E-363 REPUBLIQUE TUNISIENNE WATER SECTOR INVESTMENT LOAN PRET AUX INVESTISSEMENTS DU SECTEUR DE L'EAU SECTORAL ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS ANALYSE ENVIRONNEMENTALE SECTORIELLE April 2000 - --UURRINK INTERNATIONAL CONSULTANTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT REPUBLIQUE TUNISIENNE WATER SECTOR INVESTMENT LOAN PRET AUX INVESTISSEMENTS DU SECTEUR DE L'EAU SECTORAL ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS ANALYSE ENVIRONNEMENTALE SECTORIELLE April 2000 INTERNATIONAL CONSULTANTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT America Europe Africa 1436 Layrnan Street De Bongerd 31 B.P. 6584 McLean, VA 22101, USA 7041 GK 's Heerenberg. Netherlands Yaoundk, Cameroun Phone: 1 (703) 847 2604 Telefoon: 31 (314) 350 477 TIphone: (237) 30 53 37 Fax 1 (703) 847 2605 Fax :11.31 314) 666 040 Fac (237) 30 53 37 E-mail: buursink@aol.com K. van K. Enschede: 33256320 E-mail: eyete@camnet.cm I I Il WATER SECTOR INVESTMENT LOAN SECTORAL ENVIRONNEMENTAL ANALYSIS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..................................................1 I. POLICY, INSTITUTIONAL, AND LEGAL CONTEXT .2 A. Policy context .2 B. Institutional context .2 C. Legal context .3 H. WATER SECTOR INVESTMENT LOAN (WSIL) ..................................................4 A. Objectives of WSIL ..................................................4 B. Components of WSIL .................................................4 mU. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT OF WSIL ............................6.....................6 A. Ecosystems and ecological regions of Tunisia ..................................................6 B. Pressure on the natural environment ..................................................7 IV. APPLICABLE WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES ..................................................9 A. Safeguard Policy 4.01 Environmental assessment .9 B. Safeguard Policy 4.04 Natural habtats .10 C. Safeguard Policy 4.09 Pest management .10 D. Safeguard Policy 4.11 Cultural property .10 E. Safeguard Policy 4.20 Indigenous people .11 F. Safeguard Policy 4.30 Involuntary resettlement .11 G. Safeguard policy 4.36 Forestry .11 H. Safeguard Policy 4.37 Safety of dams .11 I. Safeguard Policy 7.50 Projects on international waterways .12 J. Safeguard Policy 7.60 Projects in disputed areas .12 V. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF WATER SECTOR INVESTMENTS ............................ 13 A. Indicative environmental impacts of irrigation development ............................................... 13 B. Indicative environmental impacts of ground water management ........................................ 15 C. Indicative environmental impacts of rural drinking water supply ...................................... 15 VI. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR WSIL ...................................................... 16 A. Environmental management in the water sector in general . .16 B. Environmental management in irrigation development . .17 1. Studies and analyses required in irrigation development - soil resources .17 2. Studies and analyses required in irrigation development - water resources .18 3. Institutional/legal measures required in irrigation development .19 4. Public information required in irrigation development .22 C. Environmental management in groundwater management . .23 1. Institutional/legal measures required in groundwater management .23 2. Public information required in groundwater management .23 D. Environmental management in rural water supply .24 E. Synopsis of the Environmental Management Plan of WSIL .25 V]II. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN OF WSIL . 26 A. Institutional responsibilities for EMP implementation ............................................ 26 B. Integration of EMP into project design .27 C. Cost estimate of EMP .............................. 28 D. Environmental monitoring of EMP .............................. 33 ANNEXES ................................ 34 Annex 01 Abbreviations Annex 02 Bibliography Annex 03 Persons consulted Annex 04 Mandate of the Ministry of Environment and Land Use Planning Annex 05 ANPE - Decree 91-362 regulating EAs Annex 06 Draft TORs for water resource studies Annex 07 Min. of Agriculture participatory perimeter planning LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Project component - Irrigation Management ..............................................................5 Figure 2 Project component - Groundwater Management .............................................................. 5 Figure 3 Project component - Drinking Water Supply ..............................................................5 Figure 4 Bioclimatic regions and socio-agro-economic zones of Tunisia . ........................................... 8 Figure 5 Environmental impacts of irrigation development and their mitigation ............................... 14 Figure 6 Environmental impacts of ground water management and their mitigation ......................... 15 Figure 7 Water availability and water use in Tunisia ............................................................. 17 Figure 8 Budget for regional environmental assessment of the Medjerda valley .............. ................. 19 Figure 9 Environmental procedures in irrigation management ........................................................... 21 Figure 10 Summary of CITET training activities in 2000 ............................................................. 22 Figure 11 Synopsis of the Environmental Management Plan of WSIL ............................... ................. 25 Figure 12 Institutional responsibility for implementation of the EMP of WSIL ............... ................... 26 Figure 13 Integration of the EMP into the project ........................ ..................................... 27 Figure 14 Cost of the EMP of WSIL ............................................................. 28 Figure 15 Budget for systematic rapid assessment of soil salinization in irrigated areas ........... .......... 29 Figure 16 Budget for systematic rapid assessment of other forms of soil degradation ......................... 29 Figure 17 Budget for a National Master Plan for Water Pollution Management .................................. 30 Figure 18 Budget for inventory of sources of water pollution ............................................................. 30 Figure 19 Budget for establishment of a national network to monitor water quality ............................ 30 Figure 20 Budget for role of Government agencies responsible for management of water pollution.. 31 Figure 21 Budget for re-use of treated waste water in aquifer recharge and irrigation ......................... 31 Figure 22 Budget for training of DGGR/DGRE staff in Environmental and Social Assessment ......... 32 Figure 23 Budget for review and update of environmental clauses in contracts ................................... 32 Figure 24 Budget to improve public awareness of and participation in EAs ........................................ 32 I I I INTRODUCTION This report' provides an environmental analysis of the Water Sector Investment Loan (WSIL) in Tunisia, which is considered a sector environmental analysis in line with the sectoral nature of the project. The report is based on brief field analysis and review of documentation on the environmental aspects of WSIL available in the project files. After introductory chapters, World Bank Safeguard Policies have been presented as a framework for the analysis of the environmental impacts and preparation of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). Safeguard Policies also constitute a basis to assess the significance of specific environmental impacts. The impact analysis identifies the major direct and indirect environmental impacts of the project, but does not explicitly identify social issues. The EMP addresses the major impacts and identifies concrete follow-up actions. However, the EMP is not only to ensure compliance with Safeguard Policies, but is also in response to other impacts. In particular, the EMP includes actions designed to directly benefit environmental management of Tunisia's water sector. The EMP also covers the implementation aspects: the institutional arrangements, budget estimates, and monitoring and evaluation of all proposed actions. The report was prepared by John Buursink, environmental planner, under contract with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN. The analysis was guided by Shobha Shetti, Economist, World Bank and Marc Bral, TCIE, FAO. I I I I. POLICY, INSTITUTIONAL, AND LEGAL CONTEXT A. POLICY CONTEXT The great importance attributed to environmental concerns by the Govermnent of Tunisia is best expressed by the annual publication of a National Report on the State of the Environment. In the preface to the 1998 edition of the National Report, the President of the Republic wrote: Our choices in environmental matters are founded on the general concept that we have of human rights. They are based on the balance between economic and social development, the integrity of ecological systems, and the needs of present and future generations. A sound environment is an essential condition for improving the living conditions of humankind and for attaining sustainable development, and complements the various aspects of our social policy. The Government of Tunisia has also clearly demonstrated its will to preserve the national environment by establishing a number of specialized environmental institutions and by preparing specific environmental legislation. B. INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT Already in 1988, Tunisia began developing its institutional framework for environmental management with the creation of a National Environmental protection Agency (ANPE). In 1993, this development was further strengthened when the Ministry of Environment and Land Use Planning was created by special decree (see Annex 4)2. The first article of the decree charges the Ministry with the following tasks: "To propose, in collaboration with the Ministries and agencies concerned, the Government's policy in the areas of environmental protection and nature conservation, of improving living conditions, and of land use planning, and to monitor its implementation". "To promote legislation with regard to environmental protection, nature conservation, and land use planning through general or specific measures and by setting norms to maintain the natural balance"; "To conserve and improve the quality of the environment in general, the quality of life, the prevention, the reduction or the elimination of risks that threaten people, flora and fauna and the physical environmental aspects such as air, water and soils, to preserve and develop open space necessary for future generations and areas that allow for the development and wild species and natural landscapes." 2Decret N° 93-303 du le Fevrier 1993 fixant les attributions du Ministere de l'Environnement et de l'Amenagement du Territoire. 2 The Ministry of Environment now includes a number of key agencies such as ANPE, CITET, and ONAS. * ANPE (Agence National de Protection de l'Environnement) has specific responsibility o to decide for which projects an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required or a Summary Description (see Decree N 91-362 of 1991, regulating ELAs, in Annex 5 for details); o To prepare terms of reference for ElAs for each sector; o To examine and approve EIA and Summary Description reports; o To transmit to the promoter of a project and to the competent authorities a positive or negative decision with regard to the issuance of a permit. * CITET (Centre International des Technologies de l'Environnement de Tunis) was established in 1996 for o Institutional strengthening through training, technical assistance, transfer of technologies and applied research; o Collection and dissemination of environmental information. • ONAS (Office National de l'Assainissement) is charged with o The fight against water pollution in special zones (urban, industrial and tourist areas); o The management, operation, maintenance, rehabilitation and construction of all urban waste water infrastructure; o The preparation of studies for and the implementation of waste water treatment facilities in rural areas. In addition, important directorates exist in other Ministries with responsibilities for the management of specific sectors of the environment. Examples of these are the Directorate of Water Resources and the Directorate of Soils in the Ministry of Agriculture. Apart from the Government, a strong private sector of consulting fimns and NGOs is available to implement the enviromnental actions required. C. LEGAL CONTEXT Tunisia's national legal framework for environmental matters has three important characteristics: * It is well endowed by a regulatory basis for environmental assessments * The Ministry of Environment is in position to provide the necessary coordination in environmental legislation * Enforcement of environmental laws is strictly applied. Law #88-91 stipulates in Article 5 that an EIA be presented to ANPE before the commencement of any industrial, commercial, and agricultural undertaking. Specific procedural regulations provide detailed prescriptions for the classification of projects, the submittal, preparation and terms of reference of EIAs. In addition, other laws and sector decrees also require the preparation of EIA-type studies, such as the regulations with regards to the operation of quarries and borrow sites (decree 93-163), the Water law, the Forest Law, and the Law on Land Use and Urbanization (Law #122-1994). 3 II. WATER SECTOR INVESTMENT LOAN (WSIL) A. OBJECTIVES OF WSIL The WSIL program seeks to improve living conditions in the rural areas of Tunisia through the promotion of reforms and investments that will strengthen the irrigation sub-sector, help the Government get a better handle on the management of groundwater resources, and provide better access to safe potable water for rural populations. To this end, the capacity of the Government, WUAs, and private operators to efficiently manage water resources will be strengthened, and conservation of water resources and protection of the environment will be a priority. The WSIL will help give concrete content to the three main tenets of the new strategy for the water sector3, namely (1) participatory demand management, (2) integrated management of ground and surface water resources, and (3) water conservation and environmental protection. The sector-related CAS goals are to: * Improve the conservation and sustainable management of natural resources, mainly water, and the protection of the environment; and * Alleviate poverty, especially in rural areas. B. COMPONENTS OF WSIL WSIL has the following investment components: - Irrigation Management (small and large scale rehabilitation), * Groundwater Management, * Water Resources Conservation and Environmental Protection, - Rural Potable Water, a Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building. In addition to these components, a number of priority studies, including those to prepare a follow-up phase have also been included in WSIL. A detailed description of each component is available in the WSIL Project Appraisal Document. Three key components might have potential environmental impacts; these are the Irrigation Management (small and large scale rehabilitation), the Groundwater Management, and the Rural Potable Water supply components. A summary description of the three key components is presented in the following tables. 3Republique Tunisienne. Ministere de l'Agriculture. DGRE. Etude du secteur de l'eau. Orientations strategiques du secteur de 1eau. Rapport definitif Groupement Bechtel Intemnational - SCET-Tunisie. Tunis, 1999. 