Environmental Assessment/Analysis $4 Reports v Report F 0040 China - Liaoning Environmental Proj ect EA Category B Environmental Assessment 1 of 12 September 1993 This report has been prepared by the Borrower or its Consultant EA2EU U]l%90M D427 SEP 1 5 1993 REXEIVED EA2EU SEP 1 5 1993 RECK. LIAONING ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT September 1993 Prepared for: LIAONING URBAN CONSTRUCTION AND RENEWAL PROJECT OFFICE Shenyang. Liaoning Province People's Republic of rChina in cooperation with THE WORLD BANK ecology and environment, inc. BUFFALO CORPORATE CENTER. 368 PLEASANTVIEW DRIVE, LANCASTER. NEW YORK 140E5. TEL. 716/684-805 Intrnaftional Specialists in the Environment recyvcja Pacer TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . ......................... I LEPI DESCRIPTON AND GENERAL INFORMATION ...... 1-1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ....... .................... 1-1 1.2 PURPOSE AND SCOPE ...... ................. 1-3 1.3 PULICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWNORK ........ ..................... 1-4 2 BASELINE DATA - EXISTNG ENVIRONMENT ........... 2-1 2.1 DESCRIPTON OF PROJECT AREA ....... ........ 2-1 2.2 SOCIOECONOMICS ............ ............. 2-2 2.3 ECOLOGY ................ ................ 2-2 2.4 CLIMATE ..................... 24 2.5 WATER QUALrTY ........................... 2-4 2.5.1 Hun-Tan River Basin ..... .............. 24 2.5.2 Jinzhou Area: Daling-Xiaoling River Basin ..... 2-8 2.5.3 Dalian Area ...... ................... 2-17 2.6 BASELINE AIR QUALrrY IN BENXI ....... ....... 2-19 3 HUN-TAM RIVER BASIN COMPONENTS OF LP... 3-1 3.1 ANSHAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND RECOVERY .3-1 iii WLUIUi Dc?J. EA4fln recycld paper eb6iy and cnynmnenz Table or Contents (Cont.) 3.1.1 Altenatives for Anshan Wastewater Treatment Component ..... .............. 3-4 3.2 BENX 'WASTEWATER TREATMENT .... ......... 3-5 3.2.1 Altematives for Benxi Wastewater Treatment Plant Component ...... ................ 3-9 3.3 FUSHUN WASTEWATER TREATMENT ............ 3-11 3.3.1 Alternatives for Fushunm Wastewater Treatment Plant Component ...... ................ 3-20 3.4 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF HUN-TAIZM RIVER BASIN COMPONENTS .............. 3-21 3.5 ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF HUN-TAMZ RIVER BASIN COMPONENTS . . 3-26 4 BENXI AIR POLLUTION ABATEMENT COMPONENTS OF LEPH .. .............4........ -1 4.1 CONTROL OF EMISSIONS DURING COAL LOADING/ UNLOADING AT BISC COKING PLANT ............ 44 4.1.1 Altenatives for Control of Fmissions During Coal LOadinglUnloading at BISC Coking Plant ......................... 4-3 4.2 DRY ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR INSTALLAMON AT BISC NO. 1 AND NO. 2 BLAST FURNACES ....... 4-5 4.2.1 Alternatives for Dry Electrostatic Precipitator Installation at BISC No. 1 and No. 2 Blt Furnaces ..... .............. 4.6 4.3 TRANSMISSION PIPELINE AND HEAT EXCHANGE STATIONS FOR THE BENXI CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEM ........ ......................... 4.6 4.3.1 Alutrnaives for Transmission Pipeline and Heat Exchange Stations for the Benxi Central Heating System .... .......... 4-7 4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFnTS OF BENXI AIR POLLUTMON ABATEMENT COMPONENTS .... ..... 4-9 iv un Dna £4Eld Table or Contents (Cont.) Section 4.5 ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF BENXI APA COMPONENTS ............................. 4-11 5 DALIAN AREA COMPONENTS OF LEPH ....5........... 5-1 5.1 CHUNLIUIMALAN RIVER WASTEWATER TREATMENT COMPONENT . .5-1 5.1.1 Chunliu Wastewater Treatment Piant .... ...... 5-1 5.1.2 Malan River Wastewater Treatment Plant ... .... 5-4 5.2 DALIAN SOLID WASTE COMPONENT .......... .. 5-8 5.2.1 Alternatives for Dalian Solid Waste Component .5-12 5.2.2 Envirommental Benefits of Dalian Solid Waste Component ................... 5-12 5.2.3 Adverse Environmental Impacts of Dalian Solid Waste Component ..... ............. 5-14 6 JINZHOU AREA COMPONENT OF T EP. ............... 1 6.1 JINZHOU WATER SUPPLYIJINCHENG PAPER MILL WATER POLLUlTON CONTROL .-.-.-6-1 6.1.1 Alternatives for Jinzhou Water Supply/ Jincheng Paper Mill Water Pollution Control Component ..................... 6-6 6.1.2 Environmental Benefits of Jinzhou Components ....... ... 6-7 6.1.3 Adverse Environmental Impacts of Jinzhou Components ......7....... .... 67 7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING .... 7-1 8 REFERENCES ............. 8-1 ApMendix A BASELINE WATER AND AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ...... A-1 v Fecycied paper ecologv and emonmwnt LlST OF TABLES 2-i Pr3ject Area - Population and Area ...................... 2-3 2-2 Water Quality Monitoring Data for the Hun-Taizi River Basin, 1990 ................................. 2-6 2-3 Water Quality Targets in Hun, Taizi, and Daling Rivers ......... ............................ 2-9 2-4 Daling River Average Monthly Flows .................... 2-10 2-5 Average Water Quality Data for the Daling and Xiaoling Rivers at Jinzhou ............................ 2-11 2-6 Yearly Water Quality of Daling River Zhangjiabo Section (Upstream of Jincheng) .2-12 2-7 Yearly Water Quality of Daling River Xibaqian Section (Downstream of Jincheng) .2-13 2-8 Average Annual TSP and SO2 Conc ns in the City of Benxi, 1986-1990 .2-21 2-9 1990 Ambient Air Concentrations of TSP by Season in the City of Benxi .----------------- 2-22 2-10 1990 Ambient Air Concentrations of SO2 by Season in the City of Benxi .2-23 2-11 The Major Air Pollution Sources of Benxi for the Year 1991 .......... ............................ 2-25 3-1 Benxi Municipal Interceptor Sizes ....................... 3-S vii recycie papIDr EA4mcvv1 resCyCued paper clobg' mud iminunn g List of Tables (Cont.) 3-2 Fushun Municipal Interceptor ...... .................... 3-14 3-3 Fushun Industrial Interceptor .......................... 3-17 3-4 Predicted Water Quality, Xi Da Gou at Ansban .... .......... 3-22 3-5 Predicted Water Quality, Taizi River at Beami .... ........... 3-23 3-6 Predicted Water Quality, Hun River and Shenfu Irrigation Canal at Fushun .3-24 4-1 Estimated Effects of Proposed Subprojects on Benxi City Ambient Air Quality ........................ 4-10 7-1 Environmental Management ........................... 7-2 i-l Anshan Wastewater Treatment Component Summary of Environmental Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures .8-2 8-2 Benxi Wastewater Treatment Component Summary of Enviromentat Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures .8-3 °-3 Fushun Wastewater Treatment Component Summary of Environmental Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures .8-5 84 Malan RiverlChunliu Wastewater Treatnent Component Summary of Environmental Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures .8-7 8-5 Benxi Air Pollution Abatement Components Summary of Environmental Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures .8-8 8-6 Dalian Solid Waste Component Summary of Environmental Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures .8-10 8-7 Jinzhou Area Componens Summary of Environmental impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures ................. 8-12 viii ~LE DCh _EfdF LIST OF nLUSTRATIONS 1-1 Liaoning Province Project Area ....................... 1-2 2-1 City of Jinzhou Groundwater Supply Area ................. 2-16 2-2 Benxi City Site Map: Factories and Air Monitoring Locations .2-20 3-1 Anshan Wastewater Treatment Proposed Facilities .... ........ 3-2 3-2 Anshan Wastewater Treatment Plant: Plant Layout .... ....... 3-3 3-3 City of Benxi Municipal Interceptor ..................... 3-6 3-4 Benxi Wastewater Treatment Plant: Plant Layout . . ......... 3-10 3-5 City of Fushun Municipal Interceptor System ............... 3-13 3-6 City of Fushun Industrial Interceptor System ............... 3-15 3-7 City of Fushun Municipal and Industrial Interceptor Systems: All Phases .............................. 3-18 3-8 Fushun Wastewater Treatment Plant: Plant Layout .... ....... 3-19 4-1 Benxi City Site Map: Factories and Air Monitoring Locations.4-2 4-2 Benxi Municipal Residential Central Heating Project .------------------- 4-8 5-1 Dalian Facilities .5-2 ix reccl D _ erelyaev.FI recycle paper eclg and wumenltu iAst or iiUustrations (Conl., F il 6-1 City of Jinzh.,u Existing Water :S_uces .1.c.e.s.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2 6-2 Jinzbou Water Supply Project ......................... 6-4 -=n DI_EI EXECunIVE SUMMARY The World Bank-Liaoning Environment Project No. 2 (LEPI1) consists of a number of individual subprojects to improve environmental quality in the province. The projects proposed and summarized in this summary environmental assessment report will improve surface and groundwater quality and air quality, and will enhance the water supply for potable and industrial use. The LEPH consists of nine components: 1. City of Anshan wastewater treatment and recovery; 2. City of Benxi wastewater treament; 3. City of Fushun wastewater treatment; 4. Smoke-dust control at the DISC Nos. 1, 2, and 4 coke ovens; 5. Dry electrostatic precipitator installation at the BISC No. 1 and No. 2 blast furnaces; 6. Transmission pipeline and heat exchange stations for the Beuxi ceral heating system; 7. City of Dalian Malan River wastewater treatment plant and Chunliu wastewater treatment plant improvement; S. City of Dalian solid waste project; and 9. City of Jinzhou water supplylJincheng Paper Mill water pollution abatement. 1 cum Dar" 4&GRV recycd paper ecolog and envinrenucrt The component located in the City of Anshan consists of the proposed construction and operation of a wastewater treatment plant at the confluence of two tributaries of the Xi Da Gou, which eventually flows into the T2izi River via the Yunliang River. This plant will have a treatment capacity of 220.000 cubic meters per day (m3lday). The majority of the inflow to the proposed plant is industrial wastewater. Following treatment at the proposed plant. effluent will be returned via a proposed pipeline to the Anshan Iron and Sted Works for reuse. Because the proposed wastewater treatment plant, whict will require a permanent site of 15 hectares, would be located in an industrial re contiguous to the existing Anshan steel plant, enviromnmental impacts would be minimal and no population resettlement would be necessary. Treatment of the existing highly polluted wastewater for industrial reuse will positively impact both the water quality of the Taizi River and the Anshan area's water supply. Treating and Tegcling the effluent presently reaching the Taizi River by way of the Xi Da Gou and the Yunliang River will provide a decrease in pollutant loadings entering the Taizi River and thus enable this river section at Anshan to attain the Class V standards targeted by the Liaoning govermnent for the year 2010. The Benxi area wastewater treannent plant would be located on a 22. 1-hectare site within the flood-prone area of the Taizi River, with an associated 12.37-kilometer (kin) sewer intercptor, which would also be located within the floodplain of the Taizi River. The proposed treatment plant will be designed to treat an average of 300,000 m3/day of waste- water. In the Exjiao section of the Taizi River at Benxi, COD levels will be reduced by 39.2% to 30.25 milligrams per liter (mg/L), and BOD will be reduced by 46.8% to 10.12 mgfL. Even though this major improvement in pollution reduction will not bring this river section into compliance with the Class IV standards targeted for the year 2010, such improvements coupled with future planned pollution control projects (e.g., an industrial wastewater treatment plant) will assist in the eventual attainment of the Liaoning water quality goals. It is anticipated that 40 to 50 households consisting of approximately 200 people would need to be relocated from an srea adjacent to the proposed plant site. A resettlement office would be established with the responsibility to pay damages and provide for suitable replacement residences. The Fushun area proposed wastewater treatment plant would be located on a 48.75- hectare site (19.1 hectares of which will comprise LEPII-financod facilities) in an agriculural area. The proposed plant will treat an average of 250,000 m31day of domestic and industrial 2 I e~unu D n4 wastewater and will require the construction of associated municipal and industrial waste- water interceptors. No residential resettlement will be required for the proposed construction. The proposed site will remove approximately 50 acres of land from agricultural production. The environmental benefits derived from the wastewater treatment, including improved water quality in the Hun River as well as improvements to water used for irrigation in the Shenfu Irrigation Canal from the separate source treatment of certain industrial wastewater flows outside of the LEPH scope, outweigh the loss in agricultural productivity as a result of the devdopment of the wastewater treatment plant. Hun River water quality at Fushun is currentlybelow the Class V standards. Reductions in levels of BOD by up to 82%. COD by up to 87%, and phenols by up to 99% will result in improving the watcr quality standards to the Class m target established by the Liaoning government for the year 2010. The construc- tion and operation of the proposed interceptor is noi Expected to cause any significant adverse long-term environmental effects. The Benxi Air Pollution Abatement (APA) projects include: 1) installation of facilities to lower the emissions of smoke and dust during coal loading and unloading at the BISC Coking Plant; 2) installation of dry electrostatic precipitators on blast furnaces No. 1 and No. 2 at BISC; and 3) installation of a transmission pipeline and heat exchange stations to supply hot water to the Dongfen Central Heating District. ITese pollution abatement projects are anticipated to result in an improvement in air quality in Benxi by lowering particulate emissions by 44,990 tonnes per year and S02 emissions by 10,219 tonnes per year. No significant adverse long-term environmental impacts will occur as a result of implemenation of these projects. No resettement or permanent land use changes will occur. In Dalian, a proposed wastewater treatment plant would be located on a 5-hectare site within an industrialized area of the city along the Malan River. This proposed treatment plant, which would be located approximately 900 meters upstream of the mouth of the Malan River where it flows into Heishijiao Bight, will treat up to 156,000 m3/day of domestic and industrial wastewater. The existing Chunliu wastewater treatment project will consist of upgrading the sewer system to transport an additional wastewater flow of 46,000 m3/day to the existing plant. This will allow the Chunliu wastewater treatment facility to reach its design treatment capacity of 60,000 m3/day, which is currently not being achieved. No residential resettlement will be required for these projects. Minor land use changes will be compatible with adjacent uses. Environmental benefits will include significant improvements 3 recycld paper eologv and envIronIwni in wzer quality in Heishijiao Bight, which is used extensively for aquaculture and recreation, and in Dalian Bay. In addition, a wat recycling portion of the Malan River proposal will benefit the region's dwindling wat supply. The Dalian solid waste project includes further improvements and expansion of the Maoyingzi Landfill, as well as impvemes to the existing Suoyu Bay Transfer Station. Development of these facilities will benefit the Dalian uea by providing controlled locations to a at the increasing amounts of solid waste generaed in the area (anticipated to average 1.500 tonnes per day). This development also will mitigate impacts to groundwater and rface waters of Jinzhou Bay and the Suoyu Bay area of Dal an resulting from runoff from the curren landfill facilities. In addition, landfill gases emitted from the Maoyingzi Landfill will be contolled through a flaing system. This system will prevent these gases (which are primarily methane) from venting into the atmosphere, thereby eliminating a possible source of global warming pollutants. The water supply enhancement project in the City of Jizhou includes the develop- ment of a groundwater aquifer near the Ludan village area. Development will include installation of 17 municipal wate wells, construction of a pipeline gathering system and 21- km supply pipeline from the Ludan area to the existing Damu treatment plant, construction of a pump station near Baduan Village, and consction of a pump station and wat treatment expansion adjacent to the existing Damu facility. This project will provide up to 100,000 m3/day of war, which will ameliorate a projected supply shortfall of 98,900 m3/day anticipated by calendar year 1995. No rsestlement will be required by this proposal. The only permanent land use changes to occur will be the result of instaHlation of the water welLs, pump stations, and water treatment plant expansion. Environmental impacts from pipeine installation will be short term and will occur during the construction period. In addition to the water supply development project, the Jincheng Pap Mill, which is located along the Daling River upstream of the Ludan well field, will be redeveloped to reduce the amount of pollutants presently being discharged to the Daling River. This project will help prevent contamintion of the new municipal weU field by treating tie largest single discharge source to the river. The proposed trtment for the Jincheng Paper Mill wastewater will result in the recovery of approximately 66% (approximately 58 tonnes/day) of crrently discharged suspended solids with an attendant 88% reduction of 162 tonneslday in chemical oxygen demand. 4 ~LJU DQaT_E £.SlFI The No Action altenative is not a feasible option for any of the proposed activities included in the LEPII. Current and future lack of action regarding any of these subprojects would continue to adversely ;ffect the Liaoning Province enviromnent. The negative impact of pollutants on both water and air resources and the attendant adverse effects on human health have become extremely serious over past decades. The pollution abatement projects analyzed in the World Bank as,. 2 proposal are crucial elements for mitigating the adverse effects of pollution and improving the environment at the local, provincial, and national level. 5 recycled paper ecology and enuiuou,,nue 1. LE:PI DESCRITION AND GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1 INTRODUCTION Liaoning Province is the most industrialized province in northeast China. Irdustrial and mining complexes are primarily located in the major urban areas within the province. Much of this industrial development occurred prior to implementation of environmental controls. The centr3a government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the provincial government in Liaoning Province are now mandating specific pollution abatement controls at various industries and in municipalities within Liaoning. The pollution abatement projects currendy planned are collectively known as LEPII. This environmental assessment (EA) summary report has been prepared in support of the application to obtain World Bank financing for the implementation of the various components of the LEPI by the Liaoning Provincial Government (LPG) and the PRC. The individual pollution abatement projects will be located in the cities of Anshan, Benxi, Dalian, Fushun, and Jinzhou, and wil consist of nine separate components (see Figure 1-1). The nine compo- nents discussed in this EA summary report are as follows: 1. Anshan wastewater treatment and recovery project; 2. Benxi wastewater treatnent project; 3. Fushun wastewater treatment project; 4. Smoke-dust control at the BISC Nos. 1, 2, and 4 coke ovens; 5. Dry electrostatic precipitator installation at the BISC No. 1 and No. 2 blast furnaces; 6. Transmission pipeline and heat exchange stations for the Benxi central heating system; 1-1 recyched paper ecbs!~ *nd cnvwonmnenI *"/- 'H4UN-TAIZI RIVER BASIN U LIAONING PR E < / ~~~GULFof > G |LAODONG BOHAI SEA YEl Figure 1-1 UAONING PROVINCE PROJECT AREA 1-2 7. Dalian Malan River wastewater treatment plant and Chunliu wastewater treatment plant improvement; 8. Dalian solid waste projec; and 9. Jin2hou water supplylJincheng Paper Mill water pollution abate- ment project. In general, the components proposed in Anshan, Benxi, and Fushun will result in direct improvements in environmental conditions of the Hun-Taizi River Basin in terms of reducing both water pollution and air pollution. The wastewater components in Fushun and Benxi will provide improvements to their respective wastewater collection systems in addition to the new primary and secondary treaunent plants. The Anshan wastewater component will improve water quality and enhance water conservation efforts through the treatnent and reuse of wastewater originating from the Xi Da Gou drainage area within Anshan. The Benxi APA components will result in lower SO2 and particulate emissions, as well as a reduction in blast furnace wash-water discharges into the Taizi River. The Jinzhou components will result in a development of a new municipal potable water supply and treatment of the largest single discharge source to maintain water quality of the new system. Use of this newly developed, uncontaminated water supply will prevent water supply shortfall and improve water quality. The Dalian components will improve the water quality of the Malan River and the near-shore areas of Heishijiao Bight and Dalian Bay in the north Yellow Sea, while the solid waste component will improve the Dalian solid waste collection system and provide a much needed facility for solid waste disposal. The World Bank has agreed to assist in financing the proposed LEPII. The Liaoning Urban Construction and Renewal Project Office (LUCRPO) has reained numerous consul- tants, both national and international, to assist in analyzing the feasibility and design of the various component projects as well as the preparation of individual project environmena assessments. 1.2 PURPOSE AND SCOPE This EA summary report for the LEPII has been prepared by Ecology and Environ- ment, Inc., (E & E) to meet the requirements of the World Bank, the Liaoning Environmental Protection Bureau (LEPB), and the Government of the PRC. The EA summary report GL1MV_NflCf4ZLESMl4D4FI 1-3 recycied paper ecdogy and envimrnmenz conforms with the requiremet for preparation of an Initial Executive Project Summary (IEPS) as described in the World Bank Operational Directive 4.01: Environmental Assess- ment, dated October 3, 1991. Ihe rport summarizes the informiaion provided in the project- specific cnvironmental assessmezts prepared by the following organizations: * Components (1) and (4) through (6): Beijing Environmental Impact Assessment Coporation; * Componnt (2) and (3): Liaoning Environmental Protection Scien- tific Research Institute; * Components (7) and (B): Research Instiue of Environmental gi- e,, Dalian University of Technology; and * Component (9): Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences. The World Bank has informed all concened parties dhat the LEPII is a Category A project requiring a full anaysis. The scope of this report has been designed to fulfill the Terms of Reference for the project as negotiated by LUCRPO in November 1992. The scope, as outlined by LEPB. includes discussion of all components of the LEPII for which World Bank financing is being sought. The assessment also includes discussions of impacts and alternatives as they relate onotonly each individual component, but to the PIfas a whole. 1.3 POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISRATVE FRAMEWORK LUCRPO is responsible for coordinating the various project components of the LEPII and for a g the contras, reviewing the enviromental impact assessment, and approving the feasibility and design studies for each project. Ihe responsible agency for Component I (Anshan Wastewater Treatment for Industrial Reuse) is the Anshan Urban Construction and Renewal Project Office (AUCRPO). Component 2 (Benxi Municipal Wastewater Treatment Project) is the responsibility of Benxi Urban Construction and Renewal Project Office (BUCRPO). Component 3 (Fushum Wastewater Treatment Project) is the responsibility of the Fushun Urban Construction and Renewal Project Office (FUCRPO). - KJtU3Da,?