Environmental ID --: Assessment/Analysis Reports \j> C~ Reporl E)040 China - Liaoning Environmental Project EA Category B Environmental Assessment 2 of 12 September 1993 This report has been prepared by the Borrower or its Consultant EA2EU JUN 0 9 1994 RECEIVED TIE TWIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMNT REPORT FCR DALIAIL MALIAN RI-VE SENAGE TREATMEN P1LOJECT Research Institute of Environmental Engineering- Dalian University of Technology (Dec. 1992) recvcled oaper "-ologz and en.i-..nment ! AEseEsment UWnit: Envivronmental Engineering Institute of Dalian University of Technology PreGiaent: Zhangweixing Chief: Yangfenglin Compiler: Lizhiwei Part icipants: Zhouj iti WnXi&o Znyujun luguohua Xiangxueming Xujiingfeng Iangkeming- Examiner: Yangfenglin recvcfeager r,.,i.,e, anoi rfnin.nn.rni * ~Chapterl. Overview* . 1. MO of Project Dalian Malan River S ew a ie -trea'tment Poject * 1. 2. Unit In charge iTh Pr o wet Dalian mun.icipal Coaitriuctiecn Aid Ref orm Lea-ding Group W~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . * 1. 1. RRforence For Cm : :le : (I) Ex -i na'ti an 'And leply p-n The ?o 'lof Malin River S.wage Treatment Poject of Dalian O ssuzed by "Dalian Planning Comuitte (1192)*- - '- - (21 'View 'of World Bunk Delegation AI Ii. jth,j-992) on Report of Dalian Sevage Treatment Project 1Thiorld Eaink' 4y Stanley Corporation: of ;a .-d; .(3) _-:.Stuay :on 'Pei'sib i litrof 7'at Iaku er "Sewage Sea - Diechargiag Project ;' 'isued- b Daii -Gardens Dasigning * In~lstitu'te (Zth, 1992) 4) 'ESupplemantarY Report of study' f Fesibli'o of Balan * River Sewage nSea- DcaiPrectj0 8Isusd by Dalian Garden Disgping Institute (De .c. i$th, MOp (o) Invironentalg .Foreisting APrssesscent of-Stuty on Fe asi bity oi I i t ytiRiv ?S.Ii . af .S- Discharging Projet- issued PbyiDalan .Otea_ ni iromental -Protection Insti'tute of Natibi'al Ocean. .jureau ;SISTJ -: - g ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2,Yiat (hh lS; - -"" . , (6) Stuty on Fsmeasibility "of DLlit'a oeifiijio Bay Sewage Sal -Dischzrgin,g ProJtct_ isstud by Daian, r=t Protecion Ixiituef Jotioenlil doi u (iit;112, 1990) LrOjeCt' i8.ffit!i by- tDsl ia . Octii;,7s..ittattq . .oT 1t 4.Xnit omu nf af Prteetiod Rulrev AnId 7.J .d - - Al). Lat o` 'La' -Of of D ientA 1rotcio Epie's Repu blic of Cihina '. -. " Z-'2t LOI -if ' t --(2).: 'Xnvi-roneentalI Poteect1onad Lofai'Rue o .. Constructire Project', No.' OsJ., assud oo Enviro=ental . Protiectio Co'itte of Stateqouil Z ciIE) - . (;)*. BrThO5'tandard c. water uality in .Stanard'f e& . * i4L .Standai -of Directly 5si-DLifhzrgig" Seagsi It Costal . o -of Liacing ProTince '(C 32i2-'- 1 949 1.6. Seal of Assessment Reishiiiso Bay will be the main accessing area , which receive6 the sewage from Malan River,It locat at 1210 20 ' -40 ' east longtitude and 38* 50' -53' latitude.The entry of the bay is 16km wide and 4.8km away from the top of the bay. There is about 36km2of water area within the bay.In addition, the land part of tie sewage tretment plant, which stretch eastern to Nadating,that is the entry of Malan River,western to Malan River Bridge,northern to the foot of Baizi Mountain and southern to Sports Center with Land area of 5km2 . The atmosphere and sea area within this region will be regarded as what affected by sewage, thus, the environmental impact assessment limited within this area will meet the requirment. 1.6. Target of Environmental Project The project of Malan River Sewage Treatment is a environmental project item in Dalian, which will be loaned ny World Bank to completely solve the pollutant problems of Malan River. Chapter 2.Survey of project 2.1. Backgrounad And Importance of The Project Malan River is mAin flood- discharging and sewage -discharging Channel in south-west of Dalian with length of 14km and river basin area of 96 km'.Downstream of the river are main industrial area and residential area of western Dalian with over 80 of main sewage - discharging units. The sewage is discharged into vhe river through 39 pollutant -discharging points..Meanwhile,Malan River also recives the living sewage from about 30000D residents and overland runoff along the river.Total quantity of sewage reaches to 50000oma, which flow into Heishijiao Bay throuth the entry of Malan River. Along Beishijiao Bay is the famous scenic spot of Dalian. Its sea area are famous sea bathing and breeding farm of rare marine organisms.Meanwhile, it also acts one of the main sewage-receiveing area.From the coastal line of Lingshui Bridge to Fujiazhuang distribute main sewage - discharging points, part of sewage have been intercepted to the entery of 2 recvcled oaper ertdog% and etuimnrn, Malan River and its surrounding water area have been heavily polluted.Therefore,improTment of the water quality whithin Beishijiao Bay has become a imDortant environmental engineering problem waited to solve. To solve the pollutant problem of NEalan River,Dalitn City Government has built some projects in separate periods every year, is 1984.4km intercepting pipe in the western line of Malan River was built aLd in 1989 9km intercepting and sewage pumD station was built.1eanwhile, in 1990 Environmental Protection Institute of National Ocean Breau Compiled the. 'Study cc Feasibility of Dalian Heishijiao Bay Sewage- Sea -Discharging Projectand in February, 1992 Dalian Gardens Design institute finished 'the stuty on Feasibility of of Dalian Malan River Sewage Sea-Discharging Project-.From above,jRe can see,many prephase jobs of the project have been prepared, which will provide a good basis for further studys. leanwhile,1alian is also a city severely siort of fresh water resource.The mean person-owned amount is 703m¶,only 28% of the value of the whole country. In the seasons of insufficient water,some factories and enterperises had to limit the production due to the shortage of water, which reduced the revenue by about 1 billion yuans every year. Moreover, the amount of living water red:ced to 16-17 l/day for every people,only 1/5 of the present water-consuming quota. Although the Project of drawing the water of Biliu River to Dalian, which was invested more than 2 billion yuans, temporarily relieve the condition of shortage of water, due to the limit of water resouse in Bilin River, in the long term. This project can not meet the water-consuming requirmewnt of city development yet. In view of above, the method of reuse of sewage after intensive treatment has been brought into the water-consuming plan.According to the plan ,the amount of reuse of sewage will arrive to 9000omJ/day in 2000,and in 2010 the value will increase to 15000Dm 'Vday. Dalian Chuenlin Sewage Treatment Plant has built a experimental engineering to reuse the sewage after intensive treatment with capacity of 10000m8/day.The reused water has k been sent to Dalian Red Star Chemical Plant. The Second Gas plant and Tnermal Electricity Plant etc.for three year. The p.actice has fully proved feasibility of reuse of sewage 3 * recyclecl DaDer *-Jorl .iC" * n ine nornt 1 after intensive treatment. Therefore,through the comparatIon of many schemes and study of the feasibility of reuse of sewage, Maian liver Sewage Treatment Project is regarded as optimal scheme with feasible technique, rational economy and allowed enrironmental condition, which is based on the meeting of the water quality target of leishijiao Bay 2.2. SCheme for Sewage Treatment Project Three schemes hate been proposed on how to treat the joined sewage. (1ILScheme I-Sewage second treatment - part of the sewage will be under deep treatment for industry using Through second treatment, the sewage will reach the discharging standard mcde by Liaoning Province aid flow into Milan River, of which,40000t/d sewage will meet the requirment of industrial water. CD. Technological Process Fig. 2-1 and Fig.2-2 show the technological process of sewage second treatment and deep treatment. adding sewage Prim. aeration sec. _ } ~~ settle- sedi. B ed - station 3tank d tank discargin third treatment Legend: thicken water * - sewage settling ' removal - sludge tank room sludge transportation Fig. 2-1 Sewage second treatmeat technoiogical process recycled Paper t80gi nnd en.nmehI coagulant coagulant aid .- I l . I water after mechanicall -second BP,-I agitated hole reacting treatment -pump mixed tankI pond counter- double current layer _. refused F pant pipe chute rapid water pump sedi. pond filter house pond Fig.2-2 Sewage deep treatment technological process I' V). Quantity And Quality of Water .2-1 Original sewage quality (provided by Dalian Manicipal Construction Bureau) Pe!lutant content(mg/i pollutant content(mg/i ROD 216 Arsenic 0.02 COD 311 Mercury 0.012 SS 140.10 Copper 0.039 Oil 2. 14 Zine 4.48 Total Nitrogen 42-28 Load 0.058 ,4ItIlfide 4.09 PH 8-9 -1 i Coliform Phenol ; 0.39 group .6X 107/I recvce oaDer .,,aI.yI r nd rt i Tab. 2-2 Planned Amount of Sewage (Second Treatment) fB/d Y8/h 1Ma/min IMa/s Me an short-term 70000 ! 2917 48.6 0.81 daily value long-term 120000 5000 83.3 1.39 Max. I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Mal. ' short-term 90000 3750 i 62.5 I 1.04 daily | value long-term 156000 6600 108.3 1.81 Tab.2-3 Planned Amount of Sewage (thiud Treatment) Mean daily Ma/d M / h M a/min M'/6 | Value i 40000 1667 27.8 0.46 Tab.2-4 Main Water Quality and Removal Rate(Second Treatment) Water quality (mg/I) Removal ratie (S) ! Dischar I Item - , i pri.-T aeration[ stand-rd inlet pri sed. outlet sedi. sedimenti unified BOD5 | 216 151. 2 21.6 j30 1 86 90| 30 COD 311 217.7 80 30 63 74 100 SS 350| 7b 35 |6 | 80 390 70 NH-Nj i 40 T - 12 - 170! 16 6 recvcled caDer --h.p and enin.nn.en Tab.2- 5 Referece Water Quality of Sewage Reusing for Industrial Cooling water Standard IStandard in Stanoard in i Standard in Itar iin Shanyans ToLyo ! agova Dalian Turbidity 10 | 3.0-1.9 3.S -0.5 4.0 5S(mg,'l) -- _ _ 1.2-6.0 -- ! 8.6 BWDO(M s} . 10 10-2.0 -- 5.4 COD(mg. l) I 50(Cr) ! 12.8 -9.l(Mn) 9.2-7.I(Nn) 39(Cr) CL (ng.i"I) 250 I 126 4638217i NMa-N(ug.I) 10 16.8 -10.8 J -- 16.77 Total solid(cgl11 1000 389-351 1100-482 903 Alkalinity(ugil) -- I 93 -66 96'-48 J 265 P. f 5.8- 8. 6.8-6.7 6.5-6.7 7.4 Normal bacterica/=1 100 1 200 | J __ coli titre /21 0 j 0 1 O | _- Hardness mg/i 450 129-112 339-205 283 Remarks: Standard in Shenyan: Standard in the report of study on the feasibility of reuse of sewage in industrial area in Shenyan. Stnadard in Tokyo: The quality of water in industrial water -channel in Tokyo. Standard in Nagoya: The quality of water in industrial water -channel in Nagoya. Standard in Dalian: the quality of water in Chunliu River in Dal ian. †.I..~~. un'1~ .us . Mf....... recvcled oaper Tab. 2-6 The quality of inlet and outlet water through deep treatment Item inlet (mg/ 1) outlet (mg/ 1) BOD6 30 4-5 COD 60-100 30-40 SS 30--60 5 Nba-N 16-30 10-20 (2)Scheme 2.Sewage Primary Treatment----Far Marine Dischargment Through primary tratment, the main pollutants BOD . COD will be reduced by 30%,- while SS will be reduced by 60%, thus the sewage will reach the standard of water quality for marine discharging water, which will be discharged into sea far away from seashore through sea-discharging pipe of 3.9km in leagth. (D Sewage Primary Treatment Technologic Process sewage grilL [ pump house _ aeratic grit tank residu grit settling 1 transported water grit blower room by truck remove store platform tank transported I sludge storing sludge pump _- tank by truck A pipe 2 discharg- - ' adding pump room oiprlmsedi. discharging - Fig. '-' S ge Primary Treatment Technologic Precess recvcled DaDer crlop and enr.in.nmenm The sewage lift pumping room was designed by North- East China Designing Insitute of China Manicipal Engineering Corporation, now it has been pat into use. Thus the construction of aeration sedimentation pond, primary sedimentation pond. sea- discharging pumping room and chlorinator adding room will be the emphasis of this project. T'ne operation of adding chlorinator has two objectives: one for prevent the inner of sea- discharging pipes and the surroundings of the distributor ejector nozzle form growing -rine organisms, which will damage the pipes, thus :-lorinator need adding periodly and the other for. the vzotection of the sea bathing in period of infectious diseases prevailing, chlorinator need not to be added in normal epration period In scheme 2, the sea-discharging pipe will extend to the sea at the entrance of the tunnel at the foot of southen =;stern part of Baiyun Mountain, which is lOiSm long with Jlameter of 1200mm. The sew-discharging points of the sewage locate at 121 ' 34 5 62" east longtitude and 38a 50' 50 ' latitude. The sewage wIll be lead to the distributor from the seashore through submarine steel pipe of q'1224X12mm. This section of pipe is '01Dm long including lOm of distributor. The anticorrosion coat zill be painted on the inside and outside wall, moreover, lOz.- *-f inoxidizing coat will be added on the outside wall. tne distributor is composed of steel pipes with diameter of X -24X 12, qqO24X 10, and ql815X8. The anticorrosion coat and *oxidizing will be painted in the same way as the submarine ..wage-discharging pipe. Fig.2-4 shows the location of the m-tlets of the pipe. t ion of 'ater 'directicn d dist. from dist. form dist.froa semg depth of fro fro Fmja 1 scenic -ter |Jan dischargirn i (mn) distribrtora) |mPark( g dmn (a) are() r Wer (ml all 50' aOt'! j 29 l18Se !1 1Oj50 15ISO j3900 121* 34' 52"E J l_l__ (3) Scheme 3. Far Marine dischargment of Untreated Sewage After removal of large drifting substance by simple grit ---ttling and mechanical grilling in sewage pumping room, the recvcled 02Der .-ri.Igz uni ni. n-iul,.i,, o~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ 2<,; II J I49,a Il 3II.-tll;l A M W£ ,R , 1 ' |4 Xlnollai Park; z~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -! - -7 - l. - -- S. waste usalor < a 3 X ,- I ,:,, T~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~lo-a eenl Plalil; < b %g , # H '.n 7i B l: | s .