~~ . - . ~~~~~~~0 0 .~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~0 x UNGRIAN POWER COMPANIES LTD. . v -< QUICt-START G40C TURBINE POWER PLANT. . ..... ... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ %, .. I I .i (SECONDARY RESERY S - ^ *- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 :. ^ ._i o_ O7 SAJS9GE \\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:g * 65> ,. // ~Quic:k-start Gas Turbine_ ./,/ ~PowerPlant ofSaj6siged ~8~ /~~SCODR R >eci/eSE RVE) ' D.1 -EAILID ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT S TUDY .................. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .. . . . ......................0. DEAI6 ENVte May N9T MA 'TUDY 0 X -l ETV-EROTERV Rt. ER Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Denomination of the document2tion: Quick-start gas turbine power plant of Sajosz6ged (Secondary reserve) Prepared by: Office of Environmental Protection Work. No.: 7011-99 No. of documentation: 550/782 - Office Head: Lstvin T6th Proiect Mananer: .................................... Pter Hayer Ouality superAisor: ...................................... Lajos Mohicsi Date: June 6,1996 l ETV-ER6TERV Rt. t ER d JER V ) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. The present study was prepared by the Office of Environmental Protection of ETV-EROTERV based on the contract concluded with ERBE Power Engineering & Consulting Ltd., with the cooperation of Mr. Peter Hayer - ETV-EROTERV, Office of Envirowmental Protection - compilation Mr. Istvan Bodnar - ETV-EROTERV, Office of Enviromnental Protection - propagation calculations Mr. Lajos Mohicsi - ETV-EROTERV, Office of Enviromnental Protection - waste management Mr- Ferenc Bakonyi - ETV ER1TERV, Mechanical Office No. I - mechanical technology VITUKI Innosystem Co. Ltd - surface and subsurface waters CONSIJLT-R Partership Company - noise "Institute of Ecology for the Maintainable Development" Foundation - flora and fauna National Public Health and Medical Officer's Service (ANTSZ) of Borsod- Abauj-Zemplen County - air quality 2 -1l EIV-EROTERV Rt. E TER V Power Engineering and Contractor Co. PART I ENVIRONMEENTAL STATUS I/l INTRODUCTION ................ 1 1 1/2 BACKGROND .12 I/2.1 Alternatives of the location of the facility, reasons 12 I1/2.2 The investigated technological versions, their evaluation 13 I/2.3 Feasibility study .15 1/3 GEOGRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENT, LANDSCAPE . 21 114 CLIMATIC CONDMONS OF THE SITE ...............................2 1/5 GEOLOGICAL, HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDMONS OF THE ENVIRONMENT .29 115.1 Geological conditions ......... 29 1/5.2 Hydrogeological conditions . 31 1/6 SELECTION OF THE AREAS TO BE INVESTIGATED .33 1/7 STATUS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS AND SYSTEMS ..34 I/7.1 Statusofwaters ....................... 34 In.1.1 Subsurface waters ..................... 34 I/7.1.2 Surface waters ..................... 35 1/7.2 Geological and soil investigation ..................... 39 1/7.3 Air quality ..................... 44 1/7.4 Flora and fauna ..................... 50 117.5 Noise emission, current noise load of the environment ......... 51 3 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (5 TE Power Engineering and Contractor Co. PART II TE PLANNED ACTIVITY AND THE EXPECTED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS EUI OPERATION OF THE PLANNED GAS TURBINE PLANT .... - _._ ........60 II/2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE CONSTRUCTION AND THE ASSEM[BLy_ ...._64 11/2.1 Construction, assembly .64 11/2.2 Changes taing place in the environmental elements. 66 llJ3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE OPERATION .71 1113.1 Air pollution and air quality .71 =I13.1.1 The expected airborne emissions of the power plant and their qualification .71 II/3.1.2 Determination of the height of the stacks. 72 113.1.3 Changes in the air quality in the impact area .. 0 11.3.2 Changes in soil quality .82 11/3.3 Changes in subsurface and surface water quality ................... 83 I1/3.4 Impacts originating from the storage and handling of raw materials and wastes .84 I113.5 impacts of noise emission of the power plant .86 II/3.6 Ecological prognostics for habitats .89 II/3.7 Impacts on human health and other human impacts . 90 II/3.8 Social-economical impacts .90 II13.9 Impacts on the landscape .94 I113.10 Other expected impacts due to average and operational troubles .95 4 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (R R V Power Engineering and Contractor Co. I14 EXPECTED IMPACTS OF DECOMMISSIONING ............... 97 II/4.1 Changes in subsurface and surface water quality ................... 97 11/4.2 Changes in the soil quality .............................................. 97 11/4.3 Ecological changes .................. ............................ 98 11/4.4 Land use .............................................. 98 IIIS DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES ......... 99 11/5.1 Protection of the air quality .99 1115.2 Water protection .100 11/5.3 Soil protection .100 11/5.4 Noise protection .101 11/5.5 Nature protection .101 11/5.6 Landscape protection .101 11J5.7 Averages and the plan for their elimination .101 11/6 MAIN UNCERTAINTIES AND MISSING DATA ................ 103 11/6.1 Planning circumstances .......................................... 103 II/6.2 Construction circumstances .......................................... 103 -1/6.3 Current environmental status and impacts ........................... 103 11/6.3. I Air quality .......................................... 103 II/63.2Ecological data .......................................... 104 11/7 MONITORING SYSTEM .......................................... 105 I/7. I Monitoring during construction . ......................................... 105 11V7.2 Monitoring during operation . ......................................... 105 11/7.2.1 Air pollution and air quality ........ .............. 105 11/7.2.2 Subsurface waters, soil quality . . ..................... 106 5 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (ER oTERV)EPower Engineering and Contractor Co. II/8 SUMMARY 11/8.1 Introduction ................................... 108 II/8.2 Description of the facility ................................... 109 11/8.2.1 Installation ................................... 109 II18.2.2 Description of the operation of the projected gas turbine power plant .............. . . 110 1118.3 Expected changes in the environment and their evaluation ..113 1/8.3.1 Investigation of the environmental impacts, impact areas .113 11/8.3.2 Current status of the environment .113 IU8.3.3 Impact of the construction on the envirornent. 116 11/8.3A Operation and its impacts on the environment . 19 II/8.3.5 Expected impacts of decommissioning ....................... 123 11/8.4 Environmental measures . .125 Literature and studies prepared and used during the preparation of the environmental impact study .127 6 ETV-EROTERV Rt. ER TER V Power Engineering and Contractor Co. LIST OF FIGURES 1/2.3.-1 Site plan I/2.3.-2 Installation plan I/2.3.-3 Schematic drawing 1/4.-1 Monthly average medimn-, maximum and mnim temperatures in the area of Saj6sz5ged I14.-2 Monthly average precipitations in the region of Saj6szoged compared with the national average values I/4.-3 Relative frequency of synoptic wind velocity according to wind directions 115.1.-I General geological structure of the area under investigation 1/5.1.-2 Geological profile of the Quaternary layers between Tisza-Saj6 mouth and Debrecen -- -' 1/5.1.-3 Geological profile fiom the delta of Tisza-Saj6 115.1.-4 Structure and granulometric comnposition of the soil and the shallow layers 1/5.2--1 Stage sequence of Tisza I/5.2.-2 Regional flow conditions of groundwater 1/6.-I Map of the investigated areas - Geology, soil and subsurface waters I/6.-2 Map of the investigated areas - Surface waters 1/6.-3 Map of the investigated areas - Air I/6.-4 Map of the investigated areas - Flora and fauna I/6.-S Map of the investigated areas - Noise 116.-6 Map of the investigated areas - Comprehensive map 7 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. (ER TE Power Engineering and Contractor Co. I/7.1.1.-1 Data of the groundwatcr monitoring wells I/7.1.2.-I Regional map of flood plain diked marshes 1/7.1.2.-2 Yearly average KOld values and linear trends on Saj6-Keszny6t and in the Tisza-Polgar section If7.1.2.-3 Yearly average values of ammoniumn and linear trends on Saj6- Kesznyet and in the Tisza-Polgar section 1/7.1.2.-4 Yearly average values of total hardness and linear trends on Saj6-Kesznyet and in the Tisza-Polgar section I17.2.-I Successive layers in the borings 1/7.3.-I Changes in N02 concentration in February-March 1996 in the region of Saj6sz6ged I/7.3.-2 Changes in S02 concentration in February-March 1996 in the region of Saj6sz6ged 117.5.-i Location of the noise measuring points III1.-I./a Operation scheme of the gas turbine VII/.-l./b Axonometric view of the gas turbine 11/ .-2./a Section of the container unit of the gas turbine 11/1.-2./b Axonometric view of the container unit of the gas turbine 11/3.1.2.-1. Comparison of 30-minute NOx, S02 and CO jimnmissions, two- stack version II/3.1.2.-2. Distribution of 30-minute NOx immissions (values under the axis of the smoke plume) as a function of the distance calculated from the pollution source - in case of two stacks, H = 51 m 11/3.1.2.-3. Comparison of 30-minute NOx, S02 and CO immissions in case of a single stack 8 ETV-ER65TERV Rt. (ER TER Power Engineering and Contractor Co. II/3.1.2.-4. Distribution of 30-minute NOx immissions (values under the axis of the smoke plume) as a function of the distance calculated from the pollution source - in case of a single stack II/3.1.2.-5. Distribution of 30-minute NOx immissions (values under the axis of the smoke plume) as a function of the distance calculated from the pollution source - in case of two stacks, H = 40 m II/3.1.2.-6. Comparison of the values of 30-minute NOx immissions of 40 and 51 m high stacks, in case of one single stack and two stacks 9 ETV-EROTERV Rt. ( ERTE Power Engineering and Contractor Co. QUICK-START GAS TURBINE POWER PLAN-T OF SAJOSZOGED (Secondary reserve) DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY PART I ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS 10 ETV-ER15TERV Rt. ( TER Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Il/ INTRODUCI1ON One of the outstanding objectives of the Hungarian energy policy approved by the National Assembly is the diversification of the energy sources, and - in view oI wire energy - the extension of the connections. Therefore, in 1991, the Government made a decision, that the Hungarian energy system joins UCPTE, the association of the Western-European electric energy systems, which are on a higher technical level and which may guarantee a more safe electric energy supply for Hungary. One of the basic conditions of joining UCPTE is, that the Hungarian electric energ system should have a quick-action, so-called secondary control reserve capacities of a size determined by UCPTE recommendations. These reserve capacities should be equivalent at least to the greatest capacity of the electric energy production unit of the system. In the Hungarian electric energy system the greatest capacity production units are the 460 MW blocs of the Nuclear Power Plant of Paks, thus the secondary control reserve capacity should be of 460 MW. In the recent years, the Hungafian Power Companies Ltd. (MVM Ri.) has performed comprehensive investigations for analyzing the most purposeful possibilities of ensuring the required reserve capacity. Based on the analysis. MVM has come to the conclusion, that 200 MW of the required reserve capacity should be ensured by establishing quick-start gas turbine power plants. 11 l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ETV-ER6TERV Rt. 6 TER Power Engineenring and Contractor Co. 1/2 BACKGROUND I12.1 Alternatives of the location of the facility, reasons Starting from the role of the secondary control power plants played in the electric energy system, MVM has come to the conclusion, that it would be purposeful to install the power plants serving for this purpose at the significant connection points of the electiic energy system, at the great substations of the network. In spring 1994 investigations have been carried out for the possible locations. Four substations have been found as optimal locations for installation: the substation of the Nuclear Power Plant of Paks, the substation of Lit6r. the substation of Martonvasar and the substation of Saj6sz6ged. In autumn 1994 MVM invited ETV-ER6TERV Rt. Power Engineering and Contractor Co. to prepare a detailed feasibility study and a preliminary environmental impact study for the above four locations. When evaluating the conceptual plans it has become clear, that at the substation of Martonvasar the connection of the power plant to the network could only be done at much higher costs with respect to the other sites, therefore further investigations have been stopped by MVM for this location. For the locations of the Nuclear Power Plant of Paks, of Liter and Sajoszoged the detailed feasibility studies and the preliminary environmental impact studies have been completed by the beginning of 1995. Based on these documentations. in May 1995, MVM Rt. started the licensing procedure of the facilities. 12 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (ER o TER V)Power Engineering and Contractor Co. In its decision No. 3935-3/1995, the Environmental Inspectorate of Northem Hungary prescribed to prepare a detailed environmental impact study for the secondary reserve gas turbine power plant to be established at the substation of Saj6szoged. In its decision No. 47/1995, the Hungarian Energy Office has granted a preliminary building permit for the secondary reserve power plant of Saj6szoged. In January and February 1996, in possession of the preliminary building permit issued by the Hungarian Energy Office, in cooperation with ESBI-ETV Engineering Services Co. Ltd., MVM Rt. organized a public hearing in harnony with Govermment Decree No. 146/1992.(XI.4.). On April 22, 1996 a decision has been issued by the inter-departmental committee in connection with the information of the public, according to § 3 of the above said Government Decree. i/2.2 The iuvestigated technologiral versions, their evaluation A secondary reserve function can be ensured by the water reservoir power plants or the quick-starTi open-cycle gas turbine power plants. The advantages of the water reservoir power plant are: quick starting, the transformation of the cheaper night electric energy to a day-time peak energy, the disadvantages are: the high specific investment cost and the long building time. It would be impossible to build a water reservoir power plant by the time of the final joining to the UCPTE system - by the end of 1997 -, consequently, the only altemative is the installation of quick-start gas turbines. 13 ETV-EROTERV RL. fER O TE Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Based on the evaluation of 12 informal proposals for gas turbines, which have been received during the past 2 years, we have drawn the general technical consequences, namely, that the requirements of quick starting (rated output to be achieved in max. 10 minutes) are primarily met by the acroderivative gas turbines, which are driving gears of airplanes transformed for industrial purposes. The most applicable types are LM 6000 (GE) and TRENT (Rolls-Royce) gas turbines, see installation plan I/23.-2. These gas turbines comply with the environmental requirements, and - thanks to their layout characteristics (container-type structure) - they can be installed easily, quicldy and efficiently. When evaluating the proposals, the environmental aspects shall fully be taken into consideration. The selection of the final type and the determination of the number of the units shall be based on the results of an international competition, taking also into consideration the environmental aspects. Since 100 ±20 MW has been determined in the preliminary building pennit of the Hungarian Energy Office as the capacity of the power plant, therefore. when investigating the environmental impacts, 120 MW maximum capacity and a two-bloc structure shall be taken into consideration, however, in some cases, the single-bloc structure shall also be investigated. 14 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (ERd TER V ) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. 1/2.3 Feasibility study The main items of the detailed feasibility study are the following: Location The 2.4 ha size location is in the outskirts of Saj6szoged, in S-W direction from the village, close to main road No. 35, in the vicinity of the existing substation (see site plan No. IJ23.-1.). In the location the following equipment and systems shall be installed (see installation plan No. I/2.3.-2. and the attached schematic drawing 1123.-3): - gas turbine and auxiliary equipment - generator and auxiliary equipment - electric equipment of the power plant - electric technology of the substation - control system - environmental monitoring system - fuel supply system - water supply system - fire protection system The power plant shall be accessible by a connection road branching from the transportation road of the neighboring substation. The plant shall have its own access and transportation roads and pavements according to the needs. 15 ri~~~~2P L I \ * _.._,/ I8~ ~~~S I I i i1 j r., 11 I~~~~~~~~~ I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ S . v ,. .a |~~~~~~~~~L /~ / rt t~ J ~|ELMAGYARAZATMEC15: W~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - REMARK~ > §-; I',D9IUi. tulm~~~~~~~~~, u*E ONAMAIN M losdtA9 ^, - _ .,.. [ < [-r i LjC. mA Zl ETV-ER5TERV Rt. (ERd TER ) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Equipment and systems Gas turbine and auxiliary equipment The gas turbine and the auxiliary equipment are meant the following equipment between the cross section of the air suction inlet and the cross section of the steel stack outlet connecting to the flue gas channel of the gas turbine: - gas turbine unit operating with liquid fuel - steel base plate with base screws (with anchoring elements to be fixed with concrete) - noise-abating light-structure cover to reduce the noise emission of the machine unit - air suction and filtering system equipped with defroster, sound damper. afiring gate and supporting structure - exhaust system equipped with sound damper. balance, snap and stack - fuel supply system, - burncr system, - possibly a driving gear between the gas turbine and the generator. with a lubricating oil system - gas turbine lubricating oil system - starting and axle-driving system - cooling system - water injection system for reducing NOx emission (if necessary) - fire detection system, fire signalling, fire alarm. CO-) fire extinguishinp system - pipelines for the auxiliary equipment - illumination system (indoor, outdoor) - ventilation system within the cover - lifting equipment for assembly and maintenance - electric and control technique with wiring. 16 ETV-ER6TERV RL E~RTEV Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Generator and auxiliary equipment The synchronous generators connected to the gas turbines shall be air cooled, their output voltage shall be determined by the supplier. The energizing shall be statical or by rotary diodes. Each machine shall be provided with a switchgear of a generator output voltage. The connection between the generator switches and the house service, as well as the main transformer, shall be ensured by a clad bus by phases. The auxiliary equipment of the generator also include neutral instruments, measuring switches and the overvoltage protection. The protection system shall be digital. Electric sauipment of the Rower Rlant Each machine unit shall have an independent 0.4 kV ac., 220 V and 24 V. d.c., as well as a 230 V a.c. break-in operation systun. The fuel supply system, the outbuilding installation, the fire water system, and the demni water system shall have separate 0-4 kV distributors. Electric e_chnology of the sub-station The electric technology of the sub-station is meant the section between the 120 kV switches of the- bloc transforner and the 120 kV bus bar, including all primrny and secondary (protection and control rtechnique) equipment, transmission line and cable. It also includes the sub-station switching equipment serving for the supply of the power plant stand-by transformner, and the connecting cable. The generated electric energy is conducted from the bloc transfonner of the gas turbine unit to the 120 kV switching gear through a single system 120 kV overhead line. 17 E1V-EROTERV Rt. R ER V) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Control techniaue eauivment The gas turbine power plant shall operate under the control of the National Electric Load Distributor (OVT), i.e. OVT shall decide on the switching on/off of the gas turbine units. Therefore, OVT should get all infornation on the basis of which starting and the operating conditions of the gas turbine can be judged. The power plant shall be controlled by the OVT staff, while supervision and trouble shooting shall be the responsibility of the OVIT sub- station staff of Saj6szoged. OVT shall be connected through the sub-station. Environmental monitoring systern For controlling the emissions polluting the air, S02, NOx, solid particles, 02 and CO/CO2 measuring and evaluating systems shall be established, operating on a permanent basis. Fuel supple system Fuel shall arrive to the power plant by road, in tank-trucks. Two twin-type. covered discharge stations shall be established for the reception of the trucks, i.e. four max. 30 cu.m trucks can be discharged in the same time. Three 30 cu.rnh capacity pumps shall serve for discharging the fuel, one of which shall be a reserve. Fuel shall be stored in two 1000 cu.m above-ground cylindrical tanks in vertical position, provided with a fixed roof and an inner floating roof. The tank shall have thermnal insulation. an alumina sheet casing and a reinforced concrete protective ring. 18 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (ER TER Power Engineering and Contractor Co. At each machine unit fuel shall be supplied from the oil tanks to the spray pump installed before the gas turbine by 2 (one working, one reserve) parallel- connected intermediate pumps, respectively it shall be circulated in a condition ready for service between the tanks and the spray pump. An oil separator shall be installed, together with the required technological equipment, for the collection of oily waste waters nmning down fiom the access road leading to the discharging place, of the technological waste waters and of the oils spilling at the gas turbine machine unit. as well as for the separation of the oil from waste waters. The separated oily sludge shall be pumped into a container, then transported for disposal. Water sup,olv svstems Demi waler supply system Derni water system shall supply water to the cooling system, and, if required, to the equipment reducing NOx emission of the gas turbines. Demi water shall be transported by tank-trucks to the power plant. The equipment of demi water supply are the following: two 300 cu.m capacity demi water tanks two 20 cu.n/h capacity pumps for filling the tanks two 30 cu.m/h capacity pumps for forwarding demi water from the tanks to the machine units; hoisting: 20 m 19 I ETV-EROTERV Rt. ER ERV Power Engineering and GiRV Contractor Co. Communal water supply Communal water demand of the plant is 0.1 cu.m/day, max. I cu.m/month. Commnunal water is supplied by a pipe branching from the drinking water pipeline of the sub-station. Communal waste water shall be collected in a closed tank, then it shall be transported for disposal. Fire water supply A 450 cum fire water pool shall bc built for the power plant. According to Section 3.1.7 of the Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ 9779/4 the pool should fully be filled within 48 hours. This requires a 2.6 I/s capacity pipeline. Fire water shall also be supplied by the above mentioned pipeline. Fire protection systems When designing fire protection, the two 1000 cu.m fuel oil tanks should be taken into consideration together with their auxiliary equipment, oil pump house, and the tank-truck discharge stations. The container units of the gas turbine and the generator are provided with separate C02 extinguishers by the manufacturer. The control room of the sub-station shall have a new, "intelligent" fire signalling center. The signals shall arrive directly to the center installed in the control room of the sub-station, and then to the fire brigade of the municipality. 