-R#A4WflIin-FI 1-4 Components 4 through 6 (the three Benxi air pollution abatement projects) are the responsibility of BUCRPO in conjunction with the Benxi Atmosphere Project Office (BAPO). The BUCRPO will manage the construction and operation of these component projects in coordination with LUCRPO. Component 7 (Dalian Malan River and Chunliu Wastewater Treatment Projects) and Component 8 (Dalian Solid Waste Treatment Project) are the responsibility of the Dalian Municipal Construction Bureau (DMCB). The Jinzhou Municipal Office for City Reconstruction Programs (JMOCRP) is responsible for implementation of Component 9 (Jinzhou Water Supply and Water Pollution Abatement Project). The Jinzhou Water Supply Company, in conjunction with JMOCRP, will also be responsible for the water supply subcomponent of this project. The Jincheng Paper Mill will assume a role in implementing the pollution abatement subcomponent of the project. The LEPB has overall responsibility in Liaoning Province for air and water quality. Ihe LEPB is responsible for ensuring the quality of all air and wastewater discharges from industial sources and municipal wastwater treatment facilities as well as the proper collection and treatment of all solid wastes in compliance with all national and provincial environmental laws and standards. The LEPB is headquartered in Shenyang and is guided by the policies established by the PRC's National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA). _wuuiTaE_ewnws.a'i 1-5 racycled paper ecology and 2. BASELINE DATA - EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 2.1 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECr AREA Liaoning Province is located in the northeast section of the PRC. Liaoning is bordered on the north by the Jilin Province, on the east by North Korea, on the west by Hebei Province and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and on the south by the Bohai Sea. Land use in Liaoning Province is primarily industrial and agricultural. Liaoning is a highly industrialized province with heavy industries such as iron and steel manufacturing, cement production, nonferrous metal processing, and chemical industry. These industries and other light industries like paper mills and textile factories are the major pollution sources. The provincial govenmment and LEPB have made great efforts to abate the pollution and improve the environment. The provincial government of Liaoning and the central government of the PRC are now mandating specific pollution abatement controls at vaious industries and in municipalities within Liaoning. Areas experiencing elevated levels of pollution have been identified for cleanup. In order to execute the directives of the governments to perform the necessary amelioration activities, the governments of China have applied for loans through the World Bank to finance these cleanup projecs. The overall project for which World Bank fuding will be used is known as the LEPIL. The LEPII consists of nine components that will result in an abatement of current environmental degradation in three identifiable regions within Liaoning Province. The three regions that will benefit from the LEPH are: * The Hun-Taizi River basin in central Liaoning Province; * The Xiaoling-Daling River basin area in southeast Liaoning Province; and 2-1 KcYcled paper ceo&9V and envmunnent * The Dalian area located on the Liaodong peninsula in south Liaoning Province. The pollution abatement components in Anshan, Benxi, and Fushun will result in substantial improvements to the enviromenal quality of the Hun-Taizi River basin. Wastewater treatment plant projects in all three cities will improve overall water quality, while air pollution abatement projects in Benxi will result in a substantial reduction of existing air contaminants currenly being emnitted into the atmosphere. The componens proposed in Jinwhou will provide not only an incremental addition to the city's water supply that will allow for added economic growth but will also protect the newly developed water supply by abating the largest single discharge point to the Daling River basin. Tne Dalian components of ihe LEPII will provide needed imprvemets in the area's solid waste mnmagement program and will significantly lower the levels of polluted wastewater currently being discharged into areas of Ileishijiao Bight, a popular tourist area of Liaoning Province, and into Dalian Bay. 2.2 SOCIOECONOMICS The proposed LEPI consists of nine separate components located within the cities of Anshan, Beuxi, Fushun, Jinzhou, and Dalian, all of which are in Liaoning Province of the PRC. The population of this five-city administative area is approximately 15.37 million people and covers an area of appmximately 47,136 square kilometers (k2) (see Table 2-1). Principal economic activities in the project area include steel and coke production, machinery manufacturing, petroleum refining, chemical manufacturing, metallurgy, textiles, light industry, pulp and paper manufcturing, coal mining, and oil and gas production. Details of the individual industries in each project area are discussed in each individual project-related environmental assessment report. Existing land use at each of the proposed component constiuction sites is summarized in each appropriate project description. Details can be found in each project-related environ- mental assessment report. 2.3 ECOLOGY The majority of the projects associated with the TEPII are located in urbanized or agricultural settings where the majority of the native flora and fauna have been displaced by species adaptable to these environments. Wastewater discharges in Anshan, Benxi, Fusbun, 2-2 nn _EA4d Page lofI Table 2-1 PROJECr AREA - POPULATION AND AREA Administrative Populatioun A Arm I( ) (km ) An'l n 2.77 4.744 Bcnxi 1.52 8.420 Fushun 2.90 10.816 Jinzhou 2.93 10.192 Dalian 5.25 12.964 Total Projea Area 1537 47.136 2-3 recycbd paper eoloLv and envimnuinm Jinzhou, and Dalian, have impaired the aquatic environments,of the Hun-Taizi River Basin, the Daliug River Basin, and the Heishijiao Bight area near the mouth of the Malan River in Dalian and in Dalian Bay. In areas of high water pollution, there are reportedly no fish or shrimp species present. ID areas of lesser water pollution, carp, crucian carp, catfish, wild gill eel, and tiger shrimp are present. Upland forested areas contain poplar, larch, willow, oak., dragon spruce, fir, and northeast China ash. Animal species include badger, roe decr, pheasant, egret, ad other urban dwelling species. The offshore areas surrounding Dalian are presently quite diverse. The Heishijiao Bight and Dalian Bay areas are rich marne environments. They contain numerous native species and have highly productive aquaculture systems. Major cultivated species include Japanese brown alga (Undaria pinnaufida), kelp (Laminariajaponica), abalone, scallops, and mussels. The ars of Jinzhou Bay originally contained mud flats with native populations of aine rush and reeds covering up to 30% of these tidal areas. However, many of these mud flats have been convred for prawn production. 24 CLIMATE The climate in the project area of Liaoning Province is subhumid, with maritime influences resulting in a moderating of the temperatures, more so in Dalian than the other project cities. The area has an average annual precipitation from 500 millimeters (mm) to 1,0D0 mm, with the amoumt increasing in a southwest to northeast direction. Sixty-three percent to 70% of the annual precipitation occurs as rain in the summer months of June to September, while only approximately 9% to 10% falls during the winter months of December through February. Average daily temperatures range between 6°C and 9°C. During January, the average daily temperature ranges between -5C and -17'C, while the hottest month of July has average daily temperatures between 230C and 24°C. 2.5 WATER QUALITY 2.5.1 Hun-Tazi River Basin The Hun and Taizi rivers generally flow in a northeast to southwest direction through Liaoning Province to their confluence, which eventually empties into the Gulf of Liaodong on the Bohai Sea (see Figure 1-1). The water quality in the basin is currently being monitored cumqo~ Da77.~ LWIOn4fflw 2-4 by the LEPB and the various municipal environmental protection bureaus. Monitoring results are reported in the provincial Environmental Quality Reports (EQRs) that are published annually. Appendix A contains baseline water quality standards for the PRC and Liaoning Province. The EPB monitors water quality at 23 locations in the Hun-Taizi River basin. Sampling frequency is seasonal, based on water flow conditions. Table 2-2 summarizes the water quality data for selected monitoring locations as presented in the 1991 EQR. Tbese data generally fall within the standards as identified in Table A-I (see Appendix A). The exceptions to this are for chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), phenols, and un-ionized ammonia levels, all of which exceed the standards identified in Table A-I for various uses as established by the PRC's National EPA. In general, the water quality of the Hun-Taizi River basin ranges from poor to good. The upstream reaches of the rivers are of high quality, meeting Class I or II of the Environ- mental Quality Standards for Surface Waters (EQSSW). These data are typical of generally unimpactd headwater areas in a watershed. Based on water quality criteria, these waters would be suitable for all categories of use. Water quality deteriorat as the Hun and Taizi rivers flow through the more developed sectors of the province. Monitored parameters exceed the standards developed for Class V waters where the Hun flows through Fushun and where the Taizi flows through Benxi and Anshan (SAE 1993a). Most of the surface waters in the Hun-Taizi River basin within the developed sectors are contaminated, and exhibit substandard water quality that is generally worse than the national Class V standards for surface water (SAE 1993d). The problem is compounded during the dry season when virtually all flous in the rivers consist of raw wastewater. In addition to surface water contamination from uncontrolled and untreaed domestic and industrial wasewater, groundwater has been contaminated via surface water recharge (SAE 1993d). The use of these polluted water sources for drinking water supplies poses a potential threat to human health. In some areas of the Hun-Taizi basin, above-average occurrence of liver problems, cancers, and birth defecs have been reported (BEAC 19921). The generally poor quality of surface water at Fushun and Benxi also affects agricultural irrigation (LEPSRI 1992a). In particular, surface water quality with respect to 2-5 6unIMDan-k L%mnEFI recycied paper ecooy mud auuontnaen Pup I Or2 Table 2-2 WATER QUALITY MONITORING DATA FOR THE IIUN-TAIZI RIVER BASIN, 199 (Concentrulon In mg/L, except p1_) Monkorht RiverT Sedlen reviod pTh SS DO COD 110| Oil PT oll CN T MijN |No NO3 N Ai h T g cr(vI) Tb Cd Co flun Fushun Low Flow 7.50 33 7.90 34.33 5.23 0.50 0.019 0.005 2.05 o.09 0.t3 0.007 0.0000 0.000 0.005 0006 0.002 High ow 7.33 52 4.63 31.03 4.36 1.10 0.005 0005 0.94 0.195 0.46 0.031 - - - _ Averge Flow 7.56 26 5.66 27.07 3.61 0.57 0C009 0.006 2.14 0.101 0.93 o.02 030001 _ _ _ Shenyang Low ow 7.50 39 4.30 32.39 22.3 2.13 0.043 0.021 9.46 0.146 O.6 0.023 0.0000 0.WO 0.051 0.000 0.011 High Flow 7.60 43 3.60 44.50 1.0 0.36 0.010 0.000 2.33 0 134 062 0.007 00000 0000 0000 0001 0.001 Avege Flow 7.50 34 4.20 37.14 6.2 1.05 0.02_ 0.000 4.91 0.900 2.53 0 014 0.0000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.012 Tlii Benxi I w Flw 7.27 62 6.61 10.13 0.36 5.th 310 0.100 4.73 0 092 0|13 0014 O005 0000 0000 0000 0.000 High flow 7.67 16 6.01 4.53 2.45 3.30 0.110 0 010 1.91 0.105 1.02 0.000 0.0005 0.000 0.000 0000 0.000 AvergFlop w 7. !II t7.17 4.0I 3.30 | I 0.1.00 | 0.015 - .1||O.O.4 I- 0.8!. | 0.03 | - | .* o000 | o.000 10 00 | 0.000 Liaoyang Low Flow |7.00 |47| 6.60 |14.26 12.20 2.59 0.033 0.010 . | 0.l55 | I.C] 0.000 2 0.000 I 0000 (0000 I 0.022 High Flbw 11 10 ! i 9.00 3.30o 0. 0.005 | _090 . 0 15 I 0.105O ..12 I090o.ooo | O.O lo.wo 0.000 AvertgeFlow I 7.20 138 1.601 '*64 13.0 10.3 1 0.005 J0000 , 0.14 0.047 1.12 Ooom 0.000 I 0.000, loo000 I o.0o Anhn Low Flow 1 1.24 14.43 5.33 0.028 | 0.039 | 3.57 0.023 1.42 0000 000001 |_J0-00 0.007 1o000 |. 0.0c6 Hiwh Plow j7.58j 2231 5.40 | 4.10 | 1.20 W0 |00 0 63 L 0.049.| 1 42 | OW |O.O002 I .0000 0 .W5 10.000 | 0.122 A__ vengeFlow 7.4 129 1 5.19 1 6.75 1 5.41 .20J0.029 0003 I 1.55 I 0.111 1 1.91 1 °°°° O 0.006 10.X0 1 0 Key m end of Uble. in L bgmSn Pate2 Table 2-2 WATER QUALITY MONITORING DATA FOR TIIE IIUN-TAIZI RIVER BASIN, 1990 (Concentralion In mgIL, exeepl pil) Rlver I eeica Pe d - SS DO COD HOD Oil |1011| CN N113'N NO N N03.N | AS IIg Cr(VI3 Pb Cd Ct Dc1i* o Pcnjin Low F_w 6.72 153 5.13 10.65 0.61 0.029 0.006 6 33 0D026 1.51 0 014 O 0 ,ODt 0. 0009 _ D72 HiSh Flow t 11 22 5.76 7,31 _ 0 1* 0.0W4 0.004 3.53 0.175 2.25 0 000 0 0013 0.000 0 003 0.0005 0 004 Averete Flow 7.35 49 36 6S 6 70 0.03 0.0'29 0.0W5 3.26 0.022 1.6S 0 OD$ 0.W 10 _0 003 0.000 0.000 0O )4 Yingkou Low Flow 7.90 712 2.11 26 30 8 42 0.30 0 070 0.000 , 6.67 0,019 0.2 17 0 .000 00o3 0.oa7 0,067 10.00; 0.010 High Flow 7.81 176 2.57 137 6.3S. 0.00 0 W00 0 W00 0.tS o t02 0.t9 0 000 0 0002 0.0tX 0.012 0 002 0.012 Average Flaw 7.93 206 2.75 7 53 491 0.3 0.000 0 000 1.9 0.072 0 79 0 000 00004 012 0000 0002 0010 Note: In the Hfun River. COD is measured by The potassium dichmmsle method whereas in Other rivers, COD it muAured by the potainium permangnriate mehod Key: As - Arsenic. BOD - Biochemkil oxygen demand. Cd - Cadmium. CN - Cyanide. COD - Chemikcl oxygen demsnd. Cr(VI; - Hexavflent chromium. Cu - Copper. Do - Dissolved oxygen. Hg - Mereury. NH13N * Ammonriacal nitrogen. NO2N - Nitrite.nitrogen. NOJ N a Nitrate-niirogen. p ~~~~~Po - Lead PhOHl a Phenol. 3 SS * Suipended solids. Source: Llaonjing Provinfe Envirnmerial Quality Repor 1991. " Lui4,DE2fl1ASnti COD, oil. and un-ionized ammonia exceed the standards identified in Table A-I and are considered unsuitable for irrigation. Liaoning Province has established water quality targets for the year 2000 for sections of the various rivers in the Hun-Taizi River basin based on existing and intended uses for the specific water bodies. Feasibility studies conducted by Stanley Associates indicate that these target levels, as proposed, are largely attainable through the implementation of pollution abatement projects. A summary of these water quality targels and their associated water uses are presented in Table 2-3. 2.s52 Jinzbou a: Daling-Xlaoling River Basin 2-5.2.1 Surface Water There are 50 rivers and tributaries in the Jinzhou administrative district. The source of mmdt of these rivers is primarily from runoff caused by precipitation, which results in significant fluctuations in flow volume from season to season and from year to year. Table 2-4 identifies the monthly flow of the Daling River which illustrates this seasonal fluctuation. The Daling-Xiaoling River basin has the largest catchment basin (23,594 kn2) and the largest flow with an average annal flow of approximatey 2,060 x 10is cubic meters (m3) (CRAES 1992). Most of the rivers within this basin flow through areas of hilly topography with steep slopes and little vegetative cover. This situation results in severe erosion and resultant sedimentation and siltation in the rivers. The Daling River originates in Jianchang, a hilly region in the southwest of Jinzhou, covering a distance of 403 km before entering the Bohai Sea. Because of severe erosion in the upper reaches of the Daling River basin, high suspended solid loads exist in this area. Tihis is especially evident during periods of wet and normal flows, as shown in Tables 2-5 and 2-6, which present water quality data on a yearly basis for the years 1983 to 1991 upstream and downstream of Jincheng. These silt loads contain high levels of both sand and organic silt and, combined with the discharge of both industrial and domestic sewage, case poor water quality in the Daling River that fails to meet the national EQSSW shown in Table A-1 of Appendix A. Table 2-7 illustrates the average water quality of the Xiaoling River upwstream and downsteam of the City of Jinzhou. Note that Jinzhou currently obtains the majority of its water supply from groundwater aquifers adjacent to and recharged by the Xiaoling River. Ihe Xiaoling River data, which indicate lower dissolved oxygen levels and 2-8 Pagc I of I Table 2-3 WATER QUALITY TARGETS IN HUN, TAIZI, AND DA-LING RIVERS River/Sectin Beanefical Uses Water Quality Target Hun River: Upstream of Dahuo fang Rescrvoir Drnking supply Cls III Dahuofang Reservowr Drinking supply Lacis 11 Fushun Section to Hun He Gatc Industrial usc; recreation; rccharge Cass III for Shenyang Aquifcr Downstream of Hun He Gatc Irrigation Clss V Tarz River Guanycnge Rcservoir Drinking supply Class 11 Downstream or Guanycngc Drinking supply Class Ill Reservoir to Beuxi Bcnxi Seciion Industrial use Class IV Downstream or Benxi to Shenwo Industrial use Class IV Reiervoir Tanghe Reservoir Drinking supply; Industrial use Class 11 Downstream of Shenwo Reservoir Recharge for Liaoyang Aquifer Clss I1 to Gno Li Men Section Downstream of Gao Li Men to Industrial usc Class IV Xiao Kou Zi Section Downstream of Xiao Kou Zi Irrigation Class V Scstion Daliao River Whole Section Irrigation; Industrial use Class IV Source: Liaoning Province Urban Studies. River Basin Management Project. Basin Planning Report 19899 @~LUI DeDa77.C74n93.DI 2-9 recycled paper ecelogv and environmuwns Page I of I Table 2-4 DALING RIVER AVERAGE MONTHLY FLOWS l(m3second) :onh T.J F M A M J I- J A S 0 N D Fulow 9.07 9.30 37.331 2.8 13.76J 49.64 1I4.39 15209 63.70 34.171 26.72 1 m:LUIWi.Dan7M~OM I 2-10 P.g. Table 2-5 YEARLY WATER QUALITY OF DALING RIVER ZHANGJIABAO SECTION (DOWNSTREAM OF JINCHENG) (mg/L) Rtem _1983 J 194 1985 l 2986 1987 18 1989 1990 Annual Ave*ge D 0.06 0.113 0.053 0.074 0.20 0.24 0.61 1.15 0.063 0.285 Oil W - 0.046 0.023 0.405 0.032 0.237 0.059 0.124 0.056 0.123 N 0.04 0.02 - 0.072 0.06 0.17 0.115 0.119 0.056 0.082 D 0.001 0.0025 _ - _ O.o7 0.004 0.005 0.002 - 0.004 Volatile Phenol W - - - 0.002 0.001 - 0.0004 0.001 N - - - 0.0007 - - 0.007 _ - 0.004 D 1.075 1,716 377 501 658 747 948 1,106 4u _41.73 Suspended Solids W 7,536 42,500 5,802 1,294 5,372 37,932 4,203 17,571 200 13,601.67 N 184 210 - 5,012 446 458 931 4,944 - 1,740.71 D 38.S 45.7 8.65 17.73 81.1 31.62 43.14 16.90 26.39 34.49 CODMn W 239.9 68.08 5.06 16.33 76.64 14.01 9.35 13.86 194.0 76.37 N 8.4 3.29 - 32.16 14.2 29.4 10.45 28.32 61.37 23.45 D 234.5 255.3 255.3 172.6 361.0 213.9 250.2 170.1 198.3 222.44 CODCf W 931.9 322.3 322.3 168.6 347.8 161.7 147.7 161.2 696.7 346.97 N 244.1 129.7 129.7 215.5 162.2 207.3 150.9 204.1 302.4 189.60 Key: CODCr =Chemical oxygen demand (chmmium). CODM. =Chemical oxygen demand (manganecse). D =Dry Season Flows. N Normal Season Flows. W -Wd Season Flows. Soure: Report on Environmental Impact Assesaent; Jlnzhou Water Supply; Chlnese Reaerch Academy of Envimnmental Sciences 1992. W:LUlJH,D(M49*W631 Pep I of I Table 246 YEARLY WATER QUALITY OF DALING RIVER XIBAQIAN SECTION (DOWNSTREAM OF JINCHENG) (mgIL) I~~ ~ Yew .___ I_____ L ltem 1913 1984 1085 |916 1297 |93 3| 9 1 2990 1991 Annual Aversge D 0.09 0.153 0.107 0.112 0.1,7 0.37 0.31 0.1| 0.11O 0.257 Oil W 0.03 0.0338 0.035 0.204 0.012 0.124 0.066 0.16 0.053 0.082 N 0.244 0.056 - 0.066 0.11 0.45 0.129 0.095 0.126 0.160 D 0.0002 0.016 0.007 0.012 0.022 0.022 0.034 0.019 - 0.025 Volatie Phenol W - 0.00_ 0.003 0.014 0.003 0.006 0.007 - _ 0.006 N 0.164 0.007 - 0.003 0.007 0.005 0.015 0.019 - 0.034 D 769 1,343 736 6Z0 1,454 6S9 1,012 1,129 632 937.11 Suipended Solids W 6,103 23.000 4,218 1,077 1,946 27,330 5,202 20,M7 | 232 9,992.22 N 179 542 - 2,012 401 532.5 2,795 4.2 4,623 1,450. D 136.0 43.3 45.93 73.01 32.3 30.50 207.4 352.24 153.0 130.97 CODMn W 63.8 31.2 16.35 33.33 26.23 30.32 95.23 24.20 265.2 70.33 N 217.3 30.08 - 26.46 15.6 46.06 12.53 13.64 53.46 52.45 D 524.3 250.1 256.4 352.0 363.1 359.4 736.6 1,132.1 574.3 520.93 CODC,r W 309.6 212.6 170.0 369.1 193.0 222.5 403,2 292.3 903.4 330.47 N 767.5 209.3 - 293.5 166.7 256.3 154.2 260.4 293.7 275.39 Key: CODCr -Chemial oxygen demand (chromium). CODM, -Chemical oxygen demand (manganee). D -Dry Sason Flows, N -Normal Season Flows. W -Wd Season Flows. Source: Report on Environmcntal Impadct Assement; imnfhou Water Supply; Chinee Rearch Acadany of EnvinmentAl Scicncea 1992. 5 4bfle9MA344DI * Pagc I or I Table 2-7 AVERAGE WATER QUALITY DATA FOR THE XAOLING RIVER AT JINZHOU wiaoEg River Nflutaut Uptm of Jinzhou Downsre_am of Jinhu pH 8.96 8.20 Suspcnded Solids (mgfL) 64 9 Dssolved Oxygen (mg/L) 6.24 2.76 COD (mg/L) 4.51 6.58 BOD (mg/L) 2.22 3.56 Oil (mg/L) 0.038 0.301 Phenol (mglL) 00 00 Cyanide (mgIL) 00 0.039 Ammonical Niugen (mg/L) 0.180 3.32 Nitritc (mglL) 0.005 0.168 Nitr (mg/L) 03S90 0.990 Arsnic (mgIL) _ 0.018 Mccury (mgIL) 0.0000M 0.00006 Chnrmiuzn (mg/L) _ Cadmium (mgAL) _ Total Bac. (CFU/ml) NA _ Fecal Bac. (CFU/L) NA Key: BOD - Biochemical oxygen demand. COD Chemical oxygcn demand. NA - Not appicab Source: SAE 1993c. -wIm40C71.e.b93-I '2-13 recycied paper cology and n n high levels of oil, cyanide, and heavy metals, reflect the impact of the discharge of waste- water at Jinzhou City. The high suspended solids measured in the upper reach of the Daling River are a direct result of the upstream erosion problems during wet and normal flow periods. The data also indicate, however, that higher levels of COD and BOD in the river sections upstream of the City of Jincheng (location of the Jincheng Paper Mill) occur primarily during wet flow periods. Note that during these wet flow periods, COD levels downstream of Jincheng actually decrease from upstream levels by 7.3% for CODMn and 4.8% for CODCr This would appear to be very unusual, given that the City of Jincheng and the Jincheng Paper Mill contribute significant discharges to the Daling River. In fact, the Jincheng Paper Mill, located on the Daling River upstream of the proposed municipal well field development, discharges up to 55,310 m31day of industrial wastewater into the Daling River (SAE 1993e). The reason for this decrease, even though the river incurs additional pollutant loading from the city and the paper mill, is that in the lower, slower reaches of the river occars an apparent settling out of the massive amounts of suspended solids intrduced into the upstream sections of the river from the above-mentioned severe erosion during these wet or high flow periods (CRAES 1992). Further examination of the data in Tables 2-5 and 2-7 reveals that during ormal and especially dry flow periods there are significant increases in the annual average values of both CODMn. (124% to 280%, respectively) and CODCr (46% to 130%, respectively) in the downstream river sections. Because the levels of erosion-based suspended solids are significantly lower during these periods of normal and low river flow, the above-mentioned COD increases downstream of Jincheng give evidence of the pollutant loading being intr- duced into the Daling River at Jincheng. Thus, it is primarily during the wet flow periods, when tremendous amounts of eroded materials are introduced into the river, tha the COD loading at Jincheng is masked and undiscernible in the comparison of data from upstream and downstream locuaions. It is this dterioration in surface water quality that is indeed evident during normal and low flow periods, therefore, that necessitates instlation of a treatment facility at the Jincheng Paper Mill. 2-14 _ _m ~iaE& A 2.522 Groundwater Groundwater in the urban district of Jinzhou City is located mainly in the valley and stream terrace along the bankLs of the Xiaoling and Nuer rivers, covering an area of approxi- mately 101 kim2. The water-bearing stratum is a gritstone formation with a thickness of 4 to 12 meters. Above this gritstone formation is a sandy clay layer with an overburden of sandy soil. Below the aquifer is bedrock. Water supply of a single well is normally 1,000 to 3,000 m3/day. Water-bearing strata in the hill, valley, and slope area are thin, and unstable, containing very small amounts of water. Water supply of a single well in this area is less than 50 to 100 m3/day, with minimal value for providing a central water supply.. Ibe remaining groundwater resource in the region near Jinzhou can be divided into two subareas based on groundwater hydraulic conditions. The first subarea is known as a groundwater-bearing area. It is located at the top of the Daling and Xiaoling rivers alluvial fan, extending to contain the entire Xiaoling River alluvial fan. The aquifer covers an area of approximately 400 kmn2. The water-bearing stratum is made up of gritstones with a thickness of 30 to 60 meters. It is covered at the top by sandy clay and silty sandy soil formation with a thickness of 3 to 10 meters. The aqueous stratum in the river valley is directly exposed and has good water permeability. Water supply of a single well is typically 3,000 to 10,000 m3/day with capacities often reaching 10,000 to 20,000 m3/day at maximum. The second subarea is known as the double-layer water-bearing area and is located in the miiddle of the Daling River alluvial fan, covering an area of 410 km2. Ihis aquifer contains a shadow and a deep aqueous stratun. The shadow aqueous stratum is composed of deposited gritstones and has a thickness of 20 to 40 meters, the top plate of the water separation stratum being located at a depth of 10 to 20 meters. Water supply of a single well typically ranges between 5,000 and 10,000 m3/day. Tbe deep aqueous stratum is made up of gritstones and has a thickness of 20t 65 meters. ne separating confining layer is located at a depth of 50 to 80 meters and is made up of clay with a thickness of 5 to 15 meters. Water supply of a single well from the deep aqueous stratumn typically ranges from 1,000 to 5,000 m31day. ITe new water supply project for Jinzaou will be located near Ludan in the transition- al zone of the two groundwater subareas (see Figure 2-1). 2-15 recycled paper e.ology and environmnt @@:Zz~~~~LO HL A e:::eX: . ....... . . :. ....-... . . . ,.-.-. . . . . . . . . . . . .... . } _ 'I'... .. . .. . . .. . . .........* ~~~. .N. .... __... . . . . . . _. . . . . . ...................................... ........................................................ .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . L..'.'..'..'..'.'.'.'.'.'.'...................... ......' 03. .. . .......... ..I ~~.. .... ........ '.'4*.-. .................. '-.......... '--. -t.'