@_, .; ~~~~~~~~@@ i; ~ 12 Plan D., : P Af .'"1 \ 8 u-'F,0 t ao~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I. PluiereAl u cD _,. v%- I s h _.S C,, o Pluji 4. to 3 _ ,% S -@ ' " 9@ ,/,_ ' ._ d . . ,' t' v be I.. F9 4:0re-svelct pians or waste witer marine disposal 6Y31,0111 In llo1sl11jIao Dilit' (dolled Aline la bounidary of scenic wator sloio pilanncd oii llay 1DS9) d o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~c a o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ._ _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ o a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Chapter 3: A Survey of the Natural Enviroment .S.1 The Geographical Situation: 3.1.1 Geology and Geomorphology I.The Heishijiao Bight Bleishijiao Bight is located on the southwest of Dalian City, which covers from Fujiazhuang in the east to Xiaopingdao in the west and is in the triangle shape. The bedrock along the coast is constitute of crystalline limestone, slate and. quartzitL formed in Sinian Period. The projecting promontory deep water near the shore,steep of bottom slope( about %) 6ake up the complex geomorphological pattern. Because different topogrophy, lithology, constructure and water dynamics, the morphology around the coast are not the same.They show various pettern.such aE abrasion terrace and razing level. Different size of abrasion terrace and ridge beach were developed in front of erosion cliff, which the width is 300- 40Dm in soft rock area and narrow in stripe from hidden under water in flood tide and exposed in ebb tide in hard rock area. In the east coast of Malan liuer estuary, the rock is famouns for having the structure of lotus flower type. And now the foot of clift is gradually abrLsed by the seawater and big collapsed gravel accumulated along the foot of clift. Because of insufticiency of substances source, the accumulated landform is not developed well, but the pattern iB typical and various.The tie bar of xiaopingdao in west cape is the accumulation of longitudinal flow in ware shadow. A closed deperssion-modern lagoon depression in the areas near xiaopingdao and the outlet of Lingshui are blocked up by outer bar. The accumulation of gravel at the foot of bedrock cape is formed by abrasion of bedrock and the gravel are not transported long showing clearly edge and the corners. Between the capes, there are low and narrow sand beaches which che composition are gravel, sand and silt, and most of there beaches -are developed and utilized now. Around the mouth of Beishijiao Bight, there are many islands which distributed in curve pattern are shape-like, and the islands erodes strongly by wave that cut to the shape of half side of mountain. ; 11 r recycIev paPer eoIog! and antir..nns..-. Fig.3-1 shows the distribution of bottom sediment type of Beishijiao Bight.From this figure,we can see that the area around teh coast is the division of sand and gravel in reef flat.The division of sand and gravel in reef flat is narrow in had rock and wide in *soft rock area. From the point of sedimentology,this division is divided into erosion division. The area of less than 5m contour (except the division of sand and gravel in reef flat) is the division of sand and g:avel. The sediment in strip-e form is stable deposition derision of transition facies.In this division, due to strong water dynamics, only coarse substances, such is gravel and fine cand can be deposited in this division. Due to the direct effects of wave from outsea, the sediment around the islands near the mouth of Beishijiao Bight mainly is sand containing gravel and shellfish. On the outer side of the sand gravel division is the division of claycy silt, which represents the stable depositionarea. - In the middle part of the bight are the deposition of silty clay. In this area, the deep water and stable dynamic surrounding form the relative stable deposition area of shallow marine facies. The geologic history of north Yellow Sea indicates that area used to be exposed about 18000 years ago.It was the north edge of Yellow Sea plain at that time.About 18000 years before present day, sea level rose and transgression emerged the Blain, therefore,this area became marine sediment enviroment. (1) Source of Substances. 01 Sand Carried by Rivers. Malan River and Lingshui River are the main river flowing into the bight. Lingshui River is 4.5km long and naturil converge area ig about 1Okm , now, the area around the river mouth is blocked by a sand bar-lagoon accumulation body.In low water discharge period,the silt content is very low and the river water penetrated into the sea through the bar. Ialan BiTer is 8.5km long, and its discharge capacity of a year is 185000t,the natural converge area is 20kM2. It is a typical seasonal river which in flood period carries a great deal of sand and gravel into the sea about 10000- 30000t and is the main resources of substances. But owing to mang intercept reservoirs in upper reaches, the river is almost dried-tup 12 recvcked paper eheDg! and nminsnmrn,n 2 bt ' 4__ _ __ __ _ _ X 'i,1 1f7 "" 'v.'';'.'. . . . E i:__ /_ < | ,_ < < _| 2 ' A 1 .,f'Il / r;1 .. IL. . * ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _ . Ad I- T'liu (listli-ilitLinii of holtou iiodlueiiL tyl109 in 11lolsiijillo glulit. 1.(4lilkoll; 2. 1.IIIUS111,11UD; 3. Xiiiolii * Park- 4. Hal.n R iv r; . 5. Fujia2hunno. n. 1.ls,:und; 7. Salliil aiiii lirviiol in iUect f'itit; 8. Oraviil muind witll silialifisi; 9. SnndI nilil oravul; IU. CI: yl-Y olicL; 11. Silty clay., ~gm P -L. in most of a year,and only in flood period, there is runoff. Therefore, there is not much substance into the sea. In short term,the silt discharge of Lingshui River and Malin River are not enough to form characteristic accumulation body in the entrance to the sea. The substance carried by rivers deposits in the estuary.The fine sediment is easily made suspended by wave and transported by tide flow. So, only small part of sediment is deposited in the bight and most of the fine sediment is transported into deep sea. $2The Transport from Adjacent Beach. Because of the little supplying of substance, unexist of silt flow and silt or mud beach easily eroded by seawater, this source of silt makes no contribution to the deposit of the bight. :The Erosion of Bedrock. The coast of the bight is erosion coast and the bedrock of the coast is hard rock of Sinian Period, which resists the weathering.There are only small accumulation of substance from bedrock of coast by clenudation. W)The Substances from Sea Bottom The analysis of residual current of Beishijiao Bight state that the direction of residual current along the coast is parallel to the shoreline while points to the bight in the mouth.The speed of residual current is small, about 5- 8em/r, so the sand-supplying from outer sea is normally rare. Above all,the sources of substances in the bight is mainly from Malan River,and then from erosion substances of bedrock and sea bottom,but the total amount of substances is little. (2) The Sedimentation Rate of Suspended Substances of Sea Water. - The determination of content of suspended substances along the coast of Beishijiao Bight is that the mean content of silt is S.330-l. 20mg/l in spring tide and is 3.95- 7.38 mg/l in neap tide. The distribution kihacter is the contour of content vZlue of silt decreases from coast to seaward. The vertical distribution increases from surfaee to bottom It mean that the turbulence of bottom water is strong and the transportation of suspended substances is ecctroued by tide flow. The monitoring of stable deposition division in thea bight 14 recvcled Daper lg! and entrinmment indicate that the mean sedimentation rate is 2mm/y. (3) Shallow Seismic Refraction. Fig.3-2 shows the section of shallow seimic refraction in s.outh area of Malan River in this Bight.The bottom bedrock is the stretching of coast bedrock which composite of kard rock of Sinian Period. About 10000 years before present day, with sea level rising after glacial period, the wave eroded and destroyed the bedrock, produced a great deal of clastic substances.Most of the substance was carried into deep water by current and formed the bedrock level of a convex upward and decline seaward.Then the substances were eroded from coast rock and carried by river deposited on the bedrock level. The sediment layer in bight mouth is about 2m and become thinner along the coast,but in middle part of the bight is about lim. So, the coast area and the areaof bight mouth is erosion area, the middle part is sedimentary area, but the thickneas of sediment is not big. -j- A Fig. 3-2 The shallow seismic refraction section I. Elevation; 2. Legend; 3. Bedrock; 4. Sediment The sewage Treatment plant. (1) The Geology. The site is located on the east bank of the lower reaches :Mhalan River, it occupies, the mouth area of Malan River aLfter filled to be a faltter field with a elevation between 3. 64m ui-d 3. 80m.The stratigraphic succession downward from surface re as following. ;TFill ing refuse:the colons greyish brown to greyish black -ad it mainly consists of the construction and lioing refuse ---d the thickness is 3. 10-4. 6Dm. .-,Clayey silt with grarel lens:Clayey silt is greyish black 15 n recycled oaoer .Di and .n.in,nnm.q, and eantaina argLaic mattAr. It& plasticity is from :.3ft plasticity tO flow plasticity,and It Is 5.8-9.9m thick. Gra:el lens is drab, its composition is quartzite with a size of 2-4cm, it is middle density and in a saturation state. It is 0. 2Cm - thick. 3rFine sand: lts composition is quartz witha darb color. It is middle density and in a saturation state. It is 0.20m thick. &Gravel:Its composition is 80 quartz with a size of 2-4cm, it is middle density.The crevice between gravel is full of coarse sand.It is 0.85-3.70m thick. ()Bedrock:It is strongly-eroded quartzite with a color of grey white.It in joint development.The rimrock is uneven. (2)The underground water. The high water level is 1. 55-2.20m downward from the surface with a elevation of 1.56-2.1fim.The stable water level is 2.20-2. 40m with a elevation of 1. 26-1. 46m. It connects with sea water, and the water lerel changes with tide. The permeability coefficiency of gravel is 30m per 24 hours. 3.1.2 Regime of Climate: I.The Air Temperature: Dalian lies in the middle latitudes area of the Northern Hemisphere,while is adjacent to sea on th:ee sides and is of the characters of the maritime climate. It belongs to the continental monsoon climate in the Warm-TemDerate Zoon. According to the observation by Dalian Weather Station, the annual mean temperature of -4.81t,while August is the hottest with 24. ot as the mean temperature.The maximum temperature in the past is 35. 3C (July 11, 1972) and the minimum temperature in the past is -21. it (Junuary 4, 1970). Table 3-1 shows the satistic temperature changer in each month of Dalian. 16 recycled DaDer r.-1°g. mnd ft...niuinmnt Tab. 3-1 Air temperature, in Dalian BQy (C) (1961-1980) Dnth I i tam: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 12 man -4-1.3 -3.2 2.4 9.4 16.0 19.9 23.2 24.0 20.0 13.7 5.7 10.4 . n Miax. i -1.0 0.8 6.5 14.0 20.7 24.1 26.6 27.3 24.0 17.6 3.6 14.4 ..fn Min. -7.0 -6.2 -0.8 5.9 12.0 16.5 20.7 21.4 16.9 10.3 2.5 7.2 re MIx. 9.6 14.4 20.1 27.8 33.8 35.3 33.3 34.4 30.7 28.2 21.7 35.3 axtrem.4in. -21.1 -17.0 -15.3 -3.7 3.6 10.2 14.2 14.8 7.5-1.2 -12.6 -21.1 2.Precipitation: Mean annual precipitation in Dalian is 668. 7mm, the yearly-maximum precipitation is 970mm(1951),the daily maximum precipitation is 171. lmm( July 11, 1956) . The mean annual precipitation days is 78 days.Precipitation mainly occurs in June, July and August( about 64' of annual precipitation) .Precipitation in winter(December,Jannuary and february) is minimum(about 4% of annual precipitation). 3.Bumidity in this area is high because of the effect of sea wind.According to the satistic material in years, mean annual relative humidity is 66%, its change is distiucthy regular, the one in July is the maximum which is 85% and 86%, and then it decrease to 55% as the minimum in January, and then it increases again. 4. Atmospheric Pressure: The change of presure with seasons is relatively great, and the chang of pressure with days is relatively small. According to the satistics of 30 years, mean monthly maximum pressure is in January and Feburary with a maximum pressure of 1014.2mb, while the minimum pressure is i1i July with a value of 993.5mb. The mean annual pressure is 1055.3mb. Table 3-2 and Fig 3-3 show the pressure change in every month: jnthj 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 anmalt 'KPa) 101.42 101.32 103.94 100.42 99.93 99.52 99.35 99.65 103.27 100.92 101.28 101.42 103.53 1' r 17 recvcled oaper r r..h and rnwin.nment prsouure (k)16 , .i\ '2 _/ 77,5 / 2 3 4 3* " 7 1 7 '* " n Fig.3-3 1 ceof pressure in differat seams * The Wind Condition The monsoon change in Dalian is distinct. In winter, northerly and northwesterly winds prevai; corresponding to the Mongolia High. In summer, southerly and southeasterly winds operate in response to the Pacific High presture area. In spring and autumn, the wind direction is unstable because of the alternation of monsoon. The dominant wind direction in a year is norhtwesterly winds. Table 3-3 and Fig 3- 3 show the wind frequency and mean wind velocity during 1980-1990. rn recvdled DaDer ..rIog nnd ern'irnnmen.. Tab. 3-3 Wind freauency and mean wind velocity (unit: % or mis) |~f. i t SW .E w X ~~~~~~~~~E *t7' w E A'E _ Xni mZ 1.3 Hydrology Tides level Short-term tidal observation was carried out to the east the month of Malan river outfall, in the northern part of :at, from the 7th of May, 1987 to the 5th of July, 1987. An NDR1 automatic tide recorder was employed which was located 38° 52.4' N and 121° 35.6' E. The reconciliation analysis the practic materials shows that tide in Heishijiao Bight basicly regular semidiuranl tide, while the solar i-midiurnal tide M2 is the dominant component current. The highest level 2.78m The lowest level 0. 