E1294 v3 TEIAS TURKEY POWER TRANMISSION CO. 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA (TPS) ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT CANAKKALE PROVINCE, SIGA, CAN, YENICE DISTRICTS; SALIKESIR PROVINCE, SALYA, IVRINDI, SAVASTEPE DISTRICTS; MANISA PROVINCE, SOMA DISTRICT f.,I encon ENCON ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANCY CO. D EIAReport [!] Final EIA Report ANKARA, 2005 PROJECT CLIENT Turkey Power Tranmission Co. General Directorate Address TErAS General Directorate, Ankara i +90 (312) 212 6900 Phone and Fax Number +90 (312) 213 84 15 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA PROJECT NAME (TPS) ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT CANAKKALE PROVINCE, BIGA, CAN, YENICE DISTRICTS; Address of the Project Site: BALIKESIR PROVINCE, BALYA, (Province, District, Locality) IVRINDI, SAVASTEPE DISTRICTS; MANISA PROVINCE, SOMA DISTRICT I ~AME OF THE CONSULTANT ENCON Environmental Consultancy rOMPANY Co. Mahatma Gandhi Cad. 75/3-6, Address Gaziosmanpasa 06700, ANKARA +90 (312) 447 71 22 (pbx) Phone and Fax Number +90 (312) 447 69 88 Date of Submission (*) February 2005 Decision No and Date(**) ......... .. •..../ •••. /200 .•• i 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT TABLE DEPICTING PERSONNEL PLEDGED TO BE EMPLOYED WITHIN THE SCOPE OF COMMUNIQUE THE COMPETENCY CERTIFICATION Project Client: TEIAS, Turkish General Directorate of Power Tranmission Co. Location of the Project Site: Canakkale Province, Biga, Can. Yen ice Districts; Balikesir Province, Balya, Ivrindi, Savastepe Districts; Manisa Province, Soma District Project Name: 380 kV Karabiga - Can - Soma (TPS) Energy Transmission Line Project Date of Submission: 24 December. 2004 Competency Certification Number: 08 Responsible Personnel to be Employed from Name within the Scope of the Profession Chapter, Signature Surname Relevant Communique Item Page, A endix Environmental En Irge M.Sc.Environmental IV- V Satiro lu Engineer M.Sc.Environmental Buket Mesta IV- V En ineer B.Sc.Environmental Derya Erzi IV-V En ineer M .Sc.Environmental sra Atll En ineer M .Sc.Environmental Mine Artug En ineer Selale M.Sc. Environmental IV-V Ataberk En ineer Ozge B.Sc. Environmental Whole Ozdemir En ineer Re ort 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Responsible Personnel 10 be Employed from within the Scope of the Name Surname Profession Chapter, Signature Relevant Communique Page. Item A endix Engineering and Architectural Faculties, physics, chemistry, biology, departments of arts and sciences and personnel graduated from geology, hydrogeology. zoology, archeology. veterinarian, public administration. economics. management. and sociology . deE,!ments (5-b) I Geological Burak Aksoy , En ineer Assoc. Prof. Zafer Biologist A as Mechanical Ph.D.Okan Bilkay En ineer Prof. Zeki Aytac Biologist Erdinc Durmus Biologist Hydrogeological Goktug Evin En ineer M.Sc. Arzu Gencer Landscape Architect Hydrogeological Siber Sivrikaya En ineer Mining Filiz Toprak . En ineer 380 kV KARABIGA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPQRT Personnel to be Employed Name . within the Scope of the Profession Signature Surname Relevant Communique Item Personnel whose profession is determined by / the EIA Scoping Review and Evaluation Commission . M.Sc. Forestry 7 Suayip Balta • En ineer ( Geodesy IV-V. Sevim Ergun Photogrammetry App.-B En ineer Zaim Umit ' Electric-Electronic V Ozkefeli En ineer M.Sc.Environmental Tolga Balta III. V En ineer Ph.D. Haluk Environmental III. V Ceribasi En ineer M.Sc. Environmental Huseyin Tekin III, V En ineer 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF CONTENTS I LIST OF TABLES V LIST OF FIGURES VIII LIST OF APPENDICES X I. DEFINITION AND PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT II. LOCATION OF THE PROJECT SITE 11.1. The Projection of the Line Route on the Land Usage Map, The Distance From 4 The Residential Areas 11.2. The Locations of the Activity Units of the Project 6 III. ECONOMICAL AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF THE PROJECT 111.1. Financial Resources Related to the Project 18 111.2. Flowchart or Time Table of the Project 18 111.3. Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Project 19 lilA. Other Economic, Social and Infrastructure Activities Which are not within the Frame of the Project, but are Designed by the Owner of the Project or Other Firms in 19 Relation with the Project 111.5. Expropriation 20 111.6. Other Matters 21 IV. DETERMINATION OF THE AREA THAT WOULD BE AFFECTED FROM THE PROJECT, AND EXPLANATION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTIES INSIDE THE AREA IV.1. Determinetion of The Area that Would Be Affected From The Project 22 IV.2. The Properties of The Physical and Biological'Environment and The Usage of 22 The Natural Resources IV.2.1. Meteorological and Climatic Properties 22 IV.2.2. The Geological Properties of The Line Route (1/25000 scaled geological maps and sections of tectonic movements, topographic properties, mineral 30 resources, landslide, unique formations; avalanche, flood and rock fall) IV.2.3. The Hydrogeological Properties of The Underground and Thermal Water Sources of The Line Route (water levels, amounts, allowable amounts of 37 withdrawal, flow of the sources, existing and planned usage) IV.2A. The Hydrological Properties, Existing and Planned Use of Surface Water Sources (Drinking, usage, irrigation water, electricity generation, dam, lake, 42 pond. production of water products, water way transportation plants, water and/or coast usage for turism, sports etc, other uses) IV.2.5. Minerals and Fossil Fuel Sources 43 IV.2.6. The Properties and The Usage Conditions of The Soil (The use capability classification of the soil, erosion, pasture, meadow, the existing usage 47 conditions of the oil etc.) 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT IV.2.7. Agricultural Areas (Agricultural development project areas, special product plantation areas, the size of the irrigated and non irrigated agricultural 50 areas, product designs and the annual production amounts) IV.2.8. Protection Areas (National Parks, Natural Parks, Wetlands, Natural Monuments, Protection Areas, Wild Life Protection Areas, Biogenetic Reserve Areas, Biosfer Reserves, Natural Sites and Monuments, Archeological, 56 Historical and Cultural Sites, Special Environment Protection Regions, Special Protection Areas, Turism Areas and Centers, Areas In The Coverage of Pasture Law) IV.2.9. Forest Areas (Tree types, amounts, forest type, area covered, size and closeness; their present and planned protection and/or use purposes, the field survey evaluation form taken from Regional Directorate of Forestry), the 59 probable adverse effects to the forest areas, the definition of the mitigations which would reduce the effects, and the forest areas located on the route would be shown on the 1125.000 scaled forest map. IV.2.10. Flora and Fauna (Species, endemic especially local endemic plant species, the animal species which live in nature, the species which are under protection by the national and international regulations, rare and endangered species and their living environments, the names of the hunting animals, their populations and the decisions of Central Hunting Commission taken for them), 61 displaying the vegetation types and the sampling areas at the project area on a map, the required protection precautions, which should be taken for the livings affected from the activities of the project (at the construction and the operation phases) IV.2.11. The Areas Having Valuable Landscape and Recreation Areas, The 70 Areas which have Unique Geological and Geomorphological Formations IV.2.12. The Areas those are Under Control of Competent Establishments of Government (Military Forbidden Areas, the areas assigned to the public institutions and organizations, the areas limited by No. 7/16349 Cabinet 75 Judgement. whicl:l was Published in the Official Gazette dated 25.09.1978 and No. 16415, etc.). IV.2.13. Other Properties 75 IV.3. The Properties of the Socio-Economical Environment 75 IV.3.1. Economical Properties (The Main Sectors Forming the Economical Structure of t~e Region, where the Energy would be Transmitted) 75 IV.3.2. Population (The urban and rural population in the region. population 77 movements; migrations. population increase rates, other information) IV.3.3. The Social Infrastructure Services of the Region (Education, health and 82 cultural services and using conditions of these services) IV.3.4. The Urban and Rural Land Uses in the Project Area and Its Close Vicinity (The distribution of the population centers, the existing and planned 87 usage areas, the industrial regions in this range, dwellings, turism areas etc.), IV.3.5. Income (The distribution to the branches of industry in the region that the 88 energy is transmitted etc.) IV.3.6. Unemployment (The unemployed population in the region that the 103 energy is transmitted and its ratio to the active) IV.3.7. Health (The existing endemic diseases in the region that the energy is 104 transmitted) IV.3.8. Other Properties 104 II 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT V. CHAPTER V. IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE MITIGATION MEASURES V.1. Activities During Land Preparation, Construction and Installation Stages, Impacts 105 on the Physical and Biological Environment and the Mitigation Measures V.1.1. Locations and Areas of Excavation, the Transportation, Storage and Usages of Materials and Explosives to be Used in Excavation During Land 105 Preparation Stage V.1.2. The areas that excavation wastes such as, soil, stone and sand would be 105 transported or the purposes for which these wastes would be utilized V.1.3. How and Where Drainage and Flood Prevention Activities would be 106 Carried Out V.1.4. The Processes related to the Construction of the Service Roads of the 106 Transmission Lines and the Materials that would be used V.1.5. The Processes related to the Construction of the Transmission Lines 107 V .1.6. Activities Spreading Dust During Construction Stage Such As Crushing, Grinding, Transportation and Storage (the evaluation of the impacts due to the project according to "Industrial Originated Air Pollution Control Regulation" that 111 was published in the Official Gazette dated 07 October 2004 and No. 25606 and became valid) V.1.7. The Amount and Properties of Solid Wastes Formed Within the Coverage 113 of the Project and The Ways to Dispose Them V.1.8. The Water Amounts That would be Used Within the Project, Where and How the Water would be Provided, After Which Processes How the Waste 114 Waters those would be Formed After Using These Water would be Discharged to Which Environments and the Properties of These Waters V.1.9. Processes About Grounding of the Energy Transmission Lines 115 V.1.1D .. Sources and Levels of Noise to Occur as a Result of the Activities which 116 will be Carried out During Land Preparation and Construction of the Plants V.1.11. Types and Number of Trees which would be Cut Down for Land Preparation and for Construction Area, Plant Species which would be 119 Destroyed and Size of the Area where Such Activities would be Carried out V.1.12. The Probable Impacts of the Project in Forest Areas, Mitigations Against these Impacts and Forest Fires, (the number of towers in the forest area, 120 determining whether the transformer station is in the forest area or not) V.1.13. Size of Agricultural Lands that would be Lost for Gaining Land and During Land Preparation, their Land Utilization Capabilities and Types of 121 Agricultural Products, Land Utilization Permission for Non-agricultural Purposes V.1.14. Where and How the Accommodation and Other Technical/Social Infrastructure Needs of the Personnel, Who would Work in All Stages of the 123 Project, would be Provided V.1.15. The Land Arrangements those would be Made for Creating Landscape 123 Elements or for Other Purposes in the Project Area V.1.16. Determination of the Magnitude and Distribution of the Effects on the Cultural and Natural Assets (Traditional urban texture, archeological values, 125 natural values which needs protection) on the Project Route and its Vicinity V 1.17. Activities Posing Risks and Dangers for Human Health and the Environment, which would be Carried out During All Stages from, Land 126 Preparation to Commissioning V.1 .18. Other Activities 128 III 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT V.2. Activities in the Operation Phase of the Project, Impacts on the Physical and 128 Biological Environment and the Mitigation Measures V.2.1. The Knowledge About the Properties, Dimensions, Capacities etc. of the Main Structures (Towers, insulators, conductors, towers etc.) Along the Line 128 Route V.2.2. The Processes Performed, The Material Used and the Types, Amounts, Properties, Dimensions and Disposal of the Wastes that would exist for the 128 Maintenance of the Line Route V.2.3. Activities Posing Risks and Dangers for Human Health and the Environment which would be Carried out During the Operation Phase of the 129 Project V.2.4. The Electric and MagnetiC Fields that would Occur and Their Intensities, 130 Impacts and the Mitigation Measures V.2.5. The Impacts of the Line on Communication Plants (PIT lines, radios, TV 132 transmitters etc.) V.2.6. Determination of the Magnitude and Distribution of the Effects on the Cultural and Natural Assets (Traditional Urban Texture, Archeological Values, 132 Natural Values Which Needs Protection) on the Project Route and its Vicinity V.2.7. The Impacts of the Project on Flora and Fauna that was Defined in 133 Chapter IV.2.10 and the Mitigation Measures V.2.B. Other Activities 133 V.3. The Impacts of the Project on the Socia-Economical Environment 134 V.3.1. Expected Increases in Income with the Realization of the Project, Employment Opportunities, Population Movements, Migration, Education, 134 Health, Culture, Other Social and Technical Infrastructure Services, and Changes in Utilization Patterns of these Services, etc. V.3.2. Environmental Cost-Benefit Analysis 135 VI. POTENTIAL AND ONGOING IMPACTS AFTER THE DECOMMISSIONING AND 137 MEASURES TO BE TAKEN AGAINST SUB.IECT IMPACTS V1.1. Land Improvement 137 V1.2. Other Activities 137 VII. ALTERNATIVES OF THE PROJECT 138 VIII. MONITORING PROGRAM VlIl.l. The Monitoring Program Suggested For The Construction of The Activity, The 140 Operation of The Activity and The Monitoring Program and The Emergency Action Plan Suggested For After The Operation V1I1.2. In Case of Taking EIA Positive Certificate, The Program About Performing The Subjects At The Second Paragraph of The Title, "The Responsibilities of The 157 Institutions/Organizations, that Took The SuffiCiency Certificate" At The Sufficiency Announcement IX. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 158 IV 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT X. CONCLUSION 163 APPENDICES 170 BIBLIOGRAPHY 234 LIST OF PREPARERS 238 v 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1. The Annual Electrical Energy Need And Production in Turkey 2 Table 1.2. The Electrical Energy Consumption per Person for Some Provinces 2 Table 11.1 The Residential Areas that are In the Survey Area -5 Table 11.2. The Surface Areas of the Fields, That Would The Easements Be Taken and 6 Expropriated Table 111.1 The Time Table of the 380 kV Karabiga - Can - Soma TPS ETL Project 18 Table 111.2 The Surface Areas of the Fields, that Would the Easements be Taken and 20 Expropriated Table 111.3 Types and Number of the Towers in Agricultural, Foerstry, Pasture Lands and 20 Surface Areas of the Fields to be Expropriated According to Provinces Table IV.1. Average Temperature Data (0C) 23 Table IV.2. Rainfall Data (mm) 26 Table IV.3. The Earthquakes Higher Than 5 and Occured At the Project Line and Its Close 35 Vicinity Table IVA. The Water Quality Measurement Results of the 54151 Numbered DSI Well 37 Opened at Canakkale Province In 1999 Table IV.5. The Water Quality Measurement Results of 53182 Numbered DSI Well 38 Opened At Canakkale Province in 1998 Table IV.6. The Water Quality Measurement Results of 40023 Numbered DSI Well 39 Opened At Balikesir Province in 1990 Table IV.7. The Water Quality Measurement 'Results of 49123 Numbered DSI Well 39 Opened At Balikesir Province in 1995 Table IV.8. The Water Quality Measurement Results of 28545 Numbered DSI Well 40 Opened At Manisa Province in 1981 Table IV.9. The Geothermal Energy Sources of The Districts of Canakkale and Balikesir 41 Provinces Located on The Project Route Table IV.10. The Surface Waters Located At The Project Area 42 Table IV.11. The Mineral Deposits in Canakkale, Balikesir and Manisa Provinces and Their 44 Locations Table IV.12. The Land Use Characteristics and Main Soil Groups in the Project Area 48 Table IV.13. The Annual Production Amounts of The Basic Agricultural Products Produced At Balikesir Province, Batya, Ivrindi, Savastepe Districts and Manisa Province, 52 Soma District Table IV.14. The Annual Production Amounts of The Basic Agricultural Products Produced 54 At Canakkale Province, Biga, Can and Venice Districts Table IV.15. The National Parks, Natural Parks and Nature Protection Areas Located in 56 Balikesir, Canakkale and Manisa Provinces Table IV.16. Cultural Inventory-Ministry of Culture and Tourism, General Directorate of 58 Cultural Assets and Museums Table IV.17. The Tree Types, Covered Areas and Their Lengths Along The Route At The 60 50 m Construction Corridor Table IV.18. The Distributions of the Population those are Active Economically to the Sectors in Balikesir Province, Balya, Ivrindi and Savastepe Districts, 76 Canakkale Province Blga, Can and Yen ice Districts, Manisa Province Soma District Table IV.19. The- Age Distribution of Balikesir Province, Balya, Ivrindi and Savastepe 77 Districts VI 380 kV KARABIGA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Page Table IV.20. The Age Distribution of Canakkale Province, Biga, Can and Yen ice Districts 77 Table IV.21. The Age Distribution of Manisa Province Soma Distrcit 77 Table IV.22. The Annual Population Increase Rates of Balikesir, Canakkale, Manisa 81 Provinces Table IV.23. The Comparison of the Electricity Consumption of Sectors and Per Capita of 81 Balikesir, Canakkale, Manisa Provinces and Turkey Table IV.24. The Number and Distribution of the Educational Institutions of Balikesir, Canakkale and Manisa Provinces and Balya, Ivrindi, Savastepe. Biga. Can, ·84 Yen ice and Soma Districts Table IV.25. The Literacy States in Balikesir Province and Balya, Ivrindi and Savastepe 85 Districts Table IV.26. The Literacy States in Canakkale Province and Biga, Can and Yen ice Districts 85 Table IV.27. The Literacy States in Manisa Province and Soma District 86 Table IV.28. The Number of State and Private Hospitals and Their bed Capacities in 87 Balikesir, Canakkale and Manisa Provinces Table IV.29. Fruit Production of Balikesir Province, Batya, Ivrindi and Savastepe Districts in 89 2003 and the Comparison with the Production of Turkey Table IV.30. Vegetable Production of Balikesir Province, Balya, Ivrindi and Savastepe 89 Districts in 2003 and the Comparison with the Production of Turkey Table IV.31. Crop Production of Balikesir·Province. Balya, Ivrindi and Savastepe Districts in 90 2003 and the Comparison with the Production of Turkey Table IV.32. Fruit Production of Canakkale Province, Biga, Can and Venice Districts in 91 2003 and the Comparison with the Production of Turkey Table IV.33. Vegetable Production of Canakkale Province. Biga. Can and Venice Districts 92 in 2003 and the Comparison with the Production of Turkey Table IV.34. Crop Production of Canakkale Province, Biga, Can and Venice Districts in 92 2003 and the Comparison with the Production of Turkey Table IV.35. Fruit Production of Manisa Province and Soma District in 2003 and the 94 Comparison with the Production of Turkey Table IV.36. Vegetable Production of Manisa Province and Soma District in 2003 and the 94 Comparison with the Production of Turkey Table IV.37. Crop Production of Manisa Province and Soma District in 2003 and the 95 Comparison with the Production of Turkey Table IV.38. Milk Production of 2003 in Balikesir Province, Balya, Ivrindi and Savastepe 96 Districts Table IV.39. Wool Production of 2003 in Balikesir Province, Balya. Ivrindi and Savastepe 96 Districts Table IVAO. Leather Production of 2003 in Balikesir Province, Balya, Ivrindi and Savastepe 96 Districts Table IVA1. Meat Production of 2003 in Balikesir Province, Batya, Ivrindi and Savastepe 97 Districts Table IV.42. Egg Production of 2003 in Balikesir Province. Balya, Ivrindi and Savastepe 97 Districts Table IV.43. Honey Production of 2003 in Balikesir Province, Balya, Ivrindi and Savastepe 97 Districts Table IV.44. Milk Production of 2003 in Canakkale Province, Biga. Can and Venice Districts 98 Table IVA5. Wool Production of 2003 in Canakkale Province, Biga, Can and Yen ice 98 Districts Table IV.46. Leather Production of 2003 in Canakkale Province, Biga, Can and Venice 99 Districts Table IVA7. Meat Production of 2003 in Canakkale Province, Biga, Can and Yen ice 99 Districts Table IV.48. Egg Production of 2003 in Canakkale Province, Biga, Can and Venice Districts 100 Table IVA9. Honey Production of 2003 in Canakkale Province, Biga, Can and Venice 100 Districts VII 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Page Table IV.50. Milk Production of 2003 in Manisa Province and Soma District 100 Table IV.51. Wool Production of 2003 in Manisa Province and Soma District 101 Table IV.52. Leather Production of 2003 in Manisa Province and Soma District 101 Table IV.53. Meal Production of 2003 in Manisa Province and Soma District 101 Table IV.54. Egg Production of 2003 in Manisa Province and Soma District 102 Table IV.55. Honey Production of 2003 in Manisa Province and Soma District 102 Table IV.56. Fish Production of Balikesir, Canakkale and Manisa Provinces and the 102 Comparison with the Production of Turkey Table IV.57. The Population According to the Activeness Economically In the Last Week of 103 Balikesir Province Table IV.58. The Population According to the Activeness Economically In the Last Week of 103 Canakkale Province Table IV.59. The Population According to the Activeness Economically In the Last Week of 103 Manisa Province Table IV.60. The Existing Diseases in Canakkale, Balikesir and Manisa Provinces 104 Table V.1. Dust Emission due to the Exhausts of the Heavy Construction Machines Used 111 in the Area Table V.2. Dust Emission due to the Exhausts of the Transportation Vehicles 112 Table V.3. Dust Emission due to the Construction Activities 112 Table V.4. Total PM Emission due to the Project 113 Table V.5. The Construction Machines those are used in Transformer Station and Energy 117 Line and Their Noise Levels Table V.6. The Variation with Distance of the Noise Level that would Occur in case of Working an Excavator. a Bulldozer, a Generator, a Tractor and a Truck at the 117 same time Table V.7. The Variation with Distance of the Noise Level that would Occur in case of Working a Truck. a Crane. a Wiring Machine, a Tractor and a Forklift at the 118 same time Table V.8. The Agricultural Fields Present in the 50 m Construction Corridor Along the 122 Route. Land Utilization Capabilities and Utilization Types Table V.9. The Maintenance Material of the Transmission Line 129 Table V.10. The Limit Values Determined About Exposure to EMAs by Non-Ionizing 13'1 Radiation Committee Table V.11. The Limit Values Determined by Turkish Standards Institute About Exposure to 131 EMAs Table V.12. The Measurement Interval For Electric and Magnetic Fields Caused by 380 kV 131 Energy Transmission Lines Table V.13. Comparative Environmental Benefit/Cost Analysis 136 Table V1I1.1. Mitigations Plan 143 Table V1I1.2. Monitoring Plan 146 Table V1I1.3. Emergency action plan 152 VIII 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EtA REPORT LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1. 380 kV Karabtga - Can - Soma Energy Transmission line and Map of 3 Production Transmission System of the Region Figure 11.1. The General View of the Kiyi Gemi Transformer Station 8 Figure 11.2 General View of Route Between Km 0+000 - 10+000 Where It is 8 Perpendicular Existing 154 kV Line Figure 11.3. General View of Line's Prospective Route Between Km 0+000 -10+000 9 Figure IIA Irrigation Canal on the Karacaali Road 9 Figure 11.5 A View of the Route Parllel to Existing 154 kV Line Between Km 20+000 - 11 30+000 (1) Figure 11.6. A View of the Route Parllel to Existing 154 kV line Between Km 20+000 - 11 30+000 (2) Figure 11.7. A View of the Calkoy Village From a Distance 12 Figure 11.8 Approximate Route of the Planned line in the Vicinity of Calkoy Village 12 Figure 11.9. A View of the Irrigation Pond Between Km 45+000 - 60+000 14 Figure 11.10 A View of the Planned Route Between Km 60+000 - 75+000 14 Figure 11.11. A View of the Akpinar Village Between Km 120+000 - 135+000 16 Figure 11.12. A View of the Beyce Village From a Distance Between Km 145+000 - 17 158+000 Figure 11.13 A View of Soma Thermal Power-Station 17 Figure IV.1. The Average. Minimum and Maximum Monthly Temperatures At The Project Area (Average of Savastepe, Venice, Soma. Ivrindi, Balya and Can 23 SMI Stations) Figure IV.2. The Average and Minimum relative Humidities at Savastepe, Venice, 24 Soma, tvrindi. Batya and Can SMt Stations Figure IV.3. The Average Cloudiness At Savastepe, Venice. Soma, Ivrindi. Balya and 25 Can SMI Stations Figure IVA. Average Monthly Rainfall At Savastepe. Venice, Soma, Ivrindi. Balya and 27 Can SMI Stations Figure IV.5. Wind Speed and Direction At Savastepe. Venice. Soma SMI Stations 28 Figure IV.6. Wind Speed and Direction At Ivrindi, Balya and Can SMI Stations 29 Figure IV.7. The General Topographic View of the Project line and the Close Vicinity 30 Figure IV.8. Stratigraphic Section of The Project Route and The Close 32 Figure IV.9. Geological Map of the Project Route and the Stratigraphical Section View 33 Figure IV.1 O. The Fault Line Map of The Project Route and Its Close Vicinity 34 Figure IV.11. The Seismic Region Map Of Canakkale Province 35 Figure IV.12. The Seismic Region Map Of Balikesir Province 36 Figure IV.13. The Seismic Region Map Of Manisa Province 36 Figure IV.14. Groundwaters Located At The Project Route and The Close Vicinity 37 Figure IV.1S. The Land Use Along The Project Route 50 IX 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Figure IV.16. The Land Use and the Agricultural Areas at the Project Route and Its 51 Close Vicinity Figure IV.17. A View of Pinarli Quarter, one of the Settlemnet on the Route 72 Figure IV.18. A View of the Agricultural Fields on the Route 72 Figure IV.19. The Irrigation Pond and The Forest Texture Located on the Route 73 Figure IV.20. The Views of the Stone Pine (Pinus pineal Forest 73 Figure IV.21. The Views of Kiyi Gemi Transformer Station at the Foreground and ICDAS 74 Co. at the Background Figure IV.22. Soma Thermal Power Station 74 Figure IV.23. Age Distributions in Balikesir Province, Balya, Ivrindi and Savastepe 78 Districts Figure IV.24. Age Distributions in Canakkale Province Biga, Can and Venice Districts 79 Figure IV.25. Age Distributions in Manisa Province Soma District 80 Figure V.1. General Information About Ditches 107 Figure V.2. The Main Machinery Used in Energy Transmission Line Projects 109 Figure V.3. The Volume of the Planned Septic Tank 115 Figure VA. The Variation of the Noise Level with Distance in the Construction Works 120 Figure V.5. The Variation of the Noise Level with Distance in the Construction Works 120 Figure IX.1 Public Participation Meeting - Project Information Brochure Front Page 159 Figure IX.2 Public Participation Meeting - Project Information Brochure Overieaf 160 Figure IX.3 Public Participation Meeting - Electric and Magnetic Fields Due to Energy 161 . Transmission - Front Page Figure IXA Public Participation Meeting - Electric and Magnetic Fields Due to Energy 162 Transmission - Overleaf x 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX A. OFFICIAL LETTERS OBTAINED FROM GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS Appendix A.1. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Forestry 171 Canakkale Regional Directorate of Forestry Appendix A.2. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Forestry Balikesir 173 Regional Directorate of Forestry Appendix A.3. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Forestry izmir 176 Regional Directorate of Forestry Appendix A.4. Republic of Turkey, Manisa Province, Soma Municipality, 178 Municipal Police Appendix A.5. Republic of Turkey, Manisa Province, Soma Municipality, 179 Directorate of Public Works Appendix A.6. Republic of Turkey, Biga Municipality, Directorate of 180 Infrastructural Works Appendix A.7. Republic of Turkey, ivnndl Municipality 181 Appendix A.8. Republic of Turkey, Canakkale Province, Venice Municipality 182 APPENDIX B. TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPS SHOWING PROJECT ROUTE Figure B.1 380 kV Karabiga - Can Soma Energy Transmission Line 183 Project Route and 5 km Study Corridor Figure B.2 380 kV Karabiga Can - Soma Energy Transmission Line 187 Current Land Use and Land Use Capability Class Map Figure B.3. 380 kV Karablga - Can - Soma Energy Transmission Line 191 Forestry Map Figure B.4. 380 kV Karabiga - Can Soma Energy Transmission Line 204 Project Route and Project Alternative Figure B.5 Basic Flow Chart 205 APPENDIX C. DATA QN BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 206 APPENDIX D PUBLIC PARTICIPATION MEETINGS 220 Appendix D.1. Canakkale Public Participation Minutes of Meeting and 222 Participation List Appendix D.2. Balikesir Public Participation Minutes of Meeting and Participation Ust 226 Appendix D.3 Manisa Public Participation Minutes of Meeting and Participation Ust 229 XI 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT 1 CHAPTER I DEFINITION AND PU~POSE OF THE PROJECT 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT CHAPTER I. DEFINITION AND PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT (The definition, economic life, the purposes of service, the fields of the . market or service and the importance and the necessities in scale of the country, region and/or province with respect to economic and social considerations in this field of the activities of the project) Establishing and operating an energy transmission line (ETL), that passes through Biga, Can and Yenice, Districts of Canakkale Province, Balya, Ivrindi and Savastepe, the Districts of Balikesir, Soma, Districts of Manisa, ha~gle circuit conductor of 3B 954 MCM and approximately 158 km 10!}g, is planned in the project. After the completion of the environmental impact assesment and ensuring the financial resource form World Bank, the line, that is planned to be constructed by Turkey Power Tranmission Co. (TEIAS), would have an economic life of 30 years. The 1/25.000 scale topographic map of the project route is given in Appendix B. The frequently occuring failures and the incapacity in meeting the electric need of the existing 154 kV energy transmission line, that transports electric between Biga, Districts of Canakkale and Soma, Districts of Manisa, causes economical losses at the region. In addition, as it is defined at the Electric Market Customer Services Regulation, that is published at the Official Gazette dated 25 September 2002 and no. 24887, the juridical person, who undertakes the distribution action, should serve as to offer enough, good quality and continuous electrical energy to all customers, and besides, should ensure good quality and continuous electrical energy to people, that are served, except the special reasons of force majeure or programmed cuttings. For these reasons, a new 380 kV energy transmission line is taken into agenda in addition to the existing 154 kV energy transmission line for not to cause environmental and economical losses. The project became important on account of preventing the faults and the cuttings and avoiding the local economical loss. The 380 kV Karabiga - can - Soma Thermal Power-Station (TPS) ETL Project is planned to start from Kiyi Gemi Transformer Station (TS), that is located at the Degirmencik Village, and end at Soma Thermal Power-Station, that is located at the Soma District. The basic flowchart of the project is given in Appendix B. It is planned to develop/strengthen the existing Kiyi Gemi TS, that the line would be connected to, after the construction phase of the project is finished. the line, that ends at 1,084 MW Soma TPS, is important on account of ensuring continuous energy to customers all around Turkey, especially West Anatolia and the foundation of the project would influence the regional economy and indirectly the Turkish economy positively. The energy production - transmission system map of the region, that shows the project position is presented in Figure 1.1. The social and economical policy is stated at the five years progress plan, that is prepared by State,Planning Organization (DPT). At the Eighth Five Year Progress Plan that covers the years between 2001 and 2005, it is emphasized that offering cheap, reliable and good quality of electrical energy to all customers at all time that is needed is one of the most important purposes in order to provide sustainable economical and social development in national scale. In addition, it is stated at the Eighth Five Year Progress Plan, that the electrical energy need of Turkey increases 10% until the last fourty years and the need would reach to 285 billion kWh until 2010, that was 118.5 billion kWh in 1999 (DPT, 2001). For this reason, to meet the increasing demand of the country for energy, the electrical energy projects become more important. The annual electrical energy need and production in Turkey for the years 1989 - 2010 is presented at Table 1.1. 380 kV KARABIGA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table 1.1. The Annual Electrical Energy Need And Production in Turkey (GPO, 2001) Year Electrical Enerav Need (GWh) Electrical Ener9~ Production (GWh) 1989 52.602 52,043 1990 54,408 57,543 1994 77,717 78,322 1995 85,645 86,248 1997 100,738 103,300 1998 108,799 111,020 1999 118,485 116,440 2000 126,800 124.200 I 2005 (Estimated) I 195.100 193,900 2010 (Estimated) I 285,000 ! ­ The electrical energy consumption per person of the provinces Balikesir, Canakkale and Manisa and some other provinces to compare is presented at Table 1.2. As it is seen from the table the electrical energy consumptions of the provinces discussed are around the average of Turkey. But, especially in Canakkale Province the electrical energy consumption per person is a bit high when it is compared with the other provinces and the average of Turkey, For this reason, the project, that would ensure to meet the existing energy demand of the three provinces and form the substructure for the future investments, has a special importance. Table 1.2. The Electrical Energy Consumption per Person for Some Provinces (TEiAl;>. 2002) , The Electrical Energy Co.nsumption per Person In Province Electrical Energy Consumption Electrical Energy Consumption !Province ,Province (kW/h) IkW/hl ~ir 1.296 1,761 i ',stanbul kale 1.828 :'zmir 2,858 'Manisa 1.162 Kars 567 I !Adana 1.556 Kocaeli 5.333 : :Adiyaman 849 Kahramanmaras 1.525 Ankara 1.199 :Mardin 710 Antalya 2.010 Muala 1,883 Artvin 830 Mus 289 Bilecik 6.666 Nevsehir 1.361 :Edime 1,544 INiade 1.146 jElazlg 770 Tekirdag 3.562 : Eskisehir 1,512 Usak 1.674 ! IErzurum 543 Zonouldak 3,429 : Gazlantep 1.875 Yalova 3,880 iGiresun 639 Karabuk 2,038 Hall!)' 1,753 Duzce 933 I ! Isparta 1.078 ! Turkev i 1,479 2 TEIAS 360 kV KARAB1GA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Map of Production - Transmission System of Turkey 2000 ,..... .... . ' .. ~~ Lines 380kV 154 kV 66kV ~. ~~.:t---..;.... .:.. ~~--~~ . ......4!. . - .­ ..,___. .ldl'.RMARA.(..II:Nw • .-­ ~~ . . ----- -- :--' .- ---- ---/ \.- "" . - - 1- ,~I~ t..lltrrr:7'f .. .. A:! _. POWER PlANT (PP) H~draulic ~P of TEIAS I• - In operation Hydraulic PP - under construction Important Hydraulic • Production company Hydraulic PP - has a ..... - PP - in the _.. Q contract signed by construction Ministry of Energy and programme Natural Resources .114'1>...... ........~ • .­ • .--.. Termic PP of TEAS ­ in operation T ermic PP of TEAS ­ • Responsible company PP - in operation (Hydraulic) Existing y] and Y]O PP under construction oI Termic PP of TEAS ­ in the construction I YI and YIO PP • under construction .­ .... ..... ..-.­ programme .. '.~"-.r."'~--~ -~--- Autoproducer PP 1I'" ......, > • I I and Y]O PP Y in the .... -~'~ ....,.. ..,""'. ...•..-1, (termic) - working parallel to the system construction programme Not to Scale Figure 1.1. 380 kV Karablga - Can - Soma Energy Transmission Line and Map of Production Transmission System of the Region N(])r //I {)Ct-/ Or- If ;Itr1 fl J AJ ii(eJ11s 3 of- F~filti2e; - iiI-50 ltd -rtej:/5/1 ., 1 j 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT CHAPTER II LOCATION OF THE PROJECT SITE 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT CHAPTER II. LOCATION OF THE PROJECT SITE 11.1. The Projection of the Line Route on the Land Usage Map, The Distance From The Residential Areas The route of the project, that is about 158 km long, passes through the provinces, Canakkale, Balikesir and Manisa. Biga, Can and Venice, Districts of Canakkale Province, Balya, Ivrindi and Savastepe, Districts of Balikesir, Soma, District of Manisa are the Districts that are in the route of the planned project. The route starts from about 1 km to the Sea of Marmara. The list of the residential areas, that are close to the project route, is given in Table 11.1. The 1/25.000 scale topographic map of project route is presented in Appendix B. 5 km corridor is assessed for the route of the transmission line within the scope of the Environmental Impact Assessment Studies. When the approximate route, that is determined by Turkey Power Tranmission Co. (TEIAS), is examined, it is established that the line passes through Kalatepe 1st Degree Archaeological and Natural Site. By taking the route to the south of 1st Degree Archaeological and Natural Site at this region, an alternative route to the route, that is determined by TEIAS, has been produced. The details of this route, that is named as Alternative 1, is given below. All the data assessed within the scope of this project is obtained from the studies carried out on the route determined as Alternative 1. The map of the alternative line is presented in Appendix B. Table 11.1. The Residential Areas that are In the Survey Area PtI4:trn tihv.e I Km Residential Area Direction Distance to The Route 1m) 0+000 Degirmencik I Biga west 1.250 6+125 Bevoba Parish I Biga west 250 10+250 Eskibalikli I Biga west 500 13+625 Karacaali I Biga east 750 14+000 Baliklicesme (Sub-district Center) I Biga west 2.500 16+800 Goktepe I Bioa east 1.500 19+250 Gundogdu (Sub-district Center) I Biqa west 1.500 22+000 Danisment I Biga west 1.000 28+000 Cihadive I Bioa west 1.250 28+600 Yanic I Biga west 2.500 34+500 Celtik I Biga west 1.250 42+000 Hacilar I Can east 100 38+375 Altikulac I Can east 2.000 44+500 Yeniceri I Can west 2.000 40+350 Maltepe I Can east 2.500 43+000 Comakli I Can east 2.500 46+900 Yaykin I Can east 500 48+450 Sameteli I Venice west 750 52+750 Calkoy I Yen ice northeast 1.250 55+875 Cinarcik I Venice south 1.000 56+250 Asagikaraasik I Venice north 2.300 59+000 Davutkoy I Yenice north 2.100 62+500 Nevruz I Venice northeast 300 63+500 Cakiroba I Yen ice northeast 2.500 64+500 Venice District west 1,500 66+000 Seyvan I Venice northeast 750 69+750 Namazgah I Yen Ice southwest 1.100 73+650 Baskoz I Venice northeast 2.500 73+950 Gundoqdu I Venice northeast 750 74+000 Kayatepe I Venice southwest 1.000 75+425 Bayatlar I Venice southwest 2.100 77+450 Korukoy I Yen ice : northeast 1.000 81+250 Boynanlar I Venice southwest 100 84+000 Altiparmak I Venice northeast 1.500 84+000 Hasanlar I Yen ice southwest 1.500 85+700 Alancik I Yenlce southwest 400 86+500 Pi'nar Quarter I Salya northeast 900 4 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Km Residential Area I Direction Distance to The Route (m) • 87+750 Oiboba Quarter I Balva northeasl 1,500 I 87+850 Hadvusuflar Quarter I Balya southwest 500 89+000 Yaylacik / Balya southwest 2,000 92+500 Bengiler I Balya northeast 400 94+000 Cigdem I Salya southwest 2.500 95+000 Haciisalar Parish I Balya southwest 1,400 96+000 • Habipler I Balva southwest 2,500 97+500 I Kasikci I Balya northeast 500 99+250 Goktepe / Balya northeast 250 102+250 I Medrese I Balya northeast 1,750 102+750 Akbas / Balva southwest , 1,400 106+250 Gomenie I Salya northeast 2,500 106+800 Kocabuk / Balva southwest 600 107+200 Soganbuku Ilvrindi northeast 1,000 110+000 Akeal/lvrindi northeast 1,000 110+875 Akcaloren Ilvrindi northeast 250 111+000 Kirazkoy Ilvrindi northeast 2,250 111+375 Komurcu Ilvrindi southwest I 750 114+975 Buvukfindik Ilvrindi southwest I 1.000 115+500 Yaren Ilvrindi northeast I 2.000 116+750 Erdel I Ivrindi east 500 117+250 Ada Quarter Ilvrindi east 1,250 118+000 Kucukfindik Ilvrindi west 1.600 118+375 Alikose Quarter Ilvrindi west 700 121+000 i Cukuroba Ilvondi west 2,000 ~ l~d~e/S""I.." southwest 750 Everci I Savastepe southwest 1,250 InGirii Quarter I Savastepe southwest 2.000 124+600 Pinarli Quarter I Savastepe southwest 1,000 124+250 Bevkov I Savastepe northeast 700 125+000 Kurukabaagae I Savastepe southwest 750 126+250 Akpinar I Savastepe northeast 200 127+000 Koledere I Savastepe east 1.250 127+250 Ciftlikderef Savastepe southwest 2.250 128+800 Cali Quarter I Savastepe east 1.000 129+450 Karacalar I Savastepe east 1+100 135+200 Savastepe District east 1,500 i 138+000 Kurudere I Savastepe west 1,000 138+590 Karacam I Soma west 2.000 144+450 Kiziloren I Soma southeast 2,000 145+875 Kumkoy I Soma west 500 146+800 Hecizl Soma west 1.500 • 147+000 Kucukisiklar I Soma west 2,500 150+000 Seyee I Soma east 1,000 152+625 Hatunkoy I Soma southwest 1,500 155+625 Fatih Quarter I Soma southwest 1,250 157+000 Istasyon Quarter I Soma southwest 800 157+000 Menderes Quarter I Soma southwest 250 157+200 Alaturk Quarter I Soma southwest 1.500 157+700 Linyit Quarter I Soma southwest 1,500 I 157+700 Yeni Quarter I Soma southwest 1,250 Soma District southwest 2,000 The project ends at Soma Transformer Station located in Soma District. A thermal power-station of Garp Lignite Enterprise and the coal washing and loading plants are located in the same area. Soma Thermal Power-Station, which started to work in the second half of 1950's, is one of the first thermal energy producing facilities of Turkey. The coal sector, especially lignite, has an important share in the primary energy production of Turkey. 33.5% of the electrical energy production of Turkey is acquired from thermal power-stations (www.yerel.org.tr). 5 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMiSSIoN LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT I .rs'"thljdlu1l~1 5lJ\dQl'l4?\i Tl? ~Wrbo 11.2. The Locations of the Activit~ Units of the Project (The presentation of ~ ~ lS' the locations in the project area of a~1 the administrative and social units, the technical infrastructure units and the other units, if exists, on the booking plan) 5 rW1 380 kV Karabiga - Can Soma TPS Ene'7QY Transmission Line is an energy transmission c~okF line construction project, that starts from! Biga (Canakkale) and ends at Soma (Manisa) along a 158 km route. It is envisaged br TEIAS that the environ~e performed in an are o~lt 2,5 km at the right and left of the lines each, along e route. With the help of these studies, which are performed in the area, the regions that would be risky in terms of public health and safety, and the regions, that have an importance from the ecological, social and cultural point of view, would be determined and passage of the line from these regions would be prevented. The construction works would be performed along a route, that has a width of 50 m, in the project discussed. 526 2 towers are planned to be fixed for the energy line, that would be established. 20q m of t 1-l'5\ iU::1'\ area for the towers and 4~ of area for the angle poin(would be exprQ£.!'iate~. In .: addition to this, an area of 50 m width arOrlg 158 km would be expropnatecf1Or the I easement. The surface areas of the fields, that would the easements be taken and :'! exprop~iated are given in Tabl~ 11.2. The e~erg~ p~odu~tio~/transmission system map Of~: the region that shows the location of the project IS given In Figure 1.1. , .-, OJ..; ~ft)1 Table 11.2. The Surface Areas of the Fields. That Would The Easements Be Taken and Expropriated I Area that would be Expropriated Quantity Area (t) c. Towers 200 m 2 501 100.200 m' >. .... ! a; it; 0 Angle Point 400 m' 25 10,000 m' .... The Total Area that would be xpropriated :: I 110,200 m' - 11 ha Easement (158000' m x 50 m) = I 7.900,000 m' 790ha • 158 km (158 X 1000) =158,000 m Approximately 11 ha of field would be expropriated for the towers and the activities would continue inside this area. In addition easement would be taken for the fields that the electrical wires would pass. The works for constructing the energy transmission line can be defined as the infrafitting, the upperfitting and the wiring of the towers. At the infrafitting, the base of the towers would be placed into four hollows and concreted after putting iron bars around the base of the tower for fixing. The infrastructure needed for earthing prepared at this phase. 1 electrode, if the ground resistance is below 20 ohms, and 4 electrodes, if the ground resistance is above 20 ohms, would be placed. At the upperfitting, after placing the base of the towers to the hollows, electric tower would be constructed by bolting the galvanized steel pylons to each other. After the construction of the tower, the insulators would be fixed to these pylons. For the wiring process a wiring machine would be used, during wiring, protection wires would be wired from the tower of the towers for protection from -thunderbolts,~ious bird repellents would be attached to the towers for keeping the birds away from the energy transmission lineJ - ,LI JJ I n '-t-net411J1e ~K- 6 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Firstly the use of the field would be changed at the areas, that the towers would be installed in the construction work. The construction work would be concentrated especially in the areas that the towers would be installed, so the destruction of the 50 m corridor along the route is not under discussion. But during wiring, which is the last phase of the line construction, the works would be performed for a short period of time inside this corridor. Totally 526 towers are planned to be installed along the route and 200 m2 of area for the towers and 400 m2 of area for the angle point is needed, so approximately 11 ha of area would be used along the route during the construction works. But since there would be no inconvenience to continue the ~ltUraJ...gctivi~S at the fields, that would be under the wires after installing the towers, therj;would e no change in the use o.f the fields during the operation phase. I, . r I (!. J h -f,U.II.j'7 . 0 l'i/D-Cf\ a-t~ {~ Lt? It ~to~UJ rvrvex..· Within the scope of the environmental impact assessment studies, the lartJd use capability classes and current land use map, that shows the alternative route and prepared by the forestry map, is presented in Appendix B. The field properties of the regions of the route, which the line would pass, is explained below. Km 0+000 - 10+000 The planned route of the project starts from 750 m south of Kiyi Gemi Transformer Station. It is planned to develop/strengthen the Kiyi Gemi TS before the project is finished. After the work of strengthening is finished, the connection of the ETL, which is planned in the project, and the TS would be established. The general view of the Kiyi Gemi Transformer Station is given in Figure 11.1. The altitude changes between 100/ 150 m in the region, that the project starts and has a distance of about 1 km from the Sea of Marmara. The line that is planned along the first 10 km part of the project, extends perpendicular to the existing 154 kV line (Figure 11.2 and Figure 11.3). There are 2 centers of population again in the first 10 km part. The first of them is Degirmencik Village, that is 1,250 m away from the line, that was located in the west at the starting point of the project. In this part, Soguksu Stream cuts the line at Km 2+250 and Salihlikahve Stream cuts the line at Km 3+925. Dutluk Stream is parallel to the line between Km 2+000 and Km 5+000 and Kerner Creek, that enters the 5 km survey area at around Km 5+800, is parallel to the line until Km 7+000. Beyoba Quarter is located in Km 6+125. The village, that is 250 m away from the line, is located in the east of the line. Kocabogaz Stream cuts the route at Km 9+75. Km 10+000 - 20+000 In this area, which is the second 10 km of the route, the topography becomes smooth and the altitude changes between 40/50 m at most times. At this part, that the distance between the surface curves enlarges, the plains and the meadows are formed. At Km 10+250. in the west of the route, Eskibalikli Village is located. After this Karacaali, Baliklicesme. Goktepe. Gundogdu population centers are located at Km 13+625, Km 14+000, Km 16+800, Km 19+250 respectively. The nearest population center to the route is Eskibalikli Village that is 500 m away from the route. Kocabogaz Stream flows parallel in the east of the line between Km 9+800 ile Km 12+000. Baglik Stream cuts the line at Km 13+375. Moreover, there are incontinuous streams in the area. At the same time there is a canal that is used for agricultural watering on the Karacaali road (Figure 11.4). 7 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Figure 11.1. The General View of the Kiyi Gemi Transformer Station Figure 11.2. General View of Route Between Km 0+000 10+000 Where It is Perpendicular Existing 154 kV Line 8 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT -------_. Figure 11.3. General View of Line's Prospective Route Between Km 0+000 10+000 Figure 11.4. lnigation Canal on the Karacaali Road 9 380 kV KARABIGA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Km 20+000 - 30+000 The topography remain smooth in the areas, that the approximate route passes, from Km 20+000 to Km 27+000. While the altitude changes between 30/40 m in. this interval, after Km 27+000, the elevations increases upto 100/300 m at the topography, that diplays changes like hills, valleys and ridges. The first. population center in this interval is Danisment, that is located at Km 24+300 and 1 km away from the line. Koca Creek divides the route Into two parts at Km 24+300. Canbogazi Stream is one of the most important surface stream in this interval. Canbogazi Stream cuts the line at Km 25+250 and continues to flow parallel to the route at the west side of the line until Km 29+000. Beside thesea lot of incontinuous streams cut the route or flow parallel in this region. Cihadiye and Yanic population centers are located Km 28+000 and Km 28+600 respectively. Both of the population centers, that are located in the west of the line, are outside of the impact area of the project. The planned line, that is along the part between Km 20+000 - 30+000, is parallel to the existing 154 kV Canakkale 1Biga ETL (Figure 11.5 and Figure 11.6). Km 30+000 - 45+000 The altitude changes between 100 and 300 m between these kilometers. There are 6 population centers in this interval, that the surface shapes are active. Celtik Village is located in the west of the line at Km 34+500. In the east of the line Altikulac, Maltepe; Hacilar and Comakli population centers are located at Km 38+375, Km 40+350, Km 42+000, Km 43+000 respectively. However, Yeniceri Village is located at Km 44+500 and 2 km away at west direction. Hacilar Village is the nearest population center, that is 100 m away from the route, out of the population centers, that are located at the east side of the line. Yeniceri population center is located at Km 44+500. Yeniceri Coal Mine, that belongs to Kalan Madencilik Co., is located close to the population center. The mine, which was operated by surface mining before, is an underground mine at present. In this part of the route Tekke Stream (dried stream) and Kavak Stream (dried stream) cut the line at Km 31+200 and Km 33+400 respectively. Maden Stream (dried stream) flows parallel at the east side of the line between Km 31+200 and Km 33+000. Karamislar Stream (dried stream) at Km 35+675, Gozem Stream (dried stream) at Km 40+000, Kocaburun Stream (dried stream) at Km 40+425 and at 41+420, Erputluk Stream (dried stream) at Km 43+975 and at Km 44+500 cut the line. Can Creek is the biggest surface stream in this interval. This creek, that enters into the survey area at Km 44+600, cuts the line at Km 42+ 750. Km 45+000 - 60+000 The altitude changes between 250 - 500 m in this region. In this area, that heterogeneous structure is observed in topography, Yaykin, Semeteli, Calkoy, Cinarcik, Asagikaraasik, Davutkoy population centers are located at Km 46+900,. Km 48+450, Km 52+750, Km 55+875, Km 56+250, Km 59+000 respectively. The distance of the nearest population center (Yaykin Village), that are discussed, is 500 m. The distant appearance of Calkoy Village and the approximate route of the planned line is presented in Figure 11.7 and Figure 11.8. 