.F . s ... ....... .... .... { if ~~~~.... ... . . s...... . . s ~ ~ ~ ~ . E _,.................. ..................... ,@,,B, =~~~~~~~~~~~~... .... SDIJR>: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .... ........L Figur &e loin CffY OF JINZHOU GROUNDWATER SUPPLY AREA 2-16 2.53 Dalian Area 2.53.1 Surface Water The Malan River, which is 14 km in length and has a drainage area of 95 kim2, constitutes the major drainageway and wastewater discharge source in the southwest part of Dalian. Water frm the Maan River is discharged to the Yellow Sea by way of Heishijiao Bight. There are currently over 100 industrial facilities that discharge into Malan River, resulting in approximately 40,000 to 50,000 tonnes of effluent per day being discharged to Heishijiao Bight. This effluent is a major discharge to the Bight and is causing pollution problems along the shoreline, which is a very popular area for tourism. The shoreline in the area serves as the location for several public recreation beaches. Offshore areas are used for harvesting kelp and other seafood products. An investigation of wvater quality in Heishijiao Bight was conducted by the Dalian Environmental Monitoring Center in 1985. Twenty-five locations in the Bight were sampled, including sediment and water, and were then compared to the National Seawater Quality Stan- dards. The investigation showed that the water quality in the Bight was generally good. Elevated levels of oil exceeding the standards near Fingshuihe are likely caused by a nearby ship yard (SAE 1993c). In addition, several water samples in the Bight had slightly elevated levels of zinc and COD, although these levels only slightly exceeded EQSSW standards. Bottom sediments, on the other hand, were severely contaminated, with results exceeding the standards for all parameters. The highest levels of contamination were near the mouth of the Malan River. The results indicated that the contamination levels decreased with distance from the river mouth. For example, areas near Xinghai Park, Lingshuiqiao, and Fujazhuang exhibited only slighty elevated contamination, while pollutant levels increased between these areas and the Malan River. The Environmenrtl Impac A sseumenf Reportfor Daian Malan Riwer Sewage Treatmen Project, prepared by Dalian University of Technology (D)UMJ details results of the monitoring and compares these results to national standards (DUT 1992). Seawater quality monitoring has also been conducted in Suoyu Bay and Jinzhou Bay. Data obtained from monitoring in Suoyu Bay indicate that inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, and coliform bacteria have increased significantly between 1987 and 1992, which is causing a state of eutrophication in Suoyu Bay. Most of this increase is attributed to increased discharges of industrial wastewater and municipal sewage into the bay. Suoyu Bay is considered the most polluted area of Dalian Bay. A detailed discussion of this analysis and 2-17 recycied paper ecology and emrnunment comparison to the National Sea Water Quality Standards is included in the E,wiromerl Inzpac Report of the 7reanent Project of the Mwuucipa Refuse from the Central Area of Dalian Cty, prepared by the Dalian University of Technology (DUT 1993). Waer quality in the general rea of the Maoyingzi Landfill project is impacted by discharges of nitrates, phenol, and metls from municipal sewage and from industries such as oil refineries, galvanizing, and acid washing (presumably of steel). Jinzhou Bay, which is near the Maoyingzi Landfill site, receives large amounts of wastewater produced by the factories and nearby villages through the Hongqi and Beida rivers. The main pollutants found in the bay are COD, oil, NO., and phosphate, most of which come from the Hongqi River (DUT 1993). Fourteen parameters were analyzed as part of the water quality monitoring conducted in Jinzhou Bay. Tbese included dissolved oxygen (DO), COD, BOD, oil, volatile phenol. NO,, nitrogen nitrate, nitrogen nitrite, cyanide, phosphate, lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic. Salinity and pH values were also analyzed. The results of the analyses show that oil content, phosphate, and inorganic nitrogen exceed the Class I standard specified by the National Seawater Quality Standards. The data also indicate that the pollutants in-crease in concenration toward the Hongqi River. 2.5.3.2 Groundwater I-our monitoring wells exist within the proposed landfill area and one exists outside of it. All five wells were sampled in June 1991 and again in 1992. Parameters selected for testing were chloride, total bacterial count, fecal colifbrm count. pH, arsenic, phenol, mercuiy, hexavalent chromium, lead, cadmium, cyanide, and fluoride. The groundwater exceeds the levels set for chloride. total bacterial count, and fecal coliform count established in the Chinese National Standards for Drinking Water. Based on these levels, the data suggest that seawater intrusion is occurring and that seepage of untreated human or animal wastes have impacted the groundwater. All three parameters that exceed drinking water standards showed increases between 1991 and 1992. When compared to 1987 results, chloride bas decreased slightly, while total bacteria, fecal coliform, and fluoride levels all increased. Because of the bacterial contammation noted above, the groundwater is not used for drinking and the local population is served by city water derived from the Biliuhe 2-18 Reservoir located 200 km northeast of Dalian. The nearest identified drinking water well is 7 km from Dalian. 2.6 BASELINSE AIR QUALITY IN BENXI The City of Benxi has the most significantly impacted air quality in Liaoning Province, as well as the whole of China. It is for this reason that the LEPII includes an Air Pollution Abatement (APA) program for Benxi. Data collected from 1986 to 1990 (Benxi EPB 1986) indicates that the major pollutants of concern in the Benxi area are pzrticulates and S02. Annual ambient air quality particulate and S02 concentrations for seven meteorological air quality monitoring stations around the City of Benxi (see Figure 2-2 for locations) from 1986 to 1990 are shown in Table 2-8. Appendix A contains the air quality standards established by the PRC. These standards are the basis for comparison for air quality in Benxi and all of Liaoning. These ambient air quality numbers vary significantly, depending on the season and on the locations of the six meteorological air quality staions. The seasonal variations in ambient air quality for TSP and S% are shown in Tables 2-9 and 2-10, respectively. The most pronounced seasonal variation for TSP and SO% occurs during the winter, when TSP concentrations more than double and S02 concentrations increase by a factor of 10 .'or the seasonal arithmetic average, when compared to spring and summer concentrations. This seasonal variation is most likely due to temperature inversions, which restrict air pollutants from dispersing upward during winter. The increased use of wal for residential heating during the long winters in Beuxi can compound this problem for as long as six ijiunths. The highest concentrations of S02 and particulates are recorded in the !eavy industrial areas. Environmental monitoring data for particulates and SC' from the seven air monitor- hg stations indicate ;hai rie industrial districts of Xihu, Chaitun, and Nandi (stations 1, 2, and 3) and the Dongfen district (station 6) are the most polluted areas in the city. The Dongfen area is downwind of the heavily industrialized districts; therefore, the air quality in the district, as in the residential district (station 5), is direc^Jy influenced by emissions from industrial sources. Thus, the ambient air quality baseline data for 1990 are as follows: * 0.39 mg/m3 average particulate concentraticli; and * 0.16 mg/m3 average SO2 concenration. 2-19 _UUMMD6y 4LEAyA4FV3.FI recycied paper ecolotgt and envwiznmens KEY: 1. RISC No.1 Iron Plant 5. BlSC PoerPlnnt 9. BlSC limetneoUI )Ghu Fatoy) (Gongyan Fauy) 10. Shenyang Cool Minfrig 2. Breni Cement Plant 6. RISC No.2 Stel Plnt (lnxi Drench) 3. RISC No.1 Steel Plant . 7. BISC No.2 Iron Plant 11. Propoaad Centrd Helg 4. BISC Colding Plant (Gongyuan Faciy) Projct flewal Powr (Gnguon Facy) 8. Gongyfuan Ceoent Plant Station Loaion 0 Factoas @3 Air Monatouing Location. - RairoaFc Armm SCALE 0 400 800 1600 Meters I~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~A I Figure 2-2 BENXI CITY SITE MAP: FACTORIES AND AIR MONITORING LOCATIONS 2-2(1 Pagc I of I Table 2-8 AVERAGE ANNUAL TSP AND SO2 CONCENTRATIONS IN THE CITY OF BENXI" 1986 - 1990 (mg/m3) Year S02 TSP 1986 0.22 0.49 1997 0.28 0.57 1988 0.12 0.39 1989 0.21 0.63 L199 0.16 0.39 ainfom0tion presented is for Stations 1-6. Station 7 data is excluded. Source: Bcnxi EPB 1990. 2-21 ryLU cI D nMpaeDI recycled pliper elobgv *nd enuonmfl Pagc 1 of I Table 2-9 1990 AMBIENT AIR CONCENTRATIONS OF TSP BY SEASON (mg/m3) IN THE CITY OF BENXI I I I r r Anrual Arithmetic Station Numbaer Spring Summer Autumn Winttr Aemge 1 0.41 0.3 0.61 0.58 0.51 2 0.32 0.40 0.60 0.59 0.48 3 0.21 0.07 0.34 0.76 0.34 4 0.25m 0.0 0.16 0.42 0.23 - 0.12 0.09 0.24 0.49 0.25 6 0.34 0.28 0.33 1.04 0.50 7 0_11 0.06 0.12 0.66 0.24 Seasonal Arithmetic Avage 0.26 0.20 0.34 0.65 0.36 a Rcfaences air monitoring staion locations shown in Figure 2-2. Stations 1. 2. nd 3 represent industrial azs; staions 4 and 5 represent mostly rcsidential arcas; station 6 represens industrial. residcntial. and dcnsc traffic; and station 7 reprcsnts backgrund data. t u.mi pcn4?msA3~n2 2-22 Pagc I of I Table 2-10 1990 AMBIENT AIR CONCENTRATIONS OF SO2 BY SEASON IN THE CITY OF BENI (n qM3) Sulil Numbul Spring Summer Autun Winr A I 0.10 0.03 0.07 0.42 0.15 2 0.03 0.05 0.10 0.4 0.17 3 0.03 0.02 0.13 0.45 0.16 4 0.03 0.02 0.07 0.52 0.16 5 0.03 0.03 0.04 054 0.16 6 0.06 0.03 0.09 0.54 0.18 7 0.02 0-03 0.08 0.45 0.14 Scasonal Auidunctc Avcrgc 0.05 0.03 0.08 0.48 0.16 a Rcfrcnca ar mom:ionng sna baon oaton own in Figum 2-2. 2-23 recycied paper ecology and envionment The above numbers were generated using the six monitoring stations data that most likely represent the arithmetic average ambient air concentration levels to which Benxi residents are typically exposed (e.g., monitoring stations I through 6). The main contributor to both particulate and S02 emissions in the Benxi area is the combustion of coal, although the production of cement and lime, and mining also contribute to these air emissions. Industries and residences in the city of Benxi burn approximately 7.5 million tonnes of coal per year. Of the 7.5 million tonnes of coal buned, 0.5 million tonnes per year are used for residential beating and cooking and 7.( million tonnes per year are used by industry. Benxi's main industries are distributed over seven industrial trades. These include: * Metallurgy (i.e., iron and steel manufacture); * Building materials (i.e., cement and lime production); * Chemicz1 manufactrng; * Coal mining; * Textiles; - Light industrial; and * Machinery. The majority of the industries are concentated in the first three trades: metallurgy, building materials, and chemical manufaring. Geographically, most of the factories are located in the city's Pingshan, Gongyuan, and Xihu districts and thrir estimat eissions (major sources) are shown in Table 2-11. Major facilities contributing to particulate and S02 emissions (m decreasing order) are as follows: * BISC's Gongyuan Industrial Area of which the coking ovens, blast 'furace area, and basic oxygen furnace (BOF) area have the highest emissions. (See Sites 3 through 7 on Figure 2-2 for locations.) * BISC's Xihu lndustrial Area of which the blast furnace and coling oven area have the highest emissions. (See Site I on Figure 2-2 for location.) mwmmE can .ewIdJ.FI 2-24 Page I of 3 Table 2-11 TIIE MAJOR AIR POLLUTION SOURCES OF BENXI FOR TIIE YEAR 1991 I _ Parikulate Fugklve Total Coal Flue Gas So2 Emission Parikulate Parikulate Consumption Emission Emission From Stsek Emision Emision Pollutant Sources (I) (10,000 Nm3(7__ _ I (_ ) (_ _ BISC No. I Steel Plant 1,005,870,000 .. 943 943 BISC No. 2 Steel Plant .. 2,349,480,000 95 74 6.470 6,544 BISC Xihu Iron Plant 713.659 IO,108,150,000 3,359 82 16,787 16,869 BISC Congyuani Iron Plant 330,566 23,301,060,000 26,057 .. 3,306 3,306 N 1ISC Power Plant 1.513,608 25,772.720,000 3. 000a 26,239 - 26,239 RISC Congyuan Coking Plani 2,223,593 2,134,880,000 34 84 3,095 8,179 BISC Rolling Plant - 576,990,000 242 110 - 110 DISC Continue Rolling Plant - 1,249,910,000 3,150 251 - 251 RISC Machine Repair Plant 11,532 433,790,000 570 130 32 212 9ISC Refractory Plant 12,293 168,400,000 417 44 21 65 BISC Heating Boilers of Company 69,000 479.550,000 1,449 649 - 649 Gongyuan Cement Plant 168,900 3,696,720,000 5,355 132 16,5SI 16,683 Benxi Cement Plant 266,400 6,348,480,000 7,287 233 32,241 32,474 Benxi No. 3 Cement Plant 12,739 431,3W0,000 497 20 391 911 Benxi Alloy Plant 12,901 336,800,000 477 98 221 319 Key at end or table. &2:LU2I.D4?l?47*MDI Page 2of3 Table 2-11 TIlE MAJOR AIR POLLUTION SOURCES OF BENXI FOR TIlE YEAR I991 1 .f- . _ -- - Partkulate Fugilve Tot_ Coal Flue Gas So2 Emision Particulite Partkulate Consumption Embsion Emission From Stock Emissio Emission Pollutant Sources (T) (10,000 Nm3) (T) (1) () (1) Healing Boiler of Benxi [louse 70,673 496,180 000 1,454 459 459 DeparMment Bcnxi Organic Chcmic2l Plant 9,382 149,230.000 1,033 22 _ 22 Benxi Chemical Plant 10,566 81,270,000 507 91 - 91 Bcnxi Rubber and Chemical Plant 11,129 93,310,000 507 96 - 96 Benxi Chemical Plant 13,754 240,480,000 289 186 - 186 Benxi Chemical Ferlilizer Plant 46,500 347,770,000 976 218 - 21J Benxi Silk Fabric PlAnt 22,901 159,160,000 481 10J_ 108 Benxi Stecl Pipe Plant 2,574 113,880,000 54 ISI - 181 Benxi Truck Factory 7,822 66,390,000 193 55 65 120 Coal Mining in Bcnxi Area 48,9001 319,450,000 2,049 635 - 635 Total Major Sources 5.580,0001 80.470.000,000 94,400 30,200 85,700 115,900 Key at end of table. n:LUI NW-D42"t474AlDI Page 3 o 3 Table -11I TIE MAJOR AIR POLLUTION SOURCES OF BENXI FOR TIlE YEAR 1991 B ra~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Prikulbte Fugitive Totlal Coll Flue Gas S03 Embisin Partkulate PartkulAte Constimption Emission Emission From Slack Emission Emission Polluiant Sources (T) (tO,O0C Nm31 (I) (T) () (T) rBenxi City Total T @7,500,000 | 99.340 000,000 1 144000b| 70,20O IT 158,good T 229,000d a Based on data available in the Benxi Power Plant Environmcntal Situalion Rcport (Benxi Powet Plant Project orfice). assuming average sulfur cnntent of coal as 1.5% and inorganic/organic sulrur ratio as 15%1S5%. b Assumcs an avcrage sulfur content of coal as 2.2% and inorganic/organic ratio as 15%IB5%. C Assumes an average particulate slack emission of 1.9% after the total coal consumption related to particulate emissions is adjusled (e.g., no stack parliculate emission from the BISC Congyuan Coking Plant and the existing slack particulate emissions from Ihe BISC Power Plant will be signiricanily reduced because of the ESP equipment being implemented). 4 td Adjusted based on total and parilculate subproject impact calculalions for Benxi Cily. Notes: The values *re oblained ak ltandard condilion at T = 25'C P = I *Im. The selling dust of Benxi Cnc ent Plant is 119 Tlday km2. The major Air pollution sources are located in downtown Benxi City. Key: - Informantion is not available on this ilem at this time. Source: Benxi EPB 1992; Benxi Power Plant Environmenlal Silualion Report. 3 @2 LuI9.rO4*D2?C?5DI * The Benxi Cement Plant adjacent to the proposed central heating project location had large amounts of stack emissions, even though the cunent facility incorporates electrostatic precipitators for all three clinker production units. (See Site 2 on Figure 2-2 for location.) * The Gongyuan Cement Plant, located behind the BISC Gongyuan Factory, is also a major contributor to visual particulate emissions. (See Site 8 on Figure 2-2 for location.) BISC's Gongyuan Factory area is the largest iron and steel industrial area in Benxi. BISC's Gongyuan and Xihu industrial areas employ approximately 200,000 people. Based on 1990 monitoring data, includ.ng BISC's Gongyuan and Xihu iron and steel areas, coking plants, power plants, and the Benxi and Gongyuan cement plants, the annual discharge of S02 from the two industrial areas is 82,000 tonnes, which amounts to 57% of the total S02 emiisions from the city. Total particulate emissions are 105,000 tonnes per year, which amounts to 46% of the city's total particulate emissions. The single largest contributor to the pollutant emissions released by the BISC factories is the BISC Power Plant. The BISC Power Plant released approximately 38,000 tonnes of SO2 and 26,239 tonnes of particulates in 1991. These numbers represent 50% of the total SO2 and 40% of the total particulate emitted by the BISC factories. The BISC Power Plant has 1; boilers now in operation and two additional boilers were expected to have been operational by the end of 1992. Three boilers were equipped with electrostatic precipi- tators (ESPs) in 1985 and one in 1990 to improve particulate air pollution control capabilities. Four additional ESPs were expected to have been insalled and operational by the second half of 1992. The remaining boilers are expected to be equipped with ESPs by the end of 1993. Design removal efficiency of the ESPs is estimated at 98%. It is expected that particulate emissions will be reduced from 25.7 kilotonnes per year (ktWyr) from the BISC Power Plant to 0.5 kt/yr upon completion of the dust control project. This is a total reduction of 25.2 ktWyr from the operation of the ESPs. This will result in a 11.0% redaction of particulate emissions from the entire city. The coling plants of the Gongyuan area and the blast furnace plants of the Gongyuan and Xihu areas are also large contributors to the emissions of SO2 and particulates in Benxi. The Benxi Cement Plant is the next largest source of air pollutants in the ciy second only to the B'SC Gongyuan, and Xihu factories. The plant discharges 7,300 tonnes of SO2 annually and 32,500 tonnes of particulates. A particulate control project at Benxi Cement Plant is 2-28 Lma_4EDA1ilF currently under way. Substantial reduction in particulate emission is expected upon comple- tion of the project. The next largest source of air pollutants in Benxi is the Gongyuan Cement Plant. The annual discharge of S02 from the plant is 5,300 tonnes and total particulate emissions are 16,551 tonnes. The emission reduction projects currently being implemented within the City of Benxi will affect ambient air concentrations, but are not part of the LEPII. The only impact anticipated from implementation of these air pollution controls will be the reduction of 25.2 kt of particulate when the BISC power plant retrofits all existing boilers with ESPs by the year 1993. Because the BISC Power Plant ESP retrofit is currently being implemented, its impact on ambient air concentrations is considered in determining the ambient air quality baseline. Thus, to establish an air quality baseline from which impacts for the proposed program can be judged, a ratio of 25.2 kt to 229 kt (total city particulate emissions) or a reduction of 11% must be subtracted from the 1990 ambient air quality particulate concentration of 0.39 mg/m3. Thus, the ambient air quality baseline for particulate is established at 0.35 mglm3. The underlying assumption is that, because of the topography of the Benxi area (i.e., its bowl configuration), a bubble concept is applicable for the City of Benxi. The bubble concept is a means of evaluating air emissions in a given geographical area (e.g., single manufacturing facility, town, city, regional, or global area). This evaluation process places an imaginary bubble over the geographical area of concern and evaluates all air emissions within the area as a whole instead of on a point-by-point basis. This assumption is supported by the existing meteorological data and documentation (e.g., still photos and video tapes) made by E & E personnel on four visits to vantage locations in or near the City of Benxi. (Note: Data from 1990 were chosen as the baseline year because this was the most recent data published for the six air monitoring stations- Data from station 7 were excluded because this site represents background data.) In addition, the BISC Power Plant particulate reduction program addresses approximately 15 boilers, which are medium-sized boilers that produce less than 240 tonnes per hour of steam and have stacks relatively equal in height. The 15 boilers are located in two areas, and the particulate dispersement in these areas is assumed to be applicable to the use of the aforementioned bubble concept. Taking into account the pollution reduction resulting from the ongoing BISC Power Plant particulate reduction program, the baseline ambient air quality concentrations are 0.35 mg/m3 for particulate concentration and 0.16 mg/m3 for SO2 concentration. 2-29 recycied paper ecolog and cnvwonm-no 3. HUN-TAIZI RIVER BASIN COMPONENTS OF LEPI The current municipal wastewater treatment facilities in the Hun-Taizi River Basin are inadequate and, as a result, varying levels of surface and groundwater contamination exist in Anshan, Benxi, and FusSun. Development of additional water supplies is becoming exceed- ingly difficult and expensive. Therefore, the municipal wastewater treatment systems in this area must be upgraded in order to ensure an adequate supply of water at a reasonable cost. 3.1 ANSHAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND RECOVERY Ihe City.of Anshan is located within the Hun-Taizi River Basin, which is centrally located in Liaoning Province in northeast China. The main purpose of the wastewater treatment plant is to reduce the water pollution problem in Anshan and provide additional water supplies for industrial reuse (SAE 1993a). This proposed component will consist of constructing a wastewater treatment plant at the confluence of two existing open channel interceptors, the Naihuo Bei Gou and the Shaojie Nan Gou, which flow into the Xi Da Gou channel at this point (see Figure 3-1). lhe Xi Da Gou is one of four major channels that discharge into the Yunliang River, a tributary of the Taizi River. The Anshan wastewater treatment plant, which will be located on a site of approximately 15 hectares (or 150,000 square meters), will be designed to provide primary treatment with chemical addition to enhmance solids removal, including heavy metals and associated oil (see Figure 3-2). 'The plant will also include sludge dewatering facilities. After primary treatment, the proposed design will provide additional treatment using the dissolved air flotation process, followed by filtration. The wastewater to be treated at the proposed Anshan plant would be largely from industrial sources and would contain high suspended 3-1 rLcUy pap Er9&dvowFI rsecycId paper eeb6Jg ad ~nmU.nem U.b *W.d ~*' J J Fgure 3-1 ANSHAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROPOSED FACILTES .~~~~~~~~~OON PONDS -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I U 0~~~~~~A I I~~~~~~~~~~~~e am~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a .~~~~~ ' - 9~~~ X~1 2 2,S5 : W XX g . E ! 2 ! ) recycied paper ecology and envirnment 3-3~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- solids, low BOD5, low COD, and elevated levels of oil, total salts, hardness, heavy metals, and other organics. It is proposed that once the wastewater is treated, it will be recycled for reuse within the Anshan Iron and Steel Complex (ANGANG), or discharged by a gravity flow 1.5-meter-diameter concrete reinforced pipeline to the adjacer,t Xi Da Gou approximately 500 meters from the plant. Discharge to the Xi Da Gou is expected to be infrequent, and will occur only at times when there is a low water demand at ANGANG. The proposed wastewater treatment plant also provides that the Naihuo Bei Gou and Shaojie Nan Gou channels will be converted from existing earthen channels to covered concrete channels for wastewater conveyance (see Figure 3-1). Each tributary interceptor will consist of a twin-celled concrete box, each cell having internal dimensions of 2 meters by 2 meters. The two channels will meet at a common point approximately 60 meters north of the Xi Da Gou confluence. From this point, they will extend westerly for approxnimately 650 meters to the proposed Anshan wastewater treatment plant. The north interceptor (Naihuo Bei Gou) will connect to an existing twin-celled concrete box culvert at its north end for a total length from the treatment plant boundary of 1,920 meters. The south interceptor (Shaojie Nan Gou) will tie in to an existing culvert at its south end for a total length from the treatment plant boundary of 1,950 meters. As stated above, the proposed wastewater treatment plant will, depending on water demand, return all treated effluent to the ANGANG mill works. The proposed return pipeline will be instaUed adjacent to the north interceptor, and will convey the treated wastewater (approximately 220,000 cubic meters per day Im3iday]) to ANGANG's factory cooling ponds located approximately 1,500 metas from the proposed wastewater treatment plant (see Figure 3-1). Distribution throughout the factory complex will occur via the central location of these ponds. Reuse areas within the plant include blast and open hearth furnaces, and sted quenching operations. 3.1.1 Alternatives for Anshan Wastewater Treatment Component Process alternatives for wastewater treatment at Anshan examined by the design institutes included individual source treatment, biological treatment, and Land treatment, none of which were considered feasible. Individual source treatment, in general, would require higher capital investment as well as higher operational costs. In addition, individual source 3-4 XLIrn6 DC7. EA4 treatment would not likely achieve the treatment efficiency of a centralized plant. Biological treatrnent was examined as a process alternative. However, this method was considered ippropriate for the treatment system at Anshan because the makeup of the waste stream (i.e., mainly solids and oils) does not lend itself to this method of treatment. Land treatment would require extensive conversion of land and could result in degradation of groundwater. In addition the proposed chemical assistance to enhance solids removal is a more efficient method than land treatment. A suitable alternative plant site was examined on the Xi Da Gou approximately 2.5 km downstream from the proposed site. However, the project includes conversion of the existing earthen channels of the Naihuo Bie Gou and the Shaojie Nan Gou to covered concrete channels, and installation of a water reuse pipeline from the treatment plant to ANGANG's facility. Because the alternative site would require an additional 2.5 km of covered channel (of the Xi Da Gou) and water reuse pipeline, this alternative was determined to be less feasible than the proposed site. 3.2 BENXI WASTEWATER TREATMENT The City of Benxi is situated on the Taizi River, direcdy upstream of the Shenwo Reservoir and approximately 40 kilometers (kn) downstrcam of th. Guanyenge Reservoir. At this time, the City of Benxi discharges all wastewater, which is mainly untreated, directly to the Taizi River via numerous river tributaries and open ditches. The proposed municipal wastewater treatment project for which World Bank funding is being ought consists of a sewage collection system or wastewater interceptor and a wastewater treatment plant This municipal wastewater treatment system will be constructed to treat an approxi- mately 50150 mix of domesticlindustial wastewater. A second wastewater eament plant and associated interceptor will be constructed to treat the heavy industia flows from the Benxi Iron and Steel Works, the nearby cement plant and other contiguous industries in southwest Benxi along the Taizi River. Note that this industrial wastewae treatment system is no a part of LEP H. As shown in Figure 3-3, the municipal wastewater interceptor will collect domestic wastewater flows beginning from the Helin Gou at its confluence with the Taizi River. From this point, the interceptor will be located parallel to and within the undeveloped floodplain on the south side of the Taizi River for approximately 6.14 km to an intersection with the recycbd papera *~W i ndl35 recycled paper mo **~~~*.