I I ~~~~~~~~~EASUR l JUL 3 0 1997 Loan from the world Bank RECE E Guangxi Environmental Protection Project Statement on Environmental Impact Assessment of The Rong-Sha Lakes Treatment Project in Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Compiler: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Certificate Grade: A Certificate Number: NEPA Ap 0901 Compiling Time: July, 1997 I a - tt~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ rO * * tt r *Ot *O494S 4re -O~9 t44 Fmf *F re * wX 4 9 atrb~~~~~~~~ w- *Zw 0j~~~~ * ~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '-~~~L _____ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ ___URI__ - - 'I-.sJ*:,:~r:.:~ S82I. .~ .444CO949~O a*O444 *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 I I X Statement on Environmental Impact Assessment of The Rong-Sha Lakes Treatment Project in Guilin City Compiler of the assessment: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences President: Chen Fu (professor) Advisor of the item: Jin Xiangcan (director, professor) Cao Hongfa (director, professor) Persons in charge of the item: Xu Nanni Main Participants and their qualification: Name Subject Division Qualification Specialty Jin Xiangcan Engineering analysis Professor Water environment Cao Hongfa eco-envirownental impact assessment Professor Environmental ecology Xu Nanni Analysis and impact on the environmental Senior professor Water environmental impact during construction Shu Jianmin Recognition and screening of Senior professor Environmental Chemistry environmental affecting factor Wang Zhingkuei Atmostic environmental impact assessment Senior engineer Atmostic environment Fu Guo Surface water environmental impact Senior engineer Environmental hydraulics assessment Lu Weili Environmental monitoring Senior engineer Environmental monitoring Xu Dongchu Investigation and assessment os existing Senior engineer Environmental monitoring environmental quality Jin Danyue Alternative plants and environmental benefit engineer Environmental economic analysis Liu Lianggui Environmental measures during construction Engineer Environmental engineer Chen Zhenchen Enviroranental noise impact assessment Senior engineer Environmental management Zhang Lingpo Public participation and removal work Senior engineer Envitonmental management Tang Rueiling Lake' water environmental quality impact Senior engineer Environmental engineering Monitoring participation: Lv Weili Liu Xingyao Zhang Peiyan Bi Mingmain Zhou Li He Xiaoqin Wang Xiaojie Xu Fudi Zeng Guangying Li Wei Zhang Chaochong Lv Chunli Mu Ling Qin Huangrong Huang Xinwei Li Chunhui Liu Shijuan Jiang Hongbin Yao Yikai Hu Pinghui Li Ruobi Li Youling Muo Ying Huang Jian Yang Ziluo Zhou Qucheng Li Yongbei Ning Guilin Zhao Yongsheng Huang Yidong Tang Shiyou Liu Sanchang Chen Jing Geng Zhangdi Liu Guizhen Jiang Yongdong IlI I i I 1 Contents 1. Preface I . I Purpose of this assessment I 1.2. Basis for the compiling of EIA 2 1.3. Scope, standard, and schedule of the assessment and targets of enviromnental protection 3 1.4. Content and key points of the assessment 4 1.5 Main techniques and measures adopted in the assessment 4 1.6 Institution and personnel of the compiling of the assessment 6 2. General Situation of the Project to Use the Loan 8 2.1 Basic situation of the project 8 2.2 Technological Process 10 2.3 Major pollution sources and the discharge of pollutants 10 2A Arrangement of the construction 11 2.5 Major environmental protection measures I 1 2.6 Financial estimates of the project 12 3. General Situation of the Environment of the Area Where the project Is to Be Constructed 14 3.1 General environmental situation of the area of the proposed project 14 3.2 General ecoenvironmental situation 18 3.3 Social economic situations 19 3.4 General life quality 21 3.5 Surface water environmental quality 21 3.6 Environmental quality of ground water (1991-94) 29 3.7 Solid waste matters 30 3.8 Atmospheric environmental quality 30 3.9 Acoustic environmnental quality 31 3.10 Monitoring over existing environmnent of the area involved in the project 32 4. Predicted Environmental Impact and Controlling Measures 40 4.1 Recognition and screening of environmental affecting factors to be assessed 40 4.2 Analysis of enviromnental impact 40 4.3 Prediction on the project's environmental effect during its construction 42 4.4 Analysis of the environmental impact of building removal and inhabitants resettlement 52 4.5 Prediction on the environmental impact during the operation of the project 52 4.6 Risk analysis 56 4.7 Measures and countermeasures to eliminate or relieve negative impact 57 5. Alternate plans 59 5.1 Main altemate plans of the Rong-Sha lakes 59 5.2 Comparison between alternate plans for the Rong-Sha lakes treating project 59 5.3 Comparative analysis of the cost of the alternate plan 60 5.4 The analysis of the alternate plan 61 6. Analysis on the Benefit of the Ronghu Lake and Shahu Lake Treating Project 63 6.1 Analysis on its social benefit 63 6.2 Financial analysis of the project 63 6.3 Analysis on environmental benefit of the project 64 7. Plan for Environmental Administration and Environmental Monitoring 66 7.1 Setting up of environmental protection management system 66 7.2 Measures for environmental management 67 7.3 Environmental monitoring plan 68 8. Public Participation 70 8.1 Aim and purpose 70 8.2 Methods of investigation 70 8.3 Scope of investigation 70 8.4 Subject of investigation 7 1 8.5 Method of investigation 71 8.6 Analysis on the results of investigation 71 9. conclusion and proposal 73 9.1 Existing environmental quality 73 9.2 The factor of project's environmental impact 75 9.3 Assessment on environmental impact during its construction 75 9.4 Assessment on environmental impact during its operation 75 9.5 The environmental impact of building removal and inhabitants resettlement 77 9.6 Benefit of the Rong-Sha Lakes treating project 77 9.7 Public participation 77 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The City of Guilin is located in the northeast of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, at 1 1013'--l 10°40'E and 24°39'--25°22'N, 336 km from Nanning, capital of the autonomous region. It has a total area of 565km2, of which urban area accounts for 54krn2 and suburbs 51 Im2. Under its jurisdiction are also two counties: Yangshuo County and Lingui County, whose areas are respectively 1,428km2 and 2,202km2. In January of 1979 the State Council has designated Guilin City as a national key scenic tourist city, and in February of 1982 the city was declared as a national historical cultural city. Its unique limestone landscape, peak forests as well as solitude peaks, karst topography and caves form "number one beautiful scene in the world'. The Lijiang River meanders through the mountains from the north to the south. "The reflection of the peaks on the water seems to be floating while all the mountains and the water form a fairly land." Its natural beauty has solicited endless praise from generations of writers and poets since ancient times. The new Guilin today has attracted numerous tourists from home and abroad, promoting the development of the city's tourism. The Lake Ronghu and Lake Shahu located in center of Guilin City are named Rongsha Lake, it received water from the Guihu Lake and discharges water into the River Lijiang. From 1970's, The government of Guilin City was tenovate the lake and replenished water from the Lijiang River, The channel of Lijiang is built with length 6140m, flow value respectively 1.5m3/s and lm3/s on normal season and dry season. But because of no enough funds, so water quality of the lake become more and more serious and the lake is eutrophic lake. With the support of the central government and through joint efforts of the government and office in charge of environmental protection items using foreign loans of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the project of the Ronghu lake and Shahu Lake treating project has been entered into the list of the annual financial program of 1997 of the World Bank. The project is now in the stage of feasibility studies. The Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences has been entrusted by the office of the government of the autonomous region in charge of item using loans from the World Bank to compile this outline of the project's environmental impact assessment. 1. Main content of the proposed project (1). waste water collecting project (2). digging sediment of the Ronghu Lake and the Shahu Lake (3). building new pomp station with water flow Im3/s 2. Main pollution sources for the proposed project 2.1 Main pollution sources during the construction of the project a. Dredging sediment and disposing The dredging sediment value will be 184,000m3 and dredging transporting and using of the sediment will be produce a certain environmental problem. b. Construction raised dust Raised dust is an important pollution element in construction that will affect the atmospheric quality. The level of raised dust varies greatly depending on the season of construction, soil type, and construction administration. c. Construction noise Excavating machines and other machines and transportation vehicles used will produce certain noise to affect people's life and rest nearby. d. Garbage The storing, transportation, and disposal of domestic garbage and construction garbage will have some impact on the city's enviromnent and ground water if not handled properly e. Foul smells produced by the garbage burial ground and waste water treating plants included in the project will have some impact on inhabitants nearby. 2.2 Major pollution sources during the operation of the project Noise produced by waster water plants and pump stations will have impact on the surrounding environment 3 Existing environmental quality 3.1 Quality of water environmental The monitored data from 1991 to 1994 and 1996 for this project show that the present water quality of the Lijiang River is good, most index are within the standard of Grade II surface water environment, up to the requirement of first class protected water, that is concentrated drinking water sources and for the protection of rare fish species. But certain items such as coli and petroleum exceeded the standard in 1991- 94; DO is a little too low. And that of NH3-N exceeded the standard of Grade II water by a big margin. As a whole water quality of the Lijiang river is good, but the trend of the change of water quality reveals worse from Dahe section to Jingpinshan section, it was affected by the discharge of domestic waste water and non-point rescue. The Taohua River, the Xiaodong River, the Ningyuan River and the Nanxi River are not meet the standard for Grade III water, after 1994, it is deteriorating along with the development of pollution. The index of coli and petroleum seriously exceed the standard for Grade III water. The index of coli, petroleum, CODm,, BOD, N02-N and NH3-N all exceeding the standard for Grade III in all tributes. The trend of the change of water quality reveals that the water quality of the Xiaodong River and the Taohua River has been deteriorating rapidly. The total area of good and fairly god underground water in the surveyed area was accounting for 90% of the total. The area of fairly poor underground water was ii accounting for 2.4% of the total, mainly distributed along Wucheng-Ximen Rice Flour Mill-brewery; along No.3 Pharmaceutical Factory-Wanfutan Dairy and Yaotou area. The exiting monitoring data show that the supplying water quality on open cannel from the Lijiang River is lightly polluted. The items of coli, petroleum and TN exceed the standard of Grade II surface water enviromnent, and the exceeding time respectively 22.8, 2.8 and 2.04. At present, The lakes of Ronghu lake, Guihu lake and Shahu lake is seriously polluted. The major items is coli, petroleum, TP, TN, NH3-N, BOD5, DO exceed the standard of Grade IV or V surface water environment, In particular the inlet of Lake Guihu, the oil, TP, TN, NH3-N and coli are seriously polluted, the values respectively 36, 17.88, 12.22, 9.1 and 23. The pollution of the lakes is basically of the following order: the Guihu Lake > the Ronghu Lake > the Shahu Lake. T.he assessment result show that The right dike on the section of the Lijiang River (the part of Guilin City center) is been polluted serious than the center and the lift dikes. The water quality of Lijiang River on upstream (the Lijiang theater) is finer than on downstream (the Proboscis Mountain). The TSI index (using Calson method) declared that the lakes all are eutrophic state, with TSI(Z) of 125 to 140. The water quality of project area is polluted seriously on lakes, the water of cannel is lightly polluted, the water of outlet of the Lake Shahu has threatened the section of Proboscis Mountain.. 3.2 Solid waste The total amount of domestic refuse produced was 131,000t in 1993, of which 120,000t was transported away and 65,000t treated to he harmless. Industrial solid waste in Guilin City was well handled and under good management, because the adoption of the policy of comprehensive utilization. Impact of solid waste in Guilin is mainly caused by domestic refuse. Because the capacity of harmless treatment is far from enough, its pollution to water, soil and the atmosphere, and lack of transporting capacity and transit stations is becoming more and more outstanding. Besides, there is industrial solid waste. 3.3 Quality of atmospheric environment The average daily concentration of S02 and NOx (in 1991-1994) was not exceeding the standard for Grade I atmosphere and TSP not exceeding the standard for Grade II atmosphere. But the average daily maximum concentration of SO2, NOx and TSP was exceeding the standard for Grade I and Grade II. The concentration of TSP was exceeding the standard for Grade II according the monitoring of the project's area in 1996, and the maximum exceeding rate was 80%. the quality of atmnospheric environrent was good on the area of replenishment project. 3.4 Acoustic environmental quality of the Guilin region . . Traffic and daily life noise are main environmental noise sources in Guilin. The road equivalent noise intensity exceeded 3dB(A) for standard of "Urban environmental noise standard" during daytime, and the length of was 44.83km taking up more than 78% of the total length of roads. The area where the average equivalent noise intensity exceeded 70dB(A) during daytime was 8.06%; that exceeding 6OdB(A) 39.51%; that exceeding 55dB(A) 68.95% in 1994. This was reveals that the noise pollution was serious in Guilin City, so noise will have impact on people's life. The traffic and local noise was not exceeded standard on the area of replenishment project by monitoring in 1996. 4 The factor of project's environmental impact The negative impact of the project is basically during the construction of the project, of short term, reversible and local, while positive impact is basically during its operation, of long term and extensive. So after the project is completed and put into operation the major impact will be favorable, though there will be local unfavorable impact. 1. Raised dust, foul smell and noise will have impact on the atmospheric quality and people's life. The laying of pipelines and the construction of water drawing tunnels, the collecting and transporting of construcion refuse will have much impact. 2 The discharging water of into lake will affect the Rong-Sha lake and the water of out lake will affect 4.1 Assessment on environmental impact during its construction This is a environmental treatment project involving intercepting industrial waste water, water replenishing,. It.involves a large scale and will last a fairly long time. A number of machines shall be used and large amounts of garbage, backfilling earth, and construction material shall be piled for some time. So noise, foul smell, traffic jams, secondary pollution and so on will affect the city's landscape and people's life. 1. Noise will be produced in different stages of construction. Measures should be taken to avoid construction at night. 2. It is better to transport away sand and pollutants directly. Care should be taken in loading to avoid droppings and prevent pollutants from touch the ground. Construction should be carried out in a civilized way to prevent secondary pollution. 3. Transportation should have covers and construction sites should have enclosures, and water should be sprinkled on piled earth and bottom clay dug up so as to reduce the impact of raised dust. Management should be strengthened to shorten the construction period. 4. Transportation needed for the construction should avoid rush hours so as to reduce its impact on the city's traffic. 5. Management of temporarily piled construction material and sediment should be strengthened to reduce possible secondary pollution, iv The above mentioned environmental impact is of short term and reversible. Proper measures can reduce it to the minimum degree. 