 D. External Environmental Audits 2 audits in the five 2 20,00,000 40,00,000 years of RRLP duration Subtotal D 40,00,000 E. IEC Activities Printing and distribution oflEC materials 20,00,000 20,00,000 Subtotal E 20,00,000 F. Pilot Proactive Environment Subprojects Regional Sector-Specific Organizations 4 SSOs for 3 years 12 20,00,000 2,40,00,000 (SSO) 3 Training ofSHGs and experience sharing Tota1612 units 612 10,000 61,20,000 including experience GRAND TOTAL 51064000 7.4.9 Timeline for the EMF implementation !Orientation of the project staff of EMF Environmental appraisal and filling of I environment appraisal summary i i sheet 51 Activity No. Environmental appraisal and filling of environment appraisal summary sheet 149 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" 51 Activity No. Environmental appraisal and filling of . environment appraisal summary ! sheet 5 Activity Environmental appraisal and filling of environment appraisal summary sheet Activity Environmental appraisal and filling of environment appraisal summary sheet, environmental and assessment I Internal monitoring and evaluation 150 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' References 1. 50Years Agricultural Statistics of Rajasthan (1956-57 to 2005- 2006),2008. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur 2. Administrative Prativedan, 2008-2009. Department of Forests, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur 3. Breeding Policy in Rajasthan for Cattle and Buffaloes, 2006- 2007. Department of Animal Husbandry, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur 4. Das, P. Cropping pattern (Agricultural and Horticultural) in different zones, their average yields in comparison to national average/critical gaps/reasons identified and yield potentials. Status of Farm Mechanization in India. 5. District Statistical Abstract - Baran, 2004. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur 6. District Statistical Abstract Bikaner, 2005. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur 7. District Statistical Abstract - Bundi, 2004. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, J aipur 8. District Statistical Abstract - Churn, 2005. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur 9. District Statistical Abstract - Dholpur, 2005. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur 10. District Statistical Abstract - Jhalawar, 2005. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, J aipur 11. District Statistical Abstract - Karauli, 2005. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur 12. District Statistical Abstract - Kota, 2003. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur 13. District Statistical Abstract - Rajasamand, 2005. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur 14. District Statistical Abstract - Sawai Madhopur, 2005. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur 15. District Statistical Abstract - Tonk, 2005. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur 16. District Statistical Abstract - Udaipur, 2005. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur 17. District Statistical Abstract -Banswara, 2005. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur 18. District Statistical Abstract -Bhilwara, 2005. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur 19. District Statistical Abstract -Chittorgarh, 2007. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, J aipur 20. District Statistical Abstract -Dausa, 2005. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur 151 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' 21. District Statistical Abstract -Dungarpur,2005. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur 22. Dynamic Ground Water Resources of India, 2006, Central Ground Water Board, Government ofIndia. 23. Economic Review, Rajasthan, 2008-2009. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur 24. Environmental Issues: Lessons Learnt, 2004. District Poverty Initiative Project Rajasthan, Department of Civil Engineering, MNIT, Jaipur 25. Environmental Management Guidelines and Action Plan for SWRPD, 2009. State Water Resources Planning Department, Government of Rajasthan, J aipur 26. Environmental Review, 2001. District Poverty Initiative Project, State Project Management Unit, Government of Rajasthan 27. http://cibrc.nic.in/pestconsum.asp 28. http://rajforest.nic.in/general_intro.htm 29. http://rajwater.gov.in/sprdws.pdf 30. http://www.rajrelief.nic.in/dFreqmap.htm 31. Limited Environmental Assessment, District Poverty Initiative Project, State Project Management Unit, Government of Rajasthan 32. Project Implementation Plan, 2010. Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project, State Project Management Unit, Government of Rajasthan 33. Rajasthan Development Report, 2006. Planning Commission of India. 34. Rajasthan state Forest Policy, 2010. Department of Forests, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur 35. Rajasthan State Livestock Development Policy, 2008. Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairy & Fisheries, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur 36. Report on Annual Survey of Industries, 2004-2005. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur 37. Sengupta, R. 2005. Report on ASM in Rajasthan 38. Singh J., and Agarwal, P. 2007. Rajasthan Microfinance Report. Centre for Microfinance, Naveen Printers, New Delhi. 39. State of Environment Report for Rajasthan, 2007. Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board. J aipur 40. State Water Policy, http://www .rajasthan.gov.in/rajgovresources /actn policies / swp. pdf 41. Statistical Abstract, Rajasthan, 2009. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur 42. Vital Agriculture Statistics, Rajasthan, 2005-2006. Directorate of Agriculture, Directorate of Agriculture, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur. 152 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Annexuret Stakeholder's consultation District: Dausa, Block: Dausa Name of Name of Current Livelihood Environmental Issues Possible future Village SHG/CIG Activity in current activities livelihood option Maheshwara Jagadish CIG Mainly involved in Goat Dairy and goat Interested in dug weI I Kala farming (7-10 goat per farming waste like / bore well which member), dairy ( 1-2 dung has increased the help supply water for buffalo per member) and soi I fertility. The them in irrigation and agriculture. landless peoples, who animal husbandry NAREGA has helped in are involved in goat income. The problem of farming or dairy, sell fodder availability and the dung to the water scarcity should be farmers. addressed in RRLP. Fodder is purchased at Few members also Rs. 100-150 for per involved in agriculture. canopy of a tree. Main Kharif crop is The dung is sold by groundnut and Barley is the members who do major Rabi crop. not have agriculture land at Rs 3000 per trolley which is i generated in about a i ' year. Badoli Ujala CIG Mainly involved in dairy The dung is used as Interested in more activities (1-2 buffalo per manure in farms. As cattlelbuffalo. member). Uses fodder per their opinion farm Would like to chopping machines. production and milk increase horticulture Kitchen garden already production has gone activities if piped exists but all the down. water supply is vegetables are used for provided. domestic purpose only. Only sur plus milk i (morning) is sold. Nangai Govind Asha SHG Mainly involved in Saree nil Would like to take up work. It takes 2-3 days to toy making iftraining prepare one Saree. Net and financial support income is Rs 2000 per are provided. month. Also need better market linkage for the existing Saree work. Tap water supply is one common demand. i Bhakari Durga SHG Mainly involved in panjiri nil Would like to take up which is supplied to the dairy activities. Anganbadi at Rs 34 per Along with cattles, kg. also interested in Also involved in cloth bag fodder chopping making. 100-150 bags are machine. i made per month which is Need water tank to sold at Rs 15-20 per piece. start horticu lture \ activities. 153 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' I Name of Name of Current Livelihood I En~ironmentallssues Possible future Village SHG/CIG Activity in current activities livelihood option Sikandara BajrangCIO All the three CIOs are The major issue is Would also like to Shiv CIO involved in stone air/dust pollution. As initiate joint fruit Oanpati CIO cutting/carving which is a per them after 5-7 cultivation in their successful activity with years of working at village. established market stone cutting, most of linkage. the people suffer from TB, and related lung disease. They need a proper training on . prevention/suppression I I i of stone dust. I District: Dholpur, Block: Baseri Name of Name of Current Livelihood Environmental Possible future Village SHG/CIG Activity Issues in current livelihood option activities Ootekapura Anamika SHO Mainly involved i!1 dairy Suggested that dairy Would like to take up activities (1-3 buffalo per activity has increased sewing if training is member). About 6 litre of soil fertility. provided along with milk is sold per day. Practice the open machine. dumping of dead Also interested in animals near to the opening general village. stores in Village. Need more cattle and fodder chopping machines. ! Hand pumps for I drinking water. Gotekapura Jay Involved in dairy Cow dung is used as Members are Shyamanand activities (2-4 buffalo per mainly manure which interested in papad Baba SHO member). Nearly 70% has increased the soil making. milk is surplus which is fertility. Dung is also Would also like to sold. used for cooking take up zari work if purpose. training is provided. Demand for piped Practices open water supply for the dumping of dead village was . animals. highlighted. I i Mathbaadri Devpuriya Dairy activities (2-4 Depleting Interested in SHO buffalo per member). Sell groundwater, reached horticulture activities app. 10 litre milk per day. to 75 feet. and required training. Dry fodder is purchased at Sewing is also one a rate ofRs 140-150/40 the interested kg in pre monsoon season. livelihood activity. Need more cattlelbuffalo. Demanded water i I I supply for dairy activities. I Mathbaadri Kaila Devi Involved in dairy r Dung larg~ly used as Demanded water SHO activities (2-4 buffalo per manure to mcrease supply for dairy member). I soil fertility. activities. I i Need more cattle. Pipraun Anjali SHO Mainly involved in Dairy i Would like to take up I 154 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Name of Name of I Current Livelihood Environmental Possible future I Village SHG/CIG Activity Issues in current livelihood option activities activity (2-4 buffalo per flour mill, beauty member). Nearly 80% parlour and toffee milk is surplus which is wrapping with sold. financial and I technical support. I Understands the dust pollutlOn related to flour mill operation. Pipraun Jai Kela Mata Dairy activity is pre Expressed need for SHG dominant (3-5 buffalo per fodder machines, member). more cattle and Would like to continue provision for water with same. supply. District: Churu, Block: Churu Name of Name of SHG/CIG Current Livelihood I Environmental Possible future I Village Activity Issues in current livelihood option activities IDS Office, 27. Jeewanmata Involved in goat farming Dung is used Expressed interest Churu 28. Sanjog (10 goat per member), primarily as manure for market linkage 29. Kunnu dairy activity (1-2 vuffalo and also for especially for 30. Saraswati per member), kund cooking purpose. galicha work and 31. Vikas bagwani (by only few Dry/Green Fodder ari tari work. 32. Vishal members), saree work, availability in Expressed need of 33. Satguru aari tari, galicha making. summer is major fodder storage 34. Shanti Area observe only crop in problem. room, and more 35. Bhagwati a year. Groundwater level cattle. 50-80 % milk is surplus. at 150-200 feet. Would like to take Goat farming is more up tent house, success as the demand for sewing activities. water and fodder is less Demand for rain when compared to water harvesting cattle/buffalo rearing. structures like tanks and kund. Ramsara Vinayak SHG Goat farming (- 10-12 Environmental and Need more goat, goat per member), health problem tube well for Bandhej, Aari tari and related to aari taari water supply. sewing are current like solid waste and Market link for activities. extensive pressure aari tari work Earns Rs 1500 in a month on eyes during . by doing aari tari work bandhej work. I on 5-6 Sarees. i Ridkhala Lakshmi SHG Newly started SHG. Interested in goat Mainly involved in intra farming and dairy member loan for activity. domestic/social purpose. Also expressed interest for poultry. Understand well I about the diseases related to poultry, I i I the required 155 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Name of ! Name of SHG/CIG i Current Livelihood Environmental Possible future Village Activity Issues in current livelihood option activities vaccination. Emphasised on the need of water tanks Ridkhala Pitarji SHG Involved in dairy activity Dung is used Would like to start (~ buffalo per member). mainly as manure tent house, Need financial and and also for sewing, spice mill technical support. cooking purpose .. and papad making. Water scarcity is dominant one and need water tankslKund. Jharia Kunnu Involved in kund Soil fertility has none bagwani. Practices use of increased due to use plastic and cow dung to of dung as manure prevent water loss as depicted in picture. Grow mainly water melon, cucumber, brinjal, lemon, kharbooj and also marigold flowers. Collect the water in kund. Use tubewell as water source. Also collect rain water. Sale is Rs 1500 Iday. I ~et income ~ Rs 500-600 er day. ~--~----~-------------- District: Sawai Madhopur, Block: Sawai Madhopur Name of Name of SHG/CIG , Current Livelihood i Environmental I Possible future Village I Activity Issues in current : livelihood option activities Gambhira Ujjwal SHG Newly started SHG. The change in Would like to take Mainly involved in intra cropping pattern up the embroidery, member loan. was observed sewing work and during discussion. general store. The yield of Bajra Understand the has decreased reuse of cloth while yield of pieces. Jowar has Requested training increased. for embroidery Groundwater depth work. has reached to 400 If RRLP provides feet from 60 feet in water tanks and last 10-15 year. cattle then may I start dairy activity I I I as