** ~ ~ ~ ~ -*--~~~~-\i~~~:j~~~§ . - *,. 4~~! Y 'W" ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~'~ I .~~~~~~~~~z ;W A * - :..n. T.P-I~/ * . HnoiL U'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Ni~~~~~~~~~~~~i... a JA-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ J.- Patun ~ ~ ~ yJ ~W..TP CITY OF BENXI UNIr'IPAL MNT RCEPA NtaRro V~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Cuidong Gou. At this point, the interceptor-will cross the Taizi River and remain within and parallel to the north floodplain of the river for approximately 6.23 kan. terminating at a proposed pump station that will be situated approximately 500 to 1,000 meters from the proposed treatnent plant (SAE 1993b). lTbe total length of the interceptor will be approximately 12.37 km. Recommended design parameters indicate that the interceptor diameter should range from 1.0 meter to 2.5 meters, depending on capacity requirements as each branch sewer enters the proposed interceptor. Table 3-1 illustrates these size requirements by interceptor section between the individual inflows. In addition to the interceptor sewer, the existing municipal branch collector sewers will need to be expanded and improved. 'he existing open channel tributaries prescntly serve as branch sewage collectors (see Figure 3-3). These drainage channels collect water from catchmnent areas ranging in size from 0.4 kn2 to 55 km2. Tnose drainage channels serving the larger catchment areas are proposed to have branch collector sewers constructed parallel to the existing opeo channels. Ihis will allow separtion of stormwater to the open chatnds and sewage to the collector sewers. Some open channels will remain as sewage collectors and will drain to the proposed interceptor at the Taizi River. Four collector sewers are planned for funding with this proposal and include the Zhangjapuzi Gou, Xihu Gou, Cuidong Gou, and Shui Ni collector. The proposed municipal wastewater treatment plant for Benxi will be limited to primary treatment The plant will be designed to treat an average flow of 300,000 m3/day ivith a peak flow of 600,0GG m3/day. An associated pump station will be constructed to accommodate up to 600,000 m3/day of sewage flow. There will also be screening and degritting, primary clarifying, sludge dewatering, and chemical addition facilities associa with the overall wastewatcr teatment construction. The chem:cal addition facilities will consist of alum storage, piumping, and metering facilities to provide enhanced primary clarification and sludge conditioning. Sludge produc- tion is anticipated to be approximately 50 tonneslday dry solids a 20% solids content by weight. The feasibility study states that all screenings, grits. and dewatered sludge will be disposed of to a properly designed and secured landfill (SAE 1993b). WLWunia77.R~A4mi93l 3-7 recycled paper cogyp .nd environment Page I of I Table 3-1 BENXI MUNICIPAL INTERCEPTOR SIZES Full Pipe Length Gradient Dlimeter CaF,adty Desn Flow Number Section (mete"s) (%) (meters) (m /day) (m /day) l _ Hejin (o Zhangjiapuzi 617 0.15 1.0 75,000 60,345 2 Zhangjispuzi to Dengang Water Intake 742 0.19 1.5 247,200 214,420 3 Benging Water Intake to Xihu 1,036 0.19 2.5 247,200 214,420 4 Xihu In Chemical Factory Outfall SIS 0.05 2.0 356,100 330.770 5 Chemical Factory OutfIll to Dongfen 228 0.085 2.0 356,100 348.305 6 Dongtcn to Xiren 840 0.09 2.0 366,400 363,465 | 7 Xifen to eidi 940 0.1 2.2 493,000 396,525 8 Oeidi to Pingshan 400 0.1 2.2 498,000 414,375 9 Pingahan lo Cuidong (and Qibnjin) 922 0.1 2.4 629,000 601,765 10 Cuidong lo Shui Ni (inverted siphon) 420 0.59 2 x 1.4 720,000 681,180 I I Shul Ni to Chaitun 337 0.1 2.3 - 600,000 12 Chailun to Zhengjia Chemical OuttiU 1,409 0.1 2.4 600,0 |13 Zhcngjia Chemical Out rall to Zhengliatuw' 3,335 0 1 2 5 - 600,000 14 Zhengijatun to Pump Stlation 731 0 01 2 5 626,000 600,000 Soume: Stinky Asiocilates Engineering Ltd., LEP Ciky or Benxi Wastewater TreAtmern .'wsibilhy Study 1992. O2:LUI§04 2u71747n2DI The proposed municipal wastewater treatment plant will be located on a lowland location within the Taizi River floodplain (see Figure 3-3). The plant will require a site of approximately 22.1 hectares (see Figure 3-4). 3.2.1 Alternatives for Benxi Wastewater Treatment Plant Component Process alternatives for wastewater treatment in Benxi examined by the design institutes included individual source treatment, biological treatment, and land treatment, none of which were considered feasible. Individual source treatnent, in general, was not a consideration in Benxi. As stated above, it is MJready planned that the largest industries in Benxi will discharge their wastewaters to a separate industrial wastewater treatment system. In addition, a system of treating each domestic source separately would not provide treatment sufficient to meet that provided by the proposed system and would not be significantly different from the system already in place (i.e., septic tank treatment and night soil rermoval). Stabilization pond treatment would require thousands of hectares of currently unavailable land because of the retention time required to hold and treat the effluent. This method would also be precluded by the low average ambient temperatures in this area during much of the year, which would result in significantly reduced biological activity of the wastewater in these ponds. This reduced biological activity would be further compounded by the low proportion of biodegradable material in the wastewater and the presence of toxic materials in the wastewater that would further inhibit the necessary level of biological activity. Land treatment would also require exrtensive conversion of land and could result in degrada- tion of groundwater. Both chemical and biological treatment options have been evaluated. Biological treatment was not chosen because of the low average ambient temperature and the low organic concentration in the wastewater. The proposed site was chosen because of the availability of a parcel of land large enough to accommodate tŽ . proposed plant and possible plant expansions. Although the site is more than a kcilometer beyond the west end of the Benxi wastewater collection area, no closer location existed that could meet the siting requirements for size and centralization because of the steep topography that surrounds the area. 3-9 w.*umI Danat A4MM93FI recycled paper ecoelgy and mwvinnu.w- 01-s *2 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 rn ~ r- mm~~~~~ r I H ~~~~~~~~~~ a!~~~ -ib~W I ~ L- -- - ---- - - - - - - - - 1 -'C,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~L (a I A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~L 3.3 FUSHIUN WASTEWATER TREATMENT The City of Fushun is situated on the Hun River, approximately 50 km upstream of Shenyang, the capital of Liaoning Province, and immediately downstream of Dahuofang Reservoir, a major flood attenuation and water supply storage reservoir (SAE 1993c). Fushun is heavily industrialized and the majority of wastewater generated in the city is from industrial sources. Fushun has over 1,100 industrial sources located within the city, representing 45 different industrial sectors. Of the total wastewater flow generated in 1990, 84% (745,000 m3/day) is from these industrial sources. Of the total wastewater flow, approximately 55.3g% is discharged directy into the Hun River, 7.1% is discharged into the Dahuofang Reservoir, and 37.6% is directed to the Shenfu Irrigation Canal. The Shenfu Canal runs from east to west and conveys untreated municipal and industrial wastewater to irrigate approximately 10,000 hectares of farmland. This proposed wastewater treatment component will result in improvements in water quality within the urban area of Fushun as wdl as other areas downstream along the Hun River. It is anticipated that, following proposed treatnent, water quality can meet the National Class ID water quality standards upstream and Class IV standards downstream of the Yong-an Bridge. The proposed treatment plant will also result in an improvement in irrigation water quality in the Shenfu Canal, which will reduce the amounts of pollutants being transferred to agricultural fields during irrigation (LEPSRI 1992a). The wastewater treatment project for which World Bank funding is being sought consists of a proposed municipal wastewater treamnt plant and associated interceptor sewers. Idustrial wastewater is often not able to be effectively or economically treated by processes more ideally suited for the treatment of domestic wastewauer. It is currently anticipated that the proposed municipal wastewater treatment plant can effectively treat a wastestream with a 50/50 domesticlindustrial wastewater mix. Presently, the ratio of domestic to industial wastewater is approximately 2515. Therefore, 20 major Fushun industries have been selected, on the basis of their financial and structural capability, to treat their own wastewater in order to lower the industrial wastewater component from 75% to the treatable 50%. These industries currently produce 32% of the total wastewater output and will discharge their effluent into an industrial wastewater interceptor that will discharge direedy into the Shenfu Irrigation Canal, bypassing the proposed wastewater treatment plant. Some of this interceptor currently exists, and some of it is stil in the proposal stage. The balance of the wastewater in eULMMDar"2t7o E .4XClI 3-11 recycied paper emobgy md nvironnwnt Fushun will be collected in a new municipal interceptor and transported to the new municipal wastewater treatment plant. The proposed municipal wastewater interceptor collector system will begin at the proposed municipal wastewater treatnent plant in Sanbaotun. It will extend easterly along the south bank of the Hun River, parallel to and north of the existing interceptor for a distance of 14.74 kilometers, where it will interconnect with the existing interceptor (see Figure 3-5). This proposed municipal wastewater interceptor will then incorporate the existing interceptor along the Hun River for approximately 11.12 km. A short 0.4-km section will then be constructed across the Dongzhou River to a proposed pump station. The total length of the municipal wastewater interceptor for this phase of construction will be approximately 26.26 km. Recommended design parameters indicate the interceptor diameter as shown in Table 3-2. The new interceptor sewer capacity will allow for peak flows in lrvh domestic and industrial areas and stormnwater flows. The interceptor will accommodate a maximum capacity of 2.4 times dry season flows at entry to the treatment plant, or 1,142,530 m3/day. In addition to the main interceptor sewer, the existing municipal branch collector sewers will need expansion and improvement. Four collector sewers and three associated pump stations are planned for incorporation into this proposal. This system is shown in Figure 3-5. -As noted above, an industial wastewater interceptor will be constucted to collect wastewater discharges from 20 major industrial aciities, which currently produce 32% of the total wastewater flow in Fushun. The proposed industrial interceptor, as shown in Figure 3-6, will use as much of the existing interceptor system in Fushun as possible. Design parameters are shown in Table 3-2. In the western portion of the proposed system, an existing open earthen channel that presently flows into the Shenfu irrigation canal will be converted to an open concrete-lined channel for a distance of 3.4 km. Upstream of this section, the existing wastewater interceptor will remain in place for the next 11.6 km. Following this section, the Yulin Canal, which is a 3.324-n old brick arch chanmel accommo- dating existing wastewater flows, will be removed and the new industra wastwater interceptor will be installed within the same alignment. The industria wastewater interceptor will then paralle the existing interceptor for 5.1 km. A 3.77-km diversion from the existing aligment will then be necessary between discharge nodes to avoid undermining problems that have been occurring along the existing interceptor. Following this diversion, the existing 3-12 w D _E4~IJ. .;. ,7 . s j 9.. -.% ,, ,,i; j 1 v t~v PROPOSED STIRDEPTOn .69 OFLO CAPACffYI U tOWx Now ur X ISaT' INTIPMGPT0N PROPOSEO COULECTOR SEWiERS ___ FUflRE INTERCEPTORMOlECTDR woPROPOE MJW STAMMO i.. EWERSNOTAPAATOFPPIE8ENT X _~~~~~~~~~~RH PRODSASSPOSAL Moo EX*TtHO PUMP STATION ,. DESI FLOW INtT ()di 1vOC 3OURCL' SW* A8M r*WVI LU., LEP CaIY d FtNhuf Wutlmr TrsatWO Fumbity I M92. Flgure 3-5 CITY OF FUSHUN MUNICIPAL INTERCEPTOR SYSTEM Page 1 of I Table 3-2 FUSHUN MUNICIPAL INTERCEPTOR _Fusl lipe Des Fbw Legth Gradiest Capadly (w1/d:yx Seets (m) () (met) (mu3daj x 1,000) 1,000) 4 - West side of river 040 Pumped 2 x dia_ er 600 > 100 (pumped) 90.79 Wet side of river- -5 133 0.085 15 x 1.5' 2105 90.79 5 - 6' 6.39 0.10 1.6 x 1.6' 271.2 160.55 6 - 7 0.7 0.10 1.8 Diam 292 167.68 7 - s 2.0 0.10 1.S Diamet 292 273.43 B - 9' 0.7 0.10 1.8 Diamcte 292 328.74 9 - 20 1.12 0.067 2.6 x 1.9 664 494.70 10 - 11 0.9 0.075 2.S x 2.0 S30 594.56 11 - 12 2.5 0.075 2.8 x 2.0 330 753.63 12 - 13 0.7 0.075 2i x 2.0 130 766.32 13 - 14 1.1 0.075 2. x 2.0 U30 786.S4 14 - 15 0.4 0.25 3.0 x 2.0 1,317 815.21 1S - 1SA 4.42 0.056 2 x 2.4 x 2.0 1.157 1.027.93 1SA - 16b 2.5 0.056 3.6 x 3.7 1.081 1,027.93 16- 17b 0.5 0.0S6 3.6 x 3.7 1.0S1 1,076.39 17 - lSb 0.6 0.037 4.0 x 4.0 1.142 1,142MS3 a These scdoas corcpondto put of the existing Intrceptor in Fusbum, A to C to D. so no new constwuioa in b From point ISA to 18 (Twaunt Pla). the new icneeptor wil bc an unacovredu cone box chanld. Capackie for theme sctbom will be for fow depths of about 2.1 to 2.3 mecm. asowing fiecboard heibhs of appioximady 1.5 mntcre. Source: Stanley Associatcs Engieering Ltd., LEP City of Fushun Wastewater Tcatmat Feasibility Study 1992. 3-14 m .Lnmemn.n4l.I NORt %.,I :. . ~~ L a aA 'I 'A UGINO~~~~~~~ wm PROPOSED IKTECIEPOR INODE NUMBrER owmo uXIStlNG INTRCIFPTO0 ( 6 .DISICN FLOW INPUT EF ! O31SICN IlOW CAPACOTY acE s INOUSTRIIS TO TREAT 1T1IR OWN WASTIWATIR SOURCE: Swany Asscciuim E,,gkwfng W., LEP Clhy of tutu Wut.w TtiauiwtD Fsbity SW 1992. Figure 3-6 CITY OF FUSHUN INDUSTRIAL INTERCEPTOR SYSTEM interceptor will then be used (as is) for 1.92 km to its termination. The total length of new construction required for the industrial wastewater interceptor and associated branch collector sewers will be 15.59 km and 8.42 Ikm, respectively (see Table 3-3). The entire wastewater interceptor system proposed for Fushun, including both municipal and industrial wastewater systems, is shown in Figure 3-7. The system shown in this figure includes the facilities proposed for I EPII, in addition to proposed facilities for the municipal wastewater interceptor system. The proposed municipal wastewater treatment plant for Fushun will be designed to provide primary treatnent with chemical addition to enhanced removal of solids, BODS, and heavy metals removal. Primary sludge dewatering facilities will also be provided. The Phase I plant (i.e., the stage of the plant being funded by the World Bank) will be designed to treat an average flow of 250,000 m3/day with a nominal peak flow of 1,000,000 m3/day. An associated pump station will be constructed that can accommodate up to 1,000,000 m3/day of sewage flow. Screening and degritting, and primary clarifying facilities designed to treat peak flows of 500,000 m31day will also be associated with the overall municipal wastewater treatment plant construction. Sludge dewatering and chemical addition facilities will be provided to handle an average design flow of 250,000 m3/day. Note dLat after completion of phases 2, 3, and 4, which are not a part of LEP II, primary treatment would be in place to treat peak flows of 1,000,000 m3/day. Secondary treatment would also be in place to up tO 500,000 m31day with the remainder of the effluent being bypassed following primary treatment, screening and degritting, and primary clarification. The chemical addition facilities will consist of alum storage, pumping, and metering facilities to provide enhanced primary clarification and sludge conditioning. Sludge production under Phase I is anticipated to be approximately 40 tonnes/day dry solids at 20% solids content by weight. The feasibility study states that all screenings, grits, and dewatered sludge will be disposed of to a properly designed ad secred landfill (SAE 1993c). 'he proposed municipal wastewater treatment plant will be located adjacent to the Shenfu irrigation canal, between the Hun River and Shenfu Canal, on a site curendy used for agriculture. The proposed plant site, which is located west of the urban area of Fushun in Sanbaotun, is approximately 48.75 hectares, with dimensions of 650 meters by 750 meters. Phase I of the proposed facility will require approximately 19.1 hectares of this site (see Figure 3-8). 3-16 Page 1 of Table 3-3 FUSHVJN INDUSTR1L INTERCEPTOR FunD Pipe Lagth Gradien size Capacity Deisn Fbw Seetion (mnde) (S) (ar) j(W3day x 1,000) (m3/day x 1,000) 51 -52 985 0.14 135 Diamter 160 126.8 933 0.10 1.3 x 1.35 164 126.8 52 - 53 2.100 0.11 1.4 x 1.5 180 133.5 53 - 54 3.770 0.065 1.5 x 1.5 184 133.5 54 - 55 3.000 0.10 1.4 x 1.3 172 133.5 55 - 56 3,320 0.09 1.4 x 1.3 160 133.5 56 - 57 900 0.05 1.6 x 1.4 160 1333 57 - S8 3.500 O.05 1.7 x 1.55 166 135.9 58 - 59 3300 0.10 2.0 x 1.8 427 165.6 59 - 60 3.900 0.05 2 x 1.5 x 1.7 311 139.6 60 - 61 2200 0.05 2.4 x 1.7 445 189.6 61-62 1.200 0.05 2.4x1.7 445 307.0 62-beyond O.05 4x1.8 413 332.6 Note: Node. S1 - 52 arc an the cxising inrcetor. Node. 52 - Car a new _trceptor. Noda S6 - 60 ar section of the exsting int=cptor. used as is. Nodes 60 - 62 are section of the existing eanh cana. weoucted with concte lining. Nodes 62 - beyond is the existing earth canal (Shnfu). Sourec: Stanly Asockite Engunering Lad.. LEP City of Fushmn Wastcaur Trcalct Fesibility Study 1992. 3-17 r-ccied paper croogy and nvronracun A..~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1. W~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~WA a_mm MUN^IOALYM nM *NORTh I. STAIM 0 MJNIaPALW.W.t.P. .~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _ _ I uRcE:6_ qM"wWs$ _Qlwwm, L"d.,LEP a1yd FLiuhnW"Iw r Tro6WAMF~tymV f S2. Flgure 3.7 CITY OF FUSHUN MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL INTERCEPTOR SYSTEMS: ALL PHASES NhI4AR DtIW r~~~~~~ I ~~~~ 1 *1 MtWIFIin | p p& gJ USC BIhhfU /1 _ DOILt= Ltp wLXL s non ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~(Dsmx' UJILAPS or 8-r8ra .uwmm .6d FUT/PA 43 TRATEm P TIEAT)64T PLANTSITE ' I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~PI EIi MMR: 8My Aifdae IEnWe. Lid.. LIP a!ld Fushuri Wulmier Tratnsit PFo"alhr Sing IMs Figure 3-8 FUSHUN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT: PLANT LAYOUT 3.3.1 Alternatives for Fushun Wasteacr Treatment Plant Component Process alternatives for wastewater treatment at Fushun examined by the design institutes included individual source treatment, biological treatnent, and land treatment. Individual source treatment, in general, would require higher cn4pital investment as well as higher operational costs, especially for the smallcr industrial flows that will be part of the 50/50 wastewater mix to be treated as proposed. In addition, individual source treatment for the smaller sources would not likldy achieve the treatment efficiency of a ceirlized plant. Stabilization pond treanment would require thousands of hectares of land because of the retention time required to hold and treat the effluent. Ihis method would also be precluded bj the low average ambient temperatures in this area during much of the year, which would result in significantly reduced biological activity of the wastewater in these ponds. This reduced biological activity would be further compounded by the low proportion of biodegrad- able material in the wastewater and the presence of toxic ma:erials in the wastewater from industrial sources that would further inhibit the necessary level of biological activity. Land treatment would also require extensive conversion of land and could result in degradation of groundwater. One alternative treatment plant/intercepiDr option evaluated for tee Fushun wastewater treatmevt plan; consisted of the construction of four separate sewage treatment systems in various sectors of the city to treat wast&water locally by sector with ultimate disposal of treated efluent imo the Hun River. This altrnative could have realized some cost savings based on sxial:er size interceptor design requiremets and fewer sections of the interceptor requiring replacement. However, this alternative has several disadvantages over the selected option. For example, the alternative would incur increased capital costs, operational costs, and manpower requirements for construction and operation of the three ad4d-ional treatment facilities. Smaller wastewater flows are generally more expensive to treat than larger flows, and the cost of conactr mobiliztion on four separate sites would be grater than on one site. It would also be more difficult to coordinate the establishment of four separate operating teams as part of a newly established wastewater utility company. The possible relocatior. and training of additional staff would be more complicated and expensive. The increase in the need for operating positions would require duplication for each plant, resulting in a substantial increase in necessary staff. _UImD _7~EA3.FI 3-20 In addition, the City of Fushun is proposing a waterfront park along the Hun River through the central part of the city. Ensuring improved water quality along this proposed recreational development would be compromised by the alternative because these treatnent facilities would be discharging effluent from the primary treatment facilities into the Hun River upstream of the urban center of Fushun. 3.4 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFiT1S OF HUN-TAIZI RIVER BASIN COMPONENTS The proposed wastewater treatment components in Anshan. Benxi, and Fushun will greatly improve surface water quality and water usage. Reductions in pollutant levels at each of the three cities are presented in Tables 3-4 through 3-6. The reductions are quantified in the following paragraphs of this section. In Anshan, reuse of the treated wastewater by the ANGANG facilities will provide a positive benefit in that other water supplies that would otherwise be used by industry as cooling water will be available fo: other uses such as irrigation. The project will provide up to if8,000 m31day of water for reuse, which is more than half of the current 300,000 m3/day shortage. In additioc-, treatment of the wastewater for reuse rather than direct discharge will significandy reduce the discharge of wastewater into the Yunliang River, which eventually reaches the Taizi River. For example, as shown in Table 34, suspended solids levels in the Xi Da Gou during normal flow conditions are 1,052 mgtL (BEAC 1992f). Following treament, the levels of suspended solids in the effluent that will be recycled to the ANGANG facilities will be only 17 mg/L (a 98.4% reduction). There will also be significant reductions realized in COD and petroleum of 12.4% and 94.6%. respectively, associated with the reduction in suspended solids. The section of the Taizi River that receives the flows from the Yunliang River near Anshan has a water quality target for the year 2010 to mee Class V standards, which is water suitable for cooling waer in industry and useable for irrigation. The significant decrease in pollutant levels in the Xi Da Gou, as shown above, can only have a positive benefi: in achieving this target level. Tberefore, this abatement of pollution will benefit the overall water quality of the Taizi River Basin. The Erjiao section of the Taizi River traverses the major urban sections of Benxi and experiences COD levels of 49.78 mgAL and BODS levels of 19.04 mglL at normal flow during the dry season (LEPSRI 1992a). Note that the current water quality classification in this river section is Class V or below. Water quality targets for the year 2010 are for this 3-21 UU=%1_Dar1-REXA.R3M03F1 recycled paper eoogy and envunment Pagc I of I Table 3-4 PREDICTED WATER QUALITY X DA GOU 4T ANSHAN fter Tresmnent Nahatautt 31we Trmet oidutrial Rrme Discarged to IG Da Goo pH 7.8 7.2 8.1 Suspaeded orlid (mgIL) 1.052 17 (98.4%) 48 (95.4%) COD (mgIL) 39 78 (12.4%) 7s (12.4%) Petaulm c (mg/L) 24 13 (94.6%) 1.4 (94.2%) Toaslin (mgIL) 0.2 6.73(+) 1.25(4-) Caibonai hardns (mglL) 134 115.1 (37.4%) 157.6 (14.3%) Notc: Amouns a p.num= m 'Altc T 'M W columm dcnot pmcn ,uduo. Sou=c: nvifonmeal P_ction Pm'sect - No. 1. Sewg Taanc Wca of Anshn City, Beijing Envionmcia Impaa Au_mcat Cop. 1992. 3-22 Pagc I of I Table 3-5 PREDICTED WATER QUALrrY TAIZI RIVER AT BENX _(iWL) Ji ~~~~~Exisfiog QU&y hred Q Lo Pbolulu' lilgdi .,TR 9 Iiwr Seef COD IB D_ COD B OD5 COD 1 KDS ..~~~~~- . Ezjiao 1 ~9.M19.04 3042 O .121 19.531 8.92 Eaishilizi 35.61 9.40 3.63 9.0 0.98 (.40) Note: Assume. normal mean Dvws duriag dry son. Sounrc: Environmena Impna Rcpoat an Municipwl Sewsgc Contral Project in Bai City. LIimig Environmental Protectin Scientific Racarmb InAkutc 1992. 