4.2 Assessment on environmental impact during its operation The project's environmental impact during its operation is mainly positive, manifested in its improvement of the water environrent of the Lijiang River and Rong-Sha Lakes and the ecoenvironmnent of the city. This will greatly improve the city's investment environment and promote its economic development. 1. Impact on the water environment of the Lijiang River At present, the Lake Rong-Sha is seriously polluted and is eutrophication lake. The items coli, oil, TP, TN, NH3-N, and BOD5 all exceed the Grade IV or V of water quality standard, and at the outlet of the Shahu Lake, the water quality is worse than the center and against side of the Lijiang River, The above assessment show that the Rong-Sha lakes is affected the Lijiang River. After intercepting waste water, the amounts of reduce load of external pollution resource of discharge into lakes are respectively BODs for 1.2t/d, COD 2.6tld, SS 2.2tld, NH3-N 0.263t/d and TP 0.193t/d. After dredging sediment, the amounts of reduce loads of inner pollution resource of three lakes are As 0.4t, Zn 1 .05t, Pb 4t, Hg 5kg, TN 923t and TP 272t, and reduce release amount of TP is 596.3g/d, TN 8370g/d. The amounts of reduce pollution load of external and inner resources can be calculated for reduce amount of discharged into the Lijiang River. The project cut its pollutants from the city's domestic waste water, playing an certain role in protecting and improving the water envirounent and ecoenvironment of the Lijiang River. According monitored, the Lijiang River has been affected the discharged water from the three lakes. Prediction point out that the discharged water will not affect the water quality of Lijiang River, and the water quality of outlet of Shahu Lake will be good, after operation of the project. 2. Impact on the water quality of the Rong-Sha Lakes we used the data of Lake Dianchi to assessment on release of N and P of sediment of three lakes. The assessment show that the inner pollutants of load of amount of release of TP is 596.3 g/d, TN 8370gJd, this is a seriously pollution for the three lakes. The external pollutant load of the amount of the point load, the non-point load and fishing all cut, the amount of this pollution load are zero after the project has completed. The reduce amount include reduce amount of point pollution and non-point pollution loads plus the reduce amount of pollution load from river water. With the developing of the city economy, the population and tour will increase, and the industry will increase too, so the lakes Rong-Sha will became more and more seriously, if the lakes were not treated and the pollution load will increase. According the plan of the Guilin City, the amount of the waste water of the city on 2015 will be 3 times of 1994 year, and the amount of domestic waste water will be 2.4 times. This prediction used 2.4 times of waste water discharged into the lakes. v The data calculated point that the COD monitored in the Rong-Sha lakes is high, exceed Grade IV of water quality standard, if the lakes can be supplied water from the Taohuajiang River or the cannel of the Lijiang River, the water quality will be improved, but still need dredging sediment. 3. Impact on the city's ecoenvironment Guilin City is a famous tourist city. The treatrnent project will improve the water quality of the lakes, cut the inner and external pollution resource, and exchange the lake's water, so can improve the environment of the lakes and surrounding. thus basically solve heavy pollution areas of the city, especially the central part of the city and protect the landscape of the city. 5 The environmental impact of building removal and inhabitants resettlement This project of Rong-Sha lakes treating project just involved existing lakes, parks and roads, has no building removal and inhabitants resettlement 6 Benefit of the Lijiang River comprehensive treating project The Rong-Sha lakes treating project is a project that will improve the environmental ecology, beneficial to people's health. The major benefit of the project is that it will solve the problems of eutophication and water quality serious from which the lake has been suffering for many years. It will improve and landscape of the city, providing conditions for gathering and treating industrial waste water along the lakes, so as to improve the environmental quality of the down areas of the Lijiang River and the Proboscis maintain area, and people's living conditions. The amount of waste water gathered and treated by the project will account for ZOOOOt/d. That will greatly reduce the pollution load of the Lijiang River for BOD5 0.86t/d, COD 1.86t'd, SS 1.58tld and TP 0.13t/d, and greatly improve its water environment. The water quality will be improved, eutrophication will be controlled, the surrounding will be improve and soul smell will be put out, and the tourism price of the city will be grown during the operation. 7 Public participation The public participation of the project involves the whole Guilin city, so the scope of the investigation carried out included the area along the construction of engineering project. Institutions investigated included the People's Congress, the members of the political Consultative Conference especially farmers, ordinary inhibitions of the area affected by the project. vi The result showed that 90% of the investigated people supported the construction of the project, 95% of the inhabitants said they could understand the short impact of the construction of the project, if the removal of the houses and resettlement of the inhabitants are carried properly with proper policies, they will support the project of the prevail interest. To sum up the Rong-Sha Lakes Treating Project of Guilin is an environmental protection project will bring remarkable environmental benefit, social benefit and economic benefit. The project will impact environmental and inhabitants of the project's area during construction, but the above mentioned environmental impact is of short term and reversible. Proper measures can reduce it to the minimum degree acceding the EIA statement. The project's environmental impact during its operation is mainly positive, manifested in its improvement of the water environment of the Lijiang River and its tributaries and the ecoenvironment of the city. This will greatly improve the city's investment environment and promote its economic development. vii la 1. Preface 1.1 Purpose of this assessment The City of Guilin is located in the northeast of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, at 1100 13'--110° 40'E and 24°39'-250 22'N, 336 km from Nanning, capital of the autonomous region. It has a total area of 565km2, of which urban area accounts for 54km2 and suburbs 51 Im2. Under its jurisdiction are also two counties: Yangshuo County and Lingui County, whose areas are respectively 1,428km2 and 2,202kM2. In January of 1979 the State Council has designated Guilin City as a national key scenic tourist city, and in February of 1982 the city was declared as a national historical cultural city. Its unique limestone landscape, peak forests as well as solitude peaks, karst topography and caves form "number one beautiful scene in the world'. The Lijiang River meanders through the mountains from the north to the south. "The reflection of the peaks on the water seems to be floating while all the mountains and the water form a fairly land." Its natural beauty has solicited endless praise from generations of writers and poets since ancient times. The new Guilin today has attracted numerous tourists from home and abroad, promoting the development of the city's tourism. (See Fig. 1-1.) Guilin is a cultural city with a history of over 2,000 years. It is also a city undergoing reconstruction and further development. Because of historical reasons, the function division of the city is not clear and the distribution of its industries is irrational. In order to protect the scenery resources of the city, the Guilin City Government has decided to shut down and merge some enterprises, to change the products of others and stop production of still others, to speed up the construction of the city's infrastructure such as water supply, drainage, road and aforestation, and to carry out comprehensive treatment of the city's waste gas, waste water and solid waste matters. Remarkable achievements have been made in all these fields. But because of lack of fund, the waste water treatment and the rational utilization of the water resources of the Lijiang River are factors restraining the further development of tourism of Guilin. Flowing zigzag through Guilin City, the Lijiang River is the most important water resources of the city, supplying most of the water needed for people's life and the city's industries. Its main tributaries within the city's jurisdiction include the Taohua River, the Xiaodongjiang River, the Nanxi River, and the Liangfeng River. The clean watered Lijiang River with the green peaks and wonderful looking caverns and grottoes along its banks is at the same time one of the most famous tourist attraction in China, where tourism has created a large amount of wealth. The Lake Ronghu and Lake Shahu located in center of Guilin City are named Rongsha Lake, it received water from the Kuihu Lake and discharges water into the River Lijiang. From 1970's, The government of Guilin City was renovate the lake and replenished water from the Lijiang River, The channel of Lijiang is built with length 6140m, flow value respectively 1.5m3/s and Im3/s on normal season and dry season. But because of no enough funds, so water quality of the lake become more and more serious and the lake is eutrophic lake. With the support of the central government and through joint efforts of the government and office in charge of enviromnental protection items using foreign loans of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the project of the Ronghu lake and Shahu Lake treating project has been entered into the list of the annual financial program of 1997 of the World Bank. The project is now in the stage of feasibility studies. The Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences has been entrusted by the office of the government of the autonomous region in charge of item using loans from the World Bank to compile this outline of the project's envirownental impact assessment. The purpose of this assessment is to predict and analyze the environmental impact of the project during its construction and operation based on the characteristics of the project and comprehensive assessment of the environment, so as to discuss and prove its technical feasibility and rationality in order to provide scientific basis for the decision making, designing and environmental administration of the project 1.2. Basis for the compiling of ELIA 1.2.1 Document Guohuan (86) 003 "Procedure of the Environmental Protection of Construction Program" by the National Environmental Protection Agency; 1.2.2 Document Huajian (1993) 324 jointly issued bytheNation Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA), the State Planning Commission, the Ministry of Finance, and the Chinese People's Bank "Notification for Strengthening the Administration over the Environmental Protection of Construction Items Using Loans from International Financial. Organizations"; 1.2.3 Document Jitouzi (1994) 441 "Reply to the Proposal by the State Planning Commission on the Construction of the Environmental Protection Project in Guangxi by Using Loan from the World Bank"; 1.2.4 Document Huanjian (88) 117 "Certain Opinions on the Environmental Administration of Construction Items"; 2 1.2.5 "Water Law of the People's Republic of China", 1988; 1.2.6 "Law of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China", 1989; 1.2.7 "Report on the Feasibility Studies of the Project of Waste Water Treatment of Guilin City", June 1996 by South-Central China Designing and Research Institute of Municipal Engineering; 1.2.8 Document Huanjianjian (96) 117 "Replay to outline of EIA on the project of comprehensive treatment of the Lijiang River in Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region" by NEPA, May, 19 1996. 1.3. Scope, standard, and schedule of the assessment and targets of environmental protection 1.3.1 Standard of the assessment 1. Standard for water environmental assessment For the Lijiang River: Grade nI standard set in "Document GB3838-88 Standard for Surface Water Environmental Quality"; For its tributaries: Grade III standard of the same document; For the canal of Lijiang and the lakes Ronghu and Shahu: Grade III standard of the same document: For ground water: Grade III standard set in "Document GB5749-85 Hygienic Standard for Water for Domestic Usage and Drinking Water". 2. Standard for sediment of the lakes Ronghu and Shahu and canal of the Lijiang: acid soil set in "Standard of Farmland Pollutants Control Using Sludge" 3. Standard for atmospheric environment: Grade II and Grade III standards set in "Document GB3095-82 Standard for Atmospheric Environment Quality" are used respectively for inhabitant quarters and industrial quarters. 4. Standard for noise: the standard set in "Document GB12523-90 Noise Limit for the Border of Construction Sites" and the Grade II standard for mixed quarters set in Document GB3096-93 Standard for Urban Environmental Noise are used. 5. Standard for waste water: the Grade I standard set in Document GB8979-88" Standard for Comprehensive Waste water Discharge". 1.3.3 Period of time to be assessed 3 The period of time to be assessed includes the process of the construction of the project and the period from the time when the project is put into operation to the year concerned in the plan (2015). 1.4. Content and key points of the assessment 1.4.1 Content of the assessment * Disposal on polluted sediment of the Lakes Ronghu and Shahu * Impact on the environmental noise during construction * Impact on the raised dust during construction * Impact on landscape during construction * Impact of the foul smell on the surrounding enviromnent 1.4.2 Key points of the assessment - Disposal on polluted sediment of the Lakes Ronghu and Shahu * Impact of the project on the Lijiang River and the surrounding environment of the Lakes Ronghu and Shahu * Impact of the project on people's life and city function during constriction 1.5 Main techniques and measures adopted in the assessment 1.5.1 Procedure of the assessment See Fig. 1-2 for the working procedure of the assessment. 1.5.2 Method used in the assessment Environmental assessment factors were screened according to the characteristics of the project with advice solicited from concerned experts. The factors chosen are mainly those bearing much impact on the water environment, atmospheric environment, and acoustic environment because of the project. 1. Methods of assessment Collect the monitored data of 1991-94 and assess the existing surface water, atmosphere, noise and solid waste matters of Guilin area. Give key assessment to the construction sites and areas involved, so as to make clear environmental problems to be taken into consideration in the designing of the project and put forward proposals and measures to be taken to relieve such problems. 2. Monitoring and assessment on the present state of water environment 4 The monitoring of present state of water bodies includes canal, the Lake Ronghu, the Lake Shahu and the Lijiang River. Monitoring section of the Lijiang River are chose upstream and downstream of the proboscis mountain, the lakes monitoring section are chose as routing monitoring sections and canal monitoring station. total water monitoring stations are 10. Monitoring items include pH, COD,, BODS, NH3-N, NO,-N, Zn, Cr, HAg, petroleum, volatile phenol, SS, CN and bacteria coli. Monitoring items of the lake must include Chla, transparency, and color degree. To collect data of normal monitoring of ground water, avprage value of tree time monitoring results is used to assess pollution level of present state on ground water in the assessed area. Assessed items include pH, total hardness, NH3-N, Cr, Cd, Hg, Zn, SS, and bacteria coli. 3. Monitoring and assess on pollution level of sediment of the lakes 8 monitoring section is set up as the lakes Ronghu and Shahu. Depth of sampling is of 0.5m. Monitoring items include oil, water ratio, organic matter, As, Zn, Hg, Cr, Pb, TN and TP. 4. Monitoring and assess on noise environment noise produced by construction shall affect the people's life. 12 monitoring point are chosen according to combination of the distribution of key noise sensitive region and setting monitoring point of network in the area around the construction. Monitoring is carried out for four days in succession. L1o, Lso, and 19 of each monitoring point is obtained according to monitoring results, then Leq value are calculated. 