66m The mean highest level 2. 72m The mean lowest level 0. 7T7m The spring tide range 2. 52m The neap tide range 1.41m The mean level 1.76m The highest design water level 3.29m The lowest design water level 0.26m The recurrent highest water level 4. 0m The recurrent lowest watei level -1. 25m Waves Table 3-4 presents the statistic results of wave data 'iserved during 1963 to 1980. The higiest wave frequency, 14%, -curs in the direction of SW, then O1%, 13% in SE, SSE :spectively. Maximum wave keight ranges in 1.3 -8.Om. It is notable that higher wave height may be observed Lenever typhoons pass by, then the ordinary height is 4m, Lile the maximum was height is up to 8m. To derive the design wave of deep water, we use the wave atafl963-1982) observed in the marine observation station in Aohutan and follow the methods introduced in Harbour 'ragineering Technical Specification ( the Ministry of , Communications. China). The average height of the highest one -tenth wave with a recurrence interval to 100 years(ll/100) is :brained by curTe fitting to the resuly of frequency analysis t the average heights of the highest one-teath waves. Then, 'Se mean wave height (H and the height (H1) with a cumulative Liequency of 1% are calculated based on H1/10 and taken as the design wave heights of deep water(30m) around the mouth of 21 recvcled 1,aper r.-oga,p and rn .ir.. Tab. 3-4 Wave data Statlon:Laobutla marine station N tE tE ENf e E_ se S 1 SSIW s l V_ N,ll 0 cen su~ 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 lL.sv 1.71 .5 2.5 2.8 4.8 4.0 8.0 4.8 4.3 4.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 1.3 2.0 1.4 0.0 2.1 2.6 2.7 3.4 3.2 3.5 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.1 2.7 2.1 2.I 0.0 fI(EcV68 1 2 3 6 2 10 13 _ 9 14 3 0 2 4 20 (Jan. 1953-DeC. 19839) a u e0 lei5hii iso Bight. Tible 3-6 gives the design wave elements of ceep water in various directions. Tab. 3-6 Design waves in deep water (recurrence interval: lOyears) r-ection | 1 fl1 (n) | : (a) r (s) I0 S_______ _ I 4.5 1 5.2 1 2.3 7.5 E | _ .9 | 5-7 j 2.5 |_7.9 SW 6.0 7.1 3.2 j 8.8 SE j 6.5 7.a5 3.3 9.2 3. Currents Tidal currents is dominant in currents of the Beishijiao Bight. Its general features are described, in this section, based on the data obtained at 13 diurnal stations of current observation in 1987 and 1990 by Institute of Marine Environmental Protection, State Oceanic Administration. (See Tab .3-6 and fig. 3-6) Fig. 3- 6 Distribution of current obseration station in Heishijiao Bight ;.I f0 C 1 ' I 4 l j$ 4 7 l ic, * -11. - H~~~~~~~~~~{ 23 r.?cvcdec oarUer--l and eminmnwnt Tab. 3-6 Position of current observation station Slion I Latitude(H) Longitude(E) Station | Latitude(U) LongituGe(E) 1 ' 3851'18, 1Z1'38'36" 9 381'9' 13" 121-30'40" ?) 3B 13'iO' l 121 *35'z2a 11 38-51'26 121 `36'06" - 38 '49' 47" 121*32'39" 1 38'49'54- 121 a30a 8' 4 38*5Z'30 tziLo2113sa" 38'50'090 121a31'16' - 38 '51'40" 121'36'06 d 38650'50" 12134'5S 38 '52'03" 121'34'58* B 38 51' 12- 1Z11'34'58 38 *151' 12135' 44 !, Characteristics of Tidal Current It may be concluded that the irregular semi- diurnal mi2 current prevails in the bight, and M2 component current is t dominant current. The depth of the bight varries between O e 40m. S. Forms of Tidal Current The forms of the current may be judged by the elliptici of the M12 component current, as showing in Fig 3-6. Rerersi current is noticeable except at station 9 sad 11 where rota current occars. - The major aies are directed along t shoreline at stations near the coast. 6f_ L ~~~~~~ 'I -G-w ~~~* i, Fig. 3-6 Major and minor axes distribution of 41 constant Heishijiso Bight (mid-strata). 24 recycled paper crmsuap anti envrn,n.fmcnI M iean SDring Current and Probable Maximum Tidal Current Table 3-7 and 3-8 show the statistics result calculated accoring to Harbour Engineering Technical Specification ( the Ministry of Communications China), The distributions for both the mean current velocity and the probable maximum tidal current velocity tend to be alike. Larger probable maximum current velocities can be found where the mean spring current is stonger. Tab. 3-7 Statistics of mean spring rate(W) Unit: cmls stationi I 1 2 | 6 2 7 9 |11 lnan| A |B Layer25 i nunjuz Sur'ac2 20.4132.918.91 27.4 39.1182.1 66.0 768 718.a Kidd1e 102:4 67.1 69.1 25 2 33.7 41.3 67.5 46.4 82.5 66.7 74.7 60.3 bottom 135.3 140123 9 26.' 124.2 64.8 54.2 42.8 40.4 Tab. 3-8 Probable maximum speed of tidal current(m) Unit: cm/s Station Layer 1 2 34 5 6 7 9 11 HualnIfHun2 & B Surface Z4.8 39.2 23.0 33.1 46,6199.2 I79.4 86.7 62.2 Middle 121.9 82.6 83.1 30.3 40.7 50.681.3 56.41 99.2 1 80.3 ; 93.9174.7 Bottom J 43.3 17.1 28.4131.9 29.41 80.5 J64.7 152.8 48.8 ). Tidal Carrent Field The feature of tbat the tidal current vrt ies with the tidal stage is noticeable in the current chart ( Fig 3- 7) . Based on calculations according to Marine Survey Specification . Near the shore or around islets, flood current sustains from 4 hours before until 1 -2 hours after the high water while ebb current comes about between I -2 hours after and 4 hours before the high water. The maximum speeds of t0ie rising and falling occur during 2- 3 hours before and 4 -5 hours after the high water respectively. Off the shore, flood current i s about in the period of 3 hours before to 3 hours after the high water while ebb current during the time left in the cycle The durations for both rising and falling are about 6 hours. These features indicates standing and progressive waves near L the shore or islets, and progressive wave off the shore. As for the rotary direction of the current, it is regularly counter-clockwise on the mid-stratum and bottom but disorderly 25 ) recajcied Daper .i-Npop and ,ntin,nnin, ! A-4e 1 ' .~~~~~~~~~~~~*'': 1..h _. ..4~~~~~~~~...~. I i:.I. Fig.3-7 Tidal current distribution in Beishijiac Bight (mid-strata) -: Tidal er ent 6 hours before high water +: Tidal c:;.ent 6 hours after high water C5' Residual Currents Residual current means in this section the difference between observed current and tidal current. Runoff, density current and wind-driven current are the main compositions of the residual current in this area. Residual current on mid -stratum at various stations are presented in Fig 3-8. In the area near Qixianling, stronger residual current may be observed, with the wpeed of abount 10cm/s. It flows at a speed of about 7cm/s near the mouth of the bight. Inside the bight and around the mouth of Maila River, the residual current iB very weak (about 2em/c). 4. Temperature and Salinity The mean water temperature of the Beishijiao Bight iB 11. 2 *C with maximum of 26. 2C (August 29, 1963) and minimum of -1. 9C (February 5, 1974) . The highest monthly mean temperaturc occurs in August which ig 22_2tC, while the lowest one occurg in February with a value of 1.3t, and those for the other month ranges from 2.1it to 21.1iC. The mean salinity is 30.3 %. within the bight, ranging from 26.88%6 to 30. 8 5%. The mean salinity for surface water is 30. 05., those for middle and 26 recvcled Daper -ilngp and enwi.nncnt J 7, ;03rJ29' ?4 ds ~ 7 9 u I ?g3-8 Residual current distribuition in ileishijiao (mid-strata) bottom water are )2.1756 and 30. 21 % respectively. The salinitY is -well- distributed vertically aLnd the salinity distribution is uniform from surface to bottom. In summer ( Jane -August) , the vertical temperature distribution in the bight is stratified, even the thermocline aPPears, that is, the -water temperature decrease with the depth incereaLsing, The thermocline intensity ranges from O. 3oC1m to O .42tC/m, and this, reuislts in the thermocline of water density ( density decreaLses with the depth decreasing which is advantagous to rising, dilution and diffusion of sewage discharged from sea bottom. 3.2 Situation and Assessment of the Ecologic Envirment The sewage discharging of MRlLan River affects the fleishijiao Big1Lt directly. In order to investigaLte the present StaILtus of marine oreganisms, 6'-11 stations were set up for different items, as Shown in Fig 3-9 ( boaLts could not sail .into the a.quaculture area, so the stations are all along the seashore). The investiogation was carried out in October 1989 (sutuinnl, JanuaLry 1990(springi, August 1990(summer). - I Present Status and Assessment of Marine Organisms 1. PhytoplanktonL (1). composition of sorts: rt 27 recvcled Daper i arid , hmn.nrneprtr di6tribution ic the bight i6 stratified, even the thermndonvirclinne a E-xt 0 I ka I - .ME -.: q6os~< _4,f-_XW 310 I .~~~~~~. I 30~~~~~~ I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I Fig.3-9 Sampling stations of Heishijiao Bight I.Lingshuiqiao; 2.Heishijiao; 3.Xinghai Park; 4.Malan River 6.Jinshatan 6.Fujiazhuang 7.Heishijiao Bight Bacteria: 'tat ion A, B, 3,4, 5, Ss7, 8, 30, 31 Phytoplankton: station As B, 3,6,7,8,9,30,31,32 Zooplankton: station A B,3,30,31,32 Chlorophyll a: station A, B, 3, 30, 31, 32 Benthos: station A,B,3,30,31,32 83 species of phytoplankton were obtaained from the surveys, which belong to 7 phylums including 56 species of Bacillasiophyta representing 66.3$ of total number of species, 12 species of Pyrrophyta representing 19% of total number of species, 6 species of Chiorophyta, 5 species of Cyanophyta, 3 species of Euglenophyta, I species of Chrysophyta and Cryptophyta. (2). Distribution of Phytoplankton in Quantity The chango of tho sorts and distribution of individuals had closely reliation to aseason, ie. they Increased with temperature of water illumination and nutrient salt, and had directly relation to discharge ie, number of tolerant polluted species increased rapidly at stations near the mouths of draining aewage. There was a high abundance of phytoplanktoi in each season in bathing beach because of action of human being. 28 recvcled paper rrtelog rnd cnl &ranment (3). Assessment Shannon-Weiner index of diversity was used for assessing -gansi5= in this paper N nt pL DI=-Z log- n=1 N N 'Sults of the assessment are listed in Tab. 3-9 and 3-10. The <--'bles show that: there were a few phytoplankton sorts, aud ,.;gh abundances in quantity and high percentage of abundance _r domiaant species in summer. The index vaire was 0. 78( heavy o.611ution). 14-15 species were gained in spring and autumn. e index value was 2. 83 in spring (light pollution) and, 3. 09 autumn (normal). Fig 3- 10 and 3- 11 show the assessing ~.sults of iadex of diversity of phytoplankton in four seasons. 2. Chlorophyll a Values of chlorophyll a and fixed organic carbon as a esentation of marine primary production _re listed in Tab. 3 ,i. From the result of the table, vaThe-of chlorophyll a and , oduction in summer was higher than that in spring, and that spring was higher than that in autumn. 0~~~~~~~~~~~ +.. - 6 s l-2 5; .- 2 0 . t~~~~~~ 2-3 oE-. Fig. 3-10 Assessment of phytoplankton with the index in the all year. 1. Linsshuiqiao: 2. Keishiiiao; 3. linshai Park: 4. HLalan River: a. Fujiaziuang: 6. Heishiiiao Bight: 7. Heavy Pollution- 8. Middle pollution: 3. Light pollution: 10. Normal| 29 ,ecvcled Daper r..Wte! and emnin.tuwn: Tab. 9S Hulilloa'iiiu )IotI ruita ltIoyLoPJiIIkLor Samirjij Silo DInsous Q IOallty of Haao or dosiuuiliil Doulnant Numlir n Il (callsa/ml) lolnailt spoclu uopucuI as pacies/Total of (cul Is/ni) I I_ apoui opG (I ) spWl: I as Ss"i'ia I _ 107 38 Skolautoieu;ma coslU*l 36.6 l1 3.I16 (uuy 2 flu 68 skeletonoua coslaliau 05.1 17 1.D7 l0og) 3 81 42 SkoleLugiola coshilti. G8.8 114 2.12 30 08 37 Skuloloiiuna colultum 37.7 13 2.01 31 92 32 Skolutoilumn costliat 34.8 13 2.89 32 41 18 Skolotoaiosa cosLutti. 43.9 II 3.118 Simuuor _ 128 382 kolaotolioua costatilq 78.8 8 0.74 (July 2 120 413 Skaletoncia cotahLuM 90.3 8 0.76 a 1090) 3 2213 2114 skahotonuma costattim 02.0 34 0.41 a 12J I ID Skoletwiemoa c0sLAtl4. 00.0 34 0.27 7 213 170 Skoleltonu'il costrinLIs 84.0 I 0.0 n E 0 Is 13 CuraLluu fuisiis 81.2 5 1.13 30 40 32 CeralillF tifiiIS 80.0 8 '1.22 a3 44 30 Ceralil iIIUIIB 88.0 9 0.76 32 730 679 SkolaLunoma vostatiu 78.4 a 0.00 Aitluuit I C0 22 Cliautacoros ap. 41.0 13 2.08 ((Ictiliur 2 73 21 Clhotocatlas all. 28.8 12 2.nc loan) 3 73 18 Prlunrosious sil. 24.7 18 3.04 a 28 4 Pluiiroulo.a op. 15.4 12 3.72 7 43 0 Hvlusiru sulcula 20.0 17 3.09 B IS 0 CliQotucoros usi. 13.9 0 2.81 30 104 78 Cliontocoins si'. 58.2 ID 2.48 31 38 D Holosiro Uliiiu'1uta 23.7 13 3.20 32 47 . HoHOL'a osillcuta 12.8 22 14.21 l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ s y Tab. 3-10 Seasonal conparisca of phytoplankton Iseason Name of Total Biomass of Number Di | AI Dominant Biomass DoLinant of Dominant Species (cells/ml) Species Specie species/ (cellslml) s TotalI species ;Sp-ing I Ske etonena 81 49 14 12.83 1 60.5 ;% I c%cotztum II_ I ; Suser {Ceratium fusus 736 28 7 0D78 3.80 5S. costaus | | 624 - - - 84.8 utAumn Chaetocerss sp. 32 54.2 Helosire sp. 59 5 15 3.09 8.47- Plenrosisia sp. I 12 20.3 ..22 . . ,~~ 0' - -n I \i.. B;-- 6 0S \ 1_5i75,; lF) >3 'n 1 Fig- 3-11 Assess5ent of phytoplanktan with index of diversity in Summer. . Lingshuiqiao; 2. ieishijiao; 3. Iinghai Park; 4. Halan River; 5. Fujiazhuang; 6. Heisiijiao Bisht; 7. Heavy pollution; 8. Middle pollution; 9. 