3-23 02LflDa4I) l'AM recycled paper bcoIogy and nvronmen, Page I of I Table 34 PREDICTED WATER QUALITY IHUN RIVER AND SIIENFIU IRRIGATION CANAL AT FUISHUN EisIlng Qumlky (mgIL) Prekted Qualky (mg/L) Pollutant Reduwion (%) Loealo J OD£ | N113.N I Pheol I COD NODS N113.N Pheol COD BOD5 Nil-N Phenol COD flue River Xinhua Bridge 7.64 1.04 0.036 39.42 2.49 0.85 06044 12.14 67.41 18 27 87.71 69.20 Heping BridSp 9.57 2.24 0.018 57.97 3.50 0.94 0.0044 15.74 63.43 58.04 75.56 72.35 sirangtai 24.79 2.36 0.257 90.49 4.43 0.33 0.0006 12.04 82.13 62.72 99.77 86.69 Shenfu Canal 110,40 22.93 0.755 215.89 44.51 _ 09306 123.10 59.65 - (29.89) 42.66 Source: EIA Repout for Wastewater Control - Fuihun, Liaoning Environmental Pro(ection Scientific Resarmh Institute 1992. n :LUjqal Dam47A1Dl section of the Taizi River to achieve Class IV standards, at which level water can be used for recreation, boating, fishing, and industrial purposes. Water quality in the river section will be substantially improved if the Benxi wastewater project components are implemented. COD levels are expectod to be reduced by 19.53 mglL (39.2%), while BODS levels will be reduced by 8.92 mg/L (46.8%). This presents a substantial benefit to the water quality in this section of the river (LEPSRI 1992a); however, the change in water quality classification to the Class IV target will not occur immediately. This predicted improvement appears imminent following implementation of future planned pollution coLtrol projects, e.g., the industrial wastewater treatment plant and control of discharges from the large individual industrial complexes located along the river in Benxi. There will also be significant improvements in water quality in the Hun River at Furhun. During normal tlow conditions in various river sections, BOD5 will be reduced by between 63.43% and 82.13%; NH3-N will be reduced by between 18.27% and 62.73%; phenols will be reduced by between 75.56% and 99.77%; and COD will be reduced by between 69.20% and 86.69%. COD will be reduced by 42.66% in the Shenfu irrigation canal, while BOD5 will be reduced by 59.689% LEPSRI 1992b). Currently, water quality in the sections of the Hun River passing through the urban section of Fushun is generally below Class V standards for these pollutants. Thc yt-4r 2010 watar quality target for this area is to meet Class m standards, at which lcvel water can De *icd as a drinking wvater source after some treatment. Although NH3-N levels will slightly exceed the Class V standards, all other pollutants shown above will meet or exceed the Class m standards shown in Table A-1 following completion of the proposed wastewater treatment project. Pollutant levels in the Shenfu Canal will remain above the Class V standards, even though significant improvements mn water quality will occur. However, after the largest industries implement their individual water discharge controls, these elevated pollutant levels in the Shenfu Canal should improve to Class V standards, which are considered adequate for irrigation. In general, these improvements in water quality will provide for a higher standard of beneficial use of available water resources, not only in the immediate vicinity of treatment but in those areas downstream of the proposed water treatment projects. For example, improve- ments in water quality in Fushun will assist in protecting the downstream water supply of Shenyang, the provincial capitol of Liaoning, by assuring improved water quality in the Hun River, which provides the major water recharge source for the Shenyang aquifer. There are, iLUIng Dal-kEAoW13M*FI 3-25 recycied paper eoIogy *nd enivinment however, some impacts that may result in some adversity to the local environment, especially impacts that will result in permanent changes. These are identified and discussed in the following section. 3S ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF HUN-TAIZI RIVER BASIN COMPONENTS Lund Use All of the projects associated with wastewater treatment plant construction will result in the permanent conversion of existing land use to that used for the individual plant sites. Conversion of the 15-hectare site a; Anshan is not considered to pose a significant adverse impact because the site is currendy undeveloped and is located in an industrialized area that is compatible with the pmposed plant. The 22. 1-hectare Benxi plant site is located in a flood- prone area. Future flooding may significantly impact operation of the plant; however, mitigation measures will be implementod to reduce these potential impacts. Tbe Fushun wastewater treatment plant site will be located on land currently used for agriculture. Evei though the planned development will take this 49-hectare site out of agricultural production, the overall effect on the region's total farm output will not be significant. Residential Resettlement Impact analyses conducted by the local environmental assessment institutes indicae that only the Benxi Wastewater treatment plant will result in any residential resetlement requirements. t is anticipated that 40 to 50 households (totaling approximately 200 people) will be relocated from the area contiguous to the proposed treatment plant site. This relocation of people is necessary to provide a safe sanitary protection distance between the plant and the nearest residence. A resettlement office will be established temporarily and will be responsible for preparing a resettlement plan, paying for reasonable damages, and minimizing the inconve- niences incurred by the affected residents. 3-26 avlJ3 DaTl4 EASWSF Waste Generation Each of the proposed wastewater treatmcnt plants will produce sludge associated with the removal of suspended solids from the wastewater. This sludge may contain elevated levels of heavy metals and other potentially hazardous constituents. Sludge from the Anshan wastewater treatment plant will be disposed of at an ash disposal storage yard near the village of Heniuzhuan, which is approximately 15 km from the treatment plant. This area is carrendy used for the disposal of slag and other industrial wastes from the ANGANG steel works and the Liaoyang Petrochemical Plant. Even though the site is currendy used as a landfill, it may not be suitable for landfill use. Disposal of the sludge from the treaunent plant, in combination with the current disposal of slag and industrial wastes at the site, could adversely affect local groundwater resources. Alternative sites should be evaluated for disposal of the wastewater sludge from the Anshan plant. The disposal sites in Anshan, Benxi, and Fushun should be prcp&ly designed to contain all wastes and prevent adverse impacts to air and groundwater. A landfill site has not yet been selected for the sludge produced at the Benxi wastewater treatment plant. Sludge from the Fushun wastewater treatment plant will possibly be disposed of at a landfill of the Fukua:ig Company, approx!mately 3.5 km from the plant site, although this has not been finized. Excess spoil and waste generation from construction activities will be minimal. All debris will be disposed of at proper disposal sites near each wastewater treatment plant project. Excess spoil from sewer construction will be removed from construction areas and used or disposed of in an appropriate manner, e.g., landfill cover or construction fill. Construction Impacts At is expected that air quality will be affected during construction of the proposed wastewater trment facilities. Temporary increases in dust from construction and combus- tion products from construction machinery are inevitable. Construction impacts will be short- term and can be mitigated. For example, construction dust can be controlled by the periodic wetting of construction areas through the use of spray equipment and water trucks. Ambient sound levels in the areas of construction will also increase temporarily because of the operation of construction equipment. Sound level increases associated with construction should be slight and confined to the construction areas. Construction acivities 3-27 recycbd paper ce..oy and nn are expected to result in typical ambient sound levels of 65 to 77 dB(A), with peaks of possibly 81 to 90 dB(A) within 100 feet of heavy construction equipment. If necessary, construction workers will wear hearing protection to mitigate the effects of construction noise at the sites. These elevated construction sound levels will cease following the completion of construction, resulting in no long-term adverse impacts to workers or nearby residents. Sewer construction will result in short-term adverse effects. During construction, strects and other construction areas will require temporary shutdowns and detours, causing temporary inconveniences to people who use these areas. However, once construction is completed, streets and sidewalks will be repaired and open areas will be regraded, allowing use of these areas for activities that do not interfere with sewer operation, such as transporta- tion and agriculture. In general, buildings should not be constructed over sewer lines because such construction could interfere with sewer operation. 3-28 ~Uin D@17 EPW3UF 4. BENX AIR POLLUEMON ABATEMENT COMPONENTS OF IFPII 4.1 CONTROL OF EMISSIONS DUURING COAL LOADING/UNLOADING AT BISC COKING PLANT The BISC Coking Plant is located in the southwestern section of the City of Benxi (see Figure 4-1). In 1991, the BISC Coking Plant, consisting of No. 1 through No. 4 coke ovens, produced 1.5 million tonnes of coke, requiring 2.0 million tonnes of coal for production. Smoke and dust generated during the loading and unloading of coal contain; total suspended particulates (TSP), benzol soluble organics (BSO), and benzopyrene (BaP). Concentrations of BaP, BSO, and TSP in the dust around the coke oven areas exceed applicable standards. Similarly, the ambient air quality within the coking plant exceeds the National Air Environmental Standards, Class m (AEQS) for SO, TSP, and dustfall. Studies have linked exposure to BaP to the incidence of lung cancer in workers at the coking pla=t (E & E 1993a). Although the charging and pushing emission controls proposed for No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 coke ovens are to be generally designed to meet or exceed a 90% overall particulate removal, the Benxi EPB has nominally stated that the pushing emission controls should inoDrporate technology to achieve a 98% particulate removal efficiency. The proposed project will ' ontrol smoke and dust during the loading and unloading processes. Coal will be loaded into a coal charge car via a gravity feed system. The proposed charging emission controls (Charging Emission Control Proposal No. 1) will include a new charge car and design with a combustion chamber and automatic fume ignitor, jumper valve and off-gas top-side stationary duct traversing the length of the coke oven, wansfer duct, mass cooler/spark arrestor, baghouse, iznduced draft fan, silencer and stack, and control room (E & E 1993a). The proposed pushing emission controls (Pushing Emission Contmrol Proposal 4-1 recyc papr eAdapeinFI recycled paper breoo' and enwn,ns.-.......... [~~~~~~~~AU6S I (Xih Fmay) (Gongyua Faay) 10. Shenag Co'!. Muinig 2. BEnxi Cement Plant 6. BISC No.2 Steel Plant (Benm Brmr:h) 3. BISC No.l Steel Pbnt 7. SISC No.2 Iran Plant 11. Ptopovd Centul Healing 4. EIISC Caking Plant (Gongyuan FaryJ Prov.ct Thea Pawer (Gongyuu F&COyJ 8. Gongyuan Ce'nent Plant Station Loction * Facore 0 Aik Mooing Loaon- RAIaBla Am ~ m SCALE 0 400 800 1600 Meters Figure 4- BENXCI CITY SITE MAP: FACTORIES AND AIR MONITORING LOCATIONS 4-2 No. 2) will include a draft hood, third-rail support system, hood/duct connection, transfer duct, mass cooler/spark arrestor, baghouse, induced draft fan, and silencer and stack. Both the charging and pushing emissions will be significantly reduced and are estimated at 90% plus reduction for pollutants from the smoke and dust (E & E 1993a). As of September 1993, No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 coke ovens have been included in the proposed subproject. However, there is a possibility that the No. 4 coke oven will be eliminated from the proposed subproject. The environmental impacts of this have been addressed in Section 4.5 of this report. 4.1.1 Altenatives for Control of Emissions During Coal Loading/Unloading at the BISC Coking Plant 4.1.1.1 Coal Loading at Coke Ovens Two alternatives (Charging Emission Control Proposal No. 2 and No. 3) were evaluated to contain emissions of coal dust during the unloading of coal at the coke ovens. As referenced above, Charging Emission Control Proposal No. I was selected and contained the aforementioned equipment. Charging Emission Control Proposal No. 2 differed only in tha an ambient air blower was substituted for the mass cooler. This caused the baghouse and induced the draft fan to be larger in capacity and cost without having an effect on emissions reduction. Thus, Charging Emission Control Proposal No. I was selected over Charging Emissien Proposal No. 2. Charging Emission Control Proposal No. 3 was technically much different. The vast majority of the equipment needed for Charging Emission Control Proposal No. I would be eliminated. Charging Emission Control Proposal No. 3 included jumper pipe technology, which would be included in the new charge car. However, because of existing excess particulate carryover problems (icluded in the off-gas, which is ducted to the chemical process plant), the use of a jumper pipe was considered to have an operational risk associated with the jumper pipe technology. Because the jumper pipe would not reduce the particulate carryover to the chemical process plant as would the Charging Emission Control Proposal No. 1 equipment, Charging Emission Control Proposal No. I was selected over Charging Emission Control Proposal No. 3. The preferred LEPII component for the reduction of emissions from coke oven loading (Charging Emission Control Proposal No. 1) incorporates a new charging car, coke oven topside equipment, and land-based equipment. The preferred option was selected e2Ul_D_mA EFA4Fl40V3.Fl 4-3 recycued paper ecologv and envitonnwen, because it technically achieves the 90% removal efficiency requirement for removing particulates from the system and is less expensive than Charging Emission Control Proposal No. 2. Charging Emission Control Proposal No. 3 removes the same amount and percentage of particulates as do the other alternatives at a lower cost; however, it contains a certain unacceptable risk because it retains the particulates in the system, and if the redesign of the charging car does not reduce this existing carryover problem, operations will suffer as a result. 4.1.1.2 Coke Unloading rrom Coke Ovens Two alternatives (Pushing Emission Control Proposal No. 1 and No. 3) were also analyzed in the feasibility study for the containment of emissions during the unloading of coke into the coke oven quench cars. As referenced above, Prishing Emission Control Proposal No. 2 was selected and contained the aforementioned equipment. Pushing Emission Control Proposal No. 2 was selected because it technically achieves the 98% removal efficiency demanded by the Benxi EPB. Although Pushing Emission Control Proposal No. I has a 35% lower cost per tonne of emission reduction, it cannot technically acbieve the 98% removal efficiency required by the current regulating agency. Similarly, the phased approach of Pushing Emission Control Proposal No. 3, which wouid achieve a 94% removal efficiency in Phase I and a 98% removal efficiency in Phase UI, was omitted because Phase I could not achieve the higher removal efficiency required by the current regulating agency. In addition, Pushing Emission Control Proposal No. 3 would have increased the capital cost of emission rediuction at the 98% removal efficiency because of a reliance on international equipment. The preferred method for reducing emissions from the coke unloading process (Pushing Emission Control Proposal No. 2), which incorporates the aforcmentioned topside and land-based system, was selected because it technically achieves the 98%. removal efficiency required by the Benxi EPB. Although Pushing Emission Control Proposal No. I has a 35% lower cost per tonne of emission reduction, it cannot technically achieve the required 98% removal efficiency established by the current regulating agency. Similarly, Pushing Emission Control Proposal No. 3 cannot initially achieve the mandated 98% removal efficiency. 4-4 WIW WTr4 A4WrF 42 DRY ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR INSTALLATION AT BISC NO. 1 AND NO. 2 BLAST FURNACES The BISC blast furnaces are located in two areas of the City of Benxi. Blast furnaces No. I and No. 2 are located in the BISC Xihu Factory area (see Figure 4-1). The blast furnace project consists of the retrofit of two blast firnaces with dry-type electrostatic precipitators. These furnaces currently employ wet scrubbing technology for the removal of particulates. The retrofit will accomplish two operational objectives. First, the existing wet scrubber system currently achieves a particulate concentration of 30 milligrams per normalized cubic meter (mg/Nm3) of blast mrnace off-gases. This concentration is too high for the existing BISC processes that make use of these off-gases and is the primary reason these off-gases cannot currently be used. Second, by reducing the particulate concenation level to 10 mg/Nm3 or less, .hose existing processes that make use of off-gases would alsc benefit from the higher temperature of the off-gases, which is a result of the elimination of the existing wet scmbber system. By first lowering the particulate gas concentration and :hen incorporating the use of the higher temperature off-gases (e.g., sensible heat of the off-gas stem), the ambient air quality in Benxi and Liaoning Province will be significandy improved. Blast furnaces No. I and No. 2 are located in the BISC Xihu Factory area. Each blast furnace has a volume of 380 cubic meters and the total combined annual production rate is 611,000 tonnes of pig iron. The wet scrubbers to be replaced crrendy discharge approximately 4.2 million tonnes of water annually into the- Taizi River. Tnis water contains over 4.7 tonnes per year of cyanide, 2.0 tonnes per year of phenol, and 5,470 tonnes per year of particulate. This project will reduce significant amounts of air conuminant emissions, and will also substantially reduce the discharge of these contaminants into the Taizi River (BEAC 1992b). The direct reduction in air contaminant emissions will result from a reduction in the blast furnace gas currently being discharged into the atmosphere (approximately 130 million Nm3 per year), and reductions in residential coal usage (approximately 45,400 tonnes per year). The residential coal use reduction occurs because of the use of the treated 130 million Nm3 per year of blast furnace gas used indirectly for residential cooking gas, which will replace existing coal use. This will result in a reduction of over 16,000 tonnes of partikulates and 1,500 tonnes of sulfur oxides per year. This project will also result in a total energy 2L1IU DamaI EAflW 4-5 recycied paper ecalogy and mnnn savings and thus reduce the total amount of coal consumed by the two BISC facilities (E & E 1993a). 4.2.1 Altenatives for Dry Electroctatic Precipitator Installation at BISC No. 1 and No. 2 Blast Furnaces The only alternative evaluated was the use of baghouse-type filters. This alternative was DOt considered feasible because of the higher costs associated with designing such a systm to conform with the existing operational conditions of the blast furnaces. The details of this option are further discusud in the Environmental Assessment Report prepared by the Beijing Environmental Impact Assessment Corporation (BEAC 1992b). 4.3 TRANSMISSION PIPELINE AND HEAT EXCHANGE STATIONS FOR THE BENXI CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEM The municipal residential central heating project is one of three heating supply projects contained in the Benxi City heat supply master plan. Existing residential areas of Benxi currently include approximately 5.6 million m2 of residential space requiring a centralized heat supply (BEAC 1992e). Ihe individual residences in the Beuxi area are currently heated by single residence boilers or family stoves. The fuel used to supply heat to these individual residences is largely coal. Fuel use in these boilers and stoves is high - because of the inefficiency of combustion in the heating units. Because of this low efficiency of combustion coupled with the high number of residences buning coal without adequate dust .jntrol, air pollution levels near the ground can be quite high. In an attempt to increase fuel use efficiency and ameliorate the resulting high air po:lution levels, the proposed heating supply project will incorporate a thermal power St2iSo and associated peak demand heafing boilers (see number 11 on Figure 4-1 for the proposed location of the thermal power station). This will increase the residential heating supply area by about 0.993 million m2. The proposed project thermal power station will be located on Meitie Street in the Chaitun district. The Chaitun centl heating system is one of the three central heating systems planned in the downtown area of Benxi. The central heating systems will have the capacity to supply heat to 2.5 million m2 of residential housing as follows: * 200,000 m2 Dongfen district, * 520,000 m2 Xifen district, 4-f ULIUiDTh EAm.m * 400.000 m2 Xingkai district, * 80,000 m2 Jiefang Street, * 500,ODO m2 Chaitun district, and * 800,000 m2 reserved for exp=sion along east bank of Taizi River. Figure 4-2 depicts the proposed =rasmission pipeline network as of March 1993 for supplying the aforementioned areas with heat, including the proposed location of the thermal power station and all beat exchange stations. lhere have been minor changes in the "rfigu- ration shown in Figure 4-2. However, the pipeline system still requires about 16.5 km (supply and return) of total pipeline. As a result of the November 1992 World Bank mission, the thernml pjwer station and equipment will not be included in the Benxi Air Pollution Abatement program. The thermal power station and related equipment will therefore be locally funded. The implemen- tation of emission controls in the four new boilers proposed for the thermal power station will provide he necessary heat and power to the proposed World Bank-funded central heating district components, while substantially redlicing the amount of particulate and S02 emitted. The peak demand boilers will be housed in a separate building adjacent to the thermal power station building. All housing, boiler, and auxiliary equipment will be part of the [enxi Air Pollution Abatenent program and funding will be requested from the World Bank. 43.1 Alternatives for Transmission Pipeline and Heat E;xchange Stations for the Baxi Central Heating System No feasible alternative to the proposed project was evaluated. The proposed system pipeline was routed to best meet the needs of the consumers and concurrendy meet any requirements necessary to meet efficiencies of facility operation. Impacts on the general project area surroundings would not be lessened by rerouting the pipeline through different areas of this urbanized section of the city. 4-7 recycled paper ecology and envirnmenw MS I - - - -POWERSTATION - -- .