4 Figure 1 Project component - Irrigation Management Key Project Activities Quantities Construction of tube well-based irrigation perimeters - PI-FOR 56 perimeters, 3,000 ha Construction of irrigation perimeters using treated waste water - PI-EUT 8 perimeters, 580 ha Rehabilitation of existing irrigation perimeters - PI-FOR 40 perimeters, 7,800 ha Rehab. of existing irrigation perimeters using hot geothermal water - PI-EGT 14 perimeters, 2,100 ha Drainage installation on existing irrigation perimeters 3,700 ha Electrification of pumping installations and tube wells 28 stations Construction of flood control perimeters - AFD Sidi Bouzid Creation of watering points at pastoral routes 17 watering points Drilling of production bore holes for irrigation and water supply 25 Moderization of Medjerda Valley infrastructure - feasibility - KfW 3,000 ha Figure 2 Project component - Groundwater Management Specific Project Activities Quantities Drilling of exploratory boreholes 3310 boreholes Installation of piezometers 610 piezometers Artificial groundwater recharge from surface water (1) from the dams of the North, (2) from lakes and retention dams, and (3) from dams in the Center Pilot artificial recharge activities from treated waste water in the Sfax area Strengthening of water management capabilities of MA Figure 3 Project component - Drinking Water Supply Specific Project Activities Quantities Provision of new drinking water supply systems 100,000 rural dwellers Rehabilitation of existing of drinking water supply facilities 5 M. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT OF WSIL Project activities of WSIL will take place all over Tunisia, from ground water recharge in the North to irrigation development in the oases of the south, and water supply in widely distributed areas. Essentially all main ecological zones of Tunisia are implicated in the project. For a better understanding of project interventions, a brief description of these ecological zones is given below. A. ECOSYSTEMS AND ECOLOGICAL REGIONS OF TUNISIA There are seven major ecosystems in Tunisia: coastal, island, wetland, mountain, steppe, desert, and oasis.4 Coastal and island ecosystem. Tunisia's 1200 km of coast gives it one of the highest coast/surface area ratios in Africa. Eight major island archipelagos and several small islands are distributed along the coast. Wetlands. Of the more than 100 permanent and temporary wetlands, many are of international importance. Each year more than 75,000 flamingos, 400,000 anatids (ducks) and 250,000 coots and morehens use the wetland and coastal areas. The wetlands include 7 large marine lakes and more than 30 salt lakes (sebkhets and chotts). Several freshwater wetlands exist, including at least 1 permanent and many seasonal lakes. Dar Fatma, a peat bog in the northwest, has many rare and geographically isolated plant species. Mountain systems. Five major mountain systems contain most of the forest and endemic plants of Tunisia. In the northwest the Khroumirie/Mogod mountain chains are the wettest part of the country and barbary deer live in forests of cork oak Quercus suber, zen oak Quercus canariensis, and the rare Quercus afares. The High Tell and Tunisian Dorsal Mountain ranges shelter endangered Cuvier's gazelles and hyena in Pinus halipensis/Quercus ilex forests. A few stands of the rare maple tree Acer monspessulanus occur in the Tunisian Dorsal and thuya Callitris articulata a species with tropical affinities, is dominant in the forests of Bou Komine National Park. Mountains in the high steppes of central Tunisia and the Douirat mountains of southern Tunisia are dominated byJuniperus and other species characteristic of degraded forests, in which aoudad (barbary mountain sheep) Ammotragus lervia occur. Steppe. Vast areas are dominated by steppe vegetation. The High Steppes near Kasserine contain the densest esparto grass (Stipa tennacissima) of the country and a processing plant has been constructed to make paper from esparto fibers. Wild boar and hyena are commonly found in the High Steppes. Low Steppes, east of Sidi Bou Zid and in the Kairouan area, are dominated by sage (Artemesia) and Zizyphus lotus and the halophile vegetation of the many salt lakes distributed in the region. Threatened houbara bustards nest in the low steppes. The last remaining remnants of the sub-Sahara type savanna dominated by Acacia raddiana trees are found in the Subdesertic Littoral Steppe at Bou Hedma. Addax, Oryx and Ostrich - exterminated in the past century - have been re-introduced at Bou Hedma, and dorcas gazelles exist there and in the region of Hamada. In the Subdesertic Continental Steppe, saga plains grade to Rhanterium and Arthrophytum plains - the former range of several species of ungulates. 4USAID. Scott D. Posner. Biological Diversity and Tropical Forests in Tunisia, Washington, 1988 6 Desert. Pseudo-forests of Calligonum comosum and the Grand Erg endemics Calligonum azel and Calligonum arich dominate the Sahara desert or Eastem Grand Erg. There are more than 2,500,000 ha of Sahara type dessert in Tunisia; if desertic steppes are included the area is 4,000,000 ha. Vegetation removal and wind erosion are increasing the desert area by 18,000 ha each year. Endangered slender homed gazelles, the North African endemic gundi, and a wide variety of birds and herpes are found in the desert. Oases. Dispersed in the steppes and desert edges are more than 75,000 ha of oases. Intense cultivation restricts the natural vegetation, but some rare plants do occur. Few mammals tolerate the high rate of human activity in the oases, but the lush vegetation provides important feeding and resting sites for many sedentary passerine and migratory birds. B. PRESSURE ON THIE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT There is considerable pressure on the natural resources of Tunisia5. The pressure in the past century has been essentially the result of human influence, and is linked to: * Demographic pressure, which has multiplied by a factor five in that period, and * Economic pressure, which has increased by a factor of ten due to technological developments. The concentration of these activities, sometimes associated with an inappropriate exploitation system, has furthermore jeopardized the integrity of certain resources, in particular soils and aquifers, and endangered their sustainable use. Two types of environment are particularly affected by overpopulation in Tunisia: the mountain forests and the steppes. The mountain forests are degraded by cattle and human activity, a phenomenon that is in particular serious in the Tunisian Dorsal Mountain, especially in the Kroumirie-Mogods forests. As for the Steppes, three types of overpopulation and concomitant pressure on the natural resource base, can be distinguished: * Demographic overpopulation - resulting from lack of activity: located south of a line from Thala to Skhira. * Economic overpopulation - intense, but low productive agricultural activity: situated in the intermediary zone, in particular the regions of Mahdia and Kairouan. * Ecologic overpopulation - rich, highly productive agricultural activity: overpumping of aquifers and irrigated perimeters of Sidi Bouzid. The overpopulation situation is largely the result of actions undertaken in the last decennia that were designed to keep the population in the interior regions of the country, often through costly development projects. The projects usually did not consider the economic, let alone the environmental cost of development. The EMP of the WSIL project was designed against the background of increasing pressure on the natural resources as described above. 5 Republique Tunisienne. Ministere de l'Environnement et de l'Amnnagement du Territoire. Rapport national. L'etat de l1environnement. 1998. Tunis, 1999 7 Figure 4 Bioclimatic regions and socio-agro-economic zones of Tunisia6 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ D L _ ~~~~KERKENA' U _ b _ w~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 100 -LI X S - ~~~~~~~~~ / 7 ~~~~~Ligende - - f .I Etogge bwlnoiquesNq 20z ocbrm~& 0 r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Subhumk*i Kroumlrle-Mogood 9R i ( Chlinons tiasiclm . O SOM-mMe & MdouxE S Nord- Cap Son 9()tr&ur 7 C;J -Fhx ~~~~~~~~~~~El (D) JoShdhl & Ouar-bna D ^ tdu Echelle , EL (i Haule Steppew (§ Chottsi t t t;S||f,, !r~6---5 -10Okm Yo ( 880sseStppe (D Gqnd Erg scro 0 6 Republique Tunisienne. Ministere de l'EnvironneInent et de l'Amenagemnent du Territoire. Rapport national. L'etat de 1-evironnement. 1998. Tunis, 1999 8 IV. APPLICABLE WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES WSIL project activities are financed by the World Bank and are therefore subject to the Bank's Safeguard Policies7. The relevance of each of the ten specific Safeguard Policies with regard to the WSIL project was verified. Below is a brief discussion of the Safeguard Policies to indicate which policies are pertinent to the project, precisely what part of the policies, if any, is relevant to WSIL project design, and which specific WSIL components and activities are implicated. A. SAFEGUARD POLICY 4.01 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT As evidenced by this SEA report, the WSIL project as a whole is subject to environmental assessment prior to its commencement. Individual project activities that cannot be defined at this time during project preparation are subject to separate environmental assessments, once they are identified during implementation of the WSIL project. Separate environmental assessments in particular for small-scale irrigation projects, ground water development, and rural water supply facilities, have been budgeted. According to Tunisia's national environmental rules and regulations, all project activities are subject to environmental analysis, either in the form of a summary environmental description or an environmental impact analysis. The analyses are to be carried out under supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture, the promoter of the project activities, and are subject to approval by ANPE, the National Environmental Protection Agency. SEA observations confirmed the findings of an earlier in-depth analysis of Tunisia's Environmental Assessment system, carried out by the Bank8 in 1998, which concluded that the system is among the best in the Mediterranean region. The Ministry has already issued TOR for environmental assessment of irrigation projects in general and for projects using treated wastewater in particular. To ensure that existing environmental regulations are indeed scrupulously applied and adhered to, the Environmental Management Plan of the SEA recommends specific measures, which have been costed in project design. The Project now comprises training for selected staff of the DGGR and DGRE to strengthen their awareness and understanding of national environmental and social assessment requirements. Training sessions will address in particular the EA procedures and responsibilities, public participation in project planning and in project design, and the dissemination of published EA reports to the public. Also, updating of environmental clauses was incorporated into the project. This involves a review of the standard contracts between the Ministry of Agriculture, or its local CRDAs (Commissariat Regional de Developpement Agricole), and construction firms, and possible revision of the concession documents between the Ministry and AICs (Associations d'Interet Collectif) to operate irrigated perimeters. Such clauses will help ensure that proposed environmental measures are indeed implemented both during the construction/rehabilitation phase and during the operation phase of specific projects. For each of the three project subcomponents concerned, the WSIL project is in compliance with this Safeguard Policy, provided the actions prescribed under "Institutional Measures" and under 7The World Bank Operational Manual, Volume II, Project Requirements 8 Banque Mondiale. Sherif Arif, Jaafar Friaa. Tunisia: Environment Mission. BTO report. Washington, 1998 9 "Education and public information" in the Enviromnental Management Plan (Chapter V) are implemented. The measures have been integrated into the project design. B. SAFEGUARD POLICY 4.04 NATURAL HABITATS OP 4.04 prescribes: "If the environmental assessment indicates that a project would significantly convert or degrade natural habitats, the project includes mitigation measures acceptable to the Bank". Natural habitats are defined as "land and water areas where (1) the ecosystems' biological communities are formed largely by native plant and animal species, and (2) human activity has not essentially modified the area's primary ecological functions". WSIL project activities do not involve significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats in Tunisia. The WSIL project is in compliance with the Safeguard Policy C. SAFEGUARD POLICY 4.09 PEST MANAGEMENT Procurement of pesticides is not envisaged under the project. However, increased irrigated farming may increase the use of agricultural pesticides. The following criteria apply to the use of pesticides in Bank- financed projects: They must have negligible adverse human health aspects. They must be shown to be effective against the target species. They must have minimal effect on nontarget species and the natural environment. Their use must take into account the need to prevent the development of resistance in pests. WSIL planned expansion and rehabilitation of irrigated areas may indirectly somewhat increase the use of agrochemicals. This is not a major impact, in particular because pest populations in Tunisia are normally controlled through IPM approaches, such as biological control, cultural practices, and pest resistant varieties. The WSIL project - Irrigation component - is therefore considered in compliance with the Safeguard Policy D. SAFEGUARD POLICY 4.11 CULTURAL PROPERTY The Bank's policy is to seek to avoid elimination of cultural properties and to assist in their preservation. The irrigation and grou d water development components of the WSIL project involve some movement of earth and surficial environmental changes, which prima facie entail the risk of damaging cultural property. In such a case, a determination is required of what is known about the cultural property aspects of the proposed project sites, and where necessary a survey should be undertaken. All WSIL project activities are sited and designed to prevent damage to cultural property. This is fully ensured by the environmental impact process. The WSIL project was therefore determined to be in compliance with the Safeguard Policy 10 E. SAFEGUARD POLICY 4.20 INDIGENOUS PEOPLE The term "indigenous people" describes social groups with a social and cultural identity distinct from the dominant society that makes them vulnerable to being disadvantaged in the development process. Indigenous people can be identified by the presence in varying degrees of the following characteristics: (a) a close attachment to ancestral territories and to the natural resources in these areas; (b) self-identification and identification by others as members of a distinct cultural group; (c) an indigenous language, often different from the national language; (d) presence of customary social and political institutions; and (e) primarily subsistence-oriented production. There is no indication that indigenous people in Tuniisa will be affected by the WSIL project. The WSIL project is therefore in compliance with the Safeguard Policy. F. SAFEGUARD POLICY 4.30 INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT Development projects that displace people involuntarily generally give rise to severe economic, social, and environmental problems. Involuntary resettlement may cause severe long-term hardship, impoverishment, and environmental damage unless appropriate measures are carefully planned and carried out. The WSIL project does not involve involuntary resettlement. All new irrigation perimeters are sited on the basis of a comprehensive participatory planning approach. At the same time, these are small perimeters (50 to 200 ha each), involving land that is often already farmed, and therefore usually not requiring relocation of farm dwellings. Irrigation enhances the farming options of existing farmers. The WSIL project was determined to be in compliance with the Safeguard Policy. G. SAFEGUARD POLICY 4.36 FORESTRY. The WSIL project is not directly involved in Tunisia's forest sector. By creating alternative income-generating options and reduce poverty, the project is expected to have a beneficial, indirect impact on the preservation of remaining woodlands. H. SAFEGUARD POLICY 4.37 SAFETY OF DAMS The WSIL project does not include dams and storage of surface water. All new irrigation development to be financed under the project is based on the use of groundwater. The WSIL project is therefore in compliance with the Safeguard Policy, without further project measures. 