'Liuht pollution; ID. Normal. ' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~if 31 recvcled Daper n-ergand rn,in-r ...... . Tab..3-11 Results of chloropnyll a Unit: Chlar.a - asA3 Organic carton - ia.c/d.I Season Sprins Sumer I Auumu lAverase Value A L.34 L.56 0.43 1.11 a 1.13 1.56 0.54 1.11 3 1.06 3.46 O.:5 1.69 3D L31 0.0 - 1.19 1.13 31 0.73 1.11 0.49 0.78 32 0-64 3.10 1.00 1.58 Avers 1.04 1.95 8.72 1.23 Value Orsanic 0.092 0.173 0.064 0.109 Carbon 3. Zooplaniton: 1 species of chromoaRdes, 10 species of ciliata, 2 species of cladocera, 9 sDecies of Capepoda, 1 species of Mysidacea, 1 species of Chaetogratha, 1 species of Tunicata, 1 species of Aequoreiiae, I species of Castrioida, 7 sepecies of Larra and 1 species of Nomatoda were gained form the surveys. The total number of species was 35 sorts. The average number of species in different seasons and areas are shown in Fig. 3-12. The seasonal change of species is shown it Fig.3-13. Peak values of total number of individuals occured in spring and autumn. The average density in summer, I .94X0' Ind/m' was lower, and the distribution of individuals was L.Ox 108 id/m to 6.0X10 indjm3. recvclec, naper 32 "019! and flWIhmnnent Zoop lankton: I Bpecios of chromonnadea, 10 species of ciliata, 2 species Cladocera, 9 species of Capepoda, I specier of Mysidacea, 1 c'ies of Chaetogratha. I species of Tunicata, 1 species of ,uoreidae, 1 species of Castrioida, 7 sepecies of Larva and species of Nomatoda were gained form the surveys. The total nber of species was 36 sorts. The average aumber of species in different seasons and eas are shown in Fig.3-12. The seasonal change of species is own in Fig.3-13. Peak values of total number of individuals cured in spring and autumn. The average density in summer, 94X 10d iad/m was lower, and the distribution of individuals s 1. ox io ind/rm3 to 6. Ox l' ind/m'. 25- *20 3i 5] TL 10;3 !1 5 7 ° =1 th) .3 12 Seasonal changes of phytoplankton in different areas. . "onth of Halan River; 2. Iingbai Beach; 3. Preparatory draining mouth . Fujiazhuzag; 5. Month- I ,. st. 1:~ ig 3-13 Seasonal chanses of number of species. SPring; 2. Summer; 3- Autumn; 4- Season. 33 recvcled DaDer r.-olopa and rEn%ir-.nnent 4. Nacrobenthic Animals (1). Sorts and Quantity 21 species of macrobenthos (invertebrate) were obtained in the surveys, in which 10 species of Polychaeta, 5 species of Mollusca, 6 species of Echinodermata, and I species of others were included. The dominant species were Lumbriconeris Beteropoda and Audouinia Comosa. Polychaeta represented 77. 22% of the total number of species. T&b.3-12 shows the distribution of Macrobenthos in quantity samples which came from the bight in October 1989 were not counted Decause of grab. (2). Assessment From Fig. a-14, stations A and 30 where the index values were between 1 and 2 were of middle pollution because they were far from the mouth of Wan River. Stations B and 3 near the mouth of Malan River were of heavy pollution as the index values were less thin 1. I~~~~~~- ''*.. - fJ~ I~~f~1932 I o Ia Fig. 3-14 Polluted d.ivisians in benthic animals. i. Linsshuiqiao; 2. Keishjjiao; 3. Iningai Par}; 4.. Halan liver; *;.zhuans; 6. Heishijiao a£ght; 7. Heavy Pollution area: 8. Hliddle polluti area. recycled Daoer 31eiu tmd rovnment 3-12 Results of microbenthos in quantity Unit: ind. /a2 : ine I October 1989 i. .aY 1920 i July 1390 Station i B 1 31 1 32 1 A I B 1i 1 1 B i 3 i T i ± es Iiotto mud i aud i nud Imud i mud inud Imud inud i nud r,.ccrcium Californiense I i i . 60 ~uac~arja echirnaa I t a Amphioplus depressus 460 Opicpholis airabilis 20 Cucunaria chronjeimi 40 .vriconeresis heteropada JI S 20 560 1 80 1 ; 600 Glycera rouxii 40 I I 20 Sinonereis heteropada 80 100 Lineus fuscoviridis 40 Polychaeta sp. . 80 Audouinia comosa Ij I 540 Sternaspia scutata f 80 Polychaeta sp. I 48 , Polychaeta sp. 40 4ereis lonsior 40 Sp. I Xacoma incogrua / Protothaca jedoensis / Nereis oxypoda J obranchiea novaezealandiae I Fuluia autica . Ophiura kinbergi W I Di __ _ .42 0.83 0.5e 0 | 11.70 Present Status and Assessment of Bacteriology ). Present Status: Bacteriology surveys were carried out while the organism veys in the bight(the position of stations shown in Fig.3-e). ed -on 66 data from three surveys, a tendency of effect of 'age from Nalan River and land was evident, which the nearer st and mouth of draining sewage, the higher abundance of teria, especiall.y coliform group. Coliform group in the og-e had a high death rate after entering sea water becau-se the effect of salt and visible light. Therefore few iform group existed offshore. Average abundance of *-fotroiDDs was over l.OX 10' indlml in the biEht. It said 1i conent of organic matter was richer in the water. The results of surveys show that seasonal distribution of 11-dance between heterotrophs and coliform group were as the !11. abundance in summerWautumn>spring. Number of coliform oup in summer was 1917 times of that in spring and 23 times that in aitumnn. In summer, there are millions of people to 35 recycled caper - mIz)sad ewne swim in the bathing beach while water quality is worse, so it Is even more ImDortant to slove the problem of draining land sewage. (2). Assessment Standards of assessment are: (D for coliform group,- national GB3097-82w provides that content of coliform group can not exceed J.OxIC4 ind/ml in the first, second and third class of the water quality standard sea water. Cv for heterotropis, based on relevant standards of Japan, as number in an area is less than I. OXOl ind/ml, the sea is normal; as it is between 1. OX 10 imd/ml and 9. Ox lO imd/ml, the area is of light pollution; as it is from l.0X I0 itd/ml to 1. 0 X 10" iand/ml, the area is of middle pollution; as it is over l.OX10I ind/ml, the sea is of heavy pollution; as it is over 1.0 X 10Q ind/mi, the sea is of very heavy pollution. According to above standards, condition of Voliform grou; over standard and polluted grade are shown in Tab. 3-14 and Fig. .3-16, Fig. 3-16. * ~ 0 6 .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~j Fig. 3-15 Times of colifoca group over the standard in sumer. 1. Lingshuiqiak; 2. Ieishijiao; 3. Iinshai Park; 4. Ialan live Fujiazhuang; 6. Heishijiao BiSht. 36 recycled DaDer e111ug ,nd -1nin.nmrp iL Tab. 3-13 Huitituiiaiu results of bucturfu Uuil:ICfetroltruaiis-I id colifoi i arouip- Ind./1 Sla ;L t il o a l11cerotruplis Col i form TiNc Illeuinlropilis "l I form Tha IILuLvul,til'iils Coll f(ill (ulituain) _ Clluuip (Sil'-illo) Z aoup (Siuwurl) Giwi I 89-10.25 70 (9 oU.5. 22 2.0 xlO 2 2 xl°3 00.7.17 G.Ox a lZ 22 x11 2 80.10.25 3.1 x102 <0 00.5,22 2.2 X1e3 2.2 x103 00.7.17 3.56 I3 2.3 xln3 3 89.10.25 1 A x105 2.4 xin6 90.5.22 2.5 x103 2.3 x 03 00.7.17 1.1I x (a 2.4 xi0n 4 UO.10.20 o.0 xI03 2.3 0)4 00,5,23 2.0 xi)4 .5 XI0o 00.7.20 8.5 XI l 2.3 xIfl 5 OU.10.20 1.7 x103 2.4 X0l on. 5.23 3.7 x103 2A x103 90.7.z21 7.0 x10 2.3 xIo n e3 180.20 2.2 x10 2.3x1O5 0n05 23 1.2 xI 2.2 x .7.20 1.2 x107 .3 I0 7 80.10.20 1.3 x10 2.3 x)40 90.5.23 1.5) x4O 2.2 xiO 00.7.20 LOXIlO 2. 3 xIf 8 80.10.20 3.8 04 2.3 x105 00.5.23 1.0 xlO' 2.3 1lD4 90.7.20 1.8 x105 2.2 xl00 n. 85.10.20 3.8 xlO4 2.3 x101 90:5:23 2. x104 242 3x04 90.7.20 4.2 044 24 xl05 30 80.10.25 1.4 xia0 2.3 x 9U 011.5.22 2.2 '03 2.2 x103 90.7.17 l.2 x103 2.2 x103 :1I 89. 10.25 I .2 x104 2. )40x 0o0.5.22 2.0 xI0 4 2.3 D4 00 o.7.17 5.0 xl4 2.2 x05 .. W . _ . _ . . _ ,,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ' ' .... ......... ,_._______ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Tab. 3-14 Times of coliormo urouip over thme standard and polluledl orade 'ationl lime Times polluted flmo Thuos po Ililatd Time Tmles pol Iluted Averago valuo over o1ade over aradla ovor crude sLandlard standlard standard Times Polluoted nvor arimuuIu standard 1 89.10.26 -0.99 normal 00.5.22 -0.78 normal 00.7.17 -0.98 normal -0.92 nnrual 2 89.10.25 -0.99 normal 90.6.22 -0.78 liolut 90.7.17 -0.77 light -0.85 IuIluE g 3 89.10.25 239 lleavy 90.5.22 -0.78 lioht 00.7.17 23999 heavy 879.1 hicavy U 4 89.10.28 1.3 lilit 00.5.23 -0.04 llght D0.7.20 1.3 1it 0.85 O.B6 lijillE 6 a9.10.28 1.4 lIglht 00.6.23 -0.74 lhlaut 90.7.20 1.3 1liglt 0.0B I u1hl a 89.10.20 22 lheavy 00.5.23 1.2 middle. 00.7.20 229 heavy 84.1 lieavy 7 89.10.2B 229 heavy 90.6.23 1.2 mlddla 00.7.20 220 heavy 163.1 hcavy 8 89.10.20 22 sididle 90.6.23 1.3 middle 00.7.20 230 heavy 80.8 mIddle 0 89.10.28 1.3 middle 00.6.23 1.2 middle 90.7.20 -0.78 mIddle 80.5 sIddIl 30 89.10.25 -0.17 lilult 00.6.22 -0.78 alddlo 00.7.17 -0.78 lIgUt -1.78 1light 31 1189.10.26 239 mtidile 90.6.22 1.3 11ntit 90.7.17 1 3 Iiddle 87.1 sidillo > 4, - I g. 3-16 Polluted srade. 1. Lingshuiqiao; 2. Heishiiiao; 3. linghai Park; 4. -Halan River: 5. Fujiazhuans; 6. Heishijiao Bight; 7. Heavy; 8. Middle; 9. Lisht. 3.2.2 Situation of fisheries culture 1. Situation Cultivated produsts and ratural'fiskeries resource in the bight play an important role in the fisheries culture of dalian City. Surveys were made in an area of 30km' form Fujiezhuang to Lingshui cultivating area. The total cultivating area is 15000 mus. Unde. a pinnatifida has been a main species, as well as some kelp and a few vsluable marine products. Tab.3-16 lists their product amounts and bendfit. Tab.3-15output of fisheries culture Species |Culture(raft) Output(Ton/Year) IValue(N Yuan/Year) J Undaria fresh 5000 13 pinnatifida 12000 salt 7000 23.5 b Laminaria 2000 fresh 5000 3 Japonica dry 1450 I A lbalone 1 150 23.4 2.3 I Scallop _ _ / 450 0.675 M Hussel | / | 2000 | 0.4 Total / / 42.875 39 recvcled DaDer EltI3! tnd *nfllefl 2. Problems in Cultivation U1). A lot or mussel and scallops were dled ror red tide In summer 1990, and the loss exceeded BMB$400000. (2). The colour of Undaria pinnatifida changed into greea in February 1990, especially areas near the mouth of Malan River Output decreased rapidly. (3). Rich nurtient salt in the bight came from sewage of Milan River, Lingshui River, the Second Hospital attached to Medical college of Daliau. Sunjiagou and cultivationg area itself. Content of nitrogen and phosphorus increasing was led by spreading manure to cultivated kelp and U pinnatifida. (4). An area of ten thousands mus, 5603000m from land, was full of Cultivatiag rafts. Depth of water was less than Tm. Because of long-term cultrue and waste water draining into there, areas from Xinghai Beach to the mouth of Malan River had changed into smell mud shoal. This prevented water frcm exchanging and red tide took place constantly. 3. Ideas Development and protection of marine valuable species and antural benthic shell will be the direction of marine cuture. It is necessary to manage source of pollution and to reduce the sewage discharge. 3.3 Social Enviroament and Value of Life Quality Milan River, with 14km in length and 96km' in drainage area, is the main flood-relief and waste water discharging cou:se in southweat part of Dalian. The river rises in Anziling, northwest part of Dalian, and reaches the sea from the apex of Beishijiao Bight. Due to the dam of Daxi9han reservoir, 6km upper reaches of the river, the down streams have been dried -up during the last decade excepting flooding seasons. The drainage ares of down stream is the main industrial and domestic area in Dalian. There are more than 100 industrial enterprises of machinery, metallurgy, electronics, textilem, food and chemistry ect. and 3000o0 residents. The daily total effluent quantity is 40000- 50000 tons, this is main source of pollution in the bight, and polluts tke sea area nearby and do harm to the bathing beach in Xinghai Park The coast of Beishijiao Bight is the famous scienit tourist spots of Dalian, Lingshuiqiao, Beishijiao, Xinghai Park ,Marine Paradise, Jinshatan and PFjiazhuang Beach are distributed along the coast from weat to east. The marine 40 recvcled Daper "legp and rn-irn.nmeni ireia of Heishijiso Bight is famous for kelp and precious aquatic products cultivations. On the bank, there are the Dalian advanced techiolohy zoon and the sports central base. The Dalian University of Technology, the Ocean shipping College, the Aquatic Products Industry of Technology, the Northeast pinancial University, the Nedical College, the Aadvanced Technolohy Zoon, the Dalian Sports Center are distributed from West to east- After all, The area along the coast of Heishijiao Bight is a key developing areas for .tourist, technology and culture and sports. 3.4 Assessment of Environmental Quality in Beishijiao Bight 3.4.1 Present status The investigation of pollution in water and bottom sediments of Beishijiao Bight has been performed by Dalian Environmental Ionitoring center with 25 sampling station ( Fig .3-17). The determinants in water were selected as suspended matter, DO, PH, inorganic-N, inorganic- P, oil, organic- CL fertilizer, cyanide, Hg,Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd and Ni. All the data are listed in Tab.3- 17. The data from the investigation are compared with the first class of National Seawater Quality Standards and -the evaluating standards of pollutions in sediments (Tab.3-18). It shows that: only the levels of oil exceeded the standard in water, especially in the area near Lingshuihe, which might be caused-by thee-drainage from a ship yard. The contents of 10 pcllutanta in bottom sediments e-eeded the levels of standards to different extends, where Zn, Hg and sulfides heavily polluted the area of interest with over 50% of the data exceeding standards and then the rates of exceeding standards in contents of AB, organic matters and oil amounted to 40%. The levels of Cu,Cr,Pb and Cd were relatively lower and the rates over standards were not up to 20%. The hajvily pollutod aroa was located at the mouth of Nalan River, which was caused mainly by the sedimentation of suspended matters sorbing various pollutants in water of Malan River and the long-term accumulation there. The area near the mouth of Yalan River were also heavily polluted by 7 toxic pollutants except Cr,Pb, and Cd. the area near Lingshuiqiao far from the mouth of ?alan River showed lightly- polluted where all the levles of 10 pollutants were lower than the standards. 41 -ecvcled DaDer tolop und en-irwivt-- aL Tab. a-1a Rustillt fiov IlIvOtIlioLalon In Water of llulaIaiJiao fioliL (Fub.10B5) Dater. Inandas_ . _. , _ _ Cuiecortru tioll (No/.) 