20 ETV-EROTERV RL ER5 TER Power Engineering and Contractor Co. 1/3. GEOGRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENT, LANDSCAPE The geographical environment of the projected power plant is located mainly on the talus of Sajo-Hernad (small region No. 1.9.32 in the cadaster of the small regions of Hungary), but it also touches the area of small regions Borsodi-flood plain (1.7.12) and Taktakoz (1.7.11). The average altitude of the above regions is about 100 m BSL, they are a talus plain and an absolute plain. The original surface has been transformed by the erosion of the rivers into hillfoot ridges of 5 m/sq.km average relief, articulated by low ridges between the valleys, thus the topography is characterized by slopes. The flood plain area of Saj6 and Saj6-Hernmd is a wavy resp. slightly wavy plain of a small relative relief Due to slight slopes the area is characterized by bad run off and dominated by large plains. The only variety in the topography of the area are the abandoned river bed generations indicating the former flow direction of Tisza, Saj6-Hemad and Hej6 rivers. The settlements in the investigated area are: Saj6szoged, Nagycs6cs, Girincs, Hajfbaba, Saj66rs, Kiscsecs, Szakild, Muhi, K6r6m, Nemesbikk and Tiszauijvaros.The above are mostly agricultural settlements. but there are also industrial -plants in the region (Tiszafijviros). The most important traffic road is main road No. 35. More than 2/3rd of the area is ploughland. The lower flood plain of Saj6 is bordered by the remnants of the once contiguous soft-wood woodlands. At the higher areas there are also oak-ash gallery-forests in patches. The forests mainly consist of young and mixed-age soft- and hard-wood species. In the area there are large patches of disturbed grasses and pastures. 21 E1V-ER6TERV Rt. E ER d TERV) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. According to preliminary investigations and data collection, in the region of the projected power plant only the Doy castle of Girincs enjoys local protection, due to the trees in the park of the castle. Near the site the following areas are under protection (see Fig. MA3.-1): - to N-E from the site of the projected power plant, at a distance of approx. 8 kIn, at the border of Kesznyet the Landscape Protection Region of Kesznyet - to N-E from the site, at a distance of approx. 15 kan: the Tiszadob flood plain to S-W from the plant site, at a distance of approx. 15 kIn, between Mez6csit and Tiszababolna: the Landscape Protection Region of Borsod Fields to the south from the projected power plant site, at a distance of approx. 15 k3n, close to Arokt6 village: the Foreshore of Tiszacsege. The areas under nature protection in the region are shown in Fig. 116.4. 22 ETV-EROTERV Rt. Power Englneering and Contractor Co. 1/4 CLIMATIC CONDMONS OF THE SITE For characterizing the climatic conditions of tfie site we have used the temperature, air humidity and precipitation measuring data of the civil meteorological stations of Tisza(zjvhfros, Miskolc and Nyiregyhbza, measured during 30, resp. 60 years with a firquency of 8 times/tday, as well as the hourly data of wind and sunshine measurements of the meteorological stations of Miskolc and Nyiregyhaza, measured during 35 years. The climate of the area of Saj6sz6ged is moderately warm and rather dry with respect to the conditions characteristic to the country. The summer is colder than in the southern, resp. south-eastem part of the country, however, in mid- summer subtropical heat also may occur. Winter temperatures are very capricious, cold and dry periods change frequently to mild and rainy periods. The mean annual tenrperatre is about 9.6°C. Temnerature Fig 14.-1 Montihy average medium-, maximum and minimum temperatures in the areae of Saj!sed____ 30,0 - _oi.......... 25,0 - - - 20,0 - . _ . 15,0 10,0 c. 5,0 - - annual nedium tempeate 9.6!C .>7^ w00 -5,0 -10,0 -_.... .......__ . Jan Febr Mar Apr May Juue July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 23 EIV-ER6TERV Rt. R dTERV Power Engineering and Contractor Co. In the region the mean annual temperature is about 9.6°C (the mean annual temperature in the country is 9.7°C). The warmest month is July (the mean temperatre in July is 20.4°C), the coldest one is Januay (-2.6°C). The annual temperature is characterized by the great fluctuation in the mean temperatue value, i.e. the difference in the mean temperature of the warmest and the coldest month. In case of Saj6szoged this value is about 23°C, which means a great fluctuation. PreciRitation The climai. - of Saj6szbged is drier than the average. It is well shown in Table X/4.-2 that in the area of Saj6sz6ged the precipitation is lower than the average value in the country. Fig. 1/4.-2 Mout aveage predpiatio s in the region of Sajussiged compared with the national average vales so - 0 Saj& _ 70 * national 160 550 .40 .6 30 ~-20 10 0 Jan Febr Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 24 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. (ERd TER) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. The annual precipitation in the area is about 538 mm (the mean value in the country is 600 mm). A part of winter precipitation is snow, but, in comparison with the total amount of winter precipitation, snow does not exceed 50-60% of the total amount. The most rainy month is June, the mean precipitation in this month is 79 mm, the secondary maximum is in July (63 mm). The lowest amount of precipitation appears in January (30 mm). The highest amount of precipitation in the beginning of summer can be attributed to the more intensive cyclone activity (the summer monsoon occurring in the second half of May, resp. in June), and to the local geographical and hydrological conditions (the inunediate vicinity of the Saj6 river, and the affect of the frequently occurring floods in spring - up to the end of May). In the region of Saj6szbged the distribution of precipitation is very uneven, dry periods without rainfall occur very often, mainly in the summer period. The amount of precipitation shows great fluctuations not only during the year, but also year by year. The distribution of rainy days is different from that of the amounts of precipitation, namely the highest number of rainy days are in December (14), then in May, June and November (13-13-13). From spring up to autumn storms occur frequently, sometimes without rainfall, but mostly with abundant, shower-like rain, cloud-burst and hail. The stormy period lasts from April to October, the main season is from May to July, but it may occur in other seasons, too. In Hungary, the average number of stormy days is 20-30. In the region of Saj6sz6ged, in the flood plmin of the Saj6 river extremely high number of storms can be expected due to frequent floods, in some years the number of stomns may exceed the average even by 50-70%. 25 ElV-ERC5TERV Rt. ER dJER V) Power Engineering and ER TER V Contractor Co. Air humidity Air humidity is usually given in the relative air humidity value. Considering the annual rclativc air humidity the highest values appear in December, while the lowest values appear in July. Table I14.-1 Monthly mean, maximum and minimum values of the relative air huidt( - - -- Months_I. 11. M. IV. V. VI. VX. III. ix. x. XI. XaI. medium 85 84 71 70 69 69 67 70 75 79 85 87 ax. 95 89 81 71 75 73 70 75 80 86 92 91 min. 70 71 55 55 52 _51 58 59 62 76 77 Fo Fog is a very important factor in air pollution. The highest number of foggy days appears in December, then in November and February. Table J14.-2 Average number of foggy days January Febnrary | October Novenber December 6 6 3 5 7 9 26 ETV-ER5TERV Rt. EROTER Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Wind The region of Saj6szoged belongs to the meteorological zones of strong air current. According to a medium annual wind velocity value, the air currents are generally stronger between December and March, while between August and October they are weaker. The most windy month is April, the most calm is September. According to the average monthly wind velocity data, higher wind velocities appear in late spring and in the summer, respectively in winter. In the region of Saj6szoged, in an annual review the most frequent wind direction is north (annual fiequency is 15.1%/6), the second most frequent wind direction is north-east (10.7% of the total wind occurrences), then south (10.1%). The frequency of N-NE and N winds varies significantly by seasons, but they are dominating during the whole year. The relative frequency of synoptic wind velocities by seasons is shown in Table I/4.-3. In spring the dominating wind direction is norti (frequency: 12.5%), the second dominating wind direction is north-east (10.4%). Strong winds (11-14 m:s) most frequently blow from north, fresh winds (7-10 m/s) also blow from north in the majority of cases. In summer the dominating wind direction is north (frequency: 14.3%), the second dominating wind direction is north-east. Strong winds blow from north/north-east, east/north-east and north, the dominating wind direction of fresh winds is north. 27 Spring Summer N Nz s.. X1i NW, _- 5 - E NW, - 'NE 1VNW, NE U..Wa . E N E . iv * ,E w SW\ _ -"SE SS'-, ' -'SE - ~~~~~~~siV'.;. -__--S S S equency of calm periods: 10.5% Frequency of calm periods: 17.5% Autunn Winter N N NN`WV_-JO-P--NE N,V- _NE ,w , ;- ., N{t-ENE IN'VX ENE S%%}v_ SI;- r-E W,' ' s ,SE SS -- _--* SS -ISE_-SE S*-, , I.a a S S Frequency of calm periods: 18.2% Frequency of calm periods: 13.6% Fig. 1W4.-3 Relative frequency of svnoptic wind velocities according to wind directions (°) ETV-ER6TERV Rt. (ER ER Power Engineering and Contractor Co. In autumn the dominating wind direction remains north (9.3%), the second dominating wind direction is north-east and south (both with the same frequency: 8.9-8.9%), then follow the winds of south-westm direction (8.6%). Strong winds blow from northem, north-eastern, western, north-western and northern direction with the same frequency, in case of fresh winds the dominating direction is north. In winter the dominating wind direction turns into south-west (frequency: 10.4%), the second dominating wind direction is north-east (9.9%), then north and north-east. Stormy winds blow from north and north-east. Strong winds, in the majority of cases, blow from north, north-east Fresh winds mostly blow from north and north/north-east. In the region there is no meteorological station where the vertical temperature gradient is examined (there are only 13 such meteorological stations in the country). Therefore, the average occurrence frequencies in the wind velocity and stability categories are same as the national average frequencies in Table 134-5 (Bede-Gacs). Table 1/4-3 - Average occurrence frequencies by wind velocity and stability categories, % Stability Wind velocty category category 0,1 0,9 2,5 4,4 6,7 9,3 12,3 16 Total 1 0,3 1,7 1,5 0;2 0.1 0,0 0.0 0,0 3,8 2 0,3 2,2 2,2 0,5 0,1 0,0 0,0 0.0 5,3 3 0,5 3,5 3,9 1,1 0,2 0,1 0,0 0,0 9,3 4 0,4 4,3 5,6 2,2 0,6 0,1 0,0 0,0 13,2 5 0,4 5,9 9,1 4,6 1,6 0,4 0,1 0,0 22,1 6 0,5 7,2 14,6 10,1 5,2 1,7 0,4 0,1 39.8 7 0,0 0,9 2,9 1,9 0,7 0,1 0,0 0,0 6,5 Total 2,4 25,7 39,8 20,6 8.5 2.4 0.5 0,1 100 28 I ETV-EROTERV Rt. (ER ( JERV Power Engineering and Contractor Co. 1/S GEOLOGICAL, HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENT 1/5.1 Geological conditions Saj6szoged is located on the conmmon talus of the Saj6 and Hernad rivers. The general geological structure of the investigated area is shown by the successive layers of Fig. I/5.1.-i. The forrn of the basin bed of the region looks like a "chess-table". Its materials are: sedimentary rocks and metamorphological slates. In the Austrian Orogenic period the area have significantly sunk along the dislocation belt formed in northern direction from the crystalline substratum. and have given its place to the sea protruding from the north-eastern Carpathian Mountains. Here, by fast and rhythmic sedimentation, thick (over 1000 m) magmatic formations have accumulated, which have an Orogenic character, and which belong to the diabase group, which are in connection with the Cretaceous-Paleogenic flysch and with the deep furrows of the dislocation belt. Then formations of a character of Eocene and Oligocene flysch. and tuff, tufite, and gray-red clay are shown in the successive layers. The Miocene formations settled on the Oligocene formations are of rhyolite tuff in a thickness of 400-500 m. The composure is generally without layers or cross- layered, which means that they are dry or alluvial accumulations. The tuff is covered by lower Pannonian clay. clay marl, sand and sand stone, with thin brown coal-clay stripes at some places. The lower Pannonian, slightly salty sea sediments are of a thickness of about 1000 m along the Tisza river, and they become thinner in eastern direction. The lower Pannonian formations are covered by late Pannonian freshwater-, lake- or marshy sediments (sand, clay, clay marl). In this composure several aquitard sand layers have formed. In the surface of the late Pamnonian sediments - possibly in conmection with the Romanian and the following younger Orogenic movements - a number of shallower-deeper basins bave fonned, which have been filled with alluvial deposits and unified with the separating hilltops by the end of the Pleistocene epoch. 29 |E~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Isaeq^d I i I LI i- * sEAq_ -S__ _- a E~~~~~~~~ sn¶J CiUe faimatim 5 _ ^ E w^ lor ----- -. W.h<.ddu .uh.dadia _ i.; G .m .Ig..dg;-- ~~~~~~~~~~- ~ - .-=- I) d!r._w.. day , 2 W d ' D 2 {rI A _--_ -_ mn- -. si .Y FF Irrq ~~1DI w B Ae^,^ ^now, owman. * mhedmy ,le _____ * ___ - - * A a y.tan Aiahda - - _ _ _1 _ (- =J]r alt barney di ., am.a 9 Aft1 CA e m day C4.gNs u r Alkib hos Aaieink dwhliw.md * 1 3 _ W rdoadd.uaiI.. hem ml .e cbmiom ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .(ftuamI) SW ih i. W . om f JSaudy hem S emddm d and * 2 Fh.~dda4y quicksa 8 'EJ Q_d ! ]gQick .d *2 Rwaik a mI a E X Rimsk ompw Rive mI *DduviaL alw-id day * Navlw day * 3Ri= J ''ORiver s ntd * js j Ele m D.hvi..La-Wvlday * SipuefJglboik d Gisee go lsufd c al* i structure ofthtg ae " ~~~~~~~~~General geologled structhre of thie Inrd area ETV-EROTERV Rt. ER TER Power Engineerng and Contractor Co. The coarse alluvial deposits filling the quickly sinking area of the Lowland is called the talus of the Saj6-Hernad rivers in the literature. The thickness of the Quaternary layers varies between 40 and 350 m, it is demonstrated by the geological section shown in Fig. I/5.1.-2. The largest part of this region is the area surrounded by settlements Tiszadob-Em6d-Mez6keresztes-Egyek- Balmazijvaros-Tiszadob. The whole talus - according to literature - has a surface of 1,250 sq.kmn. Its average thickness is 100 mn The greatest thickness is 300 m at Polgar, in Tiszaujvaros it is 200 m according to the data of the local thermal water well. The talus in the region has been investigated up to a depth of 110 I, we have the data of the successive layers of this depth. The Tisza river - according to the data of the literature - appeared in the ancient Holocene epoch, i.e. approx. 15-20 thousand years ago (at the very end of the formation of the gravel bench) and disposed its drift during floods. Its bed has cut into the gravel bench where the water disposed fine-grain silty sand flour. The river bed follows the direction of the nearby SW-NE frrow. The structure of the successive layers of deposits is like a sandwich. In the research borings we can find all grain fractures, from coarse gravel to alluvial clay. In many cases, the specific layers of the same soil-physical characteristics may protrude even within a distance of 50-100 m. The shallow geological structure of the Tisza-Saj6 delta is shown in Fig. IIS.1.-3. In the area of the Lowland, at the end of the Pleistocene epoch significant quick sand and loess formation had taken place, which had an influence on the whole area. However, a part of the alluvial sand had transformed into quick sand had covered large areas. The gravel, sand and flood plain clay of deeper basins repeat themselves rhythmically, according to the sinking periods and the climatic cycles influencing ablation and filling. 30 North-West Tiszadjviros m, ASL tbdpel;l SJaszaged Paolqdr Cdrbehdaa Iaold6b5s 5rninu Debrecen ASI Alsolsoleo SoJohadvug I I I I too 10 ~ ~ ~ ~ L~..* * O * * .. io a 4.%~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 'O~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C t_ /E SI 11 l o* ,1 ' ~ ' ' ' L . . £ Z . i j j -200~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-0 20.-200 I Sandy gravel, gravely sand 6 Silt 2 Coarse-grain sand 7 Border of the Pannonian and Pleistocene fonuations 3 Medium-grain sand a Border of the "Levantan" and Pleistocene roniianions 4 Fine-grain sand 9 Border orthe lower and medium Pleistocene ronrntions 4 Fioe-grain s as d 10 Border of lthe medium and late Pleistocene fomiations 5 Loess, Fig. 1/5.1.-2 Geological protile of the Quaternary layers botveen the Tisza-Saj6 delta and Debrecen (Prepared by J. Urbanchek, 1960) North-West Siouth-East m, over sea level m. over sea level 100 rn o.e 1 e0l0e Soj6brbs TiszopolkonU° PalIgo,r a 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7 s0 a ao 7~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 70 _. . . . . . . 70 w o s 2 3 4 s~~~~~~~~~~km O~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . . . . . S m 23 4 3 4 E 6 2. r~~~~~~~~~~m FTT.m - fE E6 R 5 Silt 2 1. Sandy gravel, 6 Clayey silt 3 2. Coarse sand, 7 Clay o 3 Silty sand, 8 Rocky clay 4 Clayey sand, '- C. 0. 4. Tiszopolkonuo 95.4 m.ASL 2 brownish-yellowish clay 3~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 4i___________________ Dgo Dso Dio ]~~ ~~~~~~~~ .. 1-- .: lll light-brown sandy gravel - . 7~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 9.~~~~~~~~~~~*C Igray clayll 10.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * gay gravely sand I gray gravely sandI 13 Fig. 1/5.1.4 Structure and granulometric composition of the soil and the shallow layers ETV-EROSTERV Rt. RER V Power Engineerng and Contractor Co. From the data of the shallow research borings drilled in the area of Tiszaujvaros, close to Sajoszoged, we can get a clear picture on the structure of the soil layer and the shallow layers and their granulometric composition. The mean characteristic values of the granulometric composition are shown in Fig. I/5.1. 4. 1/5.2 Hydrogeological conditions From the point of view of water supply, the most important water resource of the area is the talus of the Saj6 river. The water volume stored in the full composure of the talus can be considered as a uniformn water system, one single water mass, which means the water resource of the talus at any tapping point (at any level ). The total volume of water contained in the gravel bench is estimated 5-6 cu.hn. The maximum water capacity which can be extracted without disturbing the static balance is 500,000 cu.m/day. The water resource of the talus has a supply from various sources. The most important supply is by precipitation. Groundwater which is in direct connection with the precipitation is close to the surface. According to the many years' data of the groundwater monitoring wells in Sajoars and Sajoszoged (VITUKI data base) the groundwater level is at 4-5 m under the ground level. Groundwater level depends mainly on the amount of precipitation, its annual periods follow the annual periods of precipitation, with an adequate delay. The Tisza river which crosses the talus supplies with water the gravel bench primarily at high stages, as it is shown by the stage records dispiayed in Fig. 1/5.2-1. At low stages the Tisza river has a tapping impact on the gravel bench. The supply value of tie Tisza river, based on several measuring result series, is 100-110 Vs/km. In the form of deep water flows, the water resource of the gravel bench also has a supply from the Build mountain and the Taktakoz and Szerencs hill country. Thus, it becomes clear, that deep waters flow towards the Tisza valley. 31 Height of the water head m, BSL 93.0 A 92.01 91.0 * ' A Jv~~~~II, IA '90.0 A\. vD~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -o Working water level of well IX, Municipal Water Works of Tiszaujvhros Static water level or well IX, Municipal Water Works of Tiszaujviros High stage of Tisza at Tiszapalkonya A . - - Medium stage of Tisza at Tiszapalkonya - I6,C 1. D. m iu v. V vi v vm. N X. xi x1. D ti v. VL v vi v .IX. x.. X x i. i iL V !xXxX! Timn | 1987 19Q 3 1989 l ETV-EROTERV Rt. ( ER d TER V ) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. The same holds for the groundwater flow, since groundwater cannot be separated in the gravel bench. The regional flow directions of groundwater are shown by Fig. I/5.2.-2. In the environment of the project groundwater flow (and also the contamination) has a northerr!south-easten direction. However, flow conditions are significantly influenced by the cunrent stage of the rivers and also by precipitation. 32 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (~ER 1( TE Power Engineering and Contractor Co. 116 SELECTiON OF THE AREAS TO BE INVESTIGATED The areas to be investigated for the existing environmental status and for the impacts of the operation of the projected power plant have been selected and presented separately, according to the enviromnental elements and the investment phases (see Table 1/6.-I and Figs. 116.-1, -2, -3, 4, -5). Table 1/6.-4 - Display of the investigated areas according to environmental elements and investment phases Environmental I_ nvestigated area element resp. During the assessment During the During operation impact of the basic status construction groundwater Subsurface waters monitoring wells in plant site plant site the area (Saj6sz6ged, Tiszaijvaros) sections of the Tisza Surface waters and Saj6 rivers in the plant site plant site region Geology, soil borings in the immediate vicinity of plant site plant site the site Local measuring Air points of the Institute of B.A.Z. Country of immediate vicinity the environment ANTSZ and the of the plant and the within 5 kan measuring points of transportation routes distance around the the National power plant - ImnAission Monitoring Network in Tiszaiijvaros . the environment immediate vicinity the environment Flora and fauna within 5 kan distance of the plant and the within 5 km around the power transportation routes distance around the plant power plant the environment of the environment of the environment of Noise the sub-station and the power plant and the power plant and the closest residential the transportation the transportation buildings routes routes 33 I p~~~~~~~~~~~ mm ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~m I~~ , - - E -:S [I Tf1 If _______ X_____ mmXE n_ ; t I Legend Projected power plant //i v Location of the borings Existing plant site a a Prgj - M hecteddpow '1~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 6 Fig. I/6-4 Map of thse investigated areas - Soil and subsulrface wvaters 40 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~s OF~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I N. cmdft~~~~ ** L~~~~~~~ A I.A d t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I - . [Agend~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :IL Sufface watef (low~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * I Water quality~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Sa~zOu measuring slation~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ a " ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t * S t_l ' ;* ; * e;X ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* I .......... Jr~ ~~AII;;.: ~* **~,** I!oIsS . no1 S Legend - 0 ~~Immission measuring point Possible transportation route The impact area of the power plant ' ;'m£'~" \ from the point of view of air quality * Hejimluta -~~~~~~~~~O sf-' :~~~~~~~A X4kKJ,7 Legend ,#;( Immission measuring point Possible transportation route \1 i) g \ Y wi l, *'''''F-/e'§KX \ O The impact area of the power plant t i X K \!s ex lOi wX \ ~~~~~~from the point of view of aiT quality L.... fti r i~~~~~~~~~ | * 4I ! I tI I .i I , em *0 ~ ~ ~ 4- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1| I K/Y\A /J A I t 11- >L1 Noise measufing sufface Possible Irrnpoftation woute Impact :rea of the power plant | \ _romthepointofviewornoise A ...... t a. | I & . ; :a r t=;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 > ,sw s / st4' ,9H~I X A. .. . I x 1; t@s .o / o//s // / S tst > wJ7 s *9~~~~~~~~ ~\ --@-Zs' / * \ 's / , /,r ,,,/ /;l f ' A S*^ }\ . /X f ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~s. '/* . Bs /o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I.,*, .00~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I .