11 I. SAFEGUARD POLICY 7.50 PROJECTS ON INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS The WSIL project does not involve international waterways. All project activities take place in Tunisian watersheds. The WSIL project is therefore in compliance with the Safeguard Policy, without further project measures. J. SAFEGUARD POLICY 7.60 PROJECTS IN DISPUTED AREAS The project does not involve activities in disputed areas. The WSIL project is in compliance with the Safeguard Policy, without further project measures. As indicated above, the WSIL project is in compliance with nine out of ten Safeguard Policies without any further specific measures. Therefore, only the issue related to the first Safeguard Policy, Environmental Assessment, is a pertinent concern. The issue has been integrated in the impact discussion and in the Environmental Management Plan of the following chapters. The EMP indicates in detail how the WSIL project will comply with the first Safeguard Policies, and thus enhance project sustainability. In conclusion therefore, the SEA found that the project fully complies with World Bank O.M. Safeguard Policies. 12 V. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF WATER SECTOR INVESTMENTS As discussed in Chapter II, only the activities to be carried out under three project components, the Irrigation Management component, the Groundwater Management component, and the Rural Drinking Water Supply component, might have an effect on the environment, if any. Tunisia's national legislation requires that all project activities be subjected to environmental analysis, either in the form of a summary environmental description or an environmental impact analysis. The analyses are to be carried out under supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture (MA), the promoter of the project activities, and are subject to approval by ANPE, the National Environmental Protection Agency. Tunisia's Environmental Assessment system is among the best in the Mediterranean region, an observation confirmed by the findings of an in-depth analysis of Tunisia's EA system, carried out by the Bank9 in 1998. Individual project activities that cannot all be defined during project preparation are subject to separate environmental assessments, once they are identified. Separate environmental assessments in particular for small-scale irrigation projects, ground water development, and rural water supply facilities, have been budgeted. The MA has already issued standard TOR for enviromnental assessment of irrigation projects in general and for projects using treated wastewater in particular. To ensure that existing environmental regulations are indeed scrupulously applied and adhered to, the Environmental Management Plan as presented in Chapter VI stipulates specific actions to be taken. It is emphasized here that the WSIL will generate important environmental benefits as a result of improved surface water management through irrigation rehabilitation and as result of improved ground water management through the introduction of participatory ground water management approaches. As an indication of potential impacts, and to facilitate the project activity-specific assessments, a number of impacts and possible mitigation measures have been listed in the tables below. The listing of impacts is based on Tunisian conditions, but is not exhaustive; it is an indicative list. A. INDICATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT Potential adverse impacts of the Irrigation Management component, if any, can be fully mitigated, if the national environmental assessment procedures are applied systematically. Potential negative impacts of irrigation development are listed in the table below. 9 Banque Mondiale. Sherif Arif, Jaafar Friaa. Tunisia: Environment Mission. BTO report. Washington, 1998 13 Figure 5 Environmental impacts of irrigation development and their mitigation Potential Negative Impacts Mitigating Measures Direct Soil erosion. Design and protect terraces on hillside to minimize surface erosion hazard Salinization of soils Avoid water logging and improve drainage Leach salts by flushing soils periodically Cultivate crops with salinity tolerance Use treated waste water instead of saline irrigation water Leaching of nutrients from soil Avoid of over watering Replace of nutrients by fertilizers or crop rotation Contamination of local ground water (higher Improve agricultural practices and control of inputs (particularly salinity, nutrients, agrochemicals) biocides and chemical fertilizers) Ensure quality of ONAS treated waste water used in irrigation Reduction of downstream flows affecting Regulate takeoff to mitigate effects users of water and dilution of pollutants Provide compensatory measures Redesign irrigation project Deterioration of river water quality below Improve water management irrigation project affecting fisheries and Treat drainage water (e.g. settling ponds) downstream users Encroachment on wetlands and other Adjust siting of projects to avoid or minimize encroachment on ecologically sensitive areas critical areas Threat to historic, cultural or aesthetic Adjust siting of project to prevent loss features Salvage or protect cultural sites Health problems from use of wastewater Ensure quality of ONAS treated waste water used in irrigation irrigation Indirect Decrease in flow of river water, leading to Control of waste sources downstream increased pollution (decreased solution) and Reduction of water take-off health hazards from downstream industrial and municipal pollutants External Water quality deterioration by upstream land Control of land use in watershed areas use and pollution discharge Control of pollution sources Several of the impacts and related mitigation measures listed above do not apply to the relatively small- scale, groundwater-based irrigation perimeters that are part of the WSIL project. Impacts related to irrigation from large rivers, such as the reduction of downstream flows and deterioration of river water quality below an irrigation project, and the indirect and external impacts indicated, are of concern primarily in the Medjerda valley. The WSIL project involves the modernization of 3,000 ha infrastructure under KfW funding. Environmental assessment of this project activity will therefore require assessment of the impacts related to irrigation from large rivers. Even though the adverse impacts of rehabilitation of 3,000 ha in the Medjerda valley may still be limited, and in fact the impacts of improved irrigation and drainage may be beneficial, the cumulative impact of this project activities combined with extensive similar activities in the past, i.e. irrigation development in the Medjerda as a whole, does have its impacts on the sustained use of natural resources, and warrants the preparation of a Regional Environmental Assessment of Medjerda Valley Irrigation to address all issues in a comprehensive manner. 14 I B. INDICATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT The potential adverse impacts of the Groundwater Management component, if any, are limited and can be fully mitigated, if the national environmental assessment procedures are applied systematically. Figure 6 Environmental impacts of ground water management and their mitigation Potential Negative Impacts Mitigating Measures Direct during drilling and construction Erosion from construction of ground Protect most susceptible soil surfaces with mulch water recharge sites and related access Protect drainage channels with berms, straw or fabric barriers roads Seed or plant erodible surfaces as soon as possible Ground and water contamination by oil, Collect and recycle lubricants grease, and fuel in equipment yards Take precautions to avoid accidental spills Sedimentation of drilling muds in natural Dispose of muds with consent of local inhabitants drainage ways Environmental and social disruption by Site construction camps carefully construction camps Direct permanent Environmental and social disruption by Compensate local land users and land owners recharge sites Destruction of vegetation and soil in Alterative sites to minimize destruction alignments recharge sites and equipment yards Harvest and utilize public domain forest resources prior to construction Abandonment or lack of maintenance of Establish appropriate closure dispositions recharge sites In the ground water component, environmental concerns are primarily related to the development of artificial recharge sites. Environmental assessment of the first such site to be financed by the project should include a full review of the procedures for site selection, site operation, and site abandonment to ensure that all safeguards are in place for environmental protection. C. INDICATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF RURAL DRINKING WATER SUPPLY The potential adverse impacts of the Groundwater Management component, if any, are minor. Potential impacts are listed below. The potential beneficial impacts are unquestionably very important in public health and social terms. The key concern here is that rural drinking water supply should go hand in hand with provision of sanitation facilities, such as disposal of waste water, latrines, etc. Discussions are underway with the DGGR to program facilities for wastewater disposal and sanitation in conjunction with water supply. This will require close coordination with the ongoing rural sanitation programs managed by ONAS, in line with its recent Sector Strategy for Rural Sanitation. For environmental reasons and for public health reasons such coordination to avoid unnecessary pollution in rural areas is essential. Introduction of rural drinking water and sanitation generally requires the conduct of local sanitation and hygiene education program. Feasibility studies required for the drinking water supply activities, both the provision of new systems and the rehabilitation of existing systems would include the mandatory environmental analysis. 15 VI. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR WSIL The Environmental Management Plan of WSIL is not complex. It consists of certain basic environmental actions required in the implementation of the three project components concerned, each in response to potential impacts. The indicative impacts and broad mitigation measures have been discussed in the previous chapter. Here, first of all, specific measures are proposed designed to strengthen the environmental assessment process, a process that is applicable to all the three project components. Even though the impacts of each individual project activity are negligible or minor, the cumulative impact of project activities combined with extensive similar activities in the past, i.e. irrigation development as a whole, does have its impacts on the sustained use of natural resources. The Environmental Management Plan takes this element into consideration. The EMP therefore is not limited to minimizing the negative impacts; it also proposes a series of positive actions - actions aimed at improving sustainable management of Tunisia's natural resources. Past actions to improve resource management in irrigation have in general involved better water management - the conservation of water quantities and quality. In a more holistic approach, the EMP stresses the fundamental importance of the soil resource base in sustainable irrigated agriculture, in addition to reliable and adequate water supply, and includes studies and analyses designed to enhance project environmental benefits. The WSIL project is not an isolated endeavor of the Tunisian Government. Related activities are being implemented through projects financed by other Bank projects, such as PISAU, or by other donors such as KfW and AFD, also under the umbrella of the WSIL. The EMP reflects the experience and approaches from other donors to some extent. All EMP measures have been placed in four categories as follows: 1. Investments 2. Studies and analyses 3. Institutional / legal measures 4. Public information measures Specific investments, studies and analyses, institutional/legal measures, and public information measures are discussed below. A. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN THE WATER SECTOR IN GENERAL An important WSIL contribution to environmental management is the establishment of a National Information System for Water Resources. The system is designed to meet the needs of both surface water and ground water management, and is therefore a water sector-wide activity. SINEAU The establishment of a National Information System for Water Resources (SINEAU) is an investment in automated data processing required to better manage the nation's water resources, both in terms of quantity and in terms of quality. DGRE has the mandate to evaluate the nation's water resources, to monitor water resource development and water quality, and to provide water resource information to decision makers and researchers in a viable, modern format (decree N° 16 87-779 of 21/5/1987). This action has been fully integrated into project design and constitutes a separate, specific element in the Ground Water Management componentl°. The crucial importance of careful water resource management and the importance of up-to date information on the water resource base is demonstrated by the data of Figure 7. The different evaluations of water availability carried out in the past twenty years show that the optimal evaluation has been attained. In 1995, water use had reached 73% of the total available water supply. Figure 7 Water availability and water use in Tunisia'1. Water resources Potential water resources In millions m3/year Water use in Water use in % millions of available m3/year water 1977 1980 1985 1990 1995 1995 1995 Surface water 2000 2580 2630 2700 2700 1720 64 Ground water total 1100 1520 1725 1840 1925 1670 Shallow aquifers 710 740 104 Deep aquifers 1215 930 76 Total 3100 4100 4355 4540 4625 3380 73 B. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT Studies and analyses are required, first to assess past damage to land and water resources, and then to ensure their conservation and sustainable management. The EMP includes two studies in soil management and five in water management. These actions have been fully integrated into project design. In fact, they constitute a separate, specific project component: Water Resources Conservation and Environmental Protection. 1. Studies and analyses required in irrigation development - soil resources There are two studies, or rather assessments, designed to better ensure sustained use of the soil resource base in irrigation, as follows: Systematic rapid assessment of soil salinization in irrigated areas The objective of the assessment is to survey and assess the current state of soil salinization in Tunisia's irrigated lands and to develop a plan of action, both technical and institutional, for the restoration of saline soils areas and to prevent further salinization in existing perimeters. The rapid assessment is to be based on the ongoing monitoring program of soil salinity conducted by the Soils Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture'2. For details see: DGRE/Dominique Poitrinal. 2000. Systeme d'Information National des Ressources en Eau 11 Dominique Poitrinal. 2000. Systeme d 'Information National des Ressources en Eau 12 Republique Tunisienne. Ministere de l'Agriculture. DS. Suivi de l'evolution de la salinite des sols dans les perimetres irrigues de Tunisie et cas experimental de l'oasis Nahal (sud Tunisien). Par: A. Mtimet, A. Said, H. Ben Hassine et Ch. Zidi. Tunis, 1999. 