E-202 VOL.22 CHAD EXPORT PROJ ECT f VOLUME 4 * Regional Development Plan: Near Term Measures * Revenue Management Plan * Institutional Capacity Building =-ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD' -,PORTION l 1 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND UPDATE Environmental Supporting Environmental Management Plan - Documents Management Plan - Chad Portion Cameroon Portion VOLUME 1 VOLUME 1 VOLUME 1 * Base Document * Project Description * Base Document * Management Plan for Cultural Properties - Decommissioning * Induced Access Management Plan * Handbook for Site-Specific * List of Studies/Reports Management Plan for Cultural Properties Environmental Mitigation Actions * List of Consultants/Experts * Handbook for Site-Specific Environmental * Environmental Monitoring Plan VOLUME 2 Mitigation Actions VOLUME 2 * Alternatives Analysis * Environmental Monitoring Plan * Biophysical/Socioeconomic/Health VOLUME 3 VOLUME 2 Technical Requirements and * Consultation and Public Review Program * Biophysical/Socioeconomic/Health Specifications Technical Requirements and Specifications VOLUME 3 * Oil Spill Response: Preliminary VOLUME 3 * Compensation & Resettlement Plan Approach * Compensation Plan _* VOLUME 4 VOLUME 5 VOLUME 4 * Regional Development Plan: V Chad Biological Studies * Environmental Foundation Plan Near Term Measures * Cameroon Biological Studies * Offsite Environmental Enhancement Program * Revenue Management Plan * Indigenous Peoples Plan * Institutional Capacity Building VOLUME 6 * Chad Public Health VOLUME 5 VOLUME 5 * Cameroon Public Health * Waste Management Plan * Waste Management Plan VOLUME 6 VOLUME 6 * Environmental Line List * Environmental Line List * Environmental Alignment Sheets * Environmental Alignment Sheets REFERENCE DOCUMENTS 4/29/99 This document is available in English and French. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD PORTION VOLUME 4 Part I Regional Development Plan: Near Term Measures Urgent Measures to Mitigate Indirect Social and Environmental Impacts of the Chad Export Project: Provisional Action Plan May 1999 06-99 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was prepared with the assistance of Mr. Masra Tamtangar Ngoidi (consultant) who facilitated, with the representatives of Esso and the Chad Government, the consultation workshops at which representatives of the Government of Chad, NGOs and various Chadian civil and human rights associations reviewed and discussed the first draft of the document. We are also grateful to Mr. Willem Floor (World Bank, Energy Division) for providing information on the productivity of Sudanian woodland in southern Chad. Most importantly, I would like to thank Mr. Sandjima Dounia, Director General of the Ministry of Environment and Water, and President of the CTNSC (National Technical Committee for Environmental Monitoring), who has provided constant support for this undertaking. His unflagging enthusiasm and energy helped catalyze the technical team's efforts. Without this support and leadership, it would have been impossible to complete all that has been necessary within the very tight schedule. RDP Text English 1 May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................ 5 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................ 8 CHAPTER 2 APPROACH ............................................ 9 CHAPTER 3 BACKGROUND ............................................ 1 1 CHAPTER 4 NATURAL RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS ............................................ 12 Housing and land use ............................................ 12 Food security ............................................ 13 Water resources and supply ............................................ 13 Energy ............................................ 13 Other renewable natural resources ............................................ 14 Waste management ............................................ 15 Public health and sanitation ............................................ 15 Transport and communications ............................................ 15 Inflation ............................................ 16 CHAPTER 5 PRIORITY MITIGATION AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES ................................. ........... 17 Reducing immigration ............................................ 17 Averting negative impacts ............................................ 18 Mitigating negative impacts ............................................ 18 CHAPTER 6 COSTS ............................................ 21 CHAPTER 7 BUDGETARY CONSIDERATIONS .......................................................................................... 22 CHAPTER 8 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ........................ 23 CHAPTER 9 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ........................ 24 CHAPTER 10 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING REQUIREMENTS ......................... .................. 25 CHAPTER 11 INDICATORS OF PERFORMANCE AND IMPACT ........................................... 27 RDP Text English 2 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN CHAPTER 12 NEXT STEPS ........ 28 BIBLIOGRAPHY Appendix A: Terms of Reference Appendix B: Results of Work Groups - Consultation Session on the Regional Development Plan for the Chad Export Project - N'Djam6na Appendix C: Works Synthesis Appendix D: Consultation on the Regional Development Plan for the Chad Export Project - Doba Appendix E: Consultation on the Regional Development Plan for the Chad Export Project - Moundou Appendix F: Consultation on the Regional Development Plan for the Chad Export Project - B6b6djia Appendix G: Current Situation and Changes Which Were Made to the Project and the Regional Development Plan for the Chad Export Project - N'Djam6na Appendix H: Potential Indirect Socioeconomic Impacts due to Induced Migration into the Oil Field Development Area of Southern Chad (Appendices B-G are available in French only) LIST OF TABLES 1. Estimated Costs for Urgent Mitigation Measures 2. Implementation Schedule for Urgent Mitigation Measures 3. Institutional Responsibilities for Implementing Urgent Mitigation Measures 4. Illustrative Indicators of Performance and Impact of Measures to Mitigate the Indirect Social and Environmental Effects of the Chad Export Project 5. Draft Indicator Description Sheet RDP Text English 3 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AFD Agence Fran,aise pour le D6veloppement AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ASDEC Association pour le D6veloppement de l'Epargne et du Cr6dit BELACD Bureau d'Etudes et de Liaison des Associations Caritatives pour le D6veloppement C&RP Compensation and Resettlement Plan CEFOD Centre d'Etudes et de Formation pour le D6veloppement CILONG Centre d'Information et de Liason des ONG CIRAD Center for International Cooperation on Agronomic Research for Development COLONG Coordination Locale des ONG CTNSC Comite Technique National de Suivi et Contr6le des Aspects Environnementaux des Projets Petroliers EA Environmental Assessment EEPCI Esso Exploration and Production Chad Inc. EMP Environmental Management Plan EU European Union FCFA Franc de la Communaut6 Financiere Africaine (the currency of the Republic of Chad) FED European Fund for Development GDT Government of Chad GTZlKfW Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit/Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus IFC International Finance Corporation MEE Ministry of Environment and Water MSF M6decins Sans Frontiere NGO Non-Governmental Organization OFDA Oil Field Development Area PAOP Projet d'Appui aux Organisations Paysannes PASR Projet d'Appui aux Structures Rurales PSAP Projet des Services Agricoles et Pastoraux RDP Regional Development Plan SPONG Secretariat Permanent des ONG STD Sexually Transmitted Disease TOR Terms of Reference TOTCO Tchad Oil Transportation Company S.A. UNDP United Nations Development Program VITA Volunteers in Technical Assistance WHO World Health Organization RDP Text English 4 May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ENVRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The objective of this document is to outline appropriate measures to mitigate the anticipated indirect impacts of the Project resulting mainly from the immigration of people seeking employment or moving to the region in expectation of other tangible benefits. The immediate purpose of