10 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Figure 11.5. A View of the Route Parllel to Existing 154 kV Line Between Km 20+000 30+000 (1) Figure 11.6. A View of the Route Parllello Existing 154 kV Line Between Km 20+000 30+000 (2) 11 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EtA REPORT Figure 11.7. A View of the Calkoy Village From a Distance Figure 11.8. Approximate Route of the Planned Line in the Vicinity of Galkoy Village 12 380 kV KARABIGA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT In this part Adaburun, Cukur and Kanli Streams (dried stream) cuts the line at Km 47+000, Km 47+950, Km 50+375. Karaaydin Stream cuts the line at Km 56+425 and flows parallel in the north side of the line until Km 58+200. The appearance of a pond. that is used for watering. at the same kilometer is given in Figure 11.9. Saya, Kiran. Salcaalan Dried Streams, that are located at the south of the line. combine at Km 59+850. at the north of the line. Akpinar Stream, that is at the south of the line, flows parallel and approximately 2 km away from the tine around Km 60+000. Km 60+000 - 75+000 In this interval of the project route, there are 7 villages and 1 district. The villages Nevruz, Cakiroba, Seyvan, Namazgah, Baskoz, Gundogdu and Kayatepe are located at Km 65+500, Km 63+500, Km 66+000, Km 69+750, Km 73+650, Km 73+950 and Km 74+000 respectively. Yenice District is located 1,500 km south of the line at Km 64+500. Between Km 68+000 and Km 71+000, the slope ratio in the topography is lower than the other regions in this interval. The general variable property in the topographic structure is the same in this region. The altitude changes between 250/400 m. The line, that is planned for the interval between Km 60+000 and Km 75+000, proceeds parallel to the existing 154 kV line, that is presented in Figure 11.10. Kizik Stream (dried stream) divides the line into two at Km 61+400 in the north/south direction. In this interval the streams, that are defined as dried streams similarly, Sarp, Bicki, Kurt, Ufak and Ayval cut the line at Km 62+500, Km 68+750, Km 69+400 Km 69+425 and Km 73+750 respectively. Beside these at Km 63+800 a watering canal cuts the line. Km 75+000 - 90+000 In the 5 km wide corridor between Km 78+000 and Km 82+000, in southlsoutheast direction the slope ratio decreases. Between Km 75+000 and Km 82+000 the altitude changes between 250/350 m but beyond this it increases up to 600 m. The population centers in this part are BayaUar at Km 75+425, Korukoy at Km 77+450, Boynanalar at Km 81+250, Altiparmak and Hasanlar at Km 84+000. Alancik at Km 85+700. Pinar Quarter at Km 86+500, Diboba Quarter at Km 87+750, Hadyusuflar Quarter at Km 87+850 and Yaylacik Village at Km 89+000. Boynanalar, that is 100 m away from the line, is the nearest population center to the line out of these population centers. Koca Creek, that enters into the survey corridor around Km 76+500, is the most important surface water in this interval. Koca Creek cuts the route around Km 76+550. Also in this interval a lot of dried streams cut the route. Patlak, Sirma, Yalama, Salman, Doseme and Katman are some of these, that cut the route at Km 77+500, Km 77+100, Km 83+750, Km 84+500, Km 88+750 and Km 89+400 respectively. Km 81+000 the dried streams Olucak and Camdere lie parallel to the route. 13 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Figure 11.9. A View of the Irrigation Pond Between Km 45+000 - 60+000 .. ­ Figure 11.10. A View of the Planned Route Between Km 60+000 - 75+000 14 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Km 90+000 - 105+000 In this area the altitude changes between 400/600 m. Bengiler, Cigdem, Habipler, Kasikci, Goktepe, Medrese, Akbas Villages and Haciisalar Quarter are located at Km 92+500, Km 94+000, Km 96+000, Km 97+500, Km 99+250, Km 102+250, Km 102+750 and Km 95+000 respectively. Koca Creek cuts the route again at Km 92+875. Beside these, 6 dried streams, that are inside the survey area, cut the route. These are Camtarla at Km 94+675, Comren' at Km 95+300, Gumuslu at Km 96+300, Gurgen at Km 98+125, Camdere at Km 100+450 and Armutlubogazi at Km 104+000. Km 105+000 - 120+000 In this part of the route there are 11 villages and 2 Quarters. Ada and Alikose Quarters are located at Km 117+250 and Km 118+375 respectively. The villages are Gomenic at Km 106+250, Kocabuk at Km 106+800, Soganbuku at Km 107+200, Akcal at Km 110+000, Akcaloren at Km 110+875, Kirazkoy at Km 111+000, Komurcu at Km 11+375, Buyukfindik at Km 114+975, Yaren at Km 115+500, Erdel at Km 116+750 and Kucukfindik at Km 118+000. Koca Creek cuts the route for the fourth time at Km 106+325 and flows towards east direction. Some surface waters, that are qualified as dried streams, cut the route also in this interval. These are Akyar Stream at Km 107+300, Kanarya Stream at Km 108+050, Sarlak Stream at Km 110+375, Kazakli Stream at Km 111+000, Gunburdek Stream at Km 113+250 and Karakulak Stream at Km 114+650. Cataloluk Stream and Kovanlik Stream flow parallel to the route between Km 115+000 and Km 117+000. Km 120+000 - 135+000 In the interval discussed 4 quarters and 8 villages are determined. The parishes incirli, Pinarli and Kurukabaagac, that are located at Km 124+500, Km 124+600 and Km 125+000 respectively, are at the southwest of the line. However Cali Quarter is located at the east of the line at Km 128+800. Beside these the villages Cukuroba, isadere, Eyerci, Beykoy, Akpinar, Koledere, Ciftlikdere and Karacalar are located at Km 121+000, Km 122+000, Km 123+500, Km 124+250, Km 126+250, Km 127+000, Km 127+250 and Km 129+450 respectively. In this interval, that the altitude changes between 400 - 600 m, at the areas, that remain at the east of the line, the elevation differences decrease after Km 130+000. A general view of Akpinar Village, that is one of the population areas in this region, is presented in Figure 11.11. The branches, that form Karakuz Stream (dried stream) by combining, cut the route three times at Km 120+000, Km 120+400 and Km 120+750. Also Dede and Kizilcikli Streams, that are defined as dried streams, cut the route at Km 120+600 and Km 122+000 respectively. Ciftlikderesi and Kozludere forms Citalan Stream, that flows parallel at the west side of the line between Km 129+500 and Km 133+000, by combining at Km 129+500. ince Stream, that is defined as dried stream, cuts the line at Km 133+000. 15 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Km 135+000 - 145+000 The slope decreases in the region, that the altitude changes between 250-350 m. Between Km 138+000 and Km 145+000 the topographic curves become rare and the smooth areas increase. Savastepe District is located at the east and 1.5 km away from the line at Km 135+200. There are villages Kurudere at Km 138+000, Karacam· at Km 138+590 and Kiziloren at Km 144+450. Km 145+000 - 158+000 In the last section of the project there are 5 villages, 6 quarters and 1 district. The villages are Kumkoy at Km 145+875, Heciz at Km 146+800, Kucukisiklar at Km 147+000, Beyce at Km 150+000 and Hatunkoy at Km 152+625. The distant view of Beyce Village and the existing 154 kV energy transmission line, that is parallel to the planned line in this region, can be seen in Figure 11.12. Fatih Quarter at Km 155+625, Istasyon and Menderes Quarters at Km 157+000, Ataturk Quarter at Km 157+200 and Linyit and Yeni Quarters at Km 157+700 are determined. Soma Thermal Power-Station, that is located at Soma District where the project ends, is located at the Km 157+750. A view of Soma TPS is given in Figure 11.13. In this region of the route Sazlik Stream (dried stream) cuts the route at Km 145+000. Pinarcik Stream and Kumkoy Stream flow parallel to the route between Km 145+000 and Km 147+000 and between Km 145+800 and Km 147+250 respectively. At Km 147+750 Kumkoy and Pinarcik Streams combine and form Kocatas Stream. Yenipinar Stream (dried stream) at Km 154+250 and Havizli Stream at Km 154+750 cut the route. Bakir Creek enters into the 5 km survey corridor at the west side at Km 156+000 and flows through the center of Soma District. It approaches to the southwest of the route by 1 km and flows out of the survey corridor. Figure 11.11. A View of the Akpinar Village Between Km 120+000 - 135+000 16 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Figure 11.12. A View of the Beyce Village From a Distance Between Km 145+000 - 158+000 Figure 11.13. A View of Soma Thermal Power-Station 1 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT CHAPTER III ECONOMICAL AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF THE PROJECT 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT CHAPTER III. ECONOMICAL AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF THE PROJECT 111.1. Financial Resources Related to the Project Widespreading The High Voltage Electricity Transmission Line Study, which is taken into account by Government Planning Organization in the "Strengthening the Site Structures Programme", has importance in ensuring infrastructure for a lot of sectors like industry, trade, agriculture, education and health for the three provinces, that are in advance in the classification of economical and social development. The 380 kV Karabiga - Can - Soma TPS Energy Transmission Line, which is taken into programme by Turkey Power Tranmission Co. (TEIAS), that is linked to Energy and Natural Resources Ministry, is a project that would be achieved by TEIAS by the World Bank credit. The cost of the project would be approximately 150,000 YTlIkm. The project is about 158 km longand the total cost of the energy transmission line is about 23,700,000 YTL. 111.2. Flowchart or Time Table of the Project The line that is planned to be started to construct by TEIAS in 2005, would have an economic life of 30 years. The project would be offered by TEIAS to the World Bank to ensure the financial support for the investment in case of taking "EIApositive" decision from Ministry of Environment and Forestry, that its EIA studies began in September 2004. Survey, expropriation and establishment stages will be initiated by ensuring the financial resources from World Bank.The locations of the towers would be determined along the line, which is determined in the EIA studies, the designing and expropriation studies would be performed. The construction work that is planned to be started in winter 2005 is expected to last one and a half years. The time table of the project is presented in Table 111.1. Table 111.1 The Time Table of the 380 kV Karabiga - Can - Soma TPS ETl Project ~ear' 2004 2005 2006 2007 Works eriod I 1 2 3 4 1 I 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 I I " :,; Ie; I EIA Procedure : Ensuring the financial support I • from the World Bank I .,,' : Survey distribution expropriation I I i SUb~aSS~mbIY , ",' ! I Upper-assembly , ' . rIC· I ~awing " .. .... I·tl;­ ~ ". I Performing necessary tests I ! i ." l : Operation ,.. -I 18 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT 111.3. Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Project The costs of the project can be generalized as ." The cost of expropriation 'y Ensuring the materials ., The cost of construction work (personnel employing, personnel needs, transportation, the fuel, that would be used for construction machinery, etc.) ." The cost of the precautions taken to minimize the environmental impacts, (waste disposal, reclamation of land etc.), environmental damage ~ Operation costs '/lU"j ~ '; Closure/renewal costs. )r~ The Karabiga - Can - Soma TPS Energy Transmission Line, tWat is about 158 km long, has a total cost of 23,700,000 YTL. But the env.ir.Q[lmental Q.am~e cos..,ts is not included in this total, because of the difficulties in calculating like almost all investment projects. Unlike the energy production plants, it is not possible to set the prices of this type of projects since the energy transmission lines aim to transmit the produced energy. But this project became important on account of preventing the losses caused by the cuttings due to the incapacity of the existing 154 kV line and by this way preventing the environmental, timing and economical losses in regional scale. Another benefit of the project is that the project would have a positive effect on the socioweconomical structure of the region due to the personnel that would be employed at the region. 111.4. Other Economic, Social and Infrastructure Activities Which are not within the Frame of the Project, but are Designed by the Owner of the Project or Other Firms in Relation with the Project The project, that starts form the Kiyi Gemi Transformer Station (TS), that is located at Biga, Canakkale, ends at Soma Thermal PowerwStation (TPS), that is located at Soma,. Manisa. Kiyi Gemi Power-Station is the starting point of the project, as it can be seen at the basic flowchart in Appendix B, and it is planned to develop/strengthen this powerw station after the construction phase of the 380 kV line is finished. There are two eXisting transformers, that have powers of 160 MW and 180 MW, r f 1 and four feeders, that belong to Icdas Celik Enerji Tersane Ulasim Sanayi Tesisi (ICDAS ';r,t',czk.f ~. Co.), which is located in the Kiyi Gemi Plant that is the starting pOint of the project. As it is , _~ ;,;.1'1/.11..1:<" -:fL stated aboveJt is Plann~trengthe~ ~e ImAS Plant for this purpose a new coal­ ""- . .--s ~urning ~t is pra;;nea-to join to the p~. fter constructing Ic oa urning Unit, that •• ~~ 1"-: would be started in two months and finished in the year 2005, two empty feeder would be . . ---'? attached at the switchyard, the burning power-station would be connected to the first , r:"-I!:[ , feeder, the other feeder would be left empty. It is planned to connect the 380 kV Karabiga - Can - Soma TPS Electrical Energy Transmission Line. that would be finished at the end of the project, to the empty feeder. .!J::... t/~ '" ;, ~rlSl,? /'~~ L .f There would be no variation due to the project at the ~Therm;i~~wer- 1[1AIc1<;(l ~n, where the project ends. Annually 8,000 tones of coal is recently b~the d f power-station, that has a power of 1,034 MW. After the construction works. the energy "tJl{) transmission line would be connected to the existing Soma Transformer Station, In this ylO4 z .., g6 III ~ l!: ::: ~ "­ w I­ 6 fl ~ '" ::: a: « --' ~ ih fl '" 8 z ~ ::; ii' 0 :;'::; ::; ~ ii' Z 0 SOMA IVRINDI 100% 100% 90% 90% 80% 80% 70% 70% 60% 60% 50% 50% 40% • Overcast days 40% (cloudiness 8 1-10 0) 30% 30% o Cloudy days 20% 20% (cloudiness 20-80) • Cloudless days 10% 10% (cloudiness 0.0-1 9) 0% 0% ~ .." ' w ~ if :( z -' ;; ;; :? fh " l­ g i:) z w U ~ '" ::: :;' ::; ~ > « ::; z ~ --' ~ " '" g i:) ii' "­ w z u w 0 :ll " ::; '" 0 BALVA CAN 100% 100% 90% 90% 80% 80% 70% 70% 60% 60% 50% 50% • Overcast days (cloud.ness 81-100) 40% 40% OOOudy days 30% 30% (cloudiness 2.0-8.0) 20% 20% • Ooudless days (cloud.ness 00-19) 10% 10% 0°' 10 0% z a: a: > z --' "­ u Z III :;; l!: a: g:>­ « z ~ " w "­ t­ il u w ~ ~ « ::; ~ « ;; ::; ;:; " iii w '" is z :::> '" ~ « 0 Z 0 '" Figure IV.3. The Average Cloudiness at Savastepe, Yenlce. Soma, Ivrindi, Balya and Can SMI Stations 25 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Rainfall The average annual rainfall amounts at Savastepe, Venice, Soma, Ivrindi, Balya and Can stations are 700.8 mm, 874.3 mm, 668.6 mm, 575.3 mm, 560.7 mm and 639.8 mm respectively. The data collected from six stations are summarized in Table IV.2 and the observed average monthly rainfalls are given in Figure IV.4. Savastepe Station: The maximum and minimum average monthly rainfall values are determined as 120 mm (December) and 5.5 mm (August) respectively, The maximum daily rainfall was observed as 92.9 mm in November. The average number of haily, frosty and snowy days in a year are 1.0,17.2 and 8.8, respectively. Venice Station: The maximum and minimum average monthly rainfall values are determined as 183.9 mm (December) and 9 mm (September) respectively The maximum daily rainfall was observed as 102.8 mm in November. The average number of haily, frosty and snowy days in a year are 0.6, 29.2 and 8.2, respectively. Soma Station: The maximum and minimum average monthly rainfall values are determined as 101.4 mm (January) and 3.6 mm (August) respectively. The maximum daily rainfall was observed as 77.5 mm in January. The average number of haily, frosty and snowy days in a year are 0.5, 25.3 and 5.3, respectively. Ivrindi Station: The maximum and minimum average monthly rainfall values are determined as 111.2 mm (December) and 1.0 mm (August) respectively. The maximum daily rainfall was observed as 95.0 mm in November. The average number of haily, frosty and snowy days in a year are 0.1, 25.6 and 6.9, respectively. Balya Station: The maximum and minimum average monthly rainfall values are determined as 115.8 mm (November) and 1.9 mm (August) respectively. The maximum daily rainfall was observed as 99.0 mm in November. The average number of haily, frosty and snowy days in a year are 0.7, 18.6 and 10.2, respectively. Can Station: The maximum and minimum average monthly rainfall values are determined as 101.3 mm (November) and 10.9 mm (August) respectively. The maximum daily rainfall was observed as 93.8 mm in October. The average number of haily, frosty and snowy days in a year are 1.3, 34.4 and 10.6, respectively. Table IV.2. Rainfall Data (mm) The annual Monthly Monthly average at haily, Station Annual·Average Daily Maximum Maximum Minimum frosty and snowy da s 5.5 92.9 Savastepe SMI 700.8 27.0 183.9 Yenice SMI 847.3 38,0 Soma SMI 668.6 31,1 Ivrindi SMI 575.3 32,6 Balya SMI 560.7 29.5 Can SMI 639.8 46,3 26 380 kV KARABIGA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT fv'bntHy Predpitation 2OO~--------------------------------------'~--------~1 _~VASTff£ 180 160 E 140 E _SCM\ -120 c: g 100 19 :§. u 80 _BALYA £ 60 _CA.N 40 20 -+- AVffil\GE o JAN FEB WAR AFR WAY JlN II AU; SEP ocr f'OJ 00:: Figure IV.4. Average Monthly Rainfall At Savastepe, Venice, Soma, Ivrindi, Balya and Can SMI Stations Wind The main wind directions and strengths at six stations are represented in Figure IV.5 and Figure IV.6. The weak and medium strength north winds dominate at Savastepe, Ivrindi and Balya Stations. The wind is in the ,north direction 51.63% of time at Savastepe Station, 38.28% of time at Ivrindi Station and 48.75% of time at Balya Station. The main wind direction is south east at Venice Station. The wind is in the south east direction 36.58% of time at this station. At Soma Station the north west wind is observed at medium strength most of the time. The main wind direction is south east at Can Station and the observed winds are in this direction 44.08% of time. The maximum wind speed is 2.1 beaufort at Savastepe Station, 2.2 beaufort at Venice Station, 2.4 beaufort at Soma Station, 1.9 beaufort at Ivrindi Station, 2.6 beaufort at Balya Station and 2.8 beaufort at Can Station. 27 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT SAVASTEPE SAVASTEPE N N 30 24 NW NE NW NE W E W E SIN SE SW SE S - - S p e e d (beaufort) S III reQuency (%) VENICE VENICE N 36 N 25 NW 26 NE NW 20 NE 05 W E W 00· E SW SE SW SE S CfreQuency (%j s _ _ speed fbeaUfon) SOMA SOMA N 25 N 40 20 32 NW NE NW NE 24 W SW '28 ',5 '. I" SE E W SW SE E S S CfreQuency ('!o) --speed (beaufut) Figure IV.S. Wind Speed and Direction At Savas,tepe, Yenice. Soma SMI Stations 28 380 kV KARASIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT IVRINDI IVRINDI N N 40 24 NW NE W E W E SW SE S --speed(oeautal) S IJfrequency (%) SALVA BALVA N N 50 32 NW NE NW NE W E W E SW SE SW SE S S --speed (oeautort) IJfrequency (%) CAN CAN N N so . 29 40 ; NW NE NE W SW V 20 10 - // / . SE E W SE E S S IJI requency (%) --speed (oeautat) Figure IV.6. Wind Speed and Dtrection At Ivnndi. Salya and Can SMI Stations 29 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT IV.2.2. The Geological Properties of the Line Route (1/25000 scaled geological maps and sections of tectonic movements, topographic properties, mineral resources, landslide, unique formations; avalanche, flood and rock fall) The project area starts from Canakkale Province Biga District and after Can and Venice it passes through Ivrindi, Balya and Savastepe Districts of Balikesir and ends at Manisa Province Soma District. The region has a wide range from the stratigraphic point of view and a distribution from Palaeozoic to Tertiary can be observed. The region that is very affluent in faulting is inside the 151 degree seismic zone. Geological Properties (Landslide, Unique Formations, Avalanche, Flood, Rock Fall Risk etc.) The difference in land shapes is due to the erosion and the different resistance of various rock types in erosion. Despite the region is inside the drastic grade landslide zone, the surface shapes do not have a very high topography at the project area along the line route. But at some places, in case of excessive rainfall, flood and mud flows could be seen at the slope of the high hills. According to the surveys performed, in the area the surface movements like mass slides, conglomerates, landslides along the hillsides could be observed. Topography The region has an altitude between 50 - 70 m from the topographic point of view. The topography is variable and the altitude increases in south direction. The general topographic view of the project line and the close vicinity is presented in Figure IV.7. Figure IV.7. The General Topographic View of the Project Line and the Close Vicinity 30 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Stratigraphy In the region the formation named as Paleozoic is formed with the units of conglomerate, sandstone, limestone and graywacke. Metamorphics are located below them and young age granite intrusions cut these units and go through them. The age of them could not be determined exactly but can be estimated to be between Pre-Cambrian and Permian. Then Permian age limestones and limestone blocks come over these. Generally the Mesozoik units are located at the east and southeast of Can. These units are formed by graywacke and spillite, which metamorphized very low and contain Permian and Carboniferous aged limestone blocks inside Trias between Biga - Can. These are followed inharmonious by Eocene aged units. Eocene flysch is formed by conglomerate, sandstone, limestone lithologies from top to bottom. Eocene aged fossils have been found and it was observed that they contain limestone, sandstone and conglomerate. In the region Neogene is represented with terrestrial facies. Usually formations are seen as phyroclastic and as in the semi-layers containing ash. In Neogene region. clay marls are at the below, decomposed limestones with clay are above these and also marl with gray clay and yellow sandstone are at the south of the region and at the top there are limestones with clay and marls. Formations, containing sand gravel and sometimes blocks, passing through others laterally or vertically are named as Quaternary aged. In the region Quaternary represented with conglomerate. Metamorphic rocks are seen between Karabiga - Lapseki in the region and are formed with kinds of gneiss, amphibolite, and different types of schists, quartz. metaconglomerate, metagraywache, marble and semi cyrstallized limestones. These metamorphic rocks, which are named as old foundations. mostly are cut by aplite dike, granite and granodiorite. The metamorphics which exist at the north of Can are formed of kinds of gneisses, schist and cyrstallized limestones lenses. These metamorphic rocks are covered with base conglomerates which are Eocene aged. Stratigrafical profile and the map of the project area and the vicinity are shown in Figure IV.S and Figure IV.9 (Pamir - Erentoz, 1973). 31 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT - - E G.l CII >­ (f) ... E G.l CII >­ CII G.l .;: G.l Lithology Explanation G.l c. en en c. :::;) ~ nI Conglomerate ... - c G.l Sand, nI ::s Gravel 0 (J G.l c Marl, '0 N G.l C) limestone with marl 0 c 0 G.l limestone with clay, G.l C) ~ z Sandstone nI tG.l .... Q) Limestone, c G.l CII Sandstone, 0 w Conglomerate (J (J "0 CII N 0 CII Limestonel, nI CII Q) ";: Graywacke :IE l- ........ c .!! ... E Q) limestone Q. (J '0 000000 N 0 ~ •• oO ............ Conglomerate, nI Q. .......... Sandstone, Limestone, Graywacke, Metamorphics, Granite intrusives Figure IV.8 Stratigraphic Section of the Project Route and the Close 32 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT r - - - - - LEGEND Q Quaternary II Neogene .f Eosene Flishy Triassic P Paleozoic Per Paleozoic M ..,t::oonnr'nhi,rl Pennian _ Permian· Mesozoic 0: Andesite. Spilite. Porphyritic Granite. Granodiorite N Scale ..t. ... . . 'f. ',"I'~" •.•"'· Figure IV.9. Geological Map of the Project Route and the Stratigraphical Section View (MTA. 1973) 33 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Tectonic Geology and Tectonic The volcanic rocks and hot water springs determine the fault system of the region at which there are a lot of small and big faults. Along Can - Biga fault Tepekoy Hot Spring and Can Hot Spring are located. Faults and Overthrusts The region is inside the 1SI degree seismic region along the route that the line passes. Especially east and southeast of Can is inside the impact area of the fault zones .. Can - Biga Fault Zone, Sarikoy Fault Zone, Venice - Gonen Fault and Manyas Fault that is a long fault zone, are present at this area. Beside these at the east a branch of North Anatolian Fault is located at the northwest of the area that the line passes. The fault line map of the route of the energy transmission line project and its close vicinity is given in Figure IV.1 O. . ... ,'" , .' :::' ....t w¥.~ ~ - ­ Active Fault Scale Overlap N L~ 0 40 i i Possible Active Fault Normal Fault Figure IV.10. The Fault Line Map of The Project Route And tts Close Vicinity Natural Disaster Condition and Seismicity The area that the line passes, is inside the 1sl degree seismic region at the Turkish Seismic Regions Map of Turkish Earthquake Research Department of Ministry of Public Works. Turkish seismic regions are graded according to the acceleration values as below. 34 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT • 1. Degree seismic region: expected acceleration value higher than 0.40 g • 2. Degree seismic region:expected acceleration value between 0.40 g and 0.30g • 3. Degree seismic region: expected acceleration value between 0.30 g and 0.20 g • 4. Degree seismic region: expected acceleration value between 0.20 g and 0.10 g • 5. Degree seismic region: expected acceleration value lower than 0.10 g The seismic region maps of Canakkale, Balikesir and Manisa Provinces, which are located on the project route, are presented in Figure IV.11, Figure IV.12 and Figure IV.13 respectively (www.deprem.gov.tr). At the project line route and its close vicinity, the last earthquake that has an intensity of higher than 5, is an earthquake, which had an intensity of 7 and occured in 1964. No big earthquakes occured after 1964. The earthquakes higher than 5 and occured at the project line and its close vicinity are given in Table IV.3 (www.boun.edu.tr). Table IV.3. The Earthquakes Higher Than 5 and Occured At the Project Line and Its Close Vicinity Mag Damaged , No Date Time Location Intensity Life Loss Ms Buildings 1 04.01.1935 16:41 Erdek (BALlKESIR) VIII 6.4 5 600 2 22.09.1939 02:36 Dikili (IZMIR) IX 6.6 60 1235 3 15.11.1942 19:01 Bigadic (BALlKESIR) 6.1 16 i 2187 4 06.10.1944 04:34 Ayvalik (BALIKESIR) IX 6.8 30 5500 5 18.03.1953 21 :06. Yenice (CANAKKALE) IX 7.2 265 6750 6 06.10.1964 16:31 Manyas (BALIKESIR) IX 7.0 23 5398 • Degree 1 Degree 2 Degree 3 Degree 4 D Degree 5 o 5 Km "'"" Figure IV.11. The Seismic Region Map of Canakkale Province 35 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT • f'.~.\: Degree 1 Degree 2 Degree 3 Degree 4 0 Degree 5 Figure IV.12. The Seismic Region Map Of Balikesir Province • Degree 1 Degree 2 Degree 3 Degree 4 o Degree5 o 5 Km t"'!!!'! Figure IV.13. The Seismic Region Map Of Manisa Province 36 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT IV.2.3. The Hydrogeological Properties of the Underground and Thermal Water Sources of the line Route (water levels, amounts, allowable amounts of withdrawal, flow of the sources, existing and planned usage) The nearest reservoirs to the project route are Can - Biga Reservoir that has a capacity of 18.5 x106 m3 , Gonen Sankoy Reservoir that has a capacity of 29 x106 m3 , Pazarkoy Kalkim Reservoir that has a capacity of 5.5 x106 m3 , Edremit Armutova Reservoir that has a capacity of 64.5 x106 m3, Balikesir Plain Reservoir that has a capacity of 36.8 x106 m3 and Sindirgi - Bigadic Plain Reservoir that has a capacity of 22 x106 m3 • The underground water research study map that shows the locations of the reservoirs discussed. can be seen in Figure IV.14 (DSI. 1991). .,,' '- .. , , • I '-' ....: .' " "K\rrAIi~A O·~ ." Figure IV.14. Groundwaters Located At The Project Route and The Close Vicinity (OSI, 1991) The water quality measurement results of the wells, which are located on the project route and were opened by DSI in different years for surveying or for a pay, are given below in Table IVA. Table IV.5. Table IV,6. Table IV.7 and Table IV.8. Table 1V.4. The Water Quality Measurement Results of the 54151 Numbered OSI Wen Opened at Canakkale Province In 1999 Well No Location Depth (m) Static level (m) Dynamic level (m) Output 54151 I I Bica District I 152 I I 15.25 I I 43.8 (Usn) 5.17 Water chemistry PH 7.42 SO'<, (meqlL) 0.48 6 ECx 10 (IJmhosfcm) 531 : %Na 44.46 Na' (meqfL) 2.61 SAR 2.028 K (meqfL) 0.04 Hardness (Fs') 16,6 I Ca'''(meqfL) 2.82 Fe (mgll) - Mg~«meq/L) 0.49 Boron (mg/l) 0.71 C03 '< (meqfL) 0 Nitrite 0.006 . HCO' J (meqfL) 4.38 Ammonia 0.03 cr (meqfL) 0.67 Organic matter1 (mg OJL) 0.69 ell tifJ·t.a ~L? 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT When the values given in Table IV.4 are compared with Water Pollution Control Regulation (31 December 2004 dated, No:25687)and the Quality Criteria of the Continental Water Sources Classes, all the criterions of the well discussed are generally at I. Class underground water class, but the chlorine concentration is at the Class II groundwater class with a very slight difference. Consequently this source could be used as drinking water and at food industry by refining the excess amount of chlorine. Also it can be said that this source is at the medium level salinity, low sodium water class by taking pH, electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption rate (SAR) and sodium percentage into consideration. Consequently this source could be used for irrigation all types of plants without performing special studies for salinity control at the areas, which have medium drainage. Table IV.S. The Water Quality Measurement Results of 53182 Numbered DSI Well Opened At Canakkale Province in 1998 Well No Location Depth (m) Static level (m) Dynamic level (m) Output I I I (Llsn) . 53182 I Can District I - I - I - I Water chemistry PHI 6.95 SO·<. (meq/L) 1.22 ECx10· (llmhos/cm) 1016 %Na 12.94 Na' (meq/L) 1.52 SAR 0,659 K' (meq/L) 0.06 Hardness (FsO) 53.2 Ca"(meq/L) 6.36 Fe (mglL) Mg"(meq/L) 4.27 ) O.S - CO;" (meq/L) a Nitrile nitrojen (mg/L) HCO 3 (meq/L) 10.25 Ammonium nitrogen (mg/L) cr (meq/L) 1.06 Organic matter (mg O,/L) When the values given in Table IV.5 are compared with Water Pollution Control Regulation (31 Dec~mber 2004 dated, No:25687) and the Quality Criteria of the Continental Water Sources Classes, all the criterions of the well that is located in Can District, are generally at Class I groundwater class, but the chlorine concentration is not at the Class I groundwater class. As the well located in Biga District. this source could also be used as drinking water and at food industry by refining the excess amount of chlorine. Also it can be said that this source is at the high level salinity, low sodium water class by taking pH, electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption rate (SAR) and sodium percentage into consideration. For this reason this source could not be used at the areas that has limited drainage. Salinity should be controlled. Besides, plants resistant to salt should be used at this type of areas. 38 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table IV.6. The Water Quality Measurement Results of 40023 Numbered OSI Well Opened At Balikesir Province in 1990 Well No 40023 I I Location Salya District I I Depth (m) . I I Static level (m) 6.2 I I Dynamic level (m) - Output (Usn) 2 Water chemistry PH 7.08 I SO. (meqIL) 0.59 ECx10 (~mhoslcm) 6 . %Na 500 17.808 ! Na' (meqIL) 0.85 ISAR 0.586 K' (meqIL) 0.06 • Hardness (FsO) 21 I I Ca"(meqiL) 2.9 I Fe (mg/L) Mg"(meqiL) 1.3 , Boron (mg/L) I 0.71 I CO," (meqIL) 0 I Nitrite 0.013 HCO' 3 (meqiL) 3.78 I Ammonia 0.1 cr (meqiL) O. 7 I Organic matter (mg 021L) When the values given in Table IV.6 are compared with Water Pollution Control Regulation (31 December 2004 dated, No:25687) and the Quality Criteria of the Continental Water Sources Classes, all the criterions of the well that is located in 8alya District, are generally at Class I underground water class like the other wells except the chlorine concentration. For using the water of this source as drinking water, refining the excess amount of chlorine and besides ensuring the required oxygen concentration by ventilation should be performed. Also it can be said that this source is at the medium level salinity, low sodium water class by taking pH. electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption rate (SAR) and sodium percentage into consideration. Consequently also this source could be used for irrigation all types of plants without performing special studies for salinity control at the areas, which have medium drainage. Table IV.7. The Water Quality Measurement Results of 49123 Numbered DSI Well Opened At Balikesir Province in 1995 Well No I Location I Depth (m) I Static level (m) I Dynamic level (m) Output (Usn) 49123 I Iwindi District I 86 I 6.2 I 25.6 3 Water chemistry PH 8.4 . SO". (meq/L) 34.09 I ECxl0 (~mhoslcm) 6 2916 I %Na 36.012 Na' (meqiL) 10.65 SAR ! 3.336 K' (meqiL) 0.82 Hardness (F SO) 21 Ca'L(meqlL) 14.06 Fe (mg/L) . Mg'L(meq/L) 6.32 Boron (mglL) 0.15 i COl (meqiL) 0 Nitrite 0 HCO' 3 (meq/L) 0.5 I Ammonia 1.11 cr (meqiL) 0.95 Organic matter(mg O,tL) 0.32 39 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT When the values given in Table IV.7 are compared with Water Pollution Control Regulation (31 December 2004 dated, No:25687) and the Quality Criteria of the Continental Water Sources Classes, the sodium, chloride and sulphate concentrations of the well that is located in Ivrindi District, are at Class III groundwater class. Consequently the usage place of this water would be determined by the refining level in economic, technological and health aspects. On the other hand it can be said that this source is at the very high level salinity, low sodium water class by taking pH, electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption rate (SAR) and sodium percentage into consideration. This type of water could be used for irrigation in case of ensuring special conditions like permeable soil, sufficient drainage. irrigation amply to ensure a complete washing and selecting plants very resistant to salt. Table IV.S. The Water Quality Measurement Results of 28545 Numbered OSI Well Opened At Manisa Province in 1981 Well No I Location I Dej:)th (m) I Static level (m) I Dynamic level (m) ~ 28545 I Soma District I 130 I 9.08 I 11.59 Water chemistry PH 7.7 SO", (meq/L) 0,15 ECx10· (Ilmhos/cm) 705 • %Na 31,034 Na' (meqlL) 2.18 SAR 1.378 K' (meq/L) 0.07 , ...rdness (FsO) 25 Ca'''(meqlL) 2.4 Fe (mg/L) . Mg"(meq/L) 2.6 Boron (mg/L) 0.15 C0 3' (meq/L) 0 Nitnte nitrogen (mglL) 0 HCO' 3 (meqlL) 6.1 Ammonium nitrogen (mglL) 0 '" cr (meqlL) 1 Organic matter (mg O,tL) 0.8 When the values given in Table IV.8 are compared with Water Pollution Control Regulation (31 December 2004 dated, No:25687) and the Quality Criteria of the Continental Water Sources Classes. the chloride concentration of the well discussed are at Class II groundwater class and the other criteria are at the Class I groundwater class, Consequently as stated before. by refining the excess amount of chlorine and the refining techniques, which would ensure the required oxygen, the water could be used as drinking water and in food industry. On the other hand it can be said that this source is at the medium level salinity, low sodium water class by taking pH, electrical conductivity. sodium adsorption rate (SAR) and sodium percentage into consideration. Consequently this source could be used for irrigation all types of plants without performing special studies for salinity control at the areas, which have medium drainage. The total of Ca+ 2 and Mg+2 values given in the tables is equal to the overall hardness and the total of the carbonate (C0 3·2) and bicarbonate (HCO'\) ions is equal to ~ the overall alkalinity. In case the hardness is larger than the total of carbonate and I I bicarbonate alkalinities, the equivalence part of the hardness to the total alkalinity is called as ! "Carbonate hardness" and the rest is called as "NonCarbonate hardness". If the hardness is less than or equal to the total of bicarbonate and carbonate alkalinities, all hardness would be carbonate hardness and there would be no noncarbonate hardness. Carbonate hardness is called as temporary hardness at the same time. The reason of this is that the sediment that J Mh r/~ kttt/cirJ !-,v. c& 1L '2 40 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT is formed after evaporation, contains (CaC0 3 ) essentially and it could be removed by using acid. In the perpetual (permanent) hardness, which is the difference between the total hardness and the carbonate hardness, the sediment that is formed after evaporation, can not be removed by using acid. At the wells, which are located at Biga, Can, Balya and Soma Districts, the total hardness is less than the total alkalinity. Consequently the hardness of the wells is the carbonate hardness (Carbonate hardness = Total hardness) and this hardness can be removed by using acid. At the well that is located at Ivrindi District, the total hardness is. larger than the total alkalinity and for this reason 91 % of the total hardness is formed by permanent hardness (Carbonate hardness = Total alkalinity). This type of hardness can not be removed by using acid, softening techniques should be used. The water that has hardness >300 mg/L CaC0 3 , is classified as very hard water, the water that has 150 mg/L CaC0 3< hardness <300 mg/L CaC0 3 , is classified as hard water, the water that has hardness 50-150 mg/L CaC0 3, is classified as medium hard water and the water that has hardness <50 mg/L CaC0 3, is classified as soft water. According to this classification, the water of the wells, which are located at Biga, Balya Ivridi and Soma Districts, are in the hard water class and the water of the well, which is located in Can District, is in the very hard water class. Using hard waters at home causes more soap and cleaning products consumption. Hard waters causes soap sediments, which are very hard to clean, at the places they touch. Besides, electrical and fuel consumption increases because of the calcination. The hard water should be soften before using for drinking and at home (Reynolds, 1997). According to Turkish Geothermal Inventory, which was prepared by General Directorate of Mineral Exploration and Research (MTA) in 1996, only at Can District geothermal sources exist at the portion of the project route that passes through Canakkale Province. The three geothermal areas originate from three different sources. In Balikesir Province, out of the districts that are on the project route, one source is present at only Balya District. This source is used as thermal spring and for heating the thermal spring plant. The inventory of the sources discussed can be seen in Table IV.9 (MTA, 1996). Table IV.9. The Geothermal Energy Sources of the Districts of Canakkale and Balikesir Provinces Located on the Project Route SOURCE Geothermal Area Thermal Water Temperature Output Potantial Usage Area Plant Name Source Name COG) (Itlsn.) (MWt) Canakkale Province At the thermal spring and heating the Thermal CAN Can 40 - - thermal spring plant Spring and the city partially At the thermal spring CAN-KIRKGECIT Kirkgecit 60 5 0,52 and heating the - thermal spring plant At the thermal spring CAN-ETILI­ TEPEKOY Etili-Tepekoy 30-52 2,8 0.20 and heating the - thermal spring plant Balikesir Province At the thermal spring BALYA-ILICA Pools and Sand Thermal 56-60 3.3 0.35 and heating the (SAMLI) Baths Spring I thermal spring plant 41 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT IV.2.4. The Hydrological Properties, Existing and Planned Use of Surface Water Sources (Drinking, uSage, irrigation water, electricity generation, dam, lake, pond, production of water products, water way transportation plants, water and/or coast usage for turism, sports etc, other uses) There are small and large surface waters. which cut the route or flow parallel, at some points in the project area and its close vicinity. The names of these surface waters, the location, where they cut the route, and the intervals that they flow parallel, are given in Table IV.10. Table IV.10. The Surface Waters Located At The Project Area Km that The Surface Water Cuts ! The Km and The Direction that The The Name of The Surface Water Surface Water Flows Parallel I The Line Soguksu Stream (dried stream) Km 02+250 - ! Salihkahve Stream Km 03+925 ­ Dutluk Stream I Km 2+000 - Km 5+000 Kerner Creek - Km 5+800 - Km 7+000 Kocaboaaz Stream Km 09+750 I 9+800 - 12+000,east Baglik Stream Km 13+375 I - Km 24+300, Km 76+550 I Koca Creek Km 92+875 and Km 106+325 I Canbogazi Stream Km 25+250 I Km 25+250 - Km 29+000, west I ~ Tekke Stream (dried stream) Km 31+200 - Kavak Stream (dried stream) Km 33+400 - Maden Stream (dried stream) - I Km 31 +200 - Km 33+000. east I Karamislar Stream (dried stream) Km 35+675 - Gozem Stream (dried stream) Km 40+000 - Kocaburun Stream (dried stream) Km 40+425 and Km 41+420 - Erputluk Stream (dried stream) Km 43+975 and Km 44+500 - Can Creek Km.42+750 · Adaburun Stream Km 47+000 · , , Cukur Stream Km 47+950 - ! Kanli Stream (dried stream) Km 50+375 - i Karaavdin Stream Km 56+425 Km 56+425 - Km 58+200, north I Akpinar Stream - - Km 60+000 Kilik Stream (dried stream) Km 61+400 - Sarp Stream (dried stream) Km 62+500 - Bicki Stream (dried stream) Km 68+750 - Kurt Stream (dried stream) Km 69+400 - i Ufak Stream (dried stream) Km 69+425 - Awal Stream (dried stream I Km 73+750 - • I Patlak Stream (dried stream) Km 77+500 - , Sirma Stream (dried stream) Km 77+100 · , Yalama Stream (dried stream) Km 83+750 · Salman Stream (dried stream) Km 84+500 - Doseme Stream (dried streamY Km 88+750 - Katman Stream (dried stream) Km 89+400 - Olucak Stream (dried stream) - - Km 81+000 , Camdere Stream (dried stream) - - Km 81+000 I Camtarla Stream (dried stream) Km 94+675 - , Comren Stream (dried stream) Km 95+300 · I Gumuslu Stream (dried stream) Km 96+300 - Gurgen Stream (dried stream) Km 98+125 - Camdere Stream (dried stream) ! Km 100+450 , - Armutlubogazi Stream (dried stream) Km 104+000 - , Akyar Stream (dried stream) Km 107+300 Kanarya Stream (dried stream) Km 108+050 , Sarlak Stream (dried stream) Km 110+375 Kazakli Stream (dried stream) Km 111+000 Gunburdek Stream (dried stream) Km 113+250 : Karakulak Stream (dried stream) Km 114+650 Cataloluk Stream - Km 115+000 Km 117+000 Kovanllk Stream - Km 115+000 Km 117+000 l Dede Stream Km 120+600 • - 42 380 kV KARASI GA - CAN ::. TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT b. Km that The Surface Water Cuts The Km and The Direction that '1. The Name of The Surface Water The Line Surface Water Flows Parallel Km 122+000 Km 129+500 - Km 133+000, West Km 133+00 Km 139+800 Km145~+O~0~0------~--------------------- The most important river of Soma Basin is Bakircay that flows from east to west Bakir Creek enters into the 5 km survey corridor at Km 156+000 at the west side and passes through Soma District Center. It passes 1 Km at the southwest of the route and leaves the survey corridor. There are a lot of creeks, which combine to this river from north ~nd south. One of the most important of these is Yagcili Creek, Sevisler Dam. which started to operate in 1981 on Yagcili Creek. is one of the dams. which are used for drinking water. Savastepe Dam is an other dam that is near to the project area. The dam, which has a distance of 3-3,5 km to the route, is one of the three dam lakes of the province. Kocacay comes out from the Madra mountain. combines with Dadalar Creek at Gungormez location and flows to Manyas Lake. The flow of the creek is irregular, it increases in winters due to the rainfalls and it decreases in summers or dries completely. The 28 year average flow of this creek that was measured by EIE. is 132 m3 /s and the total drainage area of the creek is 21,611 km 2 (EIE. 1996). The Kocacay forms the fertile Ir -L .I ivrindi Plain by widening its valley at the lower regions of Madra Mountain. The Kocacay ""~lrDelta is formed at the point, where the Kocacay flows to the Sea of Marmara. Kocacay . JJv '-- J:i; ~v:J~), / %'~l Delta ha~ hi~torical, regional ~etland properties; it has an i":portant ~roperty due to its L I for. flora and 10 _ ocal and migratory birds. The area that ,, r. '- ,j'J IS ction of the Ramsar Aggre nt, is the reproduction asin of the oceanic :"':1 //C1 ('j;fU{ I ~nake fi§.b&s. The n akes, which are sustained by Kocacay that has a [j' {~l / \ total area of 194 hectare at the west side of the delta and formed by the combination of Susurluk Creek, Karadere that is the discharge of Manyas Lake, the discharge of Ulubat 1 Lake and Nilufer Creek. has 600 hectare reed-beds, the 730 hectare forests, formed by ,I common ashes. common alders and willows, and a sand-dune zone that has a very JV composite flora. At the east side of the delta there are Arapciftligi Lake, agricultural areas, fruiting gardens, sand-dunes, reed-beds and mud plains covered with sea cherry-beans and tamarisk (www.tbmm.gov.tr). IV.2.S. Minerals and Fossil Fuel Sources According to the Turkish Geothermal Inventory that was prepared by General Directorate of Mineral Exploration and Research in 1996, the important minerals of the three provinces located on the route and their locations can be seen in Table IV. 11 . 43 TEIAS 380 kV KARJI,61QA :-c..CAN - SOMA ENE8QY IBANSMJSSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT n Table IV.11. The Mineral Deposits in Canakkale, 8alikesir and Manisa Provinces and Their Locations (MTA, 1996) DEPOSITS ----­ SYMBOL CANAKKALE BAUKESIR MANISA 0 Akbaba Site GOLD (Au) 0 Sahinli Site 0 Havran Bed o Salihli-Sart Bed 0 Kartaldaq Site 0 Kepsut-Beykoy Site o Salihli-Bozdag Bed c---­ 0 Erdek-Tatlisu Site ANTIMONY (Sb) - 0 Ivrindi-Gozlucayir, Yaylakiran. Korucu Site -------­ -------­ • Kucukvenice -------­ ASBESTOS (Asb) • Dombaycilar art (Alakeci), Biga (Cakirli. . Oeqirmencik), Kizilviran. Cakirli Beds - o Salihli (Hacihidir) Site 1-------­ -------- 0 Ayvalik-Maden Island (Pindos Island) copper-lead-zinc site 0 0 Biga-Maden. Sarkat river bed Yenice-Culfa. Alan Dere, Kurttasi, Kalkim. Arapucan Site · 0 Dursunbey-Gugu-Demirboku Ridge copper-lead-zinc sile Dursunbey-Kulat Farm copper-lead-zinc (Cu-Pb- COPPER-LEAD-ZINC Zn) • Bayramic-Kustepe Site site • Selendi-Rahmanlar Village 0 Can. Lapseki-Dogancilar. Degirmendere, • Edremit-Altinoluk lead-zinc-pyrite Site Kundakcilar Sites • Havran-Kozcagiz (Fazlica) copper-Iead­ pyrite-zinc site • 8alya Mine (Ari Ortamagra-Sarisu­ Hastane Hill) copper-lead-zinc site ~j · -------- BORON BiQadic Bed BARITE (Ba) 0 Lapseki - Kurudere Sile - ._- BENTONiTE (Ben) • Bavramic (Ickursunlu) Site - MERCURY (Hg) - • Gonen-Sarikoy Site • Alasehir-Kozluca, Bahcedere Site 0 Savastepe-SoQucak Site CEMENT RAW MAT. • Gelibolu Site - • Alasehir and Soma Sile IRON (Fe) · Yenice-Camova Site · • Havran-Eymir Bed Ayvalik-Ayazmanl Bed • Bayramic-Kuscayiri Sile 0 Samli Bed 0 Edremil-Yasyer Site -------­ ._--­ GYPS - 0 Susurluk Site - GRAPHITE (Grt) - - ­ • CanakkaleReqion Biga- Yuvalar Bed - - SILVER (Ag) • Karlaldaa-Kirazli Bed - - ~JENE (Dis) - - • Manisa-Oemirci Site FELDSPAT (Fld) - - • Manisa Province - Oemirci ~PHATE (PI - - o Demirci-Raqillar. Kale Tepe Site 0 Sindirgi-Duvertepe Site • Can-Yayakoy, Bahadirli. Akpinar Sile. • Sindirgi-Mumcu Site KAOLIN (Kao) • • • Catlikara-Tasagil T. Site Catlikara-Amanca. Karatepe Bayramic-Sogutgedigi Site · • Ivrindi-Kucukyenicekoy Site Gonen-'licaoba, Sogut Koyu Site • Gordes (Gunesli, Doganpinar, Kobaklar) • · Bayramic-Karaibrahimler Cam T. Ayvalik-Alibeytepe. 69 Rakimli Hill, Kucuk Koy Direnli Hill Site 44 TEIAS 380 kV KARABIGA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table IV .11. The Minerai Deposits in Canakkale, Balikesir and Manisa Provinces and Their Locations (MTA, 1996) DEPOSITS SYMBOL CANAKKAlE BALIKESIR MANISA CLAY • Yenice-Yariskoy, Candere Site • Balya-Bengiler Site • Camyagankoy Site • Balya-Koyuneri Site • Bayramic-Amancakopektasi Site • Gonen-Sebepli Eriklialan Site ~STONE --(Lms) -­ , • Bandirma-Mamun Village -­ CHROME (Cr) • Dursunbey (Durubeyler, Cakirca Village, Catalcam) -------------­ • Taskoy, Gonen (Alacaoluk, Findikli, SULPHUR (S) Gaybular Koyu), Kobaklar ve Musluk -----­ ----------­ Villages -------­ • Ezine-Ahlatoba, Camlica, Gokceici, Kemerdere QUARTZ (Q) Sile - • Akhisar-Gokceahmel, Dingiller Village Sile SANO-GRAVEL - • Akhisar-Golmarmara-Gordes River • Gordes-Samanlik Creek Site SULPHUR (5) • Manisa-Demirci-Irisler Sile • Can, Kumartar Site • Bigadic-Turfullar Site • Muradiye (Sumbuller, Maltepe), Kula MANGANESE (Mn) • Lapseki-ilyasli Site • Edremit-Sahviren Site (Papuclu) • Dursunbey-Karaagac and Gokcedag Sites MAGNESITE (Mag) • Intepe (Karantina Village) • Dursunbey-Camharman, Sarimsak Village • Saruhanli-Heybeli Sile • Marmara Island • Cayustu Koyu-Kumru Tuyu MARBLE (Mr) • Ezine (Bergaz, Geyikli, Tavakli) Site · • Manyas-Kocoglu Koyu-Manyas Ayvalik-Bagyuzu Koyu-Ayvalik Granite • Demirci-Borlu, Saraycik Village-Demirci Onyx Marble · Bigadic-Cayustu Koyu-Balikesir Onyx Marble • Gordes-Comakli Oag, Kovancili Sites · ---­ ----------- MOLYBDENUM (Mo) Biga (Dikmenkoy). Venice (Sofular, Cakiroba), • Havran (Kalabak Village) Site --­ Bayramic (Tongurlu) ----------­ NICKEL - (NiL -------­ - • "T.llrgut!u-Caldag Site WOLFRAMITE (W) • Yen ice (Hamdibey Koy, Adapires, Kireclik - m~reek. Cakir,oba) PERliTE PYROPHViTffE'---­ (Per) -­ -------­ - · · Balikesir-Savastepe-Guvemkoy Balikesir-Sindirgi-Gozorenkoy Site - (Prf) -------­ • Oemirci-Usumus Sile (Talc) • Near Kepsut-Orenli, Serceoren, Yaylabasi TALC - talc beds inside Paleozoic aged ----------­ metamorphic schists • Demirci-l/ <1. j Commission (http://195.142.144.2/dmp/sube/KorunanAlanIYHGS.htrv)·/., 7 {.e; IV ~. /1~r,JtIL QL5S t The other Wild Life Protection Sites, which ar~to the route or the survey corridor,. are; the areas the Balikesir province boundary folfowing the Sogutcuk-Belen village road in Manisa Province, Soma District at the north and at the south from the Uzunahir Vii/age to the highway that connects the Akcaavlu, Dualar village roads to Soma District; and the areas those cover Kumegrek, Celebi Cay and Gurgan mountain series located at Canakkale Bayramic and Katrandag and Babadag series of Karakoy, Cirpilar and Evciler regions of Bayramic Directorate of Forestry Management. This area ends at the south of Hatunkoy village boundary, which is located in the survey corridor (http://195.142.144.2/dmp/sube/KorunanAlanIYHYS.htm). The areas, at which hunting is forbidden by Central Hunting Commission, are the area between Cihadiye and Geredeli Villages at Biga District. the area between Cakilkoy and Zeybekcayiri Villages at Can District and the area between Namazgah and Hidirlar Villages at Venice District in Canakkale Province. There is not any Wild Life Protection Site, Wild Life Development Area or an area, at which hunting is forbidden by Central Hunting Commission, in the survey corridor in Balikesir Province. In addition to these, along the 5 km survey area of the project, there is not any area, which is determined under the the title of "Specia"y Protected Areas" of NO.2872 Environment Law (http://195.142.144.2/dmp/sube/KorunanAlan/YHGS.htrn, 2004). 