5. Monitoring and assess on raised dust of atmosphere environment 8 monitoring point are chosen according to the distribution of the area around the construction of sewage pipeline, the point of disposing sediment and transportation route. Monitoring is carried out for five days in succession, four times each day. Method of single factor pollution index is adopted in the assessment of present state. 5 Certificate of Entnzsuncnt of Projeca Filed survey and information collect on the projcct's environment if Environmental questions and fatories on the project to be taken Recognition of environmental affecting factors Outine of Environmental I wact Assent 1 Fsubmit to NEPA&n yes Monitoring and assessment of existing environmeintal quali Analysi of project Noise Atmospheric Wer EeOZi Natal nd soc Expens' opinio s Eniomn Env= A =_a Elvct Detailnment | ~~~~Prediction and assessment on the project's e vitUim cffoa Statement on environmental impact assssment of subprojets Statement on environrnental impact assessment on the project of comprehensive tamnt of the Lijiang Rivr in Guilin 1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1! No subnmit to NEP Jyes To do basis proposed environmental chnology and measures adopted in the project Fig. 1.2 Procedure of the Environmental Assessment of the Lijiang River Comprehensive Treatment Project 1.6 Institution and personnel of the compiling of the assessment 1.6.1 Brief introduction to the institution 6 A comprehensive environmental scientific research academy directly under the National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA), the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences boasts large scale, complete disciplines, advanced equipment, rich technical capacity, and wide scope of research. It has now a total staff of 580, which includes 128 senior researchers. It is entrusted with the responsibility for the establishment of state environmental standards and technical examinations, and the responsibility of technical monitoring and administration of environmental impact assessment of construction programs by the NEPA. The academy has so far compiled over 300 environmental impact assessment, ranking number one in the country. The assessments involve fields of light industry, brewery, heat supply, air port, sea port, natural gas supply, electricity, highway, petroleum, chemicals, iron and steel, water conservatoly, food processing mining, railway, electronics, regional development and constuction and municipal engineering. 1.6.2 Cooperation institutions Guilin City Research Institute of Environmental Sciences Guilin City Environmental Monitoring Station 1.6.3 Major personnel and their qualification See the flyleaf of this report for the list of the personnel taking part in the EIA and their qualification. 7 2. General Situation of the Project to Use the Loan 2.1 Basic situation of the project 2.1.1 Name of the project 4Guangxi Envirommental Protection Project"-the treatment project of the Ronghu Lake and Shahu Lake in Guilin City 2.1.2 Nature and assessed category of the project The purpose of the project of treatment of the lakes Ronghu and Shahu is to bring the eutrophication lakes into control and make it clean and garden. The project is to intercept waste water now directly discharged into the lakes and sent to waste water treating plant. he water level should control by pomp station of the Taohuajiang River. Completion of the project will improve water quality of the Lake Ronghu, Lake Shahe and the Lijiang River. The project has positive effective, but it shall be carried out in the urban area with a fairly long duration and large amounts of lakes sediments to be treated, the project is determined to be of A-B category. 2.1.3 Geographic location and layout of the proposedproject The project is from Nanzhouba on the Lijiang River to west part of the proboscis mountain, is located the center of the Guilin City, including cannel, the Ronghu Lake and Shahu Lake. The proposed project involves the waste water collocating project, lake water discharging project and digging sediment project (see Fig. 2-1). 2.1.4 Main content of the proposedproject (I). waste water collecting project (2). digging sediment of the Ronghu Lake and the Shahu Lake (3). building new pomp station with water flow I m3/s 2.1.5 Investment scale The total investment of the project amounts to 19.68 million yuan (RMB), of which 50% will comprise of loan from the World Bank and the other 50% has to be raised by local institutions. 8 Legend k and riv-r Xiananzhou open caunel _ _ 1s/ c cannel lake road p popn StaiO sewage pipeliel Zbnue9a pipeline Fig 2-1 The location of the Rong-Sha Lakes Treating ]Project 9_ 2.2 Technological Process 2.2.1 Construction technological process of the waste water collecting works The waste water discharged into the Lake Ronghu and lake Shahu will be intercepted, then collected into waste water treating plant. The waste water collecting project includes the sewage and rain trunk of Yiwulu pipeline with length 2.9km. DemolilW an wemWn =it _h pipd-i-n erZ&work- msoaion of buiildings on te ground igrg *lyn lln landup 2.2.2 Construction technologicalprocess of dredging sediment Dredging area: the area of Lake Ronghu is 130000m2, Lake Shahu 9.5000Gm2, total area is 225000m2. Dredging depth: O.9m Dredging scope: 184000m3 Lake wate ging o (Temporary pipel Te ns | Disp lemptying, sedmentof sediment) porta±io fI 2.3 Major pollution sources and the discharge of pollutants 2.3.1 Exiting pollution soarces and discharge of polluarnts 1. Domestic waste water Fig.2-2 shown the discharging inlets of domestic waste water, about 40 with 10000 tone waste water discharging into the lakes. These waste water is main from the Lijiang Printing Plant, the Guihu Hotel, the Ronghu Hotel and domestic waste water of units and residents surrounding the lake. 2. Sediment of the Lake Ronghu and Lake Shahu After many years of silting up, the lake's bottom shown up surfice water on part area during dry season. The weeds have grown and the garbage thrown around the Lakeshore. The lake's landscape and water quality become serious and eutrophication. The sediments of lake have amounts nutrition and harmful elements and easy release from sediment into water after intercepting waste water, so need dig the sediment 3. Other pollution sources The project will produce other pollution sources during construction, for example renovate bank of lake, and foul smell. 10 2.3.2 Major pollution sources during the construction of the project a. Dredging sediment and disposing The dredging sediment value will be 184,000m3 and dredging transporting and using of the sediment will be produce a certain environmental problem. b. Construction raised dust Raised dust is an important pollution element in construction that will affect the atmospheric quality. The level of raised dust varies greatly depending on the season of construction, soil type, and construction administration. c. Construction noise Excavating machines and other machines and transportation vehicles used will produce certain noise to affect people's life and rest nearby. d. Garbage The storing, transportation, and disposal of domestic garbage and construction garbage will have some impact on the city's environment and ground water if not handled properly e. Foul smnells produced by the garbage burial ground and waste water treating plants included in the project will have some impact on inhabitants nearby. 2.3.2 Major pollution sources during the operation of the project Noise produced by waster water plants and pump stations will have impact on the surrounding environment 2.4 Arrangement of the construction The project involves the urban part as well as the suburb part of Guilin City. For the works in the urban part, careful arrangement should be made to reduce the impact to the miniimum and the arrangement in the suburbs part can be a little loosened so as to reduce the cost. 2.5 Major environmental protection measures Measures to be taken for environmental protection are basically divided into two stages; the construction and operation of the project. 1. Construction noise On the premise that the construction period of the project is guaranteed, the use of machines should be carefully arranged in an overall planning. Different areas should have ii different arrangement. In commercial quarters, construction activities should avoid rush shopping hours, and in inhabitant quarters, construction should not be carried out at night. 2. Raised dust Raised dust is an important pollution factor in the construction. The construction season should be carefully chosen. Give different treatment according to the soil types and strengthen the management of the construction. Construction sites in the central part of the city should be enclosed. 3. Construction garbage Administration should be combined with propagation for the disposal of construction garbage and domestic garbage so a to raise people's sense of environmental protection. The collecting, piling, transportation and disposal of garbage should all come under careful planning and arrangement. 4. Traffic jams As the transportation of construction materials and construction garbage will add to the cityWs traffic, and the digging and piling of materials will occupy certain part of roads, traffic jam is inevitable. So optimized transportation schedule should be arranged to avoid rush hours. 5. water quality The lake must reduce cast bait and inclesse discharge water frequency from pumping station. 2.6 Financial estimates of the project The investment of the project from China is 13.85 million yuan and the loan part from World bank is 13.85 million yuan(RMB) too, total is 27.10 million yuan. 12 r<,. --, X A~~~~~~~A - OadtY Mad ~ ~ ~ w t~~~/1/ e 5ke W I I1e e- itfaIi. croI,;,~ If JA~ ./4 m... /~ueL 1/ g/ ;/. ~~~~ proboscis l - dL _ . mountain, 'S.- Fig 2-2 The Location of the Sewvage Outlet Along the Rong-Sha lakes c 13 3. General Situation of the Environment of the Area Where the project Is to Be Constructed 3.1 General environmental situation of the area of the proposed project 3.1.1 Geographical location The proposed project involves Guilin City, Linggui County within the citys jurisdiction ,and Xing'an County and Lingchuan County under the jurisdiction of the Guilin Prefecture, at 1 1005'-110006'E and 24°38'-25a23N; with a total area of 5,210 km2. If Yangshuo County is also included, the total area is 6,628km2. See Fig. 3-1 for the scope of the impact of the proposed project Guilin is located along the Hunan-Guangxi corridor in the northeast of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is the tmffic hub of northem Guangxi. 3.1.2. LAndscape and topography The city of Guilin is located in the southwest of the Nanling Mountains. To its north lies the Yuecheng Mountain, to its south the Jiaqiao Mountain, and to its east the Haiyang Mountains. The main peaks of these mountains are all above I 500m. Its north, east, and south are high, but its central part and southwest are low. The urban area of Guilin is located in a karst basin, which is about 40kn long (N-S) and 20kn wide (E-W). The altitude of the bottom of the basin is 150m, where accretion formed in various ways are distributed to form a vast alluvial and flat plain scattcred with mounds. The Lijiang River and its tributaries the Taohua River, the Xiaodong River, the Nanxi River, the Liangfeng River, and the Ningyuan River flow across the urban area from the north to the south. at the sides and the central part of the basin are widely distributed with peak clumps, peak forests, and single peaks formed of limestone with a height of 300-600m. There are many karst caves. The stratum of Guilin is mainly formed of carbons of the Upper Devonian Series and the Lower Carboniferous Series, of typical karst area in China. The urban part of the City of Guilin is at the top of the northeast break over arch of epsilon structural system, lying from the north to the east. topographic formations include: corrosional land-form, erosion - - corrosion land-form, erosion land-form, and accumulation land-form, the first being the major feature. The relative height of the over 200 stone peaks near the urban area averages 74m, with various underlying basement. Karst caves have developed within peak forests. The lime stone in the area is thick (the total thickness is over 3,000m), pure and widely 14 JR ( Canal WanQian I- ~~~~~~~~~~Qingshitan . %* _, r- c > < j Reservoir Lingch m c . x_ \ ~~~Wutong 79 t()>,~~M20 |. e,>g ).~~~~k~mu~- o ilech: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ caDan 0 L.iwn.h \A cC~~~~~~~~~~~~ct 1 uangxi Ihuang A Rbianchang5 i'N n , ) \ / ~~~~~~~~~~~Putao Xn,4g* .' . rB<7 \ ~ ~~ iUlidi.ar5 < .+ 01a1lechi C %j jinta Yangshuoi , C) oHaise ° I,iuvhou Gaoatian ) _?Ninning yuIj,_3.A, B\' !oQinvhou W _ . gtmhc Guangxi Zhuang Autonatnous,tRegion.-. . Fig 3-1-2 Lacation of Guilin Citv Is distributed and the climate is hot and wet, plus the crises-cross the fault structure caused by the many tectonic movements of the crust,. This caused the area to have a typical subtropics karst landscape. 3.1.3 Surface water and ground water The Lijiang River, the major river in Guilin area, has its source in the east slope of the Maoer Mountain, the highest peak of the Yuecheng Mountains in north Guangxi. It converges with the Lingqu River at the Darongjiang River,. The segment from this point to the outlet of the Gongeheng River in Pingle Country is called the Lijiang River. Then if flows into the Guijiang River. Its totad length is 214km, and its trunk river is i601cm long, with 12 major tributaries: the Lingqu River, the Darongiang River, the XiaorongJiang River, the Gantang River, the Taohua River, the Nanxi River, the Liangfeng River, the Donghe River, the Xihe River (the Huangsha River), the Chaotian River, the Xingping River, and the Tianjia River. Its total drainage area is 6,050kn2. The average flow of the Lijiang River over the years is 120m3/s, 8-12 during the dry season. The maximum flow monitored is 4 640 m3/s (1976) and the minimum 3.8mI/s (1951). The average annual runoff is 4.2 billion in3. The river bed is mainly formed of pebble, gravel, and sand stone. The average silt content is 0.0381gm3, the smallest among the rivers in Guangxi. The Guilin segment of the Lijiang River is shallow with many shoals. It has a strong self-purifying capacity. The Rong-Sha lake is the biggest lake on the Guilin City with area of 130000m2, depth 1.5m. Supplying water of the lake is from ground water and precipitation. From 1981 to 1983 the water replenishment to the lake project has built. The project has a cannel from Nanzhouba of the Lijiang River to Proboscis Mountain, with length of cannel is 6140m, design flow is 1.5m3/s for normal year, I.Om3/s for dry year, water exchange time is 3 to 5 days (see Fig 3-2). Ground water in Guilin includes pore water, karst water, and crevice water. Pore water is distributed in river faces sedimentation and alluvial plains, with an area of 65km2. Ground water is 4-7m deep, with an annual variation of 5-8m. Karst water is of covered and uncovered types. The uncoverd is stored in karst tunnels (underground rivers). So far nine underground rivers have been discovered, which control an area of 140km2, 3-Sm deep, with an annual variation of 1-4m Covered karst water is stored in karst caves or karst cracks, usually covered by 10-30m thick of clay, 5-19m deep, with an annual variation of 1-5m. Crevice water is stored in the cracks of sand stones, mainly distributed in the mountains in the east and the west, with an area of only 16km2. 16 Legend river i open cannel - |* close cannel __ _ _ _ lake - 0 road _ - ' scale 1:5000 WDh It~~~7I lezlftt om oAX4 )' o =- Y-er-W-0 11' \ t--PW >sewp h*e~~~~~~ar, t: _ /te ae-tfr - ~ - :/ - 0. ' - ,/ / s__ ~~~ ~~~~ 0~~~ 0 Fig 3-2 Replenshiment Project (1991-1998) - 17 Within an area of 282.44km2, the amount of ground water naturally replenished is 151 - 681 600t/a (4.8lm3/s), that of high water period accounts for 70.7% and that of low water period 29.3%. Ground water there is mainly of HCO3-Ca type. The average pH value of low- mineralized water is 6.3-8.5, with t total hardness of 200-300mg. 3.1.4 Climate Guilin is located in the subtropics monsoon zone, with a long, hot summer and a short winter. It has abundant precipitation, mostly concentrated in spring and summer. The summer (when the avenge air temperature is above 221C) in Guilin lasts 145 days. It is the hottest in July when the avenge air temperature is 283YC, the coldest in January, when the average air temperature is 7.9C . According to statistics of thirty years the average annual air temperature is 18.8 with the highest 233 C, the extreme being 39.4C (1953), and the lowcst 15.7 C, the extreme being-4.9 C (1955). The aveage annual rainfall is over 1,900mm. See Fig. 3-3. for its distribution. The avenge annual relative humidity is 76%, and the avenge annual evaporation 1,485nmu. The leading wind in the year is NNE, with an avenge annual wind speed of 2.5m/s, the maximum being l9mIs. The annual frost-free days number 307, and the total annual sunshine reaches 1 684Ah, with a rate of 38%. 