this Plan is to ensure that the potential long-term benefits for development in the region are not impeded owing to the economic, social and environmental costs associated with a large afflux of unemployed immigrants. The approach that is adopted in this report is to examine first the immediate requirements to limit immigration to people who have guaranteed employment and, second, to identify specific activities that will help reduce the socioeconomic burden of a large immigrant population. The present document is the product of a thorough review of an earlier draft. The first draft was reviewed during a two day workshop held under the auspices of the CTNSC on March 17th and 18th 1999 at the Centre d'Etude et de Formation pour le Developpement in N'Djamena. The participants included representatives of the Ministries of the Government of Chad, NGOs, and Associations de la Societ6 Civile. In total there were 35 participants. Following the participatory review by the NGO representatives and others, the preliminary document was also discussed in detail at three public meetings held in the region surrounding the oil fields. Large public consultation meetings were convened in Doba and Moundou on March 22nd and 23r and in Bebedja on March 25th. Subsequently, a final public forum was held in the Palais du 15 Janvier in N'Djam6na on March 29t. In this document we will stress the crucial importance of differentiating urgent measures to mitigate the impact of large-scale immigration to the region during the construction phase of the Project from those measures designed to ensure that the potential social and economic benefits of the Project are fully realized. This is not to say that mitigation measures are more important than the development activities: both will be essential to ensuring equitable and sustainable development in the region. Rather, we recognize that the development potential of the region and the Project could be jeopardized if large numbers of unemployed immigrants move into the area during the early stages of the Project. This population could severely damage the region's natural resources and the existing social services such as health and education. In effect, large-scale immigration would impair the region's development potential. Our two goals, therefore, are first to limit the number of people moving to the area in search of work. The second goal is to avert or reduce the negative impact of an unemployed immigrant population while at the same time ensuring that the mitigation activities do not encourage these people to stay in the region. In this sense, the mitigation measures should neither aim to integrate the immigrants into the local population or provide tangible benefits to the immigrants; the measures should merely avert or alleviate any severe hardship that could result in physical harm to the people. The mitigation measures should not be construed as development activities in themselves; they are merely measures that will establish the conditions that will enable current and future economic development to proceed without undue hindrance. In order to design an effective response to the possible influx of large numbers of unemployed people into the region, it is essential to attempt to gauge the numbers as accurately as possible. Moreover, it is also essential to adopt a strategy that acknowledges that there is a large degree of uncertainly in predicting the likely numbers. Appendix H of this Regional Development Plan provides an estimate of between 5 000 and 16 000 immigrants made up of people seeking work and dependents of people employed by the Project. Here we have added a worst case scenario RDP Text English 5 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN based on experiences elsewhere in Africa that has up to 24 000 people moving to the region. The possible impact of a large influx of people seeking employment in the region around the oil fields is summarized in Appendix H and also in Chapter 3 of the Regional Development Plan study. The main areas of concern are the following: * Housing and land use; * Food security; * Water resources and supply; . Energy; * Other renewable natural resources; * Waste management; * Public health and hygiene; * Transport and communications; and . Inflation. The demand for resources and services in these sectors will be concentrated largely in the urban centers closest to the oil fields where some basic infrastructure already exists. The increased demand will severely strain the current resources and services. In order to mitigate potential negative impacts, three general strategies are required. The first is to attempt to reduce the number of immigrants seeking work by informing the populace of the limited employment opportunities in the region before they decide to move. The provision of transport for unemployed immigrants wishing to move away from the region will be an important adjunct to this. The second strategy is to attempt to avert the potential negative impact of a large immigrant population especially on public health and hygiene by establishing health monitoring facilities and providing essential services. The third strategy is to ameliorate those negative impacts that cannot be prevented or averted if there is a significant population increase. In this category, the provision of energy, water and food and shelter are priorities. All of the recommended mitigation activities are essential and none is significantly more important than the others. This notwithstanding, it will be essential that certain activities are prioritized with regard to their implementation schedule. It is crucial that the current public information and awareness campaign is intensified to disseminate information about recruitment procedures for the Project and limited employment opportunities in the region. This should happen immediately. Other activities that should be implemented with all due haste are the creation of improved medical surveillance and essential health services in the region and better market facilities in Doba and Beb6djia that would improve public hygiene. Other mitigation activities need to be planned immediately but their implementation can be deferred for several months and perhaps until the Project's construction phase begins. At this time, it should be possible to estimate the likely number of immigrants with greater accuracy. Based on three immigration different scenarios of 5 000, 16 000, and 24 000 people, the respective costs of the urgent mitigation activities are estimated as about FCFA 1 409 million, FCFA 2 544 million and FCFA 3 462 million. These figures do not include the costs associated with the creation of the CTNSC's Executive Secretariat that will coordinate and monitor a wide variety of mitigation activities and provide oversight for the whole Chadian component of the Chad Export Project. Based on recent revisions to the Environmental Management Plan, the cost of CTNSC capacity building is estimated to be about FCFA 3 942 million over three years. This three-year period covers the construction phase of the Project. After this phase it is anticipated that additional operating costs will be funded through oil revenues accruing to the Government of RDP Text English 6 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN Chad. In addition to creating an Executive Secretariat that will undertake that operational responsibilities of the CTNSC, the capacity of several other Government agencies will have to be strengthened in order to ensure effective implementation of the mitigation plan. Key institutional actors include the Ministry of the Environment and Water, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Public Works, the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Livestock. In addition, several NGOs including World Vision, BELACD and MSF will be important partners in the implementation of many activities in the health and water supply sectors. It is anticipated that additional financial support will be needed to ensure that these Government and non-Government organizations function efficiently in executing their responsibilities with respect to the urgent mitigation plan. The most immediate priority with regard to mitigation of the indirect impact of the Project is the escalation of the public information and awareness campaign. It is crucial that the population of Chad is made fully aware of the economic implications of the Project, the employment potential and the recruitment procedures. First