56 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECTEIA REPORT According to No.2863 Cultural and Natural Assets Protection Law, within the coverage of "Cultural Assets". "Natural Assets", "Site" and "Protection Areas" titles, there is an ancient population center, which is a 15t Degree Archeological Site, at Km 58+000 a~t CantJkkale F'rovtrlce, Yenice-rnStrict, Davutkoy in the impact area of the project and Kaletepe, which is a 1st Degree Natural and Archeological Site, at Km 53+000, where the line passes through, at Venice District, Calkoy. In addition to these, UyucekTepe Tumulus that is declared as an archeological site, is located between Km 139+000 and 140+000 beside the Yagcili Creek at Manisa Province, Soma District. The detailed information about the cultural asset is given in Cultural Inventory in Table IV.16 as stated above (I.C. /AM! { TKB. 2004), (www.kulturturizm.gov.tr. 2004). Savastepe Dam is the n~ ~e proj~a and the project line is not in1 the boundaries of The Unconditional Protection, Short Distance or Medium Distance i Protection Areas, which are defined at the 17. Article of Water Pollution Control \ Regulation (31 December 2004 dated, No:25687), of the dam. B. u.t some part. of the lin:J enters into The Long Distance Protection Area boundaries. - UJkf~~ ~~ In addition, at the pasture areas located inside the survey corridor of the project route, within the coverage of the energy transmission line project a change in the ? allocation purpose would be performed by TEIAS according to the 14. article of 4342 numbered Pasture Law. The survey of the areas, those have importance in scientific studies and/or are the living environment of the species, which are in danger or could be in danger, and the endemic species of our country, continue. Within the coverage of EIA, detailed information about the species around the project area and their danger status would be given. 7 . f o;(wJ -'iti1l ff7W /41 r/JiJ[;OtUfJ~a~' <)Jf-I/) ~ l)v / ; . / () rl ./ If I {-'CliffSa'v / c)JMJP V}~ . ~ 1/CIJIt1U;V 7J!1 Wi --t4~ CP7!~(mIdW (f/!IJuch )(feb ;:> 5' !Gt;.7 k c;/ *':! J14~ lJ 57 TEIAS 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table IV.16. Cultural Inventory (Ministry of Culture and Tourism, General Directorate of Cultural Assets and Museums, 2004) -------- , Provlnce·District Name Address Group Ty'pe, km Direction Dist. (km) Canak kale-Biga _Agakoy ¥v;a~ In the borders of Agakoy and Pekmezli Villages Archeological Site GraVeyardX 19 E 3 -~~~~~~ ---------­ ~~~- -~ - ------­ Canakkale-Biga 1'1 Degree Archeological Site Ba~acak Village Archeological Site Archeological Site ') 26 W 2~75 ---------­ Ancient Settlement 1" Degree Natural Ancient city - Natural Canakkale-Can Altikulac Village Other and Archeological 38 E 2 and Archeological Site Site Fortress and Vicinity~ 1" Degree Natural and Cana kkale-Can Comakli Village Other 43 E 2.70 Natural and Archeological Site Archeological Site Ancie~~ts~lIlement1·t Degree Natural Comakli Village, Above Caitepe- Natural and Canakkale-Can Other 45 E 3.25 -------­ and Archeological Site Dedetepe Archeological Site ---------­ AnCien~i~Setilement 1"' Degree Canakkale- Yenice Davulkoy Archeological Site Selliement 58 NE 05 Archeological Site Tumulus 51 Natural and Canakkale- Yenice 1 Degree Natural and Archeological Davutkoy Other 60 NE 1.70 Archeological Site -------­ . ~~~~~ ~~~~~~ --.sua. e~Gravey~r 1sl Degree 1aluraJ· Natural and Canakkale-Yen ice Archeological Davutkoy Other 60 NE 1.70 Archeological Site ------­ Site ------­ .~~ r--~~~ ----- Kaletepe Natural and Canakkale- Yen ice 1" Degree Natural and Archeological Calkoy Other Archeological Site 53 - 0 -------­ Site ------­ ~~~~~~- ------­ ------­ Balikesir-Ivrindi Gomenic Fortress Fortress site of Gomenic Military Fortress 106 NE 2 -------­ . ~~~~~ t--~~~~ ------­ Balikesir-Sav8slepe Incidere Mound Savastepe Archeological Site Mound 133-134 E 2 ~~. ---------­ Manisa-Soma Uyucek Mound Along Yagcili creek Archeological Site Mound 139-140 NW 0.1-0.2 ---------­ ----­ ----------­ {lI1 U1 '1~jl! 1ut riutX 7 58 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT ,. IV.2.9. Forest Areas (Tree types, amounts, forest type, area covered, size and closeness; their present and planned protection and/or use purposes, the field survey evaluation form taken from Regional Directorate of Forestry), the probable adverse effects to the forest areas, the definition of the mitigations which would reduce the effects, and the forest areas located on the route would be shown on the 1/25.000 scaled forest map. When the project route and its close vicinity is evaluated according to the field uses, which are determined according to Land Use Map of the Provinceof of General Directorate of Rural Affairs, the forest area is formed by heathland and forest areas with a rate of 40.35%. 18.22% of it is determined as forest area and heathland areas have a percentage of 22.13. Mostly the oak forests form the forest cover at the 5 km survey corridor. Beside these, black pine. calabrian pine and stone pine are the fundamental species on the route. When the project route is examined, it is determined that 30.03 km. 17.63 km and 2.6 km of the line passes through forest areas in Canakkale, Balikesir and Manisa Provinces, respectively. The forest map of the project area is presented in Appendix B. During the studies. the properties of the present forest wealth inside the 5 km survey corridor are determined by the forest maps taken from General Directorate of Forestry, The Investigation and Evaluation Forms of the EIA Report taken from Canakkale. Balikesir and Izmir Regional Directorates of Forestry and the field studies. To be evaluated in the EIA process, The Investigation and Evaluation Form of the EIA Report was taken from Canakkale, Balikesir and Izmir Regional Directorates of Forestry. According to the information taken from Canakkale Regional Directorate of Forestry Biga, Can and Venice Directorate of Forestry Management the forest areas at the area discussed is 243 ha. 115 ha of this is defined as forest area and the rest 128 ha is defined as nonforest area. At the forest area. which is formed by the tree types like calabrian pine. black pine, oak etc., the operation types are afforestation area, grove area. degraded bog and copse areas. The calabrian pine, degraded oak bog, oak bog, degraded calabrian pine, black pine-calabrian pine and the tree sp~ies grow up along the river are defined as the forest types of the region in the report. Cfhe forestry areas that r' -t1 ~ have been assessed do not fall lQto a special area. such as: forestry area for seea, national park, wild life habitat, game animal production area, protected forest, tourism area, specially protected area, military area, and natural/archeological site) --l Acoording to The Investigation and Evaluation Form of the EIA Report, which was prepared by Balikesir Regional Directorate of Forestry, the operation types of the forest ! areas are bog, degraded grove and grove. Black pine, calabrian pine and oak are present in the region. The forest types are degraded black pine. degraded oak, calabrian pine, pine-degraded oak, pine-degraded black pine and oak. For the region discussed there is not any application to the Balikesir Regional Directorate of Forestry. The requested area is not a burnt area and a separated area for regeneration. which are determined at the 18. rtiCle of NO.6831 Forest Law~According to the report the requested a r ' 'nside the 9f t,. eed forest, national park, hunting wild life, hunting production area. turism are. pecial . nyironment protection region, military forbidden region and area. It is stated by the . egional directorate that the route of the energy transmission line should be clean to prevent the forest fires. 59 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT According to The Investigation and Evaluation Form of the EIA Report, which was prepared by Izmir Regional Directorate of Forestry, Akhisar Directorate of Forestry Management, Soma and Goktepe Local Directorate of Forestry Management, the tree types, mostly calabran pine and oak, are afforestation area, grove forest, degraded copse and copse areas. 271,000 m2 of the area that was investigated by regional directorate at a width of 30 m, is defined as forest area and 283,500 m2 of area is defined as nonforest area. An application was made by Telekom for the area discussed. It is stated that the requested area is only in the areas, those are defined as Cza symbol, in the afforestation area that is determined at the 18. article of the Forest Law (burnt area, separated area for --regeneration or afforestation areas and whether in the dam basin or not).fThe requested ,~. I area, i~t inside..tbe seed fQrest. national park, hunting wild life, hunting productiorrarea, N I protection forest. tourism area and special protected area. \..,./ According to the decision of the Regional Directorates of Forestry of the three provinces, from which the energy transmission line passes, there is not any objection in the passage of the energy transmission line. According to the data obtained from the forest maps, the types and the properties of the trees, which are in the 217 ha forest area, inside the 50 m construction corridor of the Energy Transmission Line is shown in Table IV.17. Table IV.17. The Tree Types, Covered Areas and Their Lengths Along The Route At The 50 m Construction Corridor I Tree T~pes and Properties Covered Area Iha) I Length IKml : Degraded oak CODse 33.38 6.68 • Turkish pine 70.63 14.13 • Stone pine 1.63 0.33 I Pine 0.88 0.18 I Oak copse 20.75 4.15 I Oak 6.38 1.28 i Degraded oak 45.75 9.15 I Pine degraded oak 23.75 4.75 i Pine deQraded black pine 10.75 2.15 I Forest woods 6.13 1.23 I Deqraded black pine 6.38 1.28 I Black pine Turkish pine 15.50 3.10 • Black pine 25.13 5.03 :. Black pine oak 1.50 0.30 Deqraded black pine oak 13.75 2.75 DeQraded Turkish pine oak 5.00 1.00 I Degraded deciduous forest '6,25 1.25 I Degraded Turkish pine 2.13 0.43 Degraded deciduous trees 1.75 0.35 I Rockv areas with dearaded deciduous trees 4.75 0.95 As it is seen in Table IV.17, there are tree species like calabrian pine, oak, stone pine, black pine etc. inside the construction corridor. Beside this, there are also forest woods, tree groups, which are defined as degraded and copse, in the corridor. The probable effects of the line on the forest, the amount of tree that would be cut, and the precautions, which should be taken at the areas discussed are explained in Chapter V for the project discussed. 60 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA f TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA ,,~ IV.2.10. Flora and Fauna (Species, endemic especially local endemic plant species, the animal species which live in nature, the species which are under protection by the national and international regulations, rare and endangered species and their living environments, the names of the hunting animals, their populations and the decisions of central hunting commission taken for them), displayiog the vegetation types and the sampling areas at the project area on a map, the required protection precautions, which should be taken for the livings affected from the activities of the project (at the construction and the operation phases) A detailed flora and fauna study was performed in the project area and its close vicinity. At the field studies a corridor that has a total width of 5 km (at the right and left of the line), along the project route that has a length of around 158 km and starts from Canakkale Province Biga District Degirmencik Village and ends at Soma Thermal Power Station (Manisa), was investigated. The fauna species were examined as mammiferous species, bird species. reptiles. amphibians and fish species separately. Flora The survey area covers the area. from which the 158 km electricity line passes, and covers Canakkale Provice Biga-Can-Yenice Districts, Balikesir Province Balya-Ivrindi­ Savastepe Districts and Manisa Province Soma District. At the field studies performed. it is observed that the area does not have a hilly topography and the altitude changes between 100-600 m along the line. Along the line at some places maquis vegetation and the planted forests scattered between them that represents the Mediterranean plant cover, the forests of Quercus pubescens and Qurcus trojana, which are types of Quercus, the forests of Pinus brutia around Balikesir - Soma and the agricultural areas are present. Methodology To determine the flora of the area, a survey trip was organized to the region. The flora of the working area was determined according to the previous studies performed in the area and the plants collected and the observations performed in this field trip. The danger categories and the protection status of all the species found are determined by the literature surveys performed. The results of this study and the detailed information about the species are presented in Appendix C, Table C.1. The species are presented with their Turkish names (if exists) according to their phylogenetic orders (Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae. Angiospermae), phytogeography region, conditions of endemism and national/global danger categories/protection status, their spread altitudes inside the working area, their habitats and their plenty conditions inside the area in the floristic list. The danger class for flora types are evaluated according to "Red Data. Book of Turkish Plants" (Ekim et al.. 2000) that is based on the classification system of Red List (1994. ver. 2.3) of IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources). 2004 list (http://www.cites.org) of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) and BERN Convention (2002) J... / ~ (http://conventions.coe.int). ~e of~ned species take part in Red Data Book of .7' \ Turkish Plants. BERN and CITES lists. 61 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT IUCN Red List Classification System (Red Data Book of Turkish Plants) : EX : Extinct EW : Extinct in the wild CR : Critically endangered EN : Endangered VU : Vulnerable LR : Lower risk cd : conservation dependent nt : near threatened Ic : least concern DD : Data deficient NE : Not evaluated Findings The region that the line passes represents the Mediterranean plant cover. During the field studies performed in the area, especially floristic compositions of maquis and forest vegetations are determined. As a result of the studies 141 taxons, which are at species and subspecies level and belong to 36 families, are determined. None of the species determined in the area is endemic for our country. The products cultivated at the agricultural areas at the region in general are; olive and maize around Canakkale, sugar­ beet and cotton around Balikesir and cotton around Soma. But along the whole line\ vegetable culture is performed. There is tobacco cultivation around Balikesir. Firstly the line was evaluated separately and then the common plant types were given and finally the whole list was given as a table. Degirmencik Vii/age The south west of the Degirmencik Village, which is the starting point of the area, is covered with maquis plant cover. But there are afforestation areas, which are formed by Pinus brutia and Pinus maritima, in this area. There is Quercus coccifera shrubs in the area. The species determined in the area are: Quercus coccifera, Qercus trojana, Crocus pal/asi Goldb. subsp. pal/asH, Cis/us creticus, Cen/aurea sostitialis, Centaurea virgata, Carthamus tinctoria, Xanthium spinosa, Bellis sylvestris, Pistacia lentiscus, Genista tinctoria, Chamaecytisus austraicus, Anthyllis hermaniae, Spartium junceum, Sarcopoterium spinosum, Arbutus andrachne, Arbutus unedo, Erica arborescens, Lavandu/a stoechas, /nu/a gravio/ens (L.) Desf., Asparagus officinalis, Polygonum arenarium, Juniperus exce/sa, Cupressus sempervirens (planted), Amygdalus communis, Pyrus e/aeagnifo/ia, Viscum album, Teucrium chamaedris, S/achys eretiea, Pinus brutia (planted), Pinus maritima (planted), Pinus pinea (planted) Vicinity of Balikli Cesme There are olive groves and Palirus spina-christii shrubs in this region. Eskibalikli Village Most of the area is used for agriculture. In the areas, which are not used for agriculture: there are Pyrus elaeagnifolia, Quercus robur subsp. robur, Quercus coccifera, Palirus spina-christii, Crateagus monogyna, Rosa canina, Asparagus officinalis, Echium ita/icum, Eryngium campestre var. virens, Centaurea sostitialis, Circium creticum subsp. cret/cum, Olea europea (culture). 62 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Karacaali Vii/age Along the line in the vicinity of the village, greengrocering (irrigated agriculture) and maize cultivation are performed. At the unused areas between agricultural fields: there are Quercus pubescens, Quercus trojana, Quercus coccifera, Bellis sylvestris, Centaurea sostitialis, Circium creticum subsp. creticum, Cardopatium corymbosum, Carlhamus lanatus, Palirus spina-christii, Eryngium campestre var. virens, Rosa canina, Pyrus elaeagnifolia subsp. elaeagnifolia, Asparagus officinalis, Crocus pulchellus, Olea europea (culture). Karacaali, Goktepe, Gundogdu and Danisment In most of the portions of this part of the line that passes from the population centers there are agricultural fields. But in the unused parts of the plains there are Palirus spina-christii shrubs and Bellis sylvestrises between them. Along the irrigation canals, which are between the agricultural fields, and at the moist areas; there are common and moisture-loving plants like Acer campestre, Fraxinus angustifolia, Populus alba. Salix alba. Rubus sanctus, Abutilon theophrastii, Xanthium spinosum, Datura stramonium. At the sides and inside the fields there are single Quercus robutS. In these areas cultivation of vegetables like pepper and maize are performed. Danisment, Bakacak, Derekoy, Dikmen, Hacilar and Can Also in this part of the line dense agriculture is performed. At some elevated places, there are especially Quercus coccifera shrubs and around Hacilar Village Quercus pubescens forests. Most of the parts of this forests are also degraded, there are open areas inside the forests and crop agriculture is performed at this areas. At the bottom of the forests there are species like Ruscus angustifolius, Lonicera caucasica, Alnus glutinosa, Acer campestre, Rosa can ina, Jasminum fruticans. At the sides of the streams there are a lot of trees like Platanus orientalis, Salix alba and Populus alba in these areas. Can- Venice There are Pinus nigra forests in this part of the line, which has an altitude around 230-250 m but its altitude increases upto 500 m. There are Rubus sanctus and Cistus creticus species inside these forests and Quercus coccifera, Phyllaria latifolia shrubs and Pistasia lentiscus species are located in the open areas and at the sides of the forests. Between Venice - Balya There are mostly Pinus brutia forests in this part of the line. Besides there are composite forests in some parts of this area. In these areas there are Quercus pubescens, Juniperus exelca and Platanus orientalises and Populus albas along the streams. Also in moist areas there are Rubus sanctus. In the regions, where the forests are degraded excessively, it is possible to see Quercus coccifera shruberries and maquis species. Agriculture is performed in the areas inside the village fields and it is not possible to talk about the natural cover. Vicinity of Gundogdu Village (Yenice) At this part of the line there are generally agricultural areas and there are degraded Quercus pubescens and Pinus brutia forests at some places. Besides, Palirus spina-christii shrubs are located at the open hills and plains. 63 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Alancik - Kuzupinari This area is made up of calcareous bed-rock and there is a Quercus pubescens copse and shrubs like Creatagus monogyna, Pyrus eleagnifo/ia, Prunus spinosa, Phyllaria latifolia, Rosa canina and Rubus sanctus inside the copse. Kuzupinar -Haciyusuflar These regions are used as agricultural fields, which were converted from the forest areas. There are shrubbery areas containing Quercus pubescens, Quercus trojana, Juniperus foetidissima, Creatagus monogyna, Pyrus elaeagnifolia, Prunus spinosa, Phyllaria latifolia, Rosa canina and Rubus sanctus. Besides, there are a little amount of Pinus pinea planting areas. Cakallar- Kocacay Like the others this area is also formed by the degraded oak forests. At the sides of the streams there are Platanus orfentalis. Akcaloren In this areas there is a copse Quercus pubescens forest. The big part of the area is used as agricultural fields, which were converted from the forest areas. The Aktas Hill and its vicinity, which is made up of calcareous bed-rock, is covered with Quercus coccifera shrubs. Komurculer - Buyuk findik Vii/age This is the region in which the natural Pinus brutia forests are located most frequently. The coverage is about 100% in this area. There are Juniperus oxycedrus and rarely Quercus pubescens at the bottom of the forest. Savastepe - Danisment This region is formed by the areas, in which the Pinus brutia forest continues. There are Quercus pubescens, Quercus infectoria at the open parts of the forests. Asparagus officinalis, Ruscus acutifo/ia, Echinops microcepha/a, Oacty/is g/omerata var. hispanica, Eryngium campestre var. virens, Juniperus oxycedrus are located at the bottoms. The other parts of the area are used for agriculture. Beyce - Hatun koy - Soma At this part of the line Quercus pubescens degraded forest and Quercus coccifera shrubs exist and the area is used mainly for agriculture. Cotton and olive groves are the most common agricultural products in the area. The State of the Plants in the Area According to Danger Class and Endemism None of the 141 taxons, which are at species and subspecies level, determined in the area is endemic for our country. The usage of the most parts of the line for agriculture and being under pressure of the non-agricultural areas due to pasturing could be the reason. Besides, the frequent forest texture could be the reason for the low plant diversity. 64 TEIAS 380 kV KARA61GA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PRO~".ECT EIA REPORT I The General Evaluation \ liJ ,X~JAJ n~VV(i/·· As a result of the field studies and observations performed, 141 plant spe~,es'l which are at species and subspecies level, are determined. N e 0 lants are: endemic for our country. Only raising the transmission tower{ a few meters t Can -l Yenice, Yenice - Balikesir, Komurculer - Buyuk findik, Savaitepe - Danisment and Goktaslar regions, where the Pinus brutia (Calabrian pine) forests~JY-dEmse, would prevent the damage given to the forest formation at these places. Fauna In fauna studies about 158 km construction area and a corridor, which has a total width of 5 km at the right and left of the line, were surveyed. In the faunal field studies performed, it was observed that the project area has habitats (living environments), which are preferred by terrestrial vertebrate fauna species, which has especially moving abilities, to feed and to walk around, and the fauna species in colonies were not found. The terrestrial and aquatic fauna species in the working area and its close vicinity were taken up in mammal, bird, reptile and amphibians categories and the findings were evaluated for each category separately. Methodology The principles of the faunal studies performed by taking the ecological properties and the protection status of the line route into consideration are summarized below. • During the faunal studies, the field, questionnaire, literature and office works were performed successively for determining the fauna species of the energy transmission line route and its close vicinity. • The faunal field studies were performed at the energy transmission line and at a 5 km width corridor.. The study area was widened in case of a probability of a different fauna species due to the variable topography and/or vegetation structure. • Literature survey and meetings were performed with the local community in order to expose the faunal condition of the project route. • It was also made use of the habitats, which are suitable for the animal species' choices and the nest-young-footprint (especially in defining the birds and the macro mammiferous species), excremenHood waste (especially in defining mammals), derin-antler-turtle shell and bone residues. • At the faunal field studies hunting-collection-killing have not performed during the determination of the species in the area. The reasons of this are listed below: ,/ Preventing the damages and the destruction of the rare-sensitive animal species in the area, ,/ Protection of the reptiles according to the No. 4915 Terrestrial Hunting Law and Central Hunting Commission Decisions and the forbidden to hunt and collect, • Because of the reasons listed above, the observations (by using high technology optical devices) performed were used in the species determination of the mammals and the birds. In the determination of smaller mammals, reptiles, amphibians and fish species, traps, nets and living traps were used and the animals, of which the species determination was performed, were released to the nature. • In the determination of the fauna species, catching by nets and traps were not used in the determination of the birds. In the determination of the birds line and point counting methods were used. The observations and the lifeless materials that are present in nature, (especially dead reptile individuals and/or derm, turtle 65 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT shell residues) were used for especially reptile and small mammal species. The literatures related to the fauna species of this area, the museum materials collected before and the animal samples, which were filled by the local community and amateurs, were used while preparing the lists. • For fauna studies, the field observations were performed by travelling. by walking and/or by a vehicle during the survey trips in the area and the area was examined by using 1/25.000 scaled maps during the studies. Besides. during the map studies GPS was also used for determining the altitutes and geographical coordinates. The observations were started early in the mourning and continued until the sunset. r\ 1. I i' ~ d VI I 1\ Jrt , Mis (I Ill" /J :+ ,L L..., '--""v IU::- (%L", La::' y) , u+ /--- -­ Related to the activity area, data about biotopes, biogenetic protection areas. endemic species, endangered species, wild life habitats were collected and evaluated in the area. The determined fauna species were evaluated according to the lastest version of IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) list. IUCN 2003 list, CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) 2004 list and BERN Convention (2002). The purpose of CITES. which is one of the criteria evaluated and an international convention signed by 164 countries (includes Turkey), is preventing the extinction of the trading wild species. CITES. which is based on the sustainability of commerce by protecting the ecological sources. was signed in 1973 and became valid in 01 July 1975. Turkey supports this convention in 1996. The BERN Convention, which was signed by 26 members (includes Turkey) of Europian Council. is a wide range treaty that was prepared to protect the Europian nature and includes subjects like protection of biologic variability and natural habitats. development of national policies for protection of wild flora and fauna. mitigations against pollution. encouragement for environmental protection educations and encouragement for the researches and studies related to these purposes (European Council. 1979). Within the coverage of BERN Convention. Appendix 2 includes the fauna species, which need "certain protection" and Appendix 3 includes "species under protection". On the other side IUCN Red List pays attention to the species. which are really endangered. A species in the IUCN is listed in the IUCN Red List after the population of this species and the reasons of the decrease in the population are investigated. Since the IUCN Red List depends on the investgation results more. some countries give more importance to the species listed in IUCN than the species listed in Bern Convention. 1994 categories (ver. 2.3) and 2001 categories (ver 3.1) of IUCN Red List (2003) are: IUCN Red List Categories and Criterions, IUCN Red List Categories and Criterions. 1994 (ver. 2.3) 2001 (ver. 3.1)* EX : Extinct EX : Extinct EW : Extinct in the wild EW : Extinct in the wild CR : Critically endangered CR : Critically endangered EN : Endangered EN : Endangered VU : Vulnerable VU : Vulnerable LR : Lower risk cd : Conservation dependent NT : Near threatened nt : Near threatened LC : Least concern Ie : Least concern DD : Data deficient DD : Data deficient NE : Not evaluated NE : ·Not evaluated • In the recent years to form a more clear and easily used system in the IUCN Red List Categories and Criterions. a large scaled scrutinizing process is performed. As a result the categories were revised and accepted by IUCN Council in February 2000 and the revised Categories and Criterions (lUCN Red List Categones and Criterions version 3. 1) were published in 2001. 66 380 kV KARABtGA - CAN SOMA Et TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EtA Ri In addition to these, the danger conditions of the fauna species were determined according to the classification in the publications of Ali Demirsoy (1988. 1992, 1996, 2002), who has a lot of important studies and can reflect the local conditions better. The danger categories defined by this researcher are presented below: E : Endangered Ex : Extinct I : Indeterminate K : Insufficiently known nt : not threatened o : Out of danger R : Rare V : Vulnerable Findings Mammals 17 mammal species were determined in the area. The danger categories and protection status are evaluated and presented in Appendix C, Table C.2. Within the coverage of Bern Convention, 1 mammal species takes part in Appendix 2 (The Fauna Species, which Need Certain Protection) and 6 mammal species take part in Appendix 3 (The Fauna Species, which Need Protection) of these species. According to IUCN; 13 mammal species are in "LRllc" category; 3 mammal species are in "LRlnt" category and 1 mammal species is in "NT" category. There is not any mammal species within the coverage of CITES. As a result of the evaluation performed according to the decisions prepared for National Parks and Hunting Wild Life General Directorate Central Hunting Commission (CHC) 2004-2005 hunting season, it is seen that 5 mammal species are in Appendix-1, namely the wild animal under protection list of Environmental and Forestry Ministry. 1 mammal species is in Appendix-2, namely the hunting animals under protection by Central Hunting Comission. and 4 mammal species are in Appendix-3, namely the list of hunting animals, which could be hunted in determined periods, of Central Hunting Comission. The remaining mammal species do not take part in any classifications. Mitigations I In the construction phase, in spite of being out of the impact area, to decrease the \ negative effects on Capreolus capreolus (roe deer) and the other mammal species ; located in Wild Life Protection Site (Manisa province), no service roads woud be i \ constructed in this region during the reproduction season (July - end of August), the ':,i workers would be informed by the contractor firm. the machinery and personnel would not , go out of the construction area and the mitigations determined for not to pass the limit values of noise and dust formation would be applied regularly. In the operation phase of the project. having no chemical wastes of the energy transmission line. the alternative areas for the species in close vicinity, the moving abilities . of the mammal species, no limitations of the feeding, walk around, lodging and reproduction areas and activities of these species by the activities were evaluated as they \\ would not create any relative negativity from environmental a~pect. ~ ~bi t~LS k ~~ l <) ~ Vl h0 , 67 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Birds In the ornithological observations and investigatons, the 1/25.000 scaled physical maps of the area were used and during the investigations the areas, which would be studied according to the topographic data in the squares of these maps, were studied in 1 km 2 grids. In ornithological observations monocular telescopes (Nikon 20-60 x 80 mm) and binoculars (Pentax 16 x 24) were used. No hunting or catchings were performed for identifications. 103 bird species of 11 Groups - 32 Families were determined in the study area and its vicinity. The danger categories and protection status were evaluated and presented in Appendix C. Table C.3. Within the coverage of Bern Convention, 56 bird species take part in Appendix 2 (The Fauna Species, which Need Certain Protection) and 21 bird species take part in Appendix 3 (The Fauna Species, which Need Protection) of these species. Within the coverage of Bern Convention nearly all bird species in Turkey (around 95 %) take part in different status danger categories. Despite the bird species determined in the project area are species included to the categories of Bern Convention, they are the broad spreading species of our country and west palearctic zoogeographic region. 12 of the determined bird species were taken under protection within the coverage of CITES Appendix-2. According to the revised danger categories of IUCN (2001- ver.3.1). all bird 1 species were included in IUCN lists. All 103 bird species determined in the area take part . 'in LC category according to IUCN. J/ rio \ ­ . 1\ilv ,~\ i j As a result of the evaluation performed according to the decisions prepared for \\\ ..~ National Parks and Hunting Wild Life General Directorate Central Hunting Commission \ /// (CHC) 2004·2005 hunting season. it is seen that 79 bird species are in Appendix-1, '/ namely the wild animal under protection list of Environmental and Forestry Ministry, 13 ;: t.' bird species are in Appendix-2, namely the hunting animals under protection by Central Hunting Comission. and 11 bird species are in Appendix-3. namely the list of hunting animals. which could be hunted in determined periods, of Central Hunting Comission. The remaining bird species do not take part in any classifications. Evaluation of the Area From the Birds and Migration of Bird of prey Point of View The birds are known as the most moving livings of the animal kingdom. The birds determined in the project area and its close vicinity could use different areas for feeding. lodging and reproduction. The project line is one of the most important migration ways of especially birds of prey (Canakkale Strait). After the reproduction season the north populations of the birds of prey migrate to south latitudes due to the negative climatic conditions, food shortage and threat of competition and predation. The area is a subsidiary air corridor, which is used by some birds of prey during their migration. The main air corridor is Bosphorus. The birds of prey species that fly until the beginning of September can make long migrations by using the thermal air flows formed by the reflections especially from terrestrial atmospheres. The thermal air flows are formed in daytime and above the lands generally. The line that a lot of birds of prey enter Turkey during their migration is Bosphorus and Artvin-Borcka. The birds of prey, which passes along this line by using the air flows, fly towards the Anatolia Plateau. 68 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT The migration flies of. the birds of prey is in daytime, over the high plateaus and altitutes, more than 100 m above from the surface generally. During the field observations, it seen that the areas at the project line are not used for staying but as a "Transit Passing Corridorft by the migrating birds. The height of the towers of the energy transmission line that would be constructed is 30 m. The height of the electrical wires between the towers is changing between 15 - 25 m depending on the topography. According to the knowledge and observations about the birds of prey migrations given above, this case would not cause any problems· from the flying altitute of the birds of prey (> 100 m) during migration point of view. During these observations it was observed that the flying altitute of the birds of prey are about 250 - 300 m. Mitigations It is known that the birds use the energy transmission line towers as perch and/or nest and by this way they prepare teritorrial protection areas and watch their hunts. It is reported that in some cases this action of the birds causes some negativities for the birds and the transmission lines. To prevent this disadvantage taking some precautions, which would prevent the nesting of the big birds (ie. stork) and the birds of prey, especially on the towers would be useful. For this reaso . d repellents would be attached to the towers at places, where the bird passages are intensl . "'- J/ftt~ In the operation phase of the project, having no chemical wastes of the energy transmission line, the alternative areas for the species in close vicinity, the moving abilities of the bird species, no limitations of the feeding, walk around, lodging and reproduction areas and activities of these species by the activities were evaluated as they would not create any adverse effect from environmental aspect. Reptiles 10 reptile species, which were determined by the field observations performed in the project area and its close vicinity, literature records and meetings made with the local community, and the danger categories and the protection status of these species are presented in Appendix C, Table CA. These reptile species determined in the area, prefer stony places and shrubs as habitat generally. All the determined reptile species are speCies those are under protection by Bern Convention. The Annex-2 of the convention lists the species, which are under certain protection and the Annex-3 ensures protection for all the species those are not in Annex-2. As a result all the reptile species are seen as under protection within the coverage of this convention. Within the coverage of Bern Convention, 6 reptile species take part in Appendix 2 (The Fauna Species, which Need Certain Protection) and 4 reptile species take part in Appendix 3 (The Fauna Species, which Need Protection) of these species. Beside these, Natrix natrix (aquatic snake) was taken under protection by IUCN in LRllc statute. As a result of the evaluation performed according to the decisions prepared for National Parks and Hunting Commission of General Directorate of National Parks and Wild Life (MAK) 2004-2005 hunting season, it is seen that all reptile species are in Appe,ndix-1, nam~ly the wild animal under protection list of Ministry of Environment and Forestry. 69 TEIAS 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY L1 . TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Mitigations / ,~tt~~ cIllniyuch"'l? In the operation phase of the project, having no chemical wastes of the energy transmission line, the alternative areas for the species in close vicinity, the moving abilities of the reptile species, no limitations of the feeding, walk around, lodging and reproduction areas and activities of these species by the activities were evaluated as they would not create any environmental adverse effect. Amphibians In the field observations performed in the project area and its close vicinity, 3 amphibian species determined as a result of the literature records and questionnaires and the danger and protection status of these species are presented in Appendix C, Table C.5. The amphibian species, which are determined in the area, prefer aquatic ­ semiaquatic and moist areas for habitat. Within the coverage of Bern Convention, 1 amphibian species takes part in Appendix 2 (The Fauna Species, which need certain protection) and the other 2 species take part in Appendix 3 (The Fauna Species, which need protection) of these species. According to IUCN ver.2.3 (1994) criterions the species, which are not in any danger category, are evaluated in LC category in ver.3.1 (2001). The species determined in the area are in this category (LC). Mitigations - - ~Iix ~ In the operation phase of the project, having no chemical wastes of the energy transmission line, the alternative areas for the species in close vicinity, the moving abilities of the amphibian species. no limitations of the feeding, walk around. lodging and reproduction areas and activities of these species by the activities were evaluated as they would not create any adverse effect from environmental aspect. in addition, mitigation .LA4:~.\::iUlli would be taken urin the construction and 0 eration phases of ~ct according to t e International agreements an e decisions 0 e -entral Hunting Comission regarding the conservation of the fauna species under protection. IV.2.11. The Areas Having Valuable Landscape and Recreation Areas, The Areas which have Unique Geological and Geomorphological Formations The 380 kV Karabiga - Can - Soma TPS ETL Project starts from Canakkale Province Biga District, passes through Balikesir Province and ends at Manisa Province Soma District. The length of the energy transmission line is approximately 158 km. The route along the 158 km line has a variable topography and the altitute changes berween 100 - 600 m. The population centers are in well-arranged and regular structure along the 158 km energy transmission line. The population centers on the project route are located near the streams and on the plain areas. The main land use determined inside the 5 km area, at which the studies would be performed, are agriculture. forest and pasture. Besides, there are vineyards and olive groves. The land use, shape the general landscape of the project area. Most part of the project route are forest areas and agricultural fields. The industrial plants, which are related to the cultivated products in these agricultural fields, are the other components that shape the landscape character of the area. A view of Pinarli Quarter, one of the population centers on the route, is presented in Figure IV.17 and ,a view of the C!gricultural fields on the route is presented in Figure IV.18. 70 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Another component that affects the landscape character of the project area is the topographic structure. The movement observed in the topographic structure gives a natural screening potential to the area. The other components, which affect the character of the region, are the dominant vegetation types and the surface cover. The vegetation types observed in the 5 km survey corridor are oak (Quercus sp.), Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia) and Black pine (Pinus nigra) groups. Along the route cattle breeding is performed in most of the districts and the meadow areas are used for pasturing and related to this a compressed vegetation is observed. The regions, at which the forest cover is intense and there is no degraded forest area, form attractive structures visually. The irrigation pond and the forest texture located on the route are presented in Figure IV.19 and the views of the Stone pine (Pinus pines) forest are presented in Figure IV.20. Beside these impressive visual structures, ICDAS Co. that is located near the Kiyi Gemi Transformer Station, at which the project starts, has an important effect on the landscape character since it is the biggest industrial plant of the vicinity. Soma Thermal Power Station, at which the project ends, presents an overwhelming structure visually and also affects the environmental quality by its industrial view. The views of Kiyi Gemi Transformer Station at the foreground and ICDAS Co. at the background are presented in Figure IV.21 and the views of Soma Thermal Power Station are presented in Figure IV.22. 71 380 kY KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Figure.lV.17. A View of Pinarli Quarter, one of the Settlement on the Route Figure.lV.18. A View of the Agricultural Fields on the Route 72 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Figure IV.19. The Irrigation Pond and The Forest Texture Located on the Route Figure IV.20. The Views of the Stone Pine (Pinus pineal Forest 73 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Figure IV.21. The Views of Kiyi Gemi Transformer Station at the Foreground and ICDAS Co. at the Background Figure IV.22.. Soma Thermal Power Station 74 380 kV KARABtGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT IV.2.12. The Areas those are Under Control of Competent Establishments of Government (Military forbidden areas, the areas assigned to the public institutions and organizations, the areas limited by No. 7/16349 Cabinet Judgement, which was Published in the Official Gazette dated 25.09.1978 and No. 16415, etc.), On the route of the energy transmission line, beside the forest areas those are under control of General Directorate of Forestry, there are not any "Areas those are Under Control of Competent Establishments of Government" or limited areas stated in the "Approval of the limited areas as the restricted areas to prevent all kinds of attacks to the seas", which was published in the Official Gazette dated 25.09.1978 and No. 16415 and put into force by No. 7/16349 Cabinet Judgement. IV.2.13. Other Properties In this section there are not any other properties related to the project route. IV.3. The Properties of the Socio-Economical Environment The population centers located in the project area and its close vicinity are the regions, in which the probable socio-economical effects would be felt mostly, in the construction and operation phases of the project. The planned energy' transmission line passes through Canakkale Province, Biga, Can, Venice Districts, Balikesir Province, Balya, Ivrindi, Savastepe Districts and Manisa Province, Soma District. The other population centers located on the project route and its 500 m vicinity are Beyoba Quarter, Eskibalikli Village, Hacilar Village, Yaykin Village, Nevruz Village, Alancik Village, Haciyusuflar Quarter, Bengiler Village, Kasikci Village, Goktepe Village, Akcaloren Village, Erdel Village, Akpinar Village, Kumkoy and Menderes Quarter. The locations of these population centers, which are located in the project area and its close vicinity, on the route are given in Chapter II in more detail. To evaluate the socio~economical effects and to determine the existing socio­ economical structure of the region discussed, the results of the 2000 census that was obtained from State Institute of Statistics (DIE) were evaluated. IV.3.1. Economical Properties (The main sectors forming the economical structure of the region, where the energy would be transmitted) According to the results of the 2000 census, the distribution and working areas of the populations those are active (working) economically in Canakkale Province, Biga, Can and Venice District Centers, Balikesir Province, Balya, Ivrindi and Savastepe District Centers; and Manisa Province, Soma District Centers can be seen in Table V.18 (DIE, 2000). Most of the people in Balikesir Province, Balya, Ivrindi, Savastepe Districts are working in public service. In these districts, the people working in public service have percentages of 41 %, 39%, 36% respectively out of the total working population. The second biggest economical activity is the production industry in Balya District (21%), the wholesale and retail trade and the restaurant and hotel operation in Ivrindi District (20%) and agricultural and hunting activities in Savastepe District (21%). Similarly, the main economical activity is public service in Canakkale Province, Biga District. The wholesale and retail trade, the restaurant and hotel operation and the production industry follows this activity. The number of people working in public service has a percentage of 30% out of the total working population. The percentages of trade, restaurant and hotel operation and 75 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT the production industry are 25% and 24% respectively. The production industry is the main economical activity in Can and Venice Districts. The people in this sector are 47% of the total working people in Can District and this value is 33% in Venice District. In both of the districts the public service follows the production industry with rates 17% and 24% respectively. The extraction industry is the main economical activity in Manisa Province. Soma District with a rate of 26%. The public service follows this activity with a rate of 22%. Table IV.1S. The Distributions of the Population those are Active Economically to the Sectors in Balikesir Province. Batya. Ivrindi and Savastepe Districts. Canakkale Province Blga. Can and Yenice Districts. Manisa Province Soma District (DIE, 2000) .­ BALIKESIR CANAKKALE MANISA Economical Activities Balya Ivrindi Savastepe Biga Can Yen ice Soma , Agriculture. Hunting 1M 45 116 307 183 161 125 260 i i F 5 37 73 i 42 56 28 165 , E Ktraction Industry M 1 5 i 153 19 829 6 3609 F 0 1 1 1 35 1 I 44 Production Industry M 101 126 114 1672 3845 261 i 1008 F 13 12 7 182 1000 304 77 Electrici!y-Gas-Water M 5 16 24 68 I 30 13 1285 F 1 1 0 0 0 0 49 I Construction Works M 19 61 111 514 534 121 920 F 0 0 1 10 11 0 5 I Wholesale and Retail M 53 238 228 i 1699 i 852 229 1826 I , Trade. Restaurant. Hotel Tr~nsportation. Communication and StoraQe F M F 10 28 0 15 85 2 ! 22 60 2 209 377 23 160 522 14 30 64 1 239 949 14 l ! i Financial Institutes. Insurance M 26 37 51 i 265 233 35 375 I F i 9 6 14 93 66 I 19 126 i Public service M 160 392 533 1774 1343 I 397 2344 I F 63 87 i 132 547 412 77 810 I, Unknown M 2 7 I, 8 28 40 I 8 40 F 4 I ,TOTAL ECONOMICALLY 0 0 0 7 6 6 I !ACTIVE POPULATION 541 1244 1841 7713 10147 1725 14151 I M 440 1083 1589 i 6599 8389 1259 I 12616 I [ F 101 161 252 1114 1758 466 1535 OM: male; F: female 76 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT IV.3.2. Population (The urban and rural population in the region, population movements; migrations. population increase rates, other information) The population-age distributions of Balikesir Province, Balya, Ivrindi and Savastepe Districts, Canakkale Province, Biga, Can and Venice Districts and Manisa Province, Soma District, where the construction and operation activities of the project would be performed, are presented in Table IV.19, Table IV.20 and Table IV.21 and Figure IV.23, Figure IV.24 and Figure IV.25, respectively. Table IV.19. The Age Distribution of Balikesir Province, Balya, Ivrindi and Savastepe Districts (DIE. 2000) Province Balikesir District Balya Ivrindi Savastepe Number of Number of Number of Age % % % people people people 0-14 401 20.93 1483 25.69 2758 26.81 15-29 500 26.10 1434 24.85 2917 28.35 I 30-59 720 37.57 2128 36.87 3509 34.11 I 60-85+ 295 15.40 725 12.56 1086 10.56 Unknown 0 0.00 2 0.03 18 0.17 • Total 1916 100 5772 100 10288 100 Table IV.20. The Age Distribution of Canakkale Province, Biga, Can and Yenlce Districts (DIE, 2000) Province Canakkale District Biga Can Venice Number of Number of Number of Age people % people % people % 0-14 6405 23.25 6712 23.24 1295 I 23.60 15·29 7495 27.21 8230 28.50 1477 26.92 • 30-59 10945 39.73 12014 41.60 2151 39.20 60-85+ 2699 9.80 I 1920 6.65 562 I 10.24 Unknown 5 0.01 I 2 0.01 2 I 0.04 Total 27549 100 28878 100 5487 I 100 Table IV.21. The Age Distribution of Manisa Province Soma Distrcit (DIE, 2000) IAftA 0-14 15-29 30-59 60-85+ Unknown Total Number of 17674 15305 23603 4075 17 60674 people % 29.13 25.22 38.90 6.72 0.03 100 77 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Age Distribution in Balya District 800 700 600 ; <11 Ci 0 500 <11 a. '0 400 [J iii .Cl 300 E ~ z 200 100 O· 0-14 15-29 30-59 60-85+ Unknown Age Groups Age Distribution in Ivrindi District 2500 2000 <11 Ci 0 <11 1500 ' a. '0 iii 1000 .Cl [J E ~ z 500 ~ 0 0-14 15-29 30-59 60-85+ Unknown Age Groups Age Distribution in Savastepe District 4000 l~ 3500,­ 3000, 'in 2500 '", '" (/) 'in 2000 ::2 1500 CJ 1000 500 0­ 0-14 15-29 30-59 60-85+ Unknown Figure IV.23. Age DistributIOns in Bailkeslr Province, Balya, Ivnndl and Savastepe Districts 78 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Age Distribution in Biga District 12000 i 10000 C1) Ci 0 8000 I 0.. '0 6000· 4i .0 E ::l 4000· Z 2000· 0-'----­ 0-14 15-29 30-59 60-85+ Unknown Age Groups Age Distribution in Can District ---- - ----- ------~-- 14000 12000 10000 8000 I 4i 6000, .0 E ~ 4000, 2000 : 0-14 15-29 30-59 60-85+ Unknown Age Groups Age Distribution in Venice District 2500· . 2000· C1) c. ~ 1500· '0 il 1000 E ::l Z 500 0­ 0-14 15-29 30-59 60-85+ Unknown Age Groups Figure IV.24. Age Distributions in Canakkaie Province Biga, Can and Yenice Districts 79 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT ~ ..- - - - -.. - ; - c - - ­ Age Distribution in Soma District 25000, 20000 15000 II) Q. o II) 0. 10000 '0 5000· o 0-14 15-29 30-59 60-85+ Unknown Age Groups Figure IV.25. Age Distributions in Manisa Province Soma District As it can be seen from the graphics in the Figure IV.23, when the age distributions of Balikesir Province, Balya, Ivrindi and Savastepe Districts, it is observed that district populations include 30-59 age group mostly around 30% and 0-14 and 15-29 age groups have about 25% share. Beside these the lowest number of people the population are at above 60 age group and have rates of 15.40%, 12.56% and 10.56% in Balya, Ivrindi and Savastepe Districts respectively. A similar distribution is observed in Canakkale Province, Biga, Can and Savastepe Districts as it can be seen in Figure IV.24. In the districts the above 60 age group is the smallest population group and 30-59 age group is the largest group with a rate of 40%. Beside these, 0-14 and 15-29 age groups have 25% share. Similarly in Manisa Province Soma District 30-59 age group is the largest group with a rate of 39%. 