* /_w 9,', 'ege ProJected plant site Lentigation area during the - 4 r _ .-o I ocatlon of the borings sment of the cuffent status, et - Sufface water low I the impact area ofthe power fW\ ' K ; -R.tPN>° tj O 1 \ \Water quality from the point of view ofair *j . ,.., 2 mcasuring station ty and the flora and fauna . - _ | Immission measuring point Noise measuring suriace I - - I * - It : \ \Possible transponatlon route The impact area of the power plant |K : \ _ Protected area from th,i nn'infrs;.... if _ I - ETV-EROTERV Rt. T RV ~~~~~~~~~~Power Engineering and Contractor Co. 1/7 STATUS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS AND SYSTlEMS I/7.1 Status of waters I1/7.1.1 Subsurface waters The data of groundwater monitoring well No. 593 of VITUKI. located in Sajoszoged, are the following: Altitude: 96.19 ASL Annual low water (KV): 92.79 ASL Annual high water (NV): 95.71 ASL Annual medium water (KOV): 94.01 ASL Highest water (LVN): 95.75 ASL (March 1966) Lowest water (LKV): 92.05 ASL (September 1974) High water is characteristic to May-June, while low water is characteristic to December-January, the annual water level fluctuation is 1.5 m on the average. Fig. I/7.1.1.-4 shows the annual water level data of the above mentioned VITUKI well No. 593 and 4_TIF0 wells (Tiszai'jvaros) (VITUKI data base). During the exploration of the contamination in the area of TVK Rt. several wells were drilled, in which groundwater levels were measured. The measuring results show, that groundwater has an expanded surface, i.e. the water level settles in the clayey cover layer. Water level measurements based on the above measuring results show, that within the regional NW-SE flows there are some local deviations, but these change flow conditions only in some 10 resp. 100 m size areas. 34 Monthly medium stages in, ASL ?6.0 - 940 '- ; 93,0 T VWell No. I Well No. 2 ______ - Well No. 4 3. co L IV. v. VL Vl! Vll :X. X. x;. X. Timne ETV-EROTERV Rt. (ER d TE Power Engineerng and Contractor Co. The quality of the subsurface waters in the area are characterized by a relatively low pH value and high lime-aggressive carbon-dioxide contents. Their manganese contents is over the limit value specified by the standard specifications, their iron contents is about the permissible limit value. The quality of subsurface waters in the immediate vicinity of the projected power plant shall be dealt with again in section 1/7.2, when we present the results of soil investigations. I/7.1.2 Surface waters In the vicin!tv of the projected power plant there are no surface waters, however, tne area belongs to the region endangered by the floods of the Sajo and Tisza rivers. The location of the flood plains is shown in Fig. 1I7.1.2.-4. The section of che Tisza river shown in the figure is 62 kn long, it has a water supply only from the right side: from the Saj6 and Hejo rivers, from the Rig6si main canal and the Sulymosi main canal. The left side of the small region is in contact with the water resource of Kiraly-brook and Als6selypes-brook which join the Hortobagy-Beretty6 rivers. The area is dry, with few run off. Fishing lakes and irrigation canals can also be found within the boundaries of the area. On both sides of the Tisza river flood protection dams were built as a part of the river control. Approx. 55-65% of the area fall under flood level. The foreshore of Tisza has been built in a width of 1-4 kan along the river in order to drain floods. The relevant hydrological data are shown in Table 117.1.2. Table lJ7.1.2-1 Summary of the hydrolo2 cal data in the area of SaJ6sz6ied Water flow Small water Medium water High water (catchment area) yield, m3/s yield, m3/s yield, m3/s Tisza, (62723 klnz) 90 550 3100 Saj6, (12708 k 60 550 35 - -MLSKOLC]--] ? _~~~ * _ *dZ>tv..s : ' _ *- T0ID IJ . sREDi" - 'r r _ EtiER ' -l ~ ~ ~ - Fiat grade training bank * . 1% diked marches * 1~~~~~~~~~~~Me diked marshes % ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~) Border ofdanmming C6 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~- Emergency reservoirs X* - - - - - Local dams (mare -mp danms) - - - Dams against stummer flood (more i-mrt dams) -I U.. I, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Gcqrsror as (o as ET-V-EROTERV Rt. (ER d TER V ) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. The length of canals draining inland waters is approx. 230 km, eight pump plants pump their water into the Tisza when flood comes. The foreshore of Tisza is everywhere separated by dams. The small region has 13 lakes. 9 of them are backwaters of the Tisza with a total water surface of 128 ha. two of them are natural lakes with a total surface water of 3.4 ha. and there are two fishing lakes at Tiszakeszi and Tiszafiired (48 and 75 ha). In the Taktak6z there arc no communal drinking water wells. The highest water consumption is in Tiszau3jvaros, shore-filtered drinking water is produced in 12 water works. In this area the water resources are endangered by s ,rface contamination. With regard to the future water use, the area of the Tisza-SaJ6 junction has a regional importance (shore filtering, groundwater), since this area has only a partial protection against contamination. due to it geological structure. Quality of the surface waters In the region of the investigated area, the water quality of the Tisza river is characterized by the data of the sampling place in the Tisza-Polgar section (498.5 river kmn) of the official measuring network. The water quality at the sampling place is detennined partly by the river section over the sampling place, and partly by the water quality of the Saj6 river. In our opinion and according to experience, the right solution for the problem is. when we compare the measuring results of the above mentioned Tisza river section with those of the Saj6-Kesznyeten river section (10.4 river km). The measuring results of 1994 together with the standard water quality classes (Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ 12749) are show in Tables inl.1.2.-2 and I17.1.2.-3 (VITUKI data base). 36 Table 1/7.12.-2. - Qualification according to Hungarisn Standard Specification MSZ 12749 08FFIS 10: Saj6 10.4: Kesznyeten Qualified period: 01.01.'94. - 31.12.'94. ComponLls n min. max. avemne diwersion DiM 90% 95. Clas Grasp A: OiypU up* - Om IV. Disslved oe. mSgI 52 5.70 12.20 3.73 1.740 0.1995 6.2b 5.92 1. Op.. 1at. % 52 b0.2 104.3 K0.5 9.2t 0.114.t 70.0 62.7 Ill. Ilieeh.)Lx.D0s.-5 mpA 52 2.1 10.2 6.2 1.19 0.3030 A4 9.1 l11. C11mu.Oi.Den..e. n6A 52 2.9 10.7 5.2 13J 0.2659 62 7.5 II. Chcm.Aa.rDEsuje mg/l 52 10 37 1a 4.7 0.2374 22 23 I1 *ronicimy mI 0 - - -o S{Mlnlehueck)ind 52 1.73 3.29 2.3.1 0.399 0.1717 2.92 3.19 n. Ct Ih NutTIenI spply - Clm IV. N114-N m&I4 52 0.06 1.79 0.63 0.507 0.3110 1.46 1.63 IV N02-N mgIl 52 0.040 0.407 0.115 0.0743 0.6437 0.135 0.253 IV. W03-N mguA 52 0.97 3.9S 2.43 0.555 0.2241 3.07 3.40 it. P04-P pffi4 52 59 522 239 993 0.4141 364 S31 IV. Total r pgA 52 130 670 361 102.7 0.2341 412 542 IV. chlofphInwI psA 52 O IS3.2 22.6 21.97 1.2302 52.6 56.1 nv. Croup C. M krsl parmm - Clan V. Colirorm i/ml 6 40.0 6000.0 1923 * . V. Group Da Orlple and lmrmldc mkrepot-Cla-a V. Oil jIZI IS 10 200 91 56.9 0.6242 152 164 IV. Phenols pWA I3 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 1. ANI4A crfa MAl 52 9 116 35 20.1 0.5703 70 1. Al((diolvcd) Ail 10 32 1310 3i3 361.1 0.9633 522 916 V. An (disolved) "Al 4 0.0 3.0 2.0 - - - - 1. H (dissolvedl POg 5 120 160 133 - - - IL CN(lulal) PS 5 ° ° ° - CN (fice) pgAI 0 - Zn (diolved) pg4 10 30 142 65 40.1 0.6173 132 237 IV. Hg(disolved) Wgll 10 0.00 0.10 0.04 0.032 0.395 0.06 0.08 1. Cd(dissIved) POg1 10 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.16 1.7724 0.2 OA L Cc(disolved) W9l 10 02 33 1.7 1.14 0.6935 3.0 3.2 1. C_-VI pgA 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - - 1. Ni (dinolved) MA 10 0.0 4.0 1.6 1.49 0.9233 3.0 3.5 1. il (dissolved) Pgil 10 0.0 16.0 4.3 6.17 1.4313 12.0 14. IU Cu(dusolved) pjgl 10 2.0 12.6 6.1 330 0.5379 9.2 0.9 II. Renzopyrcne MAE I 0.005 0.005 0.005 - - - 1. Chlooronu *I%A 2 0.5 0.6 0.6 - . - - . Cd14 w1 3 0.3 2.0 1.6 IL- - 11 Trichloro-cthylrnc p&l 2 0.1 0.2 0.2 - - - * . Ternchlono-ah. RA 2 0.1 0.1 0.1 - - - - . Lindanc PO 0 - Malalian jg/ I 0.1 0.1 0. I 2.4-1) Pog a . - . . . MCeA pigAI 0 . - - - - - Ahiinit Pk j 2 0.1 0.7 0.4 - - - - 2L PC(J 11 0l - - - - - - Ncut.hloot. WA a - ITtal P. lIqI I11 0.10 0.23 0.17 0.044 0.2W00 0.22 0.23 11 C's137 I412 0 - - - - .SI-9tl 11/1ll 0 - . . - . - mIunm lIe1 U - - - - - - Group E: Othwr psernetrn- Claes IV. pi I"liaSr) 52 7.52 X.lo 7.11 ( 0.111 0.0230 3.0 R.10 11 CaMInul1wvty pSkuIm 52 321 312 st0 1319.1 0.2061 hShi 711 11 IN~>lvccl Fc mg/I Irk 0.00 0.15 01u7 0.011 .5723 0.09 e112 1 Mn (h.wivad) mFA 12 0.00 ol A a.us, 0A1Us .t 0.14 0.34 IV 37 Table 117.1.2.-3. - Qualification according to Hungarian Stansdard Specification MSZ 12749 OSFF04 10: Tisza, 498.3: Polgir, K6zfiti hid Qualified period: 01.01.'94. - 31.12.'94. CG tOneS n mM. MM. avenu dismenio DIM 90% 95%; an:. Creep' As Ckyg.a supply - Clas DML Disolved ox. mI 26 4.40 14.00 9.75 23S4 0.2414 5.N8 4.79 it!. OJ. u. ;. 26 57.4 112.0 90.7 12.66 0.1396 69* 60.3 Ill. Iioch.O0.Dem.-S mgI 26 1.0 S.5 5.0 1.72 0.3402 7.3 t.I Ill. ClmA.Ox.Dem_e. mgIA 26 2.o 7.3 4.2 1.32 0.3101 6. 6.6 11. Cheu.Ox.Dem,e. n 20 tO 23 13 ;.2 0.2370 17 IS It. lroaeisy 0 o - - - S(PlmilebuckWind 26 l.7 2.32 2.00 0.13S 0.0925 2.20 2.23 it. Grep t ?eMarkolmpply - Chu Ul. N114-N mgiA 26 0.05 0.57 0.20 0.132 0.6545 0.35 0.44 I. N02-N mn4 26 0.012 0.049 0.031 0.0073 0.2330 0.039 0.042 Ill. N03-N me 26 0.12 2.15 1.26 0.527 04131 1.0 1.55 I. rOd-P ppI 26 0 91 34 24.6 0.7199 56 69 IL TOl r PgI 26 50 330 121 60.3 0.4"5 267 219 I1. ChlIobmhylI uEI 26 0.6 30.6 15.5 19.36 1.2502 26.8 5116 Il. Creup C MkIrfil parn - Cam IV. Colinnsm i.sm 20 7.0 1600.0 259.6 439.06 1.6916 460.0 i1oo.o IV. CGrep Di Orgaen mad lrpok o t-Cbm IV. Oil pgA 14 20 150 92 107.0 1.1612 106 212 IV. Peols PO/ 14 0 0 0 1. ANA.detgemts pg/I 26 1 51 15 l0.t 0.7367 24 31 1. Al (dissoled) p toI 10 103 509 219 110* 0.5053 272 337 IV. As (disoled) 0 - - - R(diumlved) MAg 0 - - . - CPN (.ta) wpI 0 - - - - - - - CN rns) PgO 0 - - Zn (disolved) POI 9 30 204 102 - T IV. Hg (dissolved) pgI 9 0.00 0.09 0.04 . . . L Cd(dissolved) plI 9 tO 0.5 0.2 - - 1. Cr (di wolvod) MA 9 tO 7. 1.9 - - - 1. Cf-VI PgO 3 OD 0.0 0.0 - - - Ni (dissolved) pgi 9 0.0 30.0 2.1 - - - - 1. Pb(dimlved) pll 9 0.0 140 3.4 . . . I Cu (disol ved) p/ 6 4.0 22. 10 - - - Baipyrne pI 0 - - - - - Chlowofont Pg/l 0° CC14 MA 0 . - - - - Tnfblo-bethylene Mg/ 0O Terachloneth. g 0 * - - - Lindane gI 0 - _ _ Maltion pg/I 0 - - 2.4-1) W:l 0O MCPA PO/I ° - - - - - Akhinit Pk P/1 0 Pestachlnuof. I 0 - - - - Totl! P./I 14 0.07 0.19 0.12 0.031 0.2532 015 UI.l I Cs-I137 IkIA 0 . - - o Xe.9O IhIA 0 - - . - Tntlm IkIA a - Croup E. Other paraemuen - Ch II. pII(IahIw) 26 7.4- 1.21 7.4 0.200 0.02.A4 11.12 KAIl 11 Cnnducuvity Pg.fCWm 20o 231 472 357 59.A 0.A675 42- 43J 1 DIhSolved Fc mg/I 10 o00 0.22 0.12 0.04 0.53511 019 0.21 11 Mn (Ola'IOvcI mg/I Io 0.0(0 0.12 U.04 O0.1. 011l42 00 0.10 11 38 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. Energetikai Tervez8 6s V.iIaIkoz6 R6s7v6nyth!masag 0 ->7 ASoj6 - Kesznyeeen 60-1 200< 1973 75 80 85 90 92 > Year Fig. 117.1.2.-2 Yearly average KOId values and linear trends on Saj6-Kesznyeten and in the Tisza-Polgar section 10,0- |9,0- Sojo- Kesznyi ten 8*0 610 Tisza - P-l ,r 1973 75 80 A5 90 97 Year Fig. In.i.2.-3 Annual average values of ammonium and linear trends on Sajo- Kesznyeten snd in the Tis.a-Polgar section 200 . so 180 Soj6-KesrIyiten l0 t00- J IO - Ca' 20 - A-a 19, 3 58 -9 1'0 620- 40 - ~ Tizo-Pog 20 0 1973 75 80 85 90 92 > Year Fig. 1/7.1.2.-4 Yearly average values of total hardness and and linear trends on Saj6-KesznyRten and in the Tisza-Polgar section ETV-EROTERV Rt. TER o TER V ) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Based on the comprehensive qualification of the groups of components the difference in the water quality between the Tisza-Polgar and Saj6-Kesznyeten river sections becc;ne: evident. The water quality of the Saj6 river shows worst results in all respects than that than of the Tisza river. The changes which have taken place during the past 20 years are demonstrated in a graphical form in Figs. IJ7.1.2.-2, -3 and -4 based on the mean annual values of KOld. the ammonium-ion and the total hardness, as well as on the basis of the linear trend lines between the data of 1973-1982 and 1983-1992. The improvement of the water quality taking place in the second period in the case of all the three components is clearly shown in the figures. The water of quality class V. of the SaJ6 river (which is contaminated with the waste waters of Miskolc and the industrial plants located in the upper section of the river, and due to the industrial contamination originating from Slovakia) has an unfavorable impact on the water quality of the Tisza along this river section. I17.2 Soil investigations In the area of the projected power plant soil and groundwater investigations have been perforned in order to survey the current status and to asses the possible existing contamination. When marking out the place of the borings, we were striving for the comprehensive assessment of the area, taking into consideration the potential contamination sources. The location of the borings are shown in Fig. 1/6.-1. Based on the soil-mechanical investigation of the borings it can be stated, that, in the borings medium- and coarse grain gravel is found under a yellow clay and sand cover layer (see successive layers in Fig. I17.2.-1). Taking into consideration the materials as potential contamination carriers, the soil and groundwater samples taken from the borings have been submitted to the following analyses: - groundwater analysis: metals, TPH (aliphatic hydrocarbons). general water analysis - soil analysis: TPH 39 U Co - Q~~~~~~~~~- I IA I_______________- :!- Vt~..** O o _ ; s;'j m _s . .* .... '*' - '''--;* -' .2~~ I Us, en ~~~~~~~I I _-I 0~~~~~~~~u vfi O. 0~~~~ I , ~~~~~~~I _ -____-* .-_____ _ s* Fig. I172.-1 Successivre layers inl the boring. ETV-ER6TERV Rt. RA TE V Power Engineerng and Contractor Co. The analytical results of the general water analysis of the groundwater samples taken in the investigated area are shown in Table 1)7.2.-i. Bold figures are the analytical results exceeding the permissible concentrations specified by Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ 450/1-1989 on drinking water quality. Table I/7.2.-1 General_chemic paramaters of the ndwater Sample Sample Sample Limit value Sign of the sample No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 according to MSZ 450/1 pH 7.55 7.62 7.75 6.8-8.5 conductivity PiS/cm 774 905 877 1600 KOD mg/l 3.1 1.90 1.30 3.5 Chloride mg/l 17 15 21 100 Fluoride mg/l <0-02 <0.02 <0.02 1.7 Nitrite mg/I 0.10 0.05 0.03 0.3 Nitrate mg/I 3.7 15.6 8.2 40 Ammonium mg/l 0.19 0.16 0.09 0.2 Sulfate mg/I 123 165 149 300 Phosphate mg/I <1.5 <1.5 <1.5 5 Iron mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 1.0 Manganese mg/l 0.882 0.893 0.551 0.5 Sodium mgtl 17.6 16.9 25.1 200 Potassium mg/l 2.8 2.2 3.1 Calcium mg/l 61.3 72.9 55.8 Magnesium mg/l 75.4 83.4 81.7 40 ETV-EROTERV Rt. fER d TER V) Power Engineerng and Contractor Co. Comparing the measuring results with the relevant limit values it can be stated, that, with respect the general chemical parameter of the groundwater, only the manganese concentration exceeds the permissible limit value for drinking water, which is characteristic to the subsurface waters of the region. The analytical results of the toxic metals, together with the relevant limit values are shown in Table 1/7.2.-2. _________ Table I17.2.-2 Metasi in the sroundwater _________ Sign of the Limit value sample 1. 2. 3. Detection limit value according to MSZ 450/1-1989 mg/I mg/i mgl mg/l mg/I Al n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.05 0.2 As n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.010 0.05 B 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.012 5 Ba 0.056 0.076 0.047 0.002 I Be n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.002 Cd n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.0002 0.005 Co n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.006 Cr n.d. n.d. 0.02 0.01 0.05 Cu n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.004 1.0 Hg n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.0005 0.001 Ni n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.02 Pb n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.002 0.05 Sr 0.289 0.355 0.279 0.002 V n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.004 Zn n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.008 1.0 n.d. - non-detectable 41 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. (ER d TER V ) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Based on the analytical results it can be stated, that the majority of heavy metals is not detectable in the groundwater samples, only some of them appear in traces, but their concentration never exceeds the permissible value specified in the relevant standard specifications, and thus the groundwater can be considered clean. For reasons due to the technology applied in the existing transformer plant close to the area of the projected power plant, the soil possibly may contaminate with oil derivatives. Table I/7.2.-3 shows the analytical results of TPH in the groundwater. The analytical results have been compared with the limit values specified in Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ 450/1-1989 and with those of the Dutch "C" List (Dutch standard specifications for soil contamination). The values below the limit values of Dutch "A" List are not considered contamination, while the concentrations exceeding the limit values of the Dutch "C" List require direct measures: the earliest localization and elimination of the contamination. Table 1/7.2.-3 - TPH in the groundwater Limit value Limit value Sample TPH according to according to Dutch 9g/l MSZ 450/1-1989 ,.A" (,,C") List 1. 52.4 100 50 (600) 2. 610 100 50 (600) 3. 424 100 50 (600) Based on the measuring results it can be stated, that TPH concentrations in the groundwater samples taken from borings No. 2 and 3. exceed both the permissible values of the Hungarian standard specifications for drinking water and the limit values of the Dutch "A" List, and the concentrations of the samples of boring No. exceed event the limit values of the Dutch "C" List. which require interaction. 42 ,, ETV-ER6TERV Rt. (ER o TER V ) Power Engineedng and Contractor Co. We have performed separate TPH tests of the soil samples taken fiom the three borings, from various depths. The analytical results are shown in Table I17.2.- 4. The analytical results have been compared with the values of the Dutch "C' List, since there are no Hungarian standard specifications for soil contamination. Table 1/7.2.4 - TPH in the soil TPH Limit value according to Sample mg/kg Dutch "A" (,,C") List 1/0.2 m 18.4 50 (5000) 1/2.3 m 7.0 50 (5000) 1/4.5 m 4.6 50 (5000) 1/5.0 m 4.0 50 (5000) 1/5.5 m <1.0 50 (5000) 2/0.2 m 36.0 50 (5000) 212.5 mi 1.3 50 (5000) 2/4.5 m 2.1 50 (5000) 2/5.0 m 2.5 50 (5000) 2/5.5 m 4.1 50 (5000) 3/0.2 m 9.9 50 (5000) 3/2.5 m 2.0 50 (5000) 3/4.3 m 1.6 50 (5000) 3/4.8 m 1.0 50 (5000) 3/5.3 m <1.0 50 (5000) From the measuring results it can be stated, that the soil can be considered clean froin the point of view of aliphatic hydrocarbon (TPH) contamination., mineral oil derivatives can only be found in traces. 43 ETV-EROTERV Rt. ER T TERV Power Engineering and Contractor Co. IJ73 Air quality In this section we describe nitrogen-dioxide, sulfur-dioxide and flue dust concentrations in the ambient air on the basis of the measurements of the Institute of Borsod-Abaiij-Zempl6n County of ANTSZ (National Public Health and Medical Officer's Service) in February-March 1996, and those of the National Immission Measuring Network in the heating period of 1995 in Tiszaujvaros. The Institute has four air sampling device Type Letronik 8 in the following places: 1. Regional Primary School, Saj6szoged, Ady E. u. 20. 2. Nursery Home of Hejobaba, Sz6chenyi u. 94. 3. Mayor's Office, Nemesbikk, Pet6fi u. 5. 4. Primary School of Hej6pap, Templom u. 1. NO2 concentrations have been determined according to Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ-44-77, while S02 concentrations have been determined according to Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ-/33-84. In addition, in the area of the Regional Primary School of Sajoszoged a dust sampling device was established in order to determine the concentration of the large quantities of flue dust in the air. Saraples were taken once in a week. The concentrations have been determined according to Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ 21454/2-83. The measurements shall be continued by the Institute of B.A.Z. County of ANTSZ in April and May. Based on the preliminary agreement with the Environmental Inspectorate no measurements of settling dust have been performed, since the projected power plant shall have no significant emissions of solid particles. 44 ETV.ER6TERV Rt. f ER o TER Y Power Engineering and Contractor Co. The measuring results of February-March 1996 are summarized in Tables 1J73.-1, -2, -3, 4 and -5 and demonstrated in Figs. in73.-i, -2. The results of the measurements perforned in TiszauijvAros are shown in Table I/7.3-6. Table 117.3.- - 24-hour nitrogen-dioxide concentrations measured in February _______________ 1996 in the region of Smjskizi,ed Date NO2 concentration, pgfrn Saj6szoged Hej6bfiba Nemesbikk Hej6papi 05. February. 1996. 9 29 40 25 07. 18 18 45 18 09. 10 13 26 16 11. 12 15 24 31 13. 20 18 34 27 15. 10 13 44 32 17. 9 12 22 28 19. 11 31 36 20 21. 5 25 38 37 23. 9 6 44 27 25. 9 6 29 20 27. 19 1 1 42 41 29. 22 37 60 27 Monthly average 12,5 18 37.2 26.8 24-hour limit value Mg/M3 85 Number of excess values 0 0 0 0 Air quality category code I I 45 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (ER d7ERV Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Table 1/73.-2 - 24-hour nitrogen-dioxide concentrations measured in March 1996 in the region of Saf6szoged Date NO2 concentration, pg/m' Saj6szoged Hej5biba Nemesbik Hej6papi k 02. March 1996 18 16 43 33 04. 14 18 21 11 06. 28 30 27 24 08. 26 30 15 26 10. 10 10 24 13 12. 10 15 23 24 14. 18 8 33 25 16. 15 22 43 27 18. 26 58 36 20. 