and foremost, the public information and awareness campaign should stress the economic hardship that unemployed immigrants are likely to experience. The region surrounding the oil fields is currently poorly served in terms of social services such as health and education and the Project will not generate the revenues needed to improve the situation for several years after the construction phase begins. The potential consequences of speculative immigration to the oil-producing region should be explained stressing the dire ramifications this might have not only on individual well-being but also the development potential of the region. In addition to publishing information about the Project in newspapers, information should be broadcast using national and local radio stations. In rural areas, especially within the broader region surrounding the oil fields, public awareness about the Project should be raised through communications strategies such as travelling video shows and community theatre productions. A provisional budget for these initiatives is included in the pricing of the recommended mitigation activities. In order to implement efficiently all of these diverse activities that span several different sectors from health to livestock and public works, effective coordination and rigorous monitoring will be essential. This is the ultimate responsibility of the CTNSC and its proposed Executive Secretariat. Recruitment of personal and capacity building initiatives should commence immediately. Furthermore, an immediate operational priority for the CTNSC's Executive Secretariat should be the design of a monitoring system that is founded on realistic indicators and cost-effective data collection, analysis and reporting. Without such a system in place in the very near future, it will be impossible to monitor the impact of the Project or the performance and effectiveness of the proposed mitigation measures. Moreover, it will be these measures that will help ensure that broader regional development opportunities are realized to their fullest potential and that the benefits of the Project are distributed equitably. A well-designed and executed monitoring system will facilitate efficient management and allow corrective actions to be made expeditiously and without undue disruption to ongoing operations. R6P Text English 7 May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This document is an addendum to the Regional Development Plan report completed in January 19991 and is also a component of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the Chad portion of the Chad Export Project. The EMP describes the measures that have been proposed to ensure environmentally sound management and mitigation of anticipated negative impacts during the construction and operational phases of the Chad portion of the Chad Export Project (the Project). The Project is designed to exploit crude oil reserves of three fields located in southern Chad in the Sous-prefecture of Beb6djia in Prefecture of Logone Oriental. The oil will be transported over 1070 km to the Atlantic coast of Cameroon near the town of Kribi via a pipeline. In Chad, the pipeline will run about 180 km from near the village of Kom6 to the border with Cameroon on the Mb6r6 River southwest of Baibokoum. The construction phase of the oil field installations will last about 2.5 years and will employ about 3 000 workers in Chad (2 000 Chadians). In addition, about 800 laborers will be engaged in pipeline construction at any one time though in Chad this will last only about three to six months. The production phase of the Project will last 25-30 years during which time between 400 and 600 people will be employed in the area around the oil fields. Based on an oil price of $15 per barrel, the Project will generate about $2.745 billion (1 647 000 million FCFA) in revenues for the Government of Chad. Of this sum, about $137.25 million (82 350 million FCFA) will be disbursed directly to the region of production to be managed by local, decentralized authorities.2 The objective of this report is to outline appropriate measures to mitigate the anticipated indirect impact of the Project resulting mainly from the immigration of people seeking employment or moving to the region in expectation of other tangible benefits. The immediate purpose of this is to ensure that the potential long-term benefits for development in the region are not owing to the excessive economic, social and environmental costs associated with a large influx of unemployed immigrants. If measures are not implemented to minimize speculative immigration and to provide essential services and resources to the itinerant population, their needs could severely compromise the region's ability to sustain future development. Today, the region already suffers from inadequate social services and many natural resources are being depleted because of poor management practices. The approach that will be adopted in this report is to examine first the immediate requirements to limit immigration to people who have guaranteed employment and, second, to identify specific activities that will help reduce the socioeconomic burden of a large immigrant population. The terms of reference for this study are presented in Appendix A of this document. Preparation of a Regional Development Plan for the Chad Export Project: Evaluation and Preliminary Practical Recommendations. Prepared by Andrew Watson and Masra Tamtangar Ngoidi. 2 According to the terms of Law No. 001/PR/99 of 11 January 1999 on the management of petroleum revenues. This Law can be found in Volume 4 Part 11 of this EMP. RDP Text English 8 May 1999 Delimitation of the Zone Covered by the Regional Development Plan * Prefecture administrative center * Sub-prefecture administrative center CHARI \_ O Other communities >< \RDP Zone . Bongor NE /k, TANDJILE MAYO-KEBBI TALa > \ / ~~~~~~~~~~ht t ~~~~~Lai,!i .! lo r ) -'k 's_.__\MOYN HARIrh Ct'~ 3 Q Krim-Krim I* K HARI / ~~~~~Beno Komr j LOGONE OCCIDENTAL *j Q B4issa /BAHR ARA CAMEROON 6Beinamar ? Dob * B13dIondo \ ! g ,+loun~~dou Y GONE NYA0 Liby. Egyt Moissal / LOGONE MBissala ~' ORIENTAL Ob COTi bri 0-La anaye PEN 1*B6ssoa Gore - ^ fBaibokoum d > S 0 5 100 ?, CENTRAL AF CAN REPUBLIC Kilometres ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN CHAPTER 2 APPROACH The present document is the product of a thorough review of an earlier draft. The first draft was reviewed during a two day workshop held under the auspices of the CTNSC on March 1 7th and 1 8th 1999 at the Centre d'Etudes et de Formation pour le Developpement (CEFOD) in N'Djam6na. The participants included representatives of the Ministries of the Government of Chad, NGOs, and civil society associations. In total there were 35 participants. The participants worked in three groups to review and discuss the recommendations of the report and suggest corrections, improvements and additions. Appendix B of this report presents the results of the group sessions. Appendix C provides an overview of the workshop and a summary of the discussions and recommendations. Appendices B and C are available in French only. Following the review by the participants in the March 17-18, 1999 session, the preliminary document was also discussed in detail at three public meetings held in the region surrounding the oil fields. Meetings were convened in Doba (see Appendix D) and Moundou (see Appendix E) on March 22nd and 23rd and in B6b6dja (see Appendix F) on March 25th. Subsequently, a large public forum was held in N'Djam6na (see Appendix G) on March 29th. Appendices D-G are available in French only. At all of these meetings the breadth and detail of the discussions demonstrated a keen interest in the Project and concern for the implementation of appropriate mitigation measures and development activities. This notwithstanding, there was also a clear lack of understanding on the part of many participants regarding the existing agreements between the Government of Chad and the Consortium that will exploit the reserves and export the oil regarding their mutual responsibilities. Considerable debate focused on elaborating procedures for managing the portion of the oil revenues that will be returned to the region. While this was not a principal concern of this report, it is clearly an issue that will have to be addressed in the near future in order to build local support for the Project and confidence in the regional administration's ability to act as an efficient manager of the funds. For