0-14 and 15-29 age groups follow this age group with rates of 29% and 25% respectively. Like in the other districts, also in Soma District above 60 age group has the lowest number of people. The old population is very low compared with the young population, it shows that the life duration in the region is not very high or the migration rate is very high. To investigate the population movements in Balikesir, Canakkale and Manisa Provinces in more detail, the population increase rates, which were calculated based on 1990 and 2000 censuses, are given in Table IV.22. As it can be seen in this table, the population of the villages are decreasing due to the reasons like having better health, education and job opportunities and the population of the cities are increasing. In addition to this, the population is in an inrease trend in all the three provinces when the total population is examined. 80 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table IV.22. The Annual Population Increase Rates of Balikesir. Canakkale. Manisa Provinces (DIE. 2000) I 1990 General Census 2000 General Census Annual Population Increase Results Results Rate %0 I Total City Village Total City Village Total City Village 8alikesir 974.274 ! 468.758 505.516 1.076.347 577.595 498.752 9.96 ! 20.87 -1.35 Canakkale 432.263 168.629 263.634 464.975 215.571 249.404 7.29 24.55 • -5.55 I Manisa 1.154.418 590.374 564.044 1.260.169 714.760 545.409 8.76 19.11 -3.36 According to industrialization Balikesir and Manisa Provinces take part in the first 25 cities in Turkey. In addition to this. Marmara and Aegean Regions. from which the project route passes. are industrialized regions, at which the production sector depends on industrialization beside the agricultural production. The migration from rural areas to urban areas increases due to the new job opportunities exist in the industrialized provinces. Similarly Canakkale Province. which is one of the most important cities of Marmara Region. is the 24th out of the 81 provinces in the ordering of socio-economical development in Turkey (http://www.dpt.gov.tr/a. 2004). Also here the population increase. rate is decreasing due to the migrations from rural areas to urban areas. It is expected that this case would cause an increase in electricity consumption in the urban areas, in which the economical sectors depend on industry. The electricity consumption according to the sectors in Balikesir, Canakkale and Manisa Provinces in 2002 and the comparison of these with the whole country are presented in Table IV.23. Tabla IV.23. The Comparison of the Electricity Consumption of Sectors and Per Capita of Balikesir. Canakkale. Manisa Provinces and Turkey (TEIAS. 2002) Balikesir Canakkale Manisa Turkey Sector MWh % MWh 0/0 MWh 0/0 MWh % Consumption Dwelling 398.528 28.2 149.124 17.4 335.841 22.7 23.559.425 22.9 Trade 173.495 12.3 57.838 6.8 128.310 8.7 10.867,292 10.6 Official Bureau 78,300 5.5 29.146 3.4 39.718 2.7 i 4,580.529 1 4.4 Industry 420,030 29.8 503,658 58.9 707,281 47.8 50.489.392 49.0 Agricultural 11,866 0.8 19.813 2.3 108.508 7.3 2.749.780 2.7 Irrigation Illumination (Paid) 22,812 1.6 32.437 3.8 - I 2.159.969 2.1 Illumination (Free) 84.596 6.0 - 58,092 3.9 i , 2,943.952 , 2.9 Other 221.791 15.7 63,350 7.4 100.675 6.8 ! 5,597.523 5.4 Turkey Total Share 1.411.418 1.4 855.366 0.8 1.478.424 • 1.4 1102.947.861 100.0 81 380 kV KARABIGA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT According to Table IV.23, the total electricity consumption of Balikesir and Manisa Provinces equal to 1.4% of electricity consumption of Turkey and in Canakkale Province this value decreases to 0.8%. In addition to this, the electricity consumption per capita in the three provinces discussed is close to the average electricity consumption per capita of Turkey (1,479 kWh). This value was determined for Balikesir, Canakkale and Manisa Provinces as 1,296 kWh, 1,828 kWh and 1,162 kWh respectively (Chapter I, Table 1.1). In Balikesir, Canakkale and Manisa Provinces the main electricity consumption exist in industry sector like in Turkey generally and the electricity consumption of dwellings follows this. The industry sector of Balikesir Province uses 30% of the total electricity consumption of the province and the electricity consumption of the dwellings is about 28% of the total consumption. On the other hand, the main source of the electricity consumption of Canakkale Province is the electricity consumption due to industry. The electricity consumption of the dwellings is 17% of the total consumption and this value is 59% for industry. Similarly also in Manisa Province most of the electricity consumption is due to industry. The electricity consumption of the dwellings follows this. The electricity consumption of the industry is 49% of the total electricity consumption and the electricity consumption of the dwellings is 23% of the total consumption. In each of the provinces the electricity consumption of industry has a big share in the total electricity consumption and this indicates the industrialization levels of these provinces. IV.3.3.The Social Infrastructure Services of the Region (Education, health and cultural services and using conditions of these services) The current informations about the number and the distribution of the educational institutions in Balikesir, Canakkale and Manisa Provinces include data of year 2000, which was prepared by DIE. As it can be seen in Table IV.24, there are 662 educational institutions in Balikesir Province. 63% of these schools are located in rural areas and 37% are in urban areas .. The rate of primary education institutions is 82% of the educational institutions in Balikesir Province. Despite the primary education institutions in rural areas are 2.5 times of the urban areas, it is opposite for the intermediate education institutions. There are two types of intermediate education institutions as the professional and technical high schools and the general high schools. 81 % of the intermediate education institutions are in the urban areas. There are 22 educational institutions in Balikesir Province Balya District. 23% of these schools are in rural areas and 77% are in urban areas. In Balya District the rate of the primary education institutions is 95% of the educational institutions. Like in the Balikesir Province, also in Balya District the primary education institutions in rural areas are 4 times of the urban areas. There is only one general high school in urban areas and there is not any intermediate education institutions in rural areas. There are 43 educational institutions in Balikesir Province Ivrindi District. In Ivrindi District the rate of the primary education institutions is 91% of the educational institutions. 90% of the primary education institutions are in rural areas and 2 of the 4 high schools of the district are in rural areas and the other 2 are in urban areas. There are 13 educational institutions in Balikesir Province Savastepe District. 46% of these schools are in rural areas and 54% are in urban areas. In Savastepe District the rate of the primary education institutions is 69% of the educational institutions. Despite the primary education institutions in rural areas are 2 times of the urban areas, there are two general high schools and two professional and technical high schools in urban areas and there is no intermediate education institution in rural areas. 82 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT There are 271 educational institutions in Canakkale Province. The rate of the primary education institutions is 74% of the educational institutions. 64% of the primary education institutions are in rural areas and 53% of the total educational institutions are in rural areas. The number of high schools in urban areas are nearly 4 times of the rural areas. There are 46 educational institutions in Canakkale Province Biga District. In Biga District the rate of the primary education institutions is 72.3% of the educational institutions. 61% of these schools are in rural areas and 39% are in urban areas. There are 10 high schools in the district and 80% of these are in urban areas. There are 27 and 22 educational institutions in Canakkale Province Can and Venice Districts respectively. The primary education institutions have the largest share with a rate of 73%. The number of the primary education institutions are equal in urban and rural areas in Can District and 81% of the primary education institutions are in rural areas in Venice District. In Can District there is not any high schools in rural areas and there are 7 high schools in urban areas. In Venice District there are totally 6 high schools, 3 in the rural and 3 in the urban areas. There are 875 educational institutions in Manisa Province. 70% of these schools are in rural areas and 30% are in urban areas. The rate of the primary education institutions is 86% of the educational institutions and 76% of these primary eduction institutions are in rural areas. 39% of the intermediate education institutions are general and 61 % are professional and technical high schools. 89% of these are in urban areas. There are 47 educational institutions in Soma District. The rate of the primary education institutions is 81% of the educational institutions. 60% of these schools are in rural areas and 40% are in urban areas., The number of the intermediate education institutions are equal in urban and rural areas in the district. The rate of the intermediate education institutions is 29% of the total educational institutions. The literacy status in Balikesir, Canakkale and Manisa Provinces and Balya, Ivrindi, Savastepe, Biga, Can, Venice and Soma Districts are presented in Table IV.25, Table IV.26 and Table IV.27. Except Manisa Province, the literacy rates of males are higher in the other provinces and districts. In Balikesir Province the rate of college graduates is 5.7% out of the literates. This rate increases to 7.1 % in Balya Distrcits and decreases to 4.4% in Ivrindi District and 4.3% in Savastepe District. 19% of the literates are not graduates of any educational institution in Balikesir Province and Balya, Ivrindi and Savastepe Districts. Similarly in Canakkale rovince and Can and Venice Districts the rate of college graduates is 5.7% out of the literates. This rate increases to 7.2% in Biga District. 18% of the literates are not graduates of any educational institution in these population centers. The number of college graduates in Manisa Province and Soma District are relatively less than the other provinces and districts located on the route (3.5%). Besides, 22% of the literates are not graduates of any educational institution in these population centers and this rate is higher than the other provinces and districts. 83 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EtA REPORT Table IV.24. The Number and Distribution of the Educational Institutions of Balikesir. Canakkale and Manisa Provinces and Balya. Ivrindi. Savastepe. Biga. Can. Yenice and Soma Districts (DIE. 2000) Number of Schools l Rural Urban Total 1 Primary ... education ! 393 150 543 'iii ... Intermediate General 10 38 48 C; IX! education Professional and Technical 13 58 71 Primary 17 4 21 IU education >­ General - 1 1 C; IX! I education Intermediate Professional and Technical - Primary 35 4 39 education I '6 c: General 2 1 3 'i:: Intermediate l: education Professional and Technical - 1 1 Primary 9 CI> 6 3 Q. education ., .! IU General - 2 2 > Intermediate i IU education {/) Professional and Technical - 2 2 Primary education 129 71 I ! 200 0> ... C; ... General ! ! -­ IU c: Intermediate Professional and Technical u IU education - - Total i 14 57 71 i Primary . 26 10 i 36 education General IU en - - i - in Intermediate Professional and Technical i education Total 2 8 10 Primary 10 10 20 education General c: IU - - I I U Intermediate Professional and Technical education - Total - 7 7 ! Primary 13 3 16 education 0> General (,) 'i: - II) Intermediate Professional and Technical >­ education - - Total 3 3 6 Primary 573 181 754 ., IU I education 'i: General 8 39 47 IU Intermediate :i! education Professional and Technical 5 69 74 Primary I 24 14 38 ! IU E 0 education General 3 1 ·4 {/) Intermediate education Professional and Technical 1 4 84 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table IV.2S, The Literacy Stales in Balikesir Province and Balya, Ivrindi and Savastepe Districts (DIE. 2000) Literacy Status Balikesir Balya Ivrindi Savastepe ! Uterate M* 464105 F 847 2431 4305 A' Total F* 405453 715 2206 M 89685 151 459 01 Literate without any diploma F 84668 I 123 451 , 59 M 204552 307 891 1328 Primary school graduate (5 years) F 218095 370 1206 1692 M 21185 60 131 483 Primary school matching graduate F 15462 35 104 554 M 40968 103 318 629 Junior high school graduate F 20999 34 113 278 M 2300 9 8 29 Junior high school matching graduate F 880 0 4 4 M 47368 98 351 502 High school graduate F 35729 70 191 399 M 25907 53 124 179 High school matching graduate F 11812 36 71 101 M 31976 65 I 145 252 ICollege graduate F 17379 46 61 108 IUnknown M 164 1 4 2 I F 429 1 5 4 ~ //literate M 54 139 225 F 144 419 752 *M: male; F: female Table IV.26. The Literacy States in Canakkale Province and Biga, Can and Yenice Districts (DIE. 2000) Literacy Status Canakkale Biga Can Venice Literate M* 211017 12047 13727 2370 ITotal F* 175064 11300 11501 2256 i M 36786 2104 2181 460 ! Literate without any diploma ~ I F 34363 2131 2161 443 M 98579 4762 5711 939 Primary school9raduate (5 years) ~ F 98890 5737 1268 M 7804 597 154 Iprimary school matching graduate i F 6184 498 598 103 M 17927 1118 1424 237 Junior high school graduate F 6946 527 477 77 M 1052 69 144 9 Junior high school matching graduate F 333 31 28 3 M 22014 1553 1379 271 ! High school graduate F 15139 1269 960 178 M 12499 754 1287 124 High school matching graduate F 5685 502 496 94 h M 14303 1088 1007 College graduate F 7389 601 465 Unknown M 53 2 3 F 135 4 22 2 Illiterate M 14075 470 413 106 F 30965 1283 936 282 I *M: male; F: female 85 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table IV.27. The Literacy States in Manisa Province and Soma District (DIE, 2000) Literacy Status Manisa Soma Literate M" 529110 25481 Total F" 541584 24743 M 116753 5906 Literate without any diploma F 112091 5967 M 269573 10692 Primary school graduate (5 years) F 253642 13493 M 15706 1050 Primary school matching graduate F 12097 774 M 40272 ' 2427 Junior high school graduate F 17717 1243 M 1772 87 Junior high school matching graduate F 662 43 M 39799 2173 IHi9h school graduate F 30345 1899 M 21012 1964 High school matching graduate F 11284 659 M 24086 1177 College graduate F 13447 645 'Unknown M 137 5 F 299 20 Illiterate I M 37686 997 F 118172 3067 "M: male; F: female According to the data of DIE of year 2000, the total actual number of the hospital beds is 2490 in Balikesir Province. 70% of the bed capacity belong to Health Ministry. One of the state hospitals is in Ivrindi District, which is on the project route. In the province, at which there are 20 hospitals totally. the number of hopitals belong to SSK and private institution is 7. In Canakkale Province, which is back of Balikesir Province with regard to the population values and development rate, the number of hospitals and beds are lower than the other provinces on the route. In Canakkale Province the total number of beds is 900 and the number of hospitals is 11. 9 of these hopitals belong to Health Ministry, 1 belongs to SSK and 1 of them ,is a private hospital. There are a hospital of Ministry of Health in each of Biga, Can and Venice Districts. In Manisa Province, which is at the 25th place of the socio-economical development ordering of Turkey according to the Socia-Economical Performance Indeces of the Provinces study prepared by State Planning Organization (OPT, 2003), .there are 25 hospitals. The total actual number of these are 2688. The rate of the hospitals of Ministry of Health is 64% out of the total hospitals. Besides, there is also a hospital of SSK in Soma District. In addition to these there is Salihli Cevsav Hospital, which has no actual bed capacity. and a Health Application and Research Center that belongs to Celal Bayar University in Manisa Province. The information about the number of state and private hospitals and their bed capacities in Balikesir, Canakkale and Manisa Provinces can be seen in Table IV.28. 86 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table IV.2B. TfJe Number of State and Private Hospitals and Their bed Capacities in Balikesir. Canakkale and Manisa Provinces (DIE. 2002) Other Hospitals Provinces Total Number of Beds Number of Institution Number of beds number beds • Balikesir 1734 7 756 2490 Canakkale 698 2 211 900 Manisa 16 9 916 2688 IV.3.4. The Urban and Rural Land Use in the Project Area and Its Close Vicinity (The distribution of the population centers, the existing and planned usage areas, the industrial regions in this range, dwellings, turism areas etc.). Balikesir province is suitable for every kind of industrial work during the whole year on account of the climatic conditions. The transportation by the highways and sea is easy in the province. Balikesir University educates the qualified workers. foremen. technical and managerial personnel for the industry. In Balikesir the sectors are not collected in the central district unlike the other provinces of Turkey. distrib!Jted homogeneously to the districts. For this reason each district is developed in various sectors. For example agricultural machinery. cement. synthetic sack and generators are located in the central district; oliveoil in Ayvalik-Edremit. white meat and dung in Bandirma; milk and milk products in Manyas-Gonen, Susurluk and the central district. Besides Balikesir province has a big turism potential since it has shores to the Marmara and Aegean Seas. At Aegean shores (Alibey Island. Sarimsakli) - Burhaniye (Oren) - Edremit (Akcay. Altinoluk) and at Marmara shores Gonen (Oenizkent) Bandirma, Erdek and Marmara (Avsa, Turkeli) are the turism regions. Besides, thermal springs, Kuscenneti National Park, Kaz Mountains and Kapidag are the other turism areas of the region. Kapidag (Erdek). Alacam Plateau (Oursunbey), Hisartepe (Bigadic), Hanlar Plateau (Edremit), Madra Mountain (Ivrindi), Sindirgi Kertil and Sidan Plateau are tracks of mountain climbing and trekking (http://www.balikesir.gov.tr/a. 2004). Agriculture is the most important activity in the economy of Canakkale Province, but in recent years the industry branches related to agriculture are developed and the industry share in the economy increases. The Seramik and Kalebodur Factories located in Can, Cement Factory located in Ezine and the factories producing frozen food, vegetables and water products in the center are the important production units. The frozen and dried foo ,water product?, bean, cement, mine ore. ceramics and square faience are the most exported products. The substructure studies in the Biga and Canakkale Organized Industry Regions were finished and the allocation of the plots to the investors continues. Besides there are 886 offices are operating in 7 small industrial estates. Canakkale Province has an important cultural turism potential with its historical monuments and natural beauties. Canakkale Province has Gelibolu Peninsula Historical National Park, at which there are a lot of martyries, monuments and cemeteries, and the ancient civilization centers like Troy and Assos and has an important place in native and foreign turism. 87 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Also Manisa province is one of the important agricultural production centers of Turkey. Most of the population is employed in agriculture sector. Manisa is at the 1st place in grape and tobacco production and at the 2nd place in the total agricultural products. The traditional and agricultural industry structure of Manisa was started to change in 1970's. Establishing the Organized Industry Region in the center, the encouragements to the investments and exportation, accelerate the transformation of the capital obtained from agricultural and trade sectors to the industry. There are 90 industrial plants in Manisa Organized Industry Region and about 14.000 people are employed (http://manisa.meb.gov.tr/, 2004). Manisa Province is an affluent province on account of historical, natural and folkloric worths. Kula houses are the most beautiful examples of Ottoman Architecture.?J Besides, Spil Mountain beside its recreation property is a suitable area for climatism, , trekking, mountain climbing and hillside parachute. ----­ IV.3.S. Income (The distribution to the branches of industry in the region that the energy is transmitted etc.) Balikesir is the transition province between Marmara Region, which is the industry and trade center of Turkey, and Aegean Region, which is the affluent agriculture and trade region. In Balikesir, which has the climatic properties of Marmara and Aegean Regions, various types of agricultural products are produced. In addition to this it has an importance all over the world on account of its affluent mine resources. Bandirma, which is its port at Marmara Sea, connects the province to Istanbul region and to the foreign countries. All of these properties cause an active trade in Balikesir (http://www.balikesir.gov.tr/b. 2004). In Balikesir Province, which is at the 15th place of the socio-economical development ordering of Turkey according to the Socio-Economical Performance Indeces of the Provinces study prepared by State Planning Organization, agriculture is an important sector. According to the same report, the share that Balikesir ensures with its agricultural production in Turkey is at the 3'd place out of 81 provinces (http://www.dpt.gov.tr/b.2003).Asit can be seen in Table IV.29, olive growing is an important sector and 14.46% portion of olive production of Turkey is ensured in this province. There is no olive growing in Balya and Ivrindi Districts and Savastepe District ensures 0.41 % of olive production of Balikesir Province. In addition to this. Balikesir has a share of 7.93% in cauliflower and asparagus production of Turkey and 1.40% of this share is produced in Ivrindi District. Besides, the district ensures 31 % of walnut, hazelnut and chestnut, which includes in hard shell fruit category, production and 15% of leguminosae production of the province. The economy of Balya District depends on agriculture. But because of the unproductive fields, limited production could be performed. The main agricultural products are wheat, barley and maize (http://www.balikesir.com/a. 2004). Savastepe District has transition type property since it is located at the southmost of Marmara Region and some part enters the Aegean Region. The main agricultural products of the district are wheat, barley and leguminous and little amounts of beet, grape, tobacco, cotton, sunflower and sesame are produced (http://www.balikesir.com/b. 2004). Despite most of the population is working in public service in each of the districts, agricvlture and cattle breeding are important sectors. The agricultural production data of year 2003 obtained from DIE are given in Table IV.29, Table IV.30 and Table IV.31. 88 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table IV.29. Fruit Production of Balikesir Province. Balya, Ivrindi and Savastepe Districts in 2003 and the Comparison with the Production of Turkey (DIE, 2003) Percentages in Turkey Balya Fruit Production Ivrindi Fruit Production Savastepe Fruit Production Balikesir Fruit Production Fruit Production Rate of Turkey cu >­ iii :s c: '1: %fTT Rate (Ton) Rate (Ton) Rate (Ton) Rate (Ton) III > -cu (Ton) ~ cu U) III Fruits with soft seed (Pear. 0.01 0.01 0.01 420 348 175 15376 3097000 0.50 quince. apple. etc.) I Fruits with hard seed (Plum, 112 235 123 25479 1605900 0.01 0.02 0.01 1.59 apricot. cherry. etc.) Citrus fruits (Lemon. orange. I - 7094 2487650 - - 0.29 tangerine) Fruits with shell Jt, (Walnut, Chestnu 217 1753 67 5655 789000 0.03 0.22 0.01 0.72 etc.) Grape and graplike fruits (Strawberry. 2009 366 331 40650 5611820 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.73 mulberry. fig. grape. etc.) Olive . 1014 245718 1700000 . ~~ Table IV.lO. Vegetable Production of Balikesir Province. Balya. Ivrindi and Savastepe Districts in 2003 and the Comparison with the Production of Turkey (DIE. 2003) Percenta Vegetable Balya Ivrindi Savastepe Balikesir Production CI> Q. ... Vegetable Vegetable Vegetable Vegetable Production Production Production Production Rate of cu >­ :s c: S .~ Rate (Ton) Rate (Ton) Rate (Ton) Rate (Ton) Turkey iii III 'i: ~ '" tV > ~ iii (Ton) tV III U) Leafy vegetables (Cabbages. lettuce. 305 1432 548 5 696600 0.02 0.08 spinach. etc.) Leguminous vegetables (Bean. pea, kidney 62 248 520 32576 709000 0.01 0.03 bean. etc.) Vegetable- fruit (Pumpkin. melon. 6237 43885 27679 912557 20678500 0.03 0.21 tomatoes. etc.) Bulbous lumped vegetables 45 15 100 10993 826580 0.005 0.002 0.01 (garlic. carrot, radish, etc. Other vegetables 20 120 110 108107 0.02 0.11 (Cauliflower. etc.) 89 380 kV KARABIGA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table IV.31. Crop Production of Balikesir Province. Balya. Ivnndi and Savastepe Districts in 2003 and the Comparison with the Production of Turkey (DIE. 2003) Percentages in Turkeir'/...l Balya Ivrindi Savastepe Balikesir Province Crop Production I Q) c. ... Crop Crop Crop Crop Rate of 10 » '6 ...Q) I/) Q) Production Production Rate (Ton) • Rate (Ton) Production Rate (Ton) Production ! Rate (Ton) • Turkey (Ton) I '1\j m 1: .;: ~ I/) 10 10 > = '1\j m If) "... I Grams I (Wheat, 31749 37965 11556 I 562409 30658000 0,1 0.12 I 0.04 1.83 , barley. rye, • etc,) I Leguminous ! (Bean. 37198 1558050 0,05 0,36 1.22 2.39 703 5651 1908 fodder beat, • etc,) , I [Industrial plants I ! (Sugar beet. - - 77970 13645539 - - - 0.57 cotton. etc.) I Oily seed I I (Sesame. 153 143 76 26930 2358780 0,006 0.06 0.03 1.14 sunflower. etc.) Lumped plants I (Onion. 2576 2601 3400 104716 • 7308000 0.04, (),034 05 1.43 garlic, 0, 1 ! potatoes) Fodder • piants (Clover, I 795 7407 599 92668 5962600 0.01 0, 12 1 0,01 I 1.55 malze.etc, l i In Balikesir Province industry dependent on agriculture was developed due to the spread of the agriculture to a wide area. Balikesir industry was not developed as Bursa and Istanbul industries, but in 1996 the industry sector's share in the gross domestic product of the province was about 18%. 8.14% of the active population works in production industry. In Balikesir the sectors are not collected in the central district unlike the other provinces of Turkey, distributed homogeneously to the districts. For this reason each district is developed in various sectors. For example agricultural machinery, cement, synthetic sack and generators are located in the central district; oliveoil in Ayvalik-Edremit, white meat and dung in Bandirma; milk and milk products in Manyas-Gonen, Susurluk and the central district. Besides, Balikesir Organized Industry Region. which was established on 450 hectare area and divided into two parts, is located at the 7. km of Balikesir­ Savastepe road. In addition to this there are 4 modern industrial plants in Ivrindi District and 2 flour factories and dairy farms, at which the milk products are produced, in Savastepe district (http://www.balikesir.gov.tr/a. 2004). In Canakkale Province despite most of the population is working in public service and production industry, the main economical activity is agriculture. Besides, the importance of agriculture increases because the industry mainly depends on agriculture in the province. In addition to this, Canakkale is very important for agriculture since it is in South Marmara Region. where the most productive areas of Turkey are located. The products of the arable fields are the most important source of income for more than 70% of the vlliagers of Canakkale. The villages, where gardening and greengrocering are performed. are 50% of the total villages. Grains cover the biggest area in the total planted areas. Mostly the planting of wheat, barley, oats and rye are performed. The main 90 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT agricultural fields are located in Bayramic, Biga, Can and Yenice Districts. The rate of Canakkale Province in grain production is 1.270% of Turkey and the rates of Biga, Can and Yenice Districts are 33.5%, 8.4% and 8.8% respectively. Besides, Canakkale is one of the shareholders in the production of certain leguminosae like Bursa and Balikesir. Mostly the production of pea, broad bean and kidney bean are performed. Due to its productive fields and temperate climate, it is possible to produce fruits in Canakkale. In stone seed fruit production, it produces 6.29% of Turkey. In addition to this, olivegroving performed in the province has a share of 5.87% in Turkey. Olivegrowing is the main source of income of the Ayvacik and Ezine villages. The Agonya tobacco produced in Yenice District is a desired tOb~SO kinf1 and for th~'S reason its production becomes important. The suitable climate an soil structure of the province enable to produce grapes, which are very suitable for wine and brandy , _0 production (http://www.canakkaletso.org.tr/a. 2004). ' ~oc .~ Gsatk- ! Cl'loid-tc'l'l " Biga District has a great importance in onion, garlic and potato production performed in Canakkale Province. This rate is about 60% of the production of the province. Besides the district produces 20% of the vegetables, whose fruits are eaten, of the Canakkale Province. As it can be seen in Table IV.32, Table IV.33 and Table IV.34, the district ensures most of the fruit, vegetable and grain production of the province. Table IV.32. Fruit Production of Canakkale Province, Biga. Can and Yenice Districts in 2003 and the Comparison with the Production of Turkey (DIE. 2003) Percentages in Turkey I I I 1 Fruit i ('Yo) ~I Biga Can Venice Canakkale i i Production GI Fruit Fruit Fruit Fruit Production : Production Rate (Ton) Rate (Ton) Production Rate (Ton) Production Rate (Ton) Rate of Turkey iii ' c fa U I GI u 'c I "'"'"" iU fa (Ton) GI c: >­ fa u i I Fruits with soft I seed (Pear, : quince. apple. 960 913 306 76885 I 3097000 i 0.0310.03 0.01 2.48 : I I etc.) I IFruits with hard i i I seed (Plum, : apricOt. cherry. 672 744 255 45650 I 1605900 0.04 0.05 I 0.02. I 6.29 i etc.) • Citrus fruits (Lemon, orange, . . i 354 2487650 . . 0.01 tangerine) I Fruits with shell (Walnut, Chestnut, 275 145 125 4801 789000 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.61 etc.) Grape and i graplike fruits i (Strawberry, 1858 595 1808 45571 5611820 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.81 mulberry, fig, i . grape, etc.) i I 1 i i I I I I Olive I 466 I - I 99788 I 1700000 0.03 i - - 5.87 91 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table IV.33. Vegetable Production of Canakkale Province, Biga, Can and Yenice Districts in 2003 and the Comparison with the Production 01 Turkey (DIE, 2003) Percentages in Turkey (ole.) ; I I Canakkale vegeta~le Biga Can Venice Vegetable Vegetable Vegetable Vege t abl e . Production Rate of ." I c: Cl ; Production: Production Production Production T k ." I ur ey I iii U Rate (Ton) Rate (Ton) Rate (Ton) Rate (Ton) I (Ton) i ,Leafy vegetables I (Cabbages, lettuce, 1179 784 1165 12378 1696600 I 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.73 i spinach, etc.) I 'Leguminous vegetables I (Bean, pea, kidney 902 547 411 I 8207 709000 I 0.13 0.08 0.06 1.16 Ibean. etc.) I , I iVegetable- fruit '(Pumpkin, melon, itomatoes, etc.) 118165 I 29794 69633 I 591178 I 20678500 0.57 0.15 I 0.34 2.86 ! Bulbous lumped I vegelables 5483 826580 I 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.66 (garlic, carrol, radish. 500 I 75 195 i etc.) 1 IOther vegetables 0.19 I 2.04 I I(Cauliflower, etc.) 200 2205 I 108107 • I i : Table IV.l4. Crop Produclion of Canakkale Province. Biga, Can and Yenice Districts in 2003 and the Comparison with the Production ofTurkey (DIE. 2003) I Percentages in Turkey Crop _...1(o.;=YoL-.,}----.,._---I Biga Crop Can Crop Venice Crop ca~akkale I Production ~ I III (/) Goat 1.9 4.7 1.1 53.9 2740.6 0.07 0.17 0.04 1.97 Sheep (Merino) 41.4 198.8 2332.6 Sheep (Domestic) 99.2 148.8 10.9 1135.5 44123.5 Table IV.40. Leather Production of 2003 in Balikesir Province, Balya. Ivrindi and Savastepe Districts (DIE, 2003) IPercentaae in Turkev (0/0) Balya Ivrindi Savastepe Balikes;r I Production III '5 41 c. ~ 'iii Production Production Production Production' of Turkey :?!' c .! ... 41 (number) III ~ (number) (number) (number) (number) III to ~ > iii , III (/) to i Goat 87 90 17758 620923 0.Q1 0.03 0.01 2.86 I - Sheep (Domestic) • 788 1249 250 468780 3859092 0.02 0.03 0.01 12.15 Water buffalo - 144 10473 - - - 1.37 !cattle (Culture) - . 33174 252813 . . 13.12 - Cattle (Hybrid) 54581 674637 . . 8.09 - Cattle (Domestic) • 369 368 15 6342 800872 0 .05 0.05 0.002 0.79 I 1 96 380 kV KARASIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table IV.41. Meat Production of 2003 in Salikesir Province. Salya. Ivrindi and Savastepe Districts (DIE. 2003) Percentaae in Turkey (%) Balya District Ivrindi District Savastepe District Balikesir Province Production ra :c GI c. . 'iii Production (Ton) Production (Ton) Production (Ton) Production (Ton) of Turkey (Ton) >­ iii CD . Z c GI iii > ra ra ~ GI iii (/) CD Goat 17 3.8 1.7 247.1 11285.3 002 0.03 0.02 2.19 . Sheep (Domestic) 17.3 27.5 5.5 6239.9 63006.0 0.03 0.04 0.01 9.90 Water buffalo - 24.3 1709.2 - - - 1.42 Cattle (Culture) - - - 6177.4 53900.4 - - - 11.46 Cattle (Hybrid) - - 12683.6 124615.5 - - - 10.18 Cattle (Domestic) 52.8 52.6 2.1 882.8 111939.4 0.05 0.05 0.002 0.79 Table IV.42. Egg Production of 2003 in Salikesir Province. Balya. Ivrindi and Savastepe Districts (DIE. 2003) Savastepe Balikesir Balya Production Ivrindi Production Production Production (x 1000) (x 1000) (x 1000) (x 1000) The Number of Eggs 5100 150 1440 975611 Percentage in Turkey 0.04 0.001 0.01 7.70 Table IV.43. Honey Production of 2003 in Balikesir Province. Salya. Ivrindi and Savastepe Districts (DIE. 2003) Salya Production Ivrindi Production Savastepe Balikesir (Ton) (Ton) Production (Ton) Production (Ton) Total Honey Production 89.3 115.0 23.4 1292.7 Total Sealing-wax Production 9.0 - 0.2 94.4 Percentage in Turkey 0.13 0.17 0.03 1.86 (in Honey Production) Percentage in Turkey 0.29 - 0.01 3.02 (in S~aling-wax Prod~ction) 97 380 kV KARABIGA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT In Canakkale cattle breeding is one of the most important sources of income of the villagers and the agriculture sector is at the second place. The cattle breeding performed in the province can be divided into two as cattle breeding in plain shore line and cattle breeding in mountain and forest villages. The pastures and meadows covers 5% of the area inside the province. Since the plain shore line areas are more suitable for feeding the animals, the yield is higher. On the other hand Local Directorate Of Agricultural Management serves the breeders by breeding improved stallion animals. As it can be seen in Table IVA4, Table IVA5, Table IVA6, Table IVA?, Table IVA8 and Table IVA9, the productions of milk, wool. leather, meat. egg and honey, which are produced in the province, are not as high as Balikesir Province. In Venice District beekeeping is performed by professional beehives, but these only meet the needs of the families. Table IV.44. Milk Production of 2003 in Canakkale Province. Biga, Can and Yenice Districts (OlE. 2003) Percentage in Turke~~o/!l I I CI> Blga Can Yen ice Canakkale Production CI> (1j c: u Production Production Production Production of Turkey '" Cl 'r: "" "" (Ton) (Ton) (Ton) (Ton) (Ton) iii '" () CI> >­ '" c: '" () I Goat 478.85 691.61 363.68 7438.33 247349.53 0.17 0.25 0.13 2.71 i Sheep (Merino) - 67.94 14979.77 - - 0.45 i I I I Sheep (Domestic) 1427.69 1364.83 1084.86 14457.67 754979.18 0.18 0.1810.14 1.19 ! I ! Water buffalo 124.61 . 124.61 48778.09 0.2€· 0.26 ICattle (Culture) 73997.78 24005.66 5461.20 128178.79 3215858.82 2.30 0.75 0.17 I 3.99 i Cattle (Hybrid) 343Q.67 9183.10 27590.88 4568251.76 . 0.08 0.20 i 0.60 i Cattle (Domestic) ! 63.99 613.61 5129.75 1730027.38 0.003 .0.04 0.30 I ! i Table !V.4S. Wool Producllon of 2003 in Canakkale Province. Biga, Can and Yen ice Districts (DIE. 2003) I Percentage in Turkey i%) I Blga Can Yen ice Canakkale Production CI> Production Production Production Production of Turkey CI> "iii u (Ton) (Ton) (Ton) (Ton) (Ton) '" Cl c: 'r: "" "" iii '" () CI> >­ '" c: I '" () I i I 'Goat I 3.5 4.5 • 2.5 57.6 2740.6 0.1:, ! 0.16 10.09 ! 2.10 I Sheep (Merino) - - 5.6 I 2332.6 - J Sheep (Domestic) 54.2 55.1 44.7 624.6 44123.5 I I I 98 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table 1V.46. Leather Production of 2003 in Canakkale Province. Biga. Can and Yenice Districts (DIE. 2003) .. .. G> Blga Can Venice Canakkale Production G> "iii Production (number) Production (number) Production (number) Production (number) of Turkey (number) C/l iii u c: (.) 'c G> :0­ .. jf, jf, c: u I Goat 3250 955 1017 15080 I 620923 0.52 I 0.15 0.16 2.42 .Sheep (Domestic) 4671 2730 1013 22513 3859092 0.12 0.07 0.03 0.58 Water buffalo 6 . . 6 10473 0.06 · 0.06 Cattle (Culture) 1227 726 3252 252813 0.49 ! 0.29 · 1.291 Cattle (Hybrid) . 242 1813 I 674637 . 0.04 0.27 I Callie (Domestic) 192 72 799 1785 800872 0.~2IO.001 0.1 ,0.221 I Table rV.47. Meat Production of 2003 in Canakkale Province. Biga. Can and Yenice Districts (DIE. 2003) Percentage in Turkey I (%) Biga Can Venice Canakkale Production Production (Ton) Production (Ton) Production Production of Turkey .. u.. C/l c: (I) (.) 'c G> "iii .. jf, -'" (Ton) (Ton) (Ton) iii :0­ .. c: u I Goat 35.7 17.4 15.5 216.5 11285.3 0.3210.15 i 0.14 1.92 ! 1 i !Sheep (Domestic) 86.9 59.2 22.6 470.7 63006.0 ' 0.14 0.09 , 0.04 0.75 ! Water buffalo 1.0 . 1.0 1 1709.2 0.06 · 0.06 Cattle (Culture) 198.2 125.3 544.4 53900.4 0.371 0.23 • · 1.01 Cattle (Hybrid) . 39.4 . 297.3 124615.5 . 0.03 · 0.24 i ! i .Cattle (Domestic) , 34.7 13.4 143.2 315.9 111939.4 ' 0.03 0.01 I 0.13 0.28 ! I i I i 99 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table IV.48 Egg Production of 2003 in Canakkale Province. Biga, Can and Venice Districts PIE. 2003) Canakkale Biga District Can District Venice District Province Production Production Production Production (x 1000) (x 1000) (x 1000) (x 1000) The Number of Eggs 24720 6014 3026 51374 Percentage In Turkey 0.20 0.05 0.02 0.41 I Table IV.49. Honey Production of 2003 in Canakkale Province. Biga. Can and Venice Districts (DIE. 2003) Canakkale Biga District Can District Venice District Province Production (Ton) Production (Ton) Production (Ton) Production (Ton) Total Honey Producbon 163.0 131.9 105.8 837.9 Total Sealing-wax Production 4.5 13.2 - 32.2 Percentage in Turkey in Honey 0.23 0.19 0.15 1.20 Production Percentage in Turkey in Sealing-wax Producbon 0.14 0.42 - 1.03 I In Manisa Province the projects about developing the caUle breeding have been applied since 2003. To reproduce Saanen Goat, which has high milk and semen yield and does not give harm to forests, 127 Saanen Kid and 81 Saanen Stallion were distributed. Also 2550 turkeys and 82 beehives are collected by the governorship. Especially beekeeping was developed and an association was established (http://manisa.meb.gov.tr/,2004).Asit can be seen in Table IV.54, the egg production is developed in Manisa Province. The amount of eggs produced in the province meet 7.44% of Turkey. The production amounts of milk, wool, leather, meat. egg and honey, which are produced in the province, are given in Table IV. 50, Table IV.51, Table IV. 52, Table IV.53, Table IV.54 and Table IV,55. Table IV.50. Milk Production of 2003 in Manisa Province and Soma District (DIE. 2003) Percentage in Turkey I (%) Soma District Production Manisa Province Production of Turkey m m (Ton) Production (Ton) (Ton) U) E 'c 0 m (/) ::E i Goat 57.17 6068.91 247349.5 0.02 2.21 ~ i Sheep (Merino) . - 14979.77 - . Sheep (Domestic) 217,83 13369.56 754979,18 003 1.77 Water buffalo 58.13 48778.09 0.12 Cattle (Culture) 195.72 33341.18 3215858.82 001 1,04 Cattle (Hybrid) 2154.16 84123.89 4568251.76 005 1.84 Cattle (Domestic) 455.31 9761.42 1730027.38 003 0.56 ~ 100 .~ l aSO kV KABABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT . CHAPTER V IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE MITIGATION MEASURES 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table IV.51. Wool Production of 2003 in Manisa Province and Soma District (DIE. 2003) Percentage in Turkey i%) Soma Production Manisa Production Production of Turkey IV III en (Ton) (Ton) (Ton) E '2 0 IV II) :5 Goat 0.9 70.3 2740.6 0.03 2.57 iSheep (Merino) - 2332.6 . - I ISheep (Domestic) 12.5 808.2 44123.5 0.03 1.83 I Table IV.S2. Leather Production of 2003 in Manisa Province and Soma District (DIE. 2003) Percentage in Turkey I ('Yo) Soma Production Manisa Production Production of Turkey IV (Piece) (Piece} (Piece) I'll en E '2 0 (I.) ... :5 Goat 754 13('\'>" 620923 0.12 2.10 Sheep (Domestic) 3867 80453 3859092 0.10 2.08 • Water buffalo 20 20 10473 0.19 0.19 Callie (Culture) - 2550 252813 " 1.00 Cattle (Hybrid) 966 20438 674637 0.14 3.03 Cattle (Domestic) 584 5141 800872 0.Q7 0.64 Table IV.53. Meat Production of 2003 in Manisa Province and Soma District (DIE. 2003) Percentaae in Turkev ("10) ISoma District Production Manisa Province Production of Turkey ... IV en (Ton) Production (Ton) (Ton) E 'r; 0 IV (I.) :5 I IGoat 11.7 207.5 11285.3 0.10 1.84 • Sheep (Domestic) 63.9 1251.5 63006.0 0.10 1.97 Water buffalo 2.4 2.4 1709.2 0.14 0.14 • Cattle (Culture) - 516.1 53900.4 0.96 Cattle (Hybrid) 176.5 3558.1 124615.5 0.14 2.86 Cattle (Domestic) 78.6 689.9 111939.4 0.07 0.62 101 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EtA REPORT Table IV.54. Egg Production of 2003 in Manisa Province and Soma District (DIE. 2003) Soma District Production I Manisa Province Production I (x 1000) (x 1000) The Number of Eggs 19 942277 Percentage in Turkey I I Table IV.55. Honey Production of 2003 in Manisa Province and Soma District (DIE. 2003) I Soma District Production (Ton) Manisa Province Production (Ton) I I Total Honey Production 26.3 751.7 Total Sealing-wax Production 3.3 27.5 I Percentage in Turkey in Honey 0.04 1.08 Production I : Percentage in Turkey in 0.11 0.88 I Sealing-wax Production The total fish productions of Balikesir, Canakkale and Manisa Provinces and the comparisons with the production of Turkey are given in Table IV.56. Only Biga has shore to the sea out of the districts, from which the energy transmission line passes, but except Manisa Province the other two provinces that the line passes have shores to the sea. As it can be seen in Table IV.56, more fish production is performed in Balikesir Province when it is compared with the other provinces. The rate is 1.33%. Canakkale Province and its vicinity cover the fish migration ways, which are formed in the opposite direction during the spawning season, from Blacksea to Marmara and the Mediterranean Sea, which is a fish canal. Like in Istanbul the local hunting area is Canakkale Strait. The local fishes like sardine. bluefish. bonito. chub mackerel and swordfish could be hunted. On the other hand the culture fishing is encouraged within the coverage of "Gokceada and Bozcaada Agricultural Development and Inhabiting Project". Also in Manisa Province fish production is performed in lakes. ponds and dams. The most important production centers are Golmarmara Lake, Demirkopru, Avsar and Sevisler Dam Lakes. Table IV.S6. Fish Production of Balikesir. Canakkale and Manisa Provinces and the Companson with the Production of Turkey (DIE. 2003) Balikesir Total Fish Canakkale Total Fish Manisa Total Fish Production (Ton) Production (Ton) Production (Ton) I ITotai F"h Prod,,'o' (Too) 595 410 411 • I I I iPercentage in Turkey (%J 1.33 0.92 I . I I I 102 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT IV.3.6. Unemployment (The unemployed population in the region that the energy is transmitted and its ratio to the active) As it is explained above an increase in population is observed in Balikesir, Manisa and Canakkale Provinces especially due to the migrations from villages to cities. The population data according to be active economically in the last week of Balikesir, Manisa and Canakkale Provinces according to the data of DIE of year 1990 can be seen in Table IV.57, Table IV.58 and Table IV.59. Table IV.57. The Population According to the Activeness Economically In the Last Week of Balikesir Province (DIE. 1990), !Population TURKEY MARMARA BALIKESIR I Economically active in the last week 24726601 5572971 484 368 , .... Male 16073560 4 125076 308209 i : ..... Female 8653041 1447895 176159 I iEconomicallv inactive in the last week 16030516 4660454 282516 '....Male 4459698 1 189954 83150 J ..... Female 11 570818 3470500 199366 Unknown 26314 4603 170 Ii ..... Male 15467 : 3167 106 l·.. ·Female 10847 1436 64 i ·Populatlon of age 12 and above Table IV.58. The Population According to the Activeness Economically In the Last Week of Canakkale Province (DIE. 1990), Population TURKEY MARMARA CANAKKALE Economicallv active in the last week 24726601 5572971 253754 ..... Male 16073560 4125076 155710 :.... .Female 8653041 1 447895 98044 Economicallv inactive in the last week i 16030516 4660454 95845 .... Male 4459698 1 189954 26996 ..... Female i 11570818 3470500 68849 !Unknown 26314 4603 46 i..... Male 15467 3167 25 i. ... Female . Population of age 12 and above 10847 1436 21 Table IV .59. The Population According to the Activeness Economically In the Last Week of Manisa Province (DIE. 1990)' Population I TURKEY AEGEAN MANISA Economicallv active in the last week ! 24726601 3651445 607016 ..... Male I 16073560 2348396 372516 ..... Female I 8653041 1 303049 234 500 Economically inactive in the last week 16030516 2153134 271 210 ..... Male i 4459698 591975 69977 ..... Female i 11570818 1 561159 201233 Unknown 1 ..... Male r 26314 15467 3605 1 924 193 111 l, .... Female. I 10847 1681 82 Population of age 12 and a00ve 103 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EtA REPORT As it can be seen at this data. wheras the unemployment rate in Turkey is 39%. its 45.5% in Marmara Region and 37% in Aegean Region. This rate is 37%,27% and 31% in Balikesir, Canakkale and Manisa Provinces respectively. As it can be seen at these rates, the province that the unemployment is the highest is Balikesir and the province that the unemployment is the lowest is Canakkale. Besides the unemployment rate of each province is lower than the unemployment rate of Turkey. In Marmara Region 6.06% of the population that was economically inactive in the last week is in Balikesir Province and 2.05% is in Canakkale Province. 74.5% of the total unemployed population in Marmara Region is formed by females and this rate is 70.6% in Balikesir Province and 71.8% in Canakkale Province. In Aegean Region 12.6% of the population that was economically inactive in the last week is in Manisa Province. Like in Balikesir and Canakkale Provinces, also in Manisa Province unemployment is seen more in female population in provincial base. The rate of unemployed females is 74.2% in Manisa Province. IV.3.7. Health (The existing endemic diseases in the region that the energy is transmitted) There is not any disease that can be defined as endemic in each of the three provinces discussed. The list of the diseases, whose decleration are obligatory and obtained from Canakkale, Balikesir and Manisa Provincial Directorate of Health, is presented in Table IV.60. The disease statistical form given in the table covers the first nine months of 2004 for Canakkale and Manisa Provinces and the whole of year 2003 for Balikesir Province. Table IV.60. The Existing Diseases in Canakkale. Balikesir and Manisa Provinces The Number of Occurance ~Diseases Canakkate Balikesir Manisa inQ-couQh 1 14 i 11 Tetanus - 2 1 Measles 102 29 281 Typhus - 1 - · Tvphoid fever 3 1 7 i B. Dysentery · . 14 · A. Dysentery 58 241 i 162 i Hepatit-A 29 260 I 70 Hepatit B 6 37 52 Hydrophobia suspIcion 1.148 1,586 1,302 bites i Brusella 27 138 106 Anthrax 5 3 I . I Meningitis 2 8 16 Scarlet fever 4 84 101 Streptococcus angina 22 29 2 Tuberculosis 139 195 202 Malana · 3 4 • Syphilis · 4 . IV.3.S. Other Properties There are not any other information and document to give in this chapter. 104 380 kV KARABIGA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT CHAPTER V.IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE MITIGATION MEASURES V.1. Activities During Land Preparation, Construction and Installation Stages, Impacts on the Physical and Biological Environment and the Mitigation Measures In this chapter an evaluation is performed according to the data and findings, which were obtained from the field studies and literature surveys performed and explained in Chapter IV. The possible negative effects due to the construction studies are determined and the impact size and importance are evaluated. V.1.1. Locations and Areas of Excavation, the Transportation, Storage and Usages of Materials and Explosives to be Used in Excavation During Land Preparation Stage The excavation and fill processes would be performed while digging hollows for placing the tower feet during the land preparation. During excavation no inflammable, explosive, hazardous or toxic material would be used, only the work machinery and digging implements etc. would be used. The towers would be placed far from the continuous and discontinuous streams, which flows parallel or cut the ro~ute, possible and no digging would be performed in watery places. I I tM as far as If I wi' . --- cMt-l--U 1'10#(; ;, " UJl c:-th 1. In energy transmission line projects after research and project thEYstaking out the q } plot of land is applied by determining the angle points and the places of the tower feet. In l(l,l) . the staking out the plot of land 1 central pile. 4 x 4 ::: 16 foot piles, 1 bracket pile, 2 )~f)1 direction piles (forward and backward) and 1 aliman (forward line pile) are driven. After these processes it is passed directly to the construction phase. In the construction phase an excavation would be performed for the foundation hollows of the energy transmission line towers in the project area. For each of the transmission line tower 4 hollows would be dug. The depth of the hollows, in which the tower feet would be placed, are about 3 m and their dimensions would be 3 m x 3 m. Totally 526 towers would be st up along the line. The total excavation amount in this case is calculated below. Hollow volume =3 m x 3 m x 3 m ::: 27 m3 The excavation amount for one tower = hollow volume x the number of feet =27 m3 x 4 == 108 m3 Total excavation amount= The excavation amount for one tower x number of towers . = = 108 m3 x 526 56,808 m3 As shown above, the total excavation amount for 526 towers would be 56,808 m 3. V.1.2. The areas that excavation wastes such as, soil, stone and sand would be transported or the purposes for which these wastes would be utilized Within the coverage of the project the total excavation amount for 526 towers 3 would be 56,808 m . The topsoil would be grazed and stored during digging hollows for the tower feet and after that the construction works would be started. The material that would formed during excavation would be used for filling processes and for levelling the area. For this reason there would be no excavation waste of the project. 