~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-- ara o Heat Exchange soURCE: Eaw 6m Emltn ItX..M. -i Sce 1:5 Figure 4-2 BENXI MUNICIPAL RESIDENTIAL CENTRAL HEATING PROJECT 4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFM OF BENX AIR pOLLUTION ABATEMENT COMPONENTS The air pollution abatesment projes proposed for finding in Benxi City will provide a real benefit tO the environment and human hcalth by lowering air pollution levels caused by industry and domestic fuel burning. Implemeptation of the three air pollution abatement projects in Benxi will result in an improvement in air quality of 19.6% for particulates and 7.1 % for S02 (see Table 4-1). These emission reductions were provided in a engineering feasibility report and were calculated by applying the bubble concept as discussed in Sectioc 2.6 of this EA (E & E 1993a). If No. 4 coke oven emission reduction control is not included in the proposed subprojects, the effect will be negligible for both SO2 and particulate. All calculations for emission reduction estimates used the bubble concept to the extent that a proposed subproject would directly impact either another in-plant (e.g.. BISC Guangyong facility) process or directly impact residenial coal consumption. In addition, the physical and chemical properties of coal consumed in the City of Benxi were incorporated in all air emission reduction calculations. The better quality coals were assumed to be consumed in the manufacturing processes including the boilers used within the manufacturing facilities, and the lower-grade coals by residential stoves and small residential boilers. Cooking gas supplied to residential units was assumed to contain only minute concentrations of particulate and sulfur and these were assumed to be zero in all calculations. Other benefits of the Benxi APA projects will include the following: D Elimination of waste blast fiunace gas emissions totaling up to 130 million m3/year into the atmosphere. This gas is proposed to be used for fuel, following dust removal by the proposed dry electrostat- ic precipitators. - Elimination of 5,039,000 tonnes per year of untreated wastewater to the Taizi River resulting from the wet dust-removal system currently in use on blast furnaces No. 1 and No. 2. Elimination of this ulis- charge will result in the reduction of 3,400 tonnes/year of suspended solids, 2.0 tonnes/year of phenols, and 4.7 tonnes/year of cyanides. Ihe dry solids collected are proposed to be used as a raw material at a simer plant or c:ment plant. * Lower dust levels from improved operations. * The central heating project will result in the elimination of 17 obso- lete coal boilers and innumerable small domestic stoves. recycre paper 4_9 eolop and ennmem Pagc 1 of I Table 4-1 ESTIMATED EFFECTS OF PROPOSED SUBPROJECIS ON BENXI CTlY AMBIENT AIR QUALITY Estmated Arthmeic Estimated Fmissn Avage Imp.c ou Reductin lanzi Cty Air Qufa (Ia pe er) ' (mg/a3) Subprojet Par,iculate S02 Particulate S02 Ra!din data (Toal Bcax City Emision) 2290 144000 0.35 0.16 No. 1. No. 2, and No. 4 Coke Ovcsj 2,014 Ncglible 0.347 0.16 No. I and No.2 Coke Ovc0b 1,343 Ncgligible 0.4 0.16 No. 1 and No. 2 Blast Fumace 16.400 1.33= 0.32 0.153 Cc_tra H_eatig 26.576 8.416 0.31 0.15 Impact for al subprojs 44.990 10.219 0.2 0.148 a The coke ovcn subprjcct s acoestumated to emoc 936 tofnca per ycar of carciogenc BSO and Bap air cmissions. b If No. 4 coke oven is omiued from the LEP n projct, thmn the estmated remova of 700 tome pcr ycar of carcinogenic BSO and BaP in cnisioa will occur for the implemcnuation of No. 1 and No. 2 eoke ovcn cmission controls. C hssumcs a uuio of subprojcct esimated annual enission reduction to baselinc data (total Benzi City emissions) is applicable to thc subproje's unpact on BRaxi City Air Quality Arkmtic Averate d 'Me cmsion reduction numbers include the cmissions ruduced by including ar poltion control devices for S02 and parbculatc for the proposed thermal power station boile. Sourec: Ecology and Envonmue, Inc. 1993. anLtflgkDOfl.WISDSW, 4-10 * The combustion of coal in small, inefficient residential boilers and stoves will be phased out. This will result in an attendant improve- meMnt in ground-level air quality, which, at present, can be quite severe with the low stacks normally associated with residential stove use. 4.5 ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF BENXI AIR POLLUTION ABATEMENT COMPONENTS Land Use The proposed blast furnace and coke oven air pollution abatement projects in Benxi will be lo-ated entirely within the factory boundaries of these facilities. Thus, there will be no impact o:n existing land use. The proposed central heating district pipeline installation will result in significant impacts during the construction period. Current land use along the pipeline route, especially urban traffic, will be disrupted. However, no significant impacts to land use will occur after construction is completed and the city streets are restored. Waste Generation Three of the Benxi APA projects will produce waste streams as a result of operation of the control devices. The blast furnace retrofit project will result in the production of precipitated dust. This material will be collected and sent to a cement factory and sinter plant. Blast furnace gas will also be used in the steel-making process and will not be vented into the atmosphere. Coal dust collected from coke oven operations following implementation of the coal loading/unloading project will be transported for use at a sintering plant. Because the waste products generated from the Benxi air projects will be either recycled or disposed of at specially designed facilities, no adverse effects will resuit. 4-11 recyLUI_Dap_ErcgaI4ninnFI recycled paper cmgv *nd rnmnrnwn 5. DALIAN AREA COMPONENTS OF LEPII The City of Dalian is located at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula in southeast Liaoning Province. A primary issue regarding water quality in Dalian is the contamination of the two high-use areas, i.e., Heishijiao Bight ard Dalian Bay. Heishijiao Bight is a scenic andi recreational coastal area that is also used for aquaculture. The major flow into this bay comes f.-om the Malan River. West Bay of Dalian Bay forms the harbor for Dalian. lze major flow into this bay comes from the Chunliu River, Bulao Gou, and Zhoushui Gou. 5.1 CEHUNLU/fMALAN RIVER WASTEWATER TREATMENT COMPONENT The City of Dalian has tentatively identified eight wastewater treatment projects for future development. These projects have been prioritized by flow, with the largest being the Malan River (190,000 m3/day) followed by Chunliu (120,000 m3lday). The LEPll will concentration on these two areas as subcomponents of its ChunliulMalan River wastewater treatment component. At present, the only existing treatment facilities are in Chunliu; these facilities are not being used to capacity. To maximize efficiency at the Chunliu facility, sewer interceptor capacity will be expanded and the facility will be upgraded. The City of Dalian is proposing to reuse a portion of the treated effluent at Chunliu in adjacent industrial plants. The primary users will be the adjacent power plant for cooling water, as well as nearby rubber and steel plants. Evenually, the city anticipates reuse of all Chunliu treated effluent. 5.1.1 Chunliu Wastewater Treatment Plant The Chunliu wastewater treatment plant, which is a secondary activated sludge plant located in the northwest part of Dalian City (see Figure 5-1), treats mainly domestic effluen, 5-l recy_led paper etroiogs and rn>;rennwme umw~~~ LM ~ ~ ow UN ~~~~~~\ xs YELLOW STAllS. e3 3*53 -~~~~~~~ - }/m cou usA~ I~~~~~~~ -- ,- UT4Y WASTEWATER 4 I_' DALAN RAILTES 5-2 i I A .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~CU UMt fiS56 VA" ', ,H~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a CSHUOM J "I r AMeRf / _ _ E3:~~~~~~~~~~~~~KA" STAll>@ ma°A y -- ~~~~~~~~~YELLOW Ura am umV_" Figure 5-1 DAMN FACIES 5-2 which, following treatment, is discharged into the West Bay of Dalian Bay. Although the existing facility is designed to treat 60,000 m31day, only 15,000 m31day of wastewater is actually available for treatment because the current sewage collection system is inadequate. The LEP[I upgrading will consist of the construction of interceptors that will transport a flow of 32,000 m3/day from the Bulao Gou outfall south of Chunliu and 14,000 m3lday from the Zhoushui Gou north of Chunliu to the Chunliu treatment plant. These new interceptors will more than provide the increased sewage flows necessary to m et the design capacity of the Chunliu wastewater treatment plant. Effluent mix will be approximately 50% domestic sewage and 50% industrial sewage. Tbe proposed interceptors will be designed to accommodate future 'lows for a Phase 1 expansion at the Chunliu facility. This expansion will increase the plant s capacity to an average flow of 120,00D m3Jday. Tbe Phase I south interceptor, which will be a 700-mm- diameter force main, will gather the flow of the Bulao Gou and extend 600 meters to the existing interceptor that connects to the Chunliu plant. Flows from the Zhoushui Gou will be collected at a proposed pump station and pumped through a 600-mm-diameter force main for 715 meters followed by a 600-mm-diameter gravity sewer for 375 meters. The gravity sewer will then be increased in size to 1,000-mm diameter for the final 360 meters to the Chunliu plant. 5.1.1.1 Environmental Benefits of Chunfiu Wastewater Treatment Subcomponent Improvements in the operating-efficiency at the existing Chunliu wastewater treatment plant will provide positive benefits for the Dalian area. Wastewater that is currendy being discharged direcdy into Dalian Bay will be diverted to the Chuwliu plant for treatment. Thus, the Chunliu plan; will be able to use its currently unused available capacity and prevent this untreated effluent from reaching Dalian Bay. In addition, the proposed Chunliu subcompo- nent of the LEPII will have a beneficial impact on local water quality. Presently, 10,000 m3/day of treated wastewater from the Chunliu plant is recycled for industrial use within Dalian. This same volume will continue to be recycled following completion of the LEPI projects. Note that following completion of the Phase nI plant expansion mentioned above (not a part of LEPIH), up to 50,000 m3iday of treated effluent may be recycled, fuirther ameliorating the local water supply prol.lem (McRae 1993). mLmU Da7fl- FAOsmImFl 5-3 recycied paper ecology and environ.ene 5.11 MahI Tht established expanded, a - takes place. Heishijiao I- In t industrial ac- alleviate thii portion of t recycling wE located on . approxinmat, Heishijiao I- mbl existing nor- constructed and nearer r conained b. new west ir the Malan I upstream of: 600-mm-di diamter pipe Jus- diameter uc - River for a The east banko a- where it enM hectares in Civil Engin aGULMIMDcan- west side is bordered by the Malan River, while the west slope of Baiyun Hill is located to the east. The treatment process selected for the Malan River wastewater treatment plant will consist of a preliminary system of screening and degritting followed by secondzry treatment. Secondary treatment will be biological batch reaction using the oxidation ditch activated- sludge process. Wastewater to be treated will likely consist of 50% domestic and 50% industrial wastewaters (SAE 1993c). The major pollutants are BOD5, COD, suspended solids, NH3, and oil with trace amounts of heavy metals, phenol, and benzene. The plant will be designed to treat an average flow of 70,000 m3/day with a peak flow of approximately 90,000 m3/day. Following secondary treatment, there will be additional clarifying and sludge dewatering facilities associated with the overall wastewater treatment construction. Sludge production is anticipated to be approximately 14 tonnes/day dry solids at 20% solids content by weight. The feasibility study states that all screenings, grits, and dewatered sludge will be disposed of at a properly designed and secured landfill (SAE 1993c). It is anticipated that the sludge will be transported to the Maoyingzi Landfill discussed herein (DUT 1992). The treated effluent either will be pumped into a proposed I l-kn pipeline for industrial reuse or discharged into the Malan River. The proposed water reuse pipeline will extend in a northerly direction parallel to the Malan River, with distribution spurs connecting to various industrial users along the route. It is anticipated thza: approxinmely 22,000 m3/day of treated effluent will be recycled, with the remainder discharged to the Malan River. Eventually, up to 44,000 m3/day of treated effluent will be recycled. 5.1.2.1 Alternatives for Malan River Wastewater Treatment Subcomponent Three system alternatives were analyzed for the Malan River subcomponent of this project. TMese included: (1) Far-sea discharge of wastewater without treatment; (2) Offshore discharge after primary treatment at 3.9 km from shore; and (3) Offshore discharge after primary treatment at 1.0 km from shore. Alternative I would require a discharge pipeline extending approximately 7 km into Heishijiao Bight. Because removing only the solid, floatable debris prior to discharge is not environmentally sound, Alternative I was not consid- ered further. MZLIJn.Da7X EA.wlMi3.FI 5-5 recycied paper ecoogy and environnm-n Both Alternatives 2 and 3 would meet the water quality standards necessary for discharge into Heishijiao Bight. However, Alternative 3, which is within the coastal scenic water zone as designated by the Dalian municipal government, would require additional diffuser ports with a longer diffuser. In addition, water depth at the 1,000-meter offshore point is only 8 meters in depth. This would result in a visible wastewater plume on the surface at all times, which would negatively impact the coastal scenic water zone (SAE 1993c). Alternative 2 would also require additional diffuser parts. However. even though the wastewater plume would not be visible, the discharge point lies within the expanded aquacul- ture zone as designated by the Dalian Municipal Government. Tberefore, this alternative was not selected. 5.1.2.2 Environmental Benerits of Malan River Wastewater Treatment Subcomponent Implementation of the proposed Malan River wastewater treatment plant project will have a beneficial effect on the Dalian environment. Much of the sewage now being dis- charged untreated to the Malan River will be intercepted and will receive preliminary and secondary treatment prior to discharge. This will result in an immediate improvement in surface water quality at the mouth of the Malan River and will lessen the loading of pollutants into Heishijiao Bight. Predictions have shown that pollutant concentration in the discharge of the Malan River to Heishijiao Bight will be below the discharge standards for seawater quality in Liaoning Province (SAE 1993c; DUT 1993a). This positive impact will have a beneficial effect upon the aquaculture industry in the Bight, and will prevent the deterioration of tourist areas along the Dalian area beachfront. This improvement will include clearer water conditions as well as lower infectious bateria concentraions. In addition to the improved water quality in Heishijiao Bight, the Iccal water supply will be enhanced by the recycling of up to 22,000 m3/day of treated effluent for industrial reuse. This, in itself, will result in lower pollutant loadings to the Malan River. 5-6 5.1.23 Adverse Environmental Impacts of Malan River Wastewater Treatment Subcomponent Land Use The Malan River wastewater trcatment plant in Dalian will be located in an industri- alllight industrial area adjacent to the Malan River. Development of the 5-bectarc site will preclude use of the site for industrial purposes. However, the new use will be compatible with surrounding uses. The interceptor sewers associated with these wastewater treatment projects will cause disruption to current land use during construction. However, once construction of these sewer facilities is completed, current land use will again be permitted. Waste Generation The sludge from the Malan River treaument plant and the Chunliu wastewater treatment plant will be disposed of at the Maoyingzi Landfill. Because this landfill will be properly designed, there will be no adverse impacts resulting from disposal of sludge from these two treatment plants. Construction Impacts It is expected that air quality will be affected during construction of the proposed facilities. Temporary increases in dust from construction and combustion products fram construction machinery are inevitable. These will be short-tem effects, however, and should be of no significant adverse consequence in the construction areas. Constuction dust can be controlled by the periodic wettng of construction areas through the use of spray equipment and water trucks. Ambient sound levels in the areas of construction will also increase temporarily because of the operation of construction equipment. Sound level increases associated with construction should be slight znd confined to the construction areas. Construction activities are expected to result in typical ambient sound levels of 65 to 77 dB(A), with peaks of possibly 8 I to 90 dB(A) within 100 feet of heavy construction equipment. If necessary, construction workers will wear hearing protection to mitigate the effects of construction noise at the sites. These elevated construction sound levels will cease following the completion of construction, resulting in no long-term adverse impacts to workers or nearby residents. uw sM'Da t_EA4IMW.PI 5-7 recycbd paper ceogy and ennI Sewer construction will result in short-term adverse effects. During construction, strets and other construction areas will require temporary shutdowns and detours, causing temporary inconveniences to people who use these areas. However, once construction is completod, streets and sidewalks will be repaired and open areas will be regraded, allowing use of these areas for activities that do not interfere with sewer operation, such as transporta- tion and agriculture. In generao, buildings should not be constructed over sewer lines because such construction could interfere with sewer operation. 5.2 DAIUAN SOLED WASIE COMPONENT The City of Dalian is located in the southern portion of Liaodong Peninsula of the Liaoning Province. Dalian has been a key city of industry, foreign trade, and economic development. The main types of industry are machinery manufacturing, refinery, metallurgy, textile, and light industry. Dalian has recently established a special economic development zone and is currently experiencing rapid and extensive development in its 10-km2 area. With the establishment of the special economic development zone and the increasing population, the amount of solid waste generated by Dalian City will continue to increase. Since February 1988, Dalian City area municipal wastes hve bee disposed of in the Phase I portion of the Maoyingzi Landfill site. Prior to the stan-up of Phase I operations, Dalian had disposed of its wastes in two main sites located along dhc western side of Suoyu Buy, both of which have been filled to capacity. Neither the previous disposal sites nor the first phase of the Maoyingzi Landfill site were designed or constructed with environmcntal mitigation control features (i.e., leachate collection, bottom liner, cap, gas collection, etc.). Problems were also noted in landfill operation, solid waste collection, and transportation systems, which have resulted in environmental problems. To prevent fitre envronmental problems caused by amproper solid waste disposal, the Dalian municipal goverment is proposing to design, build, and operate an imprcved sanitary landfill called Maoyingzi Landfill, which will be loc.ted at Jinzbou Bay, southwest of Jinzhou Dis:rict. Ihe Dalian Municipal Government proposes tu rebuild the Suoyu Bay Central Transfer Station, which is located near the Suoyu Bay, approximately 25 hm from the Maoyingzi Landfill. Both of these component are pat of the LEPT -WVorld Bank project and are shown in Figure 5-1. eun_6 Dana.1 IA4~U~3FI 5-8 Operation of the Suoyu Bay Central Transfer Station was initiated in February 1991. The transfer station occupies an area of 50,000 m2 and currently is transferring about 1,300 tonnes of solid waste per day, approximately 85% of the total municipal solid waste generated in Dalian City. The existing central transfer station was designed for open-air operation, and provides no waste processing or compaction. The wastes are dumped onto the ground, reloaded into larger trucks (S to 10 tonnes) by front-end loaders, and then transported to Maoyingzi Landfill. Tne existing transfer station was not designed for storage. However, because the wastes cannot be transported to the landfill during bad weather conditions, solid wastes are accumulated at the transfer station. Average detention time of wastes in the transfer station is between 10 to 15 days before being transponed to the landfill. The existing site is very dusty and produces very strong odors, which cause environmental problems in the area and health problems to the employees and the 50 to 60 licensed scavengers searching through the accumulated solid wastes for recyclable materials (E & E 1993b). Although natural fermentation in the accumulated solid waste piles may have resulted in some waste volume reduction, this uncontrolled process also causes serious environmental problems. For exarmple, heat generated from fermentation causes spontaneous fires in the waste pile. In addition, because no surface water co;iection system was constructed in the existing central transfer station, leachate from the accumulated solid waste piles flows directly into Suoyu Bay, causing pollution in the coastal area. The Suoyu Bay Central Transfer Station reconstruction project has been designed to transfer an average of 1,500 tonnes of solid waste per day with a maximum daily capacity of 2,000 tonnes. The transfer/storage building will have a 2,500-m2 storage area, which will provide a storage capacity of 2,000 tonnes of solid waste. Two stationary compaction systems will be used at the Suoyu Bay Central Transfer Station. During normal operational conditions, collection trucks and transport vehicles from local transfer stations will unload the waste to the compaction system loading heppers. Stationary compactors will then compact the solid wastes into 20-m3 trailers, increasing the average density of the waste from 420 kg/m3 to 800 kg/m3. The 20-m3 trailers will then be hauled by 20-tonne tractor trucks to Maoyingzi Landfill. During bad weather conditions, when the waste canmot be transported to the landfill, the waste will be dumped in the storage iqLwDana4EA*Own4R 5ad recycled paper 5 and enviren area. Solid wastes in the storage area can then be loaded to loading hoppers using a proposed overhead crane with a clamshell bucket. Approximately 75 m3/day of leachate will be generated if there is compaction of the solid waste at the transfer station. If necessary, this liquid waste will be collected and stored in a 200-m3 leachate collection basin and then pumped and discharged to the nearby Chunliu Wastewater Treatment Plant. Finally, to improve the working conditions in the transferstorage building, a venting system. will be installed. The proposed system will provide a venting capacity of 30,000 m3 air flow per hour. The proposed Maoyingzi Landfill site is approximately 30 kin north of the Dalian City area on the west coast of the Dalian peninsula. lt is bordered on the northwest by Jinzhou Bay, an inlet of the Bohai Sea, and is south of the mouth of the Hongqi River. Much of the site was formerly used for salt ponds (for salt production by the evaporation of seawater) and prawn farm ponds. Consequently, much of the proposed landfill site is at or below sea level and is separated from Jinzhou Bay by an earthen dike with sluice gates to the ponds. Extensive mud flats, more than I km wide at low tide, fringe the bay. The proposed first phase of construction will commence at the south end of the site, which is currently being operated as a landfill area. The Phase I area will be approximatdy 5.0 km2 and will consist of a first stage and a second stage. The first stage of the landfill will be located on the northwest side of the Shenyang-vDalian Highway and has a total area of 2.2 km2. A 1.18 km2 portion of the first stage area will be used as the area for the construction of an engineered landfill. The second stage, which is located on the south side of the highway and has a total area of 2.8 kn2, has been designated as an excavation area for landfill cover materials, topsoil, and a potential clay source for use in the construction of the liner and/or cap. This second stage area has been tentatively proposed for ftiure use as a landfilling area. The first stage of the Maoyingzi Landfill is expected to receive solid wastes from 1988 to 2010. The average solid waste filling heights in the first stage area will range from 4 meters to 8 meters. Based on a domestic waste generation rate of 1,500 tonnes/day and a first stage landfill capacity totaling 12,300,000 tonnes, the remaining first stage service period is estimated to be approximately 16 to 18 years. 5-10 eU1W DaIn EAAOUl3.F3 The 1.18 km2 area proposed for the engineered landfill has been divided into seven major filling areas. The existing abandoned shrimp ponds will be used in the construction of the Maoyingzi Landfill to the greatest extent possible, with each shrimp pond acting as a landfill cell. There are approximately 25 shrimp ponds located in the 1.18-km2 area. Most of the shrimp ponds are rectangular, varying somewhat in size and shape, but averaging approximately 125 meters by 350 meters. Design of the landfill includes a 0.5-metr clay liner and a leachate collection system. Landfill design also includes a day cap, methane gas vents, and a vegetative cover. It is anticipated that the leachate collection will consist of perforated pipe that will be placed within a leachate collection layer of screened construction debris immediately on top of each cell liner. Design of the system will ensure that clogging does not take place through closure of the facility. The leachate will move through this collection system to a sump. From this sump the leachate will then either be recycled back onto the landfill or moved to a storage pond. Because there are two months in a normal year when precipitation exceeds evaporation, more leachate may be produced than can be evaporated from the landfill area. Therefore, the excess will be stored temporarily in a storage pond until dryer months, allowing total recirculation to the landfill. At this time, no leachate treatment system is planned. Gas collection vents will also be installed. The largest component of landfill gases produced during waste breakdown is metbane. Methane is generally considered by the scientific community as a significant contributor to global warming. This gas must be controlled so that gas pockets, explosions and fires, and general discharge to the atmosphere can be avoided. The burning or flaring of methane produces carbon dioxide and water, which does not contribute as much to the warming cycle as does methane. The landfill gas collection system will consist of two i.5-meter-diameter stone-filled wells located at each intersection of the leachate collection drains. There will be at least two wells or vents per landfill cell. These vents will then be either fitted with a system that allows for flaring of the methane, or connected to a gatliering system that allows for the collection and use of the methane as a fele soufc. uLUWIuipan.RyA.a9ww^I5-11 recycled paper ecology and environment 5.2.1 Alternatives for Dalian Solid Waste Component Two alternatives for solid waste disposal were evaluated by the Dalian University of Technology (DUT). These included incineration and composting. The DUT Envirowmental Impact Report evaluates these alternatives and indicates that landfilling is the most feasible alternative. The proposed landfill development includes improvements and expansion of the existing Maoyingzi Landfili at Jinzhou Bay. Because the proposal includes the use of dhe existing landfill area, no alternative sites were identified or reviewed. Likewise, the Suoyu Bay Transfer Station, which is a part of this proposal, entails improvement of the existing solid waste transfer facility at this location. Therefore, no alternative transfer station locations were analyzed. 