the purpose of this final draft of the report on the provisional action plan regarding urgent measures for mitigating the indirect social and environmental impact of the Project, several changes have been made to the previous draft. These include providing additional information on a communication strategy to inform as large a number of people as possible about the Project and about procedures for hiring workers. Supplementary information is provided on the provision of housing for immigrants and on procedures for regulating immigration to the area around the oil fields. Notwithstanding these efforts to make the recommended changes to the earlier draft of this document, it should be noted that several issues raised during the workshop engendered considerable debate and no clear consensus was achieved regarding their resolution. For example, no agreement was reached regarding employing immigrants to help provide solid waste collection services in the main towns. Some participants felt that there should be cash payment for such work. In the first draft, it was argued that payment in kind was preferred because monetary payments even for such types of menial work might provide sufficient incentive for people to stay in the area rather than return to the places or origin. Some participants also felt that local people should be included in this potential workforce. RDP Text English 9 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN All these suggestions and recommendations are included in the Appendices. However, because there are strong differences of opinion among the participants, not all the points have been discussed at length in the text of this document. It is clear from the gist of the discussions that many delegates had not had an opportunity to read the original report on the elaboration of a regional development plan for the Project area. Many of the comments relating to the urgent mitigation measures relate to issues that have been dealt with in the regional development report. These include recommendations that a master plan for land use in the area should be elaborated: this would be a key component of the regional development plan. Similarly, the recommendations that savings and credit facilities should be created in the region and educational services should be strengthened are also dealt with in detail in the regional development plan report. Many of the issues that were raised in the local meetings also related to regional development activities and not to the urgent measures that are required to avert and mitigate the effects that the Project might have at the outset through attracting a large population of immigrants seeking employment. It is this that is the paramount concern of the present report. In this document we will stress the crucial importance of differentiating urgent measures to mitigate the impact of large-scale immigration to the region during the construction phase of the Project from those measures designed to ensure that the potential social and economic benefits of the Project are fully realized. This is not to say that mitigation measures are more important than the development activities: both will be essential to ensuring equitable and sustainable development in the region. Rather, we recognize that the development potential of the region and the Project could be jeopardized if large numbers of unemployed immigrants move into the area during the early stages of the Project. This population would represent a severe drain on the region's natural resources and on the existing social services such as health and education. In effect, large-scale immigration would impair the region's development potential. Our two goals, therefore, are first to limit the number of people moving to the area in search of work. The second goal is to avert or reduce the negative impact of an unemployed immigrant population while at the same time ensuring that the mitigation activities do not encourage these people to stay in the region. In this sense, the mitigation measures should neither aim to integrate the immigrants into the local population or provide tangible benefits to the immigrants; the measures should merely avert or alleviate any severe hardship that could result in physical harm to the people. The mitigation measures should not be construed as development activities in themselves; they are merely measures that will establish the conditions that will enable current and future economic development to proceed without undue hindrance. RDP Text English 10 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN CHAPTER 3 BACKGROUND Appendix H provides estimates of anticipated immigration to the region during the Project's construction phase. Two different approaches were used to estimate the number of immigrants. The first, based on comparable cases elsewhere in Africa indicated a population increase within the range of 5 000 to 8 000 people based on an estimate that for every job available 1.5 to 3.0 additional people will immigrate in search of work. The second approach was based upon estimates of the number of family members and other dependants that will accompany each worker. Using this approach, the possible total number of immigrants was estimated at about 16 000 people. In reality, the composition of the immigrant population is likely to be a mix of dependants of employed workers, people seeking employment and still others who are engaged in providing services to the immigrant population. The proportions of the immigrant population in these different groups can vary greatly depending on the nature of the development project (the employment opportunities) as well as socioeconomic and environmental factors. The Chad Export Project cannot be regarded as a potential "gold-rush" where individuals can engage in activities on their own initiative in the hope of "getting rich". Examples of such phenomena in Africa and elsewhere have led to immigration of tens of thousands of people during brief mining booms. Recent cases include the discovery of sapphire deposits in northern Madagascar in 1997 when an estimated 20 000 people descended on an area and began small mining operations. In the case of Chad, the economic opportunities related to the Chad Export Project are tied exclusively to employment, to be managed by Esso Exploration and Production Chad Inc. (EEPCI) for the oil field facilities and by TOTCO for the pipeline. In effect, the best estimates of likely levels of immigration should be based on the number of jobs that will be generated and the number of dependants of employed personnel that will move to the area. The estimates used by the authors of Appendix H are based on valid comparisons and appropriate data3. Nevertheless, a worst case scenario could result in the immigration of both an itinerant group seeking employment of up to 8 000 people plus the dependant of people who are employed through the Project of 16 000 people. This would increase the total number of immigrants in the region to about 24 000. It should be stressed that this is a very rough estimate based on a worst-case scenario. In reality, many of the workers engaged in the construction of the pipeline will be residents of the region and their employment will not result in increased immigration. Moreover, the permanent employees of the Project will be housed on-site, thereby discouraging any significant increase in the local population engaged in support and service activities. This notwithstanding, the three different estimates of possible immigration levels will be used in this report in calculating likely impacts on social services and the natural resource base and estimating mitigation costs. In addition to the low and high figures used in Appendix H (5 000 to 16 000), the implications of a worst-case estimate of 24 000 will be examined. 