105 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT The topsoil, that would be stored seperately from the excavation material, would be spread uniformly to the area that it had been grazed. For this reason, there would be a temporary effect during the construction works. In this matter the principles of Regulation on Excavation, Construction and Demolition Wastes, that became valid after published at the Official Gazette dated 18 March 2004 and No, 25406, would be followed. V.1.3. How and Where Drainage and Flood Prevention Activities would be Carried Out The Technical Specification of Turkey Power Tranmission Co. General Directorate (TEIAS) would be followed during selecting the locations of the tower feet in 380 kV Karabiga - Can - Soma TPS Energy Transmission Line. As explained in Chapter IV.2.4 ,1IrdUf) there are a lot of continuous and discontinuous streams those cut the line or flow pa~t_L The tower feet would be placed away from these surface waters as far as possible and it elF,'.! would be kept away from the flood beds. Besides, as explained in Ch~4 in the Un)' areas those hav~isk ~rarnage canals would be constructed at the sides of the service roads and by this way\'the sediment transportation to the streams would be prevented. l1D1AJt;r-- Uv:: lC IJ 000J c;)~<:/ V.1.4. The Processes related to the Construction of the Service Roads of the Transmission Lines and the Materials that would be used /' ( ; ­ In the construction of 380 kV Karabiga Calil' - Soma TPS Energy Transmission Line the existing roads would be used s far as p<;1ssi e. Since the pro~ the eXisting 154 V Balikesir; II - Can Energ ransmission Line, it would be possible to use the service roads os are constructed before. The important points in case of constructing service road is inevitable are explained below. • It would be kept away from the cultural areas determined on the project route. • Drainage canals would be constructed at the sides of the service roads and by this way the sediment transportation to the streams would be prevented. • The service roads would be watered when they are used and by this way the dust production would be prevented. • It would be kept away from the areas those have surface water around. • It would be kept away from the areas those have visual worth. • It would be abstained from cutting trees. • It would be kept away from the areas, where the topography and geological structure ar~.e "11{. • Instead of clear1ir¥g'the plant cover completely at the areas those would not be used again by constructing the service roads, pruning method would be used. By this method, at which the plants are pruned from 0-10 cm from the ground, removing the roots is prevented and the return of the area to its former condition is faster. • At the private property areas it would be came to an agreement with the owner of the area and the works would be performed to return the area to its former condition if necessary. • The erosion formation would be minimized. For this reason the surface flow diversion canals would be used at the areas, at which the service roads would be constructed. (These canals would be preferred at the regions, at which there is no plant cover, the erosion risk is high and besides the electric towers are parallel to the slope.) The diversion canals would be constructed perpendicular to the slope at these areas. and by this way tbe canals would hold the surface flow and the sediments coming from the upper levels of the slope. The diversion canals slow down the surface flow and ensure the settling of the sediments in these canals. The end of the canals would be directed to the natural flow of the water. The canals would be constructed by the rip-rap material. 106 380 kV KARABIGA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PRO.IECT EIA REPORT /h6W 1 • In the operation phase the roads those would not b'e used anymore would be 1 closed. For this reason the compressed soil would be swelled and planted bY~USing a ,~ seed mixture that is suitable to the natural plant cov~ area if necessary ()J~ areas those have high erosion risk and have visual worth etc:J.l~ary JOe dt construction areas (for ~ample. tower areas, service roads) would be~ t"their ~,1jl i former-1:eftdition according to the demand 0 e .s, fiel~ers. The r~ 1 m at is used to re u . orme( con Ition inclu es returnmg the a' compressed soil to its natural contour or making it suitable to the topography\ and inseminating if necessary and constructing drainage canals and/or ducts to pre~nt erosion. The guide knowledge about constructing ducts is presented in Figure V.1. ~../ ()j r'l ~f.U' ..-."-----------.--------, rtitn 01 ,..----------...".---- -- . . ~:--,:(.: LJ \ l\ . ~ Surface Flow ~'!:.:7~~~ Berm is formed by the use of soil ..{ '.' ' '-, ~J.',........ ~~,.~." " ,r !r.' ___ .... • , ',.'/ 1. if excavated from ditch .,,< . " .... - " . .. I l ~:... "" . Slope: %2-4 . . ' I • "' . -,.:. I' l :} '/~'" J •• ' {.' ,.... ~~ ~~. ,I', ',i> ',J '" '. ;,/1 " • ~r'! -~~-..:,:S;~'-~ , ! '- "'.... !.' ,: ," .. B / , r A\ ~,\0.y . , , , \'\."" '"-.~ -...:::.."" .. Deep water ditch "'" " ! Road Surface A =0.6 - 0.75 m araSf B =1.8 - 3 m arasl Shallow water ditch A= 0.2 -0.3 m = B 1.8-3.7 m ~:"n'''·i~,*,,1''··! *~~, ~ ~----------~----.--------------~~ . / .... 30 Reference: Kochenderfer 1970, s. 28 '.. '. -_ ..... Figure V.i. Gellerallllformalioll About Ditches ? Due to the economical aspects. constructing servi e roads is not a preferred method generally. But in case of constructing a service /J ad is inevitable, it would be ensured for the road to be safe in work health and fety as t b~side the other components. The main machinery 0 constructing a service road is bulldozer, grader and tractor. V.1.5. The Processes related to the Construction of the Transmission Lines The construction of the energy transmission lines includes the survey and project studies. the land preparation processes, the assembly and wiring phases respectively. construction period (assembly and wiring) is generally accepted as one week excluding the inevitables. The works performed in these phases are summarized below. The main 107 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PRO.IECT EIA REPORT machinery used In the energy transmission line plant projects are truck, excavator, concrete~mixer, generator, forklift, bulldozer, crane truck, tractor, saw, water tank and wiring machine. Some of these machinery are presented in Figure.V.2. Survey and Project: The approximate route of the planned line is drawn on the 1/25,000 scaled maps. The accuracy of the route drawn for the planned line is surveyed during the field studies performed later. As a result of these studies the certain line is determined by taking the components like plant, maintenance, operation conveniences, military areas, airports, government reproduction farms, parallelism to the existing ETL, motorways, railways, reronstruCfed areas;-mfne and Coal areas, bog, flood bed, landslide areas, forest, orchard, poplar grove, special environment protection areas, dam, pond and irrigation canals etc. and the environmental impac;1 asse6;~ performed in th~s ?) -..phase iD!o consideration. After the adjudication of the project the plan~profile studies are ( performed and the expropriatioll studies req}Jired for ownership and easement are performed. Cu l tvrt} t ~~I!;i cltJ~r/\t)&.!ft~~ I:; Preparation of the Construction Corridor: The preparation of the construction corridor would be different according to the plant cover and surface slope. In the areas, at which the slope is low and the plant cover is short, the plant cover would be pruned at the surface level. By this way the roots would not be distrubed and returning of the corridor that would not be used for maintenance works to its former condition would be easier. In the rough areas smoothing the construction corridor would be needed for work safety. In this case the pruned plants would be stored beside the construction corridor temporarily. By this method, at which removing the plant cover completely is not needed, returning of the area to its former condition would be faster and the habitat disturbance and the erosion potential would decrease. The pruned plant cover would be spread to the areas. which have no fire risk. to decrease erosion and to create habitat. These processes, which would be performed only at a width of 15 m along the line, would be performed only if the construction corridor is used as service road at the same time. It would be abstained from cleaning the corridor in deep valleys and wooded areas. Assembly: The assembly processes can be examined as sub and super assembly. Subassembly: The first process of the subassembly of the energy transmission line is opening the areas. at which the tower feet would be placed. The feet of the electric tower are placed in 4 different hollows those have a depth of about 3 m. The substructure for grounding is prepared in this phase. If the soil resistance is below 20 ohms 1 electrode and if it is above 20 ohms 4 electrodes are placed. The grounding electrodes are buried at a depth of 1.5 m. After finishing these processes the hollows are filled and the feet are concreted. Superassembly: After the tower feet are placed in the hollows the electric towers are constructed by assembling the steel pylons to each other with bolts. After the construction of the towers the insulators are mounted to the towers. After the superassembly processes it is passed to the wiring process. Wiring: The wiring and brake machine is used for wiring the electrical wires. These wires have three phases and single circuit. For the protection against lightning during wiring, "protection wires" are wired from the top of the towers. All kinds of standard signs and written signboards like "Death Risk" are placed on the·towers of the energy transmission line. After finishing all processes the line starts to operate after being tested. 108 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Clening the Construction Corridor and Returning the Area to Its Former Condition: After finishing the construction works the service roads are the only connection to the construction corridor. According to the demand of the field owners the service roads those are not needed for maintenance works would be closed. All rubbish and construction wastes in the construction corridor would be collected. A seed mixture that is suitable to the natural plant cover of the area would be used in the areas, which would be covered by the plant cover to prevent erosion. According to the demands of the field owners, hedges, barriers and gates would be used for limiting the entrance to the service roads. Figure.V.2. The Main Machinery Used in Energy Transmission Une Projects 11 rgiy -sh <)U~ ~ ~~ fJ 0 ov:t~ fMtbo ! I The General Mitigations In the Construction Works 7 /' l . )i> The construction machines could only use the construction corridor, the ~ng roads and the service roads those would be constructed. . )i> The towers would be placed away from ditches. cultural and historica} ar~as r) and the places those have visual worth as far as po~i9Je.f~Jt;{ j(l f)f t'r(II':J~ tcW I ,1.1l1 , }- The construction works woula belimltea 6y the areas that the towers would be ;-\OO'l\\t~d'-'" constructed, work site/depot areas and the service roads. To determine the construction ~ \ \ ----.:> corridor signs would be used in the areas like wild life W'oted!QD sites and archeolggj@! i~' sites. The required knowle . n would be given to the workers not to give ~ . any tlarm to these area. Permanent p'aints" would not be used on rocks or plants for 0\ marking. -;) / 1~ 7 \ }- At the areas th d not be used again. the plant cover would be protected as far as possible and by using pruning method instead of cleaning the plant \ cover completely. the harm given to the roots would be prevented and returning of the Jh-f (0 rWd(;;J,ft;- c6J y~ ~ if frIbt 04Itt ~ c6/k61P' \ \bl() c:d lJ.e. iJ f / ~4S?¥ 109 r­ 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERl TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPOf area to its former condition would be easier. During the removal of the plant cover chemicals would not be used and the plant cover would not be burnt. » If necessary the construction areas (for example. tower areas, service roads) would be returned to their former condition according to the demand of the local governments. field owners. The method that is used to return the area to its former condition includes returning the compressed soil to its natural contour or making it suitable to the topography and inseminati' sary n s ructing drainage canals and/or ducts to prevent erosion. h.1\1.{J 1, » Bird rep~en~s woulq be mounte~ on the towers to prevent the nesting of the birds on the towers. . ~, ('MtLji("J; t/ev,,:.t.:; '1 ? The cultural an~ archeological areas would be taken into consideration during the construction works. In case of coinciding any cultural asset trye rplated C~ulturaland Natural Assets Conservation Committee ~ul.Q.be infor~d.1tef 5ff- nt ~ 7 , , tI. .J » All the construction works would be performed iQa wa.Y..,that giv s the leas~{Wl harm to the plant cover. soil and topography and watering would be performed 1IW:t:t' continuously to prevent the dust formation during the works. ? » No wastes that could not be broken up biologically would be kept in the project UJ • area. The collected plants could be left in the area (could be s~"read to the area) or could be discarded with the solid wastes according to the demand of the field owners. » The fluid wastes would be collected in the impermeable septic tanks and would not be discharged to soil or surface waters. For this subject the principles of Technical Methods Communique of Water Pollution Control Regulation and the principles of the Regulation about building hollows at the places, that the construction of drain canal is not possible would be followed. The solid wastes and the construction wastes would be collected separately and it would be ensured to be taken by the municipality or a licensed recycle plant. The potential hazardous wastes like paint. waste oil etc. would not be mixed with other wastes and collected at an area that does not have a contact with the soil and r \ would be send to a licensed recycle or disposal plant. Related to the subject the declarations of Soma. Biga. Ivrindi and Venice Municipalities are presented in Appendix A. » In case of constructing the service road is inevitable, the route of the road would be determined in a way that minimizes all the effects including the visual effects. 110 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT ErA REPORT V.1.6. Activities Spreading Dust During Construction Stage Such As Crushing, Grinding, Transportation and Storage (the evaluation of the impacts due to the project according to "Industrial Originated Air Pollution Control Regulation" that was published in the Official Gazette dated 07 October 2004 and No. 25606 and becam~ I ""_, I valid) UJ~f',,,;~dJu rl::~'? The detonation, crushing and grinding processes_woJ,J.ld n6!.. be...p§rformesJ in the ftJ/U4 ~nstruction phas of the project. Consequently, during the project the dust (PM) would 1'Mr1Jl/" ') belotme ue to excavation and fill works, the exhausts of the machinery used and their vC",,r·,'" movements in the area. During the construction works most of the dust would be formed during the excavation and fill works. Consequently, for the calculation of maximum hourly emission due to the project the excavation and fill works were evaluated and also the dust emission due to the exhausts of the construction machinery and transportation vehicles and their movements in the area were taken into consideration. 3 Within the coverage of the project for each foot of the tower, a hollow of (3x3x3 m ) 3 27 m is required. It would take approximately 4 hours to open a hollow and excavator and tractor would be used for digging processes. The assumptions used to calculate the maximum hourly emission amount due to the project are stated below. • At most two vehicles could work in the area (200 m2 for towers, 400 m2 for angle points) that the towers would be placed at the same time, • The excavator and the tractor, which would be used during digging and filling, would work at the same time and the tractor would move inside the area, • A carriage and a truck would be moving at the same time, • The dust formation would be reduced about 70% by watering, The assumptions discussed were made according to a conservative approach, consequently, the actual emissions would be lower than the emission values presented in Table V.4. The dust formations due to the exhausts of the heavy construction machines and transportation vehicles those would be used and the activities in the area and the total hourly dust emission value are presented in Table V.1, Table V.2, Table V.3 and Table VA. The calculations were made according to the principles determined in the "Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42", South California Environmental Quality Management District that is prepared by EPA, "CEQA Air Quality Handbook" that is prepared by USA and "CEQA Guide" that is prepared by EI Dorado County Air Pollution Control District. Table V.1. Dust EmiSSion due 10 the Exhausts of the Heavy Construction Machines Used in the Area Machine Parameter Excavator Tractor 0.390 0.350 Total 0.050 0.045 0.095 E = EFt8 hour x Pop E =Emission formed in one hour (kg/hour) EF =Emission factor (kg/day) Pop =Number of machines Source: EI Dorado County APCD, 2001. 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table V.2. Dust Emission due to the Exhausts of the Transportation Vehicles I Vehicle ! Truck Parameter Carriage (petrol) (diesel) Number of Vehicles 1 1 Traveled distance (kill) 2 2 0.8 0.4 PM Emission factor (gr/km/vehicle) I Total PM Emission (kg/hour) I 0.002 0.001 0.003 E = 0 x EF x Pop E = Emission formed in one hour (kg/hour) EF = Emission factor 0 = Hourly activity (km/hour) Pop Number of vehicles Source: USEPA. 1977. Table V.3. Dust Emission due to the Construction Activities Excavation and fill works Emission Hollow Excavation amount in one Emission Emission Excavation amount (ton) Factor volume hour (ton) I Control (kg/hour) 3 27m 3 x 2.6ton/m 70.2 ton /4 hour 0.01 kglton 27m 3 I = 70.2 ton = 17.5 ton/hour I 70%' I 0.052 Dust due to the movement of the vehicles in the area Emission Emission Emission Factor i Number of moving vehicles in the area Control (kg/hour) 0.59 kg/vehicle-hour I 1 I 70%' I 0.177 Dust due to the movement of the vehicles on the stabilized road Emission Emission Emission Factor Number of vehicles on the road x stabilized road length Control (kg/hour) 0.7 kg/km.vehicle 2x2km 70%' 0.840 E=(O·EF*(1·C/100» E = Emission formed in one hour (kg/hour) 0 Hourly activity EF = Emission factor C = Control activity * It is assumed that 70% of the emission could be controlled br waterinf/. e.erformed durinfJ. the construction works. Source: SCAOMD. 1993. USEPA. 1977. USEPA. 1995 112 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table V.4. Total PM Emission due to the Project Activity/vehicle Dust Emission (kg/hour) Dust emission due to the exhausts of the main construction machinery used in the area Fx,",;:,v;:,lnr (1) 0.050 Tractor (1) (-.045 Total 0.095 transportation vehicles Dust emission due to the construction activities Excavation and fill works 0,052 Movement of the vehicles in the area TOTAL As it can be seen in Table V.4 the probable emissions in the construction phase of the project are quite low. According to the principles of "Industrial Sourced Air Pollution Control Regulation" that was published at the Official Gazette dated 07 October 2004 and no. 25606, the limit value (at the places except chimney). which needs additional study for the determination of air emission, is 1.5 kg/hour (for dust emission). Since the emission ~:~~e~l1Z~.:~~a:;'itj:";;/;;'Iii:;;;tif;""~ Since the dust emission withfriqhlt1a;t'~be'tff~project is below the limit there is no need for a special mitigation about this subject but during the construction Cf7i ~J::fV~ ; e() works the dust formation would be reduced by watering during the processes of digging, dll/l5jiJ... filling, grazing and smoothing the soil. The topsoil and the excavation heaps, which would be formed during digging each hollow, would be compressed and these heaps would be ~/ 5M watered with the whole area (The compression of the topsoil would be performed gently tUf.. .1 not to destroy its structure). The loading - unloading processes would be performed t'htJlv/.J'f1.­ without winnowing and the speeds of the trucks would be limited. Besides it would be {JJ!lfL~j ensured to use new and well-kept vehicles and the personnel would use dust masks at - 17'''''~ the places those have intense dust. V.1.7. The Amount and Properties of Solid Wastes Formed Within the Coverage of the Project and The Ways to Dispose Them The excavation material formed during the grazing and excavation processes performed within the coverage of the project. as explained in Chapter V.1.2 would be used for filling processes and smoothing the area. The striped topsoil would be spread to the area after finishing the filling processes. Consequently there would be no excavation wastes in the construction phase and the solid wastes would be only the domesti solid wastes, packing wastes and construction wastes. 30 people would work . the construction of the project. The daily solid waste of one people is assumed s 0.7 kg nd 30 people x 0.7 kg / day = 21 kg / day domestic solid waste is calculated. 113 380 kVKARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT '7 • The domestic solid wastes would be collected to suitable _containgrs in the -;; worksite area and it would be ensured to be taken by the related municipality regularly> • The declarations that the domestic solid wastes would be taken by Soma. Biga, Ivrindi and Venice Municipalities are presented in Appendix A. • The construction wastes would be collected in yellow colored temporary collection containers and the waste types would be written on them. These wastes would not be mixed with the domestic or hazardous wastes. These wastes those would not be used by the contractor firm would be ensured to be taken by the municipality or they would be sent to a licensed recycle or disposal plant by a licensed transportation firm. All . correspondence related to this subject would be performed by the contractor firm. • The usable packing wastes would be separated and the rest would be sold to the recycle plant. • No wastes that are not biologically degradable would be kept in the project area. The pruned plant stems. branches etc. would be spread to the areas to create habitat (at the places, which have no fire risk). According to the demands of the field owners or local community these plant stems could be discarded with the other solid wastes. About this subject the principles of the Package and Package Wastes Control Regulation, that became valid after published at the Official Gazette dated 30 July 2004 and no. 25538, the principles of . Regulation on Excavation, Construction and Demolition Wastes (Official Gazette dated 18 March 2004 and no. 25406), the principles of Solid Waste Control Regulation (Official Gazette dated 14 March 1991 and no. 20814). and the adjustments (Official Gazette dated 03 March 1991 and no. 20934, dated 22 February 1992 and no. 21150, dated 02 November 1994 and no. 22099, dated 15 September 1998 and no. 23464 and dated 18 August 1999 and no. 23790), and the principles of Soil Pollution Control Regulation published in the Official Gazette dated 10 .. December 2001 and no. 24609 would be followed.-()J~ ex~ ~ &...(~1I r~ 1~Ufd b(\ ~UlveJ V.1.8. The Water Amounts That would be Used Within the Project, Where and How the Water would be Provided, After Which Processes How the Waste Waters those would be Formed After Using These Water would be Discharged to Which . /, Environments and the Properties of These Waterswlttf It tJ 71iH1::J t.fIiv ~ ~2, / the construction of the energy ~ The waste waters those would be formed dudrig f'r . transmission line would have domestic characteristi n general. For worksite/depot places priority to the places those were used a ' e would b . en. Since there are a lot of population centers along the project route. the house would be rented in the population centers in the close vicinity for the stay of the workers as far as possible. By this way the domestic waste waters would be connected to the sewer system of the city. As stated before, 30 people are estimated to work for the energy transmission line project. If 150 L of water is assumed to be used by one person daily (Tchobanoglous, G., 1991), daily 4.5 m3 of water would be used by 30 people. The water need would be met by the city networks at the places those are inside the boundaries of the municipalities or by providing from the nearest municipality and transporting by a tanker to the area at the places those are outside of the boundaries of the municipalities. If it is assumed that all of the water used turn into waste water. during one year that the transmission line would be constructed 4.5 m 3/day domestic water would be formed. If the houses could be rent for the stay of the personnel. the waste waters would be discharged to sewer system directly. If establishing a worksite is needed. the waste water would be collected to the impermeable. closed and ventilated septic tanks those would be placed at a suitable place in the worksite area. The volume of the planned septic 114 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT tank is shown in Figure V.3. The septic tanks would be appropriate to Water Pollution Control Regulation (dated 31 December 2004 and No 25687 Official Gazette) and the Regulation on Pit Opening Where Sewer System Construction is not Applicable (dated 19 March 1971 and no 13783 Official Gazette). The water collected in the septic tanks would be taken by the nearest municipality regularly. The declarations that the waste waters collected in the septic tanks would be taken by Soma, 8iga, Ivrindi and Venice ---1 Municipalities are presented in Appendix A. \1/' (, 'b) d~1t \J Q~ 1 (C(1l hlq ~ We \ ~\ Daily waste water amount per person: = 3 : 150 Uday 0.15 m /day C '/Y- m) J .. [\5=/' [, Daily waste water amount for 30 workers: 3 0.15 m 3/day x 30 4.5 m /day , The total waste water amount in 7 days: r 4.5 mJ/day x 7 = 31.5 mJ/day 30m .' jo~.u ~ The volume of the septiC tank: ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . . . . . .....•.. ~ 1 Length = 3.5m Width =3.5m ..' " Height = 3,Om ~_ _ .•.••./ 3.5m Tank volume = 36.75 m 3 Control volume =36.75 - 31.5 III> 5.25 m3 3.5 m Not Scaled ·1 Figure V.3. The Volume of the Planned Septic Tank About 2,500 m3 of water that would be used for construction works would remain inside the material so it would not form waste water. The water discussed would be provided from the population centers in the close vicinity. V.1.9. Processes About Grounding of the Energy Transmission Lines The most important purpose of the grounding process is protecting the people and the fauna species against electric shocks and it is a legal obligation. 8y grounding the leak flows and the static electricity on the equipment can be given to the ground The grounding process of the energy transmission lines would be performed according to the "Assembly Technical Specification" of TEIAS. In the grounding of grate based towers resistance is measured before placing any grounding device. If the earth resistance is below 20 ohms any grounding process is not needed. For all concrete and grate bases, which have an earth resistance higher than 20 ohms, an grounding pile or plate is placed at the center point of the tower and this pile or plate is connected to two feet at the opposite sides. As a result of this process if the earth resistance decreases below 20 ohms, no other grounding is performed. In case of the earth resistance is above 20 ohms, contropua (circular wire cables those are used when the grounding can not performed well) are added. Since an earth resistance of 20 ohms or contropua are mounted to all feet, this additions should be performed. The measurement of the resistance would be performed by insulated grounding plates. Chloride or conductivity slats would not be used. 115 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT In the grounding processes of the energy transmission lines within the coverage of the project the principles determined in Regulation on Grounding in Electricity Facilities that was published at the Official Gazette dated 21 August 2001 and No. 24500 would be followed. V.1.10. Sources and Levels of Noise to Occur as a Result of the Activities which will be Carried out During Land Preparation and Construction of the Plants The noise that would occur as a result of the activities performed during all stages from land preparation to the end of construction works would be due to the construction machinery working. The noise levels of the construction machinery those would be used during land preparation and the construction, were calculated by the method that was developed to determine the noise levels of the traffic and worksites and explained in 'TEM Traffic and Construction Noise Control Report" (UNDP, 1990). To use in the calculations, the noise levels of th cQ~~achinery from 15 m are taken from the report that was prepared A in 1971 Jlamely "Noise from Construction Equipment and Operations, uilding ~l./ and Home Appliances". In the estimate of the constructio noise, the equations developed for point. area and linear noise sources are used: Lp,d Lmax + 10 log (t I T) + 20 log (do / d) (1) point source L p, = Lmax + 10 log [(d/ x 3.14 x B) / (d x 180 x A)) (2) area source p,d = Lmax + 10 log [(d/ x 3.14 x Q x B) / (d x 180 x V)) (3) linear source (4) decrease in noise by the C 1 = 5 x log (do I d) effect of the ground Lp,d : noise level at a distance of d (dBA) (for example. noise level at the receiver environment) Lmax : maximum noise level of the source (dBA) do : the distance that the maximum noise level of the source is given (m) D : the distance of the receiver environment from the source (m) T : the average working period of the source (min) T : the calculation period (min) B : the angle between the source axis and the receiver (90 0 ) . A : the working area of the source (m 2 ) /Iv" 3) jlA U Q V : the : the vehicle movements in unit time (number of movements/3600 ses) average speed of the vehicle (m/sec) V '" I C, : the decrease in noise by the effect of the ground r-- £.~ , J ;L(JA ~ ' / . I I The cumulative noise level caused by using more than one construction machines ~ is calculated by the help of the equation below. ~£t1tUtt-t-/ ,~ I n (L rod )1 I~/Jtf~./~ cf...1 (L ) = 10 .log ~ 10-10- (5) cumulative noise .~/~ pA "'"' L.... level ~y, ~' j The main noise s::rces in the land preparation and construction phases are the excavation and fill processes and the construction machinery used. The vehicles those would be probably used during the construction works and their noise levels are presented in Table V.5. ~ 116 380 kV KARABIGA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table V.5. The Construction Machines those are used in Transformer Station and Energy Line and Their Noise Levels Construction machine Unit Maximum noise level' Average noise level from Source type , (dBA) 15 m (dBA) Excavator 1 105 85 Point ! Bulldozer I 1 120 85 Area ! Tractor 1 120 80 Area Truck 1 85 (at 7,5 m) 88 Linear • WirinQ machine 1 105 - Linear I Hand tools (saw etc) 1 75-85 Point Crane 1 105 83 Area I Forklift 1 - 85 Area Concrete mixer 1 115 85 Point Generator 1 105 80 Point • The maximu~vel that IS allowed in NOIse Control Regulation for using the vehicle ~A' 1971 ,J-- 1-w "'Jrsf DY) »1 o~~ bvv ~ ~(r(, ~l mJ; eJ)To.I: ~ lilln.-.) ~ -{ While calculating the noise levels those would bC~ duri~g irie project works, the construction works could be divided into two parts as subassembly and superassembly. The main equipment used in the subassembly processes would be excavator, concrete mixer, generator, forklift, bulldozer, truck and tractor. But, within the coverage of the project working all the machines at the same time is impossible. Consequently for demonstrating the noise level that could occur in the project, the variation of the noise level, which would occur in case of working five of the construction machines together namely excavator, bulldozer, generator, tractor and truck, with distance is given in Table V.6 and Figure V.4. r1UJ t,) tCl ~ Table V.S, The Variation with Distanc~f the Noise Level that would Occur in case of Working an Excavator, a Bulldozer, a Generator, a Tractor and a Truck at the same time Subassembly Works The Potential Noise Level Distance (m) of the Construction Works (dBA) Construction works 90 15 79.74 80 70 60 50 40 30 -----Leq Cons. 20 it 10 o o 100 200 500 48.39 Distance (m) Figure V.4. The Variation of the Noise Level with Distance in the 1000 43.44 Construction Works In superassembly phase of the construction works truck, crane, forklift, wlnng machine and tractor would be used. But again during the superassembly processes, working of all machines at the same time has a low probability, consequently the actual noise level would be lower than the calculated value. For demonstrating the noise level 117 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT that could occur in the project, the variation of the noise level, which would occur in case of working all of these construction machines together, with distance is given in Table V.7 and Figure V.5. Table V.7. The Variation with Distance of the Noise Level that would Occur in case of Working a Truck, a Crane, a Wiring Machine. a Tractor and a Forklift at the same time ------------_._- Superassembly Works The Potential Noise Level Distance (m) of the Construction Works Construction Phase (dBA) 80 ..... _--" - -----------_..... 15 70.86 1 ~70 50 63.02 CD '0 :::-60 > Q) ~1K lit )IE , i )IE ~ 50 100 58.51 Q) _~ 40 I , = 0 i c 30 _ L e q Cons. 250 52.54 Q) ~ 20 -Limit -5 Jr10 0 0 100 200 500 48.02 Distance (m) ._---------_. Figure V.S. The Variation of the Noise Level with Distance in the 1000 43.51 Construction Works As it can be seen in Table V.7, the noise levels (63.02 dBA) calculated 50 m away from the area in case of working of these machines at the same time are below 70 dBA limit that is determined for continuous worksite noise in Noise Control Regulation. Moreover, when the fact that the distance of the nearest population centers are 100 m away from the line is taken into consideration, it is not expected for the construction of the energy transmission line to have an important effect. But, to minimize the effect especially at the places those are near to the population centers, the mitigations---below would be taken. ~-/. • ould be ensured n ss the ma . noise Llevels those are used in the calculations etermined in NOise Control Regulation by controlling the construction machines use')regularI Y. • Placed~f~~~ ~~~n machines those make loud noise (generator etc.) would be the population centers and their noise levels would be reduced by a portable screen. It would be paid attention to use minif!lYm ..!l!:Im~ of machines at the same time. ~~ • The people living in the population center around would be informed about the duration of the construction works and no works would be performed between 22:00 and 0600. !J~;q6d "Z-~ Z£;-i.-tf1J 'M~~rlftVb 118 ~-~~{fii<+-'1 0/, 14 dJ It? fl. 111 ­ 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT For the control of the noises caused by the activities performed in land preparation and construction phases. Noise Control Regulation that became valid after being published in the Official Gazette dated 11 December 1986 and no. 19308. would be followed. For the protection of the workers from the noise. the principles determined in Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety and Regulation on Health and Safety Issues for Construction Works Regulation those are included in Labour Law would be followed and the required protective equipment would be given to the workers . • UJ~IG~ l-:, I V.1.11. Types and Number of Trees which would be Cut Down for Land Preparation and for Construction Area, Plant Species which would be Destroyed and Size of the Area where Such Activities would be Carried out 60.43 km of the project route pass from the forestry area. 30.73 km of this area is determined as degraded forest area and the rest 29.70 km is determined as forest area. As stated in Chapter V.1.12, a 50 m corridor is determined as construction area. This 50 m corridor is evaluated as the area. in which the forest texture would be effected from the project. The trees at the feet of the towers would be cut down, but if necessary cleaning an area of only 15 m width inside the construction corridor along the route could be performed. According to this, in forest areas along the 50 m corridor the degraded forest area (because of crushing, pruning, breaking, wearing out etc.) would be 153.65 ha and the forest area would be 148.50 ha. Within the coverage of the construction works tree cut would be performed at the tower feet in the forest areas. Within this context; The area of cutting and pruning for the angle points in the forest area = 10 x 400 m2 = 4000 m2 The area of cutting and pruning for the towers in the forest area = = 192 x 200 m2 38,400 m2 The total area of cutting and pruning in the forest area = 42,400 m 2 = 4.24 ha, For the tree cuts those would be performed at the forest areas along the project route. approximately 12 trees would be cut for each tower in the degraded forest areas and averagely 32 trees would be cut for each tower in the forest areas. There are 98 towers located in the degraded forest areas. According to this, 1,176 trees would be cut. For 5 angle paints those are located in the degraded forest area, 120 trees would be cut. For 94 towers those are located in the forest area, about 3,008 trees would be cut and 5 angle points 320 trees would be cut. About 4,624 tree cut would be performed along the route. The tree types present in the 50 m construction corridor along the route are oak (Quercus). black pine (Pinus nigra), calabrian pine (Pinus brutia) and stone pine (Pinus pineal· According to the opinion reports of Balikesir, Izmir and Canakkale Regional Directorates of Forestry, there is not any objection for the passage of the project from the forest areas. Besides, J;- The construction corridor would be narrowed as far as possible in the forest and degraded forest areas and the towers would be placed in a way that they would cause· minimum number of tree cuts as far as possible. 119 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT ;.. The personnel and the construction machinery would only work in the construction corridor and it would be prevented to use the forest for recreation, hunting and resting by the personnel. V.1.12. The Probable Impacts of the Project in Forest Areas, Mitigations Against these Impacts and Forest Fires, (the number of towers in the forest area, determining whether the transformer station is in the forest area or not) It is probable that the 380 kV energy transmission line could have some impacts on the forest areas during the construction works and the operation period. As stated in . Chapter IV.2.9, 40% of the 5 km corridor that is determined as the survey area of the project is defined as forest and shrubbery area (18.22% forest area and 22.13% shrubbery area). At the parts of the energy transmission line those pass through the forest areas only at the tower feet, all vegetal textures and shruberries would be pruned in a way that they would not be longer than 10 cm. The tall trees would be cut down. No herbicide would be used during cleaning the plant cover at all and the plant cover would not be burnt. The topsoil would be grazed and stored aside during digging hollows for the tower feet and the subsoil would be excavation to a depth of 3 m and stored in a different place. In the forest areas, for the impact area of the project, a 50 m corridor, 25 m at the right and 25 m at the left of the line, is determined as the area that the flora texture would be affected from the project. According to this, totally 60.43 km of the route passes through the forest area according to the selected alternative. 29.70 km of this area is determined as forest area and 30.73 km is determined as degraded forest area. Thus, according to the 50 m corridor that is determined as the area that the flora texture would be affected; The length of the degraded forest area = 30,730 m The length of the forest area = 29,700 m The area that the flora texture could be affected =50 m The degraded forest area that the flora texture could be affected == 30,730 mx50 m = 153.65 ha The forest area that the flora texture could be affected =29,700 m x 50 m =148.50 ha. A temporary loss in flora would be observed due to the pruning of the plants. The vegetal plant species would cover the surface again by the topsoil that would be spread again after the construction works. Growing up of the tree types would not be let under the tower feet. The fauna species exist in the forest would be affected from the noise and the dust during the construction works. But this effect is a temporary effect that would be formed during the construction works. The impacts on flora and fauna species are explained in detail in Chapter IV.2.10, ChapterV.1.16, ChapterV.2.6 and ChapterV.2.7. The height of the wires would change with the change in the topographic structure but, the towers those would be constructed within the coverage of the project would have an avarage height of 30 m. By cutting the top of the trees it would be ensured to grow up in horizontal for the trees those are under the wires against the fire risk at the energy transmission lines. By the controls performed by the maintenance crews every 6 months the plants those have probability of creating danger by growing up would be determined and pruned with the control of directorate of forestry management. 120 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT A few subjects, which would be paid attention during the construction and operation phases of the energy transmission line, have importance in minimizing the fire risk. It should be examined whether the earth resistance is suitable to the value calculated by the method determined in Regulation on Grounding in Electricity Facilities. The wiring and the brake machines those are used in wiring and the movable conductors should be grounded. All parts of the plants should be arranged in a way to prevent the cut off the short circuit flow, fire or the damage of the plants against the overcurrent effects. While limiting the working area during the construction works the dimesions of the equipment, manoeuvring possibilities of the construction machines and vehicles and the probability of breaking of the lines should be taken into consideration. In the operation phase of the project the fire risk would be the most important risk that the forest areas could face with. The fires due to the transmission lines are caused in general by the lines those are not overhauled and defective. During the maintenance works pruning the plants those create danger by closing to the towers. r~ving the surface cover like dry grass etc. have importance in preventing the fires. lJhe~ 17 r I hould be cut firstly in the fires occured at the ener transmission lines. Then it could be passed 0 extinguishing works. Against the fire' ry c emical dusty fire extinguishers should be used. Using water for fire extinguishing would cause the spreading out of the fire to wider areas due to the electrical leakages. According to the opinion reports of Balikesir, Canakkale and izmir Regional Directorates of Forestry, there is not any objection for the passage of the project from the forest areas. For the forest areas, from which the route would probably pass, the modifications of the 17. article of 6831 no. Forest Law would be followed. V.1.13. Size of Agricultural Lands that would be Lost for Gaining Land and During Land Preparation, their Land . Utilization Capabilities and Types of Agricultural Products, Land Utilization Permission for Non-agricultural Purposes The main agricultural products and industrial products produced in the agricultural areas that the route pass through are types of (wheat, barley, oats. maize. rye, sunflower, tobacco. sesame, chickpea, bean), fruit (chestnut, olive, pear. apple, quince, plum, grape, walnut, peach) and vegetable (pepper. cucumber. sweet gourd, vegetable marrow, leek, cabbage, bean. aubergine). The map of the land utilization capabilities and the present land utilizations along the 5 km route that was determined as the survey area of the project is presented in Appendix B. About 80.7 km of the alternative that was developed as Alternative 1 passes through the agricultural fields according to the Land Use Maps of the Province that was prepared by General Directorate of Rural Affairs. In the fields those were defined as agricultural fields along the route there are rain-fed agriculture fields without fallowing, irrigated agriculture fields, insufficient irrigated agriculture fields and vineyards. In the evaluations performed in this chapter, examinations are performed in the 50 m construction area, 25 m at the right and left of the route that is defined as Alternative 1. By the expropriation works performed after the studies of determining the certain route, allocation purposes would be changed at the agricultural fields, where the tower feet would be placed, and it would be appealed for easement for 50 m length area 25 m at the right and left of the wires. In the project, at which the length of the line is about 158 km, 790 ha of area would be expropriated for easement. For the area that would be expropriated, the area beneath the towers (501 units) is about 10 ha and the area beneath the angle point&- (25 units) is about 1 ha. The total area that would be expropriated is about 11 ha. 121 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT The easement area = 790 ha The area, at which the tower feet would be placed = 11 ha = Total expropriated area 790 - 11 779 ha = About 12 angle pOints and 255 towers would be constructed in SO.7 km agricultural area. According to this; = The expropriated area for angle points 12 x 400 m2 4,SOO m2 = The expropriated area for towers =255 x 200 m 51,000 m 2 2 2 = Total expropriated area in the agricultural areas = 55,SOO m = 5.5S ha As stated above there are rain-fed agriculture fields without fallowing, irrigated agriculture fields, insufficient irrigated agriculture fields and vineyards in the agricultural fields along the route. The types of agriculture performed in the agricultural fields along the route, land utilization capabilities and the size of the agricultural fields are given in Table V.S. Table V.B. The Agricultural Fields Present in the 50 m Construction Corridor Along the Route. Land Utilization Capabilities and Utilization Types I Type of Agriculture Land Use Capability Class I Sil:es of the Agricultural Areas (hal I I Irrigated agriculture 1.11 I 26.14 I Irrigated agriculture • (Insufficient) I. II. IV 34.501 Rain-fed agriculture I. II. III. IV, VI 330.99 I (Without fallowing) I Vineyard I.VI I 11.91 I The expropriation works would be performed after the certain route determination studies. The construction works would not be started before the expropriation works had finished. The only difference in land utilization would be observed at the places that the tower feet would be placed. Only at these areas the agricultural activities could not be performed. To prevent the damages given to the agricultural areas because of the construction of the project: ;,. While digging hollows for the tower feet, firstly the topsoil would be grazed and the striped soil would be spread to the surface later. ~ The construction works would be stopped during the reaping and planting periods as far as possible and the damages given to the agricultural products would be met by the contractor firm. :;.. The construction area would be enclosed at the regions of the agricultural areas to minimize the negative effects of the construction works on agricultural soil and products. During the construction and operation phases of the project rules determined in the following regulations and laws will be obeyed: Law of Olive Cultivation (Reg. No: 22221, Law No: 40S6) Law of Pasture Land (Law No: 4342) Law of Aquaculture Products (Law No: 13S0) Regulation on the Conservation of Agricultural Lands (Reg. No: 25137) 122 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT V.1.14. Where and How the Accommodation and Other Technical/Social Infrastructure Needs of the Personnel, Who wX1lul~.~,:fork in All Stages of the Project, would be Provided i 0Lw~ 1"~ The personnel of the contractor firm would be employed in the construction of 380 kV Karabiga - Can - Soma TPS Energy Transmission Line. It is planned to employ 30 people during the project. Renting houses would be preferred for the personnel those would come from the other regions. But if this alternative could not be possible, a worksite would be established at a suitable ar 'a close to the route. The fields, which are in VII. class of land utilization capa I , be preferred for the worksite of 380 kV energy transmission line discussed. The worksite would not be established in forest areas. The I field would be returned to its former condition after the construction works had finished. WIlle 1 Storing and staying would not be performed nea+ the [!d!face waters or the P(e.f~.Y1iQn~/ Ddt; would be taken in inev' ble cases and especially flow c\f the sediri1ents to surface water ~ woul e preven ed. The close vicinity of the areas those'rave visual wortn and natural or historical property would not be selected for the worksi\e. An area that was used as worksite would be preferred as far as possible. I\ \ I .? 0iMJ Mrcrf d The personnel would meet their main needs from t t 'population centers in the close vicinity. The unqualified workers those would be employed from the region would use their own houses. V.1.1S. The Land Arrangements those would be Made for Creating Landscape Elements or for Other Purposes in the Project Area The energy transmission lines create a striking structure in the regions those have pastoral landscape properties. The towers of the 380 kV energy transmission line those would have 30 m height would effect the visual quality of the natural landscape structure in a negative way. The energy transmission lines have a negative effect in both the construction and the operation phases by their metallic view and height. Because of their height, they can be seen from a lot of points. The transmission lines are very bigger structures than the humans relatively and . this makes it difficult to develop precautions against their visual effects. This negative visual effect of the energy transmission lines lasts throughout their life. Beside the topography the visual cover property formed by the vegetal intensity is another characteristic that would decrease the perceptibility. The areas of tall trees can decrease the negative effect that is formed by the energy transmission lines visually. The perception becomes difficult especially from long distances. To determine the effect of the probable change in the visual quality of the area by the construction of the project, the project components should be determined and their influence rates on the landscape vision should be defined. Each component of the project can be defined as a potential risk source. There are mainly 3 potential risk sources those affect the visual quality in the project discussed . ./ The energy transmission line ./ The service roads ./ The worksite area 123 360 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT The Energy Transmission Line The energy transmission line that is planned to have a height of 30 m from the ground is expected to create a division in the landscape visually. Along the project route an industrial vision is formed at the areas those have natural or agricultural conditions. At the same time the visibility of the energy transmission lines increase due to their heights. The surface shape that varies along the project route covers the appearance in valleys while increasing the visibility at hills, hillsides and ridges. This variable topographic structure can function as a natural cover element at some places according to the view angles. While the view can be perceived at a lot of points in the smooth areas that the line passes through, the visibility of the energy transmission line decreases in the regions those are covered by intense plant cover. In the construction phase of the project the line would not be passed from any areas those have natural or cultural importance. The covering property of the nature would be used. It would be abstained from the perspectives those ensure wide view angles in the route of the transmission line as far as possible. The Service Roads Constructing service roads could be required in cases of communication by the eXisting roads is not possible. In these cases especially in the construction phase the first significant change occurs in the landscape due to the grazing of the plant cover. The visual effect is higher at the areas, where the plant cover is more intense. Beside this, some distortion would occur in the structure of soil along the service roads due to compression. The construction of the service roads is costly for the contractor firm and the 1 project owner. Besides, it is not suitable due to damaging the environmental properties. For this reason, service roads would not be constructed for the 380 kV ener 1· transmissl Ine since I IS no ,nevI able and the roads cons ruc e or kV Balikesir I Can Energy Transmission Line that is present and parallel to the line would be used. By this way the effects of the project on the topographic structure, plant cover, soil properties and water sources of the area would be prevented. If constructing a service road is _ inffili@~. then the most important thing that should be taken into consideration is that the service road should cover the minimum surface area as far as possible. The service roads should be constructed suitable to the topography and the existing roads. In the construction of the service roads, the areas, which are in the view of the points those can be defined as panorama point should be kept away. The other subjects those should be taken into consideration are explained in Chapter V.1.4. The Worksite Areas In the project the alternative preferred for the accommodation of the personnel is house renting. But in cases that this is not possible, a worksite would be estahlished. A similar state is in question for these types of areas like the service roads. The visual effect increases in places those have intense plant cover. The visual effect would continue during the construction works in these areas. For this reason, since the area is returned to its former condition, the effect would be temporary. While selecting place in worksite area, if the worksite structures would be placed in a way that the vegetal texture would be used as a screen, the perception of the bad views from the vicinity would become more difficult since the visual cover increases. . 