25 42 36 22. 21 36 31 24. 17 50 39 26. 33 23 33 28. 22 14 15 30. 5 20 32 Monthly average 19,2 18,7 33 27,1 24-hour limit value Atg/m3 85 Number of excess values 0 0 0 0 Air quality category code I I I I 46 ETV-EROTERV Rt. ER TE Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Table 117.3.-3 - 24-hour sulfur-dioxide concentrations measured in February 1996 in the region of Saj6szuged Date NO2 concentration, pg/mr Saj6szoged Hejobaba Nemesbikk Hejopapi 06. February 1996 14 7 34 61 08. 10 8 11 31 10. 6 9 8 8 12. 35 90 14 113 14. 12 45 18 58 16. 1 1 55 22 72 18. 13 43 15 33 20. 26 48 29 34 22. 35 54 30 34 24. 41 34 40 39 26. 44 56 158 40 28. 37 63 22 44 Monthly average 21,8 39,4 30,8 43,6 24-hour limit value ig/r3 150 Number of excess values 0 0 1 0 Air quality category code I 1 2 47 ETV-EROTERV Rt. R TER V Power Engineedng and Contractor Co. Table 1173A-4 - 24-hour sulfur-dioxide concentrations measured in March 1996 in the region of Saj6sz6ged Date N02 concentration, _g/mv' Saj6szoged HejobAba 1 Nemesbikk Hej5papi 01. March 1996 34 40 37 30 03. 26 43 50 33 05. 28 40 21 20 07. 35 39 26 22 09. 36 27 28 20 11. 32 30 24 15 13. 13 16 11 12 15. 9 17 20 14 17. 20 19 20 8 19. 13 9 24 21. 28 34 20 23. 20 11 38 25. 21 31 17 27. 10 22 19 29. 19 25 14 Monthly averge 22,9 23,3 22,7 21,3 24-hour limit value jg/M3 150 Number of excess values 0 0 0 0 Air quality category code 1 1 I 1 48 oo 80 70 60 - Saj6szOged so0 - HejObib Nemesblkk 40 -\ . -ep 40 A\ / { . _ . -Limit value 10 Date Flg. 1/7.3.-4 Changes In the N02 concentrations In February-March 1996 In the region of Sal6szbged 160 140* 120 100 -SieEe s0 NenMe.kk 60 --Limit vluej 20~~~~~~~K Date Fig. [V7.3.-2 Changes in the S02 concentrations In February-Mmrch 1996 In the region of Saj6szBlged ETV-ERCOTERV Rt. (ER T JER Vr Power Erngineering and Contractor Co. Table I/73.-S Measurement of great volume fuel dust concentrations in Saj6sz8ged, in February-March 1996 Date Fuel dust, lg/m3 05. Febrary 1996 42.0 12 90.7 19 21.41 26 21.56 04. March 1996 61.76 lE. 48.62 18. 42.6 25 50.8 Number of excess velues 0 Table I/73.-6 - NO2 and SO2 poBution data of Tiszaujvaros in the heating season of 1995 Average NO2 concentration, iggjm3 28 Measurements of excess NO2 1.39 concentration, % Average SO2 concentation, lig/m3 22 c, Measurements of excess SO2 0,82 - concentration, % Air quality category 2 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. (ER 6 TER V Power Engineedng and Contractor Co. The traverses and the residual gallery forests along the Saj6 river are potential nesting places of birds of prey. The mapping of the nests and the breeding species is underway together with other species which have a value from the point of view of nature protection. We are also searching for the habitats in the environment of the area which have a natural value. 117.5 Noise emission, current noise load of the area The area surrounding the Saj6szoged sub-station is partly agricultural area, partly industrial area, and partly residential and administrative area of low building density. Main road No. 35 passes close to the area, the heavy traffic of which makes the environment noisy in day time. The permissible noise load values (noise inunission) originating from the activities in the industrial plants (based on Attachment No. I to Decree No. 4/1984.(I.23.)EUM) are shown in Table I17.5.-1: Table 1/7.5.-I Limit values of the noise load originating from the activities in the industrial pla ts LAeq, dB LAeq. dB Function of the area day-time night 600-2200 220o06oo Residential and administrative area of low building density 50 40 Industrial area mixed with residential and administrative buildings 60 50 where: LAeq is the permissible equivalent sound pressure level A 51 Qt . Projected facility X Sub-station or Saj6szoged * Noise measuring points m=l :6000 Fig. In.5.4 Location of the noise measuring points ETV-ER&TERV Rt. (ER5 TERV Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Consult-R Environment Development Partnership Company performed measurements to determine the noise emission of the sub-station of Saj6szoged. The measurements have been carried out on March 29, 1996 according to Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ-13-111-85 and MSZ 18150/1-83. The location of the measuring points are shown in Fig. 1/7.5.-1. while the equivalent and noise emission sound pressure A- levels, the calculated noise emission limit values and the ground noise values are shown in Table 117.5.-2. The noise emission sound pressure level A at the measuring points shall be calculated with the following formula: LAE=Aeq+KI +K2+K3 where: LAeq is the equivalent sound pressure level A (dB) K1 is the correction due to ground noise (dB) K2 is the correction relating to impulse noises (dB) K3 is the correction due to the narrow-band character of the noise (dB) Reasons of the day/night noise emission limit values of the table: In the vicinity of the two border lines of the Saj6szoged sub-station there are no dwelling houscs to be protected, thus the noise load limit values should not be complied with. On the measuring surfaces exposed at a distance of 10 m from these two border lines (measuring surface III - measuring points 3101- 3107, measuring surface IV - measuring points 4101-4103), according to Section 3.2 of Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ-13-111-85, the highest value of the permissible noise emission limit value, i.e. 70 dB can be taken into account as noise emission limit value. 52 Table 1/7.5-2/a. - Noise measuring results 1. No. of Location of the measuring LAa LAa LAea LAea LKH LyHc -- LAE LAE measuring point day night day night day night day night point dB dB [dB dB dB dB dB dB 1101 eastem border of the site, 38 36 41 41 (63) 53 38 39 southern edge 1102 eastem border of the site 39 36 45 45 (63) 53 44 44 1103 eastem border of the site 38 36 41 40 (63) 53 38 39 1104 main entrance 39 36 49 50 (63) 53 49 50 1105 eastem border of the site 39 36 48 47 (63) 53 47 47 1106 eastem border of the site, 39 36 45 44 (63) 53 44 43 northern edge 1201 official quarter No.2 45 35 45* 38 60*** 50*** 35** 1301 official quarter No. I 45 35 45* 38 60** 50*** 35** 1401 watchman's house 48 35 48* 39 50*** 40*** 37** 1501 drewelling house 49 35 49* 39 50*** 40*** _ 37** at Babai street 32 1502 drewelling house 49 35 49* 39 50*** 40* * 37** at Babai street 30 2101 northern border of the site, 39 36 45 44 (67) 57 44 43 eastern edge 2102 northern border of the site 38 36 46 45 (67) 57 45 44 2103 r n38 36 46 46 (67) 57 45 46 2104 northern border of the site 39 36 49 49 (67) 57 49 49 2105 northern border of the site, 39 36 55 54 (67) 57 55 54 westemrn ed-e t,J vF Table 117.5-2/b. - Noise measurn.h results II. No. of Location of the measuring LAa LAa LAea LAea LKH LKH LAE LAE measuring point day night day night day night day night point dB B dB dB dB dB dB dB 3101 western border of the site, 39 36 55 54 70 70 55 54 northern edge 3102 western border of the site 39 36 57 57 70 70 57 57 3103 westem border ofthe site 39 36 55 55 70 70 55 55 3104 western border of the site 39 36 53 53 70 70 53 53 3105 western borde. of the site 39 36 53 53 70 70 53 53 3106 westem border of the site 39 36 49 48 70 70 49 48 3107 westem border of the site, 39 36 51 51 70 70 51 51 southern edge 4101 southem border of the site, 39 36 51 51 70 70 51 51 wester edge 4102 southern border of the site 39 36 42 40 70 70 39 38 4103 southem border of the site, 38 36 41 41 70 70 38 39 eastern edge - - Where: LAa - the equivalent sound pressure level A of the ground noise LA,E - noise emission sound pressure level A LAeq - equivalent sound pressure level A LKH - calculated noise emission limit value * - resultant of the traffic noise, the ground noise and the noise made by the sb-station, the noise made by sub-station cannot be determined ** - the reference sound pressure level A (LM,) deterrnined according to the Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ 181 150/1-83 (Section 5.1.3.) - noise load limit value ETV-EROTERV Rt. ER dTERV Power Engineering and Contractor Co. In the direction of measuring surface I (measuring points 1101-1106), located at a distance of d=10 m from the border line of the site, at a distance of 500 and 900 m, in he direction of measuring surface II (measuring points 2101 - 2105), located aw a distance of d=10 m from the border line of the site, at a distance of 900 m there are dwelling houses to be protected. Thus the noise emission limit value should be determined for these two measuring surfaces by calculation in a way, that the noise emission limit values should be complied with at a distance of 2 m from the facade of the buildings. In case of dwelling houses to be protected, the noise emission limit value LKJH (dB) should be calculated by the following formula: LKJ-1=LTH+KN+KR+KD where: LTH is the noise load (noise immission) limit value permissible in the enviromment of the plant, dB, which can be determined for the various parts of the environment of the sub-station taking into consideration the function of the specific area as indicated in Table 1/7.5.-i. In our case the function of the area to be taken into consideration is a residential and administrative area of low building density. KN is the correction associatcd with the number of noise sources in the enviromnent (in our case 0 dB) KR is the correction associated with the echo (in our case 0 dB) KD is the correction associated with noise propagation. The correction associated with noise propagation KD, in case of measuring the permissible noise emission limit value in dB, should be calculated by the following formula (according to Section 3.3.4 of Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ-13-111-85 ): KD = L*AE - L*AM where: L*AE - is the noise emission sound pressure level A measured at the critical point of the measuring surface, dB L*AM the highest standard sound pressure level A in the same direction, dB 55 ETV-ERCTERV Rt. ER TER ~~~~~~~~~~Power Engineering and Contractor Co. The standard sound pressure level A can be calculated by the following fonnula (according to Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ 18150/1-83): LAM - LAeq + K1 + K2 + K3 Since, according to the measurements, the noise was not of a narrow-band and it had not a pulsed character, (the correction value of K2 and K3 was zero), only the correction associated with ground noise (K1) had to be taken into consideration. When making the calculations for measuring surface I, KD (day) could not be calculated (since the standard sound pressure level A could not be determined due to the heavy traffic noise), we calculated with the night values. KD (night) = 15 dB for the official quarters, and KD (night) = 13 dB for dwelling houses of Baba street. When making the calculations for measuring surface II - which is emitting noise only towards the dwelling houses of Baba street -. KD (day) could not be calculated (since the standard sound pressure level A could not be determined due to the heavy traffic noise), we calculated with the night values. KD (night) = 17 dB for dwelling houses. With the calculated KD values the noise emission limit values for measuring surface I are the following: - for the official quarters, in the day-time period: 75 dB(A) (the -- permissible highest value is 70 dB(A)), during the night: 65 dB(A) on measuring surface I exposed at a distance of 10 m from the border of the site; - for dwelling houses of Baba street, in the day-time period: 63 dB(A), during the night: 53 dB(A) on measuring surface I exposed at a distance of I 0 m from the border of the site. 56 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. ER TE Power Engineering and Contrator Co. In such cases, when evaluating noise emissions, the stricter emission values should be taken into consideration, i.e. 63 resp. 53 dB(A). With the calculated KD values the noise emission limit values for measuring surface II (dwelling houses of Baba street) exposed at a distance of 10 m from the border of the site are, in the day-time period: 67 dB(A), during the night: 57 dB(A). At the time of the investigations the noise emission of the sub-station was approx. 80% of the maximum possible value. At this time all transformers and 5 cooling ventilators were operated. This can be considered normal working conditions. Comparing LAE noise emission sound pressure levels A determined at the specific measuring points and the associated LKyj noise emission limit values. we can state the following: a) In the day-time period (6 A.M. - 10 P.M.) the noise emitted by the sub- station was lower than the permissible noise emission limit values at the reference measuring points. The ground noise at the dwelling houses to be protected was higher than the noise load of the sub-station, and thus the measurements at these points could not be evaluated. b) In the night period the ground noise in the environment of the sub- station was lower than that of the day-time period. On the measuring surfaces exposed at the border lines of the site no excess values were measured, the measured values were lower than the relevant noise emission limit values (53, 57 resp. 70 dB(A) ). The noise load value at the dwelling houses to be protected was max. 35 dB(A), below the limit vzlue. 57 ETV-EROTERV Rt. R TER V ~~~~~~~~~Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Current noise load caused by road traffic Noise load limit values pennissible for newly designed or changed function areas, originating from road traffic (based on Attachment No. 3 to Decree No. 4/1984.(1.23.)EfiM)are shown in Table I/7.5.-3. Table I17.5.-3 A. B. Function of the area day night day night LAeq Laeq LAeq LAeq dB dB dB dB Residential and administrative area of 55 45 60 50 low building density Industrial area mixed with residential and administrative buildings 65 55 65* 55* Notes: A or. the roads of residential areas and on roads without through-traffic B on coliection- and main traffic roads, along branching railway lines. in the environment of airports (used so'ely by propeller planes) and heliports. *'- The public health authority may pernit an excess of 5 dB, resp. 10 dB in exceptional cases. The limit values of noise load caused by road traffic, displayed in Table 1/7.5- 3, are only guiding values for the existing roads, their application is not mandatory. The noise load values measured at the dwelling houses show, that the noise load caused by road traffic is below the guiding values 58 E1V-EROTERV Rt. ER TERV Power Engineering and Contractor Co. QUICK-START GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT OF SAJOSZOGED (Secondary reserve) DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY PART II THE PROJECTED ACTIVITY AND THE EXPECTED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 59 E1V-EROTERV Rt. ( ER d TER V ) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. II/I DESCRIPTION OF THE OPERATION OF THE PROJECTED GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT The gas turbine power plant is one of the technologies of electric energy production processes which causes the least environmental pollution. During its operation only airbome emissions and noise mean a pollution load to the environment. The decisive technological element of the power plant is the gas turbine, which has three main parts: the compressor, the combustion chamber and the turbine. The compressor compresses the suction air to the required pressure for combustion. The fuel is bumt by special burners. The turbine is rotated by the expansion of the high pressure and high temperature flue gas discharging from the combustion chamber. Electric energy is generated by a generator connected to the turbine. The generating flue gas is discharged to the open air through a stack. The gas turbine is mounted with a silencer both at the suction side and at the stack. The operation scheme and the axonometric view of the gas turbine is shown in Fig. 11/1.-i. while the view and the axonometric picture of the container unit are shown in Fig. Il/I.-2. During combustion at a high temperature a part of the suction air and the nitrogen- containing compounds of the fuel form nitrogen oxides. Their amount depends on the temperature of the flame and on the time of residence of the gases in the combustion chamber. The rate of nitrogen oxide generation can be kept on a low level by the proper fonnation of the combustion chamber, respectively by water injection. The fuel also contains some sulfur, in a very small quantity (max. 0.2%). During combustion this forms sulfur dioxide. The carbon monoxide and soot emission of the newest types of turbines is minimal. 60 ETV-EROTERV Rl. Energoetki Tervez6 ds Vdalkoz6 R6szv6nytirsas6g High-pressure compressor Low-pressure compressor Combustion chamber High-pressure turbine Air flow Low-pressure turbine Gas turbine Fig. W11.-la - Operation scheme of the gas turbine Fig. II/l.-i/b - Axonometric viewv of the gas turbine -t - ( ERGTERV) Energetikai Tervezd 6s V VbIIaIkoz6 R6szv6nyt6rsasdg Air filter Generator Gear drive Gas turbine Fig. II/1.-2/a - View of the gas turbine container unit Fig. IIJ1.-2/b - Axonometric view of the gas turbine container unit ETV-ER65TERV Rt. (ER TV Power Engineering and Contractor Co. In the attachment to this study, as a reference, we present the emission values measured in the Kelenfdld Power Plant, one of the Hungarian gas turbine power plants. In the present phase of planning neither the number of the required gas turbines has not been determined, nor the type has not been selected. Based on the received informal proposals we have selected one from among the possible types for demonstrating the envirommental impacts of the projected power plant, which has the most unfavorable characteristics from environmental point of view. The power plant shall have 100-120 MW capacity generated by one or two gas turbines. The most probable solution shall be a two-block facility, but the single-block version cannot be excluded either. During the investigation of the environmental impacts the most important difference between the two solutions is the analysis of the air pollution, since there is a significant difference between them with respect to immission. During the investigation of the environmental impacts the highest possible capacity - 120 MW - shall be considered as a reference. The characteristics of the power plant associated with this capacity (based on the received infornal proposals and the preliminary discussions with the potential suppliers) have changed as follows with -respect to the version presented in the preliminary environmental impact study: Type: not yet selected Capacity: 120 MW Efficiency: 40% Quantity: I or 2 61 EV-EROTERV Rt. (ER d TER V) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Operation: Number of startings/year - average 10 - maximum 60 - minimum 5 Expected operation time of one starting: 2 hours Sulfur content of the projected fuel: max. 0.2% Heating value of the fuel: min. 41 000 kJ/kg Fuel consumption: 7.3 kg/s Emitted flue gas: 365 kg/s, which is equivalent to 285 cu.m/s flue gas of normal condition (273 K, 101.3 kPa) Temperature of the emitted flue gas: 4800C Concentrations of pollutants in the emitted flue gas: nitrogen oxides max. 145 mg/cu.m (70 ppm) sulfur-dioxide max. 104 mg/cu.m carbon-monoxide max. 20 mg/cu.m soot <4 (blackening number according to the Bacharach scale) Emission of pollutants: nitrogen oxides max. 149 kg/h sulfur-dioxide max. 107 kg/h carbon-monoxide max. 20.5 kg/h Height of the stack 51 m (40 m) Noise emission of the equipment: max. 85 dB(A) sound pressure level on the emission surfaces exposed at a distance of I m from the container units, resp. from the buildings 62 ETV-EROTERV Rt. R TER V Power Engineering and Contractor Co. For the physical-chemical characteristics of the fuiel oil to be used as a fuel material. specified on the basis of a preliminary agreement with MOL Rt., see Table I/1.-i. Table 11/1.-4. - Characteristics of the gas turbine fuel oil Density at 20°C, at least 0.8 kg /dm' Viscosity at 20°C 2.5-8 mm /s Solidification point - in winter - I 0°C - in summer 0°C Open cup flash point 55°C Sulfur content max. 0,2% Water soluble acid and alkali content none Corrosion test (copper sheet at 500C, during 3 hours) negative Mechanical contamination none Water content in traces Specific heating value 42 000 kJ/kg Vanidium < 0.5 ppm Na+K 0 o.5 ppm Lead c I ppm Zinc < 2 ppm Calcium < l ppm Ash < I00 ppm Chlorine < 2 ppm 63 EIV-EROTERV RI. (ER dTJER V ) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. II/2 CONSTRUCTION AND ASSEMBLY II/2.1 Construction and assembly works According to the soil mechanical tests under the topsoil there are the following soil layers: max. 70 cm humic clay, 60-70 cm silty sand flour, 2.5 m clay, then sandy gravel and gravely sand. The layers have settled nearly horizontally, and they are characterized by stable settling conditions. The excavated soil layer shall be stockpiled safely in order to be backfilled after the construction. Approx. 3000 cu.m soil shall be excavated at the site of the engineering structures, but this volume shall not be removed from the site, because it shall be used for terrain correction after the construction. The construction work associated with the main equipment is basically foundation work, since the equipment is built from container units. With regard to the soil mechanical characteristics, in order to prevent the propagation of vibrations, the reinforced concrete foundation block shall be installed in a reinforced concrete basin, it shall contact with the foundation through a 6 cm thick vibra cork or another anti-vibration material layer. The main transformer shall have a reinforced concrete block base placed in a reinforced concrete oil catch basin having a closed stone bed. For the connections to the network several reinforced concrete base structures shall be built. For the storage of the fuel two 1000 cu.m above-ground cylindrical tanks shall be installed in vertical position, provided with a fixed roof and an inner floating roof. The tank shall have thermal insulation, an alumina sheet casing and a reinforced concrete protective ring. Demi water shall be stored in two 300 cu.m capacity containers installed on a reinforced concrete base. 64 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (ER d TERV) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. The building materials and the technological equipment shall be transported to the site by road. The construction period - approx. 8-10 months - shall be characterized by an intensive transportation activity, therefore we have to count with the increase of road traffic. Transportation of building materials: in average 100 t/day (i.e. 4-5 trucks/day, during earthworks and concrete works 6-8 trucks/day). During the construction period approx. 600-700 cu.m concrete resp. approx. 60 t steel shall arrive to the site. Concrete shall be transported in mixer trucks. Technolo : main equipment (turbines, generators, transformers - machine parts, stack parts, tanks) shall be transported pre-assembled, by special trailers. Auxiliary equipment and machine parts shall be transported by normal trucks with an average frequency of 2-3 trucks/day during the 2-3 month period of assembly. During the construction and assembly works mobile toilets and bathroom containers shall be installed on the site based on an agreement with the building company. The collection and the disposal of the generating waste water shall be the responsibility of the building company. The communal waste and the debris which is not qualified as hazardous waste (for example offal, packing materials, etc.) shall be collected and disposed by the contractor performing the building and assembly works. According to the relevant regulations, possible hazardous wastes (as for example paint wastes, oily rags, etc.) in all cases shall be collected, stored on a temporary basis and disposed by the contractor. 