3 Based on another recent example from Madagascar, where a shrimp processing facility employing 800 people resulted in the creation of a village with a population approaching an estimated 5 000 people, the ratio of workers to dependants would be 1:5.25 which is in keeping with the estimates used in Appendix H. ROP Text English 11 May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN CHAPTER 4 NATURAL RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS The possible impact of a large influx of people seeking employment in the region around the oil fields is summarized in Appendix H. The main areas of concern are the following: * Housing and land use; * Food security; * Water resources and supply; . Energy; * Other renewable natural resources; * Waste management; • Public health and hygiene; * Transport and communications; and . Inflation. The demand for resources and services in these sectors will be concentrated largely in the urban centers closest to the oil fields where some basic infrastructure already exists. The increased demand will severely strain the current resource base and services. The authors of Appendix H estimate that the Cantons of Kome, Bero and Miandoum could experience significant growth in population as a result of immigration but that the towns of Doba and B6b6djia are likely to see the largest percentage increases in population. Appendix H estimates that the population of Bebedjia might almost double if the total number of immigrants into the region reaches about 16 000. We believe that this assessment is accurate and, in effect, it is possible to focus and prioritize the proposed mitigation efforts. Housing and land use The demand for land for agriculture and housing is not seen to be a severe constraint on future development in the region. Nevertheless, it is striking that little agricultural land near the main urban centers is under fallow presumably because demand is high. This trend results in over- exploitation and eventual depletion of nutrients in the soil that results in decreased agricultural productivity. In addition, the absence of secondary woodland in areas under fallow reduces the local availability of fuel wood and other woodland products such as thatching grass, medicinal plants, and wild fruit trees. In the urban areas, the demand for land for housing has resulted in higher population density in residential areas and periurban sprawl. While this is not perceived to be a significant problem, it is acknowledged that urban planning will be needed in the future in B6b6djia, for example, the Cahiers de Doleances prepared by the local population includes a request for improved urban planning services. It has also been noted that the recent construction of homes has encroached on the open space adjacent to the new school in the town. A large increase in the populations of Doba and Beb6djia would result in considerable demand for additional housing and a need for appropriate planning and zoning of new construction. The elaboration of a detailed land use plan will be an essential component of the regional RDP Text English 12 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN development plan that should be prepared as soon as possible. The land use plan for the towns of Doba and Bebedjia should clearly delineate areas for residential development and must take into account existing land use patterns. Areas that are currently under agriculture or that are used on a seasonal basis as grazing areas by herding groups should be excluded from residential development only if other suitable areas are provided. In addition, existing cultural and archaeological sites must be protected from undue disturbance resulting from the growing need for housing. As an additional measure, it will be essential to provide information to both immigrants and local inhabitants about the need for cultural understanding and sensitivity concerning cultural differences among the various groups. It will be especially important to disseminate information about the location and relevance of cultural sites and the need to respect them. Food security The population of the region4 is estimated to be about 55 000 people based on the 1993 census. Based on the three different scenarios outlined above, total population increase as a result of immigration could range from about 10% to nearly 50%. At the higher end of this range, the implications on food security are likely to be very significant. It is unlikely that food production within the region could satisfy the demand and it would be necessary to ensure that supplies are imported from neighboring areas. In the longer term, the expanded market for agricultural products should provide a stimulus for local farmers but increases in productivity will require access to improved seeds, farming equipment and improved techniques as well as micro-credit to pay for inputs and services. Water resources and supply Provision of drinking water in rural and urban areas in the region is currently inadequate. Several donor organizations including GTZ/KfW and AFD have initiated or are planning rural water supply Projects and the NGO BELACD has an on-going program to provide and rehabilitate village wells in the region. Minimum water supply requirements are one borehole equipped with a pump for 50 families (Direction d'Hydraulique) or one well for 500 people (BELACD - Doba). In effect, the estimated number of additional water supply points for the immigrant population is between 10 and 50 wells or about 14 to 70 boreholes (forages).5 Energy Virtually all domestic energy is provided by wood and charcoal most of which comes from native primary and secondary woodland. Wood and charcoal are transported to markets in Moundou from as far afield as Krim-Krim 50 km to the northwest. Fuel wood is brought to Doba from forests up to 20 km away. Based on information form the Inspection Forestiere in Moundou, it is estimated that per capita fuel consumption in Moundou is about 80 kg of wood and 5 to 12 kg of charcoal per person per year. Assuming that this represents about 150 kg of wood per person annually, it is possible to calculate the area of managed woodland that is needed to supply a specified number of people using estimates of annual increase in the volume of woody material per unit area of woodland. The annual increase in standing volume of wood is very difficult to estimate since different species grow at different rates, variable soil and moisture conditions affect growth rates, and growth rates vary depending on the age of the 4 The Cantons of Kome, Bero and Miandoum and the towns of Doba and Bebedjia. s Based on an average family size of 7 people that would include children and other dependants. RDP Text English 13 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN woodland. Moreover, the volume of wood that can be extracted from a forest varies depending on whether the trees are cut selectively and the woodland maintained or whether the area is clear-felled. The former scenario has environmental and economic advantages through conservation of biodiversity and continued provision of forest products. However, under the current system of open access, firewood cutters have no incentive to allow for benefits that might accrue if the woodland was managed rather than mined (Chomitz and Griffiths, 1997). The latter may be a viable option if the woodland is being cleared for agriculture provided the area is allowed to revert to secondary growth at a later date. Rough estimates of the annual increment of woody growth for African woodlands in regions climatically similar to southern Chad range from about 0.8 to 1.3 m3/ha for managed woodlands to 2.0 to 3.8 m3/ha for clear-felled woodlands. If we assume the lowest figure, and a specific gravity of 1.1 for the wood, the annual incremental growth is about 900 kg/ha or enough to supply about 6 people for a year on a sustainable basis. In effect, the area of managed woodland needed to supply a population of 5 000 immigrants would be about 800 ha; 24 000 people would require 4 000 ha to provide their firewood needs on a sustainable basis. Accurate data regarding annual incremental growth rates for the forests of southern Chad are in short supply. A World Bank study6 using remote sensing and field verification techniques estimated woody biomass accumulation for different vegetative cover types, including the woodlands that supply Doba and Moundou. The Sudanian woodland vegetative class includes the forests of southernmost Chad, and was determined to produce a sustainable yield of 460 kg/ha per year. In an effort to mitigate the impact of expected increased firewood demand it is possible to determine how much sustainable harvest forestland will be needed to supply wood to the immigrant enhanced cities, if annual wood consumption rates are fixed. Figure 1 demonstrates the relationship between annual firewood consumption estimates ranging from 50-150 kg/person (dependent upon charcoal production efficiencies, rates of charcoal use, density of wood species, and cooking/heating practices) to land area required to harvest sustainably enough wood to cover three scenarios of expected population growth (5 000, 16 000, and 24 000 people). If we assume annual per-capita wood consumption to be 150 kg/person, it becomes apparent that 7 826 ha of sustainably harvested forest are needed to supply a population of 24 000 people. With firewood producing woodland areas of 5 217 ha and 1 630 ha needed to supply populations of 16 000 and 5 000 people respectively. Again, these figures assume a fixed consumption rate for wood, and a fixed annual growth rate for the Sudanian woodland forest type. Figure 1 also provides the forest land required to supply sufficient quantities of wood to a more efficient wood-using society by relating these to annual consumption rates of 50, 80 and 120 kg/person as well as the estimated current rate of 150 kg/person.7 Other renewable natural resources Woodlands provide a variety of other resources to the local population. These include building materials such as lumber and thatch as well as traditional medicines and wild foods from both plants and animals. Extraction rates are unknown but it is assumed that a woodland area 6 Millington, Andrew C., Richard W. Critchley, Terry D. Douglas, and Paul Ryan. Estimating Woody Biomass in Sub-Saharan Africa. The World Bank. Washington, DC; 1994. 