124 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT The fields, which are in VII. class of land use capability, would be preferred for the worksite of 380 kV energy transmission line discussed. The worksite would not be established in forest areas. The field would be returned to its former condition after the construction works had finished. Storing and staying would not be performed near the surface waters or the precautions would be taken in inevitable cases and especially flow of the sediments to surface water would be prevented. The close vicinity of the areas those have visual worth and natural or historical property would not be selected for the worksite/depot. An area that was used as worksite would be preferred as far as possible. While storing the materials it would be kept away from forming very high heaps in vertical direction. V.1.16. Determination of the Magnitude and Distribution of the Effects on the Cultural and Natural Assets (Traditional urban texture, archeological values, natural I. ), values which needs protection) on the Project Route and its Vicinity W IluJ /VVrt hkcitw f Sf] M(}J "~- 11- ? The cultural assets could decompose with time due to the natural or th~Ii:~xternal factors. The decomposition is formed by the contact of sulphide, nitrogen c~pounds, aerosols or dust paricles present in the environment naturally to the structure. According to the level of importance and protection of the cultural area, various precations could be taken to minimize the effect. Some of these are using new machines during the-G .t construction as far as possible and preferring the vehicles those use low sulphide fuels. 1U1 ~ L Other precautions could be covering the structure during the activities, preventing its fall d 0yCLl by the help of the supports or forming an alternative route for the areas those have national or international importance. But, according to the cultural inventories that was prepared by Ministry of Culture and Tourism, General Directorate of Cultural Assets and Museums that is located in the boundaries of the activity area, all the cultural assets except Kaletepe 1st Degree Natural and Archaeological Site that is located in Calkoy are located outside of the impact area of the project. This site area is located on the approximate route that was prepared by TEIAS General Directorate. As explained in Chapter VII, for the cultural area not to affect from the activities in the construction and the operation phases, the line would not be passed from this region by determining an alternative route. Beside this, near Yagcili Creek there ~~ is Uyucek Tepe Tumulus that is outside of the impact area but the nearest cultural asset 1\ ) to the route. The archaeological site located in Soma District is 100-200 m away from the (cv 6 r) line. Besides, in Davutkoy Locality that is in Yenice District there is an Ancient Settlement 1~ (Km-59+000) that is a 1 Degree Archaeological Site. The detailed information about the ~ st other cultural assets located in the survey corridor is given in Table IV.16 (KTB, 2004). In the case of coinciding any cultural asset during the construction works, diractorate of A.J Cultural and Natural Assets Conservation Committee of the Province would be informed!~ In the case of damaging any cultural asset during the construction works, it would be paiW i " by the contractor firm. C tt~fL(f t;J,JD 7 ~. The effects of the construction works on the natural asset can be defined as~ temporary effects. Only the tree cuts at the areas, where the tower feet would be placed, would be the permanent effect. Since there is not any endemic or endangered species in the region, there would not any problems in the continuity of the species. There would be an increase in the values of dust and emission of the vehicles with the construction works. But this effect is a short-term temporary effect. The detailed information about this subject is given in Chapter V.1.6. If the service roads would be constructed, the plants that are located in the prOjection of the road would be damaged. There could be an increase in erosion class, during the construction works due to the compression of the soil. The 125 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT detailed information about this subject is given in Chapter V.1.4. During the construction works the fauna species would be affected temporarily due to noise. But this effect drops below the limit value that is determined in Noise Control Regulation after 50 m. The detailed information about this subject is given in Chapter V.1.1 O. /'~ I \ T h e r e is Manisa-Soma Sifadag Wild Life Protection Site in th~..5 km surve~ .L, r ID~ \-e9n:idm:. of the route and the most important species that exists in the field is "roe-deer".J ..jj( rr7 ~eld starts from Yagcili Town at the north and extends towa~d Lr Daztepe Ridges at the south. There is a Wild Life Protection Site in Balikesir Province. ~ Saribeyler City. Doleciktepe Locality. At the same time this area is determined as the area ~ I j, in which hunting is forbidden in 2004-2005 season by Central Hunting Commission. In the 'ifM. . j construction phase. in spite of being outsidEt of the impact area. to minimize the effects lM~d.it over Capreolus capreolus (roe-deer) and the other mammal species. those exist in the "I /. Wild Life Protection Site (Manisa Province). no service roads would be constructed. the lJ (Pv workers would be informed by the contractor firm. machines and personnel would not go out of the construction area and the precautions would be regularly applied for not to exceed the limit value of the noise and dust production at the reproduction season (July­ end of August). The other Wild Life Protection Site. which are near to the route or the survey corridor. are; the areas the Balikesir province boundary following the Sogutcuk-Belen village road at Manisa Province. Soma District at the north and at the south from the Uzunahlr Village to the highway. that connects the Akcaavlu, Dualar Village roads to Soma District; and the areas those cover Kumegrek, Celebi Cay and Gurgan mountain series located at Canakkale Bayramic and Katrandag and Babadag series of Karakoy, Cirpilar and Evciler regions of Bayramic Forestry Management. This area ends at the south of Hatunkoy Village boundary, which is located in the survey corridor As stated above the impacts due to the construction of the project are effects those are defined as temporary effects except the tree cuts and it is not expected to have an important effect of these effects discussed to the natural and cultural assets when their impact areas are taken into consideration. V.1.17. Activities Posing Risks and Dangers for Human Health and the Environment, which would be Carried out During All Stages from, Land Preparation to Commissioning . No detonations would be performed during the 380 kV Karabiga - Can - Soma TPS Energy Transmission Line Project and the machinery and the human power would be used in the excavation and fill processes. Consequently the accidents, those could occur during the construction phase of the project, would be the risks like wounding and fire due to the usage of heavy machinery or working at a high place like at the other construction works. In these matters, Worker Health and Work Safety Rule, which became valid after being published in the Official Gazette dated 11 January 1974 and no. 14765, Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety. which became valid after being published in the Official Gazette dated 09 December 2003 and no. 25311, . Regulation on Health and Safety Issues for Construction Works, which became valid after being published in the Official Gazette dated 23 December 2003 and no. 25325, . Regulation on Health and Safety Requirements for the Operation of Work Equipment. which became valid after being published in the Official Gazette dated 11 February 2004 and no. 25370, Regulation on Basics and Methods of Workers Health and. Safety Training, which became valid after being published in the Official Gazette dated 07 April 2004 and no. 25426, Regulation on 126 380 kV KARABIGA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Health and Safety Signs, which became valid after being published in the Official Gazette dated 23 December 2003 and no. 25325. Regulation on Health and Safety Requirements for the Operation of Work Equipment n. which became valid after being published in the Official Gazette dated 11 February 2004 and no. 25370. those are in the coverage of Labour Law. which became valid after being published in the Official Gazette dated 10 June 2003 and no. 25134. would be followed. • Before the project started a coordinator that would work about the work health and safety would be appointed and a work health and safety plan. in which the rules and emergency action mitigations are determined, would be prepared. All the workers would be informed about the plan that would be prepared in a clear form. The coordinator would perform the controls for ensuring the workers to work safely during the project and would guide the workers. • During the construction the required signs and warning boards would be placed in the construction area. • The personnel would be educated about subjects like figthing against fire. working at a high place and first-aid. • The required personal protective equipment like helmet, glove, safety boot and ear protectors would be distributed to all personnel and it would be ensured that they are used by the workers. • The technical controls and maintenance of the vehicles used would be performed periodically during the project. • The fire extinguishing equipment and first-aid bag would be present in the vehicles used all the time. • The required arrangements would be performed to prevent the entrance of the people except the people allowed. Another subject that should be dealt with in this chapter is the hazardous wastes of the project. The wastes due to the material like oil, paint etc, that would be used for construction activities. and the materials like tin, barrel etc, that are contaminated by oil are in the category of hazardous waste. But within the scope of the project this type of waste would exist at very limited amount. In the project the precautions below would be taken to prevent the risks of the hazardous wastes for the people and the environment. • Within the scope of the project experts and personnel that have knowledge about hazardous wastes would be employed and using protection equipment by the personnel would be ensured at all the works related to this type of wastes. • The hazardous wastes would be collected in an impermeable area. labelled as visible and warning boards would be hanged. The field discussed would be whether closed or the top would be covered to protect effectively from rain and the sun. All the hazardous wastes would be collected at the containers. those would be placed in this area. Mixing of the different types of the wastes would be prevented. • Waste oil containers would be red in color and "waste oil" label would be placed on them. Mixing of the other materials like water. petrol, fuel-oil. paint. detergent, solvent, antifreeze. engine oil etc. to these containers would be prevented. 127 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT • The r>zardous wastes would be send to a licensed recycle or disposal plant periodically. The.,ame application would be applied to all kinds of materials (oil, paint tins, barrels etc.), that have polluted or contaminated with this wastes, this wastes would not be fixed with solid wastes. Transportation of the wastes to the disposal plant would be arranged by a licensed transporter. • In case of any pouring or contamination, the poured material would be cleaned by using absorbents like sand, wood-shavings etc. and it would be sent to the licensed. disposal plant with other hazardous wastes. In this matter, Hazardous Waste Control Regulation dated 27 August 1995, Waste Oil Control Regulation dated 21 January 2004 and The Soil Pollution Control Regulation, which became valid after being published in the Official Gazette dated 10 December 2001 and no. 24609, would be followed. V.1.18. Other Activities There is no other pOint to be considered in this section. V.2. Activities in the Operation Phase of the Project, Impacts on the Physical and Biological Environment and the Mitigation Measures In this section, an evaluation was performed according to the data and findings obtained by the field studies performed and the literature survey and explained in Chapter IV. The negative effects of the operation phase were determined, the impact size and importance were evaluated and the required mitigations were determined. V.2.1.The Knowledge About the Properties, Dimensions, Capacities etc. of the Main Structures (Towers, insulators, conductors, towers etc.) Along the Line Route The 380 kV Karabiga - Can - Soma TPS Energy Transmission Line would have single circuit conductor of 3 954 MCM and totally 526 towers (25 of them would be angle points) would be used for the line. The tower types that would be used in the construction of the line are 3A1, 3B1, 3C1, 3D, 3E and 3F. The types of the insulators that would be used are U100 Bl, U160 Bl and U210 BS. The insulators would be appropriate to the IEC standards and the conductors would be appropriate to the related ASTM Standards (ASTM B 232, ASTM B 230, ASTM B 498) or to the related Turkish Standards (TS 490,TS 434, TS 592, TS 730). V.2.2. The Processes Performed, The Material Used and the Types, Amounts, Properties, Dimensions and Disposal of the Wastes that would exist for the Maintenance of the Line Route After the commission of the energy transmission line, the maintenance of the route would be performed every six months by the maintenance crews by travelling along the line route. At most 2 carriages would be used for the maintenance of the line and the emission due to the exhausts of these vehicles would be at an unimportant level. 128 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT The usable material, that would be left after the maintenance and repairment works, would be sent to the material depots to transport them to the transformer station, that needs them. The material, that could not be used anymore (torn wires, broken insulators etc.) would be sold as scrap or sent to a licensed recycle or disposal plant of construction wastes. The maintenance of the transmission lines are performed by the line maintenance crews and the material that are used by these crews and their propertiE~s are given in Table V.g. Table V.9. The Maintenance Material of the Transmission Lines Material Property Number of Units ~r Aluminium Ladder 1 Unit Grounding Cable 12-15 Units Metal Braided 1 Unit Line Rifle Copper Helmet Fibreglass 1 Unit/Person Wrench Set Metal 2 Sets Braided Linen 1 Unit/Person · Hand hack Metal 1 Unit for 1.5, 3, 6 Tons each I Triphor Metal 1 Unit for 1.5, 3, 6 Tons each I Pull v Metal 1 Unit for 1.5, 3, 6 Tons each Metal At least 4 Units for 300, 477, 795, 954,1272 MCM Conductors. I Snatch at least 2 Units for 50, 70, 96 mm 2 Protection Wires Hydraulic Press Metal 1 Unit for Each Crew Hvdraulic Scissors Metal 1 Unit for Each Crew Tree Cut Motor Metal 1 Unit for Each Crew Axe Metal At Least 2 Units • First-Aid Stretcher Metal+Linen Fabric 1 Unit I • Line Vehicle Metal 1 Unit V.2.3. Activities Posing Risks and Dangers for Human Health and the Environment which would be Carried out During the Operation Phase of the Project The main risk in the operation phase of the project would be the risks that would caused by working with electricity and at a high place during the maintenance works that would be performed in every 6 months. Beside this, there would be a fire risk due to the electrical leakage. As stated above the transmission line would be constructed according to the fire safety principles of Electrical High Voltage Plants Regelation. which is published at the Official Gazette dated 30 November 2000 and no. 24246, would be controlled regularly and the required maintenance, repairment and renewal works would be performed. In the maintenance works of the project, Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety, that became valid after published at the Official Gazette dated 09 Decernber 2003 and no. 25311, Regulation on Personal Protective Equipment, which became valid after being published in the Official Gazette dated 11 February 2004 and no. 25370, Regulation on Basics and Methods of Workers Health and Safety Training, which became valid after being 'published in the Official Gazette dated 07 April 2004 and no. 25426, Regulation on Health and Safety Signs, which became valid after being published in the Official Gazette dated 23 December 2003 and no. 25325, Regulation on Health and Safety Requirements for the Operation of Work Equipment, which became valid after being published in the Official Gazette dated 11 February 200/:;~0. 25370 would be followed. ut~ -t{/M(#f i/6 j~4,~ 129 '-" tJ 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT The crews, which would perform the maintenance of the line, would be formed by the people, who have an education about subjects like fighting against fire, working at a high place and first-aid. During the maintenance works, the personnel would use the required personal protective equipment like helmet, insulating glove and insulating boot and the fire extinguishing equipment and the first-aid bag would be present. Beside this, during the maintenance works of energy transmission lines, Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety of TEIAS would be followed for general mitigations. To prevent the people of the region from coming near to the towers, the required warning boards would be placed on the constructed towers. V.2.4. The Electric and Magnetic Fields that would Occur and Their Intensities, Impacts and the Mitigation Measures The electric fields and the magnetic fields (EMA) are different facts those occur due to the natural causes or the human activities about electricity. The formation of EMAs due to natural causes is related with the climate conditions and the geomagnetic field of the world. The communication devices, electrical home devices and the usage of electricity generation and transmission systems are the examples of the human activities those cause EMAs. The frequency of an electricity line is defined by the direction changing speed of its electric and magnetic field in each second. This changing frequency for the systems in USA is 60 per second and it is defined as 60 Hz. In Europe and Turkey the electricity frequency is 50 Hz. The radios and Communication devices have very much higher operation frequency that changes between 500,000 - 1,000,000,000 Hz. The knowledge given in this section is valid for EMAs caused by electrical communication systems having 50-60 Hz frequency. The electric fields are formed due to voltage difference and become intensified with the increase in voltage. The intensity of the electric field is expressed in kilovolt at 1 meter (kV/m). The intensity of the electric field decreases rapidly as moving away from the source. The reason of this is the absorption of the electric field rapidly by the receivers in the environment like building, tree etc. The magnetic field is the force that is applied by the moving and charged particles to other charged particles. The magnetic fields those form a circular and continuous field are formed due to the current passing through wires and cables and their power increases with the increasing current. The magnetic field decreses as moving away from the source but it could not be absorbed by most mterials. The power of the magnetic field is defined by Gauss (G) (TEIAS, 2001). The health risks of EMAs have been researched for 30 years. It does not have an effect on health that was proved by the scientific studies performed until nowadays but. it does not mean that EMAs do not have an effect. For this reason some standards about EMAs were prepared by some countries and international institutions for prudence principle. The standards those were prepared by accepted by Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee (INIRC) of International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA) and accepted by United Nations World Health Organization (WHO) are presented in Table V.10. 130 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table V.10. The Limit Values Determined About Exposure to EMAs by Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee The Reference Values of Exposure to 50160 Hz Electromagnetic Field Exposure Conditions I Electric Field (kV/m) I Magnetic Field Workers Full time I 10 I 5 G (5,000 mG) Short time' I 30 I 50 G (~)O,OOO mG) Orqans (Arm, leq etc) I - I 250 G (250,000 mG) Community 24 hour/day I 5 I 1 G (1,000 mG) A few hours a day I 10 I 10 G (10.000 mG) • For the fields at 10-30 kVlm level, field intensity (kVlm) x exposure time (hour), for full time should not pass the value 80. The maanetic field intensity that the whole body is exposed to two hours a day should not pass 50 G. TEIAS, 2001 In our country the exposure limit values for EMAs those are caused by the \ transmission lines were determined by the standard namely "Exposure of People to ','I Electromagnetic Fields - Low Frequencies (0 Hz - 10Hz)" that is in the TS ENV 50166 - dated 01 April 1996 and no ICS 29020 edition of Turkish Standards Institute (TSE). These values those are the same with the European Union Standards are given in Table V.11. Table V.11. The Limit Values Determined by Turkish Standards Institute About Exposure to EMAs The Reference Values of Exposure to 50 Hz Electromagnetic Field Exposure Conditions Electric Field (kV/m) Magnetic Field Workers 30 t(hour) ~ 80/E(kV/m)" 16 G (16,000 mGt· I Community 10 6.4 G (6.400 mG)'" • t: time (hour), E: Electric field intensity (kVlm); Electric field intensity (kVlm) x exposure time (hour). should not pass the value of 80 for full time . •• 250 G is acceptable for arms and legs . I ••• 100 G is accee.table for arms and leg,s. TEIAS, 2001 ~ ~ntry ifTl a comprehensive study about EMAs those are caused by high ",""yoltage energy transmission lines was performed by TEIA~ and TUBITAK National Metrology Institute in 2001. According to the results of the measurements taken in this studY:'the EMA intensities caused by the 380 kV transmission lines in our country are 3JtI DJ0 f iJ VoUet4li' f/I}S ~ ({IS tU()[}))J!cr2f j presented irr'ftlble V Lines T.b. V12 Tho 7'!f77ik~iifl1fir~M'JfiJ(~;·z:t(tltthT~ Plant type Electric Field (kV/m) Magnetic Field (mG) 380 kV Energy Transmission ~ 1 -'3 35- 60 Line' I • The measurement was performed beneath the lines. TEIAS.2001 As it can be seen in Table V.12, the values obatined from the measurments are much more lower than the limit values determined by WHO and TSE. For this reason, the electric and magnetic fields caused by the 380 kV Karabiga - Can - Soma TPS Energy Transmission Line would be unimportant. 131 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT V.2.S. The Impacts of the Line on Communication Plants (PIT lines, radios, TV transmitters etc.) The impact of the energy transmission lines on the communication plants (PIT lines, radios, TV transmitters etc.) is due to corona effect. Corona means decomposing of the air to the charged ~a~icle~ due .t? the elect~ic field around the conductors. Coron~ is formed when the electnc field intensifies excessively at the b uctors (like \, pU \~' . (""<_ b<,lllo>ebs). Corona causes a little amount of ozone formation since it causes sounds ose .... co~e heard,radio and television interference, visible blue light and decomposition of the molecules. The engineers dealt with this subject fastidiously until the first half of the 20. century because of the economical losses due to energy loss and the noise effect. For this reason nowadays the deign criterions to prevent the corona effect are quite developed and this effect is observed only at the lines those have 500 kV and higher alternative currents and under negative climatic conditions (TEIAS, 2003). Since the transmission line is 380 kV, it is not expected a noticable corona effect. The corona test would be applied to the devices to prevent the corona effect and the design criteria, those are defined at the Electrical High Voltage Plants Regelation, that is published at the Official Gazette dated 30 November 2000 and no. 24246, would be followed. V.2.6. Determination of the Magnitude and Distribution of the Effects on the Cultural and Natural Assets (Traditional Urban Texture, Archeological Values, Natural Values Which Needs Protection) on the Project Route and its Vicinity With the operation phase of the energy transmission line, its most important impact on the cultural assets would be the negativity that would be formed visually. For the 380 kV energy transmission line, Kaletepe 1st Degree Natural and Archaeological Site (Km-53+000) that is located in the vicinity of Calkoy and Uyucektepe Tumulus that was declared as an archaeological site and located beside the Yagcili Creek between and inside the boundaries of Manisa Province Soma District (Km 139+000 and Km 140+000) and has a distance of 100-200 m to the approximate line are the nearest cultural assets to the line along the route. Davutkoy Ancient City (Km-58+000) that is located in Canakkale Province, Venice District and 500 m away from the line is the 3rd nearest cultural area to the line. As explained in Chapter VII, at which the alternatives were evaluated, the Alternative 1 was developed for Kaletepe Site Area, from which the approximate route passes, not to affect negatively from the construction and operation phases of the activity. So the route was taken 700 m south of the approximate route in this region. The other 2 cultural asset discussed are already outside the impact area. Electric field and magnetic field is not expected to have an important effect on the cultural asset discussed. The distance of the line from the cultural asset would be an important advantage for preventing the negative visual effect of the line. Beside these, an important effect is not expected i n r d the operation phase of the project. / ~ 1/ HfA/1 tr' / • /_f J ~2AVt / -l //( f17 v-'-v f'1I.V Sifadag Wild Ufe Protection Site js insi~ ~ km survey corridor of the project area. In the construction phase, in spite of beiQiDUtSldaof the impact area, to minimize the effects over Capreolus capreolus (roe-deer) and the other mammal species, those exist in the Wild Ufe Protection Site (Manisa Province), no service roads would be constructed, the workers would be informed by the contractor firm, machines and personnel would not go out of the construction area and the precautions would be regularly applied for not to exceed the limit value of the noise and dust production at the reproduction season (July-end of August). Besides, in the project area about 50% of the area is the agricultural area and this causes the extinction of the natural properties with the cultural areas. As a result of this no endemic species were found in the project area. 132 380 kV KARABIGA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT During the construction works of the project signs would be used to determine the natural and archaeological site areas and/or the construction corridor. The required information and education would be given to the workers for no to give harm to these areas. For signing no permanent paint would be used on rocks and plants. V.2.7. The Impacts of the Project on Flora and Fauna that was Defined in Chapter IV.2.10 and the Mitigation Measures As stated in Chapter IV.2.10 and V.1.16, no endemic species were foung in the 5 km corridor that is the survey area of the project. The compression over the vegetation in the vicinity, the intensity of the forest areas and widespread of the agricultural usage are important causes of this. So the most important and permanent impact on flora would be the tree cuts performed at the areas, where the tower feet would be placed. This impact affects the vegetation intensity to a level and also changes the vision. The pruning works that would be performed during the maintenance works of the project can be evaluated as an effect that changes the growing form of the plants, Especially in the forest areas that the pine-needle trees are located, growing up in horizontal direction is observed at the trees whose tops were pruned for not damaging the wires. The pine-needle trees could not develop their natural form any more. The prunings performed ensures more powerful shoot formation for leafed trees. All this formation affects the visual structure. During the construction activities in Can - Venice, Yen ice - 8alikesir, Komurculer - Buyuk Findik, Savastepe - Danisment and Goktaslar Regions, in which the Pinus brutia (Calabrian Pine) forests are very dense, by raiSing the transmission towers a few meters, thE( forest formation in these areas would not be damaged. Fturrn{)Cl1 Since the topSOil would be spread under the towers after the construction works, the plant parts like tubercle, onion, seed those were carried with the soil would be placed in their former places and ensure the continuity of the species. For this reason, the project is not expected to have a negative effect about species variety in the operation phase. In the operation phase of the project, having no chemical wastes of the energy transmission line, the alternative areas for the species in close vicinity, the moving abilities of the mammal, reptile, amphibian and bird speCies, no limitations of the feeding, walk around, lodging and reproduction areas and activities of these species by the activities were evaluated as they would not create any relative negativity in the environmental impacts aspect. The detailed information about this subject is given in Chapter IV.2.10. Besides, the electromagnetic field caused by energy transmission lines having a frequency of 50-60 Hz does not have an important effect on human health, flora and fauna. V.2.B. Other Activities There is no other point to be considered in this section. 133 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT V.3. The Impacts of the Project on the Socio-Economical Environment V.3.1. Expected Increases in Income with the Realization of the Project, Employment Opportunities, Population Movements, Migration, Education, Health, Culture, Other Social and Technical Infrastructure Services, and Changes in Utilization Patterns of these Services, etc. The Marmara Region, in which Balikesir and Canakkale Provinces that the transmission line passes through are located, is the most crowded region of Turkey. The main reason of the population density is the migration to this region because of the developed industry and trade sectors. In relation to this, it is the region, in which the urbanization rate is the highest. In spite of locating in this region, Canakkale Province does not have an important population. Its population increase rate remained low due to the migrations until 1975's and including some of its villages by the other provinces in the vicinity. After this period, the population had an increase trend by the development of the industry beside agriculture. Especially in recent years the migration starts to the province center. Because of the reasons like being near to the big provinces, having an urbanization in good order, having natural assets, it attracts some population to the city. The population of the Balikesir Province is higher than Canakkale Province. Its industry comes after Bursa and istanbul Provinces in Marmara Region. The sectors inside the province are not collected in the central district like other provinces in Turkey, it has a homogeneous distribution among the districts. The Aegean Region, in which the Manisa District is located, has the 4th place in population after Marmara, Interior Anatolia and Black Sea Regions, but since its surface area is small, it is in the 2nd place in population density after Marmara Region. In addition to this, when the socio-economical development is taken into consideration, the region follows Marmara Region. The population of Manisa Province is almost equal to the population of Balikesir Province. Also in this province agriculture is the most important source of income and the agricultural industry is also developed. In each of the three provinces the e~cftt~nsumption increases due to industrialization and urbanization. In addition to t ese as it can be seen in Table IV.23, the electricity consumption' per capita of each of the hree provinces is close to the average of Turkey. Especially in Marmara Region the ener y generation is low but the consumption is the highest. On the contrary, Aegean Regio is the region that has the highest number of thermal power-stations. In addition to his, hydroelectric energy generation is performed. By the transmission line that woul be constructed in the project the energy transfer between these two regions would easier. By this way the required energy needs would be met and besides additional ob opportu . 'es would be created. The 380 kV Karabiga-Can-Soma Thermal Power-Station (TPS) ETl Project is important in developing the urban substructure works, using the effective production techniques and parallel to this the service quality, product variety and the marketing of these products and besides preventing some of the problems in communication in the region. There is migration in rural areas of each of the three provinces on the project route. The unemployment problem is the main reason of the migration of the local community. Creating new job opportunitie,s and attracting the private sector to these regions are parallel to the technical substructure and the presence of qualified workers in the region. Besides it is important to develop and to adapt the substructure systems used to increase the quality of education, health and culture sectors that are the other causes of the migration to the presenttime. 134 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT The positive socio-economical effects of the project discussed would be local and regional and indirectly national but the environmental effects would be at local level. Consequently to inform the regional community and to take the~'r I opinions/recommendations, Participation of Community Meetings are performed at 1-2­ December 2004 in accordance with the judgements of Regulation on Environmental Impact Assessment, that is published at the Official Gazette dated 16 December 2003 and no. 25318. In these meetings the regional community was informed about the project and the works performed, their opinions/recommendations were taken and their questions were answered by the related competents and experts of the organization, that prepare~ \ the EIA Report. The minutes of the meeting is presented in Appendix D ...... WI ~JO{ ,jtJl'S' . V.3.2. Environmental Cost-Benefit Analysis Some adverse environmental impacts would be observed along the route during the construction of the energy transmission line project. These adverse effects can be summarized as change in the land usage, visual effect, cleaning the plant cover and consequently the habitat loss, the discomfort due to noise and dust emission. The effects those were examined in Chapter V.1 in detail would be temporary and would be observed during the construction works only. Since the project completes an important substructure deficiency, its socio-economical effect should be positive. The personnel that would work in the project, especially the unqualified workers could be employed from the region. This would be a positive addition to the regional economy. The electromagnetic field caused by energy transmission lines having a frequency of 50-60 Hz does not have an important effect on human health, flora and fauna. Consequently the most important effect of the project in the operation phase would be the change of land usage and the visual effect at .the areas, where the tower feet would be placed. A comparative benefit/cost analysis by taking environmental factors into consideration could be made between the proposed project and the no action alternative. The qualitative explanation of this study is presented in Table V.13. As it can be seen in the table, the proposed project is more advantageous in a lot of aspects when it is compared with the no action alternative. Besides, by the realization of the project there would be no difference in the present use of the environment. As examined in the previous sections in detail, after the realization of the project about 5.5 ha of agricultural area would remain under the tower feet in the operation phase but the agricultural activities could be performed at these areas. Similarly about 4.2 ha of area would be the forest area that. would be left under the tower feet and the tree cuts performed. But this loss is very small when the addition of the project especially to the regional and national economy is taken into consideration. 135 380 kV KARABIGA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table V.13. Comparative Environmental Benefit/Cost Analysis Explanations Parameter Present Proposed + : advantageous according to others Condition Project - : disadvantageous according to others x : same with the others It would be possible to supply continuous energy by the Energy + proposed project. II would be useful for meeting the increasing energy need of the region. By the proposed project the energy need would be mel and it Economy + would be enable the various investments by the increasing energy safety. . Except the maintenance works perionned every 6 months, the Operation costs + proposed project would have no operation costs. It would be ensured 10 transmit the energy that is generated in Soma Thermal Power-Station and Icdas safely to long Service area . + distances. Thus by the development of the local and regional substructures, a safer and better Quality service nelwOl1< could be formed in the service area of the 154 kV line. In case of realizing the proposed project, it would be ellpOSed to Environmental factors + - the environmental impacts e>q:>lained in Chapter V.1 and V.2 in detail. 136 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT CHAPTER VI POTANTIAL AND ONGOING IMPACTS ­ AFTER THE DECOMMISSIONING AND MEASURES TO BE TAKEN AGAINST SUBJECT IMPACTS 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT CHAPTER VI. POTENTIAL AND ONGOING IMPACTS AFTER THE DECOMMISSIONING AND MEASURES TO BE TAKEN AGAINST SUB ..IECT IMPACTS The economic life of the 380 kV Karabiga - Can - Soma TPS Energy Transmission Line Project is 30 years. After the project completes the economic life, the renewal or completely removal of the line discussed would be needed. Since it would be more advantageous to regenerate an existing line than constructing a new line from both the economical and environmental points of view, it would generally be preferred to regenerate the line if the need for the transmission line still continues. At the renewal work of the line, all towers, grounding systems, conductors, and insulators are controlled along the line and the necessary ones are renewed. The materials, those remain after the renewal of the line, would be transferred to the materials depots and the ones, that cannot be used, would be sold as scrap. The temporary environmental impacts, that would occur during the renewal of the line, would have the same characteristics and the same precautions would be taken. If it is preferred to close down the enterprise, then all towers would be disassembled and land improvement studies would be performed. The materials, those remain after this process, would be transferred to the materials depots and the ones, that cannot be used, would be sold as scrap. Different from the renewal of the line, the construction waste that would be produced by breaking the concrete blocks of the feet of the towers, would be ensured to be taken by the nearest municipality or a licensed recycle and/or disposal plant. However the temporary impacts during these processes have similar characteristics with the construction of the line, after the process is finished no impacts would remain. If closing down the enterprise is under discussion, the studies for land improvement are explained below. V1.1. Land Improvement After the project completes the economic life of 30 years, if it is preferred to close down the enterprise, then all towers would be disassembled along the line. After that the concrete blocks at the feet of the towers would be broken and removed and the land improvement would be performed. The works for the land improvement are explained below . .,. The topsoil would be stripped (10-50 cm) before digging the tower feet. .,. The concrete blocks of the tower feet would be extracted and ensured to be taken by the nearest municipality or a licensed disposal/recycle plant. ,. The space due to extracting the concrete blocks would be filled by aggregates or rock material and covered by base and topsoil, that is used during filling the tower feet. If there will not enough topsoil, it would be reinforced by the bought topsoil. ., Settling of filled area later. would be taken into consideration and the topsoil would be placed, that would pass the ground level about 10 cm . ., An insemination by using a mixture, that is suitable for the natural vegetation. would be performed at the areas, that are near to the waterways and have a high risk of erosion. " The service roads, those would not be needed after closing down the line, would be closed according to necessities and the requests of the people/municipality of the region. The activities of closing the service roads would be performed as explained in Chapter V.1. VI.2. Other Activities There is no other matter to be explained in this chapter. 137 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT CHAPTER VII THE ALTERNATIVES OF THE PROJECT 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT CHAPTER VII. ALTERNATIVES OF THE PRO ..IECT The general principles, those are taken into consideration by Turkey Power Tranmission Co. (TEIAS) in determining the route of the energy transmission line, are explained below: , Being parallel to the existing energy transmission line since it is suitable for the cultural asset and environmental impacts (By this way the environmental impacts are minimized), , Following a line that is parallel to the existing transportation facilities like railways and highways, ~ Keeping away from the sensitive areas and the areas that are dependent on organizations, as far as possible (the habitats of the species, that are under danger, flood areas, landslide areas, special environment protection areas, cultural and historical areas, quicksand, flood-plain, areas, those are exposed to landslide, forests, fruit-gardens, poplar graves, military fields, airports, Government Producing Farms, Poplar Institutes, mine fields, visual springs etc.), ? Keeping away from population centers and reconstructed fields as far as possible, ? Easiness of establishment, maintenance and operation. According to these principles a corridor, which has a width of 5 km, is surveyed and an alternative is determined for the line that would be constructed. The map of the alternatives is presented at the Project Route Alternative Map in Appendix B. The alternatives discussed are assessed from the feasibility and the cost of the construction, environmental impacts and meeting the purpose and the necessities of TEIAS (ensuring continuous energy to the consumers) points of view and Alternative 1 is determined as the most suitable route from the environmental point of view. This route alternative is explained below: Approximate route: The approximate route is the route that is determined by TEIAS and is 158 km long. The line, that starts from Kiyi Gemi Transformer Station (TS), that is located at Degirmencik Village, passes through Kaletepe 1st Degree Natural and. Archaeological Site at Km 53. In general the line passes far from the population centers along the route, but it approaches about 100 m to Hacilar Village and Boynanlar Village at Km 42+000 and Km 81 +250 respectively. Although these villages are the closest villages along the route, both of the villages would not be affected from the construction works. Since an area that is sensitive in ecological-point of view was not determined along the route discussed and being deprived of endemic wealth of the region, the unique negative effect of the approximate route discussed is the passing through the cultural area that is explained above. Alternative 1: Alternative 1 follows nearly the same way with the approximate route. The purpose of this alternative is keeping away from the 1st Degree Natural and Archaeological Site, that is on the route. For this reason the alternative discussed passes 700 m south of the 1st Degree Natural and Archaeological Site at Km 53. By taking the line to the south at this place, the line moves away more from the Ancient Population Center, that is located 500 m northeast of the line at Km 58+000. The route, that is taken to the south between Km 51+825 and Km 60+000, follows the same way with the approximate route at the other regions. In general the route passes far from the population centers. The points, that the population centers are closest to the line, are Hacilar Village and Boynanlar Village, that are located at Km 42+000 and Km 81 +500 respectively, like in the approximate route. These villages are far enough from the line not to be affected from the 138 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT dust and noise due to the construction works. Besides, despite Sifadag Wild Life Protection Area, that is located in Manisa Province Soma District, is inside the 5 km corridor, the line passes far from this field. No Action Alternative. No Action Alternative is prepared supposing that the project would not be achieved. As stated at the previous chapters, Marmara and Ege Regions, where the project is located, are the first and the second regions of Turkey according to density of population. Industry and trade are developed in these regions. Related to this, in both of the regions, migration and urbanization ratio are increasing. Increase in the urbanization ration and development of industry and trade causes an increase in electricity need in the region. The existing energy transmission line in the region cannot meet the increasing need and causes power-cuts. First of all this would affect the daily life negatively and also it would affect the development of the regions negatively in the future. Marmara Region is a region, that the energy production is low but the energy consumption is high. Beside this Ege Region is a region, that has the highest number of thermal power-stations. In addition to this hydroelectric energy production is performed in the region. By the energy line, that would be constructed, energy transfer between two regions would become easier. Not including the no action alternative, the socio-economical effects of the approximate route and Alternative 1 would be similar. The planned pr()ject would ensure to create employment in the construction phase. A part of the personnel discussed would be employed from the region. A negative socio-economical effect, that is caused by the project, is not expected. Digging hollows for the feet of the towers could damage the area a bit. Since the project area is in the 151 degree earthquake region, this fact would be taken into consideration in the construction phase. Since the related precautions would be taken, the project is not expected to cause soil pollution. Because of the construction temporary and regional dust formation is expected. In the analysis performed it is seen that the daily maximum emission amount does not pass the value, that is defined in the Air Quality Protection Regulations, for Alternative 1 and the approximate route. Consequently the dust emission would be unimportant. The noise, that would be caused by construction works, would have a short time and temporary effect. Since the effect area of the construction works is defined as 100 m, only Hacilar and Boynanlar Villages, that are around 100 m of the line, would be affected from the construction works for a short time. The power of the electrical field and the magnetic field, those are caused by the line discussed, would be at low level, that could be compared with the electrical home devices. Consequently it is not expected to cause any medical problems. In the construction phase a temporary and a short term increase is expected in the traffic of the existing roads. Since the roads, that are constructed for 154 kV Energy Transmission Line and parallel to the line, would be used as service roads, creating a new cost to the region in the environmental point of view would be prevented. The 380 kV Karabiga - Can - Soma TPS Energy Transmission Line Project is a project, that is taken into agenda and into investment program because of the problems occurring in the energy transmission in the region. The financial support of the project would be ensured from World Bank. If the no action alternative is selected for the project, that becomes important in preventing the losses caused by the power-cuts in the region and in transmitting the energy, that is produced at ICDAS and Soma Thermal Power­ Stations to the required regions, the problems in transmitting the energy would continue and the energy that is produced at the thermal power-stations could not be transmitted to the required regions. 139 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY . TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT CHAPTER VIII 'MONITORING PROGRAM 380 kV KARABIGA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT CHAPTER VIII. MONITORING PROGRAM VIII.1. The Monitoring Program Suggested For The Construction of The Activity, The Operation of The Activity and The Monitoring Program and The Emergency Action Plan Suggested For After The Operation Establishing and operating an Energy Transmission Line (ETl) passing through Biga. Can and Venice villages of Canakkale Province. Balya. Ivrindi and Savastepe villages of Balikesir Province Soma village of Manisa Province, has 380 kV voltage with single circuit conductor of 3B 954 MCM and approximately 158 km long. is planned in the Energy Transmission Line project. After the approval of the Environmental Impact Assessment Report, which covers also the monitoring program of the project. and ensuring the financial resource from World Bank, the construction of the line will be initiated by Turkey Power Tranmission Co. (TEIAS). The studies, which form the base of this monitoring program (the ecological properties of the project area and its close vicinity, the probable environmental impacts due to the activities of the project and the precautions to be taken, performing a detailed environmental impact assessment) are realized according to the "380 kV Karabiga-Can­ Soma TPS ETl Project Consultancy Services Contract" (Contract). which was signed between TEIAS General Directorate, Energy Tranmission Lines Establishing Project. Expropriation and Environment Department (TEIAS) and ENCON Environmental Consultancy Co. (ENCON). and according to the format, that was sent by Ministry of Environment and Forestry and this program is prepared within the same scope. The works within the coverage of the monitoring plan can be summarized as: Preparation of the Mitigation Plan. Preparation of the Monitoring Plan, Explanation of the Institutional Organizations those are related to the Application of the Monitoring Program, Presentation of the Meetings arranged with the Groups and Non­ Governmental Organizations (NGO). which would be affected from the project. The Description of The Working Area and The Mitigations Suggested For The Project . In the coverage of this monitoring program study. the route determination of the energy transmission line project discussed, the suggested mitigations in the construction and operation phases and the monitoring parameters are defined. The length of the project route is about 158 km and the impact area is a 5 km wide corridor, covering 2.5 km both at the right and left side of the route. Literature and Field Surveys To collect data about the project field. which are necessary to prepare an monitoring plan concordant to World Bank standards and the contract, field studies were planned and performed according to the experts. who are experienced in their professions. and the meetings made with the local community about the project. The monthly development reports of the applications of the field study program and the survey reports were presented to TEIAS. Besides, discussions were made with the local community and the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO). which would possibly be 140 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT affected from the project. In these studies, those subjects were taken into consideration in evaluating the probable impacts and determining the necessary mitigations and the monitoring activities: Topography Meteorological properties Surface and underground water springs Land usage Vegetation and habitats Terrestrial flora and fauna The species that are endemic and under danger and/or protection The areas that are under protection and sensitive (Ex: wild life protection sites) Population centers Economical activities Historical and cultural areas and assets A considerable part of the data discussed above was taken into consideration in the studies, but is not presented in the report, since they could be found in the Environmental Impact Assessment Report (EIA) and not directly related with preparing this chapter. In the following chapters, the precautions taken against the probable impacts due to the activities discussed and the data, which is directly related with the monitoring plan are presented. A field study was realized according to the opinions of the experts, who would execute the studies and the literature survey performed. The meetings with the local community and the competents were made on 01, 02 and 03 December 2004. In the meetings made with the related people, the villagers and the village headmen in the areas, those are around the activities, were interviewed. Within the scope of these studies, these people were informed about the planned activity, information about the existing socio-economical condition obtained and the opinions of these people were taken. At these meetings information about the project was given and the expectations and the anxieties of the local community were learned. The opinions, which were discussed at these meetings, were taken into consideration while preparing this monitoring program and some details about these meetings are presented in Chapter IX. Present State The detailed information about topography, meteorological properties, surface and underground water springs, hydrology and hydrogeology, land usage, population centers and sources of earning money could be found in the EIA Report. Besides, the species, which were determined at the biological field surveys, and the effects on flora and fauna is given in detail at the Chapter IV.2.10, V.1.16 and V.2.7 of the EIA Report. Consequently any data about these subjects is not given in this chapter, but these subjects would be examined when they are needed. The Probable Effects, the Precautions Against the Negative Effects and the Monitoring Requirements The precautions, which would be taken against the effects of the construction of the 380 kV energy transmission line that would be constructed in the boundaries of Canakkale (Biga-Can-Yenice Districts), Balikesir (Balya-Ivrindi-Savastepe Districts) and Manisa (Soma District) within the scope of the project are given in Table V1I1.1. 