65 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (ER d TER V ) Power Engineenng and Contractor Co. 11/212 Changes taking place in the environmental elements Air quality During the construction works we have to count with a temporary dust load of the environment due to the removal of the vegetation, the foundation work and other earthworks. The air pollution by the exhaust smoke of the machines shall not be significant due to the distance of the construction site from the residential area (the closest dwelling house is at a distance of 500 m). The pollution of the access roads of the site means a secondary pollution (the vehicles passing through the area shall disturb the clay-mud-sand mixture on the road from time to time), but this shall affect only the immediate vicinity of the roads, the pollution shall decrease parallel with the distance from the construction site. The air pollution by the exhaust smoke of the increased road traffic shall not be significant compared with the current pollution load of the heavy traffic roads in the area. Thus the traffic associated with the construction shall not have a significant impact on the air quality of the area. Impacts on soil quality and subsurface waters The impacts of the construction works shall be manifest only in the plant site. Since the plant site shall already be excluded from agricultural cultivation by the time of the construction works, so-called "green damages" (treading underfoot) during construction may not be expected. The excavated topsoil shall be stockpiled separately and shall be backfilled after the construction, and care shall be taken, that a humic layer shall be at the top, where it is needed. 66 ETV-EROTERV Rt. ER TE V Power Engineering and Contractor Co. The soil shall only be affected by physical impacts (for example compaction), chemical impacts may not occur if technological discipline shall be respected. The building company shall be obliged to prevent the spill of any chemicals (on the ground), or - in case of a possible contamination - to remediate the soil; furthermore to remove any offal from the site when demobilizing. Soil contamination shall be prevented by full compliance with the water protection and waste management regulations. Subsurface waters could only be contaminated through the soil. which may not take place with regard to the above. Impacts on surface waters Since there are no surface waters in the work site and its immediate vicinity, during the construction works we do not have to count with pernicious environmental impacts affecting surface waters. Communal waste waters shall be collected in closed containers and shall be transported for disposal by licensed contractors. thus no waste water shall be discharged into the environment. 67 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (ER v JE Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Noise load of the environment in the construction period The construction, resp. building or demolition works are not performed on a permanent basis, it is an activity which shall be completed within a shorter or longer period of time. For this reason, the permissible noise level values are higher for such works than those prescribed for the time of operation based on regional categories. During construction the following activities (increasing the noise load) shall be carried out: transportation of materials and equipment necessary for the construction. noise of the construction and the assembly, transportation of the wastes and debris generating during construction. The permissible noise load limit values originating from the construction work have been determined for the investigated site on the basis of Attachment No. 2 of Decree No. 4/1984.(I.23.)EiM, for a period of time shorter than I year (see Table I/2.3-1). Table 11123.-1 - Permissible noise load limit values originating from the construction work Function of the area Day dB(A) Night dB(A) Residential and administrative area of low building density 60 45 Industrial area mixed with residential and administrative buildings 70 55 The construction works shall be performed in day time, in the open air. Considering the relevant regional categories and the distance of the dwelling houses to be protected from the site of construction (the closest dwelling houses to be protected are at a distance of 500, resp. 600 m from the site), respectively the 70 and 60 dB(A) day-time noise load limit value, excess noise load values are not expected at the official quarters and at the dwelling houses at Babai street to be protected. 68 ETV-EROTERV Rt. ( ER d TER V ) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. The transportation of the generating wastes from the site and the transportation of the materials and equipment required for the construction shall be by road. Based on previous estimation approx. 900 heavy truck tum-rounds shall be required for the transportation of the various materials and equipment. Since this shall be performed expectedly within a period of time shorter than I year, at least 6-8 truck turn-rounds per day (in day time) can be taken into consideration. The equivalent noise level calculated from the traffic data can be deternined by calculation on the basis of Section Ml.I of the Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ-13-183-1 (counting with a velocity of 50 km/h in the residential area). 8 truck turn-rounds/day in the given route means the passing of 16 heavy trucks (8-8 in each direction). The reference time is 16 hours, i.e. on the average, I heavy truck shall pass in each hour. The calculation with the fornula of the standard specifications (for heavy trucks) shall result, that the transportation activity in itself shall produce 51.6 dB(A) equivalent sound pressure level A at a distance of 7.5 m from the center line of the road. Currently the average equivalent sound pressure level A on the projected transportation road is 49 dB(A) (at the dwelling houses at Bibai street)), and thus the resultant of the two sound pressure levels is 53.5 dB(A). Consequently. the transportation activity during the construction works may cause an excess of 0.6 dB(A). and thus the noise load shall be far below the guiding value (60 dB(A)). Impact of the construction on the flora and the fauna The projected site has recently been excluded from agricultural cul:ivation. though it is still cultivated on a temporary basis, thus no values can be found in the area from the point of view of the flora and fauna. The construction and asse.-nbly works shall not disturb natural habitats. 69 ETV-EROTERV Rt. ( ER d TER V ) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Air pollution and noise increasing during the construction/assembly works and the associated transportations shall have no unfavorable impact on the flora and fauna, partly because they shall not be significant, partly because only a few species could find their home in the vicinity of the transportation roads due to the strong antropogenic effect. Human impacts of the construction Human impacts of the construction activity can be air pollution and noise. The construction shall result in a smaller dust pollution, however, due to the distance of the residential area from the site, this shall not cause measurable changes in the air quality. The imnpact of transportations on air pollution shall not be significant with respect to the current load of the nearby roads with heavy traffic. During the construction/assembly and the associated transportation activities the noise load shall expectedly a bit higher in the day time, but it shall not be over the limit values due to the distance of the dwelling houses from the site. 70 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. (R TER V) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. II.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE OPERATION I13.1 Air pollution and air quality 11/3.1.1 Expected airborne emissions and their qualification The expected airborne emissions of the power plant have been described in Section II/1. In Table E1/3.1.1.-4 the emissions are compared with the prescriptions of decree No. 4/1986.(VI.2.)OKTH, respectively with the expected (and thus projected) technological emiission limit values. Comparing the expected maximum airborne emissions with the two emission limit values it is clearly shown, that the emission are below the permissible concentrations. _Table II13.1.1.-1 Regional Expected Air pollutant Pollution emission emission technological . limit value* emission limit value [rng/:m31* I [kg/hl rkg/hl mfmpJml' I gas turbine (on *e stack) - NOx max. 145 max. 149 150 200 - SO max. 104 max. 107 150 115 - CO max. 20 max. 20,5 5000 100 - soot < 4 50 4... 2 gas turbine u its (two stack) er stack -NOx max. 145 max. 75 75 200 -SO. max. 104 max. 38 75 115 - CO max.20 max. I 1 2500 100 - soot <4' - 25 4_ _ _ Notes: * - for >50 m stack heigh, according to decree No. 4/1 986.(VI. 2.) OKTH, ** - for dry fle gas of normal condition (273 K, 101.3 kPa), 15 % oxygen content, - blackering number according to the Bacharach scale 71 ETV-ER6TERV Rt ( ER T TER V ) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. II.3.1.2 Determination of the height of the stack Determination of the heiEht of the stack on the basis of the emission limit values Based on hourly emissions we have determined the height of the stack required according to regulations (decree 21/1986.(VI.2.)MT, 4/1986.(VI.2.)OKTH, and Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ 21854). The height of the stack shall always be determined on the basis of the expected volume of the dominating (most critical) pollutant. In our case the dominant pollutant is NOx. The current air quality limit values for the site, respectively for the block to be built are shown in Table IL'3.1.2.-. The plant belongs to Protection category I, therefore, these limit values should be taken into consideration when determining the height of the stack. Table I113.1.2.1 - Air quality limit valIes (excerpts from the Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ 21854-1990), 9Lg/m3 Pollutant Rate of Protection category I. hazard annual 24 hours 30 minutes So- 3 70 150 250 CO 2 2000 5000 10000 soot 1 25 50 150 NOQ 2 70 85 100 NOX 2 100 1 50 200 72 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (ER TE Power Engineering and Contractor Co. The load index of Saj6szoged for SO2 and for nitrogen-oxides is 50, thus the official limit value shall be: 100 - 50 K2= =0.5 100 The regional emission limit value of the point source has been determined with the following formula: En = Ef*Kl r? where: En is the regional emission limit value of the point source K1 is the permissible air quality limit value of the given pollutant for 24 hours. in gg/m3 K2 is the official regulatory value Ef is the emission factor depending on the heigh! of the stack and the number of emission points: Ef. Ef= n where: Ef.i is the regulatory value prescribed in the Decree n is the number of point sources Based on the above data it can be checked, whether the projected stack meets the official requirements. The applied height of the stack is 51 m. In this case the permissible S02 and NOX emission shall be: In case of the 2-stack version Efi =2.0 n =2 Ef =1.0 En = 1.0 x 150 x 0.0 = 75 kg/h 73 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (ER TER V) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. In case of one single stack Efi =2.0 n =1 Ef =2.0 En=2.0x 150x0.50=15Okg/h The NOX emission of the power plant (max. 149 kg/h resp. 74 kg/h) is lower than the regional emission limit value, thus the applied stack height - 51 m - meets the requirements. The height of the stack determined in the present study differs from that of the preliminary environmental impact study, since on the basis of the inforTnative proposals and the previous discussions with the potential suppliers it has become clear, that, thanks to the technical development, there exist quick-start gas turbines the NOx emission of which is significantly lower than before. Comparing the expected S02 emissions with the regional emission limit values belonging to the required stack heights we get a result, according to which the quantity of S02 is 51% of the limit value. Controlling stack height determined from the emission limit values on the basis of air quality limit values For controlling the 51 m stack height determined in the above, respectively for determining the required basic data for the estimation of the expected air quality, we have made propagation calculations for the environment of the power plant. For the calculations we have used the computer program developed by the Environmental Office of ETV-EROTERV Rt. 74 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. TER Power Engineerng and Contractor Co. The above program works on the basis of the methods specified in the following Hungarian Standard Specifications: - MSZ 21457/4-80 - Transmission parameters of air pollutants. Determination of the measure of turbulent dispersion. - MSZ 21459/1-81 - Determination of the transmission of air pollutants. Calculation of the pollution impact of the point sources. - MSZ 21459/5-85 - Determination of the transmission of air pollutants. Determination of the effective height of the emission. During the calculation of propagation - as a result of the experience of the preliminary environmental impact study and updating of data - we have calculated 30-minute concentrations of nitrogen-oxides, sulfur-dioxide and carbon-monoxide (under the axis of the smoke plume) within 20 km distance from the plant. We have not calculated daily (24 h) and yearly immissions, since - -due to the short and fluctuating daily respectively yearly operation times (10 startings/year in average, 2-hour operation time per starting) the calculated average values shall not be characteristic; the calculated 30-minute maximum immissions are lower than the 24-hour healthy limit values (for NOX: 150, resp. 100 Lg/cu.m in the areas of outstanding protection category) reduced by the basic load. and even than the annual limit value (100 j±g/cu.m) for areas of protection categorv 1. reduced by the basic load. We have not dealt with solid particles as air pollutants. since solid particles are not characteristic to the emissions of gas turbines. 75 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. (ER TEV Power Engineenng and Contractor Co. During the calculations we have examined the following basic situations in case of 51 m stack height: 1. 2-stack version, various pollutants pollutants to be examined: NOX, S02, Co Meteorological conditions: atmospheric stability class: 7 (unstable) wind velocity: 3 n/s (average value) 2. 2-stack version, various meteorological conditions pollutants to be examined: NOx meteorological conditions: atmospheric stability class: 5-7 wind velocity: 2-6 mis 3. single stack version, various pollutants pollutants to be examined: NOx, SO2, CO Meteorological conditions: atmospheric stability class: 7 wind velocity: 3 m/s 4. single stack version. various meteorological conditions pollutants to be examined: NOx meteorological conditions: atmospheric stability class: 5-7 wind velocity: 2-6 m/s The results of the investigations are shown in Tables 1113.1.2.-i, -2. -3. 4. Based on Figs. I11/3.1.2.- and IIJ3.1.2.-3 it can be stated, that, in all cases. the dominant pollutant is NOx. Comparing Figures Il/3.1.2.-I and 1113.1.2.-3, respectively II/3.1.2.-2 and II/3.1.2 .-4 it can be stated, that the emissions of the 2-stack version are the double of the single- stack version and the maximum values appear closer to the emission source. This phenomenon can be attributed to the height difference of the stacks. 76 Comparison of 30- minute NOx, S02 and CO Immisslons In case of the two- stacks version 25- Permissible values for protection category 1. NOx: 200 [ pg/m3 1; S02: 250 ( Pglm3 J; CO :1I0000 [Pg/M3 20 - n < ~~~S=7; v =3m/S -NOx R Stack height H -51 m E .2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 E E - 1+ t1 1,+ ;; j=M: o0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o, U) o ) o ) o o U) o) o) Lo to o) to to to o) to U) o) U) Uo (f) C' C) C') C' C' C') C' C' C') C C' C' V') CO) C) C') C' C' c) ) C . O O 0 )- N CO I U) CD I,-. CO Distance from the pollution source Fig. 11/3.1.2.-1. Distribution of 30 - minute NOx immisslons (values under the axis of the plume rise) relative to the distance calculated from the pollution source - in 25 - rggcn nf tWn tsrnkk t\_5 = iv -- , tlS 7 4 4 tivt~ Stack height H =51 m; Permissible value for Protection class 1: 200 tiglm3 20 0 0\ 0 0N '' 0 0 = - v = 0 0 0 0s E2lZ\\\S=0 v =4 tn/s s~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5 w=4m\;vlms S 5; 2 m ,o t , \ (5- ~ V) (W) (V~ o v- C t Distance from the pollution source, m Fig. 11/3.1.2.-2. Comparison of the 30 - minute NOXJ S02, and CO Immissions In case of a single stack version 14 Permissible values for protection category 1. NOx: 200 1 [pgm3 1; "N >S02: 250 1 [jgm3 1; CO: 10000 [ pgIm3 j 10 0' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0S=7; v =3m0s 0 00 0 8 -COj Eo i i0 tO U) to '0 10 10 ) ) _ ) U ) U U U U I O cJ C') O o 0 CO o '- o o 0)o 0 ' C~J Co o ooo Io- o0 0) Dlistance from the pollution source, m Fig. 1113.2.-3. Distribution of 30 - minute NOx immissions (Values under the axis of the plume rise) as a function of the distance calculated from the pollution source - In case of a single stack 7 -, m PermisibleStack height H = 51 m; 14 - Permissible values for Protection class I.: 200 pgIm3 7 4 ~S=63. v B nile |~~~~~~~~~ ;\ G. v =4 i-t = = 6,l \ v = 2 m -(;s 12- 1{\\"=rn' //>=,v4/ S=6. v=2m/s 12- R ll 7\ ~ /.IlS/S 5; v=6mIS \ E 10- A l l \ \ \ / ' / $~~~S=-5: u=4mls\ 0 8- .s 11 1 NA < s - 5~~~~S= v-2m/s E 15- t ) .2- 2-0 //Y - .... 0 00 0 0) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 /0 0 )10 10 1 0 0 10 to to to 0 to in La 10 to to 1 LO C' V) C' C') co) C' C' C' C') C) C') C' C' C' C' C' C' C' C' ' N C') to 0 C . co 0) 0) '-CJ ) 't 10 CD P- CD Distance from the pollution source, m Fig. 11/3.1.2.-4. ETV-EROTERV Rt. t ER d TER V)Power Engineering and Contractor Co. The actual height of the stack is the height of the level, where the axis of the smoke plume leaving the stack becomes horizontal, its value is the sum of the additional and the built heights of the stack. The additional stack height is the height of the smoke plume over the stack following discharging. The additional stack height depends on the thermal and kinetic energy of the flue gas, as well as on the meteorological conditions in the ascent domain of the smoke plume As a result of the interaction of the ambient air, the flue gas emitting from the stack shall gradually loose its energy. The time of this process depends (in addition to the parameters of the ambient air) on the mass and the temperature of the smoke plume (thermal energy) and on the speed of the emission (kinetic energy). In the case of the projected gas turbine power plant - two-stack version - the same volume of the flue gas shall be emitted by two stacks. and the two smoke plumes shall not mix up with each other. Thus the total energy of the specific parts shall only be the half of that of the single-stack version. Consequently, the additional height of the stacks shall be lower than that of the smoke plume of the single-stack version. In case of the projected power plant, the additional stack height originates mainly from the buoyancy resulting from the difference between the temperature of the ambient air and that of the emitting flue gas. The ascending effect originating from the kinetic energy of the flue gas is significantly smaller. Therefore. a possible rise of the emission speed shall not mean a significant rise of the additional stack heignt. at the same time, it shall have a negative influence on the efficiency of the power plant. 77 ETV-EROTERV Rt. Power Engineering and ER TER Contractor Co. Based on the analytical results of the 2-stack version of greater pollution, we can state the following (see Fig. II/3.1.2.-2): According to the propagation calculations, maximum concentrations appear within the most unfavorable meteorological concentrations (S = 7, v = 6 m/s - frequency is less than I%) at a distance of approx. 1300 m from the source. In case of NOx the concentration is 12% of the 30-minute limit values for the areas of protection category 1 (200 jggcu.m), i.e. 25 ;Lg/cu.m. Within the most frequent meteorological conditions (S = 6, v = 3 m/s - frequency: 13%) the maximum concentration appears at a distance of approx. 7 kIn from the source, its value is 7% of the limit value, i.e. 14 p.g/cu.m. Based on the above results it can be stated (see Table 11/3.13.-I) that the immissions o the power plant are below the pernissible concentrations (limit value reduced by the basic load), and thus the 51 m stack height is satisfactory from the point of view of immission. Determination of the stack height on the basis of the immission limit values The result received during the control of the 51 mn stack height (there is a significant difference between the actual immissions and the limit values) draws the attention to the fact, that the immissions do not justify the construction of 51 m high stacks. Trherefore, in the following, we shall examine the immissions in case of lower stack heights. During the investigation we search for the height at which the standard air quality values determined for the environment of the plant shall be met in all cases (i..e. we shall not permit even short-time excess. which can be tolerated according to the Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ 21854-1990). 78 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. t ER d TER V ) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. The calculation method is based on propagation models using the meteorological data base of the region, according to MSZ 21457/4-80, as well as according to Sheet 5-85 of MSZ 21459/1-81, calculating with various stack heights. Based on these calculations, the stack should have a height, at which the 30-minute maximum concentration shall never be over the limit value corrected according to the bzisic load (taking into consideration, that a part of the investigation area is of outstanding protection category). During calculations, in order to eliminate the impacts of mechanical turbulence generated by the facilities, we calculated with a stack height higher at least by 2.5- times than the buildings in the surrounding, i.e. we have taken 40 m as a starting data. as the minimum acceptable stack height. At this height, in case of the highest pollution. taking into consideration the 2-stack version and various meteorological conditions. the result of the calculation shall be, that there shall be no excess values in case of the stack height of 40 m (see Fig. II/3.1.2.-5). The explanation of the difference between the calculation of the stack height on the basis of the immission limit values and the calculation on the basis of the emission limit values can be, that the current Hungarian regulations for the protection of the air quality do not take into consideration the physical characteristics of the exhausted flue gas. In our case, the mass flow of the discharge flue gas is 2.5-3-times more than that of a traditional boiler firing the same quantity of fuel, and its temperatue is about 500°C (while the flue gases discharged by a traditional equipment are of a temperature of 100-200°C). Accordingly, we get a significant stack he -ht (according to the propagation calculation, in our case, in case of a 2-stack version, within normal operational conditions Ah = 185 m, while in case of the single stack version Ah = 259 m). which has the same impact from the point of view of the propagation of the airbome emissions. 