7 Chomitz and Griffiths (1997) have also developed a model for simulating the extraction, regeneration and transport of woodfuels in Chad based on specified demand. The model permits ready calculation of the dynamic cost of woodfuel depletion. RDP Text English 14 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN managed for sustainable fuel production would also provide many of these supplementary resources. Waste management Local authorities in the towns of the region do not provide solid waste disposal and wastewater management services. In Be6bdjia, for example, solid waste is left to accumulate in the market place and the slaughtering of animals is conducted without regard for public hygiene. While the current state of affairs is deplorable, the added demands of a large population of immigrants could represent a major public health hazard especially in B6bedjia where the population might double in size. The possibility of using unemployed immigrants as laborers to provide public sanitation services has been suggested. There is a danger that by providing such employment to immigrants, the incentive for them to return to their places of origin will be reduced. However, it may be feasible to provide remuneration for labor in the form of food and lodging or transport to the immigrants' home regions. As with all the mitigation measures that are envisioned, it is essential to strike a balance between ameliorating the negative impacts of immigration and avoiding creating economic improvements that are themselves incentives for immigrants to stay in the region. Even after the construction phase of the Project, the need for public sanitation services in Doba and Bebedjia will continue and, at some point in the future, the possibility of paying local residents to undertake this work should be explored. Public health and sanitation Medical services throughout the region are very limited especially in rural areas. Regional NGOs, notably Medecins sans Frontiere, World Vision and BELACD, provide essential support for several health centers including those in Doba and Beb6djia. In the event of large-scale immigration to the area, these services will have to be significantly increased. Jobin (1998) estimated that the activities of the Project may lead to displacement of population and may increase the risk of spreading AIDS. Therefore AIDS prevention will be a major concern of the Project in the field of public health. Efforts to mitigate this increased mortality rate would have to focus first on prevention through AIDS awareness campaigns, condom distribution and treatment of STDs. In addition, improved monitoring of HIV-infection rates would be critical for identifying high-risk populations for the purpose of implementing highly targeted prevention programs. Public awareness campaigns focussing on health issues including respiratory illnesses, sexually transmitted diseases, water-borne illnesses, food-related illnesses and diseases transmitted by insects and other animal vectors are recommended in the Environmental Management Plan for the Project (see Volume 1). The responsibility for implementing these awareness campaigns and monitoring their effectiveness rests with the Government of Chad through the Ministries of Health and Environment among others. Transport and communications Improvements in the existing transport services will be essential for transporting those immigrants wishing to leave the region if they are unable to find employment. In addition, improved rural road infrastructure and transportation services will help farmers market RDP Text English 15 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN agricultural produce in the towns and larger villages where most of the immigrants are expected to settle. While the Consortium will improve and rehabilitate key components of the road infrastructure during the construction phase of the Project, subsequent road maintenance of the arterial network will be the responsibility of the Government of Chad with support from donors such as the EU/FED. Similarly, the maintenance of the rural road network will rest with the Government of Chad with funding provided in part by AFD and other donors and lenders. The possibility of having local authorities and community groups involved in road maintenance programs needs to be explored since this could provide a cost-effective alternative to current programs that rely heavily on borrowed funds and donor support. Approaches that hold the promise of being economically sustainable would be an attractive alternative. Inflation The influx of between 5 000 and 24 000 immigrants would undoubtedly result in significant inflation in prices particularly of food and lodging in the short term and perhaps land and construction materials in the longer term if the immigrants stay in the region. While the provision of adequate supplies of food and lodging would mitigate significant negative impacts on the local economy and social wellbeing, they might also encourage immigrants to stay in the area. Once again, there is a need to limit mitigation measures to those activities that alleviate immediate and severe hardships but do not encourage immigrants to stay in the area. This notwithstanding, the detrimental impacts of a large immigrant population cannot be allowed to hinder social and economic development in the region through becoming a drain on natural and financial resources. In the following chapter we will prioritize the mitigation measures that it will be necessary to implement immediately and outline opportunities that exist for supporting medium to long-term development activities that will benefit from the Project. RDP Text English 16 May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PAN CHAPTER 5 PRIORITY MITIGATION AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES The types of activities aimed at mitigating the negative indirect impacts of the Project can be subdivided into three categories: those aimed at reducing the number of unemployed immigrants; those intended to avert the detrimental impact of a large immigrant population; and those that strive to ameliorate or minimize unavoidable impacts. In addition, activities that are intended to support economic development initiatives in the region can also be regarded as mitigation measures that in some way either compensate for the potential socioeconomic hardships that the Project may create or build on opportunities for promoting sustainable development. Compensatory measures relating to the construction of the pipeline and oil field facilities are described in the Compensation and Resettlement Plan (see Volume 3 of this EMP). Other types of development initiatives are described in greater detail in the accompanying report on the Regional Development Plan for the region (Watson and Ngoidi, 1 999). Reducing immigration The Government of Chad is responsible for mounting news and public awareness campaigns that disseminate information concerning the Project especially with regard to employment opportunities and recruitment procedures. The CTNSC is responsible for coordinating these efforts and is itself a key implementing agency for these initiatives. With regard to efforts to limit the number of immigrants moving to the area in search of