141 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT The disposal of the wastewaters and the solid wastes. the noise level and the effects on the flora and the fauna should be controlled periodically according to national environment legislation to take precations to minimize the damage given to the environment in the land preparation and the operation phases of the project. During the realization of the project it will be controlled regularly whether the precautions. which were defined at the related parts of the report. have taken or not at both the land preparation and the operation phases. In principle. the priority is given first not to create any negative effects. then to minimize the existing effects and at last to compensate these when needed, The monitoring activities. which would be needed to ensure the efficiency of the precautions discussed, are presented in Table V1I1.2, 142 TEIAS \FI'~ 4,&(;'&1> ~JJ J 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT 00~.~~~~ Table V1I1.1. Mitigations Plan Phase Subject ""-,''­ Mitigations Responsible Institution "" • Close vicinity of the areas. which have cultural properties. would Construction Contractor ~ Cultural a nd Historical Assets not be selected as a work-site. ~ In case of coinciding any cultural asset. the related Cultural and Natural Assets Protection Committee would be informed, ' - VJ ~ c&~td~~{~tr'- TEIAS • Watering would be performed. W~' • It would be obeyed ~ the Industrial Originated Air Pollution Construction Contractor ~ Control Regulation. l.1 '} Dust For mation due to the Movement and Exhaust of the Construction Machinery • Dust masks would be used.&tlen nee~ ~b~ J TEIAS • Speed of the trucks wouid be limited. )IV • No other mitigations would be nee~ed. since the dust emission is under the "mit value. trucks 0 u Ion on ro a: Regulalion Related Local t; z -----~ Directorates of MOEF ~~-----~ -- 8 ~ M~asurement of the nOise level by portable Monthly at the construction areas , Ensuring to obey Ihe Construction Contractor Around the population noise pressure level Noise Control Regulation TEIAS Noise Level centers and construction meter According to the and the Regulation on areas complaints of the Occupational Health and R ltd L I e Visual for the usage of community at the Safety D' t a ~ ~~OEF the protective equipment population centers Irec ora es 0 ~~------~~~- ~------~ Ensuring to obey the Construction Contractor Water Pollution Control At th t r Analyzing at the Regulation and the TEIAS 4 , Water Quality e cons ruc Ion area~ laboratories of local ~~~:~~stream of the septic community health ~ Monthly Regulation on Pit Opening where Sewer Municipalities ~~, mSl!tutlo~b amphng System Construction IS J I. \ not Applicable Related Local I "" w " ~ ~ Directorates of MOEF ~ \iJ ~ I~() Il \ I \l[\)1 ~ 146 TEIAS 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table V1I1.2. Monitoring Plan When would the Where would the How would the parameters be monitored What are the parameters, which would parameters be Why would the The Institute that Phase parameters be - frequency of the be monitored? monitoredltypes of the parameters be controls - frequency of monitored? measurements I monitoring equipment monitored? the control continuous measurement? Ensuring to obey the Construction Contractor , Solid Wastes Control 5 Separation of Solid Wastes to Recycle and Reuse, Disposal to the Solid waste disposal site of the Municipality At the construction and work-site areas Visual Weekly Regulation and the Soil Pollution Control Regulation TEIAS Municipalities Related Local Directorates of MOEF Would be monitored by Provincial Culture and ,----" Protection of the New Cultural Asset, Which was Determined Along the Route and Could be Coincided Along the 50 m construction corridor on the route an archaeologist, that would be employed by the contractor firm, in the construction phase In case of coinciding a cultural asset Obeying the Cultural and Natural Assets Protection Law Museum Directorate (Controlled in case of coinciding a cultural) Ensuring to obey the C\ Health and Safety Subjects At the construction areas Visual Daily Occupational Health and Safety Regulation Construction Contractor PlaCing bird repellents at the required places along the route of the line Co At the reproduction period of the roe-deers }(5'\ On the wires along the (July·end of August) no service roads would be constructed, the workers To prevent the nesting of the birds to the wires TEIAS Protection of the Fauna Species route and at the Wild life would be informed by the Daily development field contractor firm and no Related Local Not to disturb the roe- vehicles and personnel Directorates of MOEF deers at their would leave the reproduction period construction area, the precautions, which are determined not to pass the limit values in noise and dust formation, would be applied regularly, ----------~- 147 TEIAS 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table VIII.2. Monitoring Plan ------- ----- When would the Where would the How would the parameters be monitored What are the parameters, which would Why would the The II stitute that 'hase parameters be parameters be - frequency of the be monitored? parameters be controls - frequency of monitored? monitoredltypes of the measurements / monitored? thl control monitoring equipment continuous measurement? To obey the fire security principles determined at Regulation on Electricity By technical tests and Regular Technical Controls of the Line. Powered Current standard maintenance z the Repair and the Renewal Works Along the line route works performed by Once a six month Facilities. to repair the TEIAS 0 damaged and the worn i= control groups parts. to minimize the ~ accident risk and to w 0.. prevent the cutoffs 0 ------- By the controls of control Control of the Plants. Which Get Close groups and/or Related to the Line and Have a Possibility of Along the line route Once a six month Because of the fire risk TEIAS Local Directories of Creating Danger Forestry Management 148 380 kV KARA81GA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY ITRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT 1111'S (oj ,\{il{llO~;~ Construction Phase: I I The precautions determined' to minimize the effects due to the construction activities include obeyin9 the legislaiion related to the temporary effects like noise, dust, the wastewater and the solid wasteS'bf the worksites and the worker health and work safety subjects. Building septic tanks, the precautions about dust control and ensuring protective equipment to the workers are some of these precautions. The necessary security barriers would be built and the warning boards would be placed at work area during the construction works of the energy transmission line project discussed. All kinds of equipment and materials, which are needed for fire extinguish works, would be present and besides, the education about the precautions, which should be taken against fire danger, and the things, those should be done at a fire, would be given to the personnel. The necessary monitoring activities would be performed every 6 months to ensure the realization of these subjects. In the construction phase, the workers will be controlled whether they obey the \ related judgements, which are defined in the Regulation on Occupational Health and I J- ( Ii Safety that is in the Labour Law, for protection from the noise due to the machinery or not. IV6L I tl'\S Besides, by performing the maintenance of the machinery it would be ensured that their d 1 J no~er.Jh~ limit value thatlSaehned at I'fl'9Noise Control Regulation, and t1 cJ a( the noise sources discussed would be con~months regularly. rl~ 8l It is seen that the emissions due to the activities performed in the construction JeMlC phase would not pass the limit value of the Industrial Originated Air Pollution Control Regulation and would not cause an important deterioration on the air quality. However the precautions, those should be taken, especially about dust generation are displayed. It should be controlled whether these precautions are taken or not at the related work areas in the construction phase. Moreover, TEIAS would inform the authorities, who will carry out the monitorit'lg, about the stage of the construction activities on time. In case of determining an area that is important from the cultural point of view, in any ways, the related institutions would be informed. To prevent the erosion and flood risk, it would be kept away from the flood plains while installing the tower feet and to prevent the transportation of the sediments to the streams, drainage channels would be built near the service roads at the areas, which have erosion risk. Besides, during the contruction works, to prevent the fire risk, the dimensions of the devices, the possibilities of the maneuvering of the machinery and vehicles and the probability of breaking of the lines would be taken into consideration in drawing the boundaries of the working field. The Grounding Regulations in the Electricity Plants would be followed in grounding the line. Operation Phase: Some of the precautions about health and safety are forming the teams, which would perform the maintenance of the line, by the people, who have an education about subjects like fighting against fire, working at a high place and first-aid; and following Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety. Regulation on Health and Safety Signs, Regulation on Personal Protective Equipment, Regulation on Health and Safety Requitements for the Operation of Work Equipment. 149 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT The line that would be constructed according to the principles determined in the Electrical High Voltage Plants Regulation to prevent the fire risk and corona effect, would be controlled regularly and the necessary maintenance, repair and renewal works would be performed. Besides, the plants, which get close to the line and have a possibility of creating danger, would be determined and pruning work would be performHd. It would not be passed the limit value (16 G for the workers, 4 G for the community), which was determined at the standard of Turkish Standards Institude named as "Exposion of People to Electromagnetic Fields - Low Frequencies (0 Hz - 10 kHz)". Emergency Action Plan The emergency action plans, those aim to minimize the damages and dangers by acting according to a program at an unexpected condition during the construction and the operation phases of the project. are the programs, that the necessary studies performed in accidents and the division of labour are defined. The Emergency Action Plan that is given in Table VII 1.3, covers the construction and the operation stages of the project. In this plan, it is noticeable that the necessary studies and many precautions. which should be taken. are the subjects, which should be taken care in the usual daily programs before any negative event happens. Besides. within the scope of the emergency action plan the firm that had undertaken the construction works, and the corporation, that would perform the maintenance and repair of the line during the operation phase, have the most important reponsibility. This plan, that should be made more detailed and updated, should be developed by the contractor firm. Also the corporation, that would be responsible from the maintenance and repair works during the operation phase, should make the plan more detailed and mature according to the changing conditions. At all the studies. which would be performed within the scope of the plan discussed, it would be obeyed to the following laws and regulations. Regulations on Occupational Health and Safety • Labour Law • Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety • Regulation on Health and Safety Issues for Construction Works • Regulation on Personal Protective Equipment • Regulation on Health and Safety Requirements for the Operation of Work Equipment • Regulation on Basics and Methods of Workers Health and Safety Training • Regulation on Health and Safety Signs Regulations on Environment • Environmental Law • Regulation on Excavation, Construqtion and Demolition Wastes • Solid Waste Control Regulation •. Soil Pollution Control Regulation • Water Pollution Control Regulation • Regulation on Pit Opening where Sewer System Construction is not Applicable 150 ;180 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT • Industrial Originated Air Pollution Control Regulation • Waste Oil Control Regulation • Hazardous Waste Control Regulation • Harmful Chemical Substances and Products Control Regulation • Noise Control Regulation • Medical Waste Control Regulation • Regulation on Construction in Catastrophe Region • Regulation on Environmental Impact Assessment • Environmental Auditing Regulation • Packaging and Packaging Waste Control Regulation Regulations on Electricity • Regulation on Electricity Powered Current Facilities • Regulation on Grounding in Electricity Facilities • Regulation on Projects for Electricity Energy Facilities 151 TEIAS 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table VUI.3. Emergency Action Plan Phase Condition Matters, that would be Taken into Consideration • Required education should be given to the personnel before start working. • Subjects like who will work at where and do what daily etc. should be announced to the workers by the contractor firm at a detailed work program. By this way who is where and doing what would be known at an emergency. • A coordinator, that would be determined by the contractor firm before, should be employed at the work-site to make sure that the personnel use all the required protective devices and equipment sUitably. • Before starting to work, personal protective equipment (especially safety belt and helmet) should be used. • It should be taken care for the protective devices and equipment used to be left as well-kept and ready to use all the time. Accidents Due to Working at High Places; o Works would be stopped at the unsuitable climate conditions. • It would be ensured that at least two people would work at the places where the communication is not possible. • The communication devices, like radio etc. should be made to be present to inform the team coordinator at any emergency. z • All teams at the working group should report the daily developments before and o after the work and at the end of the day the working personnel, materials and i= u devices used should be cOL'nted, the devices and eqUipment, those need ::> maintenance or renewal, should be determined and the required works should be a:: I­ performed about this subject. (j) Z • A person, who is well educated about health, should be present at the work-site o u and the first-aid bag should be kept as ready to use. • Education should be given to the personnel, that would operate the construction vehicles, by the contractor firm, it would be paid attention for the personnel, that would be selected for this job, to be competent in physical and psychological aspects, • Dimensions of the vehicles and equipment, those would be used. should be taken into consideration in drawing the boundaries of the working fields. • At the works, those are performed by the excavation and loading vehicles, it should be taken care in stowing the material suitably and safely. Accidents Caused by the Construction Machinery: • A person, outside of the vehicle, should take on the required control work ensuring the communication with the operator of the vehicle while the loadina and unloading works are performed at the working place. • Entrance oUhe foreigners to the construction area should be prevented and the vehicles should not be left as working when they are not in use. • At d p(obable a(;t,.jd~nl etii lhe worktfl~ veitid~~ !-\houid ue interfered by the personnel, who is well educated about area. i!\b .I''ftA~l&U~)___pI'~J\/ +l~·' \J)vi . > rvr;; (1)1 JV V'- I .IAM {l/ & ,III eVI"'"' \ .n(Jr .t?fv' 1 2 J'f 1'!1 ./ l/'" A<>rIP' UV . fj ·trr TEIAS 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table V1I1.3. Emergency Action Plan Phase Condition Matters, that would be Taken Into Consideration • The experts and personnel. those have knowledge about dangerous wastes, would be employed in the project and it would be taken care for the personnel to use protective equipment at aU the works aboulthis kind of wastes. • Dangerous wastes would be collected at an impermeable area, labeled and the warning boards would be hanged. The field discussed would be whether closed or the top would be covered to protect effectively from rain and the sun. All the dangerous wastes would be collected at the containers, those would be placed in this area. Mixing of the different types of the wastes would be prevented. • Waste oil containers would be red in color and "waste oil" label would be placed on Accidents Caused by Dangerous Wastes; them. Mixing of the other materials like water, petrol, fuel-oil, paint. detergent, solvent, antifreeze, engine oil etc. to these containers would be prevented. • Dangerous wastes would be send to a licensed recycle or disposal plant periodically. Same application would be applied to all kinds of materials (oil, paint tins, barrels etc.}, that have polluted or contaminated with this wastes, this wastes would not be fixed with solid wastes. Transportation of the wastes to the disposal plant would be arranged by a licensed transporter. • In case of any pouring or contamination, the poured material would be cleaned by using absorbents like sand, wood-shavings etc. and it would be sent to the licensed disposal plant with other dangerous wastes. • All types of protective materials and equipment, those would be needed for the work, would be given with a protocol to each person and team and the usage of this equipment would be explained. • Works would be performed according to the daily work program and without informing the authorized person no work. which is not in the program. would be started. • Without taking sufficient safety precautions. works should not be started. Risks Due to Ignorance, Carelessness and Inexperience; • Personnel should not leave his work place without permission • Related employees and the team chief/coordinator would be responsible from the usage, cleaning and protection of the protective equipment, which was given and informed how to use. • At the work place it would certainly be obeyed to the warning and danger boards. • In spite of taking all safety precautions. if the result of any work is suspicious due to unusual causes, the nearest competent authority would be informed. 153 TEIAS 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table V1I1.3. Emergency Action Plan -------- Phase -------­ _._-_ .. Condition - Matters, that would be Taken Into Consideration • The protective devices and equipment would be suitable to TSE (Turkish Standarts Institute). TSEK (Quality Compliance Certificate) or international standards. • At the works, which would be done by using equipment. it would be taken care of being suitable and safe to perform that work by those vehicles. materials and Accidents Caused by the Poor Quality. Oldness or being Uncontrolled instruments. of the Used Material and/or Equipment • The counting and controls of all the vehicle and equipment. which were taken at the start of the work. would be performed at the end of a workday. All devices and equipment. those need maintenance or renewal. should be determined and the required works should be performed about this subject. • 11 would be taken care of the periodical maintenance of the vehicles. it would be ensured to perform the maintenance works on time and the vehicles, which are out of order and defective. would not be used . ..... -------­ • Regulation on Grounding in Electricity Facilities would be followed. • All necessary protective equipment would be given to the employees. • Suitable boards like "Attention", "No Entrance" etc. would be placed, Grounding, Health and Safety • Educations about the subjects like fighting against fire, working at a high place and first-aid would be organized for the personnel, • Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety. Regulation on Health and Safety Signs, Regulation on Personal Protective Equipment and Regulation on Health and Safety Requirements for the Operation of Work Equipment would be followed. • At any problems due to natural disasters. firstly the energy of the transmission lines would be cut. • Programs/action plans. those had been prepared in detail for the cases like this. z would be prepared, controlled and updated regularly by the local governments, the 0 i= associations, which are responsible from transmission and distribution of energy, ~ Accidents Due to the Natural Disasters and the related people. w Q. • By determining the person/people, who would control the situation and perform the 0 necessary coordination and orientation at an emergency, a chart of division of labor would be prepared. • All the equipment and devices. those are needed for urgent interference. should be ready to use at any moment. 154 TEIAS 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table VIII.3. Emergency Action Plan Phase Condition Matters, that would be Taken Into Consideration ---------- • The line, that would be constructed according to the fire safety principles determined in the Regulation on Electricity Powered Current Facilities, would be controlled regularly, the necessary maintenance, repair and renewal works would be performed. • To prevent the fire risk, the dimensions of the devices. the possibilities of the ~~~ maneuvering of the machinery and vehicles and the probability of breaking of the lines would be taken into consideration in drawing the boundaries of the working Fire Risk field, • During a fire, the energy would be cut firstly. --. Before culling the electric current, watery fire extinguishers would not be used, W/\vj2J • No action, that could cause a fire. would be performed; fire brigade and the related people would be informed in case of a fire, • Dry chemical dusty fire extinguishers would be used. • Plants, growing closer to the line and have a possibility of creating danger, would be determined and pruning work would be performed once a six month. • Teams, which would perform the maintenance of the line, would be formed by the people, who have an education about subjects like fighting against fire. working at a high place and first-aid. • The working personnel would dress up according to their jobs. Risks Due to the Maintenance Works • There should be at least two people in the maintenance team in case of the communication is not possible. • Maintenance works would be performed by the supervision of an authorized chief and by taking safety precautions. 155 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Institutional Coordinations The responsible sides, which are related to the precautions and the monitoring activities to minimize the environmental impacts, are presented in the tables. those are related to the precautions and the monitoring plans. The environmental pre~cautions, which would be taken in the construction phase, would ~ performed by tne construction contractor coordinated with TEIAS or their consultant/>. The monitoring activities would be performed by the personnel or the consultants of th'-eSides discussed and by the local competents at some stage~ 7 Collecting monitoring data is the responsibility of TEIAS or the consultants of these institutions essentially, and the local competents. if needed. The data discussed, would be sent to the related units of TEIAS and Ministry of Environment and Forestry by periodic (for example 6 monffis} reporrs;-which would be prepared by personnel or consultants. The monitoring data would be collected at General Directorate of TEIAS. The analysis of these data would be performed by the experts, who are related to the project and the necessary environmental subjects, those should be adapted, of TEIAS or the consultants of these institutions. The analysis performed and the results obtained would let to evaluate the effect of the taken precautions on the expected negative effects. According to these results, the environmental mitigations ~Ia. would be changed or revised if needed. w~r J4., ~', !! U Besides, in case of existing an unexpected ~ate, that should be interfered at once, this state would be reported to the ~reunit(9f TE!tI.S immediately and by this way it would be ensured to take the necessary p cau Ions. The decisions (changing the precautions, which would be taken to minimize the environmantal impacts, the revisions of the precautions and the monitoring plans, informing the related competents etc.) related to the results obtained at the stages discussed above would be taken by TEIAS: The Meetings With The Groups and Non Governmental Organizations (NGO), which would be Effected From The Project Establishing and operating an energy transmission line (ETL), that passes through Biga, Can and Venice, Districts of Canakkale Province, Balya, Ivrindi and Savastepe, the Districts of Balikesir, Soma, District of Manisa, has 380 kV with single circuit conductor of 3B 954 MCM and approximately 158 km long, is planned in this study. Consequently. the effects of the project activities would be very limited on the local community and it is seen that the most of the probable effects would be positive. Due to the suggested activities a large scaled expropriation or a rehousing requirement would not exist. For this reason a detailed socio-economical study was not performed for the project activities, which would be performed in a limited area. To take the opinions of the local community, participation of community meetings were performed in three provinces discussed. These meetings and activities were performed on 01, 02 and 03 December 2004. The aim of these activities are informing the groups, which would probably be effected from the project activities, and obtaining information about their opinions and anxieties, if exists, about these activities and their results. A competent from Ministry of Environment and Forestry, competents from Ministry of Environment and Forestry 156 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Provincial Directorates of Canakkale. Balikesir and Manisa. the village headmen of the villages, which are located inside the impact corridor and the interested people. who live in these villages. were invited. These meetings were started by giving concise information about the activities. those would be performed, by the consultants, who prepared this report. After that knowledge about the area, economical activities and living standards were obtained from the participants. Then their questions about their expectations and anxieties about the project were answered. As a result of these meetings, it was determined that the anxieties of the regional community were not directly related to the project activities, which were examined within the scope of this report. Since the activities discussed would not effect the regional community or their fields and commodities directly, this type of reflection is normal. .111 -I. iJ.,HP~ Non Governmental Organizations were also invited to the meetings. South ~ Marmara Natural and Cultural Environment Protection Society from Balikesir Province, Environmental Volunteers Society from Canakkale Province and Manisa Representation ~ of Environmental and Cultural Assets Protection and Presentation Foundation (CEKUL) dML.t() from Manisa Province were informed about the meetings. But they did not participated in the participation of community meetings. VIII.2. In Case of Taking EIA Positive Certificate, The Program About Performing The Subjects At The Second Paragraph of The Title, "The Responsibilities of The Institutions/Organizations, that Took The Sufficiency Certificate" At The Sufficiency Announcement As discussed in the related chapters. the activities related to the minimization of the environmental impacts and the monitoring. would be performed in and after the construction phase essentially. The main studies related to the environmental precautions and the monitoring would start with the start of the preparations for the construction of the project and continue until the construction activities would be completed. The monitoring activities after the construction stage of the project would be completed, should be performed according to this program by the institutions, which were determined in the mitigations plan and the monitoring plan. According to ·the Competency Certification Communique dated 24.02.2004, after the EIA period monitoring studies should be performed in the starting and construction phases of the project. For the 380 kV Karabiga - Can - Soma TPS Energy Transmission Line Project, The Monitoring Reports of The Final EIA Report would be filled by performing monitoring once a six (6) month and presented to Ministry of Environment and Forestry. 157 380 kV KARABJGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT CHAPTER IX PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT CHAPTER IX. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION For the 380 kV Energy Transmission Line Project. that passes through Canakkale, Balikesir and Manisa Provinces. to inform the local residents and to take their opinions/recommendations. Public Participation Meetings were performed at 1-2-3 December 2004 in accordance with the judgements of Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation, that is published in the Official Gazette dated 16 December 2003 and no. 25318. In these meetings the local residents were informed about the project and the works performed, their opinions/recommendations were taken and their questions were answered by the related competents and experts of the company, who prepared the EIA Report. The report of the meeting is presented in Appendix D. The first one of the meetings. those are performed at three different population centers for three different provinces that the project passes through, was performed in Canakkale Province, Can District. Hacilar Village on 01 December 2004. The participation was very high especially on account of the number of village headman. The participation list of the meeting is presented in Appendix D. The questions about expropriation phase of the project formed the meeting agenda. The questions that were asked about ensuring the losses and the authorized corporation and the competent authority that would be applied for, for this subject, were answered by the competents of the firm, who prepared the EIA Report, and the Turkey Power Tranmission Co. (TEIAS). The second meeting was performed in Balikesir Province, Ivrindi District. Soganbuku Village on 02 December 2004. In the meeting. the doubts about electromagnetic field were taken into agenda and detailed answers were given by the competents of TEIAS. Another subject. that was discussed during the meeting. was the reluctance of the people about the passage of the towers through the agricultural fields of the village, because of the difficulties in agricultural activities at the agricultural fiels after the towers are placed. About this subject it is defined by TEIAS that the agricultural works will not be performed in the reaping period and the damaged products are paid by the contractor firm, in addition it is stated that the price of the tower places are paid to the people entitled. The third meeting was performed in Manisa Province. Soma District. Heciz Village on 03 December 2004. In this meeting, unlike the other meetings. the wish for employing the unqualified workers from the region was mentioned. In spite of not being within the scope of the meeting, the problems of the regional community related to TEDAS had importance in the meeting and the reluctance about the passage of the towers through the agricultural fields was declared by the local community. In the meetings, those were performed at each province. it can be said that the anxieties of the regional community are similar in general. In addition when it is evaluated in general, the environmental impacts of the project are more limited than the many other activities especially in the operation phase and this considerably affects the interest of the community in the meetings. In the meetings, those were performed at each province. on the occasion of selecting the villages to perform the meetings and on the account of agricultural production is the most important source of living. most of the questions of the local community are about the agricultural anxieties. In the meetings. in addition to the presentation performed by the firm, that prepared the EIA Report, the brochures prepared by the same firm were distributed. Some of the brochures. which were prepared in two types, include information about the project and some explain the general knowledge about the electric field and magnetic field and their impacts on the human and environmental health in a noncompound way. The brochures discussed are presented in Figure IX.1, Figure IX.2, Figure IX.3 and Figure IX.4 158 TEIAS 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT .,--­ REGULATIONS TO BE COMPLIED WITH WITH IN THE SCOFEOF THE PROjECT .. "",.". ..­ ......... ~ .,. ..- ... ~tions SIIfety on Oceupational HHIttI and -.... • I..aboot:...aw • ReguIaIIon or. Oc:o.;:;atcra/ >Heatll are Sa"et'. TelAs • ~ or. ~ an.: Sa!et) Issues fcr TURKEY POWER TRANMISSION CO. ~WOl1cII'*ln 0Jrt'd ~O! MEETING . - • ~~ ConIroI ~~ • w_ Cil CQMroI ~.,;JaI:()n ~ '1".. ...... .•• ' ..... . ..... • ~w_O::t1trc:> ~wa::or -; .... -- ~' .... ~ --- .., ~-! Cara)(o(ale Ba;~k.es r. • HarmI\o:I 0IemicaI ~ an:.~ Cvrt:-::' ·'~""''r"''~:/F!~r.r~"\..r-:7'!.,(,•...,-~··~·.~_·,~·~ ~.ta"sa ReguaIXln Dece"":>e - 2004 \1t1AS • Noise QlnIroI ~ • MeCaiW_CCrlm:lI~r. ".~. »;;. r.JRJ(£Y POWER TRA.",,<$$IOH CO ·c," .. 3_.r ,:: ~1-~' ,;;.'~ :~;.: r • Regui.1tIon 0<1 CorISlr~dICn 'f" ~;r.e '~"''i'" =:­ a:: w z w . ;;~~~ t ~f'~~ g\! ~i i .>l. 10 00 :¥~~l e ~. ~~~~~ ,,, I. • aii~~l'~l\*~ ~f .~} ~~~., ~i ~ ~~~if, Y. (V) > !'} "~l:"5l1l~ R1i~ I ;1; lll !11 l·l t I'irl)"!-" ·p~:lj~!r; - - 10 1.0 !lfiililil~iiiJ·~ i~ .t, !!fi­n ~i I t!lllt OJ 'e- Q. 11!~z; I Ii II iiI"I,·. Cl ~t~~~ .!:; I I! I Qi - f'"l', OJ (~ ~ Yi {y'O ::2 *hgrJ~ i !5 i~(}~~ I :; I B" " i , Q. J; !I I I l·l~IH i , 'u ~ ~iK :e ;~j~~j~ (II Q. .~ Ujj' ... .~ t']b~ 'I' tIl :l5 ti'th Ilih'l · • !1 ­ :::J Q. N !8tl), 1.1 d J _., .... 1 . !S ! :I Q iL ~I TEIAS 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT """,""'III. a'~:-~ E\"-=-S ,,;.M;II!'~·t:C ~~ 0;:.e$ :1' e~~~.tc ..-~' I "".iW:! £IOiiiIiLX ...... iQii;;O..a:.aas " .... ~ .·s::".:! ~-~ -;:.-.: .......h~S "'3':,': ••...htaS. il~~ a; E'~=~ ~-e ~~ ... : :"I"" f "':-5;' e.!'C"O-~-e~,: e""f'-;:. -"es,e a-e \!~,1t..a:.x: 0.,. ~ TEIAS c",e~:: :e-",:!tlC~_ ~-..l: j""'';:' ,).... f','"e~: :"..':Ie$ ..:;fe'~~:ce~~ ".J.ec""'e'"e-:~O~~!t1~ TURKEY POWER TRANSMISSION CO. .... ~"\lI1t t '0" -t: ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC '~~yS • • FIELDS DUE TO '0" !'1.: ""<::1:>08_ ..'" a !re­ ENERGY TRANSMISSION o' a ::o.,;lIa ~31o'lt :-:e 0' "". e'"'ect ct t ..,;) :.:r :tie ~ Vtc:r.:-3 ... ~ 1: :~ • JaC) kV KAAA8iGA - CAN - SOIoIIA ENI':RGY TRAltSMISSION LINE PROJECT t ..... ;: ~$r."".$ ~ EA8=s :::~.~ .:',J,.. ;:'t' .. -.,J .. : tf~'5c~f ~~ ... ~~:';'!~.rCJ:-C,"rE'· .. ~ S':.• \ eoo·~ MMz D,' ~, . ~ ~ff<" ~ ~ C~ ... ;('I"'-.",:..t ~:.~C .... .... ~!UFe~.tn:!r:t.r:f;'f.actot'S -:U.• :".d( EMF, """'-"! ~ ~ 1I'e.~.!C QWQf' soer.tl.~ ,'9.SH"':?" :Jttp;!"t;ore""!'!C ~~ ~'""'-t ~ .•, 50-90_ :.o-~ :1"~~ 3...'C().3OOOC) >iZ ~; . -. ' Ca'lakie' 'C $..,"""""", soenllfc .... 5.\""., ..I:" »-z ~cy i Dece1'l:>ef 2004 ~.,:r,e '9'!'f ct~. f"~-"~<''' "!"5e'¥:,!:' ~~ jc:art"""', 'I'ItI", ;j~enret";).,c,..... ~­ -.:. ,...: ..:J ~s a:'.C<..! S.v..c:s ~~d;"7 ~""e"::S :"""a!' ~ ~ tc taIIre ~, :y. ~~ ::;u.--;"'e= '!"'"er;:. :-;v..s.-lss.ct: S't$tIIr'n$ ' ' t1'lee:1:fc,onJ:3lt()n! "" ·UC,," cp 1ilo.JI,."..,. ,cr ca...se'''-J _ fTecuenc:y :!·lCCC -tz ~ -.­ (~0"M.$JT"4.S;.(;r ,'''''$ ~""J;-:;! '!r: :r ~ ~ :;: taC\.<::tlOt't 01" l~o...:-r.t!S*"",,~ '" encor rn --, ):rec o....-ent !PIe~'~' e"VIRo"ME!'e ;::.-ot:~ce:: b,' nan..... rnagneIic: IIeIt:! pro<:U<:ed by e<'\e<'gy tTtInsITlls$lon lines. !hi _ _ or by ~ ...~ actJ.'~es "9'3:01<:::;: e.ec!TlO!) one rec::edIIs 1-0", ~e scurce. Since :he electric !ielle !cree 2:JOie<: by mew',!> Chatgeer cr.arged Pilr:i<;les. Crwar ane SCfee-.&c by "'ICSt nature. The rr.agnttuCle of me fields 1()()..15Om away from !h< &IbIItInces. lis ~"rt,,'EC S ~c:ea !:ly Gauss (3) I:::; = ine is CIecnIoased !O !he normal cnagntlllCes of areas that etc 101»nG) I1Ut have a IN! going :nrough. Bes.oes. ~Id.ng waUs scree< ancI weabn "e eIeetN: ~e>iec! cf _ _ _ _ _r::t'es 'or It'.e last 3C yea:-s .:I.1nou<;h JP:O dale has t.eer: r,o de.art)l ;:;n::; .. e-: e~E!'\.-tS Oil hea;tt. If'Ieq this <10M flU( mean:l'.31 EMFs have 40 e"'ec: at al 5._ 1I.GOO ..... 1.000 l,..IIInl' . . . . ~~QI ~0I1f1"-.r.r. ~ :W1-f\?: Ibr U ~()lJr, "',.~" ,r";:I:':lt...tL-:_rl;;.!:rl .r: :!10-:.. ~"-'~"~~"'f'::-;~ HdJ"~ \':CI~ 'Uf .tJtt1f . . . . . . . .""'"*':;.,,.'.,;'*"Jf',,~.s:.: . . . C':>'S:'~~ "or2"~ E ~.lF::. ;..,r:" !,jIU: '::-. / IT,U',j', 1.: ~r:::.n:I~:::,;{",r: i$f",'"' (jr~:r3t~ :IV; ,;! " ')''':.' !,,~:"'~t..-';::i' •• Figure IX.4. Public Participation Meeting Electric and Magnetic Fields Due to Energy Transmission - Overleaf 162 · 1 I , ~o kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT I 1 CHAPTER X CONCLUSION 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT CHAPTER X. CONCLUSION Establishing and operating an energy transmission line (ETL), that passes through Biga, Can and Venice, villages of Canakkale province, Balya, ivrindi and Savastepe, the villages of Balikesir, Soma, village of Manisa, has 380 kV voltage with single circuit conductor of 3B 954 MCM and approximately 158 km long, is planned in the project. By the line that is planned to be constructed by Turkey Power Tranmission Co. (TEIAS) by World Bank credit, would have an economic life of 30 years. The 380 kV Karabiga - Can - Soma Thermal Power-Station (TPS) ETL Project is planned to start from Kiyi Gemi Transformer Station (TS), that is located at the Degirmencik village, and end at Soma Thermal Power-Station, Soma. It is planned to develop/strengthen the existing Kiyi Gemi TS that the line would be connected to after the construction phase of the project is finished. The project, that would ensure to meet the existing energy need of the provinces Canakkale, Balikesir and Manisa and would form an infrastructure for the future investments, has importance especially for the region. The general principles, those are taken into consideration by TEIAS in determining the route corridor, are explained below: • Being parallel to the existing energy transmission line since it is suitable for the cultural asset and environmental impacts (By this way the environmental impacts are minimized), • Following a corridor that is parallel to the existing transportation facilities like railways and highways, • Keeping away from the sensitive areas and the areas that are dependent on organizations as far as possible (the habitats of the species, that are under danger, flood areas, landslide areas, special environment protection areas, cultural and historical areas, quicksand, flood-plain, areas, those are exposed to landslide, forests, fruit-gardens, poplar graves, military fields, airports, Government Producing Farms, Poplar Institutes, mine fields. visual springs etc.). • Keeping away from population centers and reconstructed fields as far as possible. • Easiness of establishment, maintenance and operation According to these principles a corridor, which has a width of 5 km, was surveyed and an alternative was determined for the line that would be constructed. The alternatives discussed are assessed from the feasibility and the cost of the construction, environmental impacts and meeting the purpose and the necessities of TEIAS (ensuring continuous energy to the consumers) points of view and Alternative 1 is determined as the most suitable route from the environmental and financial points of view. All the works for the establishment of the project would be performed along a route, that has a width of 50 m, at the project discussed. 526 towers are planned to be fixed for the energy line that would be established. The works would be performed in the areas those are expropriated for the towers. In addition easement would be taken for the fields that the electrical wires would pass. The probable effects of every sort of activities on environment, positive or negative, could exist according to the environmental properties and the properties of the project. The effects of an energy transmission line can be observed at the construction and operation phases. . The environmental effects those would be caused by the construction phase of the project have similar property with building works. The environmental effects of energy transmission lines are caused by the activities like liquids caused by the construction 163 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT works, solid wastes, emission, cutting trees, those coincide to the feet of the towers, stripping the soil and digging hollows for the feet of the towers, in general. " The construction of the energy transmission lines covers the survey and project studies, the processes of land preparation, assembly and wiring phases respectively. During all the construction works the construction machinery could only use the construction corridor, the existing roads and the service roads that would be constructed. The construction works would be limited by the areas, that the towers would be installed, the worksite/depot areas and the service roads and signs would be used to define the natural and archaeological sites and/or the construction corridor. The required information. and education would be given to the workers not to give harm to these areas. Permanent paint would not be used on rocks or plants for signing purposes. The towers would be installed away from the water ways, cultural and historical areas as far as possible. The total amount of excavation would be 56,808 m3 for installing 526 towers in the project. During digging hollows for the feet of the towers the topsoil would be grazed and store, after that the excavation works would start. The materials that were extracted during the excavation processes would be used for filling processes and leveling the land. So any excavation waste would not exist during the project. The topsoil that would be stored seperately from the excavation material would be spred uniformly to the area that it had been stripped. By this way it is aimed not to affect the agricultural activities negatively around the feet of the towers especially at the areas that are in the agricultural fields. In this matter the principles of Regulation on Excavation Construction and Demolition Wastes, which was put into force after being published in the Official Gazette dated 18 March 2004 and no 25406, would be followed. The solid wastes that would exist during the construction of the project would be limited by domestic solid wastes of the personnel, package wastes and construction wastes. The domestic solid wastes would be collected to the suitable containers and it would be ensured to be taken by the related municipality at specific intervals. The construction wastes would be collected in the yellow colored temporary accumulation containers and the type of the wastes would be written on them. These wastes would not be mixed with domestic or hazardous wastes. The wastes that would not be used by the contractor firm would be ensured to be taken by the municipality or sent to a licensed recycle or disposal plant by a licensed transportation company. The usable package wastes would be separated and the rest would be sold to the recycle plant. No biologically not degredable waste would be left in the construction area. The cut plant stems, branches etc. would be spred to the soil at the areas that would not be entered to create habitat (at the areas, that fire risk would not exist). According to the request of the field owners and regional community these plant stems could be thrown away with the other solid wastes. In these matters the principles of the Packaging and Packaging Waste Control Regulation, which was put into force after being published in the Official Gazette dated 30 July 2004 and no 25538, the principles of Regulation on Excavation, Construction and Demolition Wastes, which was put into force after being published in the Official Gazette dated 18 March 2004 and no. 25406, the principles of Solid Waste Control Regulation, which was put into force after being published in the Official Gazette dated 14 March 1991 and no. 20814, and the adjustments, which was put into force after being published in the Official Gazette dated 03 March 1991 and no. 20934, dated 22 February 1992 and no. 21150, dated 02 November 1994 and no. 22099, dated 15 September 1998 and no. 23464 and dated 18 August 1999 and no. 23790, and the principles of Soil Pollution Control Regulatiol}, which was put into force after being published in the Official Gazette dated 10 December 2001 and no. 24609, would be followed. 164 380 kV KARABIGA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT The wastewater, that would exist during the construction of the energy transmission line, would be domestic in general. 30 workers are envisaged for the energy transmission line project. Accepting that daily 150 L of water would be used by each person, daily 4.5 m3 of water would be used by 30 people. Water would be ensured from the nearest municipality and taken to the area by tanker. Supposing tha: all of the daily 3 water consumption would transformed into wastewater, 4.5 m /day of domestic wastewater would exist during one and a half years, that the transmission line would be constructed. In the case of hiring residence for the personnel, the wastewater would be'. discharged directly to the drainage. If establishing a worksite would be necessary, the wastewater would be collected to watertight, closed, ventilated septic tanks, which are placed at a suitable place in the worksite area. The septic tanks would be suitable to the Water Pollution Control Regulation (Official Gazette dated 31 December 2004 and No.25687) and to the Regulation on Pit Opening Where Sewer System Construction is not Applicable (Official Gazette dated 19 March 1971 and no. 13783). The water, that is accumulated at the septic tanks, would be collected by the nearest municipality periodically. Since 2,500 m3 of water that would be used for the construction works would stay in the material, it would not create wastewater. Since the most important purpose of the grounding process is to protect people and fauna species from electric shock, grounding is a legal obligation. In the grounding process of the energy transmission lines that are within the scope of the project the principles of the Regulation on Grounding in Electricity Facilities dated 21 August 2001 and no. 24500 would be followed. The wastes due to the material like oil, paint etc that would be used for construction activities, and the materials like·tin, barrel etc that are contaminated by oil are in the category of hazardous waste. But within the scope of the project thiS type of waste would exist at very limited amount. Within the scope of the project experts and personnel, that have knowledge about hazardous wastes, would be employed and using protection equipment by the personnel would be ensured at all the works related to this type of wastes. In addition for not to create risk in the human and environment points of view, the hazardous wastes would be collected at an impermeable area, labelled as they are visible and warning boards would be hanged. The hazardous wastes would be sent to the licensed recycle or disposal plant periodically. The same application would be applied to all kinds of materials (oil, paint tins, barrels etc.) that have polluted or contaminated with this wastes, this wastes would not be fixed with solid wastes. Transportation of the wastes to the disposal plant would be arranged by a licensed transporter. In this matter, Hazardous Waste Control Regulation dated 27 August 1995, Waste Oil Control Regulation dated 21 January 2004 and The Soil Pollution Control RegUlation, which was put into force after being published in the Official Gazette dated 10 December 2001 and no. 24609, would be followed. In the construction phase of the line, the existing roads would be used as far as possible. At the places, where the transportation is very difficult, walking of the personnel by carrying the materials would be possible. At the places, where openning the service roads are inevitable, it would be kept away from the determined areas, those have cultural, visual worth, cutting trees and the areas, those have surface water around. In spite of cleaning the vegetation completely, pruning method would be used. By this method removal of the roots is prevented and the turning of the field to its former situation is much more faster. The required precautions would be taken to decrease the erosion potential and to prevent the transport of the sediments. If erosion risk exists at the places, where the service roads would be constructed, surface flow deflection canals would be 165 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT used. Addition to these, works would be applied to turn the field to its former situation at the roads, those would not be used any more. The detonation, crushing and grinding processes would not be applied in the construction phase of the project. Consequently the dust that would be formed during the project would be caused by the digging and filling works, the exhaust and the movement of the used machinery. Since in the project the dust emission would be below the limit value, there would be no need to take precautions about this subject. However during the construction works the dust formation would be decreased by watering during the processes like digging, filling, grazing, leveling the soil. The topsoil and excavation clamps, those would be formed during digging each hollow, would be pressed and these clamps would be also watered with the whole area (The topsoil would be pressed lightly for not to destroy the structure of the soil). The loading-unloading processes would be performed without winnowing and a speed limit would be applied to the trucks. In addition it would be ensured that the used machinery would be new and well-kept as far as possible and the personnel, that would work at the processes, that would create compact dust, would use dust masks. Besides during the construction and operation period of the project, the principles, that are determined in the Industrial Originated Air Pollution Control Regulation, that is published at the Official Gazette dated 07 October 2004 and No. 25606, would be followed. The noise, that would occur due to the works from the preparatio'n of the field until the end of the construction activities, would be caused by the machinery essentially. When the distance of the nearest village that would be 100 m from the line is taken into consideration, the construction of the energy transmission line is not expeCted to have an important effect. In addition the noise levels that are measured 50 m away from the area (63.02 dBA) is below the 70 dBA limit, that is determined at The Noise Control Regulation for continuous worksite noise. But some precautions would be taken to minimize the discomfort of the environment especially at the areas those are near to the population centers. By controlling the machinery used regularly, it would be ensured not to exceed the maximum noise levels that are the origin of the calculations and stated in the Noise Control Regulation. The construction machinery (generator etc.) that makes high noise would be placed away from the population centers as far as possible and their noise levels would be decreased by a portable screen. It would be taken care of working the least number of machines at the same time as far as possible. The people living in the population centers around would be informed about the working period of the construction work and the activities would be stopped between 22:00 and 06:00. In addition for controlling the noise due to the activities performed in the construction phase, The Noise Control Regulation, which was put into force after being published in the Official Gazette dated 11 December 1986 and no. 19308, would be followed. The principles, that are determined at the Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety, that is in the coverage of Labour Law, and at The Regulation on Personal Protective Equipment. would be followed for the workers to be protected from the noise. 