3.2 General ecoenvironmental situation Vegetation in Guilin area is mainly of pony-tail pine and coniferous communities. On the scenery mountains are mainly broad-leaved mixed forests. Along the streets in the urban area are growing sweet hibiscus, camphor, fish pelargonium, Chinese ash, privet, Chinese scholar tree, and kiri, interplant with flowers and glass. Guilin has a total forest area of 96,941ha, accounting for 23.1% of the total area. There are within the area over I 000 species of higher plants, including the living fossil Cathaya argyrophylla and Chinese hemlock, and rare species like gingko. Precious animal sinlude white-head leaf monkey, rhesus monkey, sike, tiger, Chinese pangolin, giant salanander, yellow-bellied tragopan, crimson-bellied tragopan, and Chinese copper pheasant. There are over 140 species of fish in the Lijiang River, major ones include common carp, crucian carp, and big-eyed Chinese triangular brem. 79 species of benthons have been identified living in the Lijiang River, including 13 orders like insects, crustaceans, leeche, and arachnids. There are 113 zooplanktons, of which 22 are of protozoa, 23 of rotifers, 39 of IS copepods, and 29 of cyclops. Major aquatic tracheophyta include 10 species of 8 genus such as Vailiisneria spiialis, Hydrilla verticillata and Potanogeton malaianus, with a total biomass of 2.54kg/m2. 3.3 Social economic situations 3.3.1 Administrative area involved in the project Guilin City has five districts: Xiufeng, Diecai, Qixing, Xiangshan, Suburbs, and two counties: Yangshuo and Lingui. The Guilin.Prefecture has tow counties: Lingchuan and Xing'an. 3.3.2. Character and scope of Guilin City Guilin is a famous city for sight seeing and. historical interest. It is well known by its "green mountains, eiar waters, strange caves and beautiful stones". There are also a lot of humanistic scenarios. It is planned to build the city into a beautiful, comfortable international city with developed economy and beautiful environment by the year of 2010. The population of Guilin reached 550 000 in 1994, of which 398,000 are not engaged in agriculture. Besides the Han, there are also the Zhuang, the Yao, the Hui, the Miao, the Tong, and the Yaolao, and other national minorities, altogether reaching 107 000 by the end of 1993. 3.3.3. land utilization The total area of Guilin City is 4,1951kM2, of which medium high and low mountains take up 1,231km2, accounting for 29.34%, that of hills 969.6km2, accounting for 23.22%, terraces 264.87kmn2, accounting for 6.31%, plain 954.73km2, accounting for 22.66%Jo, the rest 776.67km2, accounting for 18.52%. Actually cultivated land in 1994 was 635,200ha, of which paddy field accounts for 74% and dry farmland accounts for 26%/e. There are 214,000ha of forests in the drainage area of the Lijiang River, of which 35% is for conservation of water supply and 43.6% for timber, 0.5% for special forests, 1.2% for firewood, 8.1% for economic forests, and 16.65 of bamboo forests, The forest coverage rate is 38.8%, above the national average. That in the upper reaches above Guilin is 51.4% and that in the middle and lower reaches is 14.2%. 3.3.4. Production development 19 The GNP of the city in 1994 reached 5.19 billion yuan (price of that year), of which primary industry accounted for 16.7%, secondary industry 44.4%, and tertiary industry 38.9%/e. Enterprises in the city are mostly of medium and small scale, including machine building, electronics, rubber, light industry and textile, food processing and pharmaceutical. Construction of the city has been speeding up, and infrstructure (road communication, water supply and drainage, environmental protection, gas supply, living houses, and aforestation) has had certain scale, laying a foundation for further development of the city's construction. 3.3.5 Exing infrastructwe The total area of constructed buildings in Guilin City reached 14.16 million M2 in 1993. The total length of roads reached 302km with a total area of 2.82m2. The total length of drainage pipelines reached 114km. The rate of gas popularization was 45.1%. The total constructed area of the city was 46.5km2- Water resources used in Guilin is mainly of surface water supplemnented by ground water. There are now four water mills in the urban area: Dongzhen Road, Dongjiang, Longchuanping, and Wayao, all taking water from the Lijiang River. The designed water supply capacity is 100 000m3/d and 28 000m3/d (of which 70 OOOm3/d was completed in December 1995), with a total of 328 OOOm3/d. 191 enterprises have their own water mills , mostly for production, of which the supplying capacity of wells reached 125 OOOm3/d. As the water supplied by these self-owned water mills is of poor quality, water consumed by these enterpises for daily life is still supplied by the tap water company. The total amount of waste water discharged in Guilin City in 1994 was 100.51 million tons, of which industrial waste water 29.13 million tons. 56 enterprises discharge their waste water to waste water treating plants, with a total amount of 6.03 million t/a. Three waste water treating plants, 9 rain water and waste water pumping stations, and 146 pipeline with a total designed capacity of 78 500m3/d and actual capacity of 63 5000m3/d have been built in the city. The city has 126 waste water treating devices, of which 108 are in normal operation. The amount of waste water to be treated is 27A9 million t/a, but oniy 24.46 million t/a was treated, with a rate of 89°%. The amount of industrial waste water is 20.63 million t/a with 10.61 million t/a reaching the standard after treating, the rate being 45%. The amount of industrial waste water reused is 8.38 million t/a. The total investment in industrial waste water treatment reaches 28.171 million yuan (up to the end of end of 1999). 20 Domestic refuse in Guilin City is now mainly collected and cleaned by pmfessional people, then shifted from the 15 garbage transit stations to be buried or piled in the suburbs. Its transporting uses machines and vehicles. The major way of disposal is to be treated by the Pingshan garbage compost factory which can handle 30tld. The amount of garbage transported in 1993 was 120 000t, of which 65 OOOt was treated to be harmless. Guilin City now has two civil airports, which are linked many home and international air routes. The Hunan-Guangxi Railway runs through Guilin, where a new terminate station is being built. The completion of the new railway station will greatly facilitate transportation and promote tourism. 3.4 General life quality The total area of constructed urban part of the city has reached 46.5am2, with an urban population of 550,000 (1994), of which 398,000 are non-agricultural population. People's living standard has been raised along with the economic development. The average annual domestic income reaches 4,142 yuan, showing an actual increase of 10.78% over the Ist year. The average annual salary of the staff was 4,505 yuan and that of farmers 1,137 yuan. There are now 9 parks in Guilin, the total tourists in 1994 reached 4.3 million person * times, of which 0.6 million were from abroad. Green area of the city reached 1,515.9ha, averaging 4.9m3 per capita. The city's green space ratio reached 32.6%. Besides beautiful natural mountains and waters, there are in Guilin many places of historical interests, major ones including the former palace and tomb of the king, fonner city of the ancient Jingjingjiang Prefecture, ruins of the Piye Cave, and the Eighth Route Army's office in Guilin. The enviromnental protection in Guilin has been strengthened. The air in the urban area is of the standard of grade II and the water quality of the Lijiang River is of the standard of Grade II surface water. The quality of drinking water is good. 3.5 Surface water environmental quality 3.5.1 Water environmental quality of the Lyiiang River and its tributaries (91-94) The Lijiang River has its source in the east slope of the Maoer Mountain. It flows through Xing'an County, Lingchuan County, urban area of Guilin City, Yangshuo County, and Pingle County, with a total length of 214km. Its segment from Dahe to Mopanshan flows through the major economic area of Guilin City, thus being the major source for water of 21 . daily use and industry and agriculture. It also serves as the final receiving water body of waste water produced in this area. Its major tributaries flowing through the urban area are the Xiaodong River, the Taohua River, the Ningyuan River, the Nanxi River, and the Xiangsi River. I. Pollution of the Lijiang River The Lijiang River is mainly supplemented by rain water. The difference of its water level within the year can reach over Im, and that of its flow 160rn3/s to 250m3/s. During December of the low water season (when the flow at all the sections is less than 56m3/s), the pollution runoff ratio increases and the self purifying capacity of the river decreases. The index of N03-N, NH3-N, and petroleum all exceed the standard. During July and August of the normal water season, the water quality is the best. During May of the flood season, the first storm washes large amount of city garbage and other pollutants into the rver, seriously deteriorates the water quality of the Lijiang River. The generd water quality of the Lijiang River is as follows: Most index are within the standard value except that of coli and NHr-N in its upper reaches (section above Dahe before it flows into the urban part). The urban segment (Lushan Bridge to Jingpingshan) receives waste water from some food processing industries and domestic sewage, and its tributaries flowing through the urban part the Taohua River, the Xiaodong River, the Ningynan River and the Nanxi River all flow into it. So the water body fro the section of Doujishan to that of Longmnen is a segment seriously polluted by organism and N in the upper reaches of the Lijiang River. The lower reaches (down the Jingpingshan Bridge) are mainly affected by industries like power, tier making, and paper making. Besides it also receives water from the waste water treating plants. But the pollution down the section of Longmen is gradually reduced to reach the standard of Grade II water at the Mopanshan. 2. Pollution of its tributaries The Xiaodong River: mainly affected by irrigation water, waste water from food processing industry, and domestic sewage. The water in its middle and lower reaches is seriously polluted, looks black and gives out foul smells. The Nanxi River: seriously polluted by industrial waste water. Coal dust has piled up at the outlets into the Lijiang River, where the water is black and gives out very foul smells. The Ningyuan River: mainly polluted by industrial waste of pharnacy, food processing, and dying and printing as well as domestic sewage. Its water body is also black and smelly. 22 JI The Taohua River: mainly affected by irrigation water, part of industrial waste water and domestic sewage. Its lower reaches and its outlet into the Lijiang River has obvious biological pollution and pollution of petroleum and like. The Xiangsi River: its water body is fairly good but has been polluted recently by township-run enterprises 8 10 4 2 yW 0 ~~~~~~~~~~1991 1992 1993 1994 yCMr 1991 1992 1993 1994 Yea Xiaoongjiang River Liiang River a ~~~~~~~~~~~20 6- 15 4 2 0== D t , 1991 1992 1993 1994 1991 192 1993 1994 Yew Taaw1jiang Riva Linguan River 15 , ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ 6 t _BOD5 lo ; 4 = Nh3-N 15 2. 0 1991 1992 1993 1994Year 1991 1992 1993 1994 Y Xiangcijiang River Nanxi River Fig. 3-3 Trend of variance of pollutants in the Lijiang River and its tributaries 3. pollution sources (I) Discharge of industrial waste water 23 The total amount of industrial waste water discharged from 1991 to 1994 reached 88.91 million tons, averaging 29.3667 million t/a, which contained 4,738t of pollutants, of which 1.094t was first class pollutants and metals. (2) Amount of waste water received The amount of waste water discharged into the trunk of the Lijiang River in 1991-94 reached 37.3062 million tons, averaging 9.3266 million tla. Table 3.5.1 Water Quality of the Trunk of the Lijian River as Monitored _____________ (1991-1994) unit: mg/L Year 191 1992 1993 1994 Aveage| Exceeding Avage Exceeding AVeae F3ceeding Averg Exceding _______ value rate(%) value rate(%) value rate(%) value atc(%/*) pH 735 0.00 738 0.00 7.54 0.00 7.83 0.0 SS 16.8 24.1 1.5 0.00 2.7 3.7 7.3 0.0 Hardness (G) 3.84 0.00 3.91 0.00 3.18 0.0 0.71 0.0 DO 6.13 38.9 5.9 40.7 6.9 18.5 6.0 54.2 COD,& 2.30 0.00 2.0 0.00 1.9 3.7 1.9 0.0 BOD, 1.44 5.60 1 1.90 1 0.0 0.9 0.0 NH3-N 0.53 44.40 0.445 31.50 0.295 18.5 0.381 31.9 N02-N 0.053 11.10 0.075 33.3 0.037 0.0 0.053 9.7 NO,-N 0.68 0.00 0.68 0.0 0.53 0.0 0.64 0.0 phenol 0.001 0.00 0.001 0.0 0.002 7.4 0.001 0.0 CN' 0.002 0.00 0.002 0.0 0.002 0.0 0.002 0.0 As 0.004 0.00 0.004 0.00 0.004 0.0 0.004 0.0 Hg 0.00005 0.00 0.0005 0.0 0.00005 0.0 0.00005 0.0 Cr' 0.002 0.00 0.002 0.0 0.002 0.0 0.002 0.0 Pb 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.0 0.01 0.0 0.01 0.0 Cd 0.002 0.00 0.002 0.0 0.001 0.0 0.00l 0.0 oil 0.40 87.00 0.08 18.5 0.69 66.7 0.21 38.9 Conductivity 7.1 - 13.52 - 10.67 - 14.37 ( p slcm) I_I Colon 508 x lol 90.7 720 x l10 89.0 885 x 10j 98.0 1592 x 1 96.0 bacillus(IlL). 24 Table 3.5.2 Major Pollution Index and Pollution Composition in the Lijiang River unit :mgIL year item Colon petroleum SS COD,, BOD, NO2-N NH3-N bacillus 1991 exceeding rate(%) 90.7 87.0 24.1 0.0 5.6 11.10 44.4 pollution index(P.) 50.8 8.0 0.67 0.58 0.48 0.53 1.06 pollution rate(%) 78.6 12.4 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.6 type >5 4 2 2 1 1 3 1992 exceeding rae(I) 89.0 18.5 0.0 0.0 1.9 33.3 31.5 pollution index(P1) 72.0 1.60 0.06 0.50 0.33 0.75 0.89 pollution rate(/) 91.5 2.0 0.1 0.6 0.4 1.0 1.1 type >5 4 1 1 1 2 2 1993 exceeding me(%) 98.0 66.7 3.7 3.7 0.0 0.0 18.5 pollution index(P1) 88.5 13.8 0.11 0.48 0.33 0.37 0.59 pollution rate(Y) 82.5 12.9 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 type >5 5 1 1 1 1 2 1994 exceeding atWe-() 96.0 38.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.7 31.9 pollution idex(P) 59.2 4.2 0.29 0.48 0.30 0.53 0.76 pollution raze(%) 85.9 6.1 0.42 0.7 0.4 0.8 1.1 type >5 4 I I I I 2 Table 3.5.3 Major Pollution Index and Pollution Composition in the Xiaodong River unit :mg/L year item Colon petroleum SS CODb BOD, N02-N NH3-N bacillus __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1991 exceeding te(%) 89.0 66.7 0.0 0.0 8.3 0.0 41.7 pollution mdex(P1) 127 12A 0.77 0.58 0.53 0.44 1.03 pollution rate(?) 89.0 8.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.7 type >5 5 2 2 1 2 >5 1992 exceeding rate (%) 100.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 83.3 pollution index(P1) 16.0 6.4 0.04 0.47 0.50 0.90 1.45 pollution te(%) 62.1 24.8 0.2 2 2 3.3 5.6 type >5 4 1 2 I 3 >5 1993 cxceding rate(%) 100.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.3 16.7 pollution index(P;) 22.9 16.8 0.03 0.33 0.25 0.90 0.89 pollution raile() 54.4 39.9 0.1 0.8 0.6 2.2 2.0 type >5 5 1 1 1 3 3 1994 exceeding rat/(o) 100.0 50.0 0.0 33.3 33.3 33.3 91.7 pollution index(Pi) 77.4 44.8 0.50 0.88 1.75 0.53 8.91 pollution rate(*%) 57.4 33.2 0.4 0.7 1.3 0.4 6.6 type >5 >5 2 3 4 2 >5 25 J Table 3.5.4 Major Pollution Index and Pollution Composition in the Teohuajiang River unit:mgJL year itan Colon peroleum SS COD,, BOD, NO-N NH3-N bacillus 991 exceedingrte(%/) 100.0 88.9 0.0 0.0 11.1 11.1 38.9 pollution index(PJ) 62.4 12.8 0.66 0.53 0.25 0.35 0.42 pollution mte(%) 79.1 16.2 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.5 t >5 5 2 2 1 1 2 1992 exceeding mte(%) 78.0 -33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.7 16.7 pollution index(P;) 34.0 5.6 0.12 0.53 0.25 0.53 0.61 pollution rate(%) 78.8 13.0 0.3 1.2 0.6 1.2 1.4 _ typc >5 4 1 2 1 2 3 993 exceding rtc(%) 100.0 66.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.7 pollution index(Pi) 51.5 22.2 0.08 0.5 0.25 0.32 0.61 pollution rte(%) 67.3 29.0 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.8 type >5 >5 1 2 I 1 3 1994 exceeding rate(%) 100.0 38.9 11.1 16.7 11.1 16.7 44.4 pollution index(P ) 30.9 3.6 0.50 0.52 0.38 0.43 0.57 pollution rate(%) 81.4 95 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.5 type >5 4 2 2 _ 2 3 Table 3. Major Pollution Index and PoRution Composition in the Ningyua River unit:mgAL year item Colon peroleum SS COD,& BODE N02-N NHrN I ____________ _ L bacillus "991 exceeding rate(%) 100.0 100.0 0.0 16.