employment, little has been implemented to date. Constitutionally, the Government of Chad cannot restrict the movement of Chadians within the country; all citizens are free to move and resettle at will. This notwithstanding, the Government of Chad also has an obligation to provide information concerning public sector programs to all citizens in an open and transparent manner. It is essential that the public is made aware of the fact that workers will be hired only in their homes of record and, therefore, people moving to the oil production region will be expressly excluded from being employed on the Project. The Government has the authority to require that immigrants abide by the existing laws and regulations of the Republic. While these cannot be used to prevent citizens from moving within the country on their own volition, they can be used as effective means to monitor internal movement. The creation of Bureaux d'lnspection de Travail in Doba and B6bedjia could also be used to help monitor unemployment rates. The existing laws should also be applied to the fullest extent possible to prevent or discourage immigration from neighboring countries: employment, residency, and vaccination requirements could be used to this end. This information must be disseminated using a variety of communications media. At present most official information about the Project has appeared only in newspapers. These have a very limited distribution and readership. Additional campaigns must be mounted using radio broadcasts (both national and local) and other means, e.g. informal talks, debates. At present the rural radio network in the region is inadequate for mounting a far-reaching media campaign. The possibility of extending the broadcast area of the BELACD radio transmitter in Doba as well as others in the region should be considered. Radio campaigns should not be limited to news broadcasts; their impact would be far greater if they included theatrical programs that provide vivid images of the likely outcome of immigration to the Doba region. In rural areas in the region surrounding the oil fields, public information and awareness campaigns should be RDP Text English 17 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN mounted using field teams to visit villages and disseminate information using techniques such as mobile video shows, theater and jeu de r6les. Another important aspect of communications within the region will be the dissemination of information that helps build cultural awareness and facilitates conflict resolution. Traditional means of rural communication such as causeries- d6bats could be used to help promote awareness of cultural issues. The critical challenge is to repeatedly inform the public of the limited employment opportunities offered by the Project. The Government of Chad has been eager to inform its citizens of the economic benefits that the Project will produce. Yet, it is also incumbent on the authorities to ensure that the public is neither misled not left uninformed regarding the limited employment opportunities. While the Government of Chad cannot forcibly restrict intemal movement of the populace, it also has a responsibility to avoid inflicting- undue hardship on its citizens by sidestepping their right to know about public sector programs. Averting negative impacts The influx of between 5 000 and 24 000 people into the towns of Doba and Beb6djia and villages surrounding the oil field facilities would have a significant detrimental impact on public health and hygiene unless immediate mitigation efforts are implemented. Supplementary health services for the population of immigrants should focus on prevention of HIV infection since AIDS is likely to be the largest single cause of increased mortality. Existing programs will have to be strengthened and additional efforts will have to be implemented to target new high-risk groups in the existing population and among the immigrants. Jobin (1998) felt that the high number of truck drivers moving through the region during the construction phase of the Project may result in an increase in HIV prevalence through infection of prostitutes and their other partners. It will be critical to mount intensive AIDS awareness and condom distribution campaigns that target these high-risk groups. It is noted, however, that HIV- infection rates in the region are already extremely high in certain group. In effect, improved monitoring of a broad cross-section of the population is warranted in order to track infection rates and to identify which new population groups are at highest risk as the disease spreads. Improved health center facilities will be needed to accomplish this monitoring. These same centers should also focus on treatment of other sexually transmitted diseases since HIV- infection rates are significantly higher among individuals who are infected with STDs such as syphilis and gonorrhea. Sanitation services and public hygiene in the towns and villages of the region will require immediate improvement in order to avert the adverse impact on the health of the existing population and on immigrants. Disposal of solid waste and sewage and evacuation of wastewater are of paramount importance. Without improvements in the current situation, it can be expected that there would be an increased incidence of diseases spread by insects (particularly malaria and dengue fever), rats, and contaminated water and food supplies. The highest priorities should be improvement of the marketplace and slaughterhouse facilities in Doba and Bebedjia with regard to solid waste disposal. Mitigating negative impacts The immigration of large numbers of people seeking employment and dependants of construction workers will place considerable stress on natural resources, especially energy RDP Text English 18 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI CHAD PORTION -VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN supplies (firewood), drinking water, food and, possibly, construction materials. It will be impossible to avert the impact of this demand for resources but appropriate measures can be taken to ameliorate its negative impact. Energy - Based on the calculations presented above, some 800 to 4 000 ha of woodland would have to be brought under sustainable management in order to supply the supplementary population of immigrants with fuel and avoid exacerbating the depletion of the existing resources. In the long-term, the introduction of agro-forestry practices should allow local authorities and individual farmers to provide adequate firewood supplies to meet the needs of the urban population. In the short-term, however, fuel will have to be harvested from existing woodlands, most of which are secondary forests. Unless these resources are harvested in a managed, sustainable fashion, the resources will be rapidly depleted as they have already been around the towns of Moundou and Doba. At present, there are three types of classified forests in Logone Oriental at Bero, Timb6ri and Yamodo, and one in the western part of Moyen Chari at Djoli-Kera. In addition, there are proposals to promote community-based management of natural woodland in parts of eastern Logone Occidental near Beissa and western Logone Oriental near Larmanaye. Of these, the classified forest of Timb6ri holds the greatest promise since there are some 12 500 ha of woodland and the distances to the largest markets, Doba and Moundou, are no greater than those over which firewood is currently transported. Moreover, the population surrounding the Timberi forest has expressed a keen interest in pursuing community-based management of the resource. Implementation of a sustainable forest management plan for Timb6ri will require considerable capacity building within the forestry department (Inspection Forestiere), local communities and possible partner organizations. The first step must be to conduct a rigorous assessment of the existing resources in order to evaluate their potential for sustainable management. If the forest resources are adequate and if the potential for community management is viable, the economic feasibility of such a program can be readily assessed based on operating costs, transport costs and firewood and charcoal prices. Water resources and supply - The provision of clean drinking water to meet the needs of the immigrant population will be critical. Since it is assumed that most of the immigrants will settle in the main towns of Doba and B6b6djia, it is likely that boreholes