8.8 no P2l COD Cell Zi Pil llu Cyanides Plionni CdiJor, I oil Stat lui I a 10.00 8.4 1.01 0.002 0.05 UD lip IID 2.8 x OC 2 0 x10 0.03 6 3 10 10.20 8.5 1.11 VD 0.06 UD 1.O XlO 4 liD 4.8 x0- L OAID 0.03 S G 14 10.16 8.4 0.01 0.002 0.04 UD II1 UD 2LOxl0I3 1.7x10 0.32 & 7 VD 10.60 8.4 1.11 UD 0.08 un 3.0 X10- un C.OX 0 3 . 4 xd0 0.02 10 12 10.10 8.4 0.05 UD 0.01 unD VD tin 4.0o x 03 LSxl° 0.02 13 21 10.1)0 8.4 1.26 n11 0.0G6 UD 3.0x10 . U 2un a x0-3 aO 0o- 0.02 IR 31 0.85 8.6 1.20 IJD 0.05 UD 4.0 X10 IID 2.4x1 0n3 1.6 x10 0.03 17 28 6.08 8.4 1.00 UD 0.08 UD 3.fl,d0 5 UD 1. 0X-3 LXI. 0O 0.02 10 l8 4.86 8.4 0.25 un 0.0a IID 3.0 X10- ui 2.0o x J03 . I xlO 0.02 21 25 4.08 8.4 1.20 0.002 0.00 UD VI) IID 2.0 xl3 1.6 XiF 0.02 22 21 5.05 8.4 0.90 IID 0.08 IID upD U 4.Ox10-3 1.7 x10 b.02 23 17 0.00 8.4 1.10 ViD o.0a IID 2.0 xl°- Un 2.0 xl0-6 2a k0Xl 0.03 25 40 0.45 8.4 1.21 UID 0.07 UD 6.0O xiO - 2. OX-3 I 0.03 II0: eendotactablo t, Tb. 3-17 Results from Investigation in Sediments of Beishijioa Bight ,FebD. 1985)__ _ __ _- - - - - Deterninras As Cu b Z Cd Cr Bg Sulfides Oil Ors. contents (mg/kg) zatt 1 116.71 UD I ID 1 117 1 UD 1 12.5 10.2801 794.4 1 534.9 14.32 1 2 50 6.8 UID 214 UD 15.0 10.101 1476.8 j 5U4.9 11.85 F75~~~~~~i | .0 6.S8 UD 214j UD 15.0 10.1011 476.8 1 54.i 1.85 4 6.2 6.8 D 280 lUD 40.0 10.097_1 4 5 5. . D 4. D 24.4 10081140.2 209.9 11.24 , 6 t 5.1 T 7.0 UD 41.4 UD nZ4.4 10.0581 140.2 203.3 11.24 I ____________16.__ UD UD 117 1UD 12.5 10.2801 794.0 1 541.6 14.32 a 116.71 UD I UD I 117 1 ID I 10.0 10.2801 794.0 1 541.6 14.32 I j____ _9 - 6.a 2.0 CD 23.3 | UD I 10.0 10.194 623.8 975.6 12.7, 10 |5.6 j7.0 UD 117 1 UD 30.5 10.1371 631.2 1 830.0 1z.8 11 4.6 116.3 U UD 19. l UD j47.5 10.0801 638.0 1 1020.0 2.93 | 12 16-2| 16.3 |UD 280 UD 40j 0 10.0971 447.6 710.0 |2.08 | 13 1 7.8 12.6 1CD 374 | U1 30.5 10.113I 255.6 408.1 11.24 14 17.8 126 U1 374 1 UD 1 30.5 10.1131 255.6 ~408.1 11.24 1 15 3-9 |UD UD 71 | UD I 10.8 10.4701 7.9 3613 4 12.08 - 16 110.il UD UD 256 UD I 10.8 10.9101 1271.5 3430.9 4.33 1i 110.11 a s0 1 256 11UD 10.8 10.9101 1271.6 3430.5 94.33 - 18 110.01 UD UD 256 UD 10.8 10.9101 1271.6 3430.9 14.33 is 1 4.6 16.3 UD 193 1 UD 147.5 10.080 638.4 11020.0 12.93 20 | 133 UD |UD 71 1 UD 1 5.6 10.470 7.9 361.4 2.08t 21 |3. 9 . UD | UD.I 71 | UDO 5.6 10.470 7.9 361.4 12.08 22 11.71 62.0 |UD D 425 | U1 15.0 10.9541 1159.3 |4132.2 15.62 23 11. 425 | UD 15.0 10.954 1159.3 j1225.2 24 I3.3 1133.0 125.24 2210 4i.75J 302 1 1.2221 2913.5 210464.1 25 122.91133.0 125.21 2210 11.75 1 302 1 1.22 2913.5 110464.1 18.86 UD: undetectable 43 recvcled Daper -.. gp and fn.imnmrn 3.4.2 Assessment Based on the present status of Heishijiao Bight, the indexes for assessment of water quality were designed as oil, organic-Cl fertilizer, COD,Hg,Cu,Pb and Zn, and for assessment of bottom sediments, oil, organic matters, sulfides,Hg,Cu,Pb,Zn ,Cd,Cr and As were selected as the indexes. First Class Water Quality StaLdards were used as the evaluating standards for water quality(Tab.3-19 and 3-20). The relative criteria from the Concise Specifications for the Investigation of Coast and Coastal Resources were selected as the standards for assessments of bottom sediments (Tab.3- 18) . Assessing models for individual index was selected as the models for assessments. P i=Ci/Si where Pi--- pollution index of each pollutants Ci--- determined concentration (or content of POllutants) Si--- standard level of pollttant The environmental quality in the area of interest was divided into 5 grades (Tab.3-21), refering to the Divisiut 1 Standards of Pollution Grades of Dalian Bay. Tab. 3-1B Stndards of Pollutants in Sedinents [ZOl [ pallutants Cu Pb Zn Cd Hg Is Cr Sulfides Orj.=att. Oil i tStandards 30 25 80 0.5 0.2 10 80 300 3.1: loo Unit: ms/ks Tab.3-21 Standards of Pollution Grades Pollution index C 0.2 0.2-1.0 1.0-2.0 2.0-5.0 > 6.0 Quality grade I I li lv V NP VP LP P HP NP: not Dollutant; MP: micro-pollutant; LP: little pollutant P: pollutant HP: heavely pollutant The indexes of individual pollutant and integrated pollution from the calculation by using the assessing models are listed in Tab.3-22,3-23. 44 recvcled DaDer rmhog-,t nn,l ni-nn C Tab. 3-19 National Seawater -Qualhy Standard (isBued by Environsental Protection group of Clate Colncil on April l l, 1982) First-cliss S9cond-clasU Tliiud-cinss Suspended matter Increasing quantity caused by luman Increasing qiia,itity Increasing qunntity caused by activities Is not over 10ao/L caused by Jhiman luaimnn rctivitios is not over activities is nat lO5u0/L iover 5gSD/L Color, fouling Soawater and aquatic products are no abnormal color. Seawater is no abuiormal nod smell foaling and smell calor, fouling and omell * _ I X I - -- - - .I Floating matter Tliere will be no oil slicks, floating foan andi otlier No obvious oil slicks forcion materials floating fpam anid otlier foroign materials Pll 7.b-8.4 173-18 0.6-9.0 COD <3ms/L (400/1. (OnD/L O OW5au/L at any tise OWmg/L at ally tile 25mg/l, at any time Water uwill not exceed 4"C of the local average temperature at tho tLcperature saoe time Fecal coliform will not exceed 10000 AL (water quality of shell fish cultivation for hlmani oaten raw is m not over 700 L) Patlionan Industilal and domestic wasto waters contained witih patihogen must be ulisilifected. Then it can > be released Inlo tlie ocean Sediselit Sediments of the sands will not affect adherence growtih of sliecies lharmfuil matter In accordance witli the demands of anximui allowed concontrationi listedl In Tible 1-3 Tab. 3-20 The jtxinlm allowed concentrations of harmful materials in seawater Name_of pollutants Hazinut allowed concentration as/L) Y4umber First-class ISecond-class iThird-class as 0.0005 - j 0.0010 0.0010 Cd I 0.005 1 0.010 I 0.010 Pb 0.05 i 0.10 0.10 4- Total Cr 0.10 0.50 0.50 5 ASX 1 0.01 5 0.10 10.10 6 1 ______Ca_ iOO 0.10 0.1 7 ~~~~zn j0.10 j .00 j 1.00 Se 0.01 0.02 0.03 Oils 0.05 1 0.10 0. . 10 | Cyanide 0.02 j 0.10 0.50 11 Sulphide icalculated as DO volatile Phenols 0.005 0.010 i 0.150 13 | Pesticides 0.D01 0.020 0.040 I4 linorsa mc nitrogen |L 10 j 0.20 0.30 15 1lnorsanic phospnorus 0.015 - 0.030 1U.045 so:e: Inorsanic nitrogen and phosphorus are the valvular values for preventing 2-! tide' in a wram current enclosed bishts; radioactivity in seawater should m ac=rdance with the restricted concentrations of open water resources jx .5J5-74 <>. 46 recycled paper iolug1 and rnminnienm ab 3-22 Pollution Indexes of Individual Pollutant in Water of Beisb£jiao iqnt DeterCinnnt | COD Oil C(PEF16 Pb RS Cu Zn nilut. Index Statiau . I ! -0.301 0.60 0.20 1 0.0 I 0.0 I 0-20 1 0.50 3 10.37 10.60 i 0.18 10.0 I.ZO o.0 I_°°_I0-5 6 | 0.30 6.40 0-17 0.0 0.0 0.20 |0.40 | 7 0 .-37 0.40 0.14 0.0 0.06 0.0 10.601 10 0.32 0.40 0.18 1 0-0I 0.0 0.0 0.40 13 ! 0.42 1 0.40 I 0.20 1 U.U I 0.06 0.0 I 0.50 16 1 0.40 I 0.60 0.15 I 0.o- | 0.08 | 0.0 | 0.50 17 0.33 0.40 I 016 0.0 I 0.06 1 0.0 I 0.60 lS .0.38 I 0.40 | 0.14 0.0 | 0.06 | 0.0 0.60 21 0.40 | 0.40 j 0.15 1 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.20 - 1. 22 0o.32 0.40 1 0.17 1°°! -0 . I o-o 1 0.80 23 0.37 10.60 |0.20 0.0 10.04| 0.0 | 0.80 25 0.40 0. 60 0.16 0.0 |0.10 1 00. 0.70. I t e7 recycied paper z,AIqo and "nsin-nMme Taib. 3-23 pollution indexes of Pollutants in Sediments of leishijiao Big DeLerismant As Cu Pb In Cd Cr Hs Sulfid Oil Org PfluterIndext As C es i uatt Station e t 1 11.67 0.0 0.0 1.46 0°° 0.16 1.40 2.65 0.53 1.2 2 1 O.a I 0.23 | 0.0 | 2.68 | 0.0 |0.19 0.51 | 1.59 10.53 | 0.5 I 0.50 0 0.23 I 0.0 12.68 I 0.0 0.19 1.51 1 0.53 10.5 4 | 0.62 | 0.23 | 0.0 3.50 | 0.0 |0.50 |0.49 11.49 |0.71 | 0.6 5 ! 0.51 0.23 !0.0 10.52 0.01 0.31 I0.29 0.47 0.21 j 0.3 6 I 0.51ijaS.2-1 0.0 10.52 10.0 0.31 0. 29 0.47 0.71 1D0., 7 11.67 0.0 I 0.0 11.46 o0.0 10.16 11.401 2.65 10.54 11.2 8 I1.67 j 0.0 I 0.0 11.46 10.0 0.13 11.401 2.55 0 (54 1.2 9 (0.65 ¶0.07 I 0.0 0O.Z9 10.0 1 0.13 1 0.971 2.08 0.9s8 T u.3 10 IO.ss 1 O.Z3 I 0.0 1.46 10.0 10.38 10.69 I 2.10 10.33 o0.2 11 1 0.46 10.54 | 0.0 12.41 O 0.C I 0.59 I- 0-48 2.13 1.02 1 __E 12 | 0.62 10.54 | 0.0 13.50 | 0.0 |0.58 0.49 |1.49 |0.71 13 0.78B 042 |.0 4.8| 0.0 038 0.57 085 0.41 |0. _______14 .78 10.42 14.58 0.0 0.38 0.57i 0.35 10.41. i.D 15 10.39 0.0 I 0.0 .9 0.0 0.14 2.35 I 0.03 0.36 |0.6 16 l.o o 0.0 1 0.0 3.20 10.0 10.14 14.55 I 4.24 13.43 1 1.^ 17 i1.01 0.0 0.0 13.20 10.0 1 0.14 1 4.55 4.24 13.43 . 18 |11.01 |.0 0.0 13.2 0.0 |0.14 14.5 i4 .24 13.43 | 1.: 19 10.46 10.54 I 0.0 j2.41 a. 0.50 1 0.401 2.13 Ii1.02 I.: 20 10.39 0.0D 0.0 |0.89 0.0 10.07 2.35 0.03 10.36 10.l 21 |0.39 0.0 0.0 0.89 |0.0 10.07 j2.35 I 0.03 |0.36 | . 22 11.17! 2.07 I0.0 15.311 0.0 (0.19 14.77 I3.86 14.13 11. 23 | 1.17 j2.07 | 0.0 |5.31 0.0 10.19 4.771 3.86 14.13 i.. 24 | 2.29 | 4.43 | 1.01 127.63 1 3.50 13.78 1 6.10 1 9.71 110.46 2. 25 1 2.29 1 4.43 1 1.01 127.63 1 3.50 13.78 16.10 1 9.71 110.46 Z - recyclea DaDer c4m.ur! ana rirunment A ;ssessment for water quality The pollution indexes of oil in water ranged from 0.40 to j.4o. The heavily polluted area was located near Lingshuiqiao, and all the other sea areas were micro- polluted. Fig. 3- 18 showed the grading of environmental quality in waters of interest. The indexes of Zn and COD showed micro-pollution. The other indexes showed unpolluted. 2. Assessment for Bottom Sediments The bottom sediments in the sea areas of Heishijiao Bight were severely polluted and all pollution indexes exceeded the standards. The mouth of Malan River was heavily polluted, the sea areas of Xsinghai Park, Lingshuiqiao and the area near Fujazhuang were micro- polluted. The middle areas investigated were medially and lightly polluted. Fig. 3- 19 - Fig.3-2B showed the grading of environmental quality for each index of bottom sediment. 1~ ~~~~~~~ ) 0~~~~~~~~~~~~ '5 iT 'E K ;: * >r,:,+.*.,* 1F .. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I t Fig. 3-17Samplins stations in Heishijiao Bisht. t 1. Lin_shuiqiao; 2. iinshai Park; 3. ialan River; 4. Fu.jiazhuang. t 49 recYcled Daper ok.gs d u ntir.innwrn N -Nk! 0.40 o-40 .-.- F ig. 3- 18 Enviroental Quality Grading of Oil in Vater of Beisbiiao Bight 1. Lingshuiqiao; 2. linshai Park; 3. Walan River; 4. Fujiazhnns; S. Heavily-polluted; 6. Micro-polluted. i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r N-4 6 1 0 k ... . -.; 04\ Fi g. 3-19 Environmental Quality Grading of Organic Matters in Sedinents of leishiJiao Bisht. .. Linsshuiqian; Z. ?lnghai Park; 3. lalan liver; 4. Fujiazhuang; S. Licro-polluted; 6. !edially-polluted; 7. Lightly-polluted- so recvcled Daper "-elug? and vnnnwnu *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 '.l 24 :;J -L1 -W - I km -_ i -1 -r89 . . 4' ¶ _ _ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~, -~~~~~~~~j 1 /~ ~~ i .o* . s ° :s Heishijiao BiSht Fujiazhuns; Fig 3-20 Environmental Quality Grading of Zn in Sedizents of Beisniiiao Bight. - Lingshauqiac; 2. linShai Park; 3. .Ialan River; 4. Fujiazhuans; -. .(icro-polluted; 6. Hedially-polluted; 7.Lishtly-polluted. \LI I km 1 k. 1wt::-- | / g ~ ~ ~ 7 '47 c-13 o,, 7; 8S \' ' 74~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 1.2.7 -.~~~~~02 C2951 4 in Sedinents of Fi 3 -21 Environzental Quality Gradins of Hg in Sedixents of Heishij iao Bisht. 1. Lingshuiqiao; 2. linshai Park; 3. Malan River; 4. Pujiazhuans; 4. Fujiazhuans; 5. Medially-polluted; 6. Micro-polluted; 7. LiShtly-polluted. ,lluted. 8. reavily-polluted r1 rec doaper r.o n 1 I §~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .,.j "r a40' 1 a?.E. .y. : rAo e.rt ,.¢ @6~~~~~~~0: e.px° 7g Ftg. 3~22:Environmental Quality Grading of As in Sediments of Ueishijiao Bisht. 1. Linoshuiqiao; 2. Iinxhai Park; 3. Malan River; 4. Fujiazluaas; Fig. 3- 5. Micro-polluted; 6. Medially-polluted; 7.Lishtly-polluted. I km - - r = : < + < - X 5~~~~~~ | |Y gf °-~~ ~~~23 ^23 zyj.3 ee 3 a- 32 3 Enviro=zental Quality gradins of Cu in Sediments of Heishiiiao Bight. *-Li=hsuiqiao; 2. linghai Park: 3. Malan River; 4. Fui iazhuMn- . -Unlpolluted; 6. Miero-pollirted; 7. Unpolluted; 8. Medially-polluted. g- 5Z A.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - i 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ;! ight. 1 719~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 Ra; ~ig. 3-2Sz Enir entnal Qualiy radngo Cr Hin Sediments of Beishiiao Bi t. UnPo luted; 6. 2!icro-pollulted; 7. Unpolluted; 8. -lediaIly-polluted. 23. j -'- - f.:3 , S E J °.h < ] /. - .~~~ - 74 ° .. -: w '5e- 050 0.14 C 0 Bignt. Fig- 3-25 Enrironmental QualitY Gradim of Pb in Sediments of Heishijiao Bisht. .lutd . Lnashuiqiao; 2. Xinghai Park; 3. .Nalan River; 4. Fujiazhuans; . Unpolluted; 6. LiC htlyt-polluted. n 53t re,Iurg and emmnownnmn I ~~~recvcied oaper ~~~~~~.. ......... - EA ~~~~ X ZX~ C .i ;eee/ T ig.- 326:Environsental Quality Grading of Cd in Sediments of Heisbij_;-O 9: '.Linsshuiqiao; 2. xlmnghai Park; 3. Halan River; 4. Fujiazhu:-ng; 5- Unpolluted. 6. HedialLy-polluted. -' /.hva'4e v'6 I-.-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-.r Fig. 3 2:7nvironzental Quality Grading of Sulfides n Sediments of H eishi3 Bisht. 1. Lingshuiqiao; 2. linghai Park; 3. Nalan River; 4. Fujiazhuang; 5. Micro-polluted; 6. Nedially-polluted; . Lshtly-polluted; a. Heavily-polluted; 9. Unpol'luted. 54 recvcled paPer rmllagr anal f -in.nruJnI A 4 1 ; ,.I , +¢ \ - ; ; -r;41 M~~~ Fig. 3-28:1nviroaiental Quality Grading of Oil in Sedizents of Beishiiiao Bight. 1. Linsshuiqiao; 2. linshai Park; 3. Malan River; 4. Fujiazhuang; S. Hicro-polluted; 6. Nedially-polluted; 7. Lishtly-polluted; 8 Heavily-polluted. recvcled oaper .lo.J ui and rmin.nment < X ~. 4, il ASJ.' iLa...'