well. 156 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Name of Name of SHG/CIG I Current Livelihood Environmental Issues in current Possible future Village i Activity I activities livelihood option Sawai Ganj 5. Saraswati Involved in general Shift in agriculture Are interested in 6. Tulsi store and music practice has been fancy item shop, 7. Lakshmi instruments. observed. Instead embroidery work 8. leewanrekha of growing Jowar, and milk collection 9. Chetna Bajra, has opted unit. Requires 10. Ekta for mustard. Water fridge/chiller for level has gone milk collection down to 500-600 activity i feet. Also expressed I need for piped i water supply. Chauth ka - Laxmi Mainly involved in There has been in a Are interested to Barwara - Shriyash carpet work, general shift in agriculture start toy shop, - Vaibhavlakshmi stores and bed sheet practices like more general work. The waste cloth Ground nut stores, fancy item pieces are used for bag growing is shop and dairy making. Galicha completely stopped activities. making activity is not in last 10-20 years Expressed need of so successful due to the because of climate ground water involvement of third change. recharge and pond party. General store construction. gives only 10% profit. Takes 4 days to prepare a bed sheet which si sold in Rs 35-40. Karmoda Asha Involved in Kantha Ground water has Requested market work on bed sheet, reached to 450 feet linkage for Kantha general store, and from 110 feet in work. agriculture. Bed sheet last 10-12 years. Would like to take making takes 304 days There is a shift in up dairy activity. per sheet. agriculture practice Expressed need of Carpet making did not also; Groundnut ground water success due to the crop is replaced by recharge and pond involvement of middle Guava garden. construction. party. Also would like to Pickle and sharbat take up Candle making is failure due to making, Incense poor market. Making and sewing. Expressed the need ! for regular drinking water i supply. Mau Luv Kush Involved in dairy Use dung as Are interested in activity. manure. Sugar cane Understand the Decreasing farming for which pollution aspect related community requires generator, to generator. Poor milk pastureland. Gram sugar cane juice production. Only and Jowar machine, crasher morning milk (2-2.5 production is etc. litre) is sold at Rs 20-25 stopped and now Demand for water per litre. Fodder is opts for mustard. tank and bore well. I generalll: grown on own Depleting ground 157 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Name of I Name of SHG/CIG Current Livelihood Environmental Possible future i Village Activity Issues in current livelihood option i activities land and available water is a major throughout year. concern. Groundwater has reached to 200 feet from 30 feet. i I I i 158 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' District: Tonk, Block: Uniara Name of Name of Current Livelihood Environmental Possible future Village SHG/CIG Activity Issues in current livelihood option activities Manharpura Jai Hanuman Largely involved in dairy Use dung as manure Would like start activity and intra member Sugar cane yield has vegetable loan. Fodder is grown in decreased while cultivation. own land and rarely yield of mustard has Understand the seed purchased. increased. certification and Morning surplus milk is climate resi lient sold at Rs 25 !litre crops. Also shown interest in general store, garment shop and sewing. Nursery plantation if training, sprinkler, hybrid seed, polythene bags are provided. Water tank for the water supply. Shahadat Jai Hanuman Involved in dhaba and tent Leftover food is Need for pond Nagar CIG house activity. Uses used as fodder to construction was biomass based stoves to cattle. highlighted during cook food. Smoke coming from consultation. Ten house generates an biomass stoves is a income of Rs 20000 - problem. Improper 30000 per year. wastewater discharge. Groundwater depth has increased from 200 feet to 1000 i feet in last 10 years Sada Goverdhan Engine renting and pipe Air pollution from Interested in soap CIG set selling. Rs 100000 per diesel combustion is making. Understand year are gross income. a problem well the process of , Yields have increased by Ground water has soap making. Also 2-2.5 times. lowered till 500 highlighted the need feet. of pond construction I i Sad a Shree Ram Involved in dairy activity. Use dung as manure Would like to start CIG Milk sold one time a day Fodder is purchased Incense/candle (generally morning) at Rs during summer. making. 25 per litre. Water scarcity is Understand the severe problem. environmental issues related to the above activity. Require training on same. I 159 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Name of Name of Current Livelihood Environmental Possible future Village SHG/CIG Activity Issues in current livelihood option activities Shahadat Ganesh CIG Currently practicing camel Camel dung used as Shown interest goat Nagar cart. It generates Rs 100 manure. farming. per day. Open dumping of Require financial dead animal. assistance for pipe, There is a change in generator, and other agriculture practice; machineries for the mustard has integrated District: Banswara, Block: Ghatol Name of Name of Current Livelihood Environmental Issues Possible future Village SHG/CIG Activity I in current activities livelihood option I Bhuvasa 1. Sharda Involved in bamboo .No impact on forests. Would like to initiate 2. Palwati basket making. It takes 4 Grows bamboos dairy, sewing hours to prepare one specifically for this activity. basket which is sold in Rs purpose Expresses need of 80. The net profit is The left over bamboo hand pumps for around Rs 20. pieces are either drinking water reused of burnt for supply. cooking fueL There has been a shift in agricultural practice like the paddy cultivation is . completely stopped in ! the area. Chanduji Ka Ambedkar Bamboo stool (mooda) Bamboos are Would like to start Garha SHG making. Generally it specifically grown for the rope making and takes a day to make 3 this purpose. own shop. Require mooda which are sold at The groundwater money for the land Rs 150 per piece. The net depth has gone to 70 to open shop and profit is Rs. 60-70. feet from 30 feet in technical assistance last 10 years. Members like rope making i opined that yield for machine. various crops has Highlighted the need decreased. of toilet construction and piped water . supply. Chanduji Ka Meera SHG Bow and arrow maki ng The left over Would like to take Garha {are sold to tribes and fruits/vegetables are up milk chiller they use for hunting provided to cattle (generator also) and purpose). The bow and sewing. arrow are sold at a price Shown concern on ofRs 50 with net profit of poor electricity Rs 15-20. Also undertake supply and need for door to door selling of common water fruits like mango and storage tank. banana. 160 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Name of Name of I Current Livelihood i Environmental Issues Possible future Village SHG/CIG Activity in current activities livelihood option Chanduji Ka Suman SHG Vegetable selling is the The left over Would like to Garha current livelihood fruits/vegetables are durry/carpet making. activity. provided to cattle Along with the training, the need for machineries was also highlighted. Hand pump for the drinking water is a concern. Harodam Santoshi Maa Involved in goat farming. Open dumping of dead Need of veterinary SHG Sells adult goat at Rs animal. Foul is the facilities as goat 1100 and lamb at Rs 500- problem. Goat mortality rate is high 600 for meat purpose. mortality rate is high. Would like to start Groundwater depth vegetable cultivation has gone to 200 feet and need water from 20 feet in last 10- supply for the same. 15 year. Modasale Meghwal Sewing. Own shop. It Leftover pieces of Are keen to take up generates Rs 1000-1500 cloth used for pillow the general store, per month per member. cover and curtain dhaba and vegetable making. cultivation. Piped water supply, toilet and pond construction are highlighted need. Bagron Ka Saawariya Current activity is rope Ground water has . Would like to start Kheda making. Net income is Rs gone to 400 feet from paper plate making, 2000 per month per 40 feet. sewing and soap member. It is a successful making. Few activity. members understand the process of soap making. The water supply to village. The ground water . table has reached to 400 feet from 40 feet. Ghatol Saraswati Spice, pickle and papad Polythene bags are Interested in nursery SHG making are the current used for packing and tree plantation. activity. This activity Air pollution due to Shown interest for generates Rs 700-800 per spice work. the maternity kit. month per member. Understand the Hand packing is being related hygiene practiced. issues. Also highlighted the need of better market linkage especially with schools, anganbadis etc. Ghatol Samdarshi Hide selling. Rs 1000 per I Foul smell is the Would like to open a SHG month per member are concern. proper wholesale earned. Also highlighted the fruit shop. Also involved in fruit I excessive seepage Understand the selling which generates from Mahi dam to adverse impact of 161 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' ! Name of Name of Current Livelihood I Environmental Issues Possible future I Village I SHG/CIG Activity , in current activities livelihood option an income of Rs 4500 per agricultural fields applying chemicals month per member. which sometime spoil on fruits' surface. the crop. Groundwater has reached to 150 feet I from 40 feet. District: Udaipur, Block: Kherwara N ameo f N ameofSHG/CIG C urren t L' rh 00 d lVe I E nVlronmenta P OSSl e f uture I'we I'h 00 d 'bl I Village Activity i Issues in i option current I activities Bhudhar 5. Rekha All the members are Cut pieces of Interested in paper plate 6. Jai Santoshi involved in sewing cloths are used making and Maa activity which to fill pillow etc. incense/candle/spice 7. Bhagyashree generates Rs 800 per Waste threats making. Require technical month per month. are burnt. support/machineries etc. Fodder yield has Emphasized the need of increased. water storage tank. ! Ground water level has , decreased to I 350 feet. Ratampura · Gayatri Maa Buffalo rearing. One Open dumping Are interested in taking up SHG buffalo per member. of the dead spice grinding, daal · Sri Krishna 2 litres of milk in animal near to packing, papad making and SHG morning is sold at Rs river is sewing. 25 per litre. practiced. Toilet and pond Use dung as construction and literacy manure mission for women A vail ability of highlighted during the green fodder is discussion a problem in summer is i purchased at i Rs6-7/kg and I ' dry grass I @RsIO/k~ Ratampura · Pataal Involved in leather Remaining Interested in starting Bahiravi products making like scraps of hides pickle/papadJi ncense/candle SHG purses and key rings. are thrown making. Spice mill is also · Jai Gange No market and only 2 outside. Ground considered as good SHG products sold in last water salinity is livelihood option. Require two years. a problem. training and technical i support like machineries. Need of water storage i .. , facIlity and tollcts for I women. 162 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' ! Name of SHG/CIG I Name of ! i Current Livelihood \ Environmental Activity Issues in Possible future livelihood option Village i i , current activities Kesariyaji Trishila Embroidery work, Waste material pickle/papadlincense/candle Kasida work, bag is used to making, artificial jewellery making, and sewing manufacture by- making is one of the are current practice. products. livelihood option. Need The activities technical support. generate Rs 3500 per Water storage tank. month per member. Also the open drains causing mosquito problem was also highlighted. Bhorai Bhorai SHG Soap making and Health impacts Would like to start match flour mill are like respiratory box making. Understand dominant activity. problems are the safety issues. Expressed Soap making observed among the need of ani cut in generates Rs 50-60 workers. Skin village. per month per infection due to member while flour soap making. mill generates Rs 800 Transportation per month per of raw materials member. is costly. Salinity in the soil has i increased. Shyampura Ekta Goat Rearing (5-7 Change in crop Would like to take up soap goat per member) and pattern making, vegetable generates Rs 1500- Earlier: Big cultivation and general 2000 per year by corn, Rice, store. selling. General store Urad. Now: Need oflift irrigation is provides a net profit Moong, highlighted. ofRs 60 per day. vegetables and Flour mill is a corn. successful livelihood activity which Groundwater generates Rs 1000 per Earlier: 25 feet. month per member. Now: 45 feet. Electric Motors are also one of major livelihood activity. j 163 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Picture Gallery of Consultation with SHGs TERI team in discussion with Jagadish CIG members at Fodder chopping Machine driven by Diesel generator, Ujala Maheshwara, Dausa CIG, Badoli, Dausa Chopped Fodder, Ujala CIG, Badoli, Oausa TERI team in discussion with Ujala CIG members, Badoli, Oausa I The Saree work by Asha SHG members, Nangal Govind, Oausa TERI Team in discussion with Asha SHG members, Nangal Govind,Oausa 164 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Stone Cutting by Ganpati CIG Members, Sikandara, Dausa The Dust emission from Stone Cutting at Sikandara, Dausa M",-nin,ori<,,, .