5.2.2 Environmental Benefits or Dalian Solid Waste Component Further and proper development of the Maoyingzi Landfill will benefit the Dalian area by providing a secure location for the disposal of solid wastes, including domestic waste, construction debris, and nonhazardous industrial wastes. Over the 20-year life of the landfill, it is predicted that these wastes will average approximately 1,500 tonnes/day, 500 tonnes/day, and 625 tonnes/day, respectively. Without the development of the Maoyingzi Landfill, Dalian will not have facilities necessary to properly control these waste streams (E & E 1993b). Another benefit of proper landfill design and implementation, along with the associated improvement in the existing landfill, is the prevention of deterioration of ground- water quality, as well as seawater quality in Jinzhou Bay. In addition, the improvements proposed at the Suoyu Bay Transfer Station will result in lower discharges of leachate and polluted runoff into the Suoyu Bay area in Dalian Bay. This will have a positive impact on the bay's fishery resource, which is of prime importance to the economy of the Dalian region. There will be a general improvement in the Dalian urban environment upon imple- mentation of the solid waste project. New, larger, more efficient refuse collection bins and collection vehicles will result in less littering, a reduction in foui odors emanating from previously uncontained refuse, replacement of overflowing open bins. and less refuse collection traffic. Air pollution and noise caused by the presently used collection vehicles will be reduced because larger, more operationally efficient vehicles will be used. In addition to controlling runoff at the Suoyu Bay Transfer Station, improvements made at this location will eaXiw_Dan-a7EA,MnGIIW FI 5-12 also reduce the production of foul odors, as well as eliminate the smoke from fires that frequently occur at the existing dump. These activities will have a positive benefit upon public health by the elimination of uncontrolled waste disposal. Smoke from uncontrolled burning, which may cause respiratory problems, will be eliminated. The containerizing of exposed refuse and garbage will greatly reduce breeding grounds for insects and vermin, which can become disease vectors. By making these improvements, the Dalian urban environment will be more aesthetically pleasing. Such improvements may actually stimulate the movement of additional businesses and tourism into the region. As mentioned above, the Maoyingzi Landfill will minimize runoff and leachate flowing into Jinzhou Bay. The wastes will be compacted and placed in cells, and covered with soil. The depth of the landfill will be increased from the present 4 me,ers to 11.5 meters or more. This will result in preservation of valuable land, and will result -m the elimination of smoke from wild fires, as well as the reduction of foul odors from decomposing wastes. In addition, a buffer zone with trees and a constructed berm between the highway and the landfill will shield the landfill from view. This will have a positive benefit of reducing or eliminating any aesthetically displeasing aspects of the landfill operation, including the nuisance of blowing dust, paper, and plasticz. It is anticipated that landfill gases will be controlled via a system of wells. The gases will be collected and either used for fuel or flared. Decomposing material contributes to the emission of methane to the atmosphere. Methane is believed to be a significant contributor to the global warnming phenomenon. Therefore, construction of the proposed landfill with a landfill gas control system will provide an additional positive benefit by eliminating a current and future source of pollutant that may be contributing to this global atmospheric degradation. Another positive benefit of constructing improved facilities at the Suoyu Bay Transfer Station and the Maoyingzi Landfill is the reduction or elimination of uncontrolled refuse picking and scavenging. Although this can be an important in :hat reusable and recyclable material is recovered from the discarded wastes, scavengers may be exposed to health risks. More importantly, they can become transmitters of diseases that could infect a much larger population. Thus, disease transmission will be reduced once this scavenging activity is prohibited. _LtJIma' DCfl4 EN'I4'93.FE 5-13 recycled paper ecolp and emnnvwunt 52.3 Adverse Environmental hnpacts of Dalian Solid Waste Component land Use Ihe Dalian solid waste landfill will be located in a 5-kmCD area that was previously used for salt and prawn production. The change in land use to a landfill will not adversely affect. :he area if properly designed and constructed. The Suoyu Bay Transfer Station will be located on the site of the existing transfer station and will not result in land use changes. Sodoeconomics The proposed solid waste system will have a negative impact on the approximately 100 scavengers that currently make their living by remcving recyclable material from the waste deposited at the transfer station and landfill. Upon implementation of the proposed solid waste system, these people will lose this econorric opportunity; it is estimated that the scavengers currently earn an average of approximately RMB 200 per month. The State will have to incur the costs to support these individuals as well as the cost of having to replace the materials recovered during the scavenging effort. In addition, there will be increased costs inmrred in disposal of the waste that is presently recovered, which makes up approximately 2% of the total municipal solid waste stream. 5-14 6. JINZHOU AREA COMPONENT OF LEPH 6.1 JINZHOU WATER SUPPLYIJINCHENG PAPER MELL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL The City of Jinzhou is situated in the southwest part of Liaoning Province, bordered on the east by Shenyang and Panjing and on the north by Fuxin and Jinxi. The south portion of Jinzhou borders along Liaodong Bay of the Bohai Sea. The municipality of Jinzhou is located approxiately 20 kn north of the Bohai Sea on the Xiaoling River. The Jincheng Paper Mill is in Jincheng Town, which is located on the Daling River and is approximately 25 km northeast of the Jinzhou municipality. Thbe City of Jinzhou's water supply is currently obtained from groundwater sources. The city obtains water from seven waterworks areas or municipal well fields that can deliver a total of 266,500 m3/day (SAE 1993g). Many of the industries in Jinzhou have also developed groundwater wells for their own use. It is estimated that they supply approximately 350,000 m3/day (SAE 1993g). Of the seven municipal well fields, five are drawing water from shallow aquifers through which flow the Xiaoling and Nuer Rivers. These aquifers are primarily recharged by river flow and are direcly influenced by runoff conditions, rainfall, fluctuations in the two rivers between wet and dry seasonal flow rates, and industrial pollution. Four of the seven sources are within the municipality limits and risk becoming contaminated because of inadequate or insufficient wastewater treamnent. Groundwater pollution also goes beyond the city limits, and the Bozi water source is now in danger of contamination in the near future (see Figure 6-1) (SAE 1993e). The City of Jinzhou is anticipating additional industrial development and population in the urban area, especially in designated development zones. However, based on the existing water system capacity tO supply domestic and industrial needs, there will be shortages in 6-1 rcIie D _R pereInini recycied paper ecolag mud emnnvwn NORTh LEGEND: S.T. SECONDARY TREATMENT X OOnW sn hIUn P.T. PRIMARY TREATMENT Dangwanhfun r__1~~~~-~ CISTRIBUTION PLANT X ANiGQ ZH-LEVEL RESERVOIR Zhanglat(in 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~WATER SOURCE \=> | ~~~Jlnzhou C y.0ALT. BAIGU xiUAIE 1 u1 A _W.W.T.P. SITE C~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0.0 I 00ml / /|T CITY OF I I WT S RESERVOIR PLIANT HAO n _ w - - - - _ r~~~~~~~~~~~~ Elo(IRCE:Tnghil W81 A Pl 1ld. 30.00f 310 CITY OF JINZHOU EXISTING WARDISTOIUTCE water supply that will inhibit further industrial growth. Compounding this problem will be the possible abandonment of existing supply areas as they eventually become contaminated. Even though the City of Jinzhou is planning wastewater treatment projects in the near future, a new waterworks project has been formulated that will provide new supply to enhance the existing capacity of the city's system, as well as provide the needed capacity for future supply requirements (SAE 1993t). The first stage in increasing water supplies for Jinzhou is to develop a new municipal well field near Ludan adjacent to the west bank of the Daling River (see Figure 6-2). This waterworks project is aimed at extracion of up to 100,000 m3lday. The well field will be constructed approximately 500 meters inland from the Daling River flood protection dike. The proposed project will consist of the following facilities: .* Sixteen inline wells located on agricultural land 400 meters to S0 meters apart and drilled to bedrock at depths ranging from 55 meters to 67 meters (two of the wells will be used for standby, operating approximately 11.75% of the time); * A pipeline gathering system consisting of 300-mm to 600-mm cast iron pipe totaling a length of 7,340 meters; * A booster pumping station located on firmland near Baduan Village requiring a total area of 3.3 hectares, including two regulating reservoirs of 1.500 m3 each; * A 1,200-mm-diameter, 21-km-long water supply pipeline constructed of prestressed, reinforced concrete pipe from the booster pumpmg station at Baduan to the existing Daamu water treatnent plant; * A new treatment facility and pump station on farmland adjacent to the existing Damu water treatment plant and occupying a 2.2-hectare site with a capacity to handle up to 70,000 m31day (30,000 m31day of existing plant and pump station capacity will also be used for the proposed water supply expansion project); and * A 1,200-mm-diameter steel pipeline approximately 275 meters long. The Damu pump station currently pumps water through two existing 700- and 800-mm-diameter pipelines over a ridge at the Shankon Reservoir and into Jinzhou City. A 275-meter tunnel will be con- structed through the top of the ridge at an elevation of 65 meters to reduce the Liead of the Damu pumps by 18 meters. Ihe 1,200-mm diamneter steel pipeline will be laid through the tunnel to connect to the .- o existing pipelines at each end of the tunnel. N11Da E 6-3 recycied paper tcoIa and envinusnment 1! - - / JY~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 000V iico- Ii II Br)Vd4Ih....J~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~alm The Jincheng Paper Mill is located on the Daling River upstream of the proposed municipal well field development. The paper mill discharges up to 55,310 n3l/day of industrial wastewater into the Daling River (SAE 1993e), which makes the mill the largest single discharge point on the river (CRAES 1992). As stated above, the Daling River provides the majority of recharge to the groundwater aquifer, including the aquifer proposed for well field development. Continued discharge from the Jincheng Paper Mill thus places the downstream wells at risk of contamination. Because of the possibility of contaminating the proposed well water field, this project has been designed to include amelioration of the water pollution from the JiLcheng Paper Mill. -The proposed pollution abatement project will be performed in two phases, the first of which is a part of the LEPII. This phase will consist of reducing wastewater flow from the pulp workshop, reprocessing white water from the paper-making workshop, and the produc- tion of charcoal in the reed-cutting process. The reed is the basic raw material used at the Jincheng Paper Mill. The project will produce the following results: * Recovery of the red liquor used to produce 150,000 tonnes per year of adhesives or lignosulphonate binders (CRAES 1992); * Dail' purification of 30,000 tonnes of white water from paper mak- ing, resulting in the annual recovery of 4,600 tonnes of fiber and 8,000 tonnes of talc (CRAES 1992); and * Recovery of reed dust, i.e., reed chip fines, to be processed into charcoal at an annual rate of up to 4,0n0 tonnes (CRAES 1992). Based on Stanley Engineering's feasibility study, the proposed activities will result in a reduction in wastewater discharge from 55,310 m3/day to 31,645 m3/day, or a reduction of 42.8%. There will also be a reduction in discharged suspended solids from 87.44 tonnes/day to 29.76 tonnes/day, or approximately 65.97%. This will effectively reduce COD from 184.77 tonnes/day to 22.65 tonnes/day, or approximately 87.74% (SAE 1993e). It is anticipated that further reductions in pollutant discharge will result from the installation of a wastewater treatment plant at the Jincheng Paper Mill. This Phase II pollution abatement project, which is not a part of the current LEPI proposal, would consist of a water treatment facility providing screening, primary clarification, and secondary treatment using an aerated stabilization basin with secondary clarification. This system would further reduce suspended solids discharged to 2-98 tonneslday, which is 90% less thn the ULWIftnihDaT&kEA4MI3lFI 6-5 recycled paper eologv and environncent proposed LEPII reduction in suspended solids of 29.76 tonnes/day. There would also be an attendant 66.89% reduction in COD to 7.50 tonnes/year. A Phase II project, therefore, would result in total reductions from current pollutant levels of 96.59% for suspendod solids and 95.94% for COD (SAE 1993e). 6.1.1 Alternatives for Jinzhou Water Supplyljincheng Paper Mill Water Pollution Control Component The feasibility report for this project states that the best alternative for enhancement of an area's water supply is development of groundwater resources (SAE 1993g). These are considered the least expensive to develop and in this particular case, groundwater develop- ment was the first stage in a water resource development plan. No other feasible water resource alternatives were identified for this phase of the Jinzhou water development plan. A site known as the Jinling Reservoir, which is located upstream of Jinzhou on the Xiaoling River, has been identified for future development. An area east of the Daling River could be slated for development as a water supply; however, this area is farther from Jinzhou than the proposed development near Ludan west of the Daling River. No feasible altemative facility locations for the water supply development have been identified. In addition to the proposed method of reducing water pollutant discharge from the lincheng Paper Mill as discussed in this section, three alternative methods were evaluated (see the Environmental Impact Assessment prepared by the Chinese Research Academy of Enviromental Sciences). These methods were: (1) Convert the existing manufcturing process from acid pulping to sulfate pulping; (2) Install a secondary treatment system for wastewater at the mill; and (3) Divert the wastwater flow. Alternative 1 would allow efficiencies in the recovery of a high percentage of waste product. However, additional renovations would be necessary for extraction, evaporation, combustion, dust collection, and multibleaching. Because such renovations would be as costly as construction of a completely new paper mill, this alternative was considered infeasible. Alternative 2 was also found to be prohibitively expensive. Alternative 3 consists of diverting the current wastewater flow via a 1.0-meter- diameter, 35-kn pipeline into the Daling River downsteam of the proposed groundwater development project area. Even though this method would protect the Ludan area aquifer 6-6 from polluted recharge water discharged from the Jincheng Paper Mill, it would fail to reduce the overall amount of pollution currently entering the Daling River and the coastal waters at the mouth of the river. Therefore, this alternative was also considered inferior to the proposed method of pollution abatement. 6.1.2 Environmental wenefits of Jinzhou Components The current water-supply system in Jinzhou is not able to provide necessary volumes, and likely will not be able to meet the increasing demands as the economy develops and additional volume is needed. It is predicted that the present water system will fall short of required volumes by 98,900 m3 per day by 1995. The benefit of implementing the proposed water-supply project is that this shortfall in needed daily supply will be offset and will assist in allowing economic development to occur with attendant increases in the area's standard of living. The Jincheng Paper Mill pollution abatement project will have a positive benefit in reducing the pollution load of the Daling River, which is the major recharge source of the Xiaoling-Daling alluvial fan aquifer. 'he project will reduce the discharge of COD by 162.12 tonnes/day (87.74%), suspended solids by 57.68 tonnes/day (65.97%), and wastewater by 23,665 m3/day (42.8%) (SAE 1993c). This pollutant reduction will, in effect, protect the Laduan groundwater source by reducing the probability of impact resulting from paper mill effluet. In addition, following implemetation of the TLEPI facilities, fresh water consump- tion at the paper mill will be reduced by 21,300 m3lday, which will increase the availability of water, for which demand in the region has been increasing (SAE 1993e). 6.1.3 Adverse Environmental Impacts of Jinzhou Components Land Use The Jinzhou water supply project will result in adverse impacts by converting approximately 4 to 5 hectares of farmland to use as a pumping station, a water treatment plam addition, and water welihead facilities. However, this conversion of farmland will not signifi- cantly affect the overall farm output of the Jinzhou region. The pipeline associated with this project will result in no permanent change in land use. Following pipeline installation, land uses in effect prior to construction will be allowed to resume. However, future development 6-7 recycled paper colog and envronwncnl in the water pipeline right of way will be precluded. It is not anticipated that any resettlement will be required as a result of the proposed projects. However, farmers will be compensated by the local authorities for any short-term reductions in crop production as a result of installation of the pmposed water supply pipeline and gathering system, as well as for land taken permanently out of production for the aboveground well facilities, pumping station, and water treatment plant addition. Waste Generation Implementation of the Jinzhou water supply project will result in increased water use and associated industrial developmen. The increased industrial water use will then result in the generation of increasod wastewater. Adverse incremental effects to groundwater and surface water quality could occur as a result of the increase in wastewater. However, these effects would be mitigated by future improvements to the local wastewater collection and treatment system, which are in the planning stages and will be implemented as domestic and industrial development in the area increases. One wastewater treatment lagoon and three separate wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are planned for future development. lt is anticipated that the lagoon, with a planned capacity of 1,000,000 m3, would operate aerobi- cally and provide retention of approximately 68 hours. One WWTP with a capacity of 200,000 m3/day would be located near the lagoon to assist the lagoon with primary treatment. Two other WWTPs using secondary treatment and with capacities of 50,000D m3day each would be situated at other sites within Jinzhou. Ihese facilities are not a part of LEPII and are briefly discussed in the project feasibility study (SAE 1993g). Construction Impacts It is expected that air quality will be affected during construction of the proposed facilities. Temporary increases in dust from construction and combustion products from construction machinery are inevitable. Construction impacts will be short-term and can be mitigated. For example, construction dust can be cDntrolled by the periodic wetting of construction areas through the use of spray equipment and water trucks. Ambient sound levels in the areas of construction will also increase temporarily because of the operation of construction equipment. Sound level increases associated with construction should be slight and confined to the construction areas. Construction activities 6-8 UUl W7. A4M3E)FI are expected to result in typical ambient sound levels of 65 to 77 dB(A), with peaks of possibly SI to 90 dB(A) within 100 feet of heavy construction equipment. If necessary, construction workers will wear hearing protection to mitigate the effects of construction noise at the sites. Thesc elevated construction sound levels will cease following the completion of construction, resulting in no long-term adverse impacts to workers or nearby residents. Pipeline construction will result in short-term adverse effects. During construction, roads and other construction areas may require temporary shutdowns and detours, causing temporary inconveniences to people who use these areas. However, once construction is completed, roads will be repaired and open areas will be regraded, allowing use of these areas for activities that do not interfere with pipeline operations, sucb as agriculture. In general, buildings should not be constructed over water pipelines because sucb construction could interfere with pipeline operations. 6-9 recycled paper eceogy and enwirnunom 7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING Appropriate enviromnental controls will be incorporated into all construction contracts to ensure that the magnitude and extent of inpacts to the enviromnent that could occur as a result of construction will be minimized. The contraczs, under the supervision of the locally responsible agencies or bureaus, will be committed to the implementation of any and all mitigative measures outlined in the construction contracts. Table 7-1 identifies those agencies responsible for assuring compliance with environmental regulations during both construction and operation for each component project of the LEPI. Environmental monitoring following construction will consist of air monitoring, groundwater monitoring, or surface water monitoring during facility operation, depending on the specific component project. Monitoring responsibilities are shown in Table 7-1. The type and extent of required monitoring for each component project are discussed in detail in the respective individual environmenl impact assessment reports prepared by the local Chinese institutes and each project feasibility sudy prepared by the various consultants. 7-1 reUvHS D EaPer recycied paper rs°Igi and ewfrnnwn, Page I of 1 Table 7-1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Component Project Mangaement Agey Anshn W atcr Treatment Component Anb_n Urba Consmction and R1n1wal Project Officc (AUCRPO) and Anshan Envizunental Protection Bureau (AEPE) Bcnxi WaetcTminaunt Componcnt Bcnxi Ueban Conustucion Bureau (BUCB) and Bcnxi Environmental Prolection Bureu (BEPB) Fushun Waizwatcr Tretment Componcnt Fushun Urban Consumcton Burau (FUCB) and .__ Fushun Drigc Company lFDC) Becui Air Pollution Abatement Componcnts BUCB. BEPB. and Bnxu Awnotpbere Pjjos Office (BAPO) Dalian: Malan Rivcr/ChunCu Wastewaer Treatment Dalian Municipal Construction Bursau (DMCB) Component Dalian SolBd Wane Component DMCB Jinzhou Watr Supply Project/Water Pollution Jinzhou Municipal Office for City Rwonstuctn Abatement Companent Progrmm (JMOCRP). Jinzhou Water Supply Company (JWSC). and the Jinchg Paper Mill staff _LUIU6D set wi-Oh 7-2 8. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION SUMMARY The following tables summarize the environmental impacts for the LEPHI project components and provide a brief description of the measures that will be used to mitigate each impact. Also provided is the party responsible for implementation of each of the mitigation measures as well as the agency that will be monitoring the project to ensure compliance with all mitigation requirements. 8-1 recycled paper emig7 *nd envionmnnmn I $M§SS m [! t; 1{tt1!i1§T1 -!1 12 '-II "1tt II. __ 2 i ' h K _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~e 00~~~~g .~~" Page I of 2 Table 8-2 BENXI WASTEWATER TREAMENT COMPONENT SUMMARY OF ENVIMONMNEAL IMPACIS AND PROPOSED MJTIGAION MEASERES roeldNagauiI M_ L1ad uae Lad caNvers.oo Lamb impacted will be kcpt to abe BUCB BEPS mininaim iNCeMMy. Locaedin floodplain. No nod to convert _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ highuS er b mnficial w- . Residmenes Raoueulsen of Develop a rmulmmmm mehduk. BUCB BED pwk m periphy of plm location (40 to SO C _ine regultion for nmc :nem BUCR BEP a. Coon b. Provision of equivialea or bener Rivera and Sedimntation Sedimiation barriers will be Contcor BUCB sems dur couubmm esubbd w. co . my Flooding of plu Plm sme wil be aiwed abovc Design lumima BUCB itc duuing food-wage at other flooproof operatons measur will be iucorpoazd into Azb-lamelg Diumzrbare of Conucion wai to be baltd ir a Contrctor BUCB undiecoverd mi diacoveryin m_dc. Underond Sevance mmamin Contact loeal utlitiea prior to Contector 3UCB uzilitie. in sertice brak xcav.mios. Stme and taeds Tepota cloe Dcm will be eablied and Coactcor BUCB duing conuco ain and roods wi be reprtd fo__ _ o iciii i_ _ _ __. Socioeconomic. Inlux of UClr loca popultion to am Contrctor B UCB co _gruction wok pacticable. face to am Contr to povide on-ate Conractor BUC1 acU.nMtioloC6 if camIRY. __ BUCB to esum avilabiiy of BUCB BEam -cesst mrvwz. _ Rebociot of Resideau will be compensated and BUCB BEPB renkewt amr plin pnrvided with equivalent or beuer sie h in. 1- Spoil Dimpoul of surplu Matim to be disposed in Coatactr BUC8 spoil accoidorc wish an approvd dispomal plan. Spoil to be ued for coinarcion rIl BUCB REPS whete neded and cotction. landaping. or odwer needa. if _____ ______ ~~~~~apprv6c-. _ _ _ _ _ 8-3 eetv a n aeum Psge 2 of 2 Table 5-2 BENXI WASEWATER TREAThIEF COMPONENT SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MTGATION MEASURES Jim lapa Mitiatie Meennem R8.po. ,ily RespolUf N?oie Disturbancedurig Ceauuction am abowed at nig if contacor BUCB coucui o wilin 200 feet of "idcca. Worker bhaing proaxciam to be Coumct, BUCB provided. if necessary. Di.cbance during Intl naive comiol to buidigs, if BUCB BEPB facility opetation eid _ms. Air pollution Cd.n Lrom plum Ensue ploW i operaing efficienly BDC BUCB aperauo at all times.. _ _ _ _ _ Fugitivc dust frm Waelr sprydown to keep dust dow Conractor BUCB constucion if problem ir evident. Waste generanion Comnatkn debrn Conuain wasle and duipocal of at Contrctor BUCB accumulation proper diapoal fcility. Sludge pnrouced Diaee of sldg et paopedy BDC BUCB during plan dteged ladrfl. 