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 potlution index(P,) 191 19.0 0.66 0.92 1.3 0.82 1.75 pollution ae(%) 88.6 8.9 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.8 tyPe >5 5 2 3 4 3 >5 1992 exceeding rate(%) 100.A 66.7 0.0 83.3 83.3 0.0 100.0 pollufion index(P.) 238 92.6 0.40 2.0 4.5 0.28 5.86 pollution mate(%A) 69.2 26.9 0.1 0.6 1.3 0.1 1.8 type >5 >5 2 >5 >5 1 >5 1993 exceeding ratc(%) 100.0 100.0 0.0 66.7 100.0 0.0 83.3 pollution index(P1) 202 71.0 0.12 1.25 3.5 0.23 3.14 pollution rate(%e) 71.8 25.2 0.1 0.5 1.2 6.1 1.1 type >5 >5 1 4 >5 I >5 1994 exceeding rate(%) 100.0 50.0 33.3 33.3 83.3 16.7 100.0 pollution index(P;) 238 16.2 0.62 1.13 1.8 0.31 2.64 pollution mtr(ly) 91.3 6.2 0.2 04 0.7 0.1 1.1 type >5 5 2 4 5 1 >5 26 Jp Table 3.5.6 Major Pollution Index and Pollution Composition in the Nanxi River unit:mg/L year item Colon petroleum SS COD,, BOD, NO,-N NHr-N bacillus _ _ 1991 exceeding rate(%) 100.0 100.0 0.0 66.7 83.3 0.0 100.0 pollution index(P;) 238 35.2 1.02 0.96 1.92 0.21 3.54 pollution ate(%) 84.7 12.5 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.1 1.3 type >5 >5 4 3 5 1 >5 1992 exceeding rate(%) 100.0 66.7 0.0 50.0 66.7 0.0 100.0 pollution index(P,) 238 59.4 0.22 1.45 3.75 0.29 3.83 pollution rate(Yo) 77.5 19.4 0.1 0.5 1.2 0.1 12 type >5 >5 1 5 >5 1 >5 1993 exceeding rate(ff) 100.0 100.0 0.0 33.3 83.3 0.0 83.3 pollution index(P,) 202 53.0 0.08 1.10 3.75 0.22 3.54 pollution mte(Y.) 76.6 19.8 0.1 0.5 1.5 0.1 1.4 type >5 >5 1 4 >5 1 >5 1994 exceeding rate(%) 100.0 66.7 0.0 66.7 100.0 16.7 100.0 pollution indyex) 238 10.2 0.46 0.82 125 0.39 2.08 pollution rwte() 94.0 4.0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.8 >5 5 2 3 4 1 >5 Table 3.5.7 Major Pollution Index and Pollution Composition in the Xiangsijiang River unit: mgIL year item Colon petroleum SS COD,, BOD, NO,-N NHF-N bacillus SS _ 1991 exceeding rate(%) 100.0 66.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pollution index(Pi) 2.33 6.60 0.17 0.40 0.2S 0.11 0.25 pollution rate%) 19.8 56.0 1.4 3.4 2.1 1.0 2.1 type >5 4 I 2 1 1 1 1992 exceeding rate(%) 100.0 16.7 . 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pollution index(P,) 9.52 2.60 0.07 0.35 0.25 0.28 0.27 pollution rte(%) 68.0 18.6 0.5 2.5 1.8 2.0 1.9 type >5 4 I 2 1 1 2 1993 cxceeding ratc(%) 100.0 66.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.7 pollution index(P,) 13.1 20.20 0.17 0.35 0.25 0.25 0.35 pollution rate(%) 36.4 56.2 0.5 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.0 type >5 >5 1 2 1 1 2 1994 cxceeding rate(Y) 66.7 33.3 10.7 0.0 0.0 33.3 16.7 pollution index(Pi) 1.64 2.0 0.47 0.42 0.25 0.41 0.25 pollution ate(/%) 24.5 29.5 7.0 6.2 3.7 6.2 3.7 type >5 4 2 2 1 2 1 27 J 4. Assessment result and its analysis Lijiang River The above data show that the present water quality of the Lijiang River is good, most index are within the standard of Grade II surface water environment, up to the requirement of fit class protected water, that is concentrated drinking water sources and for the protection of rare fish species. But certain items such as coli and petroleum exceeded the standard in 1991-94; DO is a little too low. And that of NHrN exceeded the standard of Grade II water by a big margin. Its tributaries Field monitoring found that the water quality of Its tributaries the Taohua River, the Xiaodong River, the Ningyuan River and the Nanxi River basically exceed the standard for Grade Ill water, and it is deteriorating along with the development of pollution. For example, the index of coli and petroleum exceed the standard for Glade m water in 1991-94. In Xisodong River in 1993 only three items exceeded the standard, but it increased to 5 items in 1994. They are coli petroleum, NHrN, DO, and BOD. The values of coli, petroleum, CODa,l BOD, NO-N and NHrN all exceeding the standard by over 33.3%. The main pollutants in the Taohua River are coli and petroleum. The values of both item exceeded the standard for Grade II water in 1991-94. In 1994, the standard-exceeding ratio of DO, NHrN, CODMn, BOD, NO2-N, and SS all ineased in 1994. More items exceeded the standard in the Ningyuan River, including coli, petroleum, DO, CODm, BOD, NH3-N, all by a big margin. Standard exceeding ratio afker 1992 were all over 33.3%. Those of SS and N02-N increased from 0.0Yo in 1991-92 to 33.3% and 16.7%. Item exceeding the standard in the Nanxi River in 1991-94 included coli, petroleum, CODm, BOD, NHrN, and SS, all exceeding by over 33.3/ except that of SS. Major pollutants in the Xiangsi River were coli and petroleum in 1991-94, all exceeding A the standard for Grade III water. Standard exceeding ratio of SS, NH3-N, and N02-N increased in 1994 as compared with those in 1991. It can thus be seen that the water of rivers in Guilin City is mainly polluted by petroleum and organic matters. Major pollutants include coli, petroleum, NH3-N, NOrN, and BOD. It proves that the increase of waste water discharged is the most important factor affecting the water quality...1 Trend of the change of water qualit Fig. 3-3 reveals that the water quality of the Lijiang River has basically remained at the same level, with little variance in the 4 years. The water quality of the Xiangsi River didn't 28 vary much, but worse in 1994 than in 1991, yet still fairly clean. The Nanxi River and the Ningyuan River are seriously polluted, but the situation improved a little than in 1992 and 1993. The water quality of the Xiaodong River and the Taohua River has been deteriorating rapidly, with their pollution index values increasing, and the content of DO decreased to 2mglL. This deserves much attention. 3.6 Environmental quality of ground water (1991-94) 1 Ground water in Guilin City is of three types: karst water, pore water, and crevice water. Karst water is the major type of ground water in Guilin City, which is widely distributed, occupying 76.0% of the area of the basin. Pore water is main distributed in the alluvial terraces along the banks of the Lijiang River and the front proluvial fans. The pore water in the alluvial stratum is mainly stored in the pores of sand pebble staum, at 10-30m thick with abundant water, forming one of the major water sources. Crvice water in basement is mainly distributed around the Yaoshan Mountains in its northeast and Huachun Village in its south. As its amount is small, it cannot be used as water source. 2. Chemical composition of ground water: It mainly belongs to HCO3-Ca type with a mineralization of 100-350mg/L and the pH value of 6.5-8, total hardness 4-16.8 German degrees, and tempeature 16-22'C.. 3. Major pollutants in ground water. NO02-N. NV-N, NO3-N, MnW, T-Fe and phenol followed by COD, Total hardness, Hg, pH, Cd and Zn. 4. Analysis on the result of the assessment 9 items exceeded the standard in 1991: pH, total hardness, COD, NHr-N, NO-N, NO3- N, T Fe, Mn, and volatile phenol; 9 items exceeded the standard in 1992: pH, COD, NH3-N, N02-N, NOrN, Hg, T Fe, Mn, and volatile phenol; II items exceeded the standard in 1991: Cd and Zn; 7 items exceeded the standard in 1994: pH, total hardness, NHrN, NOrN, NO3- N, T Fe and Mn. The total area of good and fairly god underground water in the surveyed area was 270km2 in 1991, accounting for 901%/e of the total; 279km2 during high water season and 277km2 in low water season in 1992, respectively accounting for 93% and 92%/o of the total; 286.4km2 during high water season and 288.9km2 in low water season in 1992, respectively accounting for 95.A% and 96.3% of the total; 292.8km2 in 1994, accounting for 97.6% of the total. The area of fairly poor underground water in 1994 was 72km2 accounting for 2.4% of the total, mainly distributed in: a)along Wucheng-Ximen Rice Flour Mill-brewery; b) along No.3 Pharmaceutical Factory-Wanfutan Dairy, with a polluted area of 2km2; and c)Yaotou area. 29 . 3.7 Solid waste matters 3. 7.) Domestic refuse produced in the city Domestic garbage mnainly consists of organic matters, inorganic matters (broken bricks, stove dregs, and dirt) and retrievable matters. Along with the rising of people's standard of living and the popularization of liquefied gas, inorganic mattr s remarkably reduced while the proportion of organic matters and retrievable matters increased in the 90's as compared witi in the 80's. The total amount of refuse produced was lO0,OOt in 1991, of which .43,000t was treated to be harmless; 124,000t in 1992, of which 109,500t was btnsported away and 40,000t treated to be harmless; 131 OOOt in 1993, of which 120,000t was transported away and 65,000t treated to be harmless. 3.7.2 Environmental polution cowed by solid wastes Industrial solid waste in Guilin City is mainly of stove dredge and flash, plus some side products and tailings reduced through production process. There is no radioactive dredge. Because the adoption of the policy of comprehensive udlization, industrial waste maters in Guilin City was well handled and under good management Impact of solid waste in Guilin is mainly caused by domestic refuse. Because the capacity of harnless treatment is far from enough, its pollution to water, soil, and the atmosphere is becoming more and more outstanding. Lack of transporting capacity and transit stations worsens the environment of living quwters of the city inhabitants. Besides, the rapid development of small restaurants increased much garbage, which is not timely treated and is causing many cases of foul smiells. 3. 7.3 Industrial solid wastes Most of industrial solid waste maters is put into' comprehensive utilization, and the remaining part-mostly tailings and flash-is stored or buried, causing certain harnness to underground water and farm plants nearby. 3.8 Atmospheric environmental quality 3.8.1 Pollution of the xamosphere Atmospheric pollution in Guilin City is of coal smoke tpe, mainly caused by smoke discharged by factories, hotels, restaurants and stoves of city inhabitants. Major pollutants 30 JE include SO2, NOx and TSP. Coal is the main energy source in Guilin, the urban areas of the city consumed 3,998,000t of coal in 1991-94, averaging 999,5O0tWa, of which 168,800tWa was for domestic use and 830,08Wtla for industrial use. There are 14 major coal consumers in Guilin, like the Guilin Power Station, which on the average consumed 419,500t of coal in 1991-94, accounting for 50.5% of the total amnount of coal consumed by industries. 3.8.2 Amount of waste gas discharged by industries Major coal consumers discharged 9,176.65 million normal m3 of industrial waste gas in 1991-94, averaging 2,294.16 million Nm3, which contained 18,917tta of SO2 4,259t/a of smoke dust, and 3816t/a of NOx. 3.8.3 Atmospheric environmental quality The averge daily maximum concentration of SO2 in 1991-94 was 0.221-0.447mg/Nm3, exceeding the standard for Grade I atmosphere by 10.05-2135 times; the average daily value was 0.024-0.085mg/Nm3. exceeding the standard for Grade I atmosphere by 0.2-3.25 times. The aveaage daily maximum concentraion of NOx in 1991-94 was 0.054-0.129mg/Nm3, exceeding the standard for Grade I atmosphere by 0.08-1.58 times; the avenrge daily value was 0.015-0.024mg/Nm3, not exceeding the standard for Grade I atmosphere. The average daily maximnum concentration of TSP in 1991-94 was 0A80-0.720mg(Nm3, exceeding the standard for Grade II atmosphere by 1.6-2.4 times; the average daily value was 0.146-0.480mg/Nm3, not exceeding the standard for Grade II atmosphere. In all, in 1991-94, the average total pollution load of SO2 was the highest, accounting for 62.93%, followed by TSP and NOx. So SO. is the most important pollutants affecting the atmospheric environment of Guilin City. The above figures show that the average concentrations of the three items decreased as compared with previous years. But viewed from the coefficient of pollution load, that of TSP rose from 0.207 in 1991 to 0.392 in 1994; that of S02 showed a tendency of decrease, dropping from 0.718 in 1991 to 0.486 in 1994. This was the result of the increase of coal consumption, construction projects and vehicles. 3.9 Acoustic environmental quality 3.9.1 Acoustic environmental quality of Guilin City Environmental noise sources in Guilin are from traffic, daily life, industry, construction, and other noise, of which traffic and daily life are the main ones. 31 the total length of road where equivalent noise intensity exceeded 7OdB(A) in 1991 to 1994 was respectively 43.5kmn, 43.7kn, 47.84km, and 44.83hn, all taking up more than 78% of the total length of roads, the highest reached 86.7%. The area where the average equivalent noise intensity exceeded 7OdB(A) during daytime in 1991, 1993, and 1994 respectively accounted for 15.2%, 16.49%, and 8.06%; that exceeding 6OdB(A) respectively 45%, 52.02%, and 39.51%; that exceeding 55dB(A) respectively 67.8%/o, 74.6%, and 68.95%. 3.9.2 Acoustic environmental quality ofthe Guilin Prefecture Investigation over 21 tunk roads in the counties of the prefecture found 13 of them had a flow of more than 1001h vehicle, of which the ones in Lingchuan, Lipu and from Gongcheng Segment Factory to the bus station, where the flow was over 300/h, with the maximum of 6541h. The noise intensity in 9 trunk roads exceeded the controlled vale by 0.19-3.3dB(A). That of the other 12 roads was within but very near the controlled value. Though the traffic flow in most roads was not very high, the poor function of the roads, not separatng motored and non-motored vehicles caused much confusion. Some roads don't have pavement and where traffic is in still poorer order. This is the main factor for tffic noise. 3.10 Monitoring over existing environment of the area involved in the project 3.10.1 Environmental qualit around the Rong-sha Lake 1. existing surface water quality The project involves the project to replenish water for the Rong-Sha lake, the project to draw water from the Wuzhouba of the Lijiang River, and the water pass the cannel to the Rong-Sha lake, discharge to the Lijiang River on the point 300m far from the Proboscis Mountain. (1) Distribution of monitoring point There are 16 monitoring points, 6 monitoring points on lakes, 7 points on the Lijiang River and 3 points on the canal (see Fig. 3-4). (2) Items monitored and analyzed pH, SS, DO, CODm,, BOD5, CODc,. NH3-N,, TN, TP, Hg, phenol, Cr', CN, oil, Colon bacillus, smell, Chia, Transparency and color degree. (3) Standard for assessment 32 AM IV~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3-10 i A1 A;I T. - ' t a 1 33 K ZZ1;. 1 £-t.AEiS# . ! 7~ ~~~~~ / '-- d200 L=lISOm CO sl q M3/S 0 t/ j / 1 /Nwi~~~~~~~~~~ / * . . rain~~ di _seharge pipeline *' , 0/ Q-4~ ~ ~~~~~I - *t lake quA ipln d20 Ln15OmL=50 \> ;7z Tao*uajiaTig pomping ptation t a NoeZmunnnqu sewage pipeline 010'f L= 350m TSP monitoring point Noise monitorhig point A Wower and sediment monitoring point / Fig 34Monitoring Point of the Rong-Sha Lakes treating Project - 34 - - 1 Tbe assessment was carried out according to the standard for Grade II for the Lijiang River and Grade III for the Lakes set in document GB3838-88 "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard". See table 3.10.1 for the analysis of results monitored. Table 3.10.1 Environmental Quality of the Project to Replenish Water to the Rong-Sha Lake as monitored Water bodies monitoring point comprhensive pollution pollutant pollution mdcx (P) load ratio(%) replenishment project open cannel 0.64 2.03 lighly polluted t3uihu Lake inlet 4.55 18.66 seriously polluted center 3.14 17.44 seriously polluted Ronghu Lake inlet on Shangronghu lake 3.19 17.48 seriously polluted center on Shangrngbu lake 2.84 3.93 seriously polluted center on Xiaronghu lake 2.34 7.91 seriously polluted Shahe Lake inlet 2.22 7.81 seriously pollutd centcr - 2.5 8.05 seiously polluted oudet 2.5 7.62 sriously poluted the Lijisng Rive inlet of water of the lake 0.93 1.83 mediums polluted lift of the Lijiang Theae 0.4 0.53 lightly polluted center of the Lijiang heater 0.43 0.96 lightly poluted right of the Lijiang Theat 0.57 1.08 lightly polluted lift of the Proboscis Mount 0.48 1.00 lightly polluted center of the Proboscis Mouoit 0.57 1.53 lightly polluted right of the Proboscis Mount 0.77 2.14 mediums polluted Table 3.10.2 TSI Index of the Ronghn Lake and Shahe lake inlet of Lake Guihu center of Lake Guihu inlet of Lake center of Shangronghu lake TSI (Chia) 50.75 57.94 60.01 34.91 TSI (SD) 80.17 81.03 77.48 73.40 TSI (Z) 130.92 138.96 137.49 128.31 center of Lake Ronghu inlet of Lake Shahe center of Lake Shahe outlet of Lake Shahe TSI (Chia) 58.03 5820 SS.77 58.70 TSI (SD) 70.36 67.58 66.45 67.58 TSI (:) 128.39 125.78 122.22 126.28 The above data show that the supplying water quality on open cannel from the Lijiang River is lightly polluted. The items of coli petroleum and TN exceed the standard of Grade II surface water environment, and the exceeding time respectively 22.8, 2.8 and 2.04. * At present, The lakes of Ronghu lake, Guihu lake and Shahu lake is seriously polluted. The major items is coli, petroleum, TP, TN, NHrN, BOD,, DO exceed the standard of Grade IV or V surface water environment, In particular the inlet of Lake Guihu, the oil, TP, TN, 35 NH3-N and coli are seriously polluted, the values respectively 36, 17.88, 12.22, 9.1 and 23. The pollution of the lakes is basically of the following order: the Guihu Lake> the Ronghu Lake>the Shahu Lake. * The assessment result show that The right dike on the section of the Lijiang River(the part of Guilin City center) is been polluted serious than the center and the lift dikes. The water quality of Lijiang River on upstream (the Lijiang theater) is finer than on downstream (the Proboscis Mountain). * The TSI index (using Calson method) declared that the lakes all are eutrophic state, with TSI(Z) of 125 to 140. The water quality of project area is polluted seriously on lakes, the water of cannel is lightly polluted, the water of outlet of the Lake Shahu has threatened the section of Proboscis Mountain.. 