-"KH"H'" '" Dausa Safety Issue with in use machineries, Siakndara, Dausa TERI team in discussion with Jai Shyamanand Baba SHG TERI team in discussion with Anamika SHG members, Gotekapura, members, Gotekapura, Dholpur Dholpur 165 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' TERI team in discussion with Devpuriya SHG members, Mathbaadri, TERI team in discussion with Anjali SHG members, Pipraun, Dholpur Dholpur 1111 Saree work by a SHG member in Churu TERI team in discussion with SHG members at IDS Office, Churu Sewing work, Vinayak SHG, Ramsara, Churu TERI team in discussion with SHG members at IDS Office, Churu 166 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Aari Tari wort on Saree, Vinayak SHG, Ramsara, Churu Goat rearing conditions, Vinayak SHG, Ramsara, Churu TERI team in discussion with Lakshmi SHG members, Ridkhala, Bundi Bandhej work, Vinayak SHG, Ramsara, Churu Churu TERI team in discussion with Pitarji SHG members, Ridkhala, Churu Vegetable cultivation bu Kund bagwaani, Kunnu 167 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Use of cow dung to prevent water loss, Kunnu SHG, Jharira, Growing fruits, Kunnu SHG, Jharira, Churu Churu Use of plastic to prevent water loss, Kunnu SHG, Jharira, Water stored in Kund, Kunnu SHG, Jharira, Churu Churu Vegetables ready to sale, Kunnu SHG, Jharira, Churu TERI team in discussion with SHG members, Sawai Ganj, Sawai Madhopur 168 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Kantha work on bedsheet, Asha SHG, Karmoda, Sawai Madhopur TERI team in discussion with Luv Kush SHG members, Mau, Sawai Madho ur TERI team in discussion with Jai Hanuman SHG members, Manoharpura, Tonk TERI team in discussion with Luv Kush SHG members, Mau, Sawai Madho ur TERI team in discussion with Jai Hanuman CIG members, Shahadat Cooking conditions at a Dhaba, Jai Hanuman CIG, Shahadat Nagar, Tonk Nagar, Tonk 169 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' 170 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Projecl' Solid waste around the Dhaba, Jai Hanuman CIG, Shahadat Nagar, Wastewater discharged behind Dhaba, Jai Hanuman CIG, Tonk Shahadat Na ar, Tonk TERIleam in discussion with Goverdhan CIG members, Sad a, TERI team in discussion with Ganesh CIG members, Shahadat I--_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ T_o_nk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _-I f\J",gar, Tonk Prepared Tokri by Sharada SHG. Bhuvasa. Banswara TERI team in discussion with SHG members, Bhuvasa, Banswara 171 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' TERI team in discussion with Ambedkar SHG members, Muda making by Ambedkar SHG members, Chanduji ka Garha, Chandu'j ka Garha, Banswara Banswara TERI team in discussion with Meera SHG members, Chanduji Ka Garha, Banswara Making Bow and arrow by Moora SHG, Chanduji ka Garha, Banswara TERI team in discussion with Suman SHG members, Chanduji ka Garha, Banswara TERI team in discussion with Samtoshi Maa SHG members, Harodam, Banswara 172 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' TERI team in discussion with Samtoshi Maa SHG members, Harodam, Banswara TERI team in discussion with SHG members, Budhar, Udaipur TERI team in discussion with SHG members, Budhar, TERI team in discussion with SHG members, Ratampura, Udaipur Udaipur Leather products, Jai Gange SHG, Ratampura, Cattle shed, Ratampura, Udaipur Udaipur 173 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' TERI team in discussion with SHG members, Ratampura, Udaipur Spice Mill, Bhorai SHG, Bhorai, Udaipur Soap Making, Bhorai SHG, Bhorai, Udaipur 174 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' The consultation and visit to Federations 5. SRIJAN District: Tonk Block: Tonk Village: Duni NGO: Self-Reliant Initiatives through Joint Action (SRIJAN) Cluster Federation (2003) Organization name: Maitree Objectives: To enhance livelihoods through women's dairy collectives and improve market linkages. Contact Person: Mr Jitendra Members Padam Jayanti, Jitendra, Manoj List of Cluster tasks 7. Milk collection 8. Milk lactose/fat content testing, 9. Cooling and storage 10. Distribution Comments on SRIJAN activities j) Covering 60 villages of Deoli block in Tonk district. k) Good data management: The record of village names, SHGs, and SHG members, volume of milk brought in, quality of milk etc were all listed on a 'track sheet'. I) The quality of milk was determined by 2 parameters, percentage fat and lactose content. m) Lactometers were provided to the villagers to check the water content of the milk n) Milk was bought from the SHGs and the members were paid based on the percentage fat in the milk. 0) No profits or losses are retained. Everything is distributed among the villagers. p) Private trusts and donations have invested in bulk coolers for milk as well as training to improve animal husbandry practices. Vet care services are also offered to all SHGs. 175 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' 6. PRADAN District: Dholpur Block: DhoJpur NGO: Professional Assistance for Development Action (PRADAN) Cluster Federation (1983) Organization name: Pradan (Professional Mission: Impacting Livelihoods to Enable Rural Assistance for Development Action) Communities. Contact Person: Mr Sanjay Members List of Cluster tasks 11. Promotion of SH Gs 12. Forest based livelihood activities 13. Natural Resource Management 14. Livestock Development 15. Micro-enterprise promotion Comments on PRADAN activities Background: 1. Established in 1983 in Delhi. 2. Team offices in Assam, Bihar, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan and West Bengal. 3. The Dholpur office was setup in 2000 during the DPIP Phase] initiative. PRADAN covers 3 out of 4 development blocks in Dholpur itself. Federations exist in Dholpur, Bari and Sarmathura. 4. Sources of Funding: Central and State Government, BMGF, Ratan Tata trust, Darabarji Tata trust, ECO Netherlands and OxFam. Promotion of SHGs: 1. As of the 2009 annual plan, PRADAN covers 627 SHGs and aims to add 200 more by the end of this year. 2. Promotion ofSHGs (women only) in order to increase savings base, credit bonuses, and women strength. 3. Success is considered achieved when a family makes an incremental increase in income of about Rs.I0,000 to Rs.12,000 per year. However, this depends from family to family. 4. Well mamtamed account logger and database for all SHGs activities. 5. Various kinds of training provided. Training: 1. There are various phases, depending upon the time period, in which training is provided by PRADAN. 176 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' 3 Basi~ introduction to SHGs (the idea, credit planning and social issues) 4 Buffalo training (seasonal, all details regarding buffalo rearing, precautions and procedures involved), Goat rearing Para-vet training (training of a village local, who then charges a small fee for his veterinary services) 5 CRP training (Community Resource Person - acts as a motivator or a social catalyst to inspire and guide the village folk to create Self Help Groups and to think 'outside the box'. 6 Agriculture training for seasonal crops (Service Providers are trained for this. Service providers are community leaders who can then deliver the knowledge to various SHGs and village members. 2. Training on Carcass management was provided earlier by PRADAN, but not anymore. Major guidelines such as digging a ditch 6 feet deep and adding lime for hastening the decay process were part of the training protocol. 2. Activities and Clusters promoted: · Buffalo rearing and dairy: 16. Para-vet service initiated. 17. Created tie-ups with Mother Dairy by which 12000L of milk is transported to Delhi, everyday. 18. With this Mother Dairy tie-up, the SHG members received about Rs.22.3/L compared to the Rs. IS/L that the local milk man offered. · Natural Resource Management: 19. Rainwater harvesting promoted. 20. Wheat and Bajra are grown behind the village homes, which serves as a good source for fodder. Water harvesting techniques have increased the productivity of these crops. 21. Mustard and Rice are grown as cash crops, which boosts incomes. · Saheli Sangathan: 22. To provide social capital to rural poor women. 23. Micro-insurance received from VIMO- SEW A bank. · Fodder development: 24. Rain water harvesting promoted to increase overall crop production. 25. Crop intensification methods (SRI and SWI Scientific Rice Intensification and Wheat Intensification) applied. 26. Fodder trees are grown, such as Ardur Neem (leaves used as fodder, bark used in furniture, toys and shoes). · Organic matter compost (Jeevamrit): 27. Activity running successfully in may villages in Orissa. 28. Start-up has been initiated in Jharkhand as well. 177 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Executive Summary of Stakeholder Workshops under the study "Stakeholder Consultation Workshop for review of Environmental Management Framework developed under the Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project, Sawai Madhopur and Jaipur, July 21 & 22, 2010" Organized 6y- The Energy Research Institute in association tvitli Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project, RDPR, Government of Rajasthan & World Bank, New Delhi Stakeholder Consultation Workshop for review of Environmental Management Framework developed under the Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) has conducted the environmental assessment study under the proposed Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project (RRLP). One of the key components of the study involves the stakeholder consultations, thus two Multi-Stakeholder Consultation Workshops were organized in this regard with the following objectives; 6. dissemination of the results on the environmental assessment 7. review of Environmental Management Framework (EMF) developed as a part of this study 178 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' This workshop provided an excellent platform for stakeholders to partiCIpate and discuss various aspects of The EMF developed. The proceedings of both the workshops are detailed in this section. (see Annexure la for photographs) STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION WORKSHOP, SAWAI MADHOPUR, Date: July 21, 2010 ZIilIa Parishad, Sawai Madhopurr, Rajasthan The stake holder workshop commenced with a brief introduction of all the participants. The Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project in Rajasthan (RRLP) was briefly presented to all the participants which was followed by a detailed presentation on the "Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework under the RRLP" by the consultant from TER1. The agenda for the workshop is enclosed as Annexure-l b and the list of participants attended the workshop is enclosed as Annexure- I c. General Feedback from Participants The following comments were received from the participants; 4. General feedback on the RRLP project · The participants requested a detailed presentation on the performance of the DPIP Phase 1. · Details on the proposed support to livelihood activities specifically with respect to improvement of animal husbandry were 5. On Environmental status · The downward trend in number of cattle needs to be analysed. · Issues pertaining to air quality need to be included. 6. On EMF/EMP · It was pointed out that brick making should be in high category. · Environmental awareness is very poor in the local population and hence adequate importance may not be given to the EMF. · The EMF should provide details on the EMF of the DPIP I and the lessons learnt in implementing the same. 179 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' The workshop ended with a vote of thanks from the TERI team. 180 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION WORKSHOP, JAlPUR. Date: July 22,2010 OTS, HeM, RIPA, JLN Marg Jaipur, Rajasthan The workshop commenced with an inaugural address by Ms. Poonam, State Project Director, RRLP. Dr. Garima Kaushik, (Environment Specialist, RRLP) made a brief presentation on 'Overview of the RRLP project'. The agenda for the workshop is enclosed as Annexure- ld and the list of participants attended the workshop is enclosed as Annexure-Ie. A detailed presentation was made by Dr. Sumit Kumar Gautam, TERI on 'Findings of the Environmental Assessment Study and the Environment Management Framework Study' for the RRLP project. Overall comments/feedback on the presentation While the presentation was well accepted in general some specific comments were made with respect to data sources. The participants also requested that the Draft report may be made accessible to them for their perusal. Specific feedback on the EMF/ EMP development The feedback on the EMF/EMP can be summarized as follows: Environmental Assessment procedures and tools: · Incorporate details on water quality and on status of cottage industries in Village Natural Resource assessment · Consult with Pollution Control Board officials for screening the list of activities · Some activities that have been listed as negligible category need to be moved to low category and some listed in low would need to be moved to medium categories (such as Oil Expellers, Bullock/Camel carts, Stone Carving, Durry making, Tent house, etc.) · Common health and safety guidelines need to be provided even for negligible category of activities · Review the draft ground water policy formulated by the state government · A safe list of pesticides needs to be included in the report · In cases where there are health impacts (such as stone cutting) information on health and insurance schemes must be provided through the list of mitigation measures along with information on safety aspects · Introduce 'water budgeting' for all activities involving significant use of water. · While discussing carrying capacity it must be recognized that high numbers of non- productive cattle need to be replaced overtime with productive cattle. · It is necessary to study the environmental implications of promoting a shift to HYVs of seeds. · Proactive Environmental Pilots · Renewable energy technologies need to be promoted as proactive subprojects 181 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' · Considering the issue of high water requirement, vermicomposting is a difficult proposition for Rajasthan 182 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural livelihood Project' Lessons learnt from EMF implementation in Phase I The discussions also focussed on how the DPIP phase I learnings were important in designing an effective EMF for the RRLP. It was emphasized that there is need for internalization of the monitoring system, dovetailing good environmental practices exercise within the activities (e.g., flyash use in road construction), etc. Convergence with line departments · Facilitate convergence with relevant Government schemes Involve/consult with the line departments while preparing the livelihood plans/duster investment plansfbusiness plans (for example, ensure provision of 'soil card' containing analysis and recommendations on soil quality for all agriculture activities) Capacity building · Increase the number of days for PFT trainings The workshop ended with a vote of thanks from Dr. Garima Kaushik 183 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Annexure la Stakeholder Consultation in Sawai 184 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Annexure 1b Workshop Agenda - Sawai Madhopur Development of Environmental Management Framework under the Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project Date: July 21, 2010 Zilla Pancbayat, Sawai Madbopur 09:30 - 10:00 Registration 10:00 -10-15 Welcome Address byRRLP 10:15 - 10:30 Briefing on the activity of the day byRRLP 10:30-10.45 Tea/Coffee Break 10:45- 12:00 Presentation on EMF by TERI 12:00-1:00 Feedback and Discussion 1:00- 1:30 Concluding Remarks and Vote ofthanks byTERI 1:30 Lunch 185 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Annexure Ie Participants List - Sawai Madhopur ,qAKEIiOLlH:JH '(l:-;SI'L'I A I J():\ WORKM lot' " SA WAI ,\jAIlHOl'nq,1l LY ll. ZUlU. WI:U:-;I-:SIH Y) 21109W:\W 17 S ;\"0. K . s.