17 * Systematic rapid assessment of other forms of soil degradation due to irrigation development The objective of the assessment is to survey and assess the damage done to soil resources in irrigation development other then soil salinization. In particular attention will be paid to soil degradation, soil loss and pollution as a result of land leveling, terracing, unprotected excavation and embankment slopes, construction of irrigation perimneters, access roads, and water storage facilities. The rapid assessment will develop recommendations to limit unnecessary destruction or pollution of productive lands and design a concrete investment program to avoid future degradation. It is recommended that the two rapid assessments be carried out by the Directorate of Soils (DS), MA, in collaboration with the Ministry of Environment. In view of the requirements of ongoing programs of the DS, the Directorate should be assisted by technical assistance provided by a consulting firm to carry out the assessments. Detailed terms of reference for the two assessments will be developed by the DS. 2. Studies and analyses required in irrigation development - water resources The following five studies are designed to better protect the water resource base in irrigation. The five studies have all been identified in the National Water Sector Study13 including detailed descriptions (fiches de projet) of the studies. For ease of reference, these detailed descriptions of these studies are included here in Annex 6. * Development of a National Master Plan for Water Pollution Management The objective of the national plan is to assess current pollution and to develop plans to minimize existing pollution and prevent future pollution. For details see National Water Sector Study, Avant-Projet T5-3. * Inventory of potential sources of water pollution The objective of the inventory is to bring existing inventories up to date and to include a record of non-point pollution from agriculture sources, and thus to provide a basis for national planning and monitoring of water pollution. The updating should be based upon the inventories made for METAP and Tunis - Ouest projects, and include a register of industial pollution prepared by ONAS, data collected by ANPE, and by DGRE. For details see National Water Sector Study, Avant-Projet T5-la. * Establishment of a national network to monitor and control water quality The objective of the activity is to ensure better control over the quality of water. It is necessary to expand the existing monitoring network which is very limited both in terms of national coverage and with regard to technical possibilities. For details see National Water Sector Study, Avant- Projet T5-lb. * Clarification of the role of Government agencies responsible for management of water pollution 13 Republique Tunisienne. Ministere de l'Agriculture. DGRE. Etude du secteur de l'eau. Theme 5. Analyse des problemes de la pollution hydrique. Rapport definitif: Groupement Lahmeyer International - SCET-Tunisie. Tunis, 1998. 18 The objective of the study is to optimize Govemment action in the management of water pollution. Distinct overlaps as well as gaps exists with regard to institutional responsibility in the management of water pollution. With rapidly increasing seriousness of the pollution, the national management responsibilities are becoming in need of overhaul, probably involving refocusing and realignment of responsibilities. For details see National Water Sector Study, Avant-Projet T5-1 e. * Re-use of treated waste water in aquifer recharge and irrigation The objective of the study is to determine how best to make maximum possible use of available water in Tunisia. In particular the issue of using treated wastewater instead of somewhat saline irrigation water in irrigation, on a much larger scale than is currently the case, and analyzing its effect on soil conservation (preventing soil salinization) requires more attention. The five water pollution studies required in irrigation development can best be carried out under direction of the Ministry of Environment, in particular CITET. Clearly, all parties concemed with water pollution will need to be consulted and form part of the investigations, in particular the Ministries of Agriculture, Public Health, ONAS and ONADES. It is recommended that the Ministry of Environment receive the technical support of a consulting firm specialized in environmental analyses and planning to carry out the studies. Even though draft terms of reference are available in the National Water Sector Study, these should be reviewed, and final terms for the five water pollution studies should be prepared by the Ministry of Environment. A regional environmental assessment of the Medjerda valley is not a part of the EMP of WSIL as it is beyond the scope of the project in its present form. However, the need for such an assessment to better protect the resources of the valley is of national importance and it is receommended to consider such an assessment in a follow-up phase of WSIL, or for financing by KfW, which has been actively involved for many years in irrigation in the Medjerda valley area. A tentative budget estimate is given in the table below. Figure 8 Budget for regional environmental assessment of the Medjerda valley Budget item Total in US $ Construction Equipment Consultants 300 000 Training/ 100 000 Information Total 400 000 3. Institutional/legal measures required in irrigation development To improve environmental management in the rehabilitation and construction of irrigated perimeters certain institutional/legal measures are required to strengthen the environmental assessment process. These measures are intended to optimize an already well-functioning EA process. 19 For identification and design of irrigation perimeters, MA habitually uses a participatory approach, the steps of which are prearranged from identification through feasibility analysis to implementation. All activities, the stakeholders and beneficiaries, the responsibilities of each, and the number and type of meetings have been established in detail for the whole process (see Annex 7 for information about MA participatory perimeter planning). Also, already in 1997 and 1998, the Ministry issued standard TOR for environmental assessment of irrigation projects in general and for projects using treated wastewater in particular. An overview of how environmental aspects are integrated in irrigation planning and development is given in the Figure 8 below. MA thus has the procedures and funding in place to ensure that a summary environmental description or an environmental impact analysis is carried out for each of the WSIL project activities, usually in conjunction with the technical feasibility analysis. To ensure that existing environmental regulations are known and indeed applied at all levels in MA, and to make certain that the recommended environmental and social measures are implemented, the EMP recommends two specific institutional strengthening measures. * Training of DGGR staff in Environmental and Social Assessment requirements The objective of the training is to strengthen the awareness and understanding of selected staff of the DGGR in environmental and social assessment and the national requirements specified by ANPE to conduct such analyses. Training sessions will address in particular the EA procedures and responsibilities, public participation in project planning and in project design, and the dissemination of published EA reports to the public. Selected personnel will be at three responsibility levels in MA: local level of perimeter management (GIC), regional level (CRDA) with direct responsibility for environmental analyses, and at the national level with supervisory and monitoring responsibility (DGGR). * Review and updating of environmental clauses in contracts with construction firms and in concessions with AICs The objective of the legal measures is to ensure implementation of environmental measures both during the construction/rehabilitation phase and during the operation phase of a specific project. by construction firms and by AICs in the operation of perimeters. To this end the environmental and social clauses in contractual arrangements need to be reviewed and updated to address such issues as appropriate sanitation at construction sites, awareness creation in relation to STDs, use of local labor to avoid health and social problems, and others. The review involves the standard contracts between the Ministry of Agriculture, or its local CRDAs (Commissariat Regional de Developpement Agricole), and construction firms, and possible revision of the concession documents between the Ministry and AICs (Associations d'Interet Collectif) to operate irrigated perimeters. CITET has indicated its willingness to provide the training and possibly legal services required to carry out the above proposed measures for MA/DGGR. This can be done as part of its regular program, but a tailor-made training program would best serve the needs of the MA, both DGGR and DGRE, at all levels. CITET training program for 20000 is given below and includes water management. CITET is prepared to provide the MA with a training proposal. 20 Figure 9 Environmental procedures in irrigation management Key Project Component and Quantities Owner Technical Environm Technical Impact Technical Responsibi Environm Specific Project Activities of the responsibil ental responsibil Analysis responsibil lity for El ental subproject ity for analysis in ity for (El) or ity for El or DS monitorin (promoteu subproject site feasibility Summary or DS implement g r) site selection study Descriptio ation selection n (DS) Construction of tube well-based 56 MA, MA, YES Consulting El > 100 Consulting AIC MA, irrigation perimeters - PI-FOR perimeters, DGGR DGGR firm ha firm DGGR 3,000 ha DS < 100 ha Construction of irrigation 8 MA, MA, YES Consulting El Consulting AIC MA, perimeters using treated waste perimeters, DGGR DGGR firm firm DGGR water - PI-EUT 580 ha Rehabilitation of existing 40 MA, MA, NA Consulting DS Consulting AIC MA, irrigation perimeters - PI-FOR perimeters, DGGR DGGR firm firnm DGGR 7,800 ha Rehab. of existing irrigation 14 MA, MA, NA Consulting El > 100 Consulting AIC MA, perimneters using hot geothermal perimeters, DGGR DGGR firm ha firm DGGR water - PI-EGT 2,100 ha DS < 100 ha Drainage installation on 3,700 ha MA, MA, NA Consulting DS Consulting AIC MA, existing irrigation perimeters DGGR DGGR firm firm DGGR Electrification of pumping 28 stations MA, MA, NA Consulting NA Consulting AIC MA, installations and tube wells DGGR DGGR firm fimn DGGR Creation of watering points 17 MA, MA, YES Consulting El Consulting AIC MA, at pastoral routes watering DGGR DGGR frrm fnr DGGR points Drilling of production bore 25 MA, MA, NA Consulting DS Consulting AIC MA, holes for irrigation and water DGGR DGGR finn firm DGGR supply .) 4. Public information reiuired in irriation development To improve environmental management in the rehabilitation and construction of irrigated perimeters public awareness of the environmental and social assessment process needs to be strengthened. This measures too, is intended to optimize an already well-functioning EA process. * Information and awareness raising of public participation for NGOs/consulting firms responsible for EAs The objective of the "awareness" measure is to improve information about environmental and social analyses to the public in general and to stakeholders in irrigation. Selected NGOs engaged in and consulting firms responsible for EAs should be instructed of opportunities and/or responsibilities in this respect and receive additional training were needed. Figure 10 Summary of CITET training activities in 2000 _. -~ Sommaire des activites de formation 2000 Lenvironnement en Tunisie .101 ': ' ' GCadre insjitutionnel er ligal de a gesion de 1'envimnncmetnt en Tunisie . 142 0 Aspects jurid ique et institutionnel sur la divers4te biologique 103' Rcgkrnenarrion en matiere de rscupiation et de recycagc des emballages 104 Sensibilisacion et &ducacion envirnnnennrtales t 105: : 0 Cadre reglementaire de Ia gestion de I'sau La gestion des esux 201 Gescion des cmiu: usxes et techniquws d'epuration 202 Assainissement ruma 203 R6utilisarion des eaux ipur6es 204 Traitement des odeurs au nivesu des stations d6purarion 205 Traitcenent des eam seues: les proc6d6s biologipues -D6: Traiement des eaux usees les procedes physico-chimiques 2X' ,07 Valorisation des sous produits de l'cpurarion des eaux La gestion des dlchets solides 301 Uniris de traitement des d&chers: Conception. exploitation et gestion 302 Centres de tri et de transfet : Conception, exploitatian et gestion 303 Station de compostage: Conception. exploitation et gestion 3034 Gesion des abattmirs et teiajement des dechets solides et liquides 305 Dhchers de tablissenenrs de soins 306 . Valorisation des dehets urbains 3 f X 07 S . Recyiage des matiens plbsiques _ Les Technologies de lenvironnemeoc et l'entreprise )401 ' 0 :n Gestion des rejets hvdriques de l'industric agro.alimentaire 42 ' Effluents liquides ct dehets industrieis partie A [es pmcedes 403 Effluents liquides et dechets industriels partie B: Its traitemncrs 404 Q- tv Traitement des missionsatmosphciqucs industnelles 405 Gestion des rejees bydriques de l'industrie du textile 22 C. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT 1. Institutional/legal measures required in groundwater management To improve environmental management in groundwater management, in particular in the artificial recharge of aquifers, certain institutional/legal measures are required to strengthen the environmental assessment process. These measures are intended to optimize an already well-functioning EA process. MA has the procedures and funding in place to ensure that a summary environmental description or an environmental impact analysis is carried out for each of the WSIL project activities, usually in conjunction with the technical feasibility analysis. To ensure that existing environmental regulations are known and indeed applied at all levels in MA, and to make certain that the recommended environmental and social measures are implemented, the EMP recommends two specific institutional strengthening measures. T Training of DGRE staff in Environmental and Social Assessment requirements The objective of the training is to strengthen the awareness and understanding of selected staff of the DGRE in environmental and social assessment and the national requirements specified by ANPE to conduct such analyses. Training sessions will address in particular the EA procedures and responsibilities, public participation in project planning and in project design, and the dissemination of published EA reports to the public. Selected personnel will be at three responsibility levels in MA: local level of ground water management, regional level (CRDA) with direct responsibility for environmental analyses, and at the national level with supervisory and monitoring responsibility (DGRE). * Review and updating of environmental clauses in contracts with drilling contractors The objective of the legal measures is to ensure implementation of environmental measures by contractors primarily during the construction/rehabilitation phase of a specific project. To this end the environmental and social clauses in contractual arrangements need to be reviewed and updated to address such issues as appropriate sanitation at construction sites, awareness creation in relation to STDs, use of local labor to avoid health and social problems, and others. The review involves the standard contracts between the Ministry of Agriculture, or its local CRDAs (Comnmissariat Regional de Developpement Agricole), and contractors. CITET has indicated its willingness to provide the training and possibly legal services required to carry out the above proposed measures for MA/DGRE. This can be done as part of its regular program, but a tailor-made training program would best serve the needs of the MA, both DGRE and DGGR, at all levels. CITET is prepared to provide the MA with a training proposal. 