2. existing ground water quality (1) Distribution of observing wells over ground water There are three observation wells near the lakes, in the Laocangxiang, Xiaojinxiang and Lijiang theater . There are three observation well near the Chongko refuse landfill too, 2 monitoring wells is drilling well and 1 spring in the reservoir area (2) Items monitored and analyzed BODs, COD, As, Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr', Cu Zn, Mn, pH, NHr-N, T-N, NO-N, and NO3-N. (3)Monitored result and analysis a)Monitored result "GB5749-85 Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water" and standard for Grade II set in "BG/T14848-93 Standard for Ground Water Quality". The result shows that except the values of pH in the spring in the reservoir area, all the other items were within the standard fro drinking water. 3. Existing atmospheric environment To compare with the Grade II standard set in document GB3095-82 "Atmospheric Environmental Standard". 36 _. . Table 3.103 Monitoring Result of the TSP of the Atmospheric Environment unit: mg/m3 Monitoring point 13th 14th ISth 16th 17th Avemage (S days) I Guihu Hotel 0.04 0.07 0.39 0.35 0.5 0.27 2 Medical College 0.04 0.10 035 0.19 0.48 0.23 3 Ronghu Hotel 0.09 0.11 0.51 0.68 1.19 0.52 4 the procurator' office 0.15 0.27 0.48 0.56 0.89 0.47 S Lijiang Hotel 0.26 0.20 0.28 0.41 0.32 0.29 6 City environmental monitoring station 0.39 0.38 0.30 10.0 1.21 0.56 7 Yongsba Hotel 0.29 0.38 0.30 0.50 1.21 0.56 8 Long-uanping road 0.19 0.30 0.55 0.59 0.89 D.S0 Table 3.10.4 Assessment Result of TSP of the Project Area Monitoring range poltu tion index exceeding exceding point ng/rn3 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th times rate(%) Guihu Hotel o.04-0.05 0.13 02 1.30 1.17 1.67 0.67 60 Medical College 0.04.0.48 0.13 0.33 1.17 0.63 1.60 0.60 40 Ronghu Hotel 0.09.1.09 .0.30 0.37 |1.70 2.27 3.97 2.97 60 the procurator' office 0.150.89 0.50 0. 1.60 I1.87 2.97 1.97 60 Lijiang Hotel 0.16.0.90 0.63 0.53 0.97 1,.50 3.00 2.00 40 City envirmnmental monitoring sttion 0.20.0.41 087 0.67 0.93 1.37 1.07 0.37 40 Yongsha Hotel 0.30-1.21 1.30 1.27 1.00 1.67 4.03 3.03 80 Longcuaping road A0.190.89 0.63 1.00 1.83 1.97 2.97 1.97 60 Ci) The values of TSP at all the monitored pints in the area of the Rong-Sha lake treating project in the urban part of Guilin City all exceeded the standard sometimes, with the maximum time for 3.03, Maximum exceeding rate for 80Y%, the most serious being at Yongsha Hotel. The maximum value monitored far higher than the value monitored from routing monitoring value (1991-1994). CD The polluted index less than o.50 is 15%, 0.5-1.00 is 30%/o and more than 1.00 is 55% on the 8 monitoring point. 4. Existing noise environment (1). Monitoring and assessment of existing atmospheric environmental quality a. Distribution of monitoring point Machines used in dredging the sediment and laying pipeline and transporting vehicles will surely produce noise to affect people's life nearby, so the construction site are chosen as the background acoustic environment. The monitoring points are arranged by the grid point 37 method with key point at highly sensitive area and road cross. altogether 17 monitoring points were chosen (see Fig 3-5). b. Standard and method of assessment The monitoring method was carried out according to document GB/T14623-93 'Urban Area Environmental Noise Monitoring Methods and "Noise for Industrial Enterprise Noise surveying" The standard for Type II for urban part and Type IV for transportation set in BG3096- 93 "Urban Area Enviromental Standard" were used,. The equivalent noise level are respectively 6OdB(A) and 70 B(A), duing day time and 50 B(A) and 55 B(A) at night time. c. result for monitoring and analysis. See table 3.10.5 for the results of assessment. The results show that the six points for trffic noise monitored all exceeded the noise standard at day time and night time. The trffic flow value are 2100-2900 /day, at 9#, 10# and I # monitoring points. The center of Guilin City has busy traffic and noise pollution was seiously. The environmental noise monitoring points is within standard at three points, the two points {5# and 6#) exceeded the noise standard, with Leq respectively 66.1 and 61 dB(A) the exceeding rte for 400%. Table 3.10.5 The results of monitoring of the noise on the project ar unit :dB(A) monitoring point ustndard mlsult monitored nslt compaed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~(Leq)__ I tbe ad front of Guihu Hotel (trffic) 70 71.7 1.7 2 Guihu restuaant (environment) 60 59.0 -1.0 3 Work Store by Guihu lake (envuonment) 60 S43 -5.7 4 Right of North gae of Guihu Hotel (traffic) 70 75.4 .+5.4 5 RightofConsmuction Bureau (environment) 60 66.1 46.1 6 right wall of Logistics Dqertment (environmct) 60 61.0 +1.0 7 road cross ncar Young League committee (traffic) 70 74.8 +4.8 8 the NE wall of oil person univarsity (environment) 60 53.7 -6.3 9 road on the gate Xinhua book shopping (traffic) 70 73.7 +3.7 10 the road near Jingui Hotel (traffic) 70 74.3 +4.3 I I road cross of Longchuanpin 70 73.8 +3.8 38 .1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~W iBer~~~~~~~~~~Dogl wDusttsu pbng Su -}2t . _ pbnt - ~ 3. J .i#xia . 2go ' sJS * *\' )aX L,mgchuanping watersupplyig Plat } gg Ha fannbnd W" szwaw ssupplyingpht . . ~~~~~~~~Ton Wy u We X CuS cl~~~~~~~ 1 2 (M -tQrcenzhcn F Fig 3- 6Location of Water Supplying Plant, Guilin City 39 4. Predicted Environmental Impact and Controlling Measures 4.1 Recognition and screening of environmental affecting factors to be assessed 4.1.1 Puwpose Factors affecting the environment at different stages and their degrees were studied according to the characteristics of the project if comprehensive enviromnent treatment of the Lijiang River and major environmental problems which might appear during the construction and operation of the project were screened out to be used as basis for key assessment. 4.1.2 Method of screening The matrix method was used in the assessment 4.1.3 Result of screening The result of the screening of the factors affecting the environment during the construction and operation of the project was listed in Table 4.1.1. 1. Major environmental problems and affecting factors (I)Raised dust, noise, and foul smell during the construction will affect the atmospheric quality and people's life, especially problem of sediment polluted. (2) The discharging water of into lake will affect the Rong-Sha lake and the water of out lake will affect It can be seen from Table 4.1.1 that the impact during the operation of the project will be mainly positive while its impact during the constuction will be mainly negative. Negative impact are manifested through the impact of construction noise to the scoustic environment and the impact of raised dust on the atmospheric environment, and the impact of transportation vehicles on the citys traffic. As the construction sites of the laying of waste water pipelines will in the downtown area of the city, the impact will be quite serious. The project of replenishing water from the Lijiang River will occupy much land, causing much impact on the vegetation, land utilization, and tourist scenarios. 4.2 Analysis of environmental impact 4.2.1 Characteristics of environmental impact The Lijiang comprehensive treatment project has positive and negative, long term and short term, reversible and irreversible, and local and extensive impact. See Table 4.2.1 for 40 t 4-1 "gtI i* Ft21 t ~ ~~~~ 4t St f /a i r s1e J i t e" -f "tE _ _1 _1 _l _1 -l 1 +1 _1 I8 _l + -1 -1-1 0 -1 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 +1 -_ -I -2 +1 -2 I-2 -18 -:-t * _ _1 -i _-_1 -1 _ _ +1 -1 +1 -1 X- -- _ -2-2-_-- __ - 2 . _ -2 -2 -2 - - _ -- -1 2 -7 -2 -2 +1 -2 -1 +1 -1 -7 - R*-1 -2 -- -2 -4 10 - -4 -2 - _7 _4 4 -24 -13 -ii -14 Jk*4-1_ m"*s~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~i 'At$$ 4,1 i* fStit -2 +3 +1 _ +1 , -2 1 |+31 *14 +13 *3 422~~~~~~~~+2+1 +3 +1 .+ +3 2 . +1 _+2 |+ t2 1 |3 +24 S^* ~+2 _ _ +2-- _ + .K.~~ 1 +2t +---r +1 +t 4 +8gF2 .+F +6 +4 +e2 +F1 +2 +3+7 _ +4 1+2 1+6 +14 ~~+13 +3 +22 41 the result of analysis. Negative impact is basically during the construction of the project, of short tenn, reversible and local, while positive impact is basically during its operation, of long term and extensive. So after the project is completed and put into operation the major impact will be favorable, though there will be local unfavorable impact. Table 4.2.1 Analysis of the Environmental Impact of the Rong-Sha Lake Treatment Project _ - ~Negative irnpact -Positivemimpac - consiuct- opera- rever- irever- local wide construc- opera- ilocal wide tion tion sive sive tion tion Cwudwatequality V VVV V Surcwow_quity _ ___ _/ _ Ana.here uvquvty V v _Xq - 4 v v - v v v Noise nviroamemt V V VV U,bmeeology % __ V City LWascape V VV V V Aquaic col1g V VV For vege v v and_use V_ V Wamc supp" quality V V rraspotatio VV __V - Soca mcn_my V V_ Heiandt V v _ v V Livbig sanda_d V v_v_v RccFeation V v v _ Aesehvic =d-ousm V 4.3 Prediction on the project's environmental effect during its construction 4.3. 1 prediction on the project's environmental effect during its construction of the project of the Rong-Sha lake treating project A the construction of the project will last a quite long timne and number of construction machines and vehicles for transpiation will be used, plus the large quantity of polluted= sediment, earth to be back filled and castaway as well as temporarily piled up construction materials, problems like consuctuon noise, raise dust, foul smell, secondary pollution, 42 4.3. preictin onthepojec 's nvirnmenal efectdurig it contrucion ftherojet o traffic blockage, and interruption of ecosystem and city landscape will have negative impact on the environment and cause much inconvenience to people's life and the environment. 1. Analysis on the enviromnental impact of the dredging of sediment on the lake bottom It is estimated that about 184,000m3 of sediment has be dug up during the construction of the project, of which large quantities of pollutants will accumulate. Thus the cleaning away, transportation and disposal of the sediment will have certain impact on the environment. a. Physical and chemical properties of sediment and major pollutants it contained * Organic content in sediment of the lakes Table 4.3.1 list the organic content of the 9 samples of sediment taken from the lakes. Table 4.3.1 Organic content in the sediment of the three lakes No. monitoring point Organic content (N) 2# inlet of the Guihu lake 10.87 3# center of tie Guihu Lake 12.96 4# inletoftheShangronghulake 7.04 5# cetr of ie Sbangoighu lake 6.68 6# center of the Xiaronghu lake 3.25 7# inlet of the Shahu lake 12.82 8# center of the Shahu lake 3.41 9# outlet of the Shahu lake 7.68 * Content of heavy metals , As and mineral oil in sediment As the three lakes have been receiving waste water from domestic sewage and industrial waste water, a certain quantities of heavy meter, As and mineral oil have entered the sediment through exchange with the lake water (table 4.3.2). 43 Table 432 Content of heavy metal and oil on the sediment of the three lakes location As oil Cr Zn Pb Hg water(/0) inkt of the Guihu lake 27.1 2180 56.8 482.7 279.6 0.1324 4.57 centerof the Guihu Lake 25.2 3015 80.2 597.7 164.9 0.1122 5.36 Wlet of the Shangronghu lake 18.5 1161 48.3 181.1 166.9 0.3158 3.58 center of the Shangronghu lake 15.9 505 60A 283.6 199.5 0.4236 4.62 center of the Xiaroogu lake 8A 965 36.5 176.3 93.1 0.3150 1.93 inlet of the Shabu lake 31.6 1489 67.1 752.3 381.8 0.2348 3.33 center of the Sbahu lake 22.3 395 61.8 330.3 330.3 0.5044 428 outlt of ft Shahu lake 23.1 1017 47.4 256.1 126.6 0.1772 1.95 * Analysis of the potential ecological risk of heavy metoals in the sediment 1. Index of potential bannfulness to the ecosystom caused by heavy metals deposited in the sediment In order to give a quantitative analysis of such risk, the potential ecological risk indeX used by the Swedish National Environmental Protection Agency and Lars Hakanson of the Pusala water quality laboratory was used in the study. Potential ecological risk (thereby refereed to as RI) is controlled and affected by the following factors: a. Concentration of heavy metals deposited in the surfice layer. he value of RI of lakes sediment with the increase of heavy metal pollution in the surface layer, b. Number of the kinds of heavy metals. The more kinds of heavy metals the bottom clay contains, the higher goes the RI value. c. Toxicity of heavy metals. Heavy metals with higher toxicity will cause higher RI value. d. 'he water body's sensitivity to heavy metal pollution. Water bodies more sensitive to heavy metal pollution have higher RI value. II. Method used for the calculation of potential harmful index (RI value). a. The determination of the single factor of contamination (CJf), Clr C,-,,j I Cf Cif- pollution coefficient of a certain heavy metal Oi,,f. - concentration of that heavy metal measured at the surface layer of the sediment C- reference value needed for calculation b. The degree of heavy metal contamination (Cd) is the sum of many heavy metal coefficient: 44 n Cd I C;f i = l c. The toxic response factor, or Tr value, can be used to show the toxic degree of heavy metals and the sensitivity of the water body to heavy metal pollution. d. The potential ecological risk factor of a certain heavy metal, or the F, value is determined in the following way: Es = 7" - C' e. The potential ecological risk index of many heavy metals in the sediment, or the RI value is determined in this way: By summing up the above we can get the following equation: R1- E f = 4 f Clf =vf f *C;ac 'C The determination of index used in the assessment a. Concentmtion of heavy metals in the surface layer of sediment The value used was the one actually measured. b. Reference values used in the calculation There are highest background value of earth before the industrialization were used as the reference value for calculation. 45 Table 4.33 Maximum Background Values of Heavy Metals before Industrialization unit: ppm Pb lZn Cr lAs jHg 70 175 90 15 0.25 *. Heavy metals assessed Toxic heavy metals Hg, As, Pb, Zn, and Cr were used in this assessment. *. Toxicity coefficient of heavy metals Heavy metals toxic coefficient provide information on heavy metal' harnfulness to human beings and the aquatic ecosystem. The sequence is like this: water-sediment- organism - fish-human body. The problem can be discussed from many angles. We mainly proceed from the "principle of element abundance" and "element releasing intensity" raised by Hakanson. That is to say, the toxicity of a certain heavy metal is related to its intensity of release, the easier a metal releases, the more toxic it is. Processing of a series of data finds out the order of the toxicity of the above five metals is: Hg > As > Pb >Cr > Zn. The standard processing of their toxic efficient determines their value as respectively: Hg=40, As=10, Pb=S, Cr-2, Zn=l. See the following tables for the results of calculation. Table 4.3.4 Potential Ecological Risk Factor Pb iZn Icr IAS Hg 5 12 10 40 *. The division between the harmfulness to ecological system of heavy metal in sediment, eclogical risk index, and degree of contamination and the relation between ecological risk index Ef: E, <25-light ecological risk 25< E, <50-medium ecological risk 5o200-extremely serious ecological risk The relation between potential ecological risk index RI and degree of contamination: Rl<95-light ecological risk 95380-very serious ecological risk 46 J Table 43.5 Values Calculated against the Highest Background Values before Industrialization Sample Location E' __ As lHg Pb Zn Cr inlet of the Guihu lake 18.1 21.2 19.95 2.76 1.26 63 center ofthe Guihu Lake 16.8 18.0 11.80 3.43 1.78 115 inlet of the Shangronghu lake 12.3 50.4 11.90 1.03 1.08 77 center of the Shangronghu lake 10.6 67.6 14.25 1.62 1.34 95 center of the Xiaronghu lake 5.6 50.4 6.25 1.01 0.82 64 inlet of the Shahu lke 21.1 37.6 27.25 4.30 1.50 92 center ofthe Shahu [Ae 14.9 80.8 23.60 1.89 1.38 109 outlet of the Shahu lake 15.4 28.4 9.05 1.46 1.06 55 The following conclusion can be drawn after assessing the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediment by using Hakanson's methods: the Ef of As, Zn and Cr contained in samples taken from the ranges 5.6-21.1, 1.01-4.3 and 0.82-1.78 respectively, posing no potential risk, the E'f value of Pb ranges from 6.65 to 27.25, just one point posting as medium ecological risk and Hg at all the points are medium ecological risk, with range from 18.0 to 80.0. For the RI of all the heavy metals, the values found at the three lakes are less than 115, so the sediment of the three lakes is light contaminated, major pollutants being Hg, two point have medium pollutants. 