- chapter 4. The Environmental Impact Prediction of the Sewage Treatment-Drainage System The physical process of the waste discharged from the diffuser into the sea is divided into three phases. The first phase is the initial dilution of sewage buoyant jets. In the first phase, the time scale lasts from a few minutes up to half an heur, the apace scale is the same order as diffuser. In this phase, mixing of the waste water is primarily effected by the buoyancy and momentum of the discharge and their interaction with the local current and density stratification. The second phase is the sub- dilution and transport of contaminant plume. The time scale is about a few hours ap to a day. The space scale is about a few miles. In this phase, the waste field is adrected by local carrent and diffused by oceanic turbulence. The rate of dilution is very slow. The third phase is passive diffusion process. This .process occurs on time scale of ten plus to tens tidal cycles. The area is larger and is far from the pollutant plume disappears and forms a smooth and raried concerntration field. Corresponding to above mentioned three phases, to decribe the physical processes of different time and space scales needs different models. 4.1 Tnitial Dilution Prediction for Sewage Buoyant Jets 4. 1. 1 The Methods for Initial Dilution Prediction For water quality control and environmental assessment, the important factors are initial dilution of waste field (generally is represented by the minimum dilution), the waste field thickness, and the rise height to the top of the waste field as stratified. Those are called waste field characteristics. But the factors affecting the waste field characteristics are very complex, the semi-emPirical and semi - theoretical formulae or curves generally are given by experiments. This papar adopts Robert's results. 1. Unstraitifid Ambient Under the condition of unstratified, the sewage from the diffuser goes to the water surface. It forms the surface waste field (Fig.4-l). The surface waste field spreads each side of- 56 recycled pDaer -rnuiadrn.nrl the diffuser sy=metrically (Fig. 4-2). u-; _ ,~~~~~. )Surface waste field F I g. 4 -I 1 Definition diagram for surface waste water field. '__J__I_____ ____ FIg. 4-2 The surface waste water field under the condition of stagnant. In the light of Robert' s experiments and theoretical analysis, the normalized minimum dilution Smwc of the surface waste field i6 only controlled by Froud namber F and the angle of the diffuser to the currant: - f F, e? (4-1) i7 , recvcled oaoer .uni r'nirf *Sm=CO/Cm, F=u8/b where q--- the initial volume flux of the sewage q=Q/L Q--- the total flow of sewage L--- the length of diffuser u--- the ambient current velocity H--- the depth where the diffuser is located CD-- the conceratration of any kind of pollutant in the sewage Cm-- the maximum concerntration of this kind of Pollutant Roberts gave the empirical eurve(Fig.4-3) of Formula 4- 1 by experiments. It can ie applied for disign. For staignant (F?-D), the thickeuss of surface waste field is about 1/3 of the water depth. When F> 0. 2 and current direction is perpendicular to the diffuser, the thickness of the surface waste field is Lbout a half of water depth. The surface waste field width W can be expressed ae this: -L+1.18X (F-0.36) -1 8=900 F>D. 2 1i. 3La F6x-1 - ([l_{OD. 6BF-1'a) u] -" e=0 F>0D.2 (4-2) 3~~~~~~~~ ' . ZA, U Fig. 4-3 The ezpirical curve for surface waste field S. 2. Stratified Ambient. Under the condition of denditV' stratification, sewage buoyant jets rise to a certain height forming submerged waste field. On the basis of stagnant, submerged waste field spread out each side of the diffuser summetriciLly (Fig.4-4) . Under the circumstance of unstagnant, submerged waste field is swept 53 recvcled DaDer vlugi sMl ii n".lnrl` - . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~- f-- . EownstreaLm (Fig. 4-6). Although the submerged waste field look better than the 6urface waste field, the waste field initial dilution decrease due to the rise height of waste field ,.ecrease. For the convient analysis, we define the following Iczg, scales: ~~~~~~ I Fig. 4-4 The submersed waste field under the conditions of stasnant and stratified. /X-< I V~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t Fig. 4-5 Definition diagram for submersed waste water field. c9 recvcled caper . --Itpg and mnvirmment Iq=q2/M. Ih=ql 3/N, lm=m/h2/'3 where, M--- Lhe sewage momentum flux N--- the apparent buoyant frequency of ambient density stratification intensity. N=x - _. PR dz b--- the buoyant force flux of sewage b=g ( P ,- P 0)/ P o P .--- the ambient density Po--- the density of sewage g--- the acceleration of gravity s--- the nozzle spacing Roberts and others consider that the waste water out of the multiport diffuser may be regarded as line buoyancy plume in the range of 0.078l¢r> j-lg - n3+1 (4-16) wnere; the point, j=1, corresponds to the diEcharge point; the point, j=n+l, corresponds the fartnest end of plume middie Polygonal line. The line connecting the Jth and (j+il)th points *E tUe middle line of the jth segment. rec,'cieO oaner 4. 2. 3 Method to Calculato Visitation Fraquancy Visitation frequency is defined as the probability that the parts, which concerntration is over the value specified, visit the Doint. The plume concerntration method is used tQ calculate visitation frequency. The basic principle of calculation of visitation frequency is the ratio of accumulated time of contaminant concerntration over the value specified at grid node to total simulation time, which the concerntration field is obtained after the processes introduced in section above are done under the aid of computer. 4. 2. 4 Forecasting Results According to the methods above, the sub- dilution and visitation frequency are forecasted for the plan of ocean outfall in Heishijiao Bight. In this calculation , the quantity of waste water discharged ig 120,000 t/d, which is long-term average design discharge quantity, and colibacillus is as index contaminant and the concerntration of colibacillus in waste water is 1.6XiOTfl. The damping rate I of colibacillus is defined from the time Too in which it decays 90% under certain condition. 1=-1nD. 1/To, The value Too changes greatly in a day, it relates to the illuminance and other environmental characteristics of the area where sewage is discharged at different time. The costinuodS measurement on sewage from Malan River at the selected discharge suot is carried out referring to the experiment of the Parsley Bight (Canada) by Bellair, and the results are shown in Tab.4-2. Because Too is the function of time t, it should be considered that the different dinitial discharge time how to influence the results and 4 different initial times are taken to release sewage, which are 0:00,8:00, 12:00 and 18:00. B8 recycled paper E9tlIOs and .n'rnanmzenm Tab. 4-2 Result of value T-90 Time T-90 time j-90 Time T-90 1:00j 39.9 9:00 3.8 17:00 8.4 2:00 46.4 10:00 I 1.8 18:00 I 12.6 3:00 44. 1 11:00 1.6 19:00 ° 12. 1 4:00 1 42.1 12:00 1.2 20:00 13;6 5:00 39.4 13:00 1.5 21:00 17.6 6:00 19.7 14:00 3. 0 22:00 21. 3 7:00 11. 9 15:00 B. 1 23:00 28.2 8:00 6. 6 16:00 1 6. 3 24:00 36.8 According to the water quality criterion for bathing beach, the concerntration of colibacillus is 1.0x104/1 and its speed of diffusion is 0.6 cm/s Current field for calculation is obtained by interpolation of the measurement data in 13 stations from 19S87 to 1990. Fig.4-10 - 4-20 are the visitation frequency fields, qhich the initial discharge time is different for the selected plan, and dffectire simulation time Ts is 12h and 24h. The isograms of visitation frequency are lines valuing 0. 01, 0. 06, 0. 1, 0. 2 and 0. 5 respectively from outside to inside. It can be found that the area of visitation frequency is minimum in day time (12h) for the waste water field, which sewage is discharged at 6:00, it is because of the damping coefficient bigger in day time. The frequency of the outside isogram of visitation frequency is 0.01, that means contaminant plume visitB the line in one percent time, in other word, in one percent time, the concerntration of colibacillus around this line is over 10000/1. The shorest distance from the isogram of visitation frequency, which value equals 0. 01, is about 700m to 89 recycled Daper r-dng and en%irnonmen Fuj iazhuang beach, and is about 2000w to Xinghai Park. Fig.4-21 --Fig.4-28 are sub-dilution conceratration fields at 3h and 6h after different discharge time. The concerntration at the isograms are 1x l0J, 1 x 1Ot 2X 10'4 5 x 10i/l respectively from ortside to inside. It is given in Tab. 4-3 that the area where concerntraticn of contaminant is over criterion at different situations. It can be found in the table that the maximum area over criteria value are 0. 663km2 and 0. 725 km2 at 3h ard 6h after discharge. From the analysis above, and for the selected plan. the 0.01 isogram of visitation frequency never visits the bathing beach. 70 recycled paper rrumlog annul rnnmnnmcnt -~is = . ekou; 2. trinsshuiqiao; 3. linshai Pa^-t; 4. galan River; 5. Fuj;azhuan. S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ke I .t . ._ _ i g. 4-1 YVisitation frequency field of contazinant pluse (Plan A. tI.DO, 2z442h) . Rekou; 2. t.ingshuiqiao; 3. Uingai Park; 4. Halan River; 5. Fujiazbuang. recvcled 1aDer twolup and rminirmn-. a h. 'er~ o- ~- P Fig. 4-1 V Visitation frequency field of contaninant plume (Plan A. td=6.0O. t -12h) 1. iekwou: 2. Eingshuiqiao; 3. linshai Park; 4. Halan liver; 5. Fujiazhuans. *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I - 1 Fig. 4-16 Visitation frequency field of c3ntaminant plUMe (Plan A. te6O.D. t -24h) 1. Bekoa; 2. Eingshuiqiao; 3. linqhai Park; 4. Ralan River: 5. Fujiazhuang. 72 recvcled paper ..logp and niinnmam 0~~0 Fig. 4-17 Visitation frequency field of contaminant plume (Plan A. tt,12.00. t-l2h). I. Hekoun 2. Einsshuiqiap; 3. Iinshai Park; 4. Nalan River; 5. Fujiazhuang. 2 - -. Fig. 4-18 Visitation frequency field of contaminant plume (Plan A. tlf12.00. t -24h). 1. ffekou; 2. Ei9nshuiqiao; 3. linghai Park; 4. .falan River; 5. Fujiazhuan. 73 recvcled oaper .I.,lg and rmin.nmenll L~~~~~S 7.- Fig. 4-19 Visitation frequency field of contaminant plume (Plan A. tIf48.0. t -12h). 1. Bekou; 2. uiqiao; 3. Xinahai Park; 4- alan River; 5. Fujiazhuans. Fig. 4-20 Visitation frequency field of contaminant plume (Plan A. td=18.00. t -24h). 1. Hekau; 2. in9shuiqiag; 3. Xinshai Park; 4. Halan River; 5. Fuiiazhuans. 74 recvcled oaoer evologv and environmnn. / . I zh. 1 S -- ig. 4-21 The concentration field of sub-diluted contaminant plue (Plan A. t -9 00. 3 hours after discharge). Hekou; 2. Linashuiqiao; 3. Xinshli Park; 4. Halzn River; 5. Fujiazhuans. L . 4-22 The concentration field of sub-diluted contaminant plume (Plan A, t -O 00. 6 hours after discharge). :-OU; n. Eingshuiqiao; 3. Xirghai Park; 4. Malan River; 5. Fujiazhuang. I D 9i .IM4 Fig. 4-23 The concentration field of sub--diluted contamiat plume (PlaD A. I~~ ~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ , lb. t-00 3 hou d-e Fig. 4-24 The concentration field of sub-diluted contazinant plume (Plan a. t -6 00 6 hours after discharge). 1. Hekou; 2. iingshuiqiao; 3. Iinshai Park; 4. Walan River; 5- Fujiazhuans. 7B recycled Daper eecolt atid envintmen ( / ...; . i, 1. * -26 Thr concentration field of sub-diluted contaminant plume (Plan , t -L 00a 3 hours after discharse). zAou; 2. 7insshuiqiao; 3. linghai Park: 4. Ia]an River: 5. ?ujiazhuang. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~£ lV I .. I *4-26 The concentration field of sub-diluted contnminant plume (Plan A. tI -1200 6 hours after discharge). e^ou: 2. Sinssnuiqiaa; 3. iinghai Pz.rk; 4. Halan River: 5. Yujiazbnnnsg. F i g. 4-27 The concentratim field of sub-diluted contaM t plue (Pla A. t -18.00 3 hours after discharge). 1. Hekou: 2. Lingshniqiao; 3. linshai Park; 4. Malan River; 5- ?ujiazhrnng. "1./ Fig. 4-28 The concentration field of sub-diluted contaminant plume (Plan A, t - 8. 00, 6 hours after discharge). 1. Hekou; 2. tinsshuiqiao; 3. XinShai ?ark; 4. Halan River; 5. FujiazhnanS. 78 recycled paper ecoIogy and environment Numerical Modelling of the Tidal Current in Heishijiao ght For a certain sewage- bearing sea area, the physical iz-icatioc of sea water is decided by the environmental *AMlic conditions, such as circulation and exchanging rate of water. So. current field should be calculated to provide dynamic condition for the prediction of contaminant tusion and water quality. Heishijiao Bight is situated in the northern part of the ,Li Strait. The topography .s very complex because of tuous coastline and many islets. The current in the bight mainly subject to the westward progressive tidal wave in strait. Because the mouth of the bigh- is open widely and distance from the mouth to the top is short, no seperate DI! system can be formed in the bight. The tidal curront in bight is discrepant greatly, particularly near the -els and the islands, because of the effect of the complex graphy. From the harmonic analysis of tides, the tide in the bight 'ute dominant constituent, and the characteristics of - current is irregular semi-diurnal mixed tidal current. the numerical modelling of N2-tide is carried out in the The ADI method is adopted because of its good verification the results. 1 Governing Equations and Conditions Heishijiao Bight is a shollow water near coast where the water is well mixed in the vertical direction, Bo the two asional depth-averaged motion and continuity equations are A in the calculation of tidal current: sc +& En5-o ~~~~~(4-17) a a fi s____- (4-18) &av u y -Wrig-+g HC (4 - 19) °a E ay gv ae 'fgJ &t a7~a "rel H=h+ t, t is the water level above the mean level of 79 Huanghai sea, h is depth of water, C is Chezy' s coefficient, C=H"'/n, n is Manning coefficient, g is acceleration of gravity, f is Coriolis coefficient, U, V are vertically -averaged velocities at X-axis and Y-axis, respectively, t is time variation. The boundary condition of Equations (4-17) (4- 19) are following: the velocity componment perpendicular to the coast is zero at the close boundary. Along the open boundary, the value of sea level is given as following: (4- 20) where ( (t) is the tidal level at any time; and cr is the angular velocity of M2-tidal: 12 is the amplitude of M2-tidal gu2 is the lag of M2-tide. The initial conditions are as following: t (z1t, y o) =O, u (X, y, to) =v (, y, to) G0 (4-21) 4.3.2 The Results l. Verification of the Model In order to illustrate the validity of the model, the results of computation were compared with the observation data . The amplitude of M2-tide from the obserred data at the mouth of Malan River is 0. 