79 ~mmSS~flSipg/rn31 3505 130 33 0 635 I8350 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (ER o TE Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Comparing the results of the calculations for the two different stack heights, within the most unfavorable meteorological conditions (S = 7, v = 6 mIs), it can be stated, that, at a stack height of 40 m, the jimnission value is higher by about 10% than at a stack height of 51 m, while it is significantly below the limit values (see Fig. I113.1.2.6). Il/3.1.3 Changes of the air quality in the impact area Operational impacts on air gualitY From the point of view of air quality, a circle of a radius of 5 kn around the stack is considered as the impact area of the power plant, since in this area, according to the presented propagation calculation, the maximum 30-minute NOX concentration remains below 10% of the air quality limit value in the areas of protection category 1. within all meteorological conditions. Over the 5 kan distance immission shall further reduce. Thus, on the basis of the upgraded calculations. the impact area of the power plant has becorne smaller than a circle of a radius of 10 km. which has been investigated by the Preliminary environmental impact study. The reason is the significantly lower achievable nitrogen-oxide emission. The values calculated with the transmission model are superposed to the existing pollution level of the area, i.e. to the background pollution. These summarized values should be compared with the prescribed air quality limit values. The expected changes of the air quality in the concerned settlements are shown in Table II/3.1.3-1. Based on the data of the table it can be stated, that Considering the periodical, short-time operation, and that the immission caused by the gas turbine, even if superposed to the basic load; shall remain below the air quality limit values in any of the settlements, the expected emissions of the power plant shall not result in a pemicious pollution load to the environment. 80 Comparison of the values of 30 - minute NOx immisslons of 40 and 51 m high stacks, In case of one single stack and two stacks 30 25 =H40 m - in case of two stacks 25 )1~~~_ = 51 rn- in case of two stacks 8 = 7; v ms*m v20 - E " / H = 40 m - In case of one single stack 0 15 - A .0' - , Permissible valuef or Protection class. NOx: 200gn [ I3I I E H 51 m - in ca-eof one single stack 5 0- o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0D 0D 0 CD 0D CD CD '- c VI, CD - CO Ir [O - CO V- CD V- CD V. CD _ N C N C C 4 t it 10 to WO WO co s C 0 O 0 Distance from the pollution source, m Fig. 11/3.1.2.-6. Table 1113.1.3.-1 - Expected air qualities of the settlements in the Investigated area Max. NO, Basic load + the Settlement Distance from the Basic NO, load, Immbslon of the Impact of the NO, limit value, power plant, 11igIna3j power plant** power plant** lgIm31 _ _.tml _ a/am _.-6 Saj6szdged 500-3000 16 25 (27) 41 (43) 200 Nagycs6cs 2000-3500 100* 22 (23) 122 (123) 200 Girincs 3000-4000 100* 19 (20) 119 (120) 200 Hej8bAba 3500-6000 19 17 (18) 36 (37) 200 SaJ68r6s 3500-5000 100* 17 (18) 117 (118) 200 Kiscs cs 4000-4500 100* 16 (17) 116 (117) 200 Szakhld 4000-5000 100* 16 (17) 116 (117) 200 Muhi 4500-5500 100* 15 (16) 115 (116) 200 K6r8m 4500-6000 1004 15 (16) 115 (116) 200 Tisza6jvAros 4500-9000 20 15 (16) 35 (36) 200 Nemesbikk*** 5500-7000 35 15 (16) 50 (51) 200 Hej8papi*** 6000-8000 27 14 (15) 41 (42) 200 Notes: * No measurements are performed in the settlements, the basic load values have been calculated on the basis of Table I as Attachment I to regulation No. 4/1986.(VI.2.)OKTH in parentheses: expected values in case of a stack height of 40 m * Nemesbikk and Haj6papi are out of the calculated impact area of the power plant. However, since we have imnmission messuring values for these settlements, they have been included in the table. 00 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (ER djTERV Power Engineering and Contractor Co. ImRacts of transRortations and vehicle traffic The majority of transportations shall be fuel and demi water transportation by road. The frequency is, on the average, 24-24 tank trucks of a capacity of 30 cu.m per year. The time schedule of transportations is irregular, it depends on the operation time of the gas turbine. The air pollution caused by transportation is insignificant with respect to the current load of the heavy traffic roads of the region. 11.3.2 Changes in the soil quality Soil quality may potentially be affected by the oil manipulations (transportation, racking. storage and feeding), as well as by the contact with wastes. The normal operation of the plant - thanks to the applied technical protective solutions - has no negative impact on the soil. During the racking and the storage of the oil the applied technical solutions (the oil resistant concrete tray under the racking equipment, the pipelines and the fittings; in case of the tanks the protective ring made of reinforced concrete) shall prevent the oil from spilling to the ground. In the area of the projected power plant traffic roads shall have a hard cover. and the pavements shall have a slope towards the catch basins. Liquid materials running down from the roads, and originating from the racking places and the technological system (rainwater, spilling, leakage, etc.) shall run to the oil separator, where these materials shall appropriately be treated and cleaned. The applied technology and the monitoring system shall immediately detect the leakages of the fuel and lubricating systems, and shall ensure the corrective measures without delay, thus minimizing the losses and the possibility of the environmental damages. 82 ETV-ER6TERV Rt (R TE V Power Engineering and Contractor Co. The negative impacts caused by the wastes can be avoided by the full respect of the relevant rules and regulations. Soot deposit in surface waters and in the soil, originating from the flue gases emitted from the stacks, is practically insignificant and thus negligible. 11/3.3 Changes in the quality of surface and subsurface waters In the area there is no surface water flow, water excavation or water discharge. The power plant shall be supplied with water through a branching from the drinking water pipeline of the sub-station. and thus there shall be no need to establish a separate water supply system. The communal water demand of the power plant is 0.1 cu.m/day, maximum I cu.m per month. The power plant shall be provided with a 450 cu.m fire water pool, which, according to the Hungarian standard specifications (MSZ 9779/4) has to be filled with water within 48 hours. This quantity requires a pipeline of 2.6 I/s capacity. These water demands shall be satisfied by a branching from the drinking water pipeline supplying the sub-station with water. Demi water, required for the additional water supply used for the cooling svstem and. if required, for the reduction of the NOx emission of the gas turbines, shall be transported by road, in tank-trucks. During the provisional stay of the operating staff in the power plant approx. I cu.m communal waste water may produce per month. It shall be collected in a closed waste water reservoir and then transported for disposal. 83 EIV-ER5TERV Rt. ( ER o TER V ) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. A drain system shall be built for the collection of rainwater. From places where rainwater can be contaminated with oil (for example the oil racking station) rainwater shall be discharged to an oil separator. Thus the oil concentration of rainwater shall not exceed 2 mg/l. The treated rainwater shall be infiltrated into the soil. I113.4 Impacts originating from handling and storage of raw materials and wastes Raw materials In the plant site we have to count only with the storage and handling of fuel oil and demi water as raw materials. The storage and handling of demi water has no impact on the enviromnent. Demi water shall be transported to the plant by road, in tank-trucks, and it shall be stored in two 300 cu.m capacity tanks. Fuel oil shall also be transported by road, in tank-trucks. Two 1000 cu.m capacity tanks shall be built for the storage of the fuel oil. In connection with the handling and the storage of the fuel oil, the soil shall be protected with technical solutions as described in Section II/3.2. Similarly, technical solutions (isolating cocks, gate valves. floating roof) shall ensure, that the hydrocarbon emission shall be insignificant. Communal wastes Communal wastes shall consist of the generating organic wastes and the packing materials of the auxiliary materials. Their volume shall be about 2 cu.m per year. They shall be collected together with the communal wastes of the sub-station. They shall be transported for disposal by the local company of public hygiene. 84 ETV-ER6TERV Rt (ER TER Power Engineenng and Contractor Co. Technological wastes The hazardous wastes generating during the operation of the power plant consist of various used oils, oily rags, oil absorbents, used storage batteries and filter elements. The characteristic hazardous wastes and their estimated average volume per year (based on the data of other power plants) are shown in Table II/3.4-1. Table E113.4.-4 - Estimated average amount per year of hazardous wastes Sort of hazardous waste Estimated average amount, kg/year used oil 350 oily rag 10 oil absorbent material 200 oily suldge from the oil traps 50 used storage batteries air filters of the gas turbines According to the relevant regulations (decree No. 56/198 1.(XI. 18.)MT and decree No. 27/1992(I.3O.)Korm modifying the above decree) the hazardous wastes shall be collected separately, according to sorts, and they shall temporarily be stored in a special hazardous waste storage place in the plant area. They shall be disposed by licensed companies specialized for this activity. The potentiai suppliers have been informed, that the use of asbestos-containing thermal insulation or sealing materials, the halone gases for fire extinguishing, and halogenated transformer oils are not permitted. 85 ET\V-EROTERV Rt. R TERV Power Engineering and Contractor Co. 11/3.5 Impacts of noise emission originating from the operation of the plant The immission limit values for work places are prescribed by the Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ 18151/2-83: - the equivalent sound pressure level A of the noise affecting the workers may not exceed LAeq= 85 dB; - the highest sound pressure level A of the noise may not exceed. in any case, LAI = 125 dB. The investigation of the noise emission of industrial plants and constructions and the determination of the noise emission limit values are included in the Hungarian Standard Specifications MSZ-13-111-85: The highest permissible noise emission limit value is LKH = 70 dB(A). This value should be measured on a vertical measuring surface exposed parallel with the border line of the plant, at a distance of "d" from the border line. Distance d = 1 0 m. The noise load caused by the new facility has been investigated at the dwelling houses located in the concerned area. At the dwelling houses to be protected the resultant of the noise, originating from the newly installed equipment, the existing sub-station and the ground noise, may not excced the currently permissible noise load limit values. This means, that, at two of the investigated dwelling houses (official quarters) 50 dB(A). while at three other houses (watchman's house, two dwelling houses at Babai street) 40 dB(A) noise load limit value should be met during the night (see Table 1i7n5.-I). The potential suppliers have been informed. that the sound pressure level measured on the emission surfaces exposed in a distance of I m from the container units to be installed. respectively from the buildings may not exceed 85 dB(A). We have made calculations in order to determine, whether the noise load limit value can be met at 85 dB(A) noise emission. 86 ETV-EROTERV Rt. ( ER d TER V)Power Engineering and Contractor Co. When making the calculations, the damping effect of the air, the earth effect, shielding (the dwelling houses to be protected have a free overlook to the new plant), the damping effect of the vegetation (the height and the density of the existing vegetation may not reduce the emitted noise), and the impact of the meteorological conditions have not been taken into consideration. The two gas turbines installed close to each other and the two stacks (taking into consideration, that primarily the top of the stack shall emit noise) can be considered point sources due to the distance of the dwelling houses to be protected. The distance from the dwelling houses is the multiple of the largest sizes of the new facilities. The distance-dependant damping has been calculated with the following fonnula: Lt = 20 Ig(rl/r2) where ri 500 m (distance of the official quarters from the projected power plant), resp. 900 m (distance of the watchman's house and the dwelling houses at Babai street from the projected plant) r) I m (distance of the emission surface from the equipment) As a result of the calculation, in the case of the official quarters located at a distance of 500 m from the new facility, the distance-dependant damping is 54 dB(A). while in the case of the dwelling houses at Bibai street this value shall be 59 dB(A). The sound pressure level at a distance of 2 m from the facade of the dwelling houses to be protected (taking into consideration a correction of -3 dB due to the echo, and 4 point sources) is 40 dB(A), respectively 35 dB(A).. This means, that the new facilities in themselves shall not exceed the noise load limit value, not even during the night. Calculating from the measuring data, in the night period the current effective sound pressure level A at the official quarters is 35 dB(A), while at the watchman's house and at the dwelling houses at Babai street it is 37 dB(A). The sound pressure level generated by the new facilities shall be superposed to this noise at the given exposure points. 87 ETV-ER65TERV Rt. ( ER dER Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Summarizing the two sound pressure levels at the exposure points, the resultant shall be 41.5 dB(A) at the official quarters, while it shall be 39 dB(A) at the dwelling houses at Babai street. Based on the summarized levels, at the dwelling houses there shall be no excess noise load during the night. In day time the noise load limit value is higher (60, resp. 50-4dB(A) ). The noise emission of the power plant shall be identical day and night, thus it seems to be clear, that there shall be no excess noise load during the day either. In summary, it can be stated, that the noise emission of the projected plant shall increase the noise load of the dwelling houses to be protected in the area with respect to the current values, but no excess noise load is expected neither in day time, nor during the night. Noise originatina from traffic For the supply of the consumed fuel - taking into consideration the storage capacity of the available tank park - we have count with the traffic of at least one single 40 cu.m capacity tank-truck. The equivalent noise level has been calculated on the basis of the traffic data. as follows: the calculated equivalent sound pressure level A at a distance of d = 7.5 m from the center line of the road shall be: LAeqm = 23.2 + 10 Ig Qm + 16.7 Ig vm dB(A) where: Qm = 0.125 dB - number of passing heavy truck per hour vm = 50 km/h - velocity of the truck in the residential area 88 ETV-EROTERV Rt. T RV Power Engineering and ( !) Contractor Co. 1 truck turn-round/day in the given route means the passing of 2 heavy trucks (1-1 in each direction). The reference time is 16 hours, i.e. on the average 0,125 heavy tmck shall pass in each hour. Calculating with the given fornula this means. that the transportation activity in itself shall produce 42.5 dB(A) equivalent sound pressure level A at a distance of 7.5 m from the center line of the road. Currently the average equivalent sound pressure level A on the fuel transportation road is 49 dB(A), and thus the resultant of the two sound pressure levels shall be 49.9 dB(A). Consequently, the transportation of the fuel supply may cause an increase of 0.9 dB(A) in the noise load, which is negligible, and even the increased noise load shall be far below the guiding value. I11.3.6 Ecological prognostics for habitats Since the ecosystems are very complex systems, the estimation of the impacts caused by the environmental changes is very difficult. The projected power plant may have an impact on the flora and fauna through airborne emissions. The impact of the power plant shall superpose on the impact of the air pollution originating from the neighboring industrial areas, and cannot be separated from it. In the present phase of the study what we can do is. that we assess the flora and the fauna of the impact area of the projected power plant, and thus, through the biomonitoring system, we can follow with attention the changes which shall take place in the future. Due to the extremely short operation times and the periodical operation, as well as due to the relatively small immissions the projected power plans shall expectedly have a small impact on the animal and plant communities, which can be compensated by their self-control system. 89 E1V-ER5TERV Rt. TER E Power Engineering and Contractor Co. I1/3.7 Impacts on human health and other human impacts The power plant shall have an impact on the population through the air pollution and the increase of the noise load. Taking into consideration periodical and short-time operation, as well as the fact, that the immissions caused by the gas turbine shall remain, in any of the settltmrients in the area, below the limit values of public health (as shown in Section 11/3. 1), even if they are superposed to the basic load, the expected air pollution shall not have a negative impact on the health of the population. The noise emission of the projected power plant shall slightly increase the noise load of the dwelling houses to be protected in the area with respect to the current values, but no excess noise load is expected neither in day time, nor during the night, as it was described in Section 1/3.5. I1.3.9 Social-economical impacts In JanuaTy and February 1996, in possession of the preliminary building permit of the Hungarian Energy Office, in cooperation with ESBI-ETV Engineering Co. Ltd.. MVM Rt. organized a public information in harmony with Govemment Decree No. 146/1992.(XI.4.). On April 22, 1996 a decision has been issued by the inter- departmental committee in connection with the informnation of the public, according to § 3 of the above said GoveTmnent Decree. The decision included the following: 1. On a preliminary basis, in its session of December 20, 1995 the Committee was of [he opinion, that the concept of the development of a secondary reserve power plant. within the framework of the development program of MVM Rt. - as a precondition of joining the Western-European power system - is in harnony with the objectives of the Hungarian energy policy and with the viewpoints of the protection of the environment. 90 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (ERd7 E Power Engineering and Contractor Co. 2. The Conmittee states, that during the preparatory phase of making a decision on the development the feasibility study and the preliminary environmental impact study have been prepared. The Hungarian Energy Office issued a preliminary building permit and, in January 1996 - based on the approved "program for the information of the public" - MVM Rt started the infornation of the great public. The technical public hearing took place in Saj6szoged, on February 23, 1996, where the concerned communities could make comments and proposals. 3. The Committee, in order to ensure the proper control of the program, invited - by way of competition - an Expert Organization, which performed the following tasks based on a contract: - they managed the reconciliation of the interests and supervised the procedure and the correctness of the program, - they cooperated with the PR-agency selected by the investor in the preparation and the carrying through of the public information, as well as in the organization and the procedure of the public sessions and public hearings. they followed with attention the public relation forumns and cvents taking place between the investor and the communities of the concemed region, they ensured an objective background for the reconciliation of the interests and they prepared the official report of the technical public hearing, they prepared a summary report for the Committee about the realization of the public infornation program and the reconciliation of the interests. in the framework of which - they evaluated the documents prepared during the preparation and the realization of the program, - they made comments on the activity of the PR agency with special regard to the contents of the "program for the inforrnation of the public". - they supervised the PR-documentation prepared during the specific work phases, - they made proposals supporting the decision-making of the Committee. 91 ETV-ERCTERV Rt. (ER d TER V) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Based on the opinions voiced during the public hearing of February 23, 1996 in Saj6szoged, on the data of the second follow-up public opinion poll, as well as on the contents of the sununary report of the Expert Organization, the Committee states, that the majority of the concerned population support the investment project. Based on the above, the Committee considers satisfactory the public information procedure connected with the building of the 100 MW capacity gas turbine secondary reserve power plant of MVM Rt. in Saj6sz6ged. The Committee - with regard to the great interest of the public - is of the opinion, that - the investor, during the licensing procedure, should keep on informing the concemed municipalities about the most important decisions associated with the , ojected power plant (for example the selection of the technology, the fuel material, the final plant site, etc.). - the investor should ensure the access for the municipality to the public documents in connection with the projected power plant, and for the public the possibility of inspection of these documents and the possibility to make comments. 4. At the same time, the Committee draw the attention of the investor. the concerned municipalities and the licensing authorities to the following: - in the tender invitation for the supply of the gas turbine the new limit values and requirements for the protection of air purity and air quality should be indicated. which are in harmony with the regulations of the protection against noise - in relation with the secondary reserve capacity. These new limii values and requirements shall enter into force within the framework- of the current law on environmental protection, 92 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. ( TER Power Engineering and Contractor Co. the concemed municipalities - in harmony with the comments made during the technical public hearing - with the involvement of the competent environmental regulatory agencies, should initiate, that the investor takes the responsibility of ensuring the availability of controllable infornation about the quantity (consumption) and quality (for example sulfur content) data of the energy carriers required for the operation of the secondary reserve capacity, collecting the oily waste waters generating in the plant in a closed container. and having an acceptance declaration by a licensed disposal plant, buiiding an appropriate monitoring system for controlling the environmental impacts (air, waters) during operation, the Hungarian Energy Office should prescribe in its license the obligation of posterior reporting about each starting in order to control the secondary character of the capacity. In the opinion of the Committee it would be purposeful, that the investor and the representatives of the concerned municipalities pursue a direct reconciliation about the requirements voiced by the local population at the technical public hearing of February 23, 1996, first of all in order to avoid the increase of the load to the environment. 