2 Dredging of the water way of sediment of the Rong-Sha lakes The purpose of dredging is to get rid of the pollutants in the sediment so as to remove the intend pollution sources from within the water body. Consideration should be taken not only for the feasibility and economical rationality but also for meeting environmental demands. The area of the lakes bed to be dredged is about 22.5m2, depth for 0.9m and the total investment about 6.44 million yuan, and the whole work of dredging is estimated to last three years from 1997-1999. 3 Dredging methods Dredging will be done after the lakes water is withdrawn. pollution intercepting pipes will be built first and external water sources cut up. Reaming water will be pumped out and the dredging will be done after the river bed is left to be air dried for some time. Dredging can be done all the year round. But as high temperature will intensify the volatilization of toxic gasses and rain water will wash away the sediment piled tempomarily to cause secondary pollution during the rainy season, it is recommended to dredge the lakes 47 bed in the dry season. As the earthwork to be dug is not very much but the dredging site will stretch a long distance through densely populated inhabitant quarters, the construction nit has decided to carry out the dredging by both men and machines. Because there are center of city, if dredging by men, the progress will be slow in this way, it will cause more disturbance to the people living nearby as there will be more foul smell and jam traffic. 4 Analysis of the environmental impact during the dredging (I) Analysis on noise pollution Machines like excavators, bulldozers and transporting vehicles used in the process of dredging will produce noises of high levels affecting surrounding enviromnent, especially sound sensitive areas. Investigation found excavators, bulldozers and loading machines can produce noise 95dB(A), and the engineer starting of heavy trucks can produces noise 95dB(A). The following formulas can be used to calculate the weakening of these noise sources as the distance from them increases: L1=L1-201gY2/yl- A L In which: -,, y2-distance from noise source, m Li, L2-noise level at the distance of zy, 72, dB(A) & L-influence of buildings, trees, etc. on noise, dB(A) Calculation finds out that for a noise source with a level of 95dB(A), the noise level can still reach 68dB(A) at the distance of 20m from it, 62dB(A) at 40m, 58dB(A) at 60m, 57dB(A) at 80m, and 54dB(A) at 100m. According to the standard for Type I area in the "Standard for Urban Area Enviromnental Noise Levelr, that is inhabitant, cultural and educational quarters, noise level there should be below 55dB(A) during day time; for Type 11 area, that is inhabitant, commercial, and mixed industrial quarters, it should be below 6OdB(A). According to this, the sensitive places along the Rong-Sha lakes will be affected, and the noise level in these places, the Guihu Hotel, Ronghu Hotel, and Dangui Hotel all exceed the noise standard, if these place increase new noise resource, will exceed more. (2)1mpact of temporarily piled sediment to the environment If not transported away in time, the sediment piled along the lakes bank will produce foul smell, form raised dust when aired dry and blown by wind, and be washed to spread by rain water and cause secondary pollution to surrounding soil, water bodies, ground water and the atmnosphere through soaking, seeping, leaching, and volatilization. Thus toxic substances and causative agents will spread through the medium of water and the atmosphere. Observation has found that the surface of sediment containing 200%e of water piled along the bank of the lakes will become dry in a few days. With a wind of a speed of 2.5 m/s, TSP in 48 Jw l the raised dust from the sediment pile can affect as far as 150m in the lowered direction. Within that range the concentration of TSP in the atmosphere may reach 490 li gfm3, about 1.6 times of the standard for Grade II of environmental atmospheric quality. Without rain, part of the 20% of water contained in the sediment will evaporate into the atmosphere, part will soak through the bottom of the pile to flow to low lying places to spread its pollutants. In case 50% of the water soaks out, there will be altogether about 20,000m3 of soakage, which will contain 800-2000 mg/L of BOD and 1600-l0,O0OmgtL of COD, forming a serious secondary pollution source. Heavy rain or storm will wash away all the sediment piled, thus causing more serious secondary pollution. This equals shifting the polluted sediment to the ground surface to be disseminated to larger areas and it will be almost impossible to "gather it up" again. sediment piled up along the lakes bank also affects the landscape of the city if not removed in time. Investigation found out the foul smell it gives out can reach the 4th grade, (Intensity of foul smell can be divided into 6 grades from grade 0 to grade 5: grade 3 gives out obvious foul smell; grade 4 gives out strong foul smell; and gade 5 is extremely foul.) producing very unpleasant sensation. Ihe foul smell is caused by substances like ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, volatile alcohol, and acid produced in the anaerobic decomposition of organic matters contained in the sediment. (3) Impact of discharge water to environment of the Lijiang River during dredging period Dredging will be done after the lake water is withdrawn durng dry season. the total water value is 337,500m3, with lake area for 22500Gm2, depth l.5m. If the discharge method is unreasonable, it will impact the Lijiang River once-off. Because the water value of the Lijiang River is rich, so once-off impact is not influenced the water quality of the river * Discharge from outlet of the Shahu lake The water of Rong-Sha lakes discharge from the outlet of the Shahu lake by gravitational flow, intercepting inflow water at inlet of Guihu lake, so no impact on the water quality of the Lijiang River. * Discharge water by pump The water of Rong-Sha lakes discharge from outlet of the Shahu Lake by pumping water, with flow value Im3/s, the pumping velocity is fit input flow, so it has no impact on the water quality of the Lijiang River. * Discharge water in two days According the three lakes value, if we need to discharge water on two days, the pumping velocity is 2-3m3/s and continue pumping on two days. The velocity maybe little 49 fast than normal during wet season, so it has no impact on the Lijiang River. 5 Environmental effect during the transportation of bottom clay The following enviromental impact will be cause during the transportation of sediment: (1) Poor sealing during transportation or the sediment being too thin will cause droppings along the transpiration route to harm the enviromnent. (2) Vehicles transporting sediment will add to the crowdedness of traffic. It is recommended that the following measures be taken in the transportation of sediment a. Use well sealed garbage vehicles or ordinary trucks lined with double weaned cloth and covered with tarpaulin to prevent sediment from dropping out; b. Directly load the sediment dug up into transportation vehicles during machine operation so as to reduce its chance to touch the ground at the construction site; c. Statistics from road traffic noise monitoing found: Normal vehicle flow of the area is about 700-2,500/h. A total of 150 vehicle times/d will be used to trnsport the sediment, adding about 6% thc normal traffic flow. It is suggested that sediment trnsportation be done before and after nornal working hours of the day and at night so as to reduce the pressure on.taffic. 6 Utilization of bottom clay as a resource for forests (1) Feasibility The total amount of sediment of the Rong-Sha lakes to be piled is about 184,000m3 according to the Municipal Environmental Monitoring Station of Guilin. The Administration of the lakes holds that sediment dug up can be used as fertilizer for lawns and trees (but not for farn fields) and for hygiene land filling. The sediment of the lakes contains much organic mattas and many trace elements besides the three main elements of contained in fertilizer. N, P, and K. It can be used as fertilizer for forests to raise the soil's fertility and raise forestry production. (2) Secondary pollution in fertilizing forests and its preventive measures The shifting of chemical elements in soil is mainly canied by water. Washing and elevation by rain water will move pollutants contained in the sediment through surface runoff and seepage, the former causing surface soil pollution along its way and the latter carries pollutants into the subsoil. Organic matters and oxidizes of Fe, Al and Mn will be fixed in the layer 20-30cm deep through absorption and complexion. So proper amount of sediment used as fertilizer for forests will not damage the soil or polluted ground water. The above analysis shows that the prevention of runoff pollution through rain water so SO~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' - l elevation and washing is the key link of techniques required. It should be point out that sediment transported to the botanical garden should be used in time, otherwise it should be pilled in a planned way, with lining below and cover above to prevent it from being washed away to pollute surface water or producing raised dust to pollute the atmpsphere. two preventive measures: 1. Burial -dig a hole around the tree root, fill in bottom clay used as fertilizer, and then cover the top with a layer of earth 10-15cm deep; 2. Covering up- cover the bottom clay used as fertilizer around the tree with plastic sheet and tug its edge into earth to prevent the bottom clay from being elevated or washed away by rain water. 7. Sediment used for landfill and prediction its environmental impact The sediment of the lakes can to be used for sanitary landfill on Chongko sanitary refuse landfilL according the original plan by the feasibility report suggested. The Chongko refuse landfill is located on south-west of Chongko village of Lingui country. The designed capacity of Chongko refuse landfill is 5Ot/d and the duration of use will be 20 years, the total amount of domestic refuse disposed can reach 4,562,000 t. The amount of sedinent of three lakes is 184,000t, only 3.9%/o of total amount capacity. The sediment can be used for background soil, because its RI is light pollution. 4 3 2 Prediction and awlysis impact of the sewage pipeline project on environment 1. Prediction on the impact during construct Drilling machines, excavation machines, loading machines and vehicles will be used in the construction, whose noise intensity is 90-95dB(A). Calculation found out that the noise level in inhabitant, cultural, education commercial and mixed industrial quarters will exceed the Grade II of noise standard set in GB3096-93 "environmental noise standard for urban area". 2. Most of the construction will adopt the method of underground pipe-jacking. After the open slot construction, the earth can be used for ground or road leveling. As the earth to be cast away is just local earth, its dropping during construction will cause no other pollution except raised dust. 3. All the waste water pipeline will be laid at the sides of the existing road. There is no necessity to block traffic along the direction of the pipelines. But the piling of refilling earth and laying of the pipes will occupy certain part of the bicycle lane and the pavement. When a pipeline cross a road, in most cases a hole will be dug under the base of the road instead of opening up the road surface. But vehick with heavy load have to be prohibited to pass for a short period. These two factors will have some impact on traffic, especially in Liwulu road and Zhunshalu and Nanmen Bridge Sl . 4. Concrete pipe, and castaway earth and so on piled along the road of construction site will affect the landscape of the city and cause some damage to the green land and trees, causing some harm to ecological environment. Possible enviromnental problems during the construction can be reduced by taking proper measures such as putting up enclosures around constrution sites, avoiding transportation in rush hours, and strengthening the management and shortening construction period. 4.3.3 Prediction amd impact of pumping stations environment On Rong-Sha lake trating project, a designed pumping station and supplying pipe is located on Taohuajiang River. The pumping station is used for change water of lakes as the lake' water quality is eutruphication and serious, for keeping water quality of lakes. The machine and trasportation during construction of the pumping station will be produce noise, heavy trffic, raised dust, and the constuction site is located in the center of the city, so we suggest that it is recommended to carry out the transporton before and after normal working hours so as to reduce the pressure on traffic, and not work at night to reduce noise level. 43A prediction and analysis of the impact on ecological environment The construction of the project involved a canter in the city sensitive urban part, where several major street will be dug with a total 2.6kn. At the same time the pipeline of construction garbag, sediment, castaway eart, and the temporary construction huts and camps, storage sheds will all affect the city's landscape. A certain number of land and trees will be damaged to cause damage to ecological environment 4.4 Analysis of the environmental impact of building removal and inhabitants resettlement This project of Rong-Sha lakes treating project just involved existing lakes, parks and roads, has no building removal and inhabitants resentlement 4.5 Prediction on the environmental impact during the operation of the project This assessment is to have a proper understanding of the overall environmental impact of the project, we give a analysis from the local viewpoint and put attention on the Lijiang River. 52 4.5.1 Prediction on the reduced loading amount The Rong-Sha lakes brating project includes two subprojects: intercepting waste water subproject and dredging sediment subproject. The target of the two subprojects are cut external pollution load and reduced the inner pollution load. When the project will be reduced the pollution load mostly during operation, and reduced the discharge load into the Lijiang River. (I) Predication on reduce inner pollution load Table 4.5.1 is the amount of reduced pollution load Table 4.5.1 Predication on reduce inner pollution load __________ watr(%Y) As |mnemi oil |Ar Z Pb Hg |TN TP -oe/ *of pollutantin sedimtnt 8.11 21.5 1341 57.3 382.. 217.8 0.277 5020 1480 __ _ __ ,_ 1_ _ amount of reduced polhuion load 10't 14.9 4 246.7 10.5 70.4 40.1 0.05 _9,236.8 2723 reduced aoimutonunmtat akgn2 12 110 5 _31 18 2 j4120 1210 (2) prediction on release of N and P If the interception waste water project has been completed, but the dredging sediment projct have not been designed, that the Lake Rong-Sha still can be eutrophication. Because part of most of the nutrient salt fiom various sources will settle down in the bottom of the lake and fron the inner load of nutrient salt of the lake through a senes of physical, chemical, and bio-chemical action. And when the environmental condition of the lake changes, the nutrient salt in its sediment will be released into the water body again. The load of N and P is usually high in city lakes because of long time accumulation. When these exist external pollution sources, such internal load only exerts notable effect during certain seasons or timne. But when the external pollution sources are totally cut off, the nutrient salt will gradually be released and cause eutrophication of the lake. Therefore, it is of much importance to study the behavior of the nutrient salt in lake sediment. The release of N and P in lake sediment is of different mechanism. The release of N is release to the degree of the oxidizing decomposition of the nutria in the sediments, while the release of P is related to the form of its chemical precipitation. This is because these exist in sediment diffact kinds of nitrides. Which are interchangeable under certain circumstances. Different forms of N have different release capacity. As for S, many of the phosphates insoluble. Release occurs only when these are favorable conditions for the solution of phosphate perceptible. 