~,jl-\ "'?) (\J'~ ) $,c. .c (In;-i .... ". ", . + ..............- ~1 \i 0 ' (~J , <'" I \11110<'" I I ~ \, · 'V. ,~'" vVl, ;? 1r"l"' t -\; '.. (~ ~ '\) 1"\(\", n 7.. . q. M j......~.. +-..... : ...: .... 186 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Annexure Id Workshop Agenda - Jaipur Government of Rajasthan Rural Development & Panchayati Raj Department Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project (DPIP-II) (3,d Floor, B-Block, Yojana Bhawan, C-Scheme, Jaipur, Ph: 5188109, 5188107 Fax:- 2229894) and The Energy and Resource Institute, New Delhi Organizes Consultation Workshop on Environment Management Framework for the Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Proiect Date: July 22,2010 OTS, HCM- RIPA, JLN Marg Jaipur, Rajasthan Workshop Schedule S~ No. Subject By Time 1 Registration TERI team 9:30-10:00 am 2 Welcome SPD, RRLP 1O:00-1O:15am 3 Overview of RRLP Specialist 10:15-10:30 am Environr.nent-RRLP 4 Tea Break 10:30-1O:45am 5 Presentation on EMF report Consultant- TERI 10:45-12:00 noon 6 Discussions & All round 12:00-1:3Opm Recommendations of workshop 7 Lunch onwards 187 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Annexure Ie Participants List - Jaipur j h ,,\ p.."'-.t:; (:\~>" ",,~ .~:J /(4 ...'"'' ,4rY\Woil ,f!,HN {/ t~1" ;1 1 ~ (.,<;l.,,:-(., r~l""'.J..-. P ')ll{..{l'1 ~ ~I ~ l':" ·... ,11 1)..; ~l" l{. ..t ..:.. f'~,\, ~~l"""'t\1 'l(y\i:';; ..,~,~ J\ ''''''- I. f~' S t I :; t'1./<-J , Lt:" .;. J -4" ~ h I r'-(1 '1 i ..... """" ~ H'r,1 f>"l") t..'- -'1 f· Ill'fl ),",1'],1" ::' J ::-:';.I..:;:,~~,\) -'\ \"''-~\.'" " >,; >" .J/ r,.J ) '!)k' H t'l<;.t\'\ . t'kr>C!' lr, . A",,;~\ \.~,",I1~"'W~4""1 ' ~. , ,""'1 ,:;r~!,~)\~ "I ,I ! , "J 1 C"'ll! "" J. \ 188 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' 1'111 0 <: {J~. i { r' I ".J"( I';: 1 J / ..-1 -") ·.} (" r I .J ."L ,~L- --.; 1'.f' (,..~~to"'" c .... " r~ J' r '" > J- I'" ,e. ~ . , J l~ fir. r,7, . \ddt.", , ;)" :~ ~~ (.: d tl !'!>t:'. I') P~«~~-"Jl (·~t"ol.·\A"'iw r'): rf('~;' h ...<\-t'./'iJ.~l ]\rH1 J:.';j:~ A " , ' \7 1t I If IJ > .> f 1\ 1(" . '~O,_f-"" I ~t Crr Q. <:::1.,. ,.S!, (. --\" Lvi .....\0._..,.. ~,.,,,'" ~.ld Ct....., ~.,.... ~(!>f, ~ <: ~ \l~L\. Ti..! 189 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' ~")-",, r f)~"" ~'h,"",."t ~ t)'\:.""~ r'",+<~ ! " I' 190 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' \ 191 Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project Annexure 2 Assessment criteria for the categorisation of activities Impact Criteria Remarks/Example Environmental Category Appraisal to be done by NEGLIGIBLE All the activities which have Sewing, music band, tent Not required almost no impacts on the house, retail sale, etc. environment and those that do not use natural resources LOW These projects may have Cattle/Buffalo rearing, By PFT for SHG limited and/or short term Goat rearing, Sheep livelihood adverse impact on the rearing, agriculture, Stone activities and environment and on health. cutting, etc. Cluster However, these impacts can development plan be mitigated by and by DPMU for implementing recommended PO business plan measures. MEDIUM These projects may have Irrigation tube wells, By PFT for SHG longer term adverse impact brick making, etc. livelihood on environment, especially activities and at the cumulative level. Cluster However, these impacts can development plan be mitigated by and by DPMU for implementing recommended PO business plan measures. HIGH These projects have long Milk processing, Dyeing By an external term deteriorating impact of carpets, etc., at agency on environment and high producer organization level of technical level intervention is required to identify specific mitigation measures to address the environmental impacts. I 192 Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural livelihood Project Annexure 3 Activities not to be promoted under RRLP The livelihood projects with severe environmental impacts and those not complying with the policies/regulations of state government, government of India and World Bank's safe guard policies should not be promoted under RRLP. A list of these activities is given below: Subprojects Remarks Extraction of forest products and activities within May lead to loss offorest cover/wild life. forest areas without requisite permission from the Relevant permission is to be taken prior to Forest Department; Activities that directly or undertaking activities in forest areas and indirectly cause harm to wild animals (for example, activities involving extraction of forest hunting, habitat destruction, etc.). resources. Related regulations: Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, Indian Forest Act, 1927; Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 Use of banned/non permitted pesticides, use of Insecticides Act, 1968; Safeguard Policies of hazardous pesticides (pesticides in classes la, Ib and the World Bank (OP 4.09, pesticide 11 of the WHO classification) without appropriate management) technical support and safety measures Drilling tube well in overexploited blocks; drilling Compliance with Centre Ground Water tube well in critical blocks without a plan to Authority Overexploitation of groundwater, implement measures for water conservation unsustainability of the tube well Any subproject involving construction within 200 Related regulations: meter to historical monuments and within 100 meter EIA Notification, 2006 to railways, highways, etc. Brick manufacturing in agriculture land Air pollution causing health impacts Water pollution from manufacturing process Loss of fertile soil Related regulations: EIA Notification, 2006 Purchase of livestock in districts with Poor fodder management will lead to fodder scarcity (Dausa, Churu, Banswara, reduced biomass availability, Dungarpur) unless fodder management degradation of land and impact (fodder conservation or cultivation or sustainability of the livelihood pasture land development) is undertaken as activity. integral part of the activity. This list of activities needs to be communicated by the SPMU to the SHGs through DPMU, PIT andCDO. 193 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Annexure 4 Activities likely to be supported under RRLP Negligible · Low Medium Higb · Tailoring and l. Agriculture l. Irrigation Well I. Large scale Embroidery 2. Horticulture 2. Brick making milk · Camel and Bullock 3. Kund Bagwani 3. Selling of processing by Carts 4. Farm pond pesticides producer · Retail sale (Fruit 5. Open wells companies for Cart, Vegetable 6. Dairy value added Selling, Grocery 7. Goat farming products Shop, etc) 8. Sheep farming 2. Large scale · Services (Music 9. Pig farming dyeing of Band, Tent House, 10. Donkey/Horse rearing carpets by Beauty Parlour, II. Poultry producer Bicycle Lease 12. Vermicomposting company Centre) 13. NTFP collection · Papad Making 14. Wood Work · Toffee Wrapping IS. Stone Carving · Durry Making 16. Nagina udyog · Candle Making 17. Pearl drilling 18. Carpct Making 19. Weaving and Printing 20. Dhaba 21. Bakery and Sweet Making 22. Spice and Flour Mill 23. Soap and Detergent Making 24. Iron Welding Work 25. Threshers 26. Land Levelling 27. Construction of cluster level infrastructure (store room/godown, animal shed, work shed, etc.) 28. Manufacturing of I bullock or camels carts 29. Expellers (011 '--_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _--'i-.____ E'---xtraction) 194 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Annexures Village Level Natural Resource Assessment (To be conducted by PFT for each project village in consultation with Gram Panchayat, SHGs, CDO, and CRPs) Village: Block: District: Resource Details FOREST RESOURCE Forest Area Status (degraded?) Flora fauna status ~ ......... Any protected area Current use of forest for any livelihood activity I GRAZING LAND icate any encroached area separately) Fallow Land Pastureland Culturable wasteland) Season when fodder is available LIVESTOCK Number of cattle/buffalo Number of goat/sheep · Other FODDER A V AILABILITY Area under fodder cultivation (mainly dry fodder mention including crop residues) Period of dry fodder scarcity · Source of dry fodder during scarcity Area under green fodder cultivation (like Barseem, Rajka etc) · Period of green fodder scarcity Source of green fodder during scarcity GROUND WATER Total number of in use tube wells Total number of dried up tube wells Depth of Groundwater (indicate feet or metres) Quality of ground water (like salinity, nitrate etc) SURFACE WATER Number of open wells I N umber of ponds Details of any canals, streams 195 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Resource Details Quality of surface water I Period of water availability AGRICULTURE I Cropping pattern (monocropping/ mixed cropping/ crop rotation) Main crops grown (Rabi, Kharif, and horticultural crops) Soil fertility status ! Details on soil cards i Pesticides/fertilizer usage Source of irrigation Extent of irrigation (% of sown area which is irrigated) SMALL SCALE MINING Details on the minerals, area under mining, number of peoples involved, any safety and I health issues Name ofPFT: Signature: Name of VDC representative: Signature: Date: 196 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Annexure 6 Environmental Guidelines (EGs) EG Not IRRIGATION TiJBEWELL Possible Issues Mitigation measures at Mitigation measures Mitigation measures Guidelines for convergence individual level at SHG level at eno Level with existing schemes Over extraction will deplete Use ways of Investing in rain water Organize training on ground water irrigation like drip and harvesting through farm rainwater sprinkle irrigation ponds efficient irrigation methods and water Use pipes for conveying conservation practices. water to avoid seepage and losses Periodical review to assess any emerging If field channels are used to cumulative impact · Efficient irrigation convey water, line channels means. with plastic sheets to avoid · Irrigation schedule seepage\oss · Farm Use percolation pit Unprotected / abandoned Plug I cover boreholes that bore holes are a safety hazard are open I abandoned for small children 197 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' EG No2 PRODUCER ORGANIZA TJON - AGRICULTURE Possible Issues Mitigation measures N on negotiable actions Guidelines for convergence with existing schemes -----::----1 Sale and use of banned/non Display the license (for sale of pesticides and fertilizers) in a part of Ensuring that all the Coordinate with department of permitted pesticides the premises that is open to public. requirements are Agriculture ExtensionIKrishi met like license, Vigyan Kendra tor the Unsafe handling of Do not sell and use the banned/non permitted pesticides including pesticides in registration etc from information and assistance on pesticides/insectici des classes la, Ib, and II (WHO Classification of Pesticides by Hazard) competent authority IPM and INM Organic farming Improper use of chemical Do not change or remove any inscription or mark made by the manufacturer on If pesticides are to be Certified seeds fertilizers the container, label or wrapper of any pesticide. sold or stocked at more Banned pesticides than one place, take Soil quality and fertilizer need of Sale of uncertified seed Maintain proper records of procurement and sale of pesticides separate licenses for the region (brand name and name of active ingredients) every such place. Provide technical support to farmers on integrated pest management, pesticide Take license to sell safety, etc. fertilizers from the competent authority Stock and promote sale of safety gadgets to be used while handling pesticides (for example, hand gloves, plastic masks, etc.) Stock and sell inputs/equipment for non-chemical pest management (neem pheromone traps, etc.) Do not store pesticides near to edibles products Do not sell fertilizers without lSI Mark Certification Maintain proper records of procurement and sale of fertilizers Provide soil testing and fertilizer recommendation services to member farmers 198 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' EGNo3 PRODUCER ORGANIZA nON - DAIRY . ---------------- Possible Issues Mitigation measures Non negotiable actions Guidelines for convergence i with existing schemes Legal requirements Ensure availability of good quality animals (healthy, hardy, high yielding Take adequate Coordinate with department of animals) with the help of qualified veterinary doctor permission from Ani mal H usban dryIV eterinary Livestock management Pollution Control Board for the information and A void grazing on forest lands as far as possible. assistance on Fodder management Take the required permit 7. Livestock breed Cultivation of suitable, fast growing fodder species. from the Forest selection Hygiene of product Department for grazing 8. Fodder Practice rotation"al grazing and rotational harvesting of green fodder management Waste management from field bunds / marginal lands and wastelands. 