93 ETV-EROTERV Rt. ( ER o TER V ) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Taking into consideration the statements of the summary report of the Expert Organization, and on the basis of the experiences of the technical public hearing of February 23, 1996, the Committee is of the opinion, that the public information process in connection with the projected 100 MW capacity gas turbine secondary reserve power plant of MVM Rt. in Saj6szoged was satisfactory, and considers the prescribed Commission activity as closed, with the condition, that the public should be kept informed about the details of the protection of the environment. With regard to the opinion of the Committee, the licensing procedure by the regulatory agencies and the preparation for the construction of the 100 MW capacity gas turbine secondary reserve power plant of MVM Rt. in Saj6szoged can be continued. 11/3.9 Impacts on the landscape The 2.4 ha -size plant site is located in the outskirts of Sajoszoged, to SW direction from the village, close to main road No. 35, in the vicinity of the existing OVIT sub- station. The area is accessible from the transformer transportation road. The plant shall be built on a former agricultural area, which is already excluded from agricultural cultivation. The landscape shall not significantly influenced by the sight of the power plant, since the neighboring sub-station already gives an industrial character to the area. With regard to the general appearance of the projected facility, it shall fit to the existing buildings of the sub-station. The gas turbines shall have an 51 (40) m stack(s). After the completion of the building works, the area shall be gassed and also trees shall be planted 94 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. R TER V Power Engineering and Contractor Co. 11/3.10 Other expected impacts due to average and operational troubles Due to the applied technological and technical solutions, as well as to the character of the plant, hazardous materials may enter into the environment only in case of average. Such hazardous materials can be the fuel and lubricating materials. as well as the fire extinguishing materials in case of fire, which can be qualified as case of average. Potential sources of danger are in connection partly with the transportation, movement. racking of storage of hazardous materials, respectively with the possible failure of cables, fittings, storage means and tanks. A case of average may occur as a result of - disaster (earthquake. thunderstroke) - fire - traffic accident - technological problem, operational trouble - aggressive human action (intentional damaging, terrorist action). In this section we describe only the possible impacts, the elimination shall be dealt with in Section 11/5.7. The greatest possible average is fire, during which both the fire and the extinguishing may result in environmental damages. 95 ETV-ERl5TERV Rt. (ER TERV Power Engineering and Contractor Co. During fire the combustion products (flue gases, smoke, soot, etc.) enter into the air. where gases shall mix according to the current weather and wind conditions, while heavier solid particles (soot) after a certain time shall deposit on the soil. The propagation of the pollution can hardly be determined, since it depends on the meteorological conditions, the dispersion processes, as well as on the natural and artificial settling effects (for example water spraying). A part of the water and the foam material (type: LW ATC FC 600) used for extinguishing - mixing with the burning material - shall inevitably spread on the soil. respectively enter into the soil, and, in such a case, it shall contaminate it. Average - endangering the cleanliness of the soil and the waters - may caused by operation troubles of the equipment, respectively by the hazardous materials leaking from injured storage tanks (fuel materials, lubricating materials). From this point of view, the most dangerous situation is, when an operation trouble occurs in the fuel supply system, since in such case of average oil may leak from the system. The operational troubles of the fuel supply system may also result in air pollution, due to the evaporation of the fuel material hydrocarbon emission may occur. The environmental impacts of the aggressive human actions cannot be estimated without knowing the motivations and the intentions. 96 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (ER TR V) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. IIA EXPECTED IMPACTS OF DECOMMISSIONING The projected life time of the power plant is 30 years. After the shut-down of the plant the equipment shall be disassembled and transported from the site. The dismounted machine equipment can be recycled (iron scrap). The underground concrete structures shall remain in place. No waste shall remain on the site. The expected impacts of decommissioning are similar to those of the construction period, but somewhat smaller. We have to count primarily with air pollution and noise caused by dismounting works and transportation. I114.1 Changes in subsurface and surface water quality The power plant - during its normal operation - shall not have any impact on the quality of subsurface and surface waters, therefore, likely, there shall be no change in the quality of waters after decommissioning. In case of a decommissioning performed by the contractor with the utmost care to be expected, no negative imnpact or contamination mav occur to the subsurface and surface waters of the area. II/4.2 Changes in the soil quality The power plant - during its normal operation - shall not have any impact on soil quality. therefore, likely, there shall be no change in the quality of soil after decommissioning. In case of a decommissioning performed by the contractor with the utmost care to be expected. no negative impact or contamination may occur to the soil in the area. 97 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (ER TER Power Engineering and Contractor Co. II1/43 Ecological changes Decommissioning and the cease of air pollution shall have a favorable influence on the flora and fauna of the region by all means. After decommissioning only the underground engineering structures shall remain in the site. the hollow underground structures (fire water tank, cable ducts) shall be filled. In case of a complete decommissioning, these structures shall not mean "traps" which may cause damage to the ecology of the region. I11/4A Landscape, land use After decommissioning the area shall be arranged and grassed. The landscape shall be restored according to the original status, however, the current use of land (ploughland) can possibly not be restored. 98 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (ER To JER V ) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. 11/5 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES II15.1 Protection of the air quality At the gas turbines, in case of oil firing, the characteristic air pollutants are: nitrogen- dioxides, sulfur-dioxide, carbon-monoxide and soot. Carbon-monoxide and soot emission at the gas turbines can be kept below the emission limit values without special environmental measures. At the gas turbines two technological solutions can be applied for meeting NOx emission limit values: gwater injection into the combustion chamber. This shall reduce the temperature at the places which can be considered critical from the point of view of nitrogen-dioxide generation. With this solution the amount of the generating nitrogen-dioxide can significantly be reduced. an appropriate bumer construction (so-called Dry-low-NOx burners), which keeps nitrogen-oxide generation on a low level. This solution is currently used at the gas turbines burning gaseous fuel, but experiments are underwav with oil fired burners, and such burners shall expectedly appear on the mark-el within one or two years. In the present study we have supposed the application of the water injection method . At the gas turbines the sulfur-dioxide emission limit values can be met by the proper selection of the fuel material. In the power plant investigated by the present study the sulfur contents of the fuel material is very low (max. 0.2%), and thus the emission limit values can be met. 99 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (ER TE Power Engineering and Contractor Co. II/5.2 Water protection The generating communal waste water shall be collected and treated in a closed waste water reservoir, and then transported for disposal. In the projected plant site - due to its position (in the area there is no water flow) - surface and subsurface waters could only be contaminated through the soil, and thus the following measures to be taken for the protection of the soil shall also serve for the protection of the waters. 11/5.3 Soil protection The technical solutions (oil-resistant tray at the oil racking station and under the pipelines and fittings, a reinforced concrete protective ring for the tanks) shall prevent the oil from spilling onto the soil. An oil trap shall be built for the collection of oily waters running down from the access road of the racking station, as well as for the collection of the oils spilling at the gas turbine units. Oily waters shall be cleaned in an oil separator. The oil concentration of the water discharging from the separator shall not exceed 2- mg/I. The separated oil shall be pumped into a container and then transported for disposal. Wastes shall be collected separately, according to sorts, and they shall temporarily be stored in a separate storage place in the plant. They shall be remediated by a licensed company specialized for this activity. 100 E1V-ERbTERV Rt. (ER TE Power Engineering and Contractor Co. IISA Noise protection In the projected power plant the noise protection shall be ensured by silencers, by special sound insulations and by the light-structure casing. 1115.5 Nature protection Nature protection shall be ensured by the optimal design of the plant, taking into full consideration the environmental requirements (selection of the fuel material, water injection) and by the way of construction. 11/5.6. Landscape protection With regard to the general appearance of the projected facility. it shall fit to the neighboing sub-station. After the completion of the construction of the plant the area shall be arranged and grassed, the newly planted trees shall intercept the sight of the plant. 11/5.7 Averages and the plan for their elimination In order to prevent the pernicious impacts of accidents which may occur during transportation and on the material movement routes, the traffic roads in the projected plant area shall have a hard cover, and the pavements slope towards the catch basin. Liquid materials running down from the road and from the racking station. as well as originating from the technological system (rainwater, spills. leakages, etc.) shall be col!ected in the oil separator, where they shall be treated and cleaned up to a appropriate measure. The leakages of the fuel material and lubricating materid systems shall immediately be explored by the monitoring system thus making possible to take the necessary measures without delay, and also to minimize losses and the possibility of causing 101 ETV-ERdTERV Rt. (ER d TER V ) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. environmental damages. The technical solutions (a concrete tray at the oil racking station and under the pipelines and the fittings, reinforced concrete protective ring for the tanks) shall prevent oil from spilling onto the ground in case of operational troubles. For the case of earthquakes and thunderstrike - taking into account their frequency and energy - the prescriptions for designing are included in the national standard specifications, the compliance of which shall be supervised by the regulatory authorities through the building permits and the license for use. The greatest possible case of average which may occur is a fire. The elimination of such averages and fire protection are prescribed in detail in the relevant official regulations. Planned fire protection is effective against fire averages. When extinguishing fire, the fire extinguishing material shall spread on the soil in a relatively sman.ll part of the area, thus the extension of the contamination can easily be delineated and the contamination can effectively be eliminated. In order to reduce these damages, after the fire the following steps should be taken as soon as possible: - collection and absorption of the spilled hazardous materials and contaminated water - assessment of the rate of contamination - clean-up or remediation of the contaminated soil. The protection against aggressive human actions shall be ensured by applying a fence around the site and by guarding. The action plan for the elimination of averages can be prepared on the basis of the technical prescriptions provided by the suppliers. The action plan shall be prepared in the knowledge of these technical prescriptions, after the selection of the supplier. 102 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. (ER TERV Power Engineenng and Contrator Co. I11/6 MAIN UNCERTAINTIES AND MISSING DATA 11/6.1 Designing conditions The main uncertainties of the designing conditions originate from the fact, that the type and the supplier of the equipment is not yet selected. The projected power plant shall be of 100-120 MW capacity. During the analysis of the environmental impacts the highest possible - 120 MW - capacity has been considered effective. Thus the associated air pollution and noise emissions can be considered as the highest estimated values, and the actual emissions shall expectedly be lower. 11.6.2 Building conditions The main uncertainties of the building also originate from the fact, that the type and the supplier has not yet been selected. Therefore, the volume of the construction/assembly works, the number and the type of the machines and the transportation vehicles, as well as the material quantities to be transported have only been estimated on the basis of earlier experiences. 11/63 Current environmental status and impacts 11/63.1 Air quality In connection with the air quality and the air pollution of the projected power plant there are several uncertainties. The first uncertainty is connected with the assessment of the current status. The air quality of the region of the projected power plant has been characterized on the basis of the data provided by the measuring instruments which we installed in the area, and thus these data refer only to the heating season. Further assessment of the current status is underway. 103 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. (ER TE Power Engineering and Contractor Co. We have already mentioned the second uncertainty: since the type of the equipment has not been selected, the emission of the equipment has been indicated on the basis of the data provided by the potential suppliers. Another uncertainty is the limited reliability of the propagation calculation model. According to experiences, the difference between the calculated values and the actual imrnissions can be max. 20%. II/6.3.2 Ecological data The collection and the processing of tfie ecological data is done on a continuous basis. The evaluation of these data can take place only after the completion of the assessment. 104 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. ER TERV Power Engineering and Contmactor Co. 1117. MONITORING SYSTEM III/7.1 Monitoring during construction No separate monitoring system shall be designed for the investigation of the impacts during the construction - due to the measure of the impacts. At the same time, during the construction/assembly works, the investor shall supervise the building company and the other contractors on a continuous basis, and shall follow with attention the respect of the environmental regulations. II/7.2 Monitoring during operation II/7.2.1 Air pollution and air quality The following characteristic data and components of the flue gas shall be measured in the stack during operation, on a continuous basis: - So2, - NOxR - solid particles (soot), -Co, - O? or C02, - temperature of the flue gas, - volume flow of the flue gas. The measuring data shall be processed by a computer proL,am registering and evaluating the data according to the relevant regulations. Due to the short operating times (20 hours per year, on the average) the building of a separate immission measuring system is not justified. 105 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (ER TER Power Engineering and Contractor Co. 11/7.2.2 Subsurface waters, soil quality Close to the site of the projected power plant - taking into consideration the groundwater flow direction - two monitc.ing wells shall be established. Sampling shall take place with a six-month frequency, the analysis shall extend to the TPH content of the groundwater. In order to check the operation of the oil trap, sampling and the analysis of the oil contents shall take place on a monthly basis. 106 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. (ER 6 TER V) Power Enginee, ng and Contractor Co. QUICK-START GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT OF SAJOSZOGED (Secondary reserve) DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY SUMMARY 107 ETV-EROTERV Rt. ( ER o TER V ) Power Engineerng and Contractor Co. In the course of the present work we performed the detailed environmental impact assessment of the projected power plant and we compiled a Detailed Enviromnental Impact Study, the main topics of which are summarized in the following, in harmony with § 13 of Government Decree No. 152/1995(XII.12.): 11/8.1 Introduction One of the outstanding objectives of the Hungarian energy policy approved by the National Assembly is the diversification of the energy sources, and - in view of wire energy - the extension of the connections. Therefore, in 1991, the Goverrnment made a decision, that the Hungarian energy system joins UCPTE, the association of the Westem-European electric energy systems, which are on a higher technical level and which may guarantee a more safe electric energy supply for Hungary. One of the basic conditions of joining UCPTE is, that the Hungarian electric energy system should have a quick-action, so-called secondary control reserve capacities of a size deternined by UCPTE recommendations. These reserve capacities should be equivalent at least to the greatest capacity of the electric energy production unit of the system. In the Hungarian electric energy system the greatest capacitv production units are the 460 MW blocs of the Nuclear Power Plant of Paks, thus the secondary control reserve capacity should be of 460 MW. In the recent years. the Hungarian Power Companies Ltd. (MVM Rt.) has performed comprehensive investigations for analyzing the most purposeful possibilities of ensuring the required reserve capacity. Based on the analysis, MVM has come to the conclusion, that 200 MW of the required reserve capacity should be ensured by establishing quick-start gas turbine power plants. 108 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (ER TE Power Engineering and Contractor Co. I1l8.2 Description of the facility 1118.2.1 Installadon Starting from the role of the secondary control-purpose power plants played in the electric energy system, MVM Rt. has come to the conclusion, that it would be purposeful to lo¢ate such power plants at the more important junction points of the electric energy system, close to the large sub-stations of the network. The 2.4 ha size location of the projected power plant is in the outskirts of Sajosz6ged. in SW direction from the settlement, close to main road No. 35, in the vicinity of the existing OVIT sub-station (see site plan No. 1/23.-1). In the plant the following equipment and systems shall be installed (see installation plan No. 112.3.-2): - gas turbine and auxiliary equipment - generator and auxiliary equipment - electric equipment of the power plant - electric technology of the substation - control system - environmental monitoring system - fuel supply system - water supply systems - fire protection systems. 109 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. (ER TE Power Engineering and Contractor Co. IU82.2 Description of the operation of the projected gas turbine power plant It is a basic requirement, that the projected power plant units reach maximum capacity within 10 minutes after starting by the National Electric Load Distributor (OVIT). It is owing primarily to the aeroderivative gas turbines - transformed from airplane gear drives for industrial purposes - that the requirement of quick starting can be met. Based on statistical data, the expected number of starting shall be minimum 5, maximum 60. After starting a 2-hour operation time is expected. During this period of time the defected unit can again be put into operation, or a reserve unit can be started. The most probable number of working hours per year shall be: 10 x 2, i.e. 20 hourstyear. The projected power plant shall operate without permanent operating staff. The decisive technological element of the power plant is the gas turbine, which has three main parts: the compressor, the combustion chamber and the turbine. The compressor compresses the suction air to the required pressure for combustion. The fuel is bumt by special burners. The turbine is rotated by the expansion of the high pressure and high temperature flue gas discharging from the combustion chamber; Electric energy is generated by a generator connected to the turbine. The generating flue gas is emitted to the open air through a stack. The gas turbine is mounted with a silencer both at the suction side and at the stack. The operation scheme and the axonometric view of the gas turbine is shown in Fig. Il/1.-4. while the view and the axonometric picture of the container unit are shown in Fig. II/L.-2. 110 ETV-EROTERV Rt. ( ER d TER V ) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. During combustion at a high temperature a part of the suction air and the nitrogen- containing compounds of the fuel form nitrogen oxides. Their amount depends on the temperature of the flame and on the time of residence of the gases in the combustion chamber. The rate of nitrogen oxide generation can be kept on a low level by the proper formation of the combustion chamber, respectively by water injection. The fuel also contains some sulfur, in a very small quantity (max. 0.2%). During combustion this forns sulfur dioxide. The carbon monoxide and soot emission of the newest types of turbines is minimal. In the present phase of planning neither the number of the required gas turbines has not been determined, nor the type has not been selected. Based on the received informal proposals we have selected one from among the possible types for demonstrating the environmental impacts of the projected power plant, which has the most unfavorable characteristics from environmental point of view. The power plant shall have 100-120 MW capacity generated by one or two gas turbines. During the investigation of the environmental impacts the highest possible capacity - 120 MW - shall be considered as a reference. The characteristics of the power plant associated with this capacity (based on the received informal proposals and the preliminary discussions with the potential suppliers) are the following: Capacity: 120 MW Efficiency: 40% Quantity: I or 2 Operation: Number of startings/year - average 10 - maximum 60 - minimum 5 Expected operation time of one single starting 2 hours 111 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (ER TERV ) Power Engineenng and Contractor Co. Sulfur content of the projected fuel: max. 0.2% Heating value of the fuel: min. 41 000 kJ/kg Fuel consumption: 7.3 kg/s Emitted flue gas: 365 kg/s, which is equivalent to 285 cu.mJs flue gas of nonnal condition (273 K, 101.3 kPa) Temperature of the emitting flue gas: 480°C Concentrations of pollutants in the emitted flue gas: * nitrogen xides max. 145 mg/cu.m (70 ppm) * sulfur-dioxide max. 104 mg/cu.m * carbon-monoxide max. 20 mg/cu.m o soot <4 (blackening number according to the Bacharach scale) Emission of pollutants: * nitrogen oxides max. 149 kg/h * sulfur-dioxide max. 107 kg/h 3 carbon-monoxide max. 20.5 kg/h Height of the stack 51 m (40 m) Noise emission of the equipment: max. 85 dB(A) sound pressure level on the emission surfaces exposed at a distance of I m from the container units. resp. from the buildings 112 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. (5 TE Power Engineering and Contractor Co. 11/8.3 Expected environmental changes and their evaluation 11183.1 Investigation of the environmental impacts and the impact areas The areas to be investigated for the current environmental status and for the impacts of the operation of the projected power plant have been selected and presented separately, according to the environmental elements and the investmnent phases (see Table 1/6.