53 Normally the releases nutrient salt first enters the interstitial water of the sediment, then gradually diffused to the surface and to the water covering it, effecting the eutrophication of the water body of the lake. The amount of P release in the sediments of the lake Dianchi from July to August, 1994 is about 2.65mg/m2.d and the amount of TN is 37.2 mg/m2-d. This experiment is not done in this assessment, so we used the data of Lake Dianchi to assessment on release of N and P of sediment of three lakes. The assessment show that the amount of release of TP is 596.3 g/d, TN 8370g/d, this is a seriously pollution for the three lakes. 4.5.2 Prediction on amosnt of reduced external pollution load (1) The amount of reduce external pollution load After the project has completed, the amount of the point load, the non-point load and fishing all cut, the amount of this pollution load are zero. W.&-_= W _dp' WA._j The reduce amount include reduce amount of point pollution and non-point pollution loads plus the reduce amount of pollution load from river water. (2) Prediction on not canrying out the project At present, the Lake Rong-Sha is seriously polluted and is eutrophication lake. Ihe items coli, oil, TP, 'TN, NH3-N, and BOD5 all exceed the Grade IV or V of water quality standard, and at the outlet of the Shahu Lake, the water quality is worse than the center and against side of the Lijiang River, The above assessment show that the Rong-Sha lakes is affected the Lijiang River. With the developing of the city economy, the population and tour will increase, and the industry will increase too, so the lakes Rong-Sha will became more and more seriously, if the lakes were not treated and the pollution load will increase. According the plan of the Guilin City, the amount of the waste water of the city on 2015 will be 3 times of 1994 year, and the amount of domestic waste water will be 2.4 times. This prediction used 2.4 times of waste water discharged into the lakes. Table 4.5.2 The prediction of the total amount of city's waste water unit: I 00OOtla yer Total Industrial waste water domestic waste waer disdbrged into lakes 1994 S410 2913 2497 739 20000tld 2000 8441 4898 3543 1035 28000t/d 2010 13476 8362 5114 1494 41000t/d 54 2015 6721 110749 15972 11745 48000t/d Table 4.5.3 prediction on the amount of waste water (no project) year discharged into the Lakes BODs COD SS NH3-N TP 1994 2000Wt/d 0.23 n3/s 0.863 1.855 1.580 0.188 0.134 2000 2800Wt/d 0.32 m3/s 1.208 2.597 2.212 0.263 0.193 2010 410OOtId 0.47 m3is 1.768 3.803 3.239 0.386 0.283 2015 4800Ot/d 0.56 m3/s _2.070 I4AS2 3.792 0.452 10332 4.S.3 prediction on the improve of water quality The prediction used the formula COD and Chla *COD equation ACOD = 27.5SP , t>l ACOD 2L3N,W07, 0.1 ZtS1 AODD -14DN,°'7" M. 0. I *Chia equation CAb 683NW'W, t>0.1 Cha = 447P4l', tc0.1 , is a fitor, when TNITP211, N2TP; if TNn the Ronghu Lake > the Shahu Lake. The assessment result show that The right dike on the section of the Lijiang River (the part of Guilin City center) is been polluted serious than the center and the lift dikes. The water quality of Lijiang River on upstream (the Lijiang theater) is finer than on downsteam (the Proboscis Mountain). The TSI index (using Calson method) declared that the lakes all are eutrophic state, with TSI(E) of 125 to 140. 73 The water quality of project area is polluted seriously on lakes, the water of cannel is lightly polluted, the water of outlet of the Lake Shahu has threatened the section of Proboscis Mountain.. 2. Solid waste The total amount of domestic refuse produced was 13 1,OOOt in 1993, of which 120,000t was transported away and 65,000t treated to be harmless. Industrial solid waste in Guilin City was well handled and under good management, because the adoption of the policy of comprehensive utilization. Impact of solid waste in Guilin is mainly caused by domestic refuse. Because the capacity of harmless treatment is far from enough, its pollution to water, - soil and the atmosphere, and lack of transporting capacity and transit stations is becoming more and more outstanding. Besides, there is industrial solid waste. 3. Quality of atmospheric environment The average daily concentration of SO2 and NOx (in 1991-1994) was not exceeding the standard for Grade I atmosphere and TSP not exceeding the standard for Grade n atmosphere. But the average daily maximum concentration of SO2, NOx and TSP was exceeding the standard for Grade I and Grade n. The concentration of TSP was exceeding the standard for Grade II according the monitoring of the project's area in 1996, and the maximum exceeding rate was 80%/o. the quality of atmospheric enviromnent was good on the area of replenishment project. 4. Acoustic environmental quality of the Guilin region Traffic and daily life noise are main environmental noise sources in Guilin. The road equivalent noise intensity exceeded 3dB(A) for standard of 'Urban environmental noise standard" during daytime, and the length of was 44.83km taking up more than 780/h of the total length of roads. The area where the average equivalent noise intensity exceeded 7OdB(A) during daytime was 8.06%; that exceeding 6OdB(A) 39.51%; that exceeding 55dB(A) 68.95% in 1994. This was reveals that the noise pollution was serious in Guilin City, so noise will have impact on people's life. The traffic and local noise was not exceeded standard on the area of replenishment project by monitoring in 1996. After assessing the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediment by using Hakanson's methods can be drawn the conclusion: the Ef of As, Zn and Cr contained in samples taken from the ranges 5.6-21.1, 1.014.3 and 0.82-1.78 respectively, posing no potential risk, the E'f value of Pb ranges from 6.65 to 27.25, just one point posting as medium ecological risk and Hg at all the points are medium ecological risk, with range from 18.0 to 80.0. For the RI of all the heavy metals, the values found at the three lakes are less than 115, so the sediment of the three lakes is light contaminated, major pollutants being Hg, two point have medium pollutants. 74 l 92 The factor of project's environmental impact The negative impact of the project is basically during the construction of the project, of short term, reversible and local, while positive impact is basically during its operation, of long term and extensive. So after the project is completed and put into operation the major impact will be favorable, though there will be local unfavorable impact. 1. Raised dust, foul smell and noise will have impact on the atmospheric quality and people's life. The laying of pipelines and the construction of water drawing tunnels, the collecting and transporting of construction refuse will have much impact. 2 The discharging water of into lake will affect the Rong-Sha lake and the water of out lake will affect 93 Assessment on environmental impact during its construction This is a environmental treatment project involving intercepting industrial waste water, water replenishing,. It involves a large scale and will last a fairly long time. A number of machines shall be used and large amounts of garbage, backfilling earth, and construction material shall be piled for some time. So noise, foul smell, trffic jams, secondary pollution and so on will affect the city's landscape and people's life. 1. Noise will be produced in different stages of construction. Measures should be taken to avoid construction at night. 2. It is better to transport away sand and pollutants directly. Care should be taken in loading to avoid droppings and prevent pollutants from touch the ground. Construction should be carried out in a civilized way to prevent secondary pollution. 3. Transportation should have covers and construction sites should have enclosures, and water should be sprinkled on piled earth and bottom clay dug up so as to reduce the impact of rised dust. Management should be strengthened to shorten the construction period. 4. Transportation needed for the construction should avoid rush hours so as to reduce its impact on the city's traffic. 5. Management of temporarily piled construction material and sediment should be strengthened to reduce possible secondary pollution, The above mentioned environmental impact is of short tern and reversible. Proper measures can reduce it to the minimum degree. 9.4 Assessment on environmental impact during its operation The project's environmental impact during its operation is mainly positive, manifested in its improvement of the water environment of the Lijiang River and Rong-Sha Lakes and the ecoenvironment of the city. This will greatly improve the city's investment environment and promote its economic development. I. Impact on the water environment of the Lijiang River 75. At present, the Lake Rong-Sha is seriously polluted and is eutrophication lake. The items coli, oil, TP, TN, NH3-N, and BOD5 all exceed the Grade IV or V of water quality standard, and at the outlet of the Shahu Lake, the water quality is worse than the center and against side of the Lijiang River, The above assessment show that the Rong-Sha lakes is affected the Lijiang River. After intercepting waste water, the amounts of reduce load of external pollution resource of discharge into lakes are respectively BOD, for 1.2tId, COD 2.6tId, SS 22ttd, NH3-N 0.263ttd and TP 0.193t/d. After dredging sediment, the amounts of reduce loads of inner pollution resource of three lakes are As 0.4t, Zn 1.05t, Pb 4t, Hg 5kg, TN 923t and TP 272t, and reduce release amount of TP is 596.3gId, TN 8370g/d. The amounts of reduce pollution load of external and inner resources can be calculated for reduce amount of discharged into the Lijiang River. The project cut its pollutants from the city's domestic waste water, playing an certain role in protecting and improving the water environment and ecoenvironment of the Lijiang River. According monitored, the Lijiang River has been affected the discharged water from the three lakes. Prediction point out that the discharged water wilH not affect the water quality of Lijiang River, and the water quality of outlet of Shahu Lake will be good, after operation of the project. 2. Impact on the water quality of the Rong-Sha Lakes -we used the data of Lake Dianchi to assessment on release of N and P of sediment of three lakes. The assessment show that the inner pollutants of load of amount of release of TP is 5963 g/d, TN 8370g/d, this is a seriously pollution for the three lakes. The external pollutant load of the amount of the point load, the non-point load and fishing all cut, the amount of this pollution load are zero after the project has completed. The reduce amount include reduce amount of point pollution and non-point pollution loads plus the reduce amount of pollution load fron river water. With the developing of the city economy, the population and tour will increase, and the industry will increase too, so the lakes Rong-Sha will became more and more seriously, if the lakes were not treated and the pollution load will increase. According the plan of the Guilin City, the amount of the waste water of the city on 2015 will be 3 times of 1994 year, and the amount of domestic waste water will be 2.4 times. This prediction used 2.4 times of waste water discharged into the lakes. The data calculated point that the COD monitored in the Rong-Sha lakes is high, exceed Grade IV of water quality standard, if the lakes can be supplied water from the Taohuajiang River or the cannel of the Lijiang River, the water quality will be improved, but still need dredging sediment. 3. Impact on the city's ecoenvironment Guilin City is a famous tourist city. The treatment project will improve the water quality of the lakes, cut the inner and extemnal poDlution resource, and exchange the lake's water, so can improve the environment of the lakes and surrounding. thus basically solve heavy 76 pollution areas of the city, especially the central part of the city and protect the landscape of the city. 9.5 The environmental impact of building removal and inhabitants resettlement This project of Rong-Sha lakes treating project just involved existing lakes, parks and roads, has no building removal and inhabitants resettlement 9.6 Benefit of the Roug-Sha Lakes treating project The Rong-Sha lakes treating project is a project that will improve the environmental ecology, beneficial to people's health. The major benefit of the project is that it will solve the problems of eutrophication and water quality serious from which the lake has been suffering for many years. It will improve and landscape of the city, providing conditions for gathering and treating industrial waste water along the lakes, so as to improve the environmental quality of the down areas of the Lijiang River and the Proboscis maintain area, and people's living conditions. The amount of waste water gathered and treated by the project will account for 20000tWd. That will greatly reduce the pollution load of the Lijiang River for BODS 0.86t/d, COD 1.86tld, SS 1.58t/d and TP 0.13t/d, and greatly improve its water environment. The water quality will be improved, eutrophication will be controlled, the surrounding will be improve and soul smell will be put out, and the tourism price of the city will be grown during the operation. 9.7 Public participation The public participation of the project involves the whole Guilin city, so the scope of the investigation carried out includedthe area along the construction of engineering project. Institutions investigated included the People's Congress, the members of the political Consultative Conference especially fanners, ordinary inhibitions of the area affected by the project. The result showed that 90%1/ of the investigated people supported the construction of the project, 95% of the inhabitants said they coultd understand the short impact of the construction of the project, if the removal of the houses and resettlement of the inhabitants are carried properly with proper policies, they will support the project of the prevail interest. To sum up the Rong-Sha Lakes Treating Project of Guilin is an environmental protection project will bring remarkable environmental benefit, social benefit and economic benefit. The project will impact environmental and inhabitants of the project's area during construction, but the above mentioned environmental impact is of short term and reversible. Proper measures can reduce it to the minimum degree acceding the EIA statement. The project's environmental impact during its operation is mainly positive, manifested in its improvement 77 . of the water environment of the Lijiang River and its tributaries and the ecoenvironment of the city. This will greatly improve the city's investment environrnent and promote its economic development. .71 78 ,H44~ a) A XH ' R FH 41 * HIam M . mMA ''v '44M A -Am mabiws . X l*Ms 4I.4GU' Z mi$* ;6 nD!1+ In U ~ ~ ~ 1 Ii S1 ! , 1r 1 40.4 oAl ' : e du 1d q # att <(t Alu kl## 9 s '~~~~~~~~~~4 i,k . Wil AA.A _ W t if t * N u ,¢. 1 +~~~~ lit. 4u( uW# kut rS~~~* St *14 ONl W-.' .4 W. NW .M-h1 Pt4* 0.f 4Su'bH W .9 i 4 < to ,{ F S *' 1tQ *\ :13 b kW v 4,AS.'4J §*~ ~~ Ong 1K -| wl g i,.t 4e Kgiu .8, S~~~~~~~ 19 It PA -MIN t" tS Di 11 il }t 4. . X e % 1 fi ig Q , \S * MbW -.S-W z*i . Du 1X . 1h b ~~~_' 4 bg\¢s : :: | | * gas~~~~~~~~~~3e111: llf*- t' ' A ~~~~~t~IW {9 .4I4 IEt .,, . ~~~~~~0 LI t U-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 -ql W4 41 V o Bl4 V >FW $ * A@4WBThrX-g{X##XEf X *Tw 4 114 w I ~Th'1 44i U1W k@>i ° Wb£+ 9 (9661) -i-tl [96611tW TEL Wd}X1BtgNx .~~~~~~~~~r -i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~L ~ o -- iER 4I!4 p 9 F * 41 titi b1 H E~ty ~ - i:§t A VB i f * 0 Mv t l-; t, Ptq Po A 0, tt -$gS+4-@D 49I- lifgH W f 014S 0I9 fIt^tk?'~~~~~~~~~~~ LeaXia O l- rI -5T (M 1199613047 § w pno .- -/+ * vm - it * I 1~ r 5tt M- E F3 1996*5+ X19 BfPA t 4 tt s k Pt TRA wi t ,A't[1996]0474§ I4{itiE4 gStwt%@fiwSt^$i 1996IV44,45, 46,47,49749r o * , X t' Iff t JN 4 a~~~ ,,W& T ii ft A iR PIt ir* " A TtE++g X* t 7ff i _, j*ws¢ jtIt*e8:t A(ttF~t, IiJ L ,*i 3ti&+ t*f8 i f K 4 A ° p 9 9 A - tiM"Ft%w B eS ~~~~~~~~~~~40d#t I j AMI w§v WT X 9t gm rp q 1E + .t S1 g? na i4 fitJ 1 a] Et Fto A I 0 F*;it Jo ffi-9 DC if , 6 A zl t; 4 VA o I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~f .O. s#s^4*,,0 _'C z ,- , {t ;H 1A ft~96 3O (L996f J - iVE M3W*9-MM4 AEt[Tl 'i'%9;r-L;rTB3 38-S8 3' ,(.A) CJ3025-93; 4 . Cl 18-86; *~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - l 5 ' 0B12941-91 I GB 085749-85; 2 ( 0BS084-92 3' akiX Fift) 089137-88; 4 3 083096-93 6 CJJ41-93 l F (E*"\W F*9*;7 CJI8-86 83B338-88 { * i*§t Z ^ t^it t I ' cr5**A* -F*ti7k*?M)) CJI8-86;. 2 - 08tt gt}O14554-93. " ((utw*kerw**Fw*)>&, C13025-93; 2- 081 jmg;!2%t a4554-93: 3 > tiC/it-wg )Cfi 18-86 . (FL)* TEk3I i a( (fltAi *T4*w)> Co's -n6 t e1t S ~~14 y' h ll . -! 1> g U,% i 'iiI I . I 1 U