60.43 km of the route of the project passes through a forest area. 30.73 km of this area is determined as destroyed forest area and the rest 29.70 km is determined as forest area. Within the scope of the construction works it would be necessary to cut the trees at the forest areas, that the tower feet would be installed. Along the route approximately 4624 trees would be cut. Ministry of Environmental and Forestry determined that they have no objection for the passage of the project through the forest areas, at the opinion letters those came from the Canakkale, Balikesir and Manisa Regional Directorates of Forestry. 166 380 kV KARABIGA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Along the route there exist all land use capability classes from I. class to VII. class. During the construction the total amount of land those are needed to expropriate (usage permission for a purpose other than agriculture) for installing the tower feet at the agricultural areas would be 5.58 ha. By the route, that was selected as Alternative 1 as a result of thE! surveys, those were performed according to the cultural inventories, it was moved away from Kaletepe 1sl Degree Natural and Archaeological Site, that is a cultural asset, that the approximate route passes through and located at Km 53+000 in Yenice District Calk6y Village. Besides, all cultural assets are located outside the impact area of the project. In addition Ancient Population Center (Km-59+000), that is a 1S\ Degree Archaeological Site and located at Davutk6y Place, that is inside the boundaries of Yenice District. Beside this, UyucekTepe Tumulus that was declared as an archaeological site is located beside the Yagcili Creek between Km 139+000 and Km 140+000 and inside the boundaries of Manisa Province Soma District. The distance of the tumulus to the approximate line is between 100-200 m. In addition to these, in the case of coinciding any cultural asset during the construction works, Regional Directorate of Conservation of Cultural And Natural Assets of Ministry of Culture and Tourism would be informed. In the case of damaging any cultural asset during the construction works, it would be paid by the contractor firm. None of the 141 taxons, those are at species and subspecies rank and were determined as a result of field studies and literature survey. are endemic for our country. The reasons of this could be the usage of most part of the line as agricultural area, the dense forests and the compression over the areas other than the agricultural areas due to pasturing. The damage of the flora fauna wealth because of the construction works would be caused by the fell of the trees, those are under the tower feet in the forests, pruning for the construction ofthe service roads and the cutting, wearing and breaking that would exist during the construction works. Beside these the plants, those create danger by closing to the line, would be pruned at the controls those would be performed every six months. The most important species that exist in the Manisa-Soma Sifadag Wild Life Protection Arae, which is in the project survey corridor, but out of the impact area, is roe­ deer. In the construction phase, in spite of being outside of the impact area, to minimize the effects over Capreolus capreolus (roe-deer) and the other mammal species, those exist in the Protection Arae (Manisa Province), no service roads would be constructed, the workers would be informed by the contractor firm, machines and personnel would not go out of the construction area and the precautions would be regularly applied for not to exceed the limit value of the noise and dust production at the reproduction season (July­ end of August). Besides, in the operation phase bird repellents would be installed on the wires to prevent the birds from perching on the electric towers. The accidents, those could occur during the construction phase of the project, would be the risks like wounding and fire due to the usage of heavy machinery or working at a high place like at the other construction works. In these matters, Code on Occupational Health and Safety, which was put into force after being published in the Official Gazette dated 11 January 1974 and no. 14765, Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety, which was put into force after being published in the Official Gazette dated 09 December 2003 and no. 25311, Regulation on Health and Safety Issues for Construction WOEks, which was put into force after being published in the Official Gazette dated 23 December 2003 and no. 25325, The Regulation on Personal Protective Equipment, which was put into force after being published in the Official Gazette dated 11 February 2004 and no. 25370. Regulation on Basics and Methods of Workers Health and 167 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Safety Training, which was put into force after being published in the Official Gazette dated 07 April 2004 and no. 25426, Regulation on Health and Safety Signs, which was put into force after being published in the Official Gazette dated 23 December 2003 and no. 25325, Regulation on Health and Safety Requirements for the Operation of Work Equipment. which was put into force after being published in the Official Gazette dated 11 February 2004 and no. 25370, those are in the coverage of Work Law, which was put into force after being published in the Official Gazette dated 10 June 2003 and no. 25134, would be followed. In the operation phase of the project discussed, maintenance works would be performed at every 6 months. Beside this, the human activity would not exist along the line so the environmental impact of the line would be very low in the operation phase. Since the agricultural activity under the line could be continued and the growing up of the trees would be allowed upto a specified length, the effect over the land usage would decrease at this stage. Two passenger cars would be used at most for the maintenance of the line, the emission amount due to the exhausts of these cars would be negligible. The usable material, which would be left after the maintenance and repairment works, would be sent to the material depots to transport them to the transformer station, that needs them. The material that could not be used anymore (torn wires. broken insulators etc.) would be sold as scrap or sent to a licensed recycle or disposal plant of construction wastes. The main risk in the operation phase of the project would be the risks that would caused by working with electricity and at a high place during the maintenance works that would be performed in every 6 months. Beside this, there would be a fire risk due to the electrical leakage. As stated above the transmission line would be constructed according to the fire safety principles of Electrical High Voltage Plants Regelation. which is published in the Official Gazette dated 30 November 2000 and no. 24246. would be controlled regularly and .the required maintenance, repairment and renewal works would be performed. The energy transmission line discussed would create an electromagnetic field around after it starts to operate. The high intensity electromagnetic field could have negative effects on human health. But. since the electromagnetic field of the electricity transmission lines having a frequency of 50-60 Hz have a low intensity, it is not expected to have a negative effect on human health or for other living organisms. Consequently the most important effects of the project in the operation phase would be the difference in the usage of the areas, where the tower feet are located, and their visual effect. The effect of the energy transmission lines to plants those are related to communication (PTT lines. radio, TV transmitters etc.) is due to the corona effect. Corona means decomposing of the air to the charged particles due to the electrical field around the conductors. But, today the design criteria are quite developed to prevent the corona effect and this effect is only detected at the lines having 500 kV and above alternative current and under negative weather conditions. Since the transmission line discussed is 380 kV, it is not expected to have an important corona effect. The corona test would be applied to the devices to prevent the corona effect and the design criteria, those are defined at the Electrical High Voltage Plants Regelation that is published in the Official Gazette dated 30 November 2000 and no. 24246, would be followed. A benefit/cost analysis was made between the suggested project and the no action alternative by taking the environmental factors into consideration and it is seen that the suggested project is more advantageous in many ways. Besides, by realizing the project there would not be any important change in the existing use of the environment. In the 168 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT circumstances if the environmental impacts are minimized by taking the environmental precautions determined in this report while realizing the project, the 380 kV Karabiga ­ Can - Soma TPS ETL Project is expected to ensure important assistance in meeting the regional and national electricity need and indirectly be a part of the sustainable development at local, regional and national scale. According to the Competency Certification Communique dated 24.02.2004, after the EIA period observation studies should be performed in the starting and construction phases of the project. For the 380 kV Karabiga - Can - Soma TPS Energy Transmission Line Project, The Observation Reports of The Final EIA Report would be filled by performing observations once a six (6) month and presented to Ministry of Environment and Forestry. 169 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT APPENDICES , , I I 380 kVKARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT APPENDIX A OFFICIAL LETTERS OBTAINED FROM GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIO"NS Appendix A.1. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Forestry Canakkale Regional Directorate of Forestry Appendix A.2. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Forestry Balikesir Regional Directorate of Forestry Appendix A.3. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Forestry Izmir Regional Directorate of Forestry Appendix A.4. Republic of Turkey, Manisa Province, Soma Municipality, Municipal Police Appendix A.S. Republic of Turkey, Manisa Province, Soma Municipality, Directorate of Public Works Appendix A.6. Republic of Turkey, Biga Municipality. Directorate of Infrastructural Works Appendix A.7. Republic of Turkey. ivrindi Municipality Appendix A.B. Republic of Turkey, Canakkale Province, Venice Municipality 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT APPENDIX A. OFFICIAL LETTERS OBTAINED FROM GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS To receive their evaluation about the 380 kV Karabiga-Can-Soma TES Energy Transmission Line Project, TEIAS requested EIA Inspection and Evaluation forms of the route by sending official letters to Canakakle, Balikesir Regional Forest Directorates, Izmir Regional Forest Directorate, Akhisar Forest Management Directorate. According to the EIA Inspection and Evaluation forms prepared for all three cities, there appears to be no drawbacks from the Regional Forest Directorates and Regional Forest Management Directorates' point of view. Besides, evaluations have been requested from the municipalities that are on the transmission line's route on residential wastewater collection from the septic tanks by vacuum trucks and residential solid waste disposal to disposal grounds. In the evaluations received from Soma, Venice and Ivirindi Municipalities, it has been stated that the wastewater will be collected and that the solid waste will be transported (subject to fee) to the disposal grounds. Biga municipality, not giving out information about solid waste disposal (due to the fact that disposal is being carried out by a private company) stated that waste water will be collected by a vacuum truck. 170 CAN SOMA ENERGY 380 kV KA~~~~~E PROJECT EtA REPORT TRANSMtSS I of Environment and Forestry ' . A 1 Republic of Turkey Ministry Appen d IX . , t Canakkale Regional Directorate of Fores ry 1\\ · '.:Mlalck:\\e !1<,:l.SI 1~11'l\<,:a\\ Yl!wc~ KOYU Depru)C:fItd; YO: mobLcliIkOyla \iEVKlJ :\1uhlellt ORMAN HOWE MljDVRWi,1! · {;M1IlKt..d t' OR.MAN IStETME NllDUIlIJT(;(l · a,r,') ,(::"/l ,Yellic~ ORM!\,1>j ISLETME SEPl J GJ nl~lJ Amabixd ,Can. A-;'4, S('gll':ak. l'az.J!'kOy, Ycruce <\fr m.Dl\(;U P\\,T,,\l/l.Il. :'\""OIl"WII II l't al,mlS:i!.H1g~.Hl&d1jHgd3,U\gd'b1.l1RbUI 804 1·Mii(;lCaa/ SllhiiJiul1l , ll)t\d. SuyadJ TEl fa, ~ bVl.Ciresl 1-Tcsi~ aili . 'iRO kV Kt\R AIt tGA.-SOMA E.tK Guz.ety,.!h plllDl ;'~"'l Ani Hif,>1. Karai.uga. <;:a.u, Asar, Sogucak. Pa;r.arkoY.Xil:!Llh J'i ZO gO ~1-!:7-1~l\6-1Y/.161.16)- \;I1tI-IHi tP-Il>! 1u,;·JI)lI2lU·}t;) .'M..Wl·no ~n.1J.\·.w.J"6-j~/4Q7~OR4'846D 5:c!b.!!i~~244-"W)-2~),;)~.y'~gf.:·2J 10 'n·n ),1 If>.4J 4246-91·92 ·rJO·1lJ-l72 ~.n· .!< ~6 Y·)·21IW. 141.1~~ 111_1"""lrkoj'.llH.nO 131 B2·13l-Jbl-169·1IH·211-21ll.)J9-2~J ~)I! ))6 :1-t\l£~~cn!Il1J1 ~ a)4Jetm\! ~"kh .AK'dtI3l'l1l11tn:i ~na .Km-u Mm -Rom baimlk """ baltal.tk ~:dI"'ar t.)M.:v',lIt A~..... C\Il'\l<:X\.r:.wIr;3ll-Kan,~fom'M.:;~ vu <:)MqC;C7'~ Tipi . C:!lI-BmBt·MBt H,::~z~d-BDyt 6 TALEP SARASI SrmR NOKTlJAR1NINKOORDTNA11.A1U, _ L~Q.lIT~ ~ 1'!g10"~ J}!.QJq'b 1.l'1QKTh ) NQKT~ 6N..QIfH l.NOKJ~ !;,lI,G.o, ( Y) H;Tlta:smda ~'l'!'tenltni~lir, 11JKARl ( X) : S;\(;A (Y ) • YUKARI( X)· 7-Orman Tahd.i( ve Y.Mas!ro Durumu ~Tlliep ~ (n,od .~ };JSIWUI Yapslw~, 1431. 250 M2 (81015 M 7. 30 M gem~bk) 11)01'111<1" S"Y'I;m AIIII.I 1 151 no M2 nil 31)M x JOM gelll~hk) b)CJrmau Savdmay-dll.AJan • 1 2g1 000 N2 (42 '100M x30M l:'!lII4lik) 9-TaJehm Amael . 31:0 kV Kl1nIbil','l Soma EIII un U1mat Elek1nk , _. St~lemUl" b" .... ont:e fnGtlUltlW:ldl!' 10-111lep ~lU .I3.a$b Dir MlitllCG1f1 y~)I1Jp - YlIpw.3dl(; YaprllW$1.r Can II~cSI Semedl:li Knru Gold alll sa~tnda'!l geclM1:tedIf.A.}Tltllllir,:t ll~t:':i fleglf1l'lr.lU:lX'le l(:DA$'1I \'Wibw~ izWl sn j<;a\c haltmIll il:.'.P.l'lodtll 'It; vine Higa D~t'$1 Beynba IW)'UIIIID \.U7.r.ydogusundakl I\:DA$ verilm1~ Jill iml 1o'1lz.et''':ilil1l1l1 u:zt:nlld,en r,""> m.~k1edir ,,' ? u ..... ,,~/.'/ /' ".­ ';',f­ '; \ i/-,! 4::-~- (,/ ...::-~.- 171 380 kV KARABIGA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Appendix A.1. Republic of Turkey Ministry,of Environment and Forestry Canakkale Regional Directorate of Forestry (Continued) i i , '''>'T' ';.111<1."'1 Y.'nn 6~ I J Say,!, (lllnan Kanullll'nlUl II) 1I<.1 .\Uu.Ioe~;jR!j.,!;, Y"'W,m (;,'fr,u:" ['n:.o.iLJ .·\h1l1 '.-''':lI,lqtlrmc~-e A"'Tlkll<~ \'l:ya Ai'<\(.:..ndmlan Sah:ll.. Ilr l>a'llj H,,,;..::al:UHh,b l'."hp..E .. hrwl., D ' ('".. mtnlJ.;nulIj,. kalli" V'!f'l«At.J('1andllIDa i.ablll'l!'lDdil kallllal:tldir I.'. Talt}> S""!'C'mI1l1 OhHtn M~~«p,)1 . Mllh hrk !I\' Y~hlill HJlvat.- ,\v lin'llW' Sah~;l Muhaiil?ii Otm."U11 .... J IItHlll M.tlll (he) Ce1lft' K<~um.l 1;,'l~"1 - A~ i'1I'iil< Ho),",' Y,' ~Il !\hl!ll i~ ..:n:aItdc Kill1£" Kalrn..dl~l .KalrlJ.arnaWdJ, .,. . , 11.0rtnannltk <;"I,,1'oallMyISol Dc T...~!~m En Yabll K(')'IL~'O: (lid!.; \k3"fe~1 ( 0, rom' )\"1:1" Va, b. 'f '''·i:,iu. IPll~ Su;,lIUIl. Balk SlIIjhf,mll., T;)!'Ul\ J.\lanlanna lb""'""rllt~~ vh ) Oh.l,,\e-or-k h",~, Yeri<~lIn va-loeTulU' !JZ1'nt,di'Tl ''''~flu:t..I\:kh::Uu - D-T..!.:p Sau..mmn Yored.~!.i i:;hhd<:oo Durmnuua Etkt,j y.'",. h..Jiull>t '".\lllial l:::twl.I.I4a Istil.d"lll y;gaia.:akl,.r . • 16·Orm;m );arl~'.Q\i'f1 AC!'i1nd~ _H:-:'~~a~'PJv'! t){";~'(:I~"~l ;'~2.&sf.!l1':l 1m lh'iut1!ll <)fR!;J1I ·.~lfi!.rll!l'lllU1 \\K.I;H!.ulen ("!,,,Ic buluu~n UUlln t\ll'''' ,. i:.a.!~1 onlcrn .Ul.llll:lra Vt' I"dhu'h "ll.lllUt.a~I, ;all:;U>~!or %'rue""t-, b" lo:Uc!n.'h::rti-.::tl y;m"c aa1Da" ti~yd.ltl:lIlmil. l~m ~hmma';t p"'·"im!ektl'.111 ·.'f- ;\h:rL:1'~) ': ;,-n'kl1 Tt'db\ti~r r,..".tru'kt.::er l....clJnl",..1m, Nfl1cr: VI:. KA."Jt.,A.1 lliO ltV K.lIt~nif~' SOUI:l r, I Ii. . Cii=p; .h Pl,,,"; '''''\'~\''~~I''~~I dunmlll1u.1f(iOOKL(Y(i(' UAllhldLll{ SAYl :U.1X.I.UCJ\107.SJ·030-U!L 1'b~ 171:.20C~~ KONlJ :380 Kv Karabiga-~:Jn-Soma TI',S rill ll:IA~ 1 (JRK;Yl:-. ELLKTRIK IU' Il~l A~Ol\'iM :;;IKKFTl GLNEL :vllIDii I-UCIGU P:11U1 iLFTlM .IATLARI t'KOJE TrSl!) KI'MULA.~11R.\1\ 'Ii! (EVRE [)f\IKI OA5I\A"ii t(a lliuno Rulvllfi N(,n liAhyehevltr 01190 A NK~>\RA Tc~cHtlhllln/ce tcsisi vc l\lklmo,;:~i pl,m!,mun ~I!o I-;V K,trahigil'(, fl!)-Si'l!',~ 111,'r;! tlt-Illn ~bnJ (Ltll,'!!d rillmurm:;I;lllflll illnil11' In;,·kmc vt: Dt;:~t'ricnJirnll' F,lnn!! LIIl/nr. tdil\?rck llrtlliJnl,k i\l:!nl;u t!kli h:lrital\;-' l:;itFI'.'1' ;"lLlLI! I,1 "heli b,,,: in \lP,\fA\.I~UIMl ~H{ kil > \'!adcnul Cin" \I,' Ha,:,;1 K.lIllillil Tabi llld!r~LI 'lNIl :;- Seri Adl 4 Ilulme Num"rftlilfl J 1);' 1i(,'lu hoi!;;·,':(T t{..tlti.\tl-.. 110'''' \"'nl. f,·,,, I. ~oktll '{Ub/l('!) 1I. ii/Ulan Tahliit "~ f(,HIJ,!t\> {hulllnu :n {)rl1\311 ~.l:-,d.\n, .;un f,') <)'HH~iU .')a~·tJIH.""',d. :d.ut 174 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Appendix A.2. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Forestry Balikesir Regional Directorate of Forestry (Continued) il~lcr "lm:lhJIr . 15- ~""l1a" Vllnl:"d~" a'·"UI(!an Hn»asiy(,l ! >,.re.,"iI H .\Immasl (/erd.h T cdhlllc< E' H' II In ~uz~rgah' 1<:11111 IUIUIIl\~hOIr. 175 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Appendix A.3. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Forestry izmir Regional Directorate of Forestry I': • .; I. Hi [] U'::.l .-.()Mr'. Kon' .ItATtlNKOY ¥f' MtI:tITELIF KOYl..EJt. ORl\iAI'; BOtOt: MlJDOIU..OOO f1.MD( URMAN lSl.f!Th..A,E MfIOOR.I..OO()' AJOn,\A.f; ~V.N ~iE SEFlJ(l.( . Semi ~ VNr.-." J'ill ()U)UOU PAFTALAR o..tr:t-: n"",..,Jl9"'·J :~.:.: I-Ml..lRAC~.T :,AHIBfNtN • A AdJ s.a,.dt lElAS B-A.drMo 'Jl.IOn' ~':"'lII:IIMo.e.1H.~'" s... -(i(I/(tIIp< : ~ 1)13.27:::.2"' l.~7{l.24~,.u,9..2lo";:15.l14.2 n.2I~. HI GobIpo(Z70,.Z.5~...lY;";: !2..2 l·UIO. I! 1.1 So6,US, . S·M II lIill A ~_ A .................. IC.aR_~l:loolWllrbaMhtw.w 8:~~~ ,~ ..... \'b C ?~ TJ9hIn ,Cal2,~l C:z("),Ct.d.:;'u.~ . u::::;,-;:,II...C.:.:,lK.;'Z.. r,r ;>1 ACB 3AliASI!SiNlR NOICTAI.A.R..\Nl.'>.; It;( r-JfC n"" . , " .. '.,R' "';~.licrl't :':N'Jf...'TA 3.I:ofOI:'TA .. N0hL-, . K'c:> .:,Nl»:TA "'NO!(T,\ •..MlA.lv}~~ '(lJt.:A.R~r.) .. N{l(.;-rA 10 N~. u..a Bir MHtoe-.n;, 'rapLll.p y~,':.;~, T..-un ~ --.I ~ ~ is-.. ~ .~,.5c III ;sufUl.l_l; 11· T.." ...... ,...nn6l31 . . , . 0aDm~, n: ~.o..~ ~ ~ (~ ""-' ........ -<~ ~,...,.. . , ' nnlat.~! , .. ' Hr,",,,) 1Iif.~ WI;p k.a.-.i~. r;:z:r,. '_'ZD£Ia~,......., , . 1'd.p~"'" ~- Mini;-r - ",. , •• ~lr.Alu~> t-. ,a,..·..: .:-,', ~....t.al i'-~ '/~ 1_ _ IIoiIaI - C. ~...,.,. oo~· ~"III! ,,!lilt ....., .. _ ItAIIfg:'" ,-=~ ~...0III:irIdIr. ! J ' Olln_ 9'i','M"" _ _ tlIIIk mWM.....~ ...~...u"~"i' li~ ~~. YoiI.""" :' .. T~ ._..,.tJ.'C! ~ ~ .......... on&II1 iWr~" C:'~"'''. ~ _ I ... _1&1n @Il i'lli.Jo '..00\....... " ,~ _ _ \ ( . . . ~ ,....,. _ ......m ~ .'HJ\~ hnik ~ t.t.nII, ~ :""', ·-,iti"'-'4\~ ...;.. • ,Joidiailooai! aci.W ,.~ .... ......nuw..«t. il7D'l!lL..... ~""...w. 176 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Appendix A.3. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Forestry Manisa Regional Directorate of Forestry (Continued) ,............ 16 - aa- bir 1:dDIIID _ _ GDiIm.... J"'ll'JQ" ~ . . . . . . . ~ Wt ~ fIIIIId ...... : T.a.p . . n n " _ , . . . . . fI9 •....-daI. iPu Nr=eM1! _ _. . J"". 9''''''' ___ Ina-. M" 1 . . i1- ,....--Itr' p .. a.-. ........ __ IIIII.IIidi 'lit i d,~: '_. bu ............... _ _ . ..........., ........ IIidir. ~~ tIICD ... ..........,....,......... ... i . d fl ,........,;.. NB'TkZ VE ~T : 380 1tW ~ -SGa 1UH JGI.IqI.b"" . . . .' ; duPle I' de' a .... , ...... ,...,. ............ \lit .................l1NHIIIIIIIiIiIa. . ,. -+ ....-m.~- ....ap« --h ............... aiwwwlta jbJ12l'l:004 w ......... , ...... ~ ,a.dt ............. 177 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LIN!; PROJECT EIA REPORT Appendix A.4. Republic of Turkey, Manisa Province, Soma Municipality, Municipal Police . ' .­ '\ • ('} \-'i~.!. : ;/, .1. \LJb~j!nl;l (,landi!! !~';Hil.! . ',:' il~'C:1ii/ L: pLlnnr:l,\ ;1~ ,",1 { , ", ~d,tn i,'lTISlf;;,,' ;,.:." ... 'dcrj'l!>'~: ;. [':':':,'1 ',,"r 178 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Appendix A.S. Republic of Turkey, Manisa Province, Soma Municipality, Directorate of Public Works 1,1 , MP.NlSl\ Il.1 SOMA ~ELEnIYE BASYANL1Cl Per !slerl Mudurlugu SAY! SOMA KONU o E. ; ! . :. n I) i, EW:ON CEVFE DANISMANLJf: j':'D.STl. Mdltatrna Gandhi Cad.No:75/3 0':'700 Gazlosmanpa~a-ANKARA ! L G I [ " . i I . ;.: I) I) '" 1 ," r ; h "l: 'J :. • J llG l }'·O::l·IJ~:<.:L1. b,"1.l: • di lf~'!' .,),)lj K-\' t,'"1:-,J.L!F;CI. Can ~,Jmi1 TL~ Erit,;.:r;i jl.-:t~r:'1 :!;\·tl Fr·.':~"'l r'D..p':';(\ihl:--;,_~.~l Kurll!;"'~··~}. S,).fl':ly(·;t:·;-(1f> r-'Jrl }.'r..(-··k r:.-v<;",p! ;~t:Y-:.i.l·ll...:fl lj,~-:r:"!l mUy,{-!h::l~;Je vi,J\.:~·i) rl~ (~kllrr!~:~::.~ ilJUI:1­ Y U l'l (j 1.1 T • ( U'I 'f,H';E~E ,~i BAk;;f~) 179 380 kV KARABIGA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Appendix' A.S. Republic of Turkey, Infrastructural Works Biga Municipality, Directorate of 1.( HtCA HELEDlY}: B,\S.K,VliU(;1 'S70 In)~ Yol 51! Kanali.ta"v(lo hkn ),;IID'rol AmiThti aiGA BELEDiYESI SAYl: I~J n.I2.20U4 KONU : K., aUK vc link ~u bertanfl. [NeON CEVRE llANISMANLlK LTn. STi. Mahatma Gandhi Cad. N/): 7':o!3 0(,700 Gaz.iOSD.13Dpil~aJA.l\lKARA [LGI : 03.1 1.2004 tllrih vc £04.151 say,ll ~IUJnl1.. Iig. yallmldil bellrtml~ tlldlil~urll'., ,~v~el k11ll a\lklann topi'1l0anK .,01' sMa,lOu gotUnilmes\ l;Cl Bded:yemlz laraimdan 0,::' ;!TI<.C!:: vaptmhnaklil ulup btl konuda herha.'1~\ hi( bdf" v<.:rjj~rneyCt:c:81. FOscplliderde hHlI::C,"'" (:'\'<,<:1 aHksllyun vlddIl.l0rh: c.:kllme;l I~\ l~l' Llcrell taI3fmlZUW) ,'oc::amck ijzcn; lkkd(,cP\;/ \ \danJor 3ra.:ll1e kar~llanab:Jc:cektlT. fhlgdcnnl,:e rica cdenm. 180 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Appendix A.7. Republic of Turkey, ivrindi Municipality ':/ TC. IVRINDI BELEDIYE BA$KANLlGl '.. ... ~ . ~ 1 _:~,'-(.'J t.a~':.r: 11.. ':d~~, :.':?'. :l,:t;':,;j' :If;~~''lllrl llt:'T~,_, 1..1" ;.:-):":,.l!,~.::~.71 ;,~ :~ 1 ~- I ~ :. ~ ;' : • j I -, t J rC-r,C' ",~ t'·",·.~ .. l ''tt i ~·-., _ ••.••• , .• l!lpialllllilSI \c' ~'iip sahasma giiti1riihlll:si ilt: I();-;sl:ptikkrd~' hirikl:t.:l:k I:vsd kall ullklarlll \ :,f:;~ ,;::~:~!!~~~~~'.~ ~~!~~!~1::t!~:!'!!"!i!~ B·_·k~·J~y'~"!~~;/ ~\!~~'~:!!~:!~~!r~ ~lJ h~.~.!~"!~~H·_·:!~.: ~~~!H! ~'H.."hr!j_~!·n;,-, uldll~~ll hnkl mlikanilim,l..: kar~tlalla(;akllr, 182 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT APPENDIX B TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPS SHOWING PROJECT ROUTE Figure 8.1. 380 kV Karabiga - Can - Soma Energy Transmission Line Project Route and 5 km Study Corridor (1/25,000) Figure B.2. 380 kV Karabiga - Can - Soma Energy Transmission Line Current Land Use and Land Use Capability Class Map (1/25,000) Figure B.3. 380 kV Karabiga - Can - Soma Energy Transmission Line Forestry Map Figure BA. 380 kV Karabiga - Can - Soma Energy Transmission Line Project Route and Project Alternative Figure B.5. Basic Flow Chart MAP SECTION SEE ORIGINAL MAPSTOO LARGE TO SCAN TEIAS 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Project Start Point ..... r Ktyt Gem! Transformer Station (TS) Icdas Installed Power Capacity= 160+160 MVA KIYI Gem! TS = 33/380 kV 380 kV Karab!ga - Can - Soma Energy Tranmission Line (-158 km) Soma Thermal Power-Station (TPS) Soma TS = 380/154 kV Soma TPS Coal Consumption Capacity= 8000 (Ionnes/year) Installed Power Capacity= 1.034 MW ...... Project Ending Point ..... Figure B.S. Basic Flow Chart 205 J "'I 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT APPENDIX C DATA ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ... I . .. IJ;~ 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT LEGEND OF FLORA TABLE P.G.R. HABITAT CLASSES Phyto-Geographic Region 1: Agricultural Areas and Their Vicinities 2: Steppe ENDEMISM 3: Rocky R: Regional Endemic 4: Forest W: Widespread Endemic 5: Pasture T.S. (THREAT STATUS) RELATIVE ABUNDANCE According to IUCN categories fEkim vd.. 2000) 1: Very Rare EX: Extinct 2: Rare EW: Extinct in the wild 3: Moderately Abundant CR: Critically endangered 4: Abundant EN: Endangered 5: Very Abundant VU: Vulnerable LR: lower risk BERN (BERN CONVENTION) cd: concervation dependent Anx1 (Annex1): Strictly Protected Flora Species nt: near threatened Ie: least concern DO: Data deficient NE: Not evaluated CITES App1 (Appendix 1): Species threatened with extinction. Trade in specimens of these species is permitted only in exceptional circumstances. App2 (Appendix 2): Species not necessarily threatened with extinction, but their trade must be controlled to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival. App3 (Appendix 3): Species protected in at least one country, and their trading is under control by CITES. 206 IEl8.S 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table C.1. Flora Characteristic of Project Area and Vicinities COMMON NAME COMMON NAME HABITAT RELATIVE FAMILY NO TAXSON (TURKISH) (ENGLISH) P.G.R ENDEMISM T.S. ~ERt CITES ALTITUDE ABUNDANCE R W 2 3 PINACEAE 1 Pl'nus brutia Ten Kill! ~am Red pme Akdentz An. 1IApp1 App2 IApp3 - - - - (m) 0·1200 1 2 3 " • $ 1 x " S 2 Pmuspmea L F,Shk ~am' Stone pine - - - - 350 • x 3 Pmus mantalrna - - - - 100 x x CUPRESSACEAE 4 Cupressus sempervlrens L Servi Cypress - - - 300·1200 • • 5 Jumperus exefsa Bieb, Ard'~ JunIper Genil Yay'Ir~Ir - - - - 300-2400 x x x 6 Jumperus oxycedrus L subsp.o.yeedrus AId", Jun,per - - - 0-1300 • x ANACARDIACEAE 8 PistaCt8 lentiscus l Cillenmik Mastic 1ree Akdeniz - - - - 0·200 x x x 9 Pis/Boa /erebin/hus L. subsp palaestina (Boiss.) Engler itlenmik - - - 50-1500 • x x ACERACEAE 10 Ace, eampe.!re L. subsp. eilmpelre Ak~aaila~ Field maple - - 0·1600 x x Crner yaprakh 11 Aeer platanolde. L ak~aag3~ Norwey meple Avrupa,Slb'rye - - 50·1900 x • ASCLEPIADACEAE 12 Cionura ereela (Ll Gnseb Geni, Yay,h$Ir .. - - .. - 0-1100 x x 13 Cynanchvm aculum L. subsp aculum Geni, Yay'"~Ir - - - 0·1500 x x • 14 Penploea graeea L var. graeca Vine Akdeniz - - - - 0·1200 x x x 15 Vlncetoxicum caneseens (Willd.) Deene subsp caneseens Panzehir otu Geni, Ya'y,h,Ir - - - - 300·1500 x x x BETULACEAE 16 Alnus Qlutinosa (l.) Gaerlner va, Qtutmosa K'zllaga~ Alder Avrupa-Sibirya - - - - 0-1600 • x • BORAGINACEAE 17 Asperugo procumbens L Avrups-Sibiry. :c - :c - 800-2200 x x x 18 CYl10Q/ossum montanum L Avrupa-Sibirya - - - - 300-2200 x x 19 Echlum ilal,cum L S'Qlfd,1r Akdeniz .. - - - 0·1950 x x x 20 Echium Dlanlaameum L Geni, Yay,h,h - - - - 0-2400 x x 21 HeNol/oplum dolosum De Not Geni$ Yay,lI$h - - - 0·1640 x x x 22 Helio/rOf)ium hlfSullSSlmum Grevler Akdenlz - - - - 0-2200 x x • 23 Lal'pula barbala (Bieb.) Gurke Iran-Turan - - - - 830-3100 x x • 24 Mvoso/is slncla LInk ex Roomer& Schultes Unutma benl Avrupa.Slbirya - c - - 100·1200 x x 25 Myoso/JS sylva/Jea Ehrh. Ex Hoff. subsp mulan, Vestergen Oksln - - - - 1200·3000 x x CAPRIFOLIACEAE 26 Lonicera etrosca Santi VaL etrusca Akdenrz C' - :c - 250·1500 x x x CISTACEAE 27 Cis/us creticus L Laden Pink rock rose Akdenlz - - - - 0·1000 • • x 28 CJSlus laun/olius L Geni$ YaYII'~h - - - - 50-1200 x • • COMPOSITAE 29 Bellis perenms L Kovun QOZU Daisy Avrupa-Slbirva - - - - 0-2000 x x • 30 Belhs sylves/fI' Cry Koyun gozu Akdenrz - - - - 800 x x x 31 Caroopa/lum corymbosum (L ) Pers Akdeniz - - - - 0·1700 x x 32 Carlflamus lanatus L Genis Yay,Ir$Ir - - - - 0-2300 • x x • 33 Cenfaurea Solstitrafls L subsp, solslt/ia!ls Peygaber ~i~eOi Yellow slarthislle - - 0-1900 x x x x 34 Centaurea vlrgata Lam Peygaber ~i~egi S!arthlstle Geni Yay,hSir - -­ - - tOO-2000 x • x 35 C!fs,um eretlcum (lam) d·Urv. subsp crelJeum Gen" Yay,h,1r - - - - 0·1300 x x x x 36 EehlrtOps microcephalus Sm Akdeniz - - - - 0·1000 x x 37 Inula QravJole", (lo) Desf. And,zolu Sweet inula Akdeniz - - - - 0-800 x x • 38 Xanlhium strumartum L subsp cav8mllesli (Schow) OJove & p, Oans Kazrk olu Cocklebur s Genis Yay,lr h - - 0-950 • x x CONVOLVULACEAE 39 Convolvulus belOntclfolius Miller SUbSD. betamclfollus Kah~aha ~i~e~i Bindweed Genis Yay,lrih - - - - 30·1700 x x • 40 Convolvulus cantabrica l Kah~aha ciceOi BJndweed Geni Yay,h$h - - - - 0-1700 x • x 41 Convolvulus (lalalicu, Rostan ex Choisv. Kahkaha c!"agi Bindweed Geni§ Yay,hih - - - - 800-2000 x • 42 Convolvulus holoseflceus B,eb SSP h%sericeus Kahkaha c;i~eOi Bindweed Geni$ Yay'hsh - - - - 250·1700 • • x CUSCUTACEAE 43 Cuscula palaes/ina Boiss. subsp. palaes/lna Cin sa~1 Strangle·weed Geni~ YaY'''$'' - - - - 0-2700 x • x CYPERACEAE 44 BolbOschoenus mari/lfnus iLl Pallas \tar maritlmus (3eni~ Yay'"~'_ ~ --­ ,_ - - 0-2000 x , - • 207 .. LEIAS 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table C.l. Flora Characteristic of Project Area and Vicinities COMMON NAME COMMON NAME HABtTAT RELATIVE FAMJLY NO TAXSON (TURKISH) (ENGLISH) P.G.R ENDEMISM T.S. BER~ CITES ALTITUDE ABUNDANCE R W An.l Appl App2 IApp3 (m) 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 45 Carex olrubae Podp. Geni~ Yaylh~h - - - - 0-2100 • • • ERICACEAE 46 47 Eleochafls palustris Arbutus andrachne L L. Roemer & SchUes Sandal aOacl Spike rush Slawberry Iree Genis YaYlh h Geni$ YaYlh h - - - - 0-2400 0-800 • x • x 48 Arbutus unedo L Kocayemi~li aOacl Slawberry tree Geni~ Yay'h~h - - - - O-JOO x x 49 Erica mampufdfora Sollsb Puren Besom heallh Akdeniz 0-1550 x x x I 50 Pyrola chloranf/,a Swartz Geni$ YaYlh h - - - - 1200-2100 x x 51 Rhodendron lufeum Sweet Sa" orman Qulu Avrupa-Sibirya - - - - 400-2000 x x FAGACEAE 52 Caslama satIVa Miller Kestane Chestnut tree Avrupa-Sibirya - - 30-1500 x x 53 Quercus cocctfera L Kermes mesesi Kermes oak Akdeniz - - - - 0-1500 x • x 54 Quercus pubescens W, lid TOylO me$e Downy oak Geni$ YaYlh h - - - - 0-1700 • x 55 Quercus robur L. subsp robur Saph mese Pedunculate oak Avrupa-Sibirya - - - - 100-1000 x x x Makedonya 56 Quercus lroJana P. B. Webb me~esi Mecedonian oak Akdeniz - - - - 300-1800 x x x GENTIANACEAE 57 Cenlaurium erythraea Rafin subsp. erythraea K"llkaltaron Centaurv Avruoa-Sibirva - - - - 0-900 x x x x GERANIACEAE 58 Erodlum ciconium lLJ L.'Herit Filaree GeniS YaYlhSh - - - - 0-1500 x x 59 Erodlum hoefftianum C.A. Meyer Filaree Genis YaYlhsh - - - - 0-1400 x x x 60 Geranium d/sseclum L Sardunya ;iceOi Geranium Geni$ YaYlh h - - - - 0-400 x x 61 Geramum lUG/dum L Sardunya ~i~egi Geranium GeniS YaYlhSh - - - - 0-1700 x x 62 Geranium molle l. subsp molle Sardunya Cicegi Geranium Genis YaYlhsh - - - - 0-500 x x 63 Geranium tuberosum L subsp. tuberosum Sardunya ~i~egi Geranium GeniS YaYI"~h - - - - 0-2500 x x x GLOBULARIACEAE 64 Globularia Inchosanlha Fiseh.& Mey Genis YaYI"sh - - - - 200-2500 x x x IRIDACEAE 65 Crocus bIIlorus Miller subso. bIIlorus Guz ciOdemi Saffron Akdeniz - - - - 200-3000 x x x 66 Crocus cancellatus Herbert subsp mawaricus (Helbert)Mathew Guz cigdemi Saffron Akdenlz - - - - 50-2400 x x x 67 Crocus pallasl Goldb subsp. pallasll Guz ~igdemi Saffron Geni~ Yaylh~" - - - - 70-2000 x x x 68 Ins attica 801ss. & Heldr. S0sen Iris Akdeniz - - - - 400-1000 x x x 69 Ins german,ca l. Susen Ins - - - - 50-600 x x 70 Crocus pulcIJellus Helbert. Nevruz Ins Akdeniz - - - - 800-1500 x x JUNCACEAE 71 Juncus bufonius L Toad rush - - - - 0-2350 x x 72 Luzula forslen (Sm ) Dc Avrupa-S,birya - - - - 0-2250 x x x LABIATAE 73 A uQa Of/entailS l. Genis YaYI"sll - - - - 0-3000 x x x 74 Lavandula sloechas l. subsp stoechas lavanla lavender Akdeniz - - - - 0-700 x x x x 75 Slachvs crellca l. subsp. smvrenaea Rech. Fil. - - - - 0-1400 x x x 76 Teucnum charnaedrys L subsp. cIJamaedrys Dalakotu Wall germander Avrupa-Sibirya - - - - 0-1600 x x LEGUMINOSAE 77 Anth illS hermann/ae L. Sllverbush Akdeniz - - - - 0-400 x x x 78 C/lamaecy/'sus hlrsutus (L ) Link. - - - - 100-1600 x x 79 Gemsta tmctoria L Boyaelotu Woodwaxen Genis YaY11is11 - - - - 0-2200 x x 80 Span/urn /lner'um l Kat,r tlmagl Akdenlz - - - - U-bUU x x 81 Tnfollum campestre Schreb U~gul Clover Genis Yayll,sll - - - - 0-2200 x x x 82 Tnfollum mgrescens VIV subsp. pelf/sa VII (Clem) Holmbe U~9ijl Clover Genis YaYI"sll - - - - 0-1750 x x x 83 Trifolium polyphyllum C A Meyer ()~gijl Clover Oksln - - - - 2300-2800 x x x x 84 Tnfo/,um speclosum Wilid UCQul Clover Genis YaYlhs" - - - - 50-1100 x x x LlLIACEAE 85 Asparagus offiCina/Is l. KuSkonmaz Asparagus Genis YaYI"sh - - - - 0-1800 x x x 86 Ruscus aculeatus L var. anousllfollus BOlss Taysan kirazl Butcher'S broom Genis YaYlllsll - 30-1000 x x LlNACEAE 87 Lmum blenne Miller Yabani keten Akdemz - - - - 0-200 x x x LORANTHACEAE 88 Viscum album l. Okse olu MlsllelOe GeniS Yayl"~" - - - - 50-2000 x x x 208 TEIAS 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPQRT Table C.l. Flora Characlerislic of Projecl Area and Vicinities -----­ COMMON NAME COMMON NAME HABITAT RELATIIIE FAMILY NO TAXSON (TURKISH) (ENGLISH) PG.R ENDEMISM T.S. BER/ CITES ALTITUDE ABUNDANCE R 5 1 2 3 MAlVACEAE 89 AbU/lion /l1eOf)hrastJi Medlk Velvelleaf Geni$ YaYlh$h W An. I Appl App2 App3 - - - - 1m) 50·1500 1 x 2 3 4 • " 5 90 Aleea pal/Ida wald.1.a. KII Hatmi HOllyhOCk - - - - 300·1500 x x x ,91 Malva sylves/ris l EbeQumecl Mallow - - - - 0·500 x x x OlEACEAE 92 FraxifJuS anQustifoJia VahL subsp. aO(Jusltfolia Di$budak Ash Avrupa·Sibirya - - 650·1750 x • x 93 Jasmmium {rutlcans L Yasemin Jasmine Akdeniz - - - - 0·1500 x x 94 Olea europaea L var. europaea leylin Olive tree Akdeni! - - - - 0·700 x x • 95 PllVl/Ma la/ilolia L. Akdeni. - - - - 10-1350 • x PEDAUACEAE 96 Sesamum indicum l Susam sesame Geni$ Yay.h$h - - - - 50-2000 • • PlATANACEAE 97 Platanus ortenta/is l. Cinar Plane tree Gen; YaYlh h - - - - 0·1100 • x x POLYGONACEAE 98 Polygonum arenarium Waldsl. & Kit Geni$ Yaylll$h - - - - 0-1500 x x x 99 Polygonum be/lardii All Gen;$ Yav.h$1i - - - - 500-1800 x x x RHAMNACEAE 100 Pallrus spma-ctmsfil Miller Karacali Christ·s·\horn Geni$ Yayll. Ii - - - - O-t400 x x x ROSACEAE 101 Amvada/us communis L. Badem Almond Gan; Yav,h It - - - - 150·1800 x x x 102 Cfateagus monogyna Jacq. subsp. mOllogyna Ah~ Gani$ YaYlh$1t - - - - 0-1800 x x x 103 Pronu, spinosa L. subspdasyphylla (Sch.) Domin Erik Sloe Oreasler-Ieaved AvruPB·SibirYB - - - - 0-1700 x x 104 Pyrus efaeagmfolia Pallas subsp elaegntfol1il Ahlel pear - - - 0-1250 x x x x 105 Rubus sanchlus Schreber BO{)urtlen Geni Yay,1i Ii - - - - 0-1000 x x x 106 Sarcopoleflum SPIfIOSUffl (L ) Spach Abdes bo.an Akdeniz - - - - 10-1100 x x x i SALIXACEAE 107 PopuluS alba l Akkavak While poplar - - - - 0-2000 x x x i 108 Sali, alba L Aks60ut Redw,lIow Avrupa-S,blrya - - - - 50-2500 x x x I SOLANACEAE 109 Casplcum Bnuum L B,ber Papflka - - - - 0·1000 x xl 110 Datura stramOnIum L Sevtan eimasl Jimsonweed Galli YaYlh Ii - - - - a-lOa~ x x x 111 LyeoperSlcon esevlen/hum Miller Domeles - - - - 0-2500 x x 112 Mandraaora aulumnalis Bertol Akdeniz - - - - 50·1500 x • x 113 Solanum dulcamara L Avrupa·S,birya - - - - 0·2300 x x x 114 Solanum melangera L. Paillean Aubergine - - - - ~ 1500 x x 115 Solanum luberosum l. Paletes Potato - - - - 0-1500 x x UMBELLIFERAE 116 Erynglum campeslre l vaL Vlfens link Seker dikeni Sea holly Geni$ YaYlh$h - - - - 0-1800 x x x x x 117 E:rynglum cretlcum lam Akdeniz - - - - 0·750 x x x 118 Bdora radti.ms Bieb. Kokar 01 Genr$ YaY'''$h - - - - 700-1500 x x x x 119 Foenlculum vulQare Miller Rezene Fennel GeniS Yay.lIsh - - - - 0·1200 x x x x 120 Tordyllum aeqaeum Runem Akdemz - - - - 0-300 x x 121 Ton/Is le%o/wlla L Reichb 122 Anlnscus nemorosa (Sieb.) Sprengel 123 Samcula eUfOoaea L Devekulag, Sanicle Genis Yay,,,,h Avrupa-Sibirya - - - - - - - - - - - - 0-2500 500-3200 0·2200 x x x x x · 124 Scand,x pecten-venens L - - - - 0·1000 x x x x x 125 Eehmoohora IOflulfoha L subsp slbthorplana (GuSS) Tulln Iran-Tufan -~ - - - 0-1100 x x x POACEAE 126 Avena enanlha Durieu Yula! 081 Genis YaYIIi$h - - - - 0-1250 x x x 127 AeqiloPS markqrafll (Greuter) Hammer Goal grass Akdeniz - - - - 0·1200 x x x x 128 AlJgllOpS blUnclalis VIS Genis YaY'''$'' - - - 0-2500 x x 129 Bf.:'1cllypod1um sy/vatlcum (Hudson) P Beavu False brome Avrupa~Slblrya - - - - 0·3000 x x x 130 Brol1lus scwarlOSUS l Brame Genis Yay'hSIl - - - 200·2000 x x x x x 131 Calamagros/,s pseudopllfagmJles (Hallaer!ill Ko. Genis YaYlh$11 - - - 400-2800 x x x 132 Dactylls glomerala L. subSp h,spanlca (Roth I Nyman Parmak olu Orchard qrass Geni$ Yaylll$h - - - 0·2250 x x x x x • 133 FeSluca heleroghylla Lam Cayrr olu Fescue Genl$ Yaylh$1I - - - 400·2300 x x 134 FeS/uca tf<1/eslaca Schrebef ex Gaudin ~ ~ Pseudo.. . if"!!__ ~ni~ Yav.h$h - - - - 0-2250 x • 209 \ TI'~S 380 kV KARA81GA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRAtI(SMtS~SI0~tI(~INE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table C.l. Flora Charactenstlc of PrOject Area and Vlcinilies TAXSON I COMMON NAME COMMON NAME RELATIVE ABUNDANCE FAMILY (TURKISH) (ENGLISH) 112131415 Plrin Rice x Bulbous BuQda Wheat x x 210 '" TEIAS 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT ErA REPORT LEGEND OF FAUNA TABLES IUCN 1994 (ver. 2.3) 2001 (ver. 3.11 T.S. tA.D.)=THREAT STATUS (ALI DEMIR SOY) EX: Extinct EX: Extinct E : Endangered EW: Extinct in the wild EW: Extinct in the wild Ex : Extinct CR: Critically endangered CR: Critically endangered I : In determinate EN: Endangered EN: Endangered K : Insufficient known VU: Vulnerable VU: Vulnerable nt : Widespread,abundant LR: Lower risk o : Out of danger cd: concervation dependent NT: Near threatened R : Rare nt: near threatened LC: Least concern V : Vulnerable Ic: least concern DO: Data deficient DO: Data deficient STATUS IN.TURAN) NE: Not evaluated NE: Not evaluated Y : Native species YG : Summer visitor species KG : Winter visitor species BERN (BERN CONVENTION) G : Transit migratory birds EK2 : SPFS ( Strictly Protected Fauna Species) N : Rare bird species EK3: PFS ( Protected Fauna Species) CITES App1 (Appendix 1): Species threatened with extinction. Trade ir. specimens of these species is permitted only in exceptional circumstances. App2 (Appendix 2): Species not necessarily threatened with extinction, but their trade must be controlled to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival. App3 (Appendiz 3): Species protected in at least one country, and their trading is under control by CITES. H.S. = HUNTING STATUS (According to Central Hunting Commission.2004·200S) App1 (Appendix 1) : Wildlife species protected by Ministry of Environment and Forestry App2 (Appendix 2) : Game animals protected by Central Hunting Commission App3 (Appendix 3) : Game animals allowed to be hunted in predefined seasons by Central Hunting Commission SOURCE: (0 : Observation); (L : Literature); (0 : Questionnaire); (H : Habitat suitablity and traces) POP. DEN. = POPULATION DENSITY: (A= 1-9 heads; B= 10-99 heads; C=100-999 heads) 211 " TElAS 380 kV KARABIGA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table C.2. Mammals Identified in the Study Area -------­ COMMON NAME COMMON NAME IUCN BERN T.S. H.S. CITES SOURCE POP. MAMMALS (TURKISH) (ENGLISH) Anx2 Anx3 (A. D) App1 App2 App3 App1 App2 App3 O-L-Q-H DEN. 1 INSECTIVORA 1 Erinaceidae 1 Erinaceus concolor Martin, 1838 Kirpi Eastern European hedgehog LRilc - - nt x - - - O·L·Q·H A 2 CHIRQPTERA 2 Vespertihonidae 2 Myolis myolis (Borl 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table C,3. Bird Species Obscrna ketenku~u linnet lC x x - - - x 0 B 95 Lo.ia WN/rostra ~aprazgaga ku~u crossbill LC x x - - - • 0 A 96 Coccotllraustes coccotllraustes kocaba, hawfinch lC x x - - - x x 0 A 97 Pyrrhula pyrrhula I~akrak bullfinch LC x x - - - x 0 A 32 EMBERIZIDAE KIRAZKUSUGiLLER 98 Embeflza cia kaya klfazku,u rock bunting LC x x - - - x 0 A 99 Embenza hortulana kirazku,u ortolon buntinq lC x x - - - x 0 A 100 Embenza eaesia klvl kirazku$u cretzschmar bunting LC x x - - - x 0 A 101 Emberiza pusilla k(j~Ok kirazku$u little bunting LC x x - - - • 0 A 102 Emberiza melanocephala karaba$ ki,azku,u black·headed bunting lC x x - - - x 0 A 103 /.A,flaf/a (Ember/za) calandra tarla klfazku,u corn bunting -­ ~ x • - - - x 0 A 217 TEIAS 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table C.4. Reptiles Identified in the Study Area --- COMMON NAME COMMON NAME IUCN BERN T.S. H.S. CITES SOURCE POP. REPTilES (TURKISH) (ENGLISH) Anx2 Anx3 A.D. App1 App2 App3 App1 App2 App3 O-L-Q-H DEN. 1 SQUAMATA 1 Gekkonidae 1 Cyrtopodion kolschyi Steindachner. 1870 Ince Parmakh Keler Kolschy's Gecko - x nt x - - - G-l-H A 2 lacertidae 214acerta paNa Boulenger, 1887 COce Kertenkele Dwarf Rock lizard - x nt x - - - G-l-H A 3 Lacerta trilineata Bedriaga, 1886 Ir1 Ye~iI Kertenkele Balkan Green lizard - x nt x - - - G-l-H A 4 Lacerta viridis (Laurenli. 1768) Yeiil Kertenkele Green lizard - x nt x - - - G-l-A-H A 5 Ophisops eiegans Menetries, 1832 Tarla Kertenkelesi Snake-eyed lizard - x nt x - - - G-l-A-H A 3 Cotubridae 6 Co/uber schmidt; Miko/sky, 1909 Klrmizi Yllan large Whip Snake - x nt x - - - G-l-H A 7 Eirenis modestus (Martin. 1838) Uysat Yllan Asia Minor Dwarf Snake - )( nt x - - - l-H 8 Coronel/a aus/riaea Laurenti. 1768 Avusturya Y Ilant Smooth Snake - )( nt x - - - l-H 9 Natrix natrix (Linnaeus, 1758) Van Sueul Yllan Grass Snake lR/le )( nt x - - - G-l-H A 10 Nalrix tessel/ata (Laurentl, 1768) Su Yllanl Dice Snake - )( nt )( - - - G-l-H A 218 TEIAS 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Table C,5, Amphibians Idenlified in the Stllrly Area COMMON NAME COMMON NAME IUCN BERN T,S. H.S. CITES SOURCE POP. AMPHIBIANS (TURKISH) (ENGLISH) Anx2 Anx3 (A.D.) App1 App2 App3 O·L-Q-H DEN. 1 ANURA 1 Bufonidae 11 Bufo bufo (Linnaeus. 1758) Sigilli Kurbaga Common Toad LC x nt - - - - O-L-H A 21Bufo viridis (Laurenti. 1768) Gece Kurbagasl Green Toad LC x nt - - - - O-L-H A 2 Ranidae ... ... ._~Rana ridibunda Pallas. 1771 Ova Kurbagasl Marsh Frog LC - x nt - - - - O-L-H A 219 < , , I I 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT APPENDIX D PUBLIC PARTICIPATION MINUTES OF MEETING Appendix 0.1 Canakkale Public Participation Minutes of Meeting and Participation List Appendix 0.2 Balikesir Public Participation Minutes of Meeting and Participation List Appendix 0.3 Manisa Public Participation Minutes of Meeting and Participation List 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT APPENDIX D. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION MEETINGS For the 380 kV energy transmission line project, that passes through Canakkale, Balikesir and Manisa Provinces, to inform the local residents and to take their opinions/recommendations, Public Participation Meetings were performed on 1-2-3 December 2004. In these meetings, the local residents were informed about the project and the works performed, their opinions/recommendations were taken and their questions were answered by the related competents and experts of the company, that prepared the EIA Report. Contents of these minutes of meetings are summarised below. Canakkale Public Participation Minutes of Meeting Within the 380 kV Karabiga - Can - Soma Energy Transmission Line Project. a public participation meeting has been organized by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry on 01.12.2004 in the Hacilar Village at the town of Can. During the meeting the villagers had questions about the damage tllat may occur, the correspondent officials for the project and the path of the transmission line. They were informed that any damage will be compensated, any questions can be directed to the Provincial Directorate and that the path of the transmission There was a question about the birds landing on the line and causing fire. The villagers were informed that all precautions will be taken to prevent such events. Moreover it was stated that these problems are under the responsibility of TEDAS (Turkish Electricity Distribution Co.) not TEIAS. Encon also told the villagers that their knowledge of the area can help for determining the route of the line in such a way to avoid going through agricultural area and/or areas with historical, cultural and natural values. Also the villagers were notified -in response to another question- that there is not enough financial resource to be able to combine the other two transmission lines that are already going through the area. It was noted that the area that the line passes through will be expropriated. Also the villagers were informed that the distance between the poles is going to be between 350 m and 1km (under extreme conditions). Due to the fact that there were no further questions the meeting was ended. Balikesir Public Participation Minutes of Meeting Within the 380 kV Karabiga - Can - Soma Energy Transmission Line Project. a public participation meeting was organized by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry on 02.12.2004 in the Soganbuku Village at the town of Ivrindi. Villagers voiced their worries about the magnetic field of the line. the potential harm to the crops, the difficulty of growing crops beneath the poles and the route of the line being unclear. The TEIAS official assured the villagers about these by pointing to the previously constructed lines. TEIAS noted that any damage to the crops will be paid, the lines will be high enough to avoid the effect of the magnetic field and the poles will be wide apart enough to grow crops in between. - Manisa Public Participation Minutes of Meeting Within the 380 kV Karabiga - Can - Soma Energy Transmission Line Project, a public participation meeting was organized by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry on 03.12.2004 in the Heciz Village at the town of Soma. 220 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Firstly the villagers were given general information about the process. Then they were given the opportunity to ask questions and voice their thoughts. Questions were asked about the damage to the crops and whether there would be any chance of employment for the local. It was noted that any damage would be compensated and that there might be opportunities of employment. The villagers were also concerned about power cuts. It was noted that any problems should be addressed to TEIAS. The villagers also requested to know the exact route of the line and that the line not to pass through their fields. They were informed that the definite route will be decided upon soon and that it might be subject to change before and during construction and the fields will be taken into consideration while arranging the route. ? 1 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Appendix 0.1. Canakkale Public Participation Minutes of Meeting and Participation list t-; .if ,":'-.,',} \.: .. " ',' ...._·,i',f'''.'· '< '" ! ••; i.1 ( "L' ." /~ 380 kV KARABIGA CAN SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Ek 0.1. Canakkale Public Participation Minutes of Meeting and Participation List (Continued) :--< :.,/ "j"' ..:: .. ~-. --~:' ; -..;, ,--/, ,'.. ..,~" ! . , / :~.( t-trj .. -~. : ' .' "',.-,\, " .,-,:.. ,; . '. , :.', 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Ek 0.1. Canakkale Public Participation Minutes of Meeting and Participation List (Continued) .. ~.~ , : 4._,' ,"-: ~~,\,,,,,,""''',,, 'i' . -,;/ ",', .. 'r' ??j 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Ek 0.1. Canakkale Public Participation Minutes of Meeting and Participation List (Continued) ,. I ... : '.: ~". , - '} ~~'''l;", c~. ::"':"..\ I ~ ( ~ '" ,HCX'.:"_t tel , .. ".,,~-­ '--':'" ~ . .•--­It ,~."''' { __ • '.i'_~ . ____--..-d< .__l· \ .J"'ii.i:'..~ I . '. ~ ~ l. "', '~f .' ;', ; / ..c / ('" : .. , " . " , . 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT APPENDIX 0.2. Balikesir Public Participation Minutes of Meeting and Participation List ruTANAK 1~{:r;:~T(j,_, '/;1:;11, ~"")80 kV f<:i1r!;~};(;.l \ .. di, y (~nc! :il('!i(j , '~-I~f 1"!iln(''Y! (JPf'("q!fh. ~-_. (iU.:i ':111 -11! '; :\~Ii;;nd;)Hltl 'r~l~ltl:l· i(JpldfJ:l ()~~.l:·>.)GC'i \1,,1, IH-.(L~ ~~d;!l! Lnq'l~d iill],:!;' L l:l~; :lv_:~i, SoqJrou,,\u ~\(h·l'l., f' Cl't r,lradlllllniprl i Op!c1'lt '11'11 f,ilUi,IIIU LJslesl ADI-SOYADI KURUMLJ I iKAMET VERi IMZA I/" ~ j.-:~L___ --- \ ''''---!., 1 -1 '~'.'-~"\';':"::.J~_/1.-; (\ ' l. r I I' .,., ! ~. i \...," LA. ' ll',j '-, i ­ I\,[ " ,,~ \ I r.-, ' \ ' I', ,--, It" '\\ ~ v. t • " , , \ .:._ ~ 'I ,, ' I> .~ .. ¥ • 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EJA REPORT Ek 0.3. Manisa Public Participation Minutes of Meeting and Participation list \1 \'->1" \ 11,1 ,>(j\I', Ii '.' , i.' !',' ",' tilU"ht 1',I.Lf\.Tlm..: iUII\l \.' (,I '\11'11 IIi III I (;i \/,.\il',Il,\\,\;iIU,'i;"',1 :II!-::,",',": \~,I \',\', ,:,,11 i I 1I11( 1lIj(, l·CI.\'·SOUI 1r,\ I \/lUI fll J '" 1111/1 PHI Ilf -;! ! (JP! \'" i ! : \R Ii II I: :::;.,',1 In),1 \'\.; '11 Rl , Y r t.0'<'- I I ..,t"", : TO!'I \ '. I I '-.\\11 II , : " i ," . '.; ~ , I • ! \f J '" I ~·,.f i: I J: . I • ) 1"' • /'1 "1-' 'i ' • ~ ..J ~;" ,!, ,j , I I ,"- ­ ,-, I',' !, !: ,;" ,. ,.' , .. ! ...' \,,1, ",.\ r, ,.}-' \ ' \ 'J ~ 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Ek 0.3. Manisa Public Participation Minutes of Meeting and Participation List (Continued) : 1 'k I ). i, ,(~():;,('jl)r ."', .,', ~ ""II,,!'. / I. . ( ','; t', I, , . ,. :,,,(~ rl, r J'\" -­ r ~ /j.,.'.,,\ .'r -+: l.~/l~O.90+ (,&Ov';1-) '\', '~r/~:--4' ~#:,,,,",,,,,,-t. """t~ ) t .;' • f ,"\ I" . t l. I ',(, " 'If" t'· v ,....,;, ,.:> i ~ ,'\ : \., • '. 'r\ , 1\ +. " , • :~ rJ, .' .:' "j • f l •. ,' .1 ! <.:" :1 ;', ' "' -I, f , . I " ,', 11 ~l 'i " '. , :~ j I I " " j. rn .< 230 380 kV KARABIGA CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT APPENDIX 0.3. Manisa Public Participation Minutes of Meeting and Participation List (Continued) • "I J , rJ;-i\-+~'''''{ I~, " I \ ...: . 1. ' r j, • II . ). >', ' , I • ':,; (,. ' II I", )/:' : " l ,', ,.', , , ' , ,. ",.\ .\ '". -, -- '\ • : ~ ~.:t !', i; " .." • ,t , ' .>- \. " ~ ... ' 'i '; ,\., '. -+.<..-­ '\,1,'/" :,~ '", 'l t " ,,-'';:'tl)(lC "',: .1 ;:iJ ") "( i ", I" " 'J I' \"' . . . ,I .c, r VI i .?: •. , <~.. j; ,\ ", ~~ I\.. .,.\~\, 380 kV KARABIGA - CAN - SOMA ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT EIA REPORT Ek 0.3. Manisa Public Participation Minutes of Meeting and Participation List (Continued)) \1 \,1".\ 11.1. "U\1.\ 1l<,ISj ill, 1/1,,( I): It Rhh L 1.I,FhTnjK iU:Tii\1 ,q', (;1,\11 '1i'1)\ IH.I'U· 1.\I{.\ I "r) \ '. (r/'. R<, I f\. U -;; T I R I L \ H. "I "! \. '. I\.'. ."'­ .iXll/.I'/i.IHlNh•.I-( I \-So.'-11 TFS rYE/V; ifl:T/\f III Til Pl{()IL,,1 "(EI> S(:REci,\l: /L\Lhl'\ K·\TIL"" TOP!' '!'lSI" K\TlI.',\L\H I.iS·II·si I () I' i \ \, 11 r .\ R llil 1\)1>1-\', II 1'11\1 (; 'r \ (:- ~ \0, !"{, -; ",.:'" ,-' i( )1'1.\ " II .".,\\11 ! !~~, i\IZ\ .' \ \ . ;~.U,~~~ \J 717A /5 () (Ill. / (:>1:11 I . I ~" f~ ~~; I i \.Ill ~.N K I\~:'(" ( ;:,. ; A{ G)t:L:u.s.1 lJ ,:(l.r=:.j:.. ( ,