2. Public information required in groundwater management To improve environmental management in the rehabilitation and construction of irrigated perimeters public awareness of the environmental and social assessment process needs to be strengthened. This measures too, is intended to optimize an already well-functioning EA process. 23 * Information and awareness raising of public participation for NGOs/consulting firms responsible for EAs The objective of the "awareness" measure is to improve information about environmental and social analyses to the public in general and to stakeholders in particular in aquifer recharge operations. Selected NGOs and consulting firms responsible for EAs should be instructed of their responsibilities in this respect and receive additional training were needed. D. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN RURAL WATER SUPPLY In environmental management of rural water supply only legal measures need to be taken; these can be achieved in parallel to similar measures for irrigation and ground water development. Legal measures are required to strengthen the environmental assessment process. MA has the procedures and funding in place to ensure that a summary environmental description or an environmental impact analysis is carried out for each of the WSIL project activities, usually in conjunction with the technical feasibility analysis. * Review and updating of environmental clauses in contracts with contractors The objective of the legal measures is to ensure implementation of environmental measures by contractors primarily during the construction/rehabilitation phase of a specific project. To this end the enviromnental and social clauses in contractual arrangements need to be reviewed and updated to address such issues as appropriate sanitation at construction sites, awareness creation in relation to STDs, use of local labor to avoid health and social problems, and others. The review involves the standard contracts between the Ministry of Agriculture - DGGR, or its local CRDAs (Commissariat Regional de Developpement Agricole), and contractors. CITET has indicated its willingness to provide the training and possibly legal services required to carry out the above proposed measures for MA/DGGR. This can be done as part of its regular program, but a tailor-made training program would best serve the needs of the MA, both DGGR and DGRE, at all levels. 24 E. SYNOPSIS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN OF WSIL Below is a summary of the Sector Environmental Management plan, as discussed in more detail in the preceding pages. Figure 11 Synopsis of the Environmental Management Plan of WSIL WSIL project Type of Environmental Action component action Water Sector Investments - Establishment of SINEAU Irrigation Analyses / - Systematic rapid assessment of soil salinization in irrigated areas development studies to - Systematic rapid assessment of other form of soil degradation due to protect the soil irrigation development resource base Analyses I - Development of a National Master Plan for Water Pollution Management studies to - Inventory of potential sources of water pollution protect the - Establishment of a national network to monitor and control water water quality resource base - Clarification of the role of Government agencies responsible for management of water pollution - Re-use of treated waste water in aquifer recharge and irrigation Institutional / - Training of DGGR staff in Environmental and Social Assessment legal measures requirements - Review and update of environmental clauses in contracts with construction firms and in concessions with AICs Education and - Education of NGOs/consulting firms to improve public awareness of public environmental concerns and public participation in EAs information Groundwater Institutional I - Training of DGRE staff in Environmental and Social Assessment management legal measures requirements - Review and update of environmental clauses in contracts with construction firms and in concessions with AICs Education and - Education of NGOs/consulting firms to improve public awareness of public environmental concerns and public participation in EAs information Rural water Institutional I - Review and update of environmental clauses in contracts with supply legal measures construction firns and in concessions with AICs 25 VII. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN OF WSIL Implementation of the Environmental and Social Management Plan described above will be under the overall institutional responsibility of the Ministry of Agriculture. Funding for the Plan is integrated in the WSIL roject. Regular monitoring of the Plan will be assured by the Government and by the Bank, jointly. The institutional, financial, and monitoring aspects of the ESMP are discussed below. A. INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION Overall responsibility for implementation of the EMP of WSIL rests with the Ministry of Agriculture. Specific responsibility is with the specialized departments and agencies of the Ministry and with other agencies. Figure 12 Institutional responsibility for implementation of the EMP of WSIL WSIL project Environmental Action Institutional component responsibility Water Sector - Establishment of SINEAU MA- DGRE Irrigation - Systematic rapid assessment of soil salinization in irrigated MA- DSols development areas - Systematic rapid assessment of other form of soil degradation MA- DSols due to irrigation development - Development of a National Master Plan for Water Pollution MA / MEAT - CITET Management - Inventory of potential sources of water pollution MEAT - CITET - Establishment of a national network to monitor and control MEAT - CITET water quality - Clarification of the role of Government agencies responsible MEAT - CITET for management of water pollution - Re-use of treated waste water in aquifer recharge and irrigation MEAT - CITET - Training of DGGR staff in Environmental and Social MA Assessment requirements - Review and update of environmental clauses in contracts with MA construction firms and in concessions with AICs - Education of NGOs/consulting firms to improve public MA awareness of and participation in EAs Groundwater - Training of DGRE staff in Environmental and Social MA management Assessment requirements - Review and update of environmental clauses in contracts with MA construction firms and in concessions with AICs - Education of NGOs/consulting firms to improve public MA awareness of and participation in EAs Rural water - Review and update of environmental clauses in contracts with MA supply construction firms and in concessions with AICs 26 B. INTEGRATION OF EMP INTO PROJECT DESIGN It is essential that the ESMP is integrated into project design. This will ensure that the project reflects the environmental and socio-economic interdependence of the target rural communities. The table below indicates that the proposed actions have been included in the project, and specifically shows in which component of the project the measures will be implemented, Figure 13 Integration of the EMP into the project Environmental Action Integrated in project component: - Establishment of SINEAU Pc 2 - Groundwater management - Systematic rapid assessment of soil salinization in Pc 3 - Resource/environmental protection irrigated areas - Systematic rapid assessment of other form of soil Pc 3 - Resource/environmental protection degradation due to irrigation development - Development of a National Master Plan for Water Pc 3 - Resource/environmental protection Pollution Management - Inventory of potential sources of water pollution Pc 3 - Resource/environmental protection - Establishment of a national network to monitor and Pc 3 - Resource/environmental protection control water quality - Clarification of the role of Government agencies Pc 3 - Resource/environmental protection responsible for management of water pollution - Re-use of treated waste water in aquifer recharge and Pc 3 - Resource/environmental protection irrigation - Review and update of environmental clauses in contracts Pc 5 -Institutional strengthening with construction firms and in concessions with AICs - Training of DGGR/DGRE staff in Environmental and Pc 5 -Institutional strengthening Social Assessment requirements - Education of NGOs/consulting firms to improve public Pc 5 -Institutional strengthening awareness of and participation in EAs 27 C. COST ESTIMATE OF EMP An estimate of the costs needed to implement ESMP activities is given below. Overall costs are given in the summary table below; this is followed by detailed cost estimates per environmental action and per year. Figure 14 Cost of the EMP of WSIL WSIL project Environmental Action Total cost in US $ component Water Sector - Establishment of SINEAU 650,000 Irrigation - Systematic rapid assessment of soil salinization in irrigated 1,200,000 development areas - Systematic rapid assessment of other forms of soil 800,000 degradation due to irrigation development - Development of a National Master Plan for Water Pollution 600,000 Management - Inventory of potential sources of water pollution 350,000 - Establishment of a national network to monitor and control 950,000 water quality - Clarification of the role of Government agencies 400,000 responsible for management of water pollution - Re-use of treated waste water in aquifer recharge and 500,000 irrigation - Training of DGGR staff in Environmental and Social 85,000 Assessment requirements - Review and update of environmental clauses in contracts 40,000 with construction firms and in concessions with AICs - Education of NGOs/consulting firms to improve public 40,000 awareness of and participation in EAs Groundwater - Training of DGRE staff in Environmental and Social 85,000 management Assessment requirements - Review and update of environmental clauses in contracts 40,000 with construction firms and in concessions with AICs - Education of NGOs/consulting firms to improve public 35,000 awareness of and participation in EAs Rural water - Review and update of environmental clauses in contracts 40,000 supply with construction firms and in concessions with AICs Total estimated cost 5,815,000 28 A detailed budget of each of the specific actions follows below. SINEAU For budget details on SINEAU reference is made to: DGRE/Dominique Poitrinal. 2000. Systeme d'Information National des Ressources en Eau. Analyses / studies to protect the soil resource base in irrigation Figure 15 Budget for systematic rapid assessment of soil salinization in irrigated areas Estimate in US $ Budget item Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total Construction 0 0 0 200 000 200 000 400 000 Equipment 100 000 100 000 50 000 250 000 Consultants 200 000 100 000 50 000 50 000 50 000 450 000 Training/ 20 000 20 000 20 000 20 000 20 000 100 000 Information Total 320 000 220 000 120 000 270 000 270 000 1 200 000 Figure 16 Budget for systematic rapid assessment of other forms of soil degradation Estimate in US $ Budget item Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total Construction 0 0 0 100 000 100 000 200 000 Equipment 50 000 50 000 50 000 150 000 Consultants 100 000 100 000 50 000 50 000 300 000 Training/ 20 000 20 000 50 000 S0 000 10 000 150 000 Information Total 170 000 170 000 150 000 200 000 110 000 800000 29 Analyses / studies to protect the water resource base in irrigation Figure 17 Budget for a National Master Plan for Water Pollution Management Estimate in US $ Budget item Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total Construction Equipment Consultants 200 000 200 000 100 000 500 000 Training/ 50 000 50 000 100 000 Information Total 200 000 250 000 150 000 600 000 Figure 18 Budget for inventory of sources of water pollution Estimate in US $ Budget item Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total Construction 0 0 Equipment 50 000 50 000 100 000 Consultants 100 000 100 000 _ _ 200 000 Training/ 25 000 25 000 50 000 Information Total 175 000 175 000 I_350 000 Figure 19 Budget for establishment of a national network to monitor water quality Estimate in US $ Budget item Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total Construction 0 0 0 100 000 100 000 200 000 Equipment 100 000 200 000 100 000 50 000 50 000 500 000 Consultants 50 000 50 000 50 000 50 000 200 000 Formation / 25 000 25 000 50 000 Information Total 175 000 275 000 150 000 200 000 150 000 950 000 30 Figure 20 Budget for role of Government agencies responsible for management of water pollution Estimate in US $ Budget item Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total Construction . Equipment Consultants 100 000 100 000 200 000 Training/ 100 000 100 000 200 000 Information Total 200 000 200 000 I 400 000 Figure 21 Budget for re-use of treated waste water in aquifer recharge and irrigation Estimate in US $ Budget item Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total Construction 0 0 0 Equipment 50 000 50 000 100 000 Consultants 50 000 50 000 50 000 150 000 Training/ 100 000 100 000 50 000 250 000 Information Total 200 000 200 000 100 000 Soo5000 31 Institutional / legal measures and education and public information Figure 22 Budget for training of DGGR/DGRE staff in Environmental and Social Assessment Estimate in US $ Ligne budget Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total Construction Equipment Consultants 20 000 20 000 Training/ 50 000 50 000 50 000 150 000 Information Total 70 000 50 000 50 000 170 000 Figure 23 Budget for review and update of environmental clauses in contracts Estimate in US $ Budget item Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total Construction Equipment Consultants 50 000 30 000 80 000 Training/ 20 000 20 000 40 000 Information Total 70 000 50 000 _ 120 000 Figure 24 Budget to improve public awareness of and participation in EAs Estimate in US $ Budget item Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total Construction Equipment Consultants 10 000 10 000 10 000 30 000 Training/ 15 000 15 000 15 000 45 000 Information Total 25 000 25 000 25 000 I I 75 000 32 D. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF EMP Recommandations for a prompt startup of EMP operations. It is imperative that the EMP, as presented above, is effectively implemented from the very beginming of the WSIL project. Certain tasks need to be carried out rather promptly. These tasks are as follows: * Review and update of environmental clauses in the contracts with construction firms and in concession documents with AICs, * Prepare or update terms of reference and technical descriptions for the studies, institutional measures, and training programs, indicated in the EMP. These tasks need to be carried out by the MA Directorates concerned, in collaboration with ANPE, the National Environmental Protection Agency, and, where necessary, supported by national and/or international consultants to speed up the process. Environmental Monitoring To ensure effectiveness, the implementation arrangements have been kept flexible and straightforward, with feedback mechanisms through which stakeholders are informed and can in turn contribute to the analysis and decision-making process. This applies in particular to the improved environmental assessment process. The relatively uncomplicated implementation arrangements greatly facilitate environmental monitoring. The critical environmental outputs projects that need to be monitiered are the specific environmental analyses that will be conducted under supervision of the MA, the project sponsor. There is no further need to identify explicit environmental and social indicators in order to monitor and benchmark specific achievements. A participatory monitoring and evaluation framework needs to be established and adequate resources earmarked accordingly. The implementation of all project activities is subject to Tunisia's national environmental legislation and the scrutiny of ANPE, its National Environmental Protection Agency. The monitoring of the implementation of the SEA Environmental Management Plan will be carried out during project supervision, and will be presented as part of the annual implementation report to be submitted by the Government to the Bank. 33 I ANNEXES Annex 01 Abbreviations Annex 02 Bibliography Annex 03 Persons consulted Annex 04 Mandate of the Ministry of Environment and Land Use Planning Annex 05 ANPE - Decree 91-362 regulating EAs Annex 06 Draft TORs for water resource studies Annex 07 Min. of Agriculture participatory perimeter planning 34 I SECTORAL ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF WSIL ANALYSE ENVIRONNEMENTALE SECTORIELLE DU PISEAU ANNEX 01. ABREVIATIONS AFD Agence Francaise de Developpement AIC Association d'Interet Collectif ou Association d'usagers d'eau ANPE Agence Nationale de Protection de l'Environnement CAS Country Assistance Strategy CITET Centre International des Technologies de l'Environnement de Tunis CNEA Centre National d'Etudes Agricoles CRDA Commissariat Regional de Developpement Agricole DCES Direction de la Conservation des Eaux et des Sols DGFE Direction Generale du Financement et des Encouragements DGGR Direction Generale du Genie Rural DGPA Direction Generale de la Production Agricole DGRE Direction Generale des Ressources en Eau DS Direction des Sols KfW Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau MA Ministere de l'Agriculture MEAT Ministere de l'Environnement et de l'Amenagement du territoire ONAS Office National de l'Assainissement PGE Plan de Gestion Environnemental PNAE Plan National d'Action Environnemental UE Union Europeenne UICN Union Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature USAID United States Agency for International Development WWF World Wildlife Fund Annex 01 - 1 I SECTOR ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF WSIL ANALYSE ENVIRONNEMENTALE SECTORIELLE DU PISEAU ANNEX 02. BIBLIOGRAPHY Editeur Titre Ville de Date publication Banque Mondiale Tunisie. Pret d'Investissement au Secteur Washington 1997 Agricole - Relais. Document d'Evaluation de Projet. Banque Mondiale. Tunisie: Environment Mission. BTO report Washington 1998 Sherif Arif, Jaafar Friaa _ Banque Mondiale. Tunisia: WSIL, Pre-Appraisal Mission, Washington 1999 Madani M. Tall November Republique Tunisienne. Pret aux investissements du secteur de l'eau - Tunis 1999 Ministere de l'Agriculture / DG PISEAU. Document de projet pour la mission Financement et des de preparation (BIRD-KFW). Encouragements Elaboree par Laajili Khaled Republique Tunisienne. Atlas des sols tunisiens. Tunis 1999 Ministere de l'Agriculture. Par: A. Mtimet R6publique Tunisienne. Etude diagnostic et de modemisation de Tunis 2000 Ministere de l'Agriculture. l'exploitation des perimetres irrigues dans le CRDA de Sousse Gouvernorat de Sousse. COMETE Engineering Republique Tunisienne. Projet d'Amelioration de gestion du secteur Sousse 1996 Ministere de l'Agriculture. irrigue (Phase II). Remise en etat des reseaux CRDA de Sousse. D/HER-A/PI d'irrigation (perimetre de Sidi Bou Ali). Par: G.M. Salah Republique Tunisienne. Assistance technique aux Associations d'int6ret Tunis 1998 Ministere de I'Agriculture. collectif d'irrigation et d'alimentation en eau DGGR potable rural. Dossier de consultation Republique Tunisienne. Etude du secteur de l'eau. Orientations Tunis 1999 Ministere de l'Agriculture. strategiques du secteur de l'eau. Rapport DGRE definitif. Groupement Bechtel International - SCET-Tunisie Republique Tunisienne. Etude du secteur de l'eau. Theme 5. Analyse Tunis 1998 Ministere de l'Agriculture. des problemes de la pollution hydrique. Rapport DGRE definitif. Groupement Lahmeyer International - SCET-Tunisie Republique Tunisienne. Suivi de l'evolution de la salinite des sols dans Tunis 1999 Ministere de l'Agriculture. DS. les perimetres irrigues de Tunisie et cas experimental de l'oasis Nahal (sud Tunisien). Par: A. Mtimet, A. Said, H. Ben Hassine et Ch. Zidi Republique Tunisienne. Cr6ation d'un p6rimtre irrigu6 i partir des eaux Tunis 1999 Ministere de l'Agriculture. usees epur6es de la ville de Tataouine. Etude CRDA de Tataouine pedologique. Annex 02 - 1 Republique Tunisienne. Notice d'impact sur 1'environnement de la Tunis 1999 Ministere de l'Agriculture. creation d'un perimetre irrigue a partir des eaux CRDA de Tataouine usees epurees de la ville de Tataouine Republique Tunisienne. Etude d'impact environnemental de la station de Tunis 1999 Ministere de l'Agriculture. Semana (Delegation Kef Ouest) CRDA du Kef Republique Tunisienne. Formation 2000 Tunis 1999 Ministere de l'Environnement et de l'Amenagement du Territoire. CITET Republique Tunisienne. Rapport national. L'etat de l'environnement. Tunis 1999 Ministere de l'Environnement et 1998. de l'Amenagement du Territoire USAID Biological Diversity and Tropical Forests in Washington 1988 Scott D. Posner Tunisia World Bank Environmental Assessment Sourcebook. Washington 1993 UPDATE. Sectoral Environmental Assessment World Bank Environmental Assessment Sourcebook. Vol. I. Washington 1991 Policies, Procedures, and Cross-Sectoral Issues. Technical Paper 139 World Bank Environmental Assessment Sourcebook. Vol. 1. Washington 1991 Irrigation. Technical Paper 140 World Bank Safeguard Policies. OP 4.01. Environmental Washington 1999 Assessment Annex 02 - 2 SECTOR ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF WSIL ANALYSE ENVIRONNEMENTALE SECTORIELLE DU PISEAU ANNEX 03. PERSONS CONSULTED Organization / Organisation Town / Ville Agency / First name/ Family name / Tel. (216) E-mail Service / Fonction Prenom Nom de famille Bureau d'etudes, SCET - Tunis Directeur, Dept. Environnement Nejib SAADOUN 1 799 812 deha@scet.tunisie.com.tn Tunisie Hydraulique et Agriculture Bureau d'etudes, Societe Sfax Directeur 4 296 331 Hydro Plante Min. de l'Agriculture Jemmal Chef CTV, Jemmal Ahmed ALI 4 860 35 Min. de l'Agriculture Monastir Chef de l'Arrondissement du Ahmed HASSINE 4 610 80 Genie Rural de Monastir Min. de r'Agriculture Monastir Directeur General CRDA Hamadi KHELIFA Monastir 5000 _____- Min. de I'Agriculture Sousse CRDA Sousse Arrondissement Sidi BEN ALI PI, Chef Cellule territorial de vulgarisation_ Min. de lAgriculture Sousse CRDA Sousse, Arrondissement Glaied SALAH PI, Chef service maintenance Mohamed Min. de l'Agriculture Sousse CRDA Sousse, Chef Ayoub TAREK Airrondissement PI Min. de I'Agriculture Tunis Directeur des Sols Dr. Amor MTIMET 700 940 Min. de I'Agriculture Tunis Directeur Gen6ral des EL BATHI Ressources en Eau Min. de l'Agriculture Tunis Directeur General du Genie HAMDANE Rural Min. de l'Agriculture Tunis Direction des Sols A SAIED Min. de l'Agriculture Tunis Direction des Sols, Chef du H. BEN HASSINE Laboratoire Min. de l'Agriculture Tunis Direction General des KHANFIR Ressources en Eau Min. de l'Agriculture Tunis Direction General des SEHLI Ressources en Eau Annex 03 - 1 Min. de l'Agriculture Tunis Direction General du Genie Mme Najeb GHARBI 4 781 756 Rural _____ Min. de l'Agriculture Tunis Direction General du Genie Hedi HERZI Rural Min. de rAgriculture Tunis Direction General du Genie Taoufik BRAHAM 288 071 Rural, Chef de Service des Associations d'Intert Collectif Min. de l'Agriculture Tunis Direction General, FE Khaled LAAJILI Min. de l'Environnement et de Tunis Agence Nationale de Protection Mohamed GHOURABI 1 847 122 rAmnnagement du Territoire de lrEnvironnement, Chef Dept Technique, Directeur des EIE Min. de l'Environnement et de Tunis Agence Nationale de Protection Habiba OUESLATI 1 847 122 I'Amenagement du Territoire de l'Environnement, Direction des EIE l _ _- Min. de l'Environnement et de Tunis Centre International des Mme Dr. JRAD FANTAR 1 770 285 labo@citet.nat.tn I'Amenagement du Territoire Technologies de Amel I'Environnement de Tunis Min. de l'Environnement et de Tunis Directeur de la Conservation de Mlme Zeineb BELKHIR 1 703 394 I'Amenagement du Territoire la Nature et du Milieu Rural Min. de l'Environnement et de Tunis Direction de la Conservation de BELHASSINE 1 703 394 l'Amenagement du Territoire la Nature et du Milieu Rural Min. de rEnvironnement et de Tunis Direction de la Conservation de Mohamed ISMAIL 1 703 394 boc.meat@rdd.tn I'Amenagement du Territoire la Nature et du Milieu Rural Min. de l'Environnement et de Tunis Office National DAOUD I'Amenagement du Territoire d'Assainissement, Directeur des Etudes Min. de l'Environnement et de Tunis Office National Naassaoui ESSAIED I'Amenagement du Territoire d'Assainissement, Direction des Etudes Partenaire financier, Banque Tunis Sr. Enviromnentalist, ESD Vasantt JOGOO vjogoo@afdb.org Africaine de Developpement Partenaire financier, Banque Washington Economist, MENAR Shobha SHETTI 202 473 sshetti@worldbank.org Mondiale 2760 Partenaire financier, Banque Washington Sr. Economist, Task Manager Madani M. TALL 202 473 mtall@worldbank.org Mondiale 7506 Partenaire financier, Banque Washington Sr. Environmentalist, MENAR Allen ROTMAN arotman@worldbank.org Mondiale Partenaire financier, Frankfurt am Charge de projets, Maghreb Piet Kleffmann Piet.kleffmann@kfw.de Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau Main . Annex 03 - 9 SECTORAL ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF WSIL ANALYSE ENVIRONNEMENTALE SECTORIELLE DU PISEAU ANNEX 04. MANDATE OF THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND LAND USE PLANNING EXTRAIT DU DECRET No 93-303 DU le FEVRIER 1993 FLXANT LES ATTRIBUTIONS DU MINISTERE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT ET DE L'AMENAGEMENT DU TERRITOIRE. Art. 1. Le ministere de l'environnement et de l'amenagement du territoire est charge de proposer en collaboration avec les ministeres et organismes concernes, la politique de l'Etat dans le domaine de la protection de l'environnement et de la nature, de l'amelioration du cadre de vie et de l'amenagement du territoire et de veiller a sa mise en ceuvre. 11 est charge de promouvoir la legislation en matiere de protection de l'environnement et de conservation de la nature et de l'amenagement du territoire par des mesures a caractere general ou particulier et en prescrivant des normes d'equilibre dans le milieu naturel. Le ministere de 1tenvironnement et de l'amenagement du territoire est charg6 aussi de la conservation et de l'amelioration de la qualite de l'environnement en general et du cadre de vie, de la prevention, la reduction ou la suppression des risques qui menacent l'Homme, la flore et la faune et tous les elements de 1'environnement air, eau et sol, de preserver et developper les espaces libres necessaires au developpement des generations futures et les Espaces permettant le developpement des especes sauvages et des paysages naturels. Art. 2. En matiere d'environnement et de protection de la nature, le ministere de l'environnement et de l'amenagement du territoire est charge notamment de: Veiller a inscrire l'element environnement et integrer les preoccupations environnementales dans les plans de developpement economiques et social. Animer et coordonner les actions de l'Etat dans le domaine de la protection de l'environnement et de la conservation de la nature y compris les actions de controle, de prevention, de reduction ou de suppression de la pollution et des nuisances et de tous les risques touchant 1'environnement qu&ils resultent des particuliers ou qu'ils proviennent des grands ensembles ou des equipements collectifs ou des activites agricoles, commerciales ou industrielles. Elaborer en collaboration avec les ministeres et les organismes concernes les normes de rejet des dechets et des emissions provenant des activites industrielles, urbaines, agricoles, touristiques, de l'energie, du transport et des autres activites et de veiller a leur mise en ceuvre. Agreer les investissements dans les projets qui participent a la lutte contre la pollution et a la protection de l'environnement, encourager leur developpement et veiller a leur execution. Promouvoir toutes actions de sensibilisation d'etude et de recherche en matiere de lutte contre la pollution et de protection de l'environnement et de la nature en collaboration avec les organismes et les associations concern6es. Annex 04 - 1 Coordonner entre les programmes nationaux et intemationaux de lutte contre la pollution et de protection de 1tenvironmement. Veiller a l'application des engagements internationaux en mati&e de lutte contre la pollution et de protection de 1tenvironnement. Representer le gouvemement tunisien aupres des instances internationales et aux reunions bilaterales et multilaterales ayant pour objet la protection de l'environnement et de la nature et ce en collaboration avec les departements ministeriels concemrs. Elaborer un plan national d'intervention urgente en vue de garantir une intervention rapide en cas d'accident de pollution ou de risques majeurs qui menacent l'equilibre environnemental et veiller a sa mise en ceuvre en collaboration avec les ministeres concemrs. Promouvoir en collaboration avec les departements ministeriels et organismes concernes toutes actions et recherches a caractere scientifique, technique ou economique ayant pour objet l'amelioration des techniques de protection de l'environnement et de preservation du cadre naturel et de lutte contre la pollution. Le ministere de l'environnement et de l'amenagement du territoire exerce la tutelle sur les etablissements publics qui en relevent et sur les associations dont l'objet releve des attributions du ministere et foumit dans le cadre de moyens disponibles tout appui, aide et encouragement a l'action associative dans le domaine de la protection de l'environnement. Art. 3. Les administrations et les etablissements publics pretent leur concours aux services competents du ministere de l'environnement et de l'amenagement du territoire pour l'accomplissement de leur missions de prevention des risques et de lutte contre la pollution et les nuisances. Ils leur communiquent toutes informations sur leurs activit6s en matiere de recherche, de controle et de prevention des risques dans les domaines de leur comp6tence. Le ministre de l'environnement et de l'amenagement du territoire est informe sur les activites programmees et les moyens qui leur sont affectes. Le ministre de l'environnement et de l'amenagement du territoire est charge de prendre toutes mesures de coordination de nature a ameliorer la qualit6 et l'efficacite de l'action de l'Etat dans les domaines sus-vises ainsi que celles qui peuvent etre necessaires a l'inforTnation du public. Art. 4. En matiere d'amenagement du territoire et dans le cadre de la conception et de la mise en cmuvre de la politique nationale dans ce domaine, le ministere est appele a mettre en forme une gestion plus rationnelle du territoire et a reunir les conditions favorables a la realisation d'un developpement durable. Annex 04 - 2 SECTORAL ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF WSIL ANALYSE ENVIRONNEMENTALE SECTORIELLE DU PISEAU ANNEX 05. ANPE - DECREE 91-362 REGRULATING EAs Annex 05 - 1 I I I MINISTERE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT ET DE L'AMENAGEMENT DU TERRITOIRE AGENCE NATIONALE DE PROTECTION DE I'ENVIRONNEMENT L'etude dimpact est exigee en vue de lobtention de toute autorisation administrative pour la r6alisation dune unite industrielle, agricole ou commerciale dont l'acffvit6 peut 6tre g6neratrice de pollution ou de degradation de lenvironnement. Le present d6cret .N*91-362 du 13 mars 1991 regJemente les proc6dures d¶6laboration et d'approbation des etudes dimpact. Aatide pm¶*r.-miesdsutcMik*WTITISSA ~2 ue w do ra* Met du s e doe am erwtmeiwt na 111 j Ntisin,patatr~tmnctrrin subs4ldrnertsiesremmurces 1) Ethde drt c tl doxwwt e6g en we de lobitftcn de kdo amlis nfihea s kefeaespareprodtur adtr dwAs bim ag*cies cxi OcIUTS 8 penneft 3 ii wrae d- waiqenoesibles dpctes eTdEl du Pr* dlz caprk, d*dlwua de mouerbs d!ts decS de i Ke A c3 xzo no a d o xfawkwurt i t en p; subs et p es bswmsc etdl K bngdeeces ie s6wLttL*d2delabi8 ne l es kSt* blgwes, be cacke de vao di 1w%, or n?)rm et b 91 es dmieet Jee28Ob ldn8B-2Do 13dsu 1 1$a v artreedocxde sWatM pique de sr bl cmTaf du isnge, de ccJs6 es des bts, faeoo'. ~rCxu xi, &rskmtiseslares; 4) bs rsixs de be). is btiques du dck du prhsl d que bes Z Ur*A bAat isn afut aCu w oAMe 'rbd, agricoe cu rvnril dort pCs a o*p a b miem*e db aMou pdIkee, n,e temdes fadi pe begg eep onuoermrweri p0lccptesdbido cti;wwwt, 5) bls mfz enr5age pe b nske de kuge Cu is pdinode patr 3)k *edo oLa cup6atem pe rnephySkfACUiiK at siphe, rduke etl s posstie 1corpa le cnus4quences dmuabgc ls du dune denrinde dawkdebo cncwt un pi* pk cui aJk16 Fdque dpxrtsomrA qeIeiond sd em escp hii edup *rdLuSi Ledcaddessumuweaupmstwtieestwyfacfansun calt 4qAisstxn Is dds&n da tuar ciu des auls carpdartesc,i dowle b descugesborlipartAgeraNdnsde, Prdonde rErg t dxaimaukedeoLxMseou aupWbseisdeorid ftrurA Lie ta do b rb*aldion dhde soa bt clasgo di Rate do kuvage cu du Art 2-C'aAot ou b amits currip0entes dcssus rases no peuwt dcrLm ipxsabrnpritmarwindebru qd smrkcxaivtlhqAtrAqnce AztlO.