9. Com posti ng Sensitization of the Gram Panchayat and COO on adoption of norms for rotational grazing and harvesting fodder from field bunds / wastelands" Encourage stall feeding and fodder enrichment practices Compost animal wastes using a simple pit method or vermi-composting or efficient composting methods Use clean utensils and handle milk in hygienic way Wash milk utensils and cooling unit thoroughly as prescribed and dispose waste water into a soak pit ---- 199 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural livelihood Project' EG No4 Possible Issues I DAIRY (Cattle/Buffalo) Mitigation measures at individual level Mitigation measures at SHG Mitigation measures at COO Level . _.:-1._. Non negotiable actions Guidelines convergence for with level . . . . . . . . _. . n existing schemes Fodder I Cultivate fodder Fodder storage Organize In case of forest Co-ordinate with availability (fodder bank) for traini ngltechnical land, take Animal Husbandry Chop fodder and use feed trough use in periods of support on fodder permission from and Veterinary Degradation of scarcity management forest department for department for pasture lands and I Practice stall feeding grazing information on forests Practice fodder Pastureland subsidy schemes, Always store fodder in clean and dry place treatment (treating development training programmes, dry fodder with technical support, Water availability I Use community pasture land for the grazing purpose urea, molasses, Investing in rain etc., on: mineral water harvesting to Hygiene of cattle I Avoid grazing in forest areas meet water 1. The selection of shed requirement of the suitable breed of Use supplementary animal feed (crop residues, mustard livestock cattle Hygiene of milk pellets (Khali), etc) and fodder treatment (with urea, molasses, mineral mixture etc) 2. Fodder cultivation and Keep the shed clean and dry management The shed should be at least 15 meter away from Approach department drinking water source (hand pump) of water resources and ground water for Use natural mosquito repellents like fumigation of technical support on mustard seeds etc rain water harvesting to meet livestock Collect dung as soon as possible and compost in a pit water requirement Disposal animal carcasses by burial/disposal at least _ _ _. L. . :5:.. :0:.. :0:.. :m:::.c.::..ete=-rllway from habitations/water bodies 200 Report on 'Environmental Assessment and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural livelihood Project' EG No 5 I Goat Farm ing and Possible Issues Mitigation measures at individual Mitigation measures at Mitigation measures Non negotiable actions Guidelines for convergence level SHG level atCDO Level with existing schemes Fodder availability Use commu ity pasture land for the Practice rotational grazing Periodic review to In case land, Approach grazing purp )se assess any emerging take permission from Extension department, Krishi Degradation of pasture Fodder storage (fodder cumulative impact forest department for Vigyan Kendra and Animal lands and forests I A void g in forest areas bank) for use in periods of grazing Husbandry departments for the scarcity Plant trees of, Babul, support on Unhygienic conditions I Allow grazl g on harvested fields Subabul, Karanj, 8. fodder cultivation, and in the shed Health of (crop stubb s and residues) Ziziphus, Ber, Ker, its storage the animals and people species 9. supplementary feed Always stor fodder in clean and dry place Pasture land development Use supplem entary animal feed (crop residues, Pr. sopisjulijlora pods Discourage any ul) etc) encroachment on the grazing land Keep the sh d clean and dry Collect dun as soon as possible and compost in pit Disposal an nal carcasses by burialldispo al at least 500 meter away from lbitations/water bodies 201 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' EG No6 AGRICULUTRE and HORTICULTURE (vegetables/fruits cultivation) Possible Issues Mitigation measures at individual level Mitigation measures at Mitigation measures Non negotiabl4e I Guidelines for convergence SHG level at CDO Level actions Ground water based Use efficient ways of irrigation like drip Investing in rain water Organize training on Do not use ban ned I Co-ordinate with local irrigation (tube wells and sprinkler irrigation harvesting through farm water management, pesticides Agriculture extension lead to depleting ponds and kunds fertilizer scheduling departmentlKrishi Vigyan water status Use pipes for irrigation instead of flooding and on safe use of Kendra, Irrigation, Groundwater or open channels Investing in buying pesticides and Horticulture department for Improper use of efficient spray equipment information on subsidy schemes, chemical fertilizers Increase use of organic manures for hiring out to SHG training programmes, technical may lead to members support, etc., on: environmental Use chemical fertilizers only on basis of 6. Efficient irrigation soil testing and technical recommendations Soil testing practices 7. Integrated Nutrient Poor soil fertility may Use mask, gloves and goggles to protect Management and Soil lead to low yield the body while spraying pesticides testing 8. Integrated Pesticide Improper application Always wash limbs and face after spraying Management of hazardous 9. Crop/weather insurance chemical pesticides Use efficient spraying equipments to /weedicides may prevent leakage cause negative impacts on human Avoid use of chemical wecdicide by de and environmental weeding using physical methods health Do not apply any chemicals on the surface of fruits/vegetables 202 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' EGNo7 NTFP (Done Pattal, fruits, medicinal plants, Mooda etc) Possible Issues Mitigation measures at individual level Mitigation Mitigation measures Guidelines for convergence with existing measures at SHG at CDO Level schemes Non negotiable actions level 203 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Leaf: gum, root, bark Collection ofNTFP: C collection - impacts on u overall plant health Leaves: It Collect leaves from different trees and not more than 113 of leaves should be plucked from a single tree Flowers, fruits, seed v collection - impacts New leaves should not plucked a regeneration ti Reasonable amount of leaf should be left for plant's survival and health o n Gums: o Only mature trees should be sclccted for f gum tapping m e Working plan of the forest areas prescribes d minimum girth for different species in the i particular forest area - and this should be c Strictly observed. Depending on the species tapping regime n of three to four years should be followed. a I The blaze should not be deep enough to cause to the stem of the tree. p I Fruit: a ripe fruit should be collected n ts Felling of trees or lopping should be prohibited. Certain area should be marked for c10surc for fruit collection on rotational basis. Do not pluck all the fruits from a single tree Certain amount oft'ruit should be left for wild animal species. lffallen fruit is being collected 25% shall be left for regeneration. Do not collect all sccds Flowers: Thc flower should be collected at the end of the flowering season. 25 % of the fallen flowers shall be left on the forest floor. Processing ofNTFP: Do not procurc NTFP illegally Reuse/compost the solid waste 204 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' the technical support and any training if required on sustainable NTFP harvesting is provided Encourage sustainable harvesting and lay down community Approach Forest and Horticulture departments, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, for the information, technical norms for same Take required permission from competent support, training on: authority like Gram Panchayat! Village Forest Protection or JFM Committee (in case of Village Forest), or Forest 6.11 Sustainable harvesting ofNTFP department (in case of all other forests) 6.12 Cultivation of medicinal plants EG NoS W oodffimber collection Possible Issues Mitigation measures at individual level Mitigation measures Non negotiable Guidelines for convergence atSHG level actions with existing schemes Legal requirements Waste - solid biodegradable Collect fallen (dead) and dry wood Do not lop green branches Endangered species should not be harvested Use reject wood pieces as fuel 205 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Compost the solid waste which can Ensuring that technical support and any training if required on Take required permission from Co-ordinate with Forest not be reusedPlantation of suitable sustainable extraction, endangered etc., is Forest department department for information timber species on Coordination with relevant departments · regUlatiOnS on Plantation of suitable timber species collecting wood · endangered species of trees EG No9 POND/TANK CONSTRUCTION ---- Possible Issues Mitigation mea,sures at Mitigation measures at Mitigation measures at CDO Non negotiable actions Guidelines for convergence individual level SHG level Level with existing sch~ mes Erosion of top trees Investing in Ensuring the technical support Take required permission Approach Ground Water and may affect the selecting the site for construction of bunds and any training if required from Gram Panchayatl Forest PHED department for the overall growth and construction on >aITen and around the tank/ponds department in case any felling information and SI pport on production of grown uncultivable Ian I to the extent Coordination with relevant of tree!s is required 5. technical plan crops possible Regular maintenance departments 6. financial assistance structure silting Removal ~~~~~~-'---- Do c()mpensatory including bund 206 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' and . . "i0reStatiOn afforestationl plantation in strengthening and case felling of any tree/s is desiltation Contamination of unavoidable stored water Plant small shrubs, grass around the pond to control silt entering pond Use anti mosquito fish species Do now allow any other water like cattle shed runoff, sullage, etc., to enter into the pond/tanks Do not allow cattle to drink water directly from pond/tank Prevent disposal of any kind of solid waste into pond/tanks ----------------------------------' EG No 10 STORE ROOM CONSTRUCTION Possible Mitigation measures Non negotiable actions Issues Avoid felling of trees by selecting the suitable Take required permission from Gram erosion site on barren/unculturable land. Panchayatl Forest department in case any felling oftree/s is required Tree Do compensatory afforestation! plantation in case felling of any tree/s is unavoidable 207 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Ensure that removed top fertile soil is preserved and used at other arable land Take . Civil Engineer on the design of store room. Ensure that the room has proper clr",in"'"", facility Keep the room dry and clean Apply only permitted insecticides EG No 11 ANIMAL SHED/ WORK SHED CONSTRUCTION Possible Issues Mitigation measures Non negotiable actions Top soil erosion A void felling of trees by selecting the suitable site Take required like barren land Panchayatl Forest department in ease Tree felling any felling oftree/s is required Do compensatory afforestation! plantation in case Environmental felling of any tree/s is unavoidable conditions - Ensure that removed top fertile soil is preserved hygiene and used at other arable land 208 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' area per goat/sheep and 5*8 feet per cattlelbuffalo in animal shed The shed should have adequate light and ventilation Do not construct any animal shed near to drinking water facilities and provide minimum distance of 15 meters from the drinking water facility The floor of shed should have a slope to permit draining of animal wastes Provide facility tor composting of animal wastes near the shed to enable easy management -------------- EG No 12 POULTRY ---------- Possible Issues Mitigation measures at individual Mitigation measures Mitigation measures at CDO Guidelines for convergence with level at SHG level Level existing schemes Unhygienic conditions- Use healthy breeds Ensuring the Ensuring the technical support Co-ordinate with Animal Husbandry health of birds and people procurement of and any training if required and Veterinary department for the Provision of recommended space and healthy birds selection of suitable breed and ventilation. technical support in management Required space per full grown bird for layers is 2300-2800 cm2 and for broilers is 2800-3700 cm 2 209 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Maintain cleanliness cleaning Follow vaecination schedule Keep the diseased birds away from healthy birds Dispose the dead birds carcasses away from residential location Control parasites and pathogens Bury the dead birds appropriately Wear gloves and apron during burial of dead infected birds. Avoid entry of visitors to fann, inside the sheds "";,,"v""lY ---------- EG No 13 LAND LEVELLING Possible Issues Mitigation measures at Mitigation Non negotiable actions Guidelines for individual level measures at SHG convergence with level existing schemes Overall disturbed A void felling of trees by Encourage Take required Co-ordinate with topology, soil seleeting the suitable site plantation of pennission from Gram departments of erosion like barren land; Ensure suitable species Panchayatl Forest Watershed and Soil that tree roots are not through awareness department in case any Conservation, Krishi exposed due to the felling of tree/s is Vigyan Kendra for levelling required technical know - how 210 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' case _ unavoidable Ensure that removed top fertile soil is preserved and used at other arable land Do not dump the excess soil improperly Take measures to control soil erosion and check runoff (bunds, trenches, EG No 14 STONE CARVING and NAG INA UDYOG Possible Issues Mitigation measures at individual Mitigation measures at SHG Guidelines for convergence with existing level level schemes Air Pollution dust emission during Cover the nose and mouth using cotton Ensure safe use and maintenance Approach state pollution control department stone and gem cutting may impact health cloth/masks of the machines for technical support and know how on the adversely dust Protect eyes using goggles Keep first-aid kit available at the Noise Operation of work site machinery/equipment Sprinkle water (ifpossibJe) to suppress the dust Encourage planting the leafy trees Solid waste like Neem, Ashok around the 211 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Use ear plugs work place to Work shed: adequate and ventilation Use oils to enhance lubrication in machines to reduce noise Make sure that sufficient light is available during Nagina work Dispose the stone pieces and stone slurry in useful way (road construction, pit filling, etc.) EG No 15 SPICE AND FLOUR MILL Possible Issues Mitigation measures at individual level Mitigation measures at SHG level IGuidelines for existing schemes convergence with Air Pollution (Dust emission Use proper gear like Ensure the regular - Adverse impact on health mask/cotton cloth to cover nose maintenance of the machines Noise and mouth, goggles to proteet as per manufacturer's eyes, etc. instruction Work shed: adequate light Avoid smoking at work place Keep first-aid kit available at and ventilation the work site _ _ _,-, Use ear 212 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Encouraging the procurement Use oil for the lubrication of of energy efficient machines machineries Read and apply manufacturers instructions Do not keep machines running when not in use EG No 16 IRON WELDING WORK ---------------- Possible Issues Mitigation measures at Mitigation measures individual level at SHG level Pollution -Air pollution, Use proper gadgets like welding Ensuring that the fuel production of ultra-violet helmet and goggles cylinders are kept safe radiation and drops of molten metal Use ear plug Keep first-aid kit available at the work Noise pollution Follow the manufacturer's site instruction carefully Fuel Gas: Handling of cylinder and safety Do not smoke near the gas cylinder 213 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Check the fuel cylinder regularly for leakage r~~ ~- EG No 17 Thresher Machines Possible Issues Mitigation measures at Mitigation measures at individual level SHG level f-::::--:-. Pollution -Dust pollution Use proper gadgets like Ensure the re gular mask/cotton cloth to cover nose maintenance of the Noise and mouth, and goggles machines as : 'er manufacturel s instruction Grain damage Avoid smoking at work place Keep first-ail kit available Use ear plug at the work s te Apply lubricants on the 214 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' machineries for smooth functioning Read and follow manufacturer's instruction carefully EG No 18 GALICHA (CARPET) MAKING I~~~ ~~~-~~~ Possible Issues Mitigation measures at individual level Air Pollution Cover mouth and nose with cotton cloth or mask Disposal of Solid waste Working condition - Light, Ensure proper disposal of broken ventilation needles/sharp articles/broken glasses here and there ------ 215 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Install looms in a place where sufficient ventilation and light is available Install fire extinguisher EG No 19 FOOD PREPARATION (Dhaba etc) Possible Issues Mitigation measures at individual level Mitigation measures at SHG level Disposal of solid waste and Dispose wastewater in a soak pit Investing in cleaner fuel like LPG waste water Segregate solid waste into biodegradable Investing in improved stove Indoor air pollution due to and non biodegradable biomass based stoves Encourage composting Biodegradable wastelkitchen waste Risk to health from should be eomposted 216 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' unhygienic conditions, unsafe drinking water, etc. on-biodegradable wastes should be disposed at a designated collection point. Use only clean and safe water Ensure that disposable plastic cups/ tumblers are not used Use improved biomass stoves Clean the area and all utensils Keep the area clean and apply pest control EG No 20 VERMICOMPOSTING Possible Issues Mitigation measures at Mitigation measures Mitigation measures Guidelines for individual level at SHG level atCDO Level convergence with existing schemes Overall performance Use local species of earthworm Ensuring the technical Approach Agriculture like Eiseniafelida, Eisenia andrie support and any Extension department Eudrilus Lampito training if required and Krishi Vigyan maurilii and Perionyx excavalus Kendra for the technical support Cover the bottom of pit with dry leaves, husk or straw 217 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Keep the vermi composting pit covered with mesh or net in order to protect earthworms from birds Protect the pit from rain and direct sunlight Avoid adding polythene or non biodegradable wastes in Monitor activity regularly for the temperature, moisture and earthworm 218 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Annexure 7A Common Guidelines for Health and Safety Safety equipment: Cover mouth and nose with cotton cloth or mask for protection against dust and other particulate matter Use goggles to protect eyes Install fire extinguisher Maintain a first aid kit at work place Waste management: Sprinkle water (if possible) to suppress the dust Ensure proper disposal of waste materials that can pose a health and safety hazard (sharp objects, used chemical containers, etc.) Segregate wastes for composting and recycling/reuse Machinerv: Apply lubricants on the machineries for smooth functioning Read and follow manufacturer's instruction carefully Never exceed the maximum permissible speed and load of machine Ensure that children and lay persons do not have access to sites with high speed machinery Work site: Work sites must be in places wherehave sufficient ventilation and light available Work sites must have access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities 219 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework. for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Annexure7B General Environmental Guideline (GEG) (To be used for the activities for which specific EG is not available) Attribute I Impacts Mitigation Measures Air I Is there any dust generation? Use mask/cotton cloth while working Is there any air pollution? The activity place should be well ventilated Is there any problem related to If possible, sprinkle the water to suppress ventilation? dust Maintain the machinery as per manufacturer's instructions A void long working hours Do not smoke at working place Do plantation around the activity site Water Is there any use of water? Minimize the wastage of water by What is the source of water? recycling/reusing Is there any effluent/waste water Practice ground water recharge/rain water generation? harvesting How is the waste water being Do not discharge any wastewater within 15 discharged? meter of drinking water source (hand pump, Is there any threat of ground water well) contamination? Protect water from any kind of contamination Soil Will the activity damage top soil? A void up rooting trees Will the activity cause soil erosion? Conserve top fertile soil Grow shrubs/trees/grass to prevent soil i erosion Solid Waste i Is the solid waste biodegradable (like Do not mix organic waste with non . organics, fodder residue, agriculture biodegradable waste residues) Compost all organic waste Will the disposal of solid waste create Do not dispose the waste in any water body obstruction to any natural drainage? or in a manner obstructing natural drainage Hygiene Is there any collection of wastewater? Dispose waste water through soak pits, Does the activity contribute to avoid stagnation of waste water contamination and spread of disease? Maintain safe distance between worksite I and habitation Always wash hands and face with soap after performing activity Based on the identified impacts, coordinate with District Environmental Specialist and the relevant line department for technical support in identification of required mitigation measures. I 220 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Annexure8A Environmental Appraisal Summary Sheet - SHG Livelihood Plan Name ofSHG: Village: Block: District: ------ ------------ SNo Livelihood Activity No of Scale of activity (ex Relevant Information Actions on which Identified needs (technical Members no. of goat/sheep, from NRA of Village SHG members assistance, convergence, · tube well etc) agreed to exceute training etc) (based on EGs) -~~~~ -~~~~~~~~ ------~~~ ------~~~ -----~~~ · Are any of the proposed activities included in the 'Activities not to be promoted under RRLP'? Yes / No Have the Environmental Guidelines been referred to for identifying impacts and mitigation measures? Yes / No Does the SHG agree to implement all the non-negotiable actions listed in the Environmental Guidelines? Yes / No Name and Signature ofSHG Nodal Person Name and Signature of PFT Name and Signature of CDO Date: 221 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Annexure8B Environmental Appraisal Summary Sheet. - CDO NameofCDO: Village: Block: District: i Proposed Activity Scale of activity i Mention mitigation measures I Identified needs (technical assistance, convergence, training etc) ! Are any of the proposed activities included in the' Activities not to be promoted under RRLP'? Yes I No Have the Environmental Guidelines been referred to for identifying impacts and mitigation measures? Yes I No Does the CDO agree to implement all the non-negotiable actions listed in the Environmental Guidelines? Yes I No Name and Signature ofCDO Nodal Person Name and Signature ofPFT Name and Signature of DPMU Date: 222 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Annexure8C Environmental Appraisal Summary Sheet - Producer Organization Name of Organization Block: District: Proposed Activity Scale of activity . Mention mitigation measures I ! I Identified needs (technical : assistance, training, support under convergence with existing Government schemes, etc.) ! Are any of the proposed activities included in the 'Activities not to be promoted under RRLP'? Yes I No Have the Environmental Guidelines been referred to for identifying impacts and mitigation measures? Yes I No Does the PO agree to implement all the non-negotiable actions listed in the Environmental Guidelines? Yes I No Name and Signature of PO Nodal Person Name and Signature ofDPMU Name and Signature of RRLP Date: 222 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' 223 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Annexure8D Environmental Appraisal Summary Sheet for high impact activities Name of Organization (PO/COO): Village: Block: District: Proposed Activity I Scale of activity (please provide estimated production) Resource requirement and sources (ex. I water, energy, raw materials, etc., and the source where the resources will be procured) Baseline environmental status (with reference to the resources required, the nature of the activity being proposed and its likely impacts) Identified adverse impacts on environment: Surface water (availability, quality) Ground water (availability, quality) Air pollution Based on the identified impacts, coordinate with District Environmental Specialist and the relevant line department for technical support in identification of required mitigation measures. Solid waste Land use and soil status Agriculture and livestock Forests and biodiversity . Health and safety issues i Hazardous chemicals Proposed plan to mitigate adverse impacts (provide in detail): Is the activity in compliance with all ! relevant laws/regulations/safeguard ! policies? Give details. Name and Signature of Environmental Expert who conducted this appraisal: Name and Signature of PO/COO Nodal Person: Name and Signature ofOPMU: Name and Signature of RRLP: Date: 224 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project Annexure 9A Assessment of Cumulative Impacts - Dairy (To be filled by PFT in consultation with CDO and submitted to District Environment Specialist/DPMU once every six months) Village: Block: District: Period: From ....·.·...... To .........·..·· Number of Number of Number of Total number of Total number of Observed Cumulative Mitigation Required measures for SHGs members who cattlelbuffalo cattlelbuffalo cattlelbuffalo in Impacts measures currently mitigating cumulative received sanctioned (during approved till village (RRLP + being practised impact (give details) support for the period for date under NONRRLP) (give dairy activity which assessment RRLPin the details)Mitigation is being conducted) village measures required for mitigating cumulative impact (give details) Grazing: Grazing Better grazing management: management: Fodder availability: Fodder availability: Fodder cultivation: Water availability; Water Fodder treatment: Composting: Others: Composting: Others: Others: NameofCDO Signature of CDO Date: 225 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project Annexure9B Assessment of Cumulative Impacts - Goat/Sheep rearing (To be filled by PFT in consultation with CDO and submitted to District Environment Specialist/DPMU once every six months) Village: Block: District: Period: From ............. To ............ .. ------- ~ ~~ ~ ~----~~ -----~ Number of Number of Nu nber of goat/sheep Total number of Total number of Observed Mitigation measures Required measures SHGs members who san ctioned (during goat/sheep goat/sheep in Cumulative Impacts currently being for mitigating involved in the period for which approved till date village (RRLP + practised (give cumulative impact the sub ass !Ssment is being under RRLP NON RRLP) details) (give details) projects con ducted) ------ Grazing: Grazing Development of management: community grazing land: Fodder availability: Fodder availability: Regulation on open grazing: Better grazing Water availability: Water availability: management (rotational grazing): Others: Composting: Supplementary feed: Others: Others: - -~ -- ~ NameofCDO Signature of CDO Date: 226 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Annexure9C Assessment of Cumulative Impacts - Tube well (To be filled by PFr in consultation with CDO and submitted to District Environment SpecialistjDPMU once every six months) Village: Block: District: Period: From ··.........·· To ·.··....·.···. Number of Number of Number of Tube well Total number of Total number of Observed Mitigation measures Required measures for SHGs members who sanctioned (during tube wells Tube wells in Cumulative currently being mitigating cumulative involved in received the period for which approved till date village (RRLP + Impacts practised (give details) impact (give details) the sub support for assessment is being underRRLP NON RRLP) roiects tubewell conducted Decline in water table: Dried up bore wells: Shift to cultivation of water demand crops: Others: Fann Rain water harvesting: Efficient irrigation methods: Others: Water harvesting; Efficient irrigation; 227 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project Cropping system: Others: NameofCDO Signature of CDO Date: Annexure 9D Assessment of Cumulative Impacts - NTFP (To be filled by PFr in consultation with CDO and submitted to District Environment SpecialistjDPMU once every six months) Village: Block: District: Period: From ...····.·.... To ....