98m, and the computed value is 0. 97m, that is to say, that both vaoues are considerabley closed. A comDarision between the computed balies and obser7ed values of M2-tida' current is listed in Tab.4-3. It is shown in Tab. 4- 3 that the absolution deriation of M2- tidal current speed is less than 3.3 cm/s, the deviations of current direction in most areas are less than 10 degrees. That is to say, the numerical results by the model are agreement with the real tidal current in Heishijiao Bight. 2. The Tidal Circulation in Heishijiao Bight In order to illustrate the evolution process of the M2 -tidal current with the lapse off time and in the space, pictures of distribution of tidal current in one 12- tidal cycle were drawn and shown in Fig. 4-29- 4-4o. Thbse 12 figures illastrate in detail the circulation and distribution in space of M2-tide in Heishijiao Bight. The turn of tidal current from ebb tidal current to flood tidal current occurs about one hour before high water, na shown in Fig.4-31. And another turn of so recycled pape wecologv and envuonmeni *' current occurs about on hour before low water, as shown Fig.4-37. The phase of flood-tidal current is from t-3 to t -The phase of ebb tidal current is from t=9 to t=1 of next Ie. Along the coast and near the islands, the speed and --tion of current varies complexly due to the effect of :-itry and topograDhy, near the islands, circum- currents re formed. The Distribution Characteristics of Tidal Current Field The interaction between the complex topography and the etward progressive tidal wave in the strait paticular a racteri6tic of tidal motion in the bight. Fig. 4- 41 dicates the distribution of M2- tidal current ellipsec in :ishijiao Bight, one Gin RAP thP chRrRetAriatift nf th4 stributlon ef the tidal carrent decreases continuously from -_ water to the top of the bight. Along the open boundary nP, the speeds are maximum, normally about 50cm/s. Near the --t, the speeds are the minimum, about 10cm/s. Around the a!id, circum-cu:rents are formed. In the channels between islands and the coasts rapid streams are formed, in the ,_Ziter part of the interested area and rotary current in the . of the bight and western bight. Tab. 4-3 The co0parison between observed resuits and co2pated results Position IHax-Current (cm) lDirection(desree) n'ion coordinates Iobserved co:puted observed c=rputed of srid result !result result result 1 21,46 50,4 47,1 74 81 2 14.30 30.3 33,0 76 69 3 12.16 38,8 38,0 55 47 4 28.28 10,1 10,6 134 129 6 25.28 17,3 19.6 106 94 7 24.32 24,6 22,1 117 107 _- _ _ - e _~ - _ ! , - I*.,J. ; .--. … -- . : :1 r . - - --- -. - - -- - .- ~~: - - ~ - -- -- --- * \ , ~*,*, ,-_-_-_-_-_-…*_-_._-_- -* - ~~,, --. ~ -- - - - - - - -- ----sz-. - - - - -- - - - - - - - * , 1 '!,,___,_________ __ , \ ., / i,, ,,, _ ,___-_- - - - - - - - - - *- - - - _ _ _ 1,,,,,,, ,_____---_--------_ _i r-.. . ;/,/ ,f/,/,., __ Fig. 4-29 H_tidal current in Heishijian Bisht (t,_h) / - ;t /,_s_ d - -e- --- - ---------- , % Fig. 4-30 N1-tidal current in HeishUi.j. Bight(ft=h) .82 reccle ::pe CflIOp an nfom r I~~~~ L - T::-: --.-.-_:;. ¢.. . . . . . . ,- ,,, ...........- K. i .. . . . . . . . . _. :: : .:- - . F i g. 4-31 HZ.-.ti.da . .c . ..e.t i. es.ja .ight .t. . 7 - .3 - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . ..... . . .. I- - - *- - - -- -- - ,. ......................................... . . .. .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . ................... .............. , ............ ,. .,,. . , .. ................ _ ~~~. . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . ....... --- 1 ... - ......................... I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -------- --- . . . I~~~~~~~~~ . .- . . . . r- ............. _ . .. ... ... . . . . ...____ . . . . r - - - - - - - ___- lI i ._,.. .. ....-....---.-.-.-.-.- - - - - - _ _ _ _ . _ _ . - - ._,, LM.S - ~*- .. .… . .. -r, - - - - - - - - - - - -L 7ig 4-3 H2-tidal current in Heishijiao Bight(,t~3h1) 33 - -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ,~~~~- - -. 1.; --:::-::- -- ;_n; - - ...-.ET.r, : - --- ... . .;;, ___- - v-- ,. - _.--- \~ ~ ~17 , .-.- - .. -. _, - - -. --- ---- . , 6d f r- - ------------- \_ rj-,,-,-_ . *..... ____ __- r _~ -. ' - ' -'- I -S ------ --- - - 1 * lAA--.., ,/R/- - -; - -- -- - - -- - -- -- -..c. _ **i:-*,/,9/-/ / /____ . _ … - - - -,X _ 8 " ' | jI,--.-- - --- ~ ~~ >~~'- '- o -- i - ,/_/r/- / ~-_. j_-St,/' -. -- -. -- - -:~~~ - ------ -…zzz _~~ .i ___ _~- - __________ * . . . -.. - * --- -- .. * * . - - . -4- _-/ / /i.$". - - -----''-. \ . . , S ,., o / / S w ~~~~~~~~~~~~~_________________________________ _______ ,_________._____________I_____ ; *.,* : . . , / /_ ____________ __I ..r,-, -,- - -,~ ___- - - . ,_ ~~;;;-- - ------ *r - --- -- ~~* - -wi , - otA/ * * * _ S- / * / t; /- f /-/ *//////z___-_'_'-- ' ' r b~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. recycled~~~~ papr - ;;oog and ~nfonmnrnI/z _ E * ~~~~- . ,::!- : :.. ;~~~~~~~~~~~ ..--. .- . ,1.,- * ,__-o;*1-- - - -_ . _ . - _- ............ . .- .-.-. .-. .-. __r-. - , , , . -. _ -s - , _____- - I' - - * * -_-_ - _ ; ; - - --'- - - - - _ --_, _ _ -----. --I *~~ - , -- - - - - ------_-_- -~-~_ ! - *-*>,-- '.. ,-,-,-,-,-,-,_- ____________________ ! ~~~~- -,,, ~ -.,->,-,--,,,,-- _____-_ ____ ________________ i --' . ._ \L- ;I - - - ----- _ *~~ ~~~ * _-… _ , * ___ a;_/,,w,_ _ _ _.. ~~~~: , -r -/// n~ - -2 -~~ * ~- - r ; ~ * ~' Fig. 4-38 :-tidaI current in ffeishijiaa Bight (t=7h) I - ::~r ........ S_ ..............85 IUAMUeDJ!UJ puw .Qojoa jaded popAeaJ 98 (1I6=4Yl'61U. ORwTIFSaH UT wUa.Lm3 TyPtE 2E-t *21A . .. . ..... . . . . . . . ..... . . - ,- - - - - - , _ - . , /,/ . , ', / /,, ,,,,,,,,, - - - - ,,, . ,.,,,. . . ... . . . . _., ' ;S,' '.'.t,-/ .t . / / / / / - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - -- -, -t - - - - - .' - -.-,,--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - I ~ ~ - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- j~~~~~~~~~ - - - S.- S*-- - 'f--_- I ,/ -/ SZ,, -,, __ - - ,, - , , , , , , , ,, -,, . _ j,;zzz//////----------,~~-- , . ,,,,,,,, ,,, . . ,=/.... - - - - - - - - - ............ ,_____,__ ____,,,,,,,,,,,,,,_Z -_ _--- ,z z:zz: _,,,, - - - --.,, , - ,\ _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _ _ , I a ,~~~~~ ~~ -__-_ _._ _, ..... ----------- r ---..---4-- ~~~~~~~~~~ m _. _ _ _ _ _* _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1: ; 1* ii'i: -, v --.------_- -_ - --..!_t, , _ ///,iiIii.r ' ' ..__-~ ~ ~ . S . {.~ r / I.I . -----., , ---- - - -- ___ . . . - ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' . / ~ ~ - - // - S ^ - C -\ - ~ ~ ~ ~ -'--S..--- - f_ -- ______ ~ v _ __ _ . -. . _ _- .. _- . ,~ '5;;_:@ I * - S A.* A S - - - . -- - --- -- . S - -. - - - - - … - -- -- S - l a - - - -/ / -. ----..-- -- - - - - ._ - - - - -_: r A' c A~AA~AA'.~'AA* S // /o //----------- rr,~~~~.- _- _ _ ,, _ _- .,- - _ - _ - - - *' @ } -, ^ -S - /~ -' - - - f - - //__ -,----------~------ .-'X,-zz-z-- _, . . - ,j , / , ,. A-, t ,,,,,,, _ __,_ - -z fz - .,.. __ -*-S., t, _, - . -. A- -_ -. - ,______ ___ - zz. . - -. I~~~~~~, I, ,,,S_ -. I A- ,' A- - - .- - .- _- A-z- - - - - j j ;! ~ : .-- _ .. A,-Z, A-d -- - --.____,//'//zz Fig. 4-39 02-tidal current in Heishiiiao Bisht(t=lOh) . ___ _1 |~~~~ --;'F- --w o- - …-S -. j.2 _ _ - _____ - , l - - - 8- ,/ A' w- s- ---- - -- - -> . a__-_-_-- ___________ __-__ * , S-- ,,,,,,/,,_,,_____------------- - -<-~ Aj -,I / f /, ,,,,, , /_ __ _ _ :-4 ~/o/S ////S,_ -,,,__ - Fig.,//////,,,,_ _ 4-4 11-ia curn i esuja iht(4 r . : .4S,,,, ~~~~~i; ,/,,_,_ ' - L~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Tab. 4-6 TIUI CLIaluCLl'U s1-I C vulIius or cocICILrlLtaIoi Hold CUri'OumOildlU Lo pl1lI A 1CIaS . . __ HiiiIOuU d1II1IlIOii AI-on of UxcUsd Ilia llaXilii lilIII cuncuIIralnIOII tllus CtILIui-inil ( rlIrNl UICmiuohIII nLUl r , Iin;ariacrl1uL Ic CoieciitratIoii cwlleO i'01i1 claS8) III suOii1C PIl'OLucL' ul ivlull V111110Si tibuLo VaLur (jililiIy Slior L loiau shieiIL llmwu sMlio-L lonu sliort loano filloliL lunlug 'lu1uLurs to5Io Lui lw'. [LIa [fll lE,u LUot' l Lom Luor II U1 0.87 0.08 I' PS.- I'i U.I OOD 0.00 33 (P 20*G) (P 0*.5) 300 2ns 0 n IyO.I y!1y -I 0.42 0.82 rs ll.I I'S20.0U5 cO C(In 1.26 1.48 . (P11.11U5) (12U.1006) 200 210 0 0 . -II I IU20 0.20 1.50 I'PS .1101 .lluI 1U.hII il_ o.on0 0.015 (i110.0U1) (111U.lU5) 2:17 143 0 0 I',-.01III 1';10.(l2ll giiilass 111orvi i kIIC 0.17 I .20 0,31 2.04 . 111k :tI.UI I'S=O.1h2 li tr'lluLn ._2_0_211_I ( '>01) j 2 j U 1 jj'a1.II 2 HuIu: IlS.i: Thu cOiiuiCLiILUloII it Xi;iuIIII PUIk IIauUIh, I'* Thlu Coliul ItillI II ll I FUijILIZIIuIuI[I1 NaOdi:I, concuiCOIuLoII uJ I il:Uu/I,, uiln urIuI: Uii T PO IIV L=n% .- 0 LL-LirL: ET - - I Li F ig. 4-43:The BOD concentration field corresponding to Plan A for long temr discharse (t=3 hour). !T 5 HCURJ o DC,r - r crr.RIU -E) U 4,v , "it 0z0 Fig. 4-.44:The BOD concentration f..eld correspondim g to Plan A for long term discb3arge (t=3 hour). 89 F 7L . o~~~~~~r, i..%% ..%.s -~~~~~~ --n -s .- .- s. I;;,;: ; ~-.--~.1 I:^ - - - t o o / o-' ---- -- --ss - -v @ -rS --- l | S---- - LiL-'--- - 1g. - 4 - Td-inu . _Bi_g.t_ - I ~ -/ / Sf - ______,__.___ , _/////,,__ -, - ____ . ___ T:# 'EZ- //////' _- . --- -- _ _ --- *,-~~~~~i~ _,,, - - - ssL......._-_ _ f_///// - j,//-//--_ 'I'- - - - -------..L !~~~~~~~~ _ ,,,;// ./ j ; - - i .,~~~~~~~~~~ I !I,1/_j'//'/fz ..>' ! s_, _;.------------_ ; _ - > . _---- - * , _; *_ . o-/z G-…;-- -, - ,- ~- '.- i~~~~~~~~~~~~~- -i I -~~~~~~~ i g. 4-42 Tide-induced residual current in Heishijian Bight.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fc1.F 1m:001 rj 7m 3 HOU2R Fig. 4-46:The BOD concentration field corresponding tt Plan A far long term discharge Ct=6S bour). Pcs*e: y,L: 80 F ig. 4-4 6:Te BUD concentration field correspudn ti Plan A for long Jeru discharge (t=l boor) - 90 recycled oaper ellogy and enviranmen- Trf G hCj'R i !an A * - reNI- r U. F ig. 4-41:The BOB concentrat zon field corresponding to Plan I for short term discharse (t=O hour). |T = 3 tlaUE 'i.a.i 7 r UT-r (P.xa 5.Do-a 4 .e, -I.- - - r -_ Fig. 4-48:The BOD concentration field corresponding to Plan A for short term discharse (t=3 hour). 91 I 11u"^n: *l .P.1.,X A V. T- E NC- 0 Fig. i-4 The BOD concentration field corresponding to Plan A for short term discharse (t=6 hour). | T- ° HOUR Pm ellmn.t:BADI r tLan~ 9 !w!1n ~ ~ ; JA: _d I Fi g. 4-60 The BOD concentration field corresponding to Plan A for short term discharge (t=9 hour). 92 recycled paper eology and environmrnu To 0 HOUR r t'! n A reI IU:C>F CO - LT Crutnz-I.O3) __ \ O(_ -1 EJ~-J Fig. 4-51:The COD concentration field corresponding to Plan A for long tera discharse (t=9 hour). ;7 3 DURI- P t1 1X IL:Zw CSD_ -- * I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~F_ .,CZ) AM: =/L [J Fig. 4-62 The COD concentration field corresponding to Plan A for long terz discharge (t=3 hour). 93 T- - - V I FI.n A r - Fi g. 4 63The COD coacentratian field corresponding to Plan A far long tern discharge (t=6 hour). =__ -_ t~ ~ ~ icag (t= hour). J ~ooyand env,ironment recycled paper ! T- Q h%Fn'. '- !Pl1 --awn A j(P~T,_C n5 r '2 1 *____ - ! Fig. 4-56The COD concentration field corresponding to Plan A for short tern discharge (t=O hour). T, , HOUR . 7- | Intaiun. :OOO7TV, .~. I -ntScsorc KnFEa- G-0.07!:T/'Sc- r T-L I -| I_ 455 -o The COD concentration field correspanuing to Plan A for short tern discharge (t=3 hour).- - ~~~95 rj ~~~~=~- o HO__ _, ?I:f _, ._:: 03 in n ' ~ .= -C --0t J- -I II-.S} # Fig. 4- 57;The COD concentration field corresponding to Plan A for short term discharse (t=6 hour). Tm ° HOiL' - | n.^- O._0z!IrO., X ?s=> ~ ~ I~ - r '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~clg and.s envirnmen rCcea -a- Fig. 4- 58;:The CDD concentration field corresponding to Plan A for short tera disicharge (t=9 hour). 96 recycled paper rIovndiiamel G HOUR I 5 z~I iII_ _ __ _ _ _ g. 469.:The Oil concentration field corresponding to Plan A for short term discharse (t=O hour). -~~~~~~~~~~~ T. 3 HO5UR | I;uLin-t::a!L C _.I - _--j- Cw.'-1. e ) - g 4-609The Oil concentration field corresponding to Plan A for short term discharge (t=3 hour). 9_ T- 6 HOUR Infl; tta.z71 Ttl- -- Fig. 4-61:The Oil concentration field corresponding to Plan A for short terz discharge (t=6 hour). T. n HOUR Inficr C^aQ-Q7!1TA3- , Fla" a~~~~~~~~~~~~. a i r'.-i M .... Fig. 4-62:The Oil concentration field correspoaning to Plan A for short term discharge (t=S hour). 98 T- 0 HOURfi erla:A LL >C 104 i .4-63:The Oil concentration field corresponding to Plan A for Ions term discharse (t=0 hour). Tn ' HOUR - I ;b1wL_w..01L , L2 0!3n- ThJ UJT ~ .4- 64The Oil concentration field correspondins to Plan A1 for long term discharse (t=3 hour). 99 recycled paper '_nrn.ir.,, . 9~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .............. Ts 6 LGO- R I l:ii: rar. :_ .T>5-r lI . 'cn RA c g , - M --- - 3 Fig. 4.65:The Oil concentration field corresponding to Plan A for long tern discharse (t=6 hour). To 2 H iLOUR I nfia. C-;. lZPTfdz , i~~~~~~ -X - r- -ao.- --n .. 1l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. Fig. 4-65:The Oil concentration field corresponding to Plan A for long term discharse (t=9 hour). 100 .r. 0 .MUD -~~ ~ ~ - !:!I"-antSS r (PmU.O I D) er:srs *. I) i- ; . .g. 4-67:The SS concentration field corresponding to Plan A for short teerm dischuse (t=O hour). T- 3 HOUR IuB am. O..7mT/G,r r O -88f111 - _ -'o: 2ra 7) C~G *pm: WdL 1 * 1- ig. 4-68:The SS concentration field corresponding to Plan A for short term discharse (t=3 hour). 