-L &de dktrt ox Fsaic riert do te datre pr Ia ne do Na$,ue do Pntctiondse ntne,rtrestppose psAsa.I6isab twe cw u b p8le ibp esn enis etmein s apfrs do rAgiNat NiunIl de Ler nuederwceaeulwap oo rapseu serlexrvairduneauto n P ac1rrea nocm*rfaeirneAxs krn. c a irdansrauo rbt uirideolnt bi du prcL- Lauzisti do rndeon cl act unS se i f&,ie cr, ccofcxit oax pF cxu de ce da4 dok coxorter pf sas visa ArUl-Lctsque s p* swmti idbmt pUatwune efltswrun pm rena ttledspectdspJesciesdaUeodede*ir nrial ouune autre ate spEb:nwt pd4g6o, rAgwU Nlabe do Pnntbi de fEihumrmt fam le bsnss r ou ratA acnirwhih do cebl am do ia ArU.-4s dbes rqietp ri-es p Is ert dad sMt r6es oe tpAderesiO ecededctirnp pr~at~Isnwt ALs aelft adrrwislonr ede pb Ir sation cbl de Ii Le ocuuat au fakdif adkndkltve mspc do m s ieke wcn aes ie.f A fAgence Nabtdle de Pntci do M?Awvwrwt dwr un dcM msmun dun mosAcrrrdesaconrssanoedeoethpat, NW-Sort ciaire scur. a M r,I de edV bei pcids duxs A reqiabn do ce dIk fAgec Ndbm do PnRAncxi do VErmrenut pet &uii6s A fanm I kop*tdu ckt cxnrce n a ctiFd senrde r Arn&-Chefq sq dm pdun*eyt L nien aec bsesdramres pr*us A¢12.-L'Agence a Nal de PcdoP de drtnTiart dspose dwn dibl do par reus 2 du p*st d6a rautiA hkd*te t dcm rakisdlx dot Ae 3M0Acotrrdo Ieddedb rlMonepI do rdodernd potn rntersa dason du mi'se do r g ciu du pa euode dsli saiuina du cit pe d dcson apprtiodu p m e*nwt be les kiddws 6tier do cb ehid ax re mnieit de be ns is d saem es r c4p on pr*6 sa ax pr utirn A feqiaton do ce dMia le p*d ea c I ccne n"rnes do derNkGnnTrt en VUe dcbs b iur1& A tAgen Naliadbe dc Pind do p ree nde rerw*nenL rErAmmert A,t13-Nonobs tes nti p pes ,lpaI onsen r ArtS.-Dans un d6ki ne dessat pas 2D pS A corror de Is n*epicn sa r ir6e au cas OLd Pr6,dures nerbws ndam rdtue dkp pe effcble do la descbrip cindesus mmrts&e tAgewe Nwmale do Pdcbk paernmaledefurw ouapAsbwi orntpasdrespec6es, do ErEmaywnert dot asub le dApost sidt de son apptdlicx du prcjet sot do te do bs priSion dure etucb dedit vetab e une ccpi cd sa ArtL-Les depostx cku pint d6cl* sVappk,rt ax u#s indsries, dA iifaul*conscmi asgrcc u cxarmcnneswmes A rep,afon du cdi pnwu d en cds de deo rAgene, lb pqd est i*a*moeamKctt 6iseaidoncber~~uwwnui Oedan ilx Oneida ate uL *AeIci,sap asttodteasbat on A l ae dare*e en vmjr du ptert d6cret CIU tute hiobn etIfA qti fait k7,-Est sa.rne ax 4Fp-r, do pisert dkx bAs hxle icatd dndodedensin, de t n o cbo swmgaudt do ses pocbes s de as iele au m d dun pAtj ci edat b entrrt des miia depoin cu de dadtio ido rem,emnw Sort depensft do la pncb ka do tAude brpd be bas% de*bien et do gmsnseo pa, udquosaoentbsaqueles seeso rqptt AaLl-Le PrerriernWle d be t airniconxrs snst ort S gcImcun en e q i corayne, dore xon du piest dcadl QJsa ± M a Jou i OIi ArUJ-6I fat ab a d6i A datisn consied Cqu b prodped p cb o IPsR quuer1 wa des ca*s n6ga6es at rfwmwurt mima en raexee do len asi bes da ax es cMes dde ss db pd ele peti U appg t bs dptonsdefartcl5du piswtM C Adt$-4Ae corter do fduds dmrts do uekft rnideo p*Abb de runit sur re ntdc orrx reeaunftnubs6erbsu 1) b desactrin diieu doprdLd:, Annex 05 - 2 ANNEXE I ANNEXE II Unitis visies A rarUcle 4 paragraphe I Unitis vIs6es A I'artice 6 11) Etabllssements dangereux insalibres ou incommodes des deou 1) Agriculture premlires catdigores tels quo classas par la nomerclaiture visee i a- Proots d'hydraulqtue agricole 'uatiok 295 de la oJ n66-27 du 30 avrl 19S. portt code du travall b- Explobtion pouvant bitrer desvolaies 2) Raffineries de ptrole brut et Installations de gazeification et de C- ExpItatons pouvant aiter des porcs Ilqufction dau morns 00 tones de charbon ou de schstes c- instaltons d'aquacut ftnineuxt parpu jowe- RicupiratWons de ternitore sur la mer 3) Centrales therrmiques et autres installtons de combustion d'une 1) Industrie ractthe puissance cabrihque dlau moins 30OMW.a- Foragesaun profonduOr A Iexcept,on des forages pour etudier la puissance caloilfique d'au moms 3CX mi.quaftA des asol et nxtamrnnt: 4) st3 latons destinies a stocker ou a eirniner lWs dechels quels que - tes forages giolterniques; solent Ia nature et le pro6cr di'lirniation de ceux-cl - ls forages pour le stookage des d6chets: 5) Instfons destnhes e fahbrication du cirnent. - lWs forages pour F'approvisionnement en eeu; ti- Extraction dans des exliations souterrainas do ressorme 6) installations de fabriaton de produts chimiques, de pesticides, de mineralessu produits phanrnaceutiques. de peintures et de vemis, d1lastloirea c- Cokeries (distiation skhedu charbon) at de peroxydes 3) industrie de r4nergie; 7) Instaltions sidirurgiques t installations de production des mitaux a- Irstallations industielles destinees A la production d'energbe non ferreux ilectrique, de vapeur et d'eau chaude (autros quo cellos vis6es a 8) Unrte dcexporation et dredraction du petrole et du gaz naturel. ranrnexe 1) 9) Extraction a ceie oweort do rossources minerales et ies carrieres. b- InstallatiDns Industrheles destinies au transport de gaz de vapeur 10) ProJets de remembrement rural. deau chaude, transport dinergie 6loctrique par 0ignes aeriennes 11) Op6ratWons de reboisement dcunesuperfncie supeideure a 100 ha. c- Stockage ainien de gaz naturel d- Stocbkge de gaz combustble on riservoirs soLuerrains 12) DirOwhenents et proJets daffectation de terres hnultes ou e- Stockage de gaz cmbusbles fossiles ddtendues seml-naturelies A lexplitation agidole Intensive drune f- Agglom6ratlon bIkdstriek de houilb et de lignite superfleaupeileureia 1AO ha g- Instalbtions destinies A la production crinergie hvdroelectriqus 13) Sucrerles. 4) Traval des mtaux 14) Unk6s de fabrication do pate A paper, de papier et de carton a- Emooutissago, dicoupage de grosses pieces b- Traltement de surface et revitement des metaux 15) Unites de production et de traltement de cellulose c Chaudronerie. construction de riservoiws et d'autres pieces de 16) Unites de tanneries et de m4igssere ptomoerie d- ConStruction at assemblage do vihiculas automoile)s et 17) Construction de voles pour le trafic des chemns de fer, dautoroute construction d moteurs pour ceu vei ainsi quo daeroports dont la piste de decollage t d'atterrTssage a e- Chantiers navels une bn,queur de 211ao mitres oU plus. f- InstallatiOns pour la construction t l reparation draironefs 18) Pod de commerce, de peche et do plalsance. g- Construction de materiel ferroviare 19) Travaux craminagement de zones industrTiels. h- Emboutissage de fond par expbsftt !- installatin do cackhation et de frittage de minerals metalTiques 20) Travux cfamina9ement urbain. 5) Fabrication du verre 21) Ouvrages de canalisatin ode regularisation de cours dreau. 6) Industrie chimique: 22) Barrages et autres installations destinis A retenir les eaux ou A les a- Instaiation de stockage do petroe, de produTts petrocNmiques at stocker d'une maniure durable. chtmiques 23) Installtion d'oltoducs et de gazoducs 7) Industrne des produits alirnentaires 24) installation daqueducs. a- Industrie des corps gras vigitaux et animaux 24) Installation d'aqueducs. ti~~~~~~- Conserve dIe prodults ansimawc at vigitaux 25) Villages de vacances et hWteis dune capaciti superieure a25Dlrs. c- Fabrication de produits eanmters 26) Stations dcpuration. d- Brasserie et maitedre 27) Stockage de feanaies. e- Confrseries et sdorle f- hnstaatiaons destnies i abattage cranimaux; 28) Fabricaton de fibres ninraies artiticielles. 9- Fecuieries industiielles; 29) Fabrication, conditionnement. chargement ou encartouchage de h- Usines de farina de poissons et dhuile de poissons; poudres At expbosifs. 8) Industrie textile, industrie du cur, du bols at du pa,ier 30) AteLiers diquarrissage. a- Usines de laage, de degraissage et de blanchissement de la lamne 31) Les industiestextiles et I teintureriles. b- Fabdcation de panearux de fires, de particulss et de 32) Les stations d6puration des zones urbaines. cTanteureuie d fibres 9) Industrie du cuoutchouc; a- Traltement de produt A base dreladomires 10) Proets dfinrastructur. a- Consfuction de routes el d'airodromes (projets qui ne ligurent pas A lannexe 1) b- Uts trarnways I1) Modrifcati des projet figurant A fannexe 1 at qul ont donnA lieu prcedemnment A une Aude drimpact sur rerrvirnnement. Annex 05 - 3 SECTORAL ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF WSIL ANALYSE ENVIRONNEMENTALE SECTORIELLE DU PISEAU ANNEX 06. DRAFT TORs FOR WATER RESOURCE STUDIES The following project descriptions were developed for the National Water Strategy of Tunisia and were reported in: Republique Tunisienne. Ministere de I'Agriculture. DGRE. Etude du secteur de l'eau. Theme 5. Analyse des problemes de la pollution hydrique. Rapport deflnitif: Groupement Lahmeyer International - SCET-Tunisie. Tunis, 1998. Annex 06 - 1 I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 8.2.3 Avant-Projet T5.3: Elaborer les grandes lignes d'un plan directeur national pour la maitrise de la pollution des ressources en eau Ref. Rapport: Thmie 5; Chapitres 6 et 7 JusUfication: Avec les enormes efforts de reglementation, de controle et d'investissement dans les domaines d'assainissement des eaux usees et d'orientation des industries, la Tunisie se trouve au premier rang parmi les pays de la sous- region, dans la maitrise de la pollution et dans la protection des ressources en eau. Mais, A co jour, la base generale manque qui donne l'orientation en matiere de la protection de l'environnement hydraulique qui aurait un caractere imperatif pour tous les operateurs economiques. De nombreuses reflexions et travaux ont ete entrepris dans ce domaine, notamment par le MEAT, p.ex. le "Programme d'action national de l'environnement et du developpement durable pour le XXI6" sisde (Agenda 21 National). Afin de se preparer convenablement pour les anness apres 2000 dans le domaine hydraulique, il est recommande de franchir l'tape suivante. Ce franchissement doit consister a concrstiser les rssultats obtenus a ce jour et A proceder A l'elaboration du plan directeur national pour la mattrise de la pollution de l1eau. Description de Dans l'objectif d'orienter les operateurs economiques et socio-economiques 'intervention: vers un developpement durable, il est propose quo le MEAT procede a l'elaboration d'un plan directeur natonal pour la maitrise de ia pollution de l'eau. Pour ce faire, il pourra toutefois se servir des experiences en la matiere dont disposent d'autres organismes administratifs ou de recherche et enseignement Parmi les sujets qui seront pris en consideration, les sujets suivants ne manqueront surtout pas: - La projection de l'evolution de la qualite du milieu recepteur, dans le cas precis, celle des reserves d'eau, tant en surface (dans les oueds ou lacs de retenue) que dans les nappes. Ceci est a faire en tenant compte de la sensibilite du produit qui doit etre A la disponibilite de tous les citoyens et ceci en bonne qualite et & tout momenL - La projection de lIevolution dans le cbte des pollueurs potentiels, a savoir, les industries, I'agriculture, la population, les services. - Les normes admissibles; les moyens juridiques, institutionnels, humains et technologiques pour les faire respecter. - La recherche des techniques altematives de production et d'utilisation. en jouant aussi sur le critere d'economie de l'eau. NB: le prix n'est bien sur pas le seul parametre A prendre en consideration, car le c6te social ne peut pas Atre n6gligd dans les travaux de reflexion relatifs A l'eau. - Importance du r6le que l'information joue dans ce domaine, tant par des media 'publics' que par l1enseignement. La population doit etre inform6e sur la situation actuelle, sur la rapidit6 de degradation de la qualite de ce produit, sur les altematives disponibles tant du cote production que de l'utilisation, Soumission et adopton de la strategie nationale. Apres son etablissement, il est important de proceder intensivement a sa publication, en insistant surtout sur sa vision et ses resultats A long terme mais aussi sur la n6cessit: de son application dans l'imm6diat. Annex 06 - 2 Action T5.la Actualisation de l'lnventaire des sources potentielles de pollution hydrique. RWf. Rapport ThAme 5; Chapitre 6.1.1.3 Justification: Pour definir et representer les objectifs poursuivis en matiere de contr6le de la qualite des eaux, des cartes des sources de pollution hydrique, cartes de vulnerabilite des nappes et des cours d'eau a la pollution, cartes de la qualit6 de tous les milieux recepteursi etc. faciliteront la suivi de M'etat environnemental du milieu recepteur. Ces cartes doivent etre bas6es sur des donn6es fiables et representatives de chaque milieu recepteur et par consequent elles dolvent etre systematiquement actualis6es, sur la base des inventaires actualis6s. Plusieurs donn6es existent d6A, notamment le cadastre des rejets hydriques industrels (CADRIN), recemment elabore par l'ONAS ainsi que les donnees collectees par I'OTED/ANPE, les cartes de la pollution elabor6es par la DGRE (la carte de 1993 indique la source de la pollution hydrque, et le milieu recepteur [oued ou nappel auquel les eaux us6es sont rejetees), et les resultats de suivi fait par la DGETH qui peuvent etre exploit6s pour relaboration des cartes en question. Description de Pour l'actualisation de l'inventaire et l'etablissement des cartes, les interven- l'intervention: tions suivantes sont proposees: - D6signation au sein de I'ANPE d'une commission charg6e de la direction de l'action et de t'Mlaboration des cartes en question. - DAfinition des diff6rentes classes de qualite des eaux a representer en foncton des modes d'exploitation actuels de ces eaux, de la periode pour laquelle une moyenne des donnees sera effectu6e, et en fonction de la forme de reprAsentation des dlasses de qualit6 des eaux sur la carte. - D1coupage du r6seau des eaux de surface en differents trongons dAfinis oCb les donn6es qualite devront etre reprAsent6es; idem pour les eaux souterraines. - Elaborafton d'un mod6le mathematique permettant de convertir les donnees en fonction des differentes classes de qualiR definies. - Evaluation de toutes les donn6es existantes on matiere de qualit6 des saux de surface en Tunisie (Barrages, Oued Medjerda et Canal MCB), en controlant leur exhaustivit6 du point de vue des classes de qualite A repr6senter en liaison avec les trongons du reseau des eaux de surface, tels que definis; idem pour les eaux souterraines. - Organisaton, pendant touts la p6riode definie, de la collecte de donn6es sur la qualite des eaux; dans le cas ou des lacunes seraient constat6es, completer les donn6es de base. - Elaboration etlou parachevement d'une carte de base en l'int6grant dans un SIG pour 1'enregistrement des donn6es qualite, calcul des classes de qualit des eaux pour les sous-bassins definis et visualisation des classes qualitM sur la carte. - Activit6s de routine dans le cadre du projet Mise A jour continue des cartes de la qualite des eaux. Annex 06 - 3 Action T5.1b Mise en place d'un r6seau national de suiVi et de contrOle de la qualit6 des ressources en eau Rf. Rapport: Theme 5; Chapitre 6.1.1.3; 6.1.2.2 Justification: Les reseaux de contr6le de la qualite des eaux existants en Tunisie sont tres limit6s, que ce soit au niveau de leur couverture du territoire ou au niveau de leur technologie et performance. En general, I'accent du contr6le de la qualite des eaux est mis au parametre salinit6, pourtant plusieurs autres parametres ou matieres de pollution peuvent affecter la qualite de l'eau. Par ailleurs, les donnees sur la qualite des eaux sont souvent dispers6es au sein de certains organismes, donc non centralis6es. La situation actuelle necessite absolument d'Atre chang6e pour assurer un contr6le plus efficace de la qualite des eaux. Description de La mise en place du