·......... Number of Number of Total quantity of Total quantity of Observed Mitigation measures currently Required measures for SHGs members who NTFP harvested NTFP harvested Cumulative being practised (give mitigating cumulative involved in received support (mention separately in village (RRLP Impacts details)Required measures for impact (give details) the sub forNTFP for each NTFP +NONRRLP) mitigating cumulative impact projects activityNames of species) till date (give details) NTFP species and underRRLP part (seed, fruit, leaf, root, etc.) involved (mention separately for each NTFP species) Over-extraction: Ensuring that legal requirements are met: Impact on regcneration: Sustainable extraction practices: Others: Cultivation of medicinal plants: 228 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' NameofCDO Signature of CDO Date: 229 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Annexure9E Assessment of Cumulative Impacts - PFI' Level (To be filled by PFr and submitted it to DPMU every six months) Number of Villages: Total number of SHGs: Block: District: Period: From ............. To ··.······....· Dairy Total number ofSHG members involved · Observed cumulative impacts Mitigation measures currently being practised I Recommendations for mitigating cumulative impact Tube wells I Total number ofSHG members involved Observed cumulative impacts I Mitigation measures currently being · practised , Recommendations for mitigating cumulative impact NTFP Total number ofSHG members involved ! Observed cumulative impacts Mitigation measures currently being I practised · Recommendations for mitigating cumulative impact Others i Activity Total number of SHG members involved , Observed cumulative impacts I Mitigation measures currently being practised I Recommendations for mitigating cumulative ! impact Name ofPFT Coordinator: Signature of PFI' Coordinator: Date: 230 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Annexure9F Assessment of Cumulative Impacts - District Level (To be filled by DPMU and submitted to SPMU every six months) Total number of .Blocks: Number of Villages: Total number of SHGs: District: Period: From ............. To ............. . Livestock Total number of SHG members involved Observed cumulative impacts Mitigation measures currently being practised Recommendations for mitigating cumulative impact Tube wells Total number of SHG members involved Observed cumulative impacts Mitigation measures currently being practised Recommendations for mitigating cumulative impact NTFP Total number ofSHG members involved Observed cumulative impacts Mitigation measures currently being practised Recommendations for mitigating cumulative impact Others Activity Total number of SHG members involved Observed cumulative impacts Mitigation measures currently being practised Recommendations for mitigating cumulative impact Name ofDPMU Coordinator I District Environmental Specialist: Signature of DPMU Coordinator I District Environmental Specialist: Date: 231 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Annexure 9G Terms of Reference for CummuIative Impact Assessment for the Livestock Sector (This is an indicative terms of reference. It will need to be developedfurther, in consultation with key stakeholders working on livestock-natural resource management issues in Rajasthan, during the course ofproject implementation) Introduction: The Cumulative Impact Assessment (CIA) study will be undertaken as part of the mid-term external environmental audit. Cumulative impacts are the combined, incremental effects of human activity that may pose a threat to the environment. Cumulative impacts result when the effects of an action are added to or interact with other effects in a particular place and within a particular time. It is the combination ofthese effects, and any resulting environmental degradation, that should be the focus of cumulative impact assessment34 · Purpose: The purpose of the CIA is to capture the cumulative impact of the livestock activities supported by the project on the local natural resource base. Scope: The scope of the CIA study will include: r) Livestock activities - Cumulative impacts refer to the total effects on the resource of an action and all other activities affecting that resource no matter what entity is taking the actions. Hence the scope will include both project as well as relevant non-project activities that affect the local natural resources. The full range of livestock activities including purchase of new livestock, fodder management/production/banks, pasture land management, provision of extension support and training, etc. will be covered. All livestock including small and large ruminants will be within the purview of the study. s) Nature of impact The cumulative impact will cover both positive and negative impacts. t) Natural resources - The local natural resource base implies biomass (fodder grass, trees), biodiversity (flora and fauna), land (soil erosion, compaction, fertility), water (availability, quality), etc. u) Level at which the impact will be assessed - The focus will be on village (habitation) level impacts. However, as livestock especially small ruminants use pasture/grazing lands that may overlap with neighbouring villages, the cumulative impact on such lands may be assessed at the level of the resource. 34 Consideration Of Cumulative Impacts In EPA Review of NEPA Documents. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Federal Activities (2252A) EPA 315-R-99-oo2/May 1999. h1tJ2;1L~ww.epa.gov I cgm pliancel resou rces Ipolicies/nepa I cymulative. p df 232 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Sample: The sample for the CIA will cover 1 representative district in each of the 6 agro-climatic zones covered in the porject area. In each district 2 villages will be selected - one with the maximum number of large ruminants and the other with the maximum number of small ruminants purchased through project support. Thus, a total of 12 project villages will be studied. Another 12 villages in the same zone will be taken as the control. Methodology: The methodology will involve: 8. Desk review: Review of project documents to understand the project supported livestock interventions will be undertaken. The Panchayat and other relevant records on livestock population, pasture land, crops cultivated, etc., will be reviewed to understand the current and pre-project situation with respect to livestock and the fodder resources in the village. 9. Stakeholder consultations: Consultations will be held with the self-help groups, other user groups, Panchayat representatives, the extension staff of the animal husbandry department, project team, and any significant other stakeholders. The purpose ofthe consultations will be to obtain qualitative and quantitiative infonnation on the cumulative impact of the livestock interventions in the village on the local natural resource base. 10. Field studies: Field studies will be undertaken to get quantitative details on the livestock popUlation, biomass production, fodder consumption, fodder avaiiability, fodder conservation and management, manure production and utilization, soil fertility, water consumption by livestock, etc. Output: A report on CIA documenting the methodology, key findings and practical recommendations for promoting environmentally 233 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Annexure 10 Format for Internal Monitoring Report (To be filled by district environment coordinator and submitted to state environment coordinator) Name of District: Period: From ................ To ................. . Desk Review Number of Villages Number ofPFTs Number of Producer Organizations Number of Cluster Development Plans Total number of SHGs plans I Total number of SHGs livelihood activities 1. Agriculture I (sector wise) 2.Tube well . 3 Cattle/B uffalo 4.Goatlsheep 5. NTFP 6. Others I Total number of cluster development plans 1. (with details of the activities) 2. i 3. Producer Organizations' Business plans 1. (with details of the activities) 2. I Number of villages for which Natural ! Resource Assessment has been conducted I I Activities in Medium impact category l. Tube wells 2. Brick manufacturing Number of SHGs plans with duly filled Environment Appraisal Summary Sheet Field visits Names of Villages and Blocks visited Name of Producer Organizations 1. 2. Activities undertaken by POs I 2 Status of implementation of agreed Number of POs implementing the agreed actions mitigation actions by POs (refer Issues in implementing the agreed actions Environment Appraisal Summary Sheet) Recommendations Name of Cluster Development Organizations I 2 1. Activities undertaken by CDOs 2. 3. Status ofimplementation of agreed Number of CD Os implementing the agreed actions mitigation actions by CDOs (refer Issues in implementing the agreed actions Environment Appraisal Summary Sheet) Recommendations i NameofSHGs 1. ! 2. 3. 234 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Desk Review 4. i 5. Activities undertaken by SHGs 1. 2. 3. 4. Status of implementation of agreed Number of SHGs implementing the agreed actions mitigation actions by SHGs (refer Issues in implementing the agreed actions Environment Appraisal Summary Sheet) Recommendations Remarks on Cumulative Impacts (Refer Cumulative Assessment Sheet) Remarks on any unforeseen emerged impact Recommendations ~for trainingltechnical support Recommendations given to PFT 1. 2. 3. 4. Remark on progress of Proactive Environment Sub-projects (if existing) Any other observation Name of District Environment Coordinator: Signature: Date: 235 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' Annexure 11 Sources of secondary data collected S Department and Address Phone Fax Email No 1 RSPCB Nodal Officer: Mr. 0141- 2709335 Vijay Singhal (Sr. Environmental Engineer, RPCB, Jaipur) 5159655,5159652 5159697 9667575992, 9414073930 (M) Head Office Rajasthan Pollution Control EPBX: 0141- Board, 5159600,5159699 4, Institutional Area, Jhaiana Doongri, Jaipur RSPCB Chairman MrVs 510187, 5159694 chairperson@rpcb.nic.in Singh 9667575999, RSPCB - Member Secy - 5101872, 5159695 member- Dr. Deep Narayan Pandey 9667576000, secretary@rpcb.nic.in 2 Deptt Agriculture 5102578 Nodal Person: M Mr. Dayal Singh, Jt. Director Agriculture QC Director & Special Secretary 2227709 Agriculture, Pant Krishi Bhawan, Jaipur Director Horticulture, Pant 2227606 Krishi Bhawan, Rajasthan, Jaipur 3 Animal Husbandry 2743331, 2743267, 2743822 Director Dr Rajesh Sharma 2742984,2743192 2742243 9414070990 Pashudhan Bhawan, Gandhinagar Mod, Tonk Road, Rajasthan, Jaipur-3020 15 Nodal Officer - Dr. Prakash 2743073 Bhati, Deputy Director (Plan) J .4 Directorate Of Economics & Statistics Nodal Officer: Mr. M.M.S. 2221840, 2225749, 2229756 Udawat, Dy. Director, 2222947, 2226170, (0141-2228776, Ext. 252) 2221098, 2221574 '--- 236 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' IS Department and Address Phone Fax Email i No Yojana Bhawan, Tilak Marg. C- Scheme, Jaipur Director - Mr. Suraj Mal 2222740, Etn 210 dir.des@rajasthan.gov.in Raigar 5 Watershed And Soil 222747712227154, Conservation Nodal Officer: Mr. Prabhakar Saraswat, J .En (Mies) Mr. Sudarshan Sethi, Secy, 2227915,2701972 sudersansethi@yahoo.com Panchayatiraj DepU Mr Alok, Commissioner 2227189,2701655 2227858 dir_wdsc@dataone.in Watershed And Soil 9412211300 Conservation And Secy Rural Development Pant Krishi Bhavan, Janpath, Jaipur 6 Rural Development And Panchayati Raj Mr. C S Rajan, Pro Secy, 2227635,2707342 prsecy-rdpr-rj@.nic.in ! i Rural Development And Panchayati Raj, Pant Krishi Bhavan, Janpath, Jaipur Mr. Tanmay Kumar, 94141810 18 2227503 Commissioner, Nrega 2227110 Mr. C.L.Verma, PD Cum 9413342617 DS (SAP) 2227379 7 Disaster Management And Relief Nodal Officer: Mr.O.P. 2227985 2227230 reJief-rj@nic.in Gupta, Dy.Secretary Disaster Management & Relief, Secretariat, Jaipur Mr. Tanmay Kumar, Secy 9414181018 2227503 2227110 Mr. B.L. Gupta, Stat Office 2227084 2227230 8 Deptt Industry 2227727-29,31,33- 2227516; Office Of The 34;2227630 5106748 Commissioner Of Industries, Rajasthan Udyog Bhawan: Tilak Marg: Jaipur : 302005 Raj Hans Upadhyay - 2227796 Commissioner 9 Deptt Forest B L Arya Pro Secy 2227004 2227004 i Mrs Seema Singh - Dep. 511699114320 237 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project' S Department and Address Phone Fax Email No Secy Sen Officer Mr.ML 5153222/4330 Jangid Principal Chief Conservator 2227391 2227832 abhij it...,ghose@hotmail.com Of Forest, Van Bhawan, Vaniki Path, Jaipur-302005 Nodal Officer Name: Mr. 2710627 Arindam Tomar, Conservator Of Forests (IT) 10 Mines And Geology Mr. R.K. Hirat Phone: 0294- NodaJ Officer 2522548 (Computerization) Additional Director (Mines- E&D), Dr Govind Sharma - Pr 2227509 minessecretary@dmg-raj.org Secy Mr. RP Berwa SO Mines 5153222 (1626) 11 Water Resources Nodal Person - 2702672 2702672 dditjpr. wr@rajasthan.gov.in Superintending Engg, PMU, RWSRP, Sinchai Bhawan, JLN Marg, Jaipur - 302017 Mr Ramlubhaya, Pr Secy 2227654, 94140- 2227694 72314 Mr S. C. Meharishi, CE 2227042 2227288 WR 97838-19259 238 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project Annexure 12 Review of climate change adaptation initiatives Climate change has drawn huge attention in recent time due to the threat it has posed on the various livelihood activities 100like agriculture, water availability etc. The effect of climate change would be high on a country like India where nearly 2/3 population resides in rural area. These rural communities mainly depend upon the agriculture and dairy activities for their livelihood. Climate change resulting in warming, sea level rise and melting of glaciers will adversely affect the global hydrological cycle. This will also seriously affect the ground water due to change in precipitation and evapo-transpiration. Considering the effect of this, India declared its first National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) in 2008. The plan identifies eight core national missions (as shown below) to submit detailed implementation plan to combat climate change. Table: National Missions under National Action Plan on Climate Change SNo Mission Objective Responsible National Solar Mission 20000 MW of solar power by 2020 Ministry of Non Renewable Energy Sources 2 National Mission for 10000 MW ofEE savings by 2020 Ministry of Enhanced Energy power Efficiency 3 National Mission on EE in residential and commercial Ministry of Sustainable Habitat buildings, public transport, solid waste Urban management Development 4 National Water Mission Water conservation, river basin Ministry of management to improve the water use water resources efficiency by 20% 5 National Mission for Conservation and adaptation practices, Ministry of sustaining the global monitoring Science and Himalayan Ecosystem Technology 6 National Mission for a Increase national forest cover to 33% by Ministry of Green India the end of lth plan Environment and Forests 7 National Mission for Drought proofing, risk management, Ministry of Sustainable Agriculture agricultural research Agriculture 8 National Mission on Vulnerability assessment, research and Ministry of Strategic Knowledge observation, data management Science and for Climate Change Technology 239 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project It can be noticed from the above table that out ofthe eight identified missions, four missions (Sl no 4, 6, 7 and 8) are directly relevant to the rural communities which are more vulnerable to climate change in the state of Rajasthan. Following section reviews and briefs the above missions relevant to the rural communities of the state of Rajasthan; National Mission for a Green India As mentioned in table, this mission aims at afforestation of 6 million hectares in the country to achieve the 33% forest cover of India. The programme would be implemented through Compensatory Afforestation Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA) including Joint Forest Management Committees. The programme focuses on two aspects: increase the forest cover and density and biodiversity conservation. Rajasthan with more than 2/3 area falling in the Thar Desert zone has its forest cover limited to eastern and southern part of state. The initiatives of the state government to implement Green Mission in the state could be summarised in the following sections 1. Afforestation activities of the state are undertaken through Joint Forest Management. At present there are 4916 committees managing 7.791akh hectare of forest cover. 