101 recvcled paper T s o HOUP j *lla=-.: S5 I are ;- O .i I 19t me ' ,,_ F i g. 4-6 9. The SS concentration field corresponding to Plan A for ehn"t tern discharge (t=6 hour). Ts 9HOUR j ft1er diOscha0 2 p>D. 6 I_ COD 3. 87 10. 3 A=0.54 A=0.4 0 0 NP 06| p0. 7 P>2. 0 SS 1. 69 4.50 A-O 40 A=O. 40 0 0 p|0 o01 PO. 3 p0. 9 inorg O. 58 1. 54 A10. 38 A=1. 01 0 0 I -N IlI ' P>O. I P>0. I P Third Treatment After being treated to reach the national and provincial discharge standards by secondary treatment, the sewage is 131 discharged offshore, and part of the sewage is recovered to be industrial water of low quality by third deep treatment. At present, a systematic project ----The Chunliu Sewage Treatment Plant has been set up to recover the water. It is successful, and the-technology is proved to be ripe. 6.2 The Cost and Benefit Analysises of the Schemes The Malan River Sewage Treatment Project is a public welfare item that inproves environment and benefit the people. Therefore, the comprehensive index of economic environmental and social benefits of the scheme should be taken into account in the multi-scheme comparison. That is , the cost and benefit analysis should not be limited within the project, and the social benefit should be considered. Cost refer to the environmental protection investment and operation costs of the installations. Benefit refer to direct economic benefits and environmental benefit (indirect economic benefit) resulting from the improvement of environment after the environmental protection installations are put into use. Because the scheme of far-sea discharge without treatment has been negated, the cost and benefit analysises are carried out only on the scheme of far- sea disechrge after primary treatment and the scheme of secondary treatment with part being recovered by third treatment. According to the scheme analysis of Malan liver Sewage Treatment Project, The costs benefits and caleualtion methods of each scheme are as following: (1) The Cost of the Scheme The costs mainly inciude the total investment of project and operation costs, the calculation methods and results are obtained from the feasibility study report. (2) The Benefits of the Scheme: (DThe charge for sewage treatment After the Malan River Sewage Treatment Project has been fin ished and put into operation, a sewage discharge company should be founded and operated as an enterprise. Sewage discharge will be charged with a price of 0. 3013$ per ton sewage. C)The charge for recycle water by third treatment The 10- 1-5 benefit is added to the costs of third treatment, and then the price of recycle water is 0.50 RMB $ */ton. 132 recycled paper ecology and environmeni 2rThe saved diversion project investment In order to meet the demand of long- term development of municipal water supply, the third-period diversion project of Dalian will co0t 2420RMB $ per ton water. Applyiag the shadow project method in environmental economy, the benefit of recycle water by third treatment is equal to the diversion project investment of same amount of water. C©The sarved charge for increase of water consumption According to the formulate of Dalian Government, 800 RMB $ of the charge should be paid for increasing per unit of tap water, which is equal to the investment of same scale waterworks. ffo)The benefit of increase of water resources Dalian is a city which is short of freshwater resource, in dry seasons, some industrial enterprises determine the production according to the water supply. And this reduces financial income by about a billion RMB $ . The water consumption for a EMB$ output value is 0.33 ton per day, that is increasing 0. 33 ton water every day will increase a 1MB $ benefit. The opportunity cost is 311B3$ per ton water. i'The environmental benefit of Milan River control The Malan River Sewage Treatment Project is mainly to solve the pollution problem in Beishijiao Bight, and to recover the functions of scenic spots and bathing beaches in the bight. The reccier cost method is used to calculate the en,ironment benefit, that is, the minimum costs of Malan River Sewage Treatment -the investment of far- sea discharge after primary treatment-is regarded ai minimum estimate value of the founction loss in Heishijiao Bight. TiThe method of cost and benefit analysis: nB1-C1 NPV method: NPV=E t=l(l+r)' n B1 t=J (l+r) Benefit rate method: b n C1 S=1 114) t 133 wcoa ro0, r is tŽio diacaunt rita (6S) t Is time (year) Bt is the benefit in the ith year C1 is the costs in the ith year In the comparison of benefit and cost, the bigger the values of NPV and 6 are, the better the benefit is . When NPV >0 and 6 >1, the project io feasible; when NPVO&b 5 COD~.2!!.4 01 P-0. 02 1 p<0. I COD . 1.48 10.3 1 A=G.I42 ;A 0D 1 i~P>O.P,0 > Ss i. 0 A=0.40 o pC0,6 Pco,1 I - j 1 - - l - I. - - 0 I inorg| 0. 29 1. 04 A=2.54 A=l. 01 -N >I p >0.I 0 0 p<0.0 pC0 Q05 Note: unit of A is km' unit of p is mg/l From Tab.6-3, - th of the two schemes can satisfy the demands of water quality in Beishijias Bight, and can ensure the enviromental safe of aquaculture area and bathing beach. Their main differences are as following. (DFor both of the two schemes; the core ranges of high concentration are all near the discharge outlet, the concentration of scheme 2 is bigger than that of scheme 1, but the area of scheme 2 is smaller than that of scheme 1. - (2)The outlet of scheme 2 is 4km farther away from coast than that of scheme 1, and scheme 2 has less pollution on the scenic protection area, even so, the two schemes both satisfy the demands of first class water quality. 6. 4 Summary From the analysises of technology, economic and environmental benefits of the schemec, the influences of the schemes on environment are same basicly, they all satisfy the demads of environmental protection. In teehnology, scheme 1 is riper than scheme 2. 13B recycled paper eclogy and t-nwinment Chapter 7 Measures to Prevent the Disadvantagous Effects 7.1.Perfecting the Intercepted Drain System The coastline of Heishijiao Bight is complicated and of many sewage discharge outlets. Because of the many- year construction since 1984,most of the industrial waste water and living sewage is drained to the west, south and north inter cepted drain pipelines, and this provides am advantags to the centralized treatment of sewage of Malan River. But in recent years,because of the development of resideatal areas and more sewage outlets, there is still part of sewage that directly discharged into the sea, and this will influence tie results of sewsee treatment.So. according to the municipal planning, the intercepted drain system should be perfected to ensure the result of sewage treatment. 7.2.Strengheaing the Primary Treatment inthe Key Pollution Sources Factories At present, the water quality indexes in the design of sewage treatment project is the yearly or daily averaged values, in fact, the water quality changes with seasins and production load. In order to ensure the result of the sewage treatment plant and the quality of recovery water, the management in the key pollution sources with large discharge load should be adopted within the factories( suck as Dalian P4armaceutical Factory, Dalian Brewary, Dalian Winery, and Dalian Paict Factory). The sewage is treated within the factories to reach the water quality standards od the municipal sewage treatment plant(GJI8-86) (COD is 600 mg/l,BQDD is 300mg/1). 7.3.StreDgihening the Comprenehsive Treatment of Eeishijiao Bight According to municiple pianning, Heishijiao Bight is determined ti be the scenic spot area with a funtion of class two sea area. No new factory are allowed to be set up along tne coast, and it is not suit for aquaculture. At present, feishijiao Bight is in a constant, stabIr 137 condition of eutrophication. One reason is that a plenty of fertilizer is added for the kelp culture, this results in the high concentration of eutrophic salts in the water. . Another reason is the barrier formed by plenty of kelp, this reduces the exchanging ability of sea water, and reduce the current velocity in the bight, this results in the pollation of sea water. The aquaculture rafts should be dismantled to make the sea water with great exchanging ability. 7.4.The Enviromental Protection within the Sewage Treatment Plant (l)Scenery Construction Because the plant is located in the s:enic area, the feature design of the buildings should payattention to the shaue and art style, they must be harmonious with the surroudings, giving people a wonderful scenery and showing the modern characteristics. In the mean time, the green project shoald be strengthened to ensure the green corering rate to be 30%. (2)The Sludge Treatment Measures The sludge from the treating process will be transported to be sanitary landfilled in Maiyingzi refuse landfill field after concentrating and machenic dehydration, tl,is prevents the secondary pollution on evriromeat. (3)The Flue Gas Treatment Measures The heating source of the plant is from the boiler house, and the Model 99 ceramic multi-pipe dust remover is equipped there, its efficiency is up to 90%, the dust concentration at outlet is less than 300mgfma, the hight of chimney is 25 meters, all of these ensure the flue gas discharge satisfy the provincial standards and can lot pollute the air. (4)The Measures to Prevent Noise The noise soures in the plant are mainly from the air -blower kouse, pump house and boiler house. In model selection of equipments, the centrifugal blowers and pumps with low noise and hign efficiency are selected. In the design of struture and constrution, the sound-proof and damper measures are adopted,decorating acoustic boards are ased on the inside walls and doors. All of these ensure the noise within the plant to satisfy the standards(790BWU in day,6OdB(A) at night). 138 recycled paDer bceiogy and envirnnmens 7.5.The Enviromental Administration Organization The reform on the presrnt management system will be carried ont.According to the priGnciple of the separation of the funtions of government and enterprises, a sewage discharge comDany will be founded and managed as an enterprise. The companY will charge for sewage discharge, carrying out the cost accounting and manage independently. The relations and organization of the sewage discharge company are as following: The Municipal Government The funicipal Construction Bureau- I - i~~~~~~~~~ The Water Quality Sewage Discharge The Equipment Monitoring company Maintainance Station Station The Sewage The Sewage Treatment Discharge Plant Charge Station The Sewage Discharge Company is responsible for the treating indexes to the Municipal Construction Administ-.tion Bureau. The Water Quality Monitoring Station supervises and monitors the sewage inMalan River and sewage in the plant according to the national, local laws and standards concerned. The Sewage Treatment Plant is in charge of sewage treatment, maintainance and management of equipments in the plant. The Sewage Charge Station is in charge of charging residents and sewage discharge units, and in charge of the cost accounting and financial analysis. The Equipment Maintainance Station will supervise and manage the sewage pipeline and pump station, and maintain the equipments. punish those who break the laws and charge fee of compensate. The Malan Birer Sewage Treatment Project will be supported by the loan from the munic:al government. When the project is finished, it will be handed oTer to the refuse treatment 139 recycled paper .culogM end rn.irnnirnt company carrying out independent cost accounting and the company will hand certain amount of benefit to the government, and the government will be in charge of paying the loan. 7 6.The Mbwfar#gig qf Water Quality The Water Quality IMonitoring Station will be located in the Malan Sewage Treatment Plant, and directly under the Municipal Conitrugti Jt*wu Thy station will supervise and administrate independently according to the laws, The monitoring extent and items: (1).The water quality in the sewage wells along thr intercepted drain pipelines of Malan River. (21.The water quality of the input and output water in the treatment plant. (3).The monitoring items: COD,BOD5,SS,PH,phenol,NH4-N,oil,heavy metalf3g,Cd,Pb,Cu,Cr etc),total number of bacteria,E.col etc. (4).The monitoring frequency: I time/month on the pipelines of Malan River; 2 times/day on the sewage treatment plant. The main equipments: (1).COD indicator 2 (2). BDO culture box 2 (3).Atom absorption spectrometer 1 (4).Photographical-projection biological microscope 2 (5).Biological counter apparatus 2 (6).High-temprature resistor box I (7).Ultraviolet spectrometer 2 (g).Photoelectronic analytical balance 2 (9).Water sampler 4 GO.PH acidity indicator 2 Gl.Electrical dry box 2 (Ij.1ro-exchange water purifier I f3).Mercury indicator I The investment of the monitoring equipment is 300.OUOROE$. The monitoring staff is 10 persons who are technic staff with medium educatinoal background, they must take a one-year trainjng and obtain the certifate before taking on the position. 140 JaJded paID3.3ai Chapter 8 The Conclusions According to the comprehensive analysises and comuarison of technology, econocy, and enriromental benefits among the schemes of Malan River sewage treatment project, the scheme of secondary treatment with part recovered is recommanded to the most reasonable and feasible scheme. The project is one that improve -the enviroment, and its farour effects are more than its disadvantages greatly. First of all, it not only can solve the pollution problem in Heishijiao Bight, but also CIn provide new water resource, and it will play an important role in the municipal constritction and economic development. Itt disadvantages (such P3 sludge, flue gas, noise) can be solred by strengthening thr project measures to thr level of the enviromental tolerance. l Ii recycled DaPer colog.w and ctwin,n.n.