11 _ S a~~perato Key: BDC - Den-i Drainagc Coneny. 8EPB - Beau Evsunemsl Proction Dururu. BUCB - Benxi Uran Conanain Bureau. 8-4 umIUD74OUDI Page I of 2 Table 3-3 FULSEN WAEWATh 1REAThIWr CONPONE SUMMAARY OF ENVIONMNO2TAL IMPACT AND PROPOSED MMTGATION MEA&SURES Pamodj Nepgi I i lmma e I M.iarimg l_____ -t I aManin j h Rampoy Agicumlnd P pers. co,- Developmem of land acquiaui FUCB FEPB vwrmio for plant dule. Cin.e tegulatioa provide for FUCB FEPB conmenion. _ Loss of mril friity Toproil from working width to be Couuctor FUCB folowing sower moed sprty. ingnilataon _ _ Exce. spoil to bc removed from Conractor FUCB Low of cccess Tiuporazy occ.. Connctor FUC8 coonantion beach wil be Tcnpry C onwill bc pvided. FUCB FEPB reduction in _______ _______ productivity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Rivera and Seda_Sedizuain barriers wil be Contractor aUCn tmilnso during conamtctiom egablidhed wtwrc neeasay duinqg A* cakogy Diorbancc of Co_auclion work to be baied if . Contractor FUCB 'I _________ undiscowered mise di= v mmmde. Underround sawerance rmaking Cnctlcal utiies pror to Conanctor FUCB j tiies in wrvice break excavation. S3mem and roads Tempomry cblm Detoun will be _abliabed and Contractor FUCB dufing cosruction fm and mad will be satidfucoily repaired folowing _ ______ facdity inlualion. Sociocconomica Inlux of Uilize ocal pqoplaion to exata Conutrtor FUCB coanitaon werk pfacticabe. foue to a Contreaorto provide on-site Conuscor FUCB accomodation, if necesary. _ FUCB to enme availabiliry of FUQC FEPE ncery muvacca. Pennane low of Compensaion vill be provided. FUCE FEPB _____agicuh land Spoil Dipomal of .nplus Material to be disposed in Couctor FUCE spoil accordnce with a approved dipomal plan. Spoil to be uwd for con _uctin fil FUCB FEPB whcre needed, road consnction. landsaping. or o needa, if app .pruae. 8-5 ecoiogy and environment Cl~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C lb-i I __ Ea ___ - - Table 8-4 MALAN RIVERICHlUiLU WASMWATER IREAATMENT COMPONEX SUIMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACIS AND PROPOS MITIGATION MEASURES Poential Negaive - n'imtatm Mam' nria 1t ImcPtd Milipatie, Mmwm Rempombaty Rempousiblly l1dunri Lamd cooversion Lad. iaepad will be kpt to the DMCB DEPB pnminn L_atd adja- caot_o muting indusa facility. Riwvrs and Sedimentation duing SedinwAioc banin will be Contctr DMCB cuanm clion abliahed wbue osemmry duting Amiasoly Disurbawcs of Co_munm wor to be baitd if a Concor DMCB undicovered mites discovery icand. Underground Severance ruuahi in Comct local utini prior to Contractor DMCB utlen cervice brak excavatro. Stmcet and Temponry clobur Detoun will be establrhed mad Contactor DMCB nudb during constuctio. sma and rads will be aidfactorily rpaired follo_ing facility inamlaetion. Socio- ln&x of comuurtcio Uiliz local populato to *xRn Contrctor DMCB econuoic. work force to am prcticable. Corctor to provide oo-rre Contactor DMCB AccModaiuon if mecmmy. DMCB to cnate availsbility of DMCB DEPB Spod DiE casl of uarph Materil to be diqpoud in accord- Contrctor DMCB spoil mne with pn pproved dwpoal pan. Spoil to be ued for co_nscion fill DMCB DEFS -ad needed. rad conunction. lbudApiqng. oroer _md. if _.appt _ _ _ _ Noaie Diarbnca duing Co _aactim miowed at nigt if Cetraclor DMCB co _witin 00 fent of remidencea. Wodkr hearing paection to be Contractor DMCB pruVWdd if nemarey. _____ ____ Disrabance during lmn saime cocar to buildinga if DMCB DEPB facility operato need an. Air poUution Odon fiom pla Enune pant i operting eflicirlay DSDC DMCB epeion at an iim. Fugitive dust firnm Wawer qydow lo kep dust down Contract DMCB con _tion if problm in eviea. Wate Cona etion debria Contain wat and dispoal of at Contractor DMCB ncrtion aSCUiAltioo prper dil facility. Sudge produced dr- Dipe of dge at property DSDC DMCB iqg pl opeaion demigoed ladfil. Key: DEPS - Dalia Evironntal Protecto Burnua DMCS - Dalimn Ugban Coe_rcio and R_ewal Projet Office. DSDC - Dulima Sewae Dischae Company. 8-7 .U.xM ffi6ARA&M 1 eeologv and environ.ent pap i oe2 Tabli 5 5 BENXI AIR POLLIIION ANATEMENT COMIPONENTS SUMMARY OF ENVIRONM AL IMIPACTS AND PROPOSED MMIGATION MEASURES hid Nqp iv. M M Repa_Mkimb lien ~~~Impac Naitiwm Memmarms RampoESmaiiY Respeumdblkly Induauial Pos _ble ecomo Facamy ums ben .m&nd wil SAI DUCS premamma loam only daui down tiepoearly. . Riva amd Sed ;-msiaim Sodirmzaaionbanir w Ml be Coutcu BUCB amanas duivnig c _uction sabliahed whre ince_sy duing connremIC60. Azmbadogy EDiuabume of Camction woik to be balcd if a casacr BUCB .nd.mcovmred ates dicovery is mmdt. Undc_juun S.vem ualking CacA localitia. pnir to BUCB uilia in mNVice bnak mxcavuio. SU*m mad noim Teymoy clbm.r Demm will be eubliXded and Coelactor BUCB dining co_annaio inru and rda will be .tisfaczvy epaird olwing ___________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ facility inma atios. Soc_o _conomni2 Inihax of Utlaie local popeladom to gonaM Cotoctor BUC8 c_auuctioo woat practicble. force teo as Cotractor provide on-seC c BUCB accomnmdaiia. if scemry. BUCR to _mu avaiability of BUCB . B _c__ cy annvca. spoil DiapomaD of uinp:-a MaenI to be diowmd in COUactor BUCB qapol accodednca with an appowd damal plan. Spod to be amd for coofactim fill 8UCB BE3B we _d mended, ed cnanwtion. .mWdcaping, or oder umeda, if _appropriae. qp Noise Diatance dunag Coou mo am anllowed at nigh if Comumcmr 3UCB coomuctica wihbin 200 feea or m .idonce. Wo. kw bearing pazamein to be Comae 31CR puwided. if mceamary. Air pollution Enimio_n Enure p-1 ia opeauvg *fficedy IPO BUCB permed levl at all timm. during opertion Fugitive dust from Water spraydown to keep durt dw Cowsr SUCB contnction if problem is evident. KCy at cad of tablc. eaw.'zmb wicai a 8-8 Page 2 or 2 Table 8-5 BENN AIR POLI)AIMON ABAIEMENr COMPONEaS SUIMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACIS AND PROPOSED MrrIGATION MEASURES Poimlia Nqaw_ lmm _tata Mm _imi ltm jme a M _ Rapo.ably RaqoiNulay Waga gnention Cmnactioo debria Conlain wane and diapol of ai Coau*Iaor BUC8 accunmudtio p.qw diposal facility. Dust colleced Dispoa of duel at propedly dcigled MO BEPB durin plan ladfill or for uac * w maerial opemuion elawwbom. cey: BAPO - Benxl AnUrmopbe Project Ofticc. BEPB - Benal Envimonxm Protecon Buneau. BUCI - Bcnxi Ug,n Canxuuction Buau. IPO - in-Plant Opualiaa. 8-9 recycled paper ecoloy and environa..a Pag 1 O(2 Table 56 DALLAN SOID WASTE COMPONENT SUMMIARY OF ENVIRONMENrAL IMPACTS AND PROPOSD MTGATION MASU uenIal Ngtiv Iinp inufZe Ma.lei Iwo Ilped M itigati Ma .m Rmpo.alblty Rnpmibi Tum onqiatioa Added air smissio Newr and more eficim vebicle DRTC DEES fia addiional will be ued dan, at prmt. lapof vebhil Additioxl tffic Majorgzy of trffic o Ctinfe mail DMCB DEPB med bet- tammfer minin m' huadill wiH occur duing ean-pek ____ ___ ________ traffic pe_oda. lAd ue Conversion of m If pan_a still in ma at lism of DMCB DEE'S and pmwn panb to coaverio, cowpe_neai fr me zuoli wirl be mmd. Jiozhou Say end Water pollutim Faciui will be deaigned to DMCB DEPB Dalian Ray frm tranfer salo. pratm wunof and acalte frm and bdfll munoff rchiog thm mrface watem. and easchae Groundwater CGrodwat Lanfil deign will inclde a DMCB DEP. pollution from leacbhal colionZ mymm Ul landfill kacac with ipE,viuar linee to peea leachete from machn tbe _roundwater mum. Air pallution Odou fiom wamm Collctio bim will be coveed to DRTC DEPS reduce odom prior lo collection. weU as uaing fewer and ler bin, with c.reulmr colection ecedule. Collection vcbiclem will be coeved DRTC DEPB to reduce oda during wranqocatio. both to the iamfer mata. and fimm ther uirnr mti. to the lndfll. Odo at tbe ludfill wi be uced DRTC DEPI by ite daily coveing of wame wih mail. Emfiaion of lbdfil A symem of as collection vea DMCB DEPB gs to a_mopb- will be inalled e landI to colet landil saw (mainly methanc) for fue ue or flaring. Far a facilil Fis in collectin bian and at DRTC DEPS trnfer aijan win be mdmed by inmtiniqg iqu alloctiom and raerers of water. thrby am allowing wane buildup. Daily covetnqg of ifimc in DIC DEPBS coquncliom with landfill gsa vning mye _ _ Fugtive dum fiom Vehicle will be covered to pmr DRTC DEPB vehicl dam frm blowing out of wagc bim _______ ______ during manspol_. Nome Dianubnte from Tranpa and eprtind vehicle DR=T DEPS opemtiaml acsivi6se wP' be maantained to pauv te emis of excen nAoe. U:UiiMa D@im)Di 8-10 Page 2 of 2 Tabk l-e DALIUN SOLM WASME COMPONENr SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACIS AND PROPOSED MhlMGATON MEASURES PMmhial Nmuaaiv 1 lmimumtaeJ Maoserin hem Imp-nt Mitition M Demuaj Rpubility Rmponulai Sociocconomics Permaneu loss of Devwlpuaaof fuma migs, if DMCB DEP1Umunicipal asit production and pousible, and comenl_lo for low. govemmm prawn production Economic oss to Jobs and/or cn antiomn or DMCB Municipal licemed sveners rbocation will be provided. if goveant ~amassy. Kay: DRTC - Dclian Refuise Ttanml Company. DEPM - Ddian Envimnnmcual Proection Buacu. DMCB - Dalian Municipal Conuction Bumeau. 8-11 @ W i ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~eobgv ad cowumunan ags I of2 T.Able 1-7 JINZHOU AREA COMPONENIS SUMMARY OF ENVJRONMOrAL IMPACrS AND PROPOSED MTGATION MEASURES Its I 1bEigai Mnu Rope_Vit Roposay s M 1 id _ ~~~~~Davlp_umof lad acquaio nJMoCR JE Cbim uuulalaa providc for iMOCJp JEP IA1 or soa ferfiliy TOPedl fiom working width to be Coucsor JMOCRP follwing wsrer ln mc d a "ely. Exces spuil to bc emoved fnim Cotractur IMOCRP . ~~~aa IAM of accaa Teinray acc" acoa Coazcar IMOCRP coagnaction unch will be _____ _____ ____ p r vid ed. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Tanyormy Couyeu.ation wil be prvided. JMOCRP Municipal eduction in govmO- _______ ______ pr dctvity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Rivw and Sedtton Saaoubamm wi be Coaractor IMOCRP atmams duinn conauo oablibed whee neceary duing co _nruc . Archaeology Diourbance of Conanxctiuc work to be baked if a Couuio IMOCEP undiwcvsad iaes diacovery in usade. Underoud Sevenee making Coct local Utilities prior to CoUacior IM)OCRP utiliie in earvice biak e ixcavaion. Roads Tcqoury cloure Detour. will be euabliabed and CoSCtor JMOCRP during conzuctio_ roab will be mnafactlay tpaind folloing facility inliautio.l. Permanentbaa of Coaawmaaion will be provided. iMOCRP Mun ipa a -ruhr bed gOVer.a Smociconomic. Indlux of Utiliz local poprala tono eeut Couiucior IMOCRP conmuufon wok pmi- b. forc to aren_ _ _ _ CoaOraco to prvide osiae CoRctor IMOCRP acc m m o ati n,if r cc .m ry. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ JMOCRP to einm availabiity of JMOCRP iP rcu aeryncea. P _bmnt lou of Cowyenaeiowill be provid. IMOCRP Municipal ______________agricilutul Land -OOMM Spoil Dipoa of mrpna Malrial to be diposd in Coruco JMOCRP aPOil accrde with n appd dispoal plan. Spoil to be uwd for constmction fill JMOCU E m where weeded, nod co_nuctiom. %andapivg. or other need. if 8-12 aLIWU _Da7.JDI Page 2 of 2 Table 5-7 JINZHOU AREA COMPONENIS SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES Noae Diuuibance dunag Coninuction not alowed at night if ConG ct/r *MOCRP conuructim within 2W fett of eidences. Worker bhria proction to be Conctor JMOCRP povided. if mcmry. Disurbance during Intal noise control to building., if IWSC JEPB facilty opertion need arises. Air poUution Fugitive dun from Water prmydown to kecp dust down Contnaor JMOCRP coratruction if problem is cvidcnt. Surface wr en Pollution of Dalian Enure proper opeqiKm of plant JPM JEPB River systems to pvent upua which could cause increased polutua . b~~~~~~~~oda. Pollution from ure Design. constuct, and operate. * JMOCRP JEPBMmunicipal of additional water rquired, new waswter treatunent govemnnem upply facilities in Jimi.z._ Water sUpply Polutio of aquifer proper design and inplenunation ZMOCRP/JPMl ZEPUJZMOCRP aquifcr of upuan polluuon abagcmcen Contractor proecu. e.g.. Jincbeng Paper Mill (aquifer echaried by Daling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~~~~~~~~Rive._ _ __ _ Wase generation Construction debri Contain waste and diaoaal of at Conactor JMOCRP accunulation pruper dispea facity. Key: JEPR - Jinzhou EnvironMena Protection Bumau. JMOCRP - Jinzhou Municipal Office for City Reconenwcion Proram. JPM - Jincheng Paper Mill. JWSC - Jizhou Water Supply Co_any. 8-13 mwab6FI%afIre mlogyv and environmest 9. REFERENCES Beijing Environmental Assessment Corporation (BEAC), 1992a, Environmental Assessment Report for Benxi Smoke-Dust Improvement Project (Coal Loading and Unloading Processes in No. 1-4 Ovens), Beijing. (BEAC), 1992b, Envirommental Assessment Report for BF Gas Dry Electrostatic Precipitation Project for Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 Blast Furnaces in Benxi City, Beijing. (BEAC), 1992c, Environmental Assessment Report for Low Concentration S02 Improvement Project of Benxi Power Plant, Beijing. (BEAC). 1992d, Environmental Assessment Report for Proposed Air Environ- mental Improvement Project, City of Benxi, Beijing. (BEAC), 1992e, Envirommental Assessment Report for Transmission Pipeline Works of District Central Heating System in Dongfen Area, Benxi, Beijing. (BEAC), 1992f, Environmental Protection Project of Liaoning Province by Loan from World Bank, No. 1 Sewage Treatment Plant in West of Anshan City, Report of Environmental Impact, Beijing. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), 1992, Report on Environ- mental Impact Assessment, the Projects of Moving and Constructing Water Supplies for Urban Areas of Jinzhou and Curbing Water Pollution Caused by Jincheng Paper Mill, Jinzhou. Dalian University of Technology, Research Institute of Environmental Engineering (DUT), 1992, The Environmeental Impact Assessment Report for Dalian Malan River Sewage Treatment Project, Dalian. (DUT), 1993, The Environmental Impact Report of the Treatment Project of the Municipal Refuse from the Central Area of Dalian City, Dalian. Ecology and Environment, Inc., (E & E), 1993a, Liaoning Urban Construction and Renewal Project, Benxi Air Pollution Abatement Program, Buffalo, New York. 9-1 raucyciDCpapr EeoganePImn YCId Dpape eology ad awrn,nac (E & E), 1993b, Liaoning Urban Construction and Renewal Project, Dalian Solid Waste Project, Buffalo, New York. Liaoning Environmental Protection Scientific Research Institute (LEPSRI), 1992a, Environ- mental Impact Assessment Report for Wastewater Control Engineering Project (Phase 1) in Fushun City, Shenyang, Liaoning. (LEPSRI), 1992b, Enviromental Impact Report on Municipal Sewage Control Project in Benxi City, Shenyang, Liaoning. McRae, Gi.D., August 1993, personal communication, Stanley Associates Engineering, Ltd., Edmonton, Alberta. Stanley Associates Engineering, Ltd. (SAE), 1993a, Liaoning Urban Construction and Renewal Project Office, Liaoning Enviromnent Project (LUCRPO-LEP), City of Anshan, Wasewater Treatment, Feasibility Study-Final Report, Edmonton, Alberta. (SAE), 1993b, LUCRPO-LEP, City of Benxi, Wastewater Treatment, Feasibility Study-Final Report, Edmonton, Alberta. (SAE), 1993c, LUCRPO-LEP, City of Dalian, Wastewater Treatment, Feasibili- ty Study-Final Report, Edmonton, Alberta. (SAE), 1993d, LUCRPO-LEP, City of Fushun, Wastewater Treatment, Feasibili- ty Study-Final Report, Edmonton, Alberta. (SAE), 1993e, LUCRPO-LEP, lincheng Pulp and Paper Mill, Watr Conservancy and Wastewater Reduction Study-Final Report, Edmonton, Alberta. _ (SAE), 1993f, City of Jinzhou, Groundwater Supply, Feasibility Assessment- Final Report, Edmonton, Alberta. (_ iSAE), 1993g, LUCRPO-LEP, City of Jinzhou, Water Supply Project, Feasibili- ty Study-Final Report, Edmonton, Alberta. (SAE), 1993h, World Bank, Liaoning Environment Project, Wastewater Treat- ability Study-Final Report, Edmonton, Alberta. World Bank, 1991a, Environmnexal Assessment Sourcebook, Volume I, Policies, Procedures, and Cross-Sectoral Issues, World Bank Technical Paper Number 139, Washigton, D.C. ,199 lb, Enviromnmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume I, Sectoral Guidelines, World Bank Technical Paper Number 140, Washington, D.C. 1 1991c, Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume m1, Guidelines for Environmental Assessment of Energy and Industry Projects, World Bank Technical Paper Number 154, Washington, D.C. 9-2 DaTEA.r 1 1991d, Worid Barnc Operational Manual, Operational Directive 4.01: Environ- mental Assessment, Washington, D.C. 9-3 reycw paper ecogy and APPENDIX A BASELINE WATER AND AIR QUALITY STANDARDS A-1 OM=diDCn74747AW*-Dl rcyecId paper end efwuonmoilf A.1 WATER QUALITY STANDARDS Water quality standards for the Liaoning Province, as well as all of the PRC, have been developed by the National EPA (Naiional Standards are only used when provincial standards have not been formulated). These standards are known as the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Waters (EQSSW) and are applicable to open bodies of water. For rivers, the EQSSW apply to water quality after mixing and diluting with the river water. nhe EQSSW are defined by five water use classifications, as follows, each of which has a set of maximum concentrations for various pollutants (see Table A-1). Class I - Very dean waters, for natural protection. Class U - Water used for drinking water source. Class m - Water can be used for drinking water source after some treatment Class IV - Water can be used for recreational use, boating, fishing, and as a water source for industrial water supply. Class V - Water suitable for cooling water only in industry and can be used for irrigation. The national standards also place further constraints on certain water quality parame- ters for water supplies used for irrigation. Examples include standards for temperature, and bacteriological and chemical quality applied to Class V surface waters under the EQSSW. Maximum values for quality standards, lmown as the National Irigation Water Quality Standards, are shown in Table A-2. Wastewater from industries, institutional locations, and municipal wagswater treatment plants must meet or exceed discharge requirements of the national Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards (IWDS). Liaoning Province has formulated its own standrds based on the national IWDS. Liaoning's stadards, which were modified to meet local conditions, were implemented in Febuary 1990. The Liaoning standards require that wastewater be treated to maintain one of two standards based on the beneficial uses of the receiving waters. These standards are: * Standard I - For discharge to Class m surface water; and * Standard U - For discharge to Class IV and Class V surface water. A-3 recyCled paper *enokgy mud enmnbment Pagc I of2 Table A-1 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALrIY STANDARDS FOR SURFACE WATERS (Concentration in mg/L. except pH) Surface Water Classification MaUxinum Coucentration Coniatuet class I Cl II__I_ Class IV Cba V pH (pH unia) 6.5 - 8.5 6.5 - 8.5 6.5 - 8.5 6.5 - 8.5 6.0 - 9.0 Hardnes <450 450 . 450 S00 550 Sulphate <250 250 250 250 250 Chloride <250 250 250 250 250 Iron <0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 1.0 Man,pncc <0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 1.0 Copper <0.01 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Zinc 0.05 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 Nitnztc Nitgen <10 10 20 20 25 Nitrite Nitrogen 0.06 0.1 0.15 1.0 1.0 Un-ioni_d Ammonia 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.2 0.2 Kjidahl Nitrogen 0.5 0.5 1 2 2 Ptiosphate 02 0.025 0.05 0.2 0.2 Pei nnnganac Value 2 4 6 8 10 Dissolved Oxygen >90% Sat >6 >5 >3 >2 COD clS < 15 1S 20 25 BOD <3 3 4 6 10 Fluoride < 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 Selenium <0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 Ansnic 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.1 MMccury O.00005 0.00O05 0.0001 0.001 0.001 Cadmium 0.001 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.01 Hexavalent Chromium 0.1 O.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 Lead 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 Cyanide 0.005 0.05 0.2 0.2 0.2 Phenos 0.00o_ 0.002 0.005 0.01 0.1 Key at end of uble. A-4 mħUIUDa4n?ASDI Pagc 2 of 2 Table A-1 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS FOR SURFACE WATERS (Concentration in mg/L, except pH) Surface Water Classification Maxioum Cocetration Constituent Clss I Class _ 11 Cluss I_ |[Clas IV Cl V Oil 0.05 10.05 0.05 051.0 Anionic Surfactant <0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 Note: Clss I = Very cean waer. for natural protection. Cls 11 - Water used for drinking water source. Ciss IIIl Water can be used for drinking water source after some tcatment. Cla IV = Watr can be use for receaional use. boating. fishing and as a water source for industrial watr supply. Cla V - Water suirable for coaling water only in industry and can bc used for irrigation. Key: BOD Biochemical oxygen demand. COD= Chemical oxygen denund. A-5 recycld paper eeoI d n t Pagc I or I Table A-2 IRRIGATION WATER QUALITY STANDARDS NOT INCLUDED IN CLASS V CRITERIA (Concentration in mgIL, except specified) Par_meter Maximum Value Tcmpcntu:, IC 35 Sodium Chloride 2.000 Sulphide I Benzcnc 5 Boron 4 E. Coliform. org/100 ml 10.000 Trichloro Acetic Aldchyde I Acrylic Aldchyde 0L A-6 All treated effluent must meet the discharge standards I or 11, depending on dhe classification of the receiving stream. However, in no instance may discharges be made to Class I or 11 surface water bodies. The Liaoning standards for wastewater discharges are presented in Tables A-3 and A-4. Table A-3 presents maximum concentration criteria for 32 water quality parameters. Table A-4 shows the maximum concentration levels allowed for 11 toxic pollutants not included in Table A-3. The Liaoning standards are considered more stringent than the national IWUDS. The IWDS include permissible limits on only nine of the 11 toxic pollutants listed under the Liaoning Province discharge requirements. Of the 32 pollutants shown in Table A-3. the IWDS require permissible discharges to comply with 20 pollutant limits. The Liaoning standards also contain the maximum wastewater flow, minimum water reuse rate, and maximum concentration for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and suspended solids permissible to discharge under Standards I and II from 24 industrial categories. These industries include mines, steel mills, gas plants, metal plants, petroleum refineries, petrochemical plants, paper mills, tanneries, breweries, chemical plants, pharmaceutical factories, bleaching and dyeing factories, fibre manufacturers, and food processing plants. Water quality discussions for the proposed projects address relevant information available within the areas of concein. A.2 PRC AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS Ambient Air Quality Standards of the PRC are depicted in Table A-5. The standards are based on three classifications as described by the PRC: * Class I - The air quality standard for protection of human health and ecological resources based on long-tern exposure to contaminants. * Class H - The air quality standard for protection of human health and ecological resources based on long- and short-term exposure to contaminants. * Class II - The minimum air quality standard for protection of human health and ecological resources based on acute and chronic exposure to contaminants. ~LU3MIIlDaTJ4N -A-7 rScycSd paper eeobg and _ni Page I of 2 Table A-3 LIAONING WASTEWATER DISCHARGE STANDARDS (Concentration in mg/L, except pH) Standard I Stoadard 11 PoDutaut Faciliites Faciities Faadti | pH (pH uniu) 6-9 6-9 6-9 6-9 Color (Dilution Factor) 40 60 S0 o0 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 30 60 60 60 Chemical Oxygen Dcmand 50 100 100 100 Surpouded SoLids 70 100 100 ISO | Pctlrolu 3.0 1.0 8.0' 10 | Gcw 10 20 2D 30 |Phenol 0.2 O.S 0.5 1.0 Cyanide -0.2 . O.S 0.5 0.5 |Sulphide O.S 1.0 I.D |1.0 | | Fluodc 10 10 lol l lop Carbon Dasulphide 0.5 1.0 !.0 1.0 Formaldehyde 1.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 Acrylic Adehyde 05 1.0 1.0 2.0 Medhanol 5.0 10 10 15 Pyridine 0.5 1.0 1.0 2.0 Hydratc Hydrazine 0.1 0.3 03 0.5 Turpcntine 1.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 Butyl Xanthogcnare 0.02 0.05 O.Z 0.5 | Benzcnc 2.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 Chlosobaznen 0.2 0.5 0.5 1.0 | Anilcne 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 t Nitro-bae 1.0 | 3.0 3.0 5.0 Anionic Surfacl 2.0 |S.0 5.0 10 Organic Phosphona Peticides (a 0.1 | 0.5 0.5 Ammonim-Nigen S.0 |_ 1S 15 25 Phosphate (as p)c . 10 1.0 2.0 ioUJIuiDX1w7arn3.nI A-8 Pagc 2 of 2 Table A-3 LIAONING WASTEWATER DISCHARGE STANDARDS (Concentration in mgIL, except pH) Standard I Standard 11 New Exiting New Existing Ponlutant Facirdies Fac; ilit Facit j Facilies Boron 1.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 Coppcr 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 zinc 2.0 2.0 4.0 5.0 Mangancac 2.0 3.0 2.0 5.0 Molybdenum 2.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 a In Dalian City. the stundard for new works is 5 mg/L. b For surace water fluoridc level less than 0.5 mgAL. the standard is 15 mg/L. C Standard required for discharges to rivcrs or sreams uacd for watcr stogec. and [or discharge to encloscd watcr bodies. A-9 recycled paper ceoop and envimmenn Patc 1 of 1 Table A-4 LIAONING WASTEWATER DISCHARGE STANDARDS MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION OF TOXIC POLLUTANTS (Concentr2tion in rng/L) Sltadard I Standard if No distinction betw _ Ponutaut existing or newr New Extig Fackici FaC;Ifi Faroa Toul Mercury 0.001 0.01 :.02 Organic Mercury undcclblc undetectablc undetectable r Total Cadmium 0.05 0.05 0.1 Total Chromium 0.5 0.5 1.0 HcxavaIcnt Chromium 0.3 0.5 0.5 Toul Lead 0.5 0.5 1.0 Total Nickcl 0.5 0.5 1.0 Total Ansaic 0.4 0.5 0.5 Total Selenium 0.1 0.2 0.5 Benzo(a)Pyrcnc 0.00D03 - Adsorbable Organic Halids (AOX) 0.5 _ - D