2. State government has also transferred the social forestry and farm forestry activities to the Panchayati Raj Institutions. 3. State government is also in policy making phase on Multi Stakeholder Partnership by inviting investment on degrading lands. 4. Government is also in process to identify corridors for species migration especially for Sariska and Ranthambore Tiger reserve. 5. The funds under state plan and NREGS will be utilised on raising the seedlings on a large scale in departmental nurseries so that tall plants are available for plantation and afforestation purpose. 6. State government is carrying out the conservation of wildlife and biodiversity in 2 national parks and 25 sanctuaries of the state covering an area of 9260 sq km. The existing area under various Protected Area (PAN) is 2.8% of the state's total geographical area. State aims at having 4.8% of geographical area for biodiversity purposes which would also include the world heritage sites like Sambhar Lake, sacred grooves and other wetlands rich in biodiversity. 240 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project 7. State has also initiated project for conservation of 39 red listed medicinal plants in collaboration with National Medicinal Plant Board and FRLHT. National Water Mission There exists a wide gap between water supply and water demand in the state of Rajasthan. This could be attributed to growing population, environmental degradation, detrimental climate change etc. In response to National water mission, state government has prepared draft state water policy to address the water related problems. This aims at reforms at institutional level/administrative levels and also at infrastructure levels. Also, Communication and Capability Development Unit (CCDU) has been set up in Water Resources Department (WRD). CCDU involves the local government bodies, Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs), SHGs, CBOs, NGOs etc to generate awareness and capacity development on the importance of water conservation, and methods of the same like artificial recharge, rain water harvesting etc. The following section provides details on the initiatives of the state government. Table 7.7 :Suggested Action Plan for the implementation of National Water Mission in Rajasthan S No Committee Actions Institution for Time Frame participation Policy and Better understanding of water WRD,PHED, By 2017 institutional resources GWD,PRls, framework Increasing food and water ULBs, security Agriculture deptt Drought Management Improved water quality To modify the state water policy in view of climate change, Improved quality of water Ground water management 2 Surface Assessment of basin wise water WRO,IMD, By2017 water Raising storage capacities of GWD, PRls management large dams, Augmentation of live storage of minor dams, Restoration of small water bodies, Preventing evapo transpiration by the use of plastic and mulches and efficient means of irrigation 3 Ground Groundwater Bill GWD,PHED, By 2017 water Implementation plan for Rain ULBs, PRls management water harvesting and artificial 241 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project S No Committee Actions Institution for Time Frame participation recharge Plan a state legislation for over exploitation of Ground water. To quantify the ground water recharge potentials Promoting micro-irrigation like drip and sprinklc irrigation 4 Domestic Emphasizing on recycle and PHED,PRIs, By 2017 and reuse ULBs,GWD, Industrial Promoting WRD Water desalination/def1ouridation Management Water conservation measures viz source augmentation like Rain water harvesting, artificial recharge Effective governance and regulation Promotion of best practises 5 Efficient use Mandatory water assessment and WRD,RWSRP, By 2017 eof water for audits IMTI Kota, various Ensuring proper industrial water GWD,PHED purposes disposal Institutional reforms Water harvesting and artificial recharge of ground water 6 Basin level Ensure integrated water WRD,PHED, By 2017 planning and resources management GWD,NGOs, Management Minimizing wastage Remote sensing Integrated water policies to cope station Jodhpur with variability in rainfall and river f10w at the basin level Updating the state water policy due to change in climate scenario To minimize the effect of climate change on agriculture practices, state government is promoting the use of drought resilient crops in the western part of the state. Also as discussed in above section, sprinkle and drip irrigation are encouraged to effectively use the water resources and prevent evapo-transpiration losses. Government also provides subsidies on the water charges if HDPE and PVC pipe line is used or irrigation. Detailed Project Report (DPR) is being prepared by Water Resource Department to improve the canal system through selective lining. 242 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project Annexure 13 L' t 0 f s aliepes ti Cl esun1'kelY t 0 present acut e h azard' IS 'd 1 1 Innonna1 use Aclonifen Chlorothalonil Ethirimol Imazaquin Acrinathrin Chlorotol uron Ethofumesate Imazethapyrlmibenconazole AlIoxydim Chlorpropham Etofenprox lnabenfide Amitrole Chlorpyrifos methyl Famoxadone . Iprodione i Ammonium sulfamate Chlorsulfuron Fenarimol · Iprovalicarb , Ancymidol Chlorthal-dimethyl Fenbutatin oxide Isoxaben Anthraq ui none Chlozolinate Fenchlorazole Kasugamycin Asulam Cinmethylin · Fenclorim Lenacil Atrazine Cinosulfuron Fenfuram Linuron · Azimsulfuron Clofentezine Fenhexamid Maleic hydrazide Azoxystrobine Clomeprop Fenoxycarb Mancozeb Benalaxyl Clopyralid Fe[}picionil Maneb · Benazolin Cloxyfonac Fenpropimorph Mefenacet Benfluralin Cryolite [C] Fenuron Mepanipyrim Benfuresate Cycioprothrin Fenuron-TCA Mepronil Benomyl Cyclosulfamuron Ferbam Mctazachlor Benoxacor Cycioxydim Flamprop Methabenzthiazuron · Bcnsulfuron-mcthyl Cyhalofop Flucarbazone-sodium Methoprene Bifenox Cyromazine Flucycloxuron Methoxychlor Bioresmethrin Daimuron Flufenoxuron Methyldymron Biphenyl Dalapon Flumetralin Metiram Bispyribac Daminozide Flumetsulam Metobromuron Bitertanol Desmedipham Fluometuron Metosulam Borax Diafenthiuron Flupropanate Metoxuron Bromacil Dichlobenil Flupyrsulfuron Metsulfuron methyl Bromobutide Dichlofluanid Flurenol Monolinuron Bromopropylate Diclomezine Fluridone 2-(l-Naphthyl) acetamide Bupirimate Dicloran Flurochloridone I-Naphthylacetic acid ~uprofezin Diciosulam Flur())()'pyr NllQropamide ! Butachlor Diethofencarb Fluthiacet N~2talam Butralin Diflubenzuron Flutolanil Neburon i Butylate Diflufenican tau-Fluvalinate Niclosamide Captan Dikegulac Folpet Nicosulfuron I Carbendazim Dimefuron Fosamine Nitrothal-isopropy I Carbetamide Dimethirimol Fosetyl Norflurazon Carboxin Dimethomorph Gibberellic acid Ofurace Carpropamid Dimethyl phthalate Glyphosate Oryzalin Chlomethoxyfen Dinitramine Hexaconazole Oxabetrinil Dipropyl · Chloramben isocinchomerate Hexaflumuron , Oxadiazon Chloransulam methyl Dithiopyr Hexythiazox ! Oxine-copper · Chlorbromuron Diuron Hvdroprenc Oxycarboxin Chlorfluazuron Dodemorph Hymexazol Oxyfluorfen Chloridazon Ethalfluralin Imazamcthabenzmethyl Penconazole Chlorimuron Ethephon Imazapyr " <;;11" J"UI Vll r 243 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" Annexure 14 Terms of Reference (TOR) for appointment of Sector Support Organizations (SSOs) to provide support to RRLP project on pilot implementation of proactive environmental sub projects Background: The Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project (RRLP) is being implemented by the Government of Rajasthan in 17 districts with an aim to increase and sustain income of the poor, especially women. This would be achieved through social inclusion and community mobilization; building sustainable member-based organizations of the poor; creation of linkages between these organizations and financial (banks and insurance companies) and other service providers; and adopt new livelihood strategies for climate change adaptation. An environmental management framework (EMF) has been developed for the RRLP to promote environmental sustainability of the livelihood activities supported and to mitigate any adverse environmental impacts that may be caused by the livelihood activities. An important component of the EMF is the promotion of proactive environmental sub- projects. These projects may include but not limited to 5. Rain Water Harvesting (Rooftop rainwater harvesting, kund bagwani, farm ponds, etc.) 6. Efficient Irrigation (drip and sprinkler irrigation) 7. Organic farming 8. Biogas plants 9. Fodder development (pasture land development, fodder treatment and enrichment, etc.) These proactive sub-projects are to be implemented on a pilot mode (in select blocks of all project districts) with the following main objectives; · To demonstrate/showcase the feasibility and advantages of good environmental practices · To identify type and level of intervention required to promote the good environmental practices in RRLP With this background, it is proposed that sector support organizations that have proven expertise and capabilities in implementing community-based int~rventions on natural resource management and environmental conservation (in Rajasthan) would be appointed to provide field level technical and operational support for implementation of identified sub projects in RRLP. These organizations will work in close coordination with the block level Project Facilitation Team (PFT)s, District Project Management Unit (DPMU) and State Project Management Unit (SPMU). The organizations will have overall responsibility for ensuring the proper implementation of such proactive sub projects. Objectives of the assignment The assignment has the following objectives: 1) To support the PFTs in identifying the district (block) specific proactive environmental sub project 2) To support the PFfs in preparing the detailed plan for the implementation of identified sub project 3) To provide training to PFT, SHGs (Self Help Groups), Cluster Development Organization (CDO) and CRPs (Community Resource Persons) for the implementation of projects. 244 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project 4) To provide technical and operational hand-holding support to PFr, SHGs (Self Help Groups), Cluster Development Organization (CDO) and CRPs (Community Resource Persons) during the implementation of projects. 5) To develop a model for ensuring sustainability of the services of the CRPs. Scope of the assignment The scope of the work includes: Identification of feasible proactive sub projects The appointed SSOs will help and support the PITs in identifying the feasible sub projects. This will include the review of local environmental situation, the technical feasibility of sub projects and the likely advantages in terms oflivelihood enhancement/sustainability. Preparation of implementation plan The SSOs will also provide support in preparing the detailed plan for the implementation of identified sub projects. This will include the planning, technical designs and time frame. Capacity Building During the implementation process, SSOs will provide the training to PIT, SHGs (Self Help Groups), Cluster Development Organization (CDO) and CRPs (Community Resource Persons). This will also include the exchange visits to other blocks and preparation of IEC materials. Monitoring of the implementation The SSO will also be required to monitor the implementation of these sub projects. This will include regular field visits to assess the impact of sub projects and recommend required changes in strategy/activities. Sustainability and Scaling Up The SSO will document the processes, outputs and outcomes of each of the sub-projects facilitated and identify the strategy for sustainability and scaling up of the sub-projects - based on the lessons learnt from the pilot experience. The appointed SSO is to work in close coordination with the SPMU. 245 Report on 'Environmental Assessment Study and Development of Environmental Management Framework for Rajasthan Rural Livelihood Project" Schedule: The agency is expected to provide handholding support throughout the sub-project implementation period of 3 years. The agency has to develop an annual schedule for various activities. Delivera bles: The Agency should submit the following deliverables according to pre-agreed schedule Feasibility report to be submitted including the scoping study and identification of the feasible sub projects Implementation Report of the proactive environmental sub projects Half yearly reports on the monitoring of proactive sub projects Detailed report on capacity building and trainings provided for each training conducted Report on modified procedures, if any