-i and Fig. I/6.-6). l/83.2 Current status of the environment In summary, based on the available data and the performed noise measurements, the current envirommental status of the projected power plant can be characterized as follows: Air quality According to the investigations perforned during the preparation of the present study it cam be stated, that, in Saj6szoged, Hejobaba, Nemesbikkl and Hejopapi the concentrations of nitrogen-oxides have never exceeded the air qualitv limit values in the measuring period, the air of the settlernents has been qualified satisfactory (mark 1). At the measuring points of the National Immission Measuring Network. in Tiszauijvaros, in the measuring period, excess values occurred both in nitrogen-oxide concentrations (frequency: 1.39 %) and in sulfur-dioxide concentrations (frequency: 0.82%). The town has got an air quality mark 2 (moderately polluted). 113 ETV-ER5TERV Rt. (ER V Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Soil and subsurface waters In the area of the projected power plant soil and groundwater investigations have been performed in order to survey the current status and to asses the possible existing contamination. Based on the measuring results it can be stated, that, with respect the general chemical parameter of the groundwater, only the manganese concentration exceeds the permissible limit value for drinking water, which is characteristic to the subsurface waters of the region. The majority of heavy metals is not detectable in the groundwater samples, only some of them appear in traces, but their concentration never exceeds the permissible value specified in the relevant standard specifications. and thus the groundwater can be considered clean. At the same time, with respect to oil derivatives. the groundwater proved to be contaminated in two of the three borings. We have performed separate TPH tests of the soil samples taken from the three borings, from various depths. From the measuring results it can be stated. that the soil can be considered clean from the point of view of aliphatic hydrocarbon (TPH) contamination, mineral oil derivatives can only be found in traces. Surface waters In the vicinity of the projected power plant there are no surface waters, however, the area belongs to the region endangered by the floods of the Saj6 and Tisza rivers. The highest water consumption is in TiszaijvAros, shore-filtered drinking water is produced in 12 water works. In this area the water resources are endangered by surface contamination. With regard to the future water use, the area of the Tisza-Saj6 junction has a regional importance (shore filtering, groundwater). 114 ETV-EROTERV Rt. ( ER d TER V ) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. The water of quality class V. of the Saj6 river (which is contaminated with the waste waters of Miskolc and the industrial plants located in the upper section of the river. and due to the industrial contamination originating from Slovakia) has an unfavorable impact on the water quality of the Tisza along this river section. Noise According to the measuring results performed in March 1996 in order to asses the current noise conditions, the noise emitted by the sub-station is below the permitted noise emission limit values both in day time and during the night. At the dwelling houses, in day time, due to the noise load caused by road traffic, the ground noise is higher than the noise load caused by the sub-station, but it does not exceed the limit value. During the night the ground noise of the enviromnent is lower than in day time. At the dwelling houses to be protected the noise load was also below the limit value (below the lower night noise limit value). Flora and flauna No earlier assessments are available on the flora and fauna of the environment of the projected power plant. Within the framework of the present environmental impact study the preparation of a vegetation map of the habitats of the area (spring-early summer period) and a zoological characterization are underway. For the time being only a general characterization can be given on the habitats in the environment of the area. The lower flood plain of the Saj6 river is bordered by the remnants of the once contiguous soft-wood woodlands. At the higher areas there are also oak-ash gallery- forests in patches. The forests mainly consist of young and mixed-age soft- and hard- wood species. In the area there are large patches of disturbed grasses and pastures. 115 ETV-ER5TERV Rt. (ERdTER V) Power Engineenng and ER TE V Contractor Co. The traverses and the residual gallery forests along the Saj6 river are potential nesting places of birds of prey. The mapping of the nests and the breeding species is underway together with other species which have a value from the point of view of nature protection. We are also searching for the habitats in the environment of the area which have a natural value. Il/833 Impact of the construction on the environment The building materials and the technological equipment shall be transported to the site by road. The construction period - approx. 8-10 months - shall be characterized by an intensive transportation activity, therefore we have to count with the increase of road traffic. Transportation of buildine materials: in average 100 t1day (i.e. 4-5 trucks/day, during earthworks and concrete works 6-8 trucks/day). During the construction period approx. 600-700 cu.m concrete resp. approx. 60 t steel shall arrive to the site. Concrete shall be transported in mixer trucks. Technology: main equipment (turbines, generators, transformners - machine parts, stack parts, tanks) shall be transported pre-assembled, by special trailers. Auxiliary equipment and machine parts shall be transported by normal trucks with an average frequency of 2-3 trucks/day during the 2-3 month period of assembly. The impacts of the construction works shall be manifest only in the plant site. Since the plant site shall already be excluded from agricultural cultivation by the time of the construction works, so-called "green damages" (treading underfoot) during construction may not be expected. The excavated topsoil shall be stockpiled separately and shall be backfilled after the construction, and care shall be taken, that a humic layer shall be at the top, where it is needed. 116 ETV-ERI5TERV Rt. ( TER Power Engineering and Contractor Co. During the construction and assembly works mobile toilets and bathroom containers shall be installed on the site based on an agreement with the building company. The collection and the disposal of the generating waste water shall be the responsibility of the building company. The communal waste and the debris which is not qualified as hazardous waste (for example offal, packing materials, etc.) shall be collected and disposed by the contractor performing the building and assembly works. According to the relevant regulations, possible hazardous wastes (as for example paint wastes, oily rags, etc.) in all cases shall be collected, stored on a temporary basis and disposed by the contractor. During the construction/assembly we have to count mainly with air pollution and noise caused by the construction and assembly works and the transportation activity. Air qualitv During the construction works we have to count with a temporary dust load of the environment due to the removal of the vegetation, the foundation work and other earthworks. The air pollution by the exhaust smoke of the machines shall not be significant due to the distance of the construction site from the residential area (the closest dwelling house is at a distance of 500 m). The pollution of the access roads of the site means a secondary pollution (the vehicles passing through the area shall disturb the clay-mud-sand mixture on the road from time to time), but this shall affect only the immediate vicinity of the roads, the pollution shall decrease parallel with the distance from the construction site. The air pollution by the exhaust smoke of the increased road traffic shall not be significant compared with the current pollution load of the heavy traffic roads in the area. Thus the traffic associated with the construction shall not have a significant impact on the air quality of the area. 117 ETV-ER5TERV Rt. ( ER d TER V ) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. ImRacts on soil quality, surface waters and subsurface waters Possible soil and water contamination shall be prevented by full compliance with the water protection and waste management regulations. Noise load of the environment during the construction of the Rroiected Rower plant During construction the following activities (increasing the noise load) shall be carried out: transportation of materials and equipment necessary for the construction. noise of the construction and the assembly, transpe,rtation of the wastes and debjis generating during construction. The cjnsi.uct;on works shall be performed in day time, in the open air. Considering the dista-pie of the dwelling houses to be protected from the site of construction (the closest dwelling houses to be protected are at a distance of about 500 m from the site). excess noise load is not expected at the dwelling houses due to the construction works. Impact of the construction on the flora and the fauna *The projected site is currently under agricultural cultivation. thus no values can be found in the area from the point of view of the flora and fauna. The construction and assembly works shall not disturb natural habitats. 118 ETV-EROTERV Rt. R TER V Power Engineering and Contractor Co. II/83.4 The operation and its impacts on the environment The gas turbine power plant is one of the technologies of electric energy production processes which causes the least environmental pollution. During its operation mainly airborne emissions and noise mean a pollution load to the environment. Air quality Expected emissions of the power plant polluting the air In Table IU/3.1.1-1 we compared the expected airborne emissions of the power plant with the permissible emission limit values according to regulation 4/1986.(VI.2.)OKTH, respectively with the expected technological emission limit values, known as projected values. By comparing the expected highest airborne emissions with the limit values we have stated, that the emissions are below the permissible values. Changes in the air quality caused by the power plant From residential point of view the air quality (immission) during operation is more important than the emissions of the plant., since air quality has an impact both on humans and the flora and fauna. In addition to the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the emitted flue gas, air quality depends on numerous further factors. such as: the height of the stack, the meteorological zonditions (wind velocity and its changes by height, wind direction, changes of the air temperature by height. etc). the topography and the articulation of the soil surface (plants, buildings). The correlation between the emissions and the air quality can be determined by propagation calculation. 119 ETV-EROTERV Rt. Power Engineering and Contractor Co. We have made propagation calculations according to the standard specifications for the enviromnent of the power plant, in order to determine the data required for thie estimation of the expected changes in air quality. The propagation of air pollutants is decisively influenced by the stability of the atmosphere (mixing capability - S) and win velocity. Therefore, we performned the propagation calculation for the lability category (S=7) causing the highest concentration close to -the soil, and for the most characteristic, normal stability category (S=6). In Hungary, the most unfavorable air condition (S=7) occurs with a frequency of 6.5%, while the most characteristic air condition (S=6) occurs with a frequency of 39.8%. The results of the investigation are shown in Figs. 1113.1.2-I, -2, -3, and 4. In the figures it is well shown, how much general increase is caused by the power plant in the concentrations of pollutants at various distances from the stack. The calculated values shall be added to the existing pollution level - basic load - of the area. These aggregated values should be compared with the permissible limit values of air quality. The expected changes in the air quality of the settlements of the impact area are shown in Table I1/3.123.-1. Based on the data of the table it can be stated. that. consideiing the periodical, short-time operation, and that the immission caused by the gas turbine, even if superposed to the basic load, shall remain below the air qualitv limit values in any of the settlements, the expected emissions of the power plant shall not result in a pemicious pollution load to the environment. Soil quality, quality of surface and subsurface waters Soil quality may potentially be affected by the oil manipulations (transportation. racking, storage and feeding), as well as by the contact with wastes. The nonnal operation of the plant - thanks to the applied technical protective solutions - shall have no negative impact on the soil. 120 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. (E R d TER V ) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Thanks to the geological conditions of the area, we need not to count with the contamination of the subsurface waters, however, the technical solutions serving for the protection of the soil shall also serve for the protection of the subsurface waters. In the plant area there are no surface water flow, water extraction or water discharge. The communal a.d fire water demand of the plant shall be satisfied by a branching from the drinking water pipeline supplying the sub-station with water. Demi water. required for the additional water supply used for the cooling system and, if required. for the reduction of the NOx emission of the gas turbines, shall be transported by road, in tank-trucks. During the provisional stay of the operating staff in the power plant approx. I cu.m communal waste water may produce per month. It shall be collected in a closed waste water reservoir and then transported for disposal. Communal wastes shall consist of the generating organic wastes and the packing materials of the auxilAary materials. Their volume shall be about 2 cu.m per year. They shall be collected together with the communal wastes of the sub-station. They shall be transported for disposal by the local company of public hygiene. The hazardous wastes generating during the operation of the power plant consist of various used oils, oily rags, oil absorbents, used storage batteries and filter elements. Hazardous wastes shall be collected separately, according to sorts, and they shall temporarily be stored in a special hazardous waste storage place in the plant area. They shall be disposed by licensed companies specialized for this activity. 121 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. ( ER 05 TER V ) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Impacts of the noise emission during the operation of the power plant The potential suppliers have been informed, that the sound pressure level measured at a distance of I m from the container units to be installed, respectively from the buildings may not exceed 85 dB(A). By this noise emission value we have determined the noise load caused by the projected power plant. According to calculations, the noise emission of the power plant shall increase the noise load of the dwelling houses to be protected with respect to the current noise load, but it shall not cause excess values neither in day-time nor during the night. Impacts on human health in the environment The environmental impacts of the projected power plant - taking into consideration tne basic loads, too - shall remain below the limit values with respect to human health in any of the settlements of the impact area. thus the operation of the projected power plant shall not have a pernicious impact on the health of the residents. Social-economical impacts The development concept of the power plant is in harnony with the objectives of the Hungarian energy policy. In January 1996 - based on the approved "Public information program" - the investors started the information of the great public. Based on the opinions voiced during the public hearing of February 23, 1996 in Sajoszoged. and the data of the second follow- up public opinion poll it can be stated, that the majority of the concemed population supports the investment project. 122 ETV-EROTERV Rt. ( TER Power Engineering and Contractor Co. With regard to the great interest of the public, the investor, during the licensing procedure, shall keep informed the concerned municipalities about the most important decisions associated with the projected power plant (for example the selection of the technology, the fuel material, the final plant site, etc.) and shall ensure an access for the municipality to the public documents in connection with the projected power plant and for the public the possibility of inspection nd making comments. Ecological impacts Since the ecosystems are very complex systems, the estimation of the impacts caused by the environmental changes is very difficult. The projected power plant may have an impact on the flora and fauna through airborne emissions. The impact of the power plant shall superpose on the impact of the air pollution originating from the neighboring industrial areas, and cannot be separated from it. Irnpacts on the landscape The landscape shall not significantly be influenced by the sight of the power plant. since the neighboring sub-station already gives an industrial character to the area. With regard to the general appearance of the projected facility, it shall fit to the existing buildings of the sub-station. The gas turbines shall have an 51 (40) m stack(s). After the completion of the building works, the area shall be grassed. 11/8.3.5 Expected impacts of decommissioning The projected life time of the power plant is 30 years. After the shut-down of the plant the equipment shall be disassembled and transported from the site. The dismounted machine equipment can be recycled (iron scrap). The underground concrete structures shall remain in place. No waste shall remain on the site. 123 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. (ER Power Engineering and Contractor Co. After deconmiissioning the area shall be arranged and grassed. The landscape shall be restored according to the original status, however, the current use of land (ploughland) can possibly not be restored. The expected impacts of decommissioning are similar to those of the construction period, but somewhat smaller. We have to count primarily with air pollution and noise caused by dismounting works and transportation. During decommissioning no negative impact or contamination may occur to the waters and the soil of the area. Decommissioning and the cease of air pollution shall have a favorable influence on the flora and fauna of the region by all means. After decommissioning only the underground engineering structures shall remain in the site. In case of a complete decommissioning these structures shall not mean "traps" which may cause damage to the ecology of the region. 124 ETV-EROTERV Rt. (ER d TER V ) Power Engineering and Contractor Co. II/8A Environmental measures Protection of air quality In order to reduce the emission of nitrogen-oxides, water shall be injected into the combustion chamber of the gas turbine, which shall reduce the temperature at the critical points from the point of view of NOx generation. This solution may significantly reduce the volume of the generating nitrogen-oxides. The limit values of sulfur-dioxide emission can be met by the proper selection of the fuel material. Soil and water protection The generating communal waste water shall be collected and treated in a closed waste water reservoir, and then transported for disposal. The technical solutions (oil-resistant tray at the oil racking station and under the pipelines and fittings, a reinforced concrete protective ring for the tanks) shall prevent thc oil from spilling onto the soil. An oil trap shall be built for the collection of oily waters running down from the access road of the racking station, as well as for the collection of the oils spilling at the gas turbine units. Oily waters shall be cleaned in an oil separator. The oil concentration of the water discharging from the separator shall not exceed 2 mg/l. The separated oil shall be pumped into a container and then transported for disposal. 125 ETV-EROTERV Rt. ER EV Power Engineering and Contractor Co. The applied technology and the monitoring system shall immediately detect the leakages of the fuel and lubricating systems, and shall ensure the corrective measures without delay, thus minimizing the losses and the possibility of the environmental damages. Wastes shall be collected separately, according to sorts, and they shall temporarily be stored in a separate storage place in the plant. They shall be remediated by a licensed company specialized for this activity. Noise protection In the projected power plant the noise protection shall be ensured by silencers, by special sound insulations and by the light-structure casing. 126 ETV-ER6TERV Rt. ER TER ~~~~~~~~~~Power Engineering and Contractor Co. Studies prepared and used during the environmental assessment, literature 1. 1ETV-EROTERV Rt.: Secondary reserve gas turbines. Detailed feasibility study - Saj6szoged, Budapest, 1995. 2. ETV-ERO5TERV Rt.: UCPTE secondary gas turbines, Preliminary Environmental Impact Study - Saj6szoged plant, Budapest, 1995. 3. VITUKI-Innosystem Kft.: Quick-start gas turbine power plant of Saj6szoged. Detailed envirommental impact study - Work parts associated with surface and subsurface waters. Budapest, 1996. 4. National Meteorological Service - Commercial Servicing Office: Meteorological data in the area of Saj6szoged. 1995. 5. Foundation "Ecological Institute for the Maintainable Development": Intermediate report - Detailed environmental impact study on the Saj6szoged power plant, Miskolc. 1996. 6. Institute of Borsod-Abauij-Zemplen County of ANTSZ: Intermediate report on the work performed on the basis of Contract No. 30-5/1966. Miskolc. 1996 7. Consult-R Bt.: UCPTE secondary gas turbines. Saj6szoged plant. Detailed environmental impact study, work parts associated with noise. Budapest. 1996. 8. Gabor Bede - Ivan Gacs: Propagation of pollutants in the atmosphere, BME Engineers' Further Training Institute, Budapest. 1980. 9. Dr. Ivan Gacs - Istvan Bodnar: Modeling of the propagation of air pollutants, Eroterv Information Bulletin, No. 32, Budapest. 1994. The above studies and literature can be inspected at the following address: ETV-EROjTERV Rt. - Environmental Office Budapest, Angyal u. 1-3. Istvan T6th, office head (Tel.: 215-5722) 127 ETV-ER&TERV Rt. TE Power Engineering and Contractor Co. ATTACHMENT Measuring data of the gas turbine block of the Kelenrold Power Plant which was pUt into operation in 1995 (measurements performed under guarantee) 128