r6seau national de contr6le de la pollution hydrique l'intervention: consists en grande partie d'une extension et amelioration des parties de reseaux qui sont deja en place. II faudra s'en servir des r6seaux de suivi des eaux de surface et souterraines en place, et des extensions de ces demiers telles que prevues par plusieurs projets proposes dans le cadre du Theme 3, notamment les actions T3.2a et T3.2d. Cette action profite egalement du renforcement du personnel et logistiques (y compris le renforcement en capacit6s de laboratoires) (T5.1j). De ce fait, les interventions A entreprendre consistent notamment en: - Analyse des cartes des sources potentielles de pollution hydrique. Elaboraton des criteres indiquant le potentiel de risques provenant des pollueurs actuels et potenUels. Proceder A l'identiflcation du potentiel de risques. Etablissement d'une liste de prioit6s a respecter lors de la mise en place du r6seau. - Renforcement et modemisaffon du reseau de mesure des elements majeurs limite actuellement au nord et a un degr6 moindre au centre du pays (multiplication de points de mesure, evaluer l'utilitA d'installation des salinigraphes et de la tel6transmission des mesures, etc.) en se servant, dans la mesure du possible, des reseaux en place ou renforces par les projets propos6s au Theme 3. - Etablir les programmes d'Achantillonnage, puis proceder A leur r6alisation dans le suivi quotidien. - Mise en place d'un systeme de contr6le et de suivi de la pollution dans les cours et plans d'eau au moyen de SIG (stations de mesures, fiches de situation, publication des cartes de vulnerabilite A la pollution, publication periodique des cartes de pollution, etc.), en tenant compte de la carte de base produite par l'action T5.1a. - Activit6s de routine dans Is cadre du projet Mise A jour continue des cartes de la qualit des eaux. - Collecte des donnees dans des banques centrales des donnees de la qualite des eaux A partir desquelles les resultats sont mise a la disposition de tous les utilisateurs. Annex 06 - 4 Action T5.le Elaborer un programme pour la r6forme du cadre institutionnel RWf. Rapport: Thbme 5; Chapitres 4, 7 et 8 Justification: Le savoir-faire dans le domaine de la protection des ressources en eau no manque pas en Tunisie. Cependant, c'est au niveau institutionnel qu'existe des faiblesses. Actuellement, plusieurs organismes sont impliqu6s dans la collecte des donn6es relatives a la qualite des eaux. Ceci est acceptable dans la mesure oiu los tAches, les responsabilites de tous les intervenants sont bien pr6cisees, et si les rbsultats sont traites selon un consensus commun, puis si les r6sultats sont rassembles par un service qul assure leur stockage et qui se charge de les mettre A la disposition de tous les utilisateurs potentiels. Vu qu'en Tunisle les conditions uprecision des textes" et "un servicem ne sont pas remplies, ron risque de ne pas obtenir la pleine efficacit6 dans le contr6le de la qualite des eaux, ou bien, I'autre extreme, de constater un double emploi. La gestion de la qualite de reau necessitera une combinaison assez diff6rente de specialisations. Ainsi, les autorites tunisiennes devraient recenser les disciplines necessaires et repartir, en fonction de celles-ci, les taches aux organismes concemes, renforcer les programmes de collaboration entre les organismes et les universit6s et mettre la flexibilitA et l'efficacit du secteur pNv6 au profit de ce secteur. Description de En se servant des reflexions faites dans les Chapitres 6 et 7 de propositions, I'intervention: puis dans les conclusions du Chapitre 8, il est propose de realiser les interventions suivantes: - Constitution d'une commission repr6sentant les divers organismes impliques dans ce domaine qui assumera l'elaboration du programme. - Identifier et proposer les ajustements insfftutionnels n6cessaires. Description des taches des uns et des autres, et definition des limites de leur responsabilitA. - Evaluation des moyens humains et materiel existants. - Evaluation des moyens et des possibilites de coordination et de cooperation entre rAdministraffon et les universites et centres de recherches. - Evaluation de la possibilit6 de d6sengagement de rEtat concemant certains services et de la possibilite de mettre au profit de ce secteur la flexibilite et l'efficacit6 du secteur priv6. - Evaluation de la n6cessit6 de cr6ation des bureaux regionaux. - Elaboration d'un projet de programme pour ia reforme du cadre insfftutionnel en tenant compte de resuftats des evaluations faites. - Ajustement, puis approbation du programme par les hi6rarchies competentes. Le programme 6tant approuv6, il est imperatif de proc6der a son application. Annex 06 - 5 SECTORAL ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF WSIL ANALYSE ENVIRONNEMENTALE SECTORIELLE DU PISEAU ANNEX 07. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE PARTICIPATORY PERIMETER PLANNING A Annex 07 - 1 0 ~f1wIIJlL1WI1JNIl.~Rfl'S I)E,MARCltE D'UN PRIOJET DIlRRIGATION VANS-) g V ~~~~~~~~LE CADlRE DIE L'APPROCIIE PARTICIPATIVE i, - 5ll PLANNING D'INTERVENTION ACTIVITES INTERVENAITS _________________________________.____________ __ CtOA Athons ds ACTIONS DE LAPPROCHE PARTICIPATIVE t S RYAT K)ENTFICATION DU PROJET _ oJc _ Ccntd tsldb Apect Aspects R1unions CrEdatIo dAlMeS q . . . ________________________________________________ user T ec allan psi gtboup c Assist&, Talr . .i lM tafacauion dott upmjc cst une Elape ndcessaire avantrdlna)bo1ation __ d'Eludes apeixntiesy nt altMrotes . Wile concetne: 4Ddiimitlion de p6ftbtre- Bablizement de In liste des .R1 R'ons Sfitdtls de romatin f tWMIchIirts r pddzwponion les tnetRdliciates potentleis) actions (1) ii (5) durmnt Its enqottes s-IM tbtectnttqes s (ressources tutmrelis, disponibilite ct a I lloctio n dcs rssoaurces en cua, localsation possible du pErisnetic, (voir annexe I et 2) qualitc de 1eata, natur do sol et gEomorphologic.) > *IAS aspds tweittux 5 (IdontirKanion des conhraintes previsibles, i itrdition dIrilgaion, natuus des cultures exirtasites ................... * O I 4,'sltuatlmai des edbls dett perttIons ds'mdnagemeot * ti dn ita. sat vatttsw (sawr ta bas des nornes adniases t gEnhakuentcdesapritdulsda shefklstilU) 'PHASER Ia BtIrU1DE VE FAiSAIIIUTE __ ______ ___ ___ _ ____ I-ENQUETWSTZIENI2H I K1 T SOUQ.ICQNQMlQUES (ENOJ 2 Collect. des,dn tot lIs milieux physique (pIt I I I I II IIIIal ti ole I. ettsists et comn Idmeni dEl(udes ndces3aires ( tn.*eAo ,%_ ______j . *wsetaAlon des mirmincts des composmntes du pmjt,c des cultures _ * 0 . I2) - des maodtles cultumsux adoptds do rsetsuet mode dinigalion ! Fitsc. d resettt inissemntenct de drninage (f11 y a lieu)I II I I I i I I S lotdwi,ulaiIn t(gravfalc *perin, locasliMse..) * C * 0 X#i. technIque d4 lnsatlulonncile V.. mft-2Xsiexd u)ienceda enlsa ttil ticais ladults an Int.., 0 I |3) N*09visk luhIba.dudfdateu U 0 0 wApc tmddseiodtl d aIlan dos do besoinsen seaibillsatliosdesb ndflciui_i I - t , - -m - i 24M 1 2-AiRU TECIIlN>iQU AU NIVEAU __i''*'''^'.......... .., Ir tAVAIUPROJKTSOAIIAII(AM itJ4, 1^t*ttta t l'o tts apque pfdokJques ect Ootec o ises - u Miilo6 eiacnis tneestvauax ek er I I I visite connauissance avce IC atcl-w me in consuit) | * 0 et les reprEteotuss do CIWDA I 4iIlIf 13Et10de pdogique iou gtecihique eItailic * , oplotectk'i,to uiaises.| O | cartopsihlc) 1 1 -II -I- _teulo des tr tuxci suiviEirisArfondissaenijs concenris - - - rem tRpones r= t xttxmns ItI t 1Q I -lt--ll t - l l' pw .i wykes d_ - -A- 2 . -. - INTERVENANTS AUItIVI`TVl S Actions di ACTIONS DE iAPPROCHE PARTICIPATIVE 1OBEIVATIOI4S AIO taCx P tit aulntlibsati Aspe Apwts unions Cf4fthn i dAIC tA 0.00, Cs.isuI tLechniquus sotion par gro Assisisac. Tech~. . 9 _ _ tttit Ctt _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~-12 3 1151 61 T b 9 0 1111 1 13 14i 0 317 I h 2.1 . ............nu air -DdIimitition du perinttre 4') Conrfumltion de la liszt (eg alricuIerFI_ tnC W _ ___L____ - ?,esntentln ftes varainnies techluiques des conlposnlta dui psojet 9 0 2) 2tme tour des n5unions gendkes: (point drene retenu. etude agre m.niqutdletniliEe.besoins en cau des 43) Presentation des dEtails sur Its aspects cultures, station (ce pmrlinage, rcservoir, mode dtirrigation, trwEs (es 44) - techniques actions (I)at() rEweaux dirTigntion ct de drainage. inrrnstructure de bfSe des e) et de gestionw actions (6) ik (9) sunidagenselits fonciers pistes, twre veitnt nivellerment,.) Ajostement des varlanics selon la discussion avcc les O bneircinlres de pirokt (actualisation do coOtt do projet) ___ ____ ^ Mode de gestion du rutur pdritbire: (concept d'AIC, brave prEsentation do anoxe tei fonctionnmcnnt et dentretleni (6) des rde5euu hydmuliques du trimetrec des noxalites dc recouvrtcnent.) AT __ __) * Pinaliti do contrat drengngemnent. du rotidb de roulement (P I et do contrat de gdrance )istributiona des contrets drenggemenit _ColIacto des avis des _nEiciaies conc_nusi I_aspect __stion __ 3-EtMDED FAtsARILirm (I.) _F 3-1 *-CZoeptiou du proJd I I I * Resumd des oplions techniques de Il'usn 6ement hydrnulique 0 i - °I___I L T * ScMmtdnm eumgenenti tQ chelle rddulte) _ I_ I II _ il__ Plumns denseanble b rdchelle 1/50(1) ou IQOOO t1 desrEsenux hydruliques _ _ _ - - _I______ Elbation deat coinposantl agronomnique I 0 342 -Anslyss ECOaWnUlIse0 Ct FhIFaIKiftr *Esihastion des coalts d'investtsse,nentt (des frais d'exploitatlon -.- - 0 ____ txes et variables, du prix deo reient du m3 CDau f distrihbuer _||- | Esthnatlon des charges de production ct des revens |s des agriculteurs __ II_I|-lI *vshutotion des taux de rentabilild Econornique et finnictere | |_|____ * Taox elt nxdalld de paletene des coSOts dexpluitaition pr * n o I k leabnfickirems uihmtkoti du budget prdvisionnel deo AIC 0 0 * 4 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ INTElWVEANAttS . A(:IVITK's_ Atioen 6 ACTIONS DE L'APPROCHE PARlTICIPATIVE OOSERVATIONJS AAn CtICI Soo bpUgH smbikjdl Aspects Atse R*tnione _ Cidlon erAIC at ICchilq_ _es_lo Ipar _ Assit0ct ht>J _ _ . . __ _ _ _ _ 12141' tiL7-l t.1 .................2....41 .1 6 1 1 1 9. 1 ol it1121E 13 114 15161171 PHASE 11- FIUUI)P WAVANT r'ROJEF VErAhLLE__ Redimenionnneoict Evest tuh pdrtbr _d_O __L_ ____ 0 *Avartfse mEt e. vistimndli'd chuicune de t r nts _ ___-- - - __ Prsentation des notes de caicut at dik plans de d4tais 0 'Actnalisatin du tunx de tutabilitd _ oritntion des cts tCh ( ro. ci o .M,.o llKn,s i, 0 (10) REun _- -- loi do smsib bdsaio pr gropo retreitits PHlASE 111- HOUSSIER UEtEXFCUTION __________________________________________ Co. l ds ca el r w S. 1- ETUDE D'EECUFTItON - Implant et emitlhilsation sut le tetitt ties tents .| | 12) e| | | | |||| ||05prEse)ice des riciaires costlttiftis des dienitts It I I et ouvI_LtOt * Etablisstment des pl:nms d'cxcullon des diffwnts -uvenjes 0 (rWmilhi.3e gosigenci.¢vif.) _ne s -ic -- Levi des prorils en klng et cn travers ces cnnalistiors. voicvks | im ntes sir tenain & uroc _e Wkel_ .11111 LLL LEnral __ _r cMmoire descAiptipei(cutij atirf 0 . F v . 2- DOSSIER DE NSUILTATINIDES04NThtYPRISES ESt conroennr ispohmrts adfdn l4l.c e satc es des 1o |o lO |l I II CREATION DE rAIC: ! 14) W H VoirdEtail en" tisexss 3- REALISATHYNRU PIRoJIP1' 3.11 teceinrt deis ci. d'al'rts (AlA) )II III hlaronumerl'AMc de 1avisdA.0 0 - _ _ - Voir en atiexe les detaiLs des actions (15), 3-21 Dptfmnut du s (I 6) et (I 7) 3.3/lrorauilo dos ca,trprkrw (lu(uMW.idio do izEnilat f(1704 Iswiam) 3-4IEEcuoadon umis c ____ Notlica lonparo.S Pour enregistieltni du arcbdsign6 m _ 1 - - .. -l -L kromio rrMcdo#MrMICt7gdcstrvaux -I | *Formalondes puoitn*sclisdesAIC _I . 1___ rc-adrimendut assistrane chnique auxi AIC E 0 - Suivide l'apprikdonduo c d E _ _ (cnS d gri O Q bOgdw.IConsl _-, 1r " elriEods do iraax iWR hK vas7APPROCIJE PARTIaxrI ANNEX E P1- IfTERVENANTS PHASES D'ETUDE D'UN PROJET Acrivrrus cROA I"* IJOA CJAta 5k CAid FWIATtOt FAISADUTE UUUDE D AVANT A EIUD JO DS*IVAtttINS _ It4 t _______E A_ _ F _5T Ornl ET r aEsECiD _ _ ;E_C_ __O i 2 3 4 . 7 9 I to 1 2 t3 14 1! Cette phast sets mwec e A ttavers des r6unionb g6vEralcs ou par groupcs testreints danas fc but 1- INFORMIATION, S.IPSIBlI.ItATION Et CONCERTATION d'inromier et de tscibiliser les futurs AVEC LES DISNEFiCtAtRMS aggtiultcras gn fiur et ainesure de l'avlatincme du projct . I- I REunion gintralc d'infrrt,naIn i U SoDA doil Ehc present aux graidlCs runions I 141 PrEsen t oin des ob el~f dyriq t ed csonootskcnqe -U_ 0 Ott SEImihtoiC res___ L __ _1 1.P tettind seicy uEter r c_ _ __ . _o __. _=. .. . . _ usmmrs... I Ddlinnitntion du perimbtre: Etoblissement dI In lisle des bdn6ficiaires (en fonctioni do lsur prEdisjosition) 2-P Esenhion des viantes des cuiposanrtes do proict. des cultures d n * 0 _ et des mordles couturnix adopids. du reseou ct du mode dirrigatlion proposts. do reau dtaminissenitent de dminage _i _ a_ _f_ _ .____ 3- Meurm d'accompagnemneit existantes 0 0O 4-Test ds degrd'adhdsion des bdldKcines au projet cl0 0 prosilion ifamEliorations (selon k aspirations des bEnErciacues) ________l___________________________ 6- tdeMiftstion dei besoins en sensibilisation des bdneilchitires __ I -1-2 - Sensibillswrion d la gession dnuprojet __________________ . Mode de gestion du fulur pErlnttre: concept d'AIC. 11 y a lico de preciscr la nfcessie breve presentation du aode tk fotclionbiemcnt ct dentrttict d tuin personnel spELAOisE et compElent des reseaux hdnftliques du ptEtintire au sem de 'AICt 7. PrEsentation du coOt dinvestissementi de fonciotiotcnaCltt et - 0 d'entretien, des anodalitEs do mecouvremcnt des Crois d'exploitationi et de maitenance (vente deno, foods de rouiement..),tnux el montants envisagds _ S. fitttie de contola denagtenmcnlt. du fonds de romulecnt 0 C _ O Le_ contrals dengagement font b recupErer et do contr t de pdrance .Distribution des contran d'engaotemeint t ia prochalne mission 1-tlctc des avis det; bwffiIniresGcon ernant =se =so - _ _ _ - - 1-2 *R- snlonspargrvupes reslrntr sorires tpeckt sech,dqfses Les rEunionts par petits groupes seront mendes Inr l'lnnieur Conseil. 1i0 PrEsentatilon des aspects techniques (rint foncier, plan patrcellnire U O 0 O eniplacweent des oovrages, dEbit el pression ntux bornes,four deau, dwe, mode ebrigation . prEsentation des coinignes dec tonctionnemenl et d'ctttrceln des fdsenux hydrauliques (calendrier. docuinens de suivi ...), dEontomie de I'en (seasibilitonet d information ttr le$ sysiemes exisiants)) .. _______ _. i 11 Colecte des xcontents detigngetnct __ * _Q___ L = _ _ __ 112- jnpl4stton des rescoux hydrauliques en prEsence des beneGciaires o _ v_e de (acliter Is sulision d rroj4t ulrteit 18.Elabonation dee ea ilvuaitt tiion , I -I ° q | F et :.s de . .,. ... = Lo ph t. dlidalok tlof & mnnt to W#Matet e u CRa.A d _____...__UKIS __ lPh^"tdc A N N E X _ P-2- SIIERVENASI5 ~~~~Pham. do ACrrlviTls CRD_ i9 Etude iancm.niit d Observations MIS CIAE Sp4e. Coms crexecuion A rsatlan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ MaUit __ _ _ dupiiutt - C TION De IAI'C PFT .tiAfllt.i&rEmNr DU CONTRAT Dt GERArICE x. 14 lapes rJc O*erHtan de (IAIC: Rdalisc ptr Ia C/AIC du CRDA cta suivrc avant It ilncement dos travaux * Mhis au point lb lislWle ds agrinultcurs s Repdmge des Elniolns ilitiu pts pour foriner le Comcil d Administrnilou (CA) de l'AIC * Assembiee (Mandrle (ldiscueion et dlection) c Consltutioui du comilt piuviwoirt s De cndo de crdtiom do rAlC . AMrohago * Preiamtlon do dossier d'aiprobaukon * Tnsunlsslon Dt Coll) * Appiabollon par Ic (ill s Antid de crfation de lhAIC * Tenue de rAssembide G6nrale comsiltutliv s Elcton des inmnbcs ie rAlC c Dsldon do Conscil dAdoministratido * 1abrisset t du contmt do gidnice c Mi. ASSISrANCK DES A U:_______________. ILPFOOM01i iJtsannescIEz des d 1 AIC = =_ *Journ coimune iWrnmialon a ltnlcntlio des prdsidentis trdsorits ou des gardicis poinpistes, niguadiers. (y compris In p0parntion de la journae) * joetrne partliculAre do fonnutiio fmr spM Cialild 1. prEsidenas 2. Irsoters 3 gardkins poniptmes 4. .iuadier To , ,.. - IfinArfi et WIAR avrI 7rt Eacedeau,cmna tuist t teen" atu_________ '_____ ____ * Sensibillsationet Infomintiolb ties u es et deisC colicernont_ le contrat d'nbonnecmnt A 1'eas. le contm tde grmnee. la colkect des reodvaices. cienseiginenieits ties de lexpdrinc