will be required rather than shallow wells. Most wells in the region exploit groundwater at a depth of about 15 m; in urban areas, there is a strong likelihood that this water will be contaminated owing to poor wastewater disposal practices. It is recommended that the water supply program of the Direction d'Hydraulique be modified to focus on the anticipated short-term requirements of possible immigrants. Even if the numbers of immigrants were lower than anticipated, the improved water supply would greatly benefit the existing communities. In Doba and Bebedjia, the potential of the aquifer to supply water for an additional 2 000 to 10 000 people in each town must be carefully assessed. In periurban areas near both towns, the quality of shallow groundwater should also be determined to assess the potential for installing less expensive wells rather than boreholes that exploit deeper groundwater. A rough estimate of possible additional requirements would be 20 boreholes in and around both Doba and Bebedjia and 20 wells in less built-up areas. In 1998, BELACD (Doba) constructed 9 new wells and rehabilitated 7 existing wells in the region. In order to meet the increased demand resulting from a large influx of immigrants, such programs would have to be both increased and accelerated. RDP Text English 19 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN Food and housing - In the short-term, local agricultural production is unlikely to be able to provide the food required for the anticipated immigrant population. At present, the immediate region is barely self-sufficient and food security is widely regarded as one of the main problems hindering economic development. This is not to say that the potential for greater productivity does not exist. Improved farming practices and the availability of agricultural equipment, improved seeds and fertilizers could generate significant increases in the production of food and cash crops. Indeed, Cotonchad has estimated that cotton production within the region could be doubled in three years through the adoption of improved farming techniques and without any increase in the area under cultivation. It is felt that in the short-term supplies of food for the immigrant population should come from neighboring regions. In the medium-term, development initiatives such as the rehabilitation of irrigated farming areas and improved extension and micro-credit services for farmers will increase productivity. Several activities are described in the Regional Development Plan report. In addition, however, several steps can be taken to ensure improved availability of local agricultural produce in Doba and Be6bdjia. These include improvements to the marketplace facilities and the construction of slaughterhouses. These initiatives would improve both supply of foodstuffs to the urban market and also provide higher quality produce because of improved hygiene. The requirements for building materials needed to provide adequate housing for the immigrant population have been estimated using figures provided by EEPCI. EEPCI has been engaged in building schools and has used local material and local labor to accomplish this. Based on discussions with local authorities in Doba and Beb6djia, the availability of land for additional housing does not appear to be a major concern though adequate planning and zoning of new residential areas will be essential. The provision of essential services such as water supply, waste disposal and health services are discussed above. It must be reiterated that the housing should be made available to immigrants only if they have the means to cover the full cost. The provision of low-cost or subsidized housing would create an incentive for immigrants to stay in the region rather than return to their places of origin. In the short-term this would not be beneficial for the region since there is already limited availability of resources and essential services. If emergency shelter is available for the immigrants, they should make an in-kind payment for housing, and not in the form of money, since this could create incentives for petty crime and prostitution. Once again, payment could be made through the provision of labor that helps provide other essential services such as the construction of additional housing or solid waste collection and disposal. It is clear that, in this context, the provision of free housing would be an incentive for massive and continuous immigration, and would create resentment on the part of local inhabitants who do not receive such subsidies. RDP Text English 20 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN CHAPTER 6 COSTS The estimated cost of the specific activities designed to mitigate the negative impact of a large immigrant population is shown in Table 1. These estimates are based on figures derived from current field programs being implemented by various Government agencies and NGOs. Some costs have been determined using the budgets developed for future activities proposed by the Government of Chad and by international funding agencies. It should be stressed that the accuracy of these budgets has not been thoroughly assessed, so in some cases they are very rough estimates that will require refining at a later date. RDP Text English 21 May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN CHAPTER 7 BUDGETARY CONSIDERATIONS It should be stressed that the various mitigation measures outlined above are supplementary to those activities that are already underway in the region. These include: the provision of health services by Government agencies and NGOs such as M6decins sans Frontieres, World Vision and BELACD amongst others; water supply Projects funded by various donor organizations and implemented by the Government of Chad and NGOs; and other natural resource management and infrastructure improvement activities. These are summarized in Chapter 5 of the Regional Development Plan that preceded the present study. The possibility of modifying or refocusing existing and proposed programs to meet the anticipated demands of a large immigrant population should be carefully assessed. Rural water supply Projects to be funded by AFD and GTZ/KfW include plans for more than 600 new boreholes throughout the broader region, which includes Logone Oriental, Logone Occidental, Tandjil6 and parts of Moyen Chari. If the scheduling of financing allows, some of these proposed programs could be used to provide for the immediate needs of Doba and Bebedjia as well as rural communities in the vicinity of the oil fields. Similarly, various donor organizations, notably the World Bank, the European Development Fund (FED) and WHO, support improvement in the health sector through the Ministry of Health. These regional activities could be reviewed and rescheduled or modified to focus on the towns and villages that are must likely to require additional support as a result of the indirect impact of the Project. Table 1 includes the anticipated cost of institutional capacity building needs in the health, energy and water supply sectors. The pricing of other activities such as public awareness campaigns and improved market facilities is based on estimates of construction and operating costs and does not include significant funding for staff training or recurrent management or administrative costs. The overall coordination and monitoring of the mitigation program will be the responsibility of the Government of Chad, with the CTNSC's Executive Secretariat being responsible for either implementing or coordinating most operational activities. A separate budget for creation of the CTNSC's Executive Secretariat, and building its capacity over the first three years of the Project, is presented in Volume 1 (Chapter 4) of this Environmental Management Plan. This point is discussed further below. RDP Text English 22 May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN CHAPTER 8 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE Table 2 outlines the implementation schedule for the recommended mitigation measures. Immediate priorities are the following: launching of the information campaign that will inform potential immigrants of the limited employment opportunities and recruitment procedures; and creation of health monitoring facilities. Before the construction phase of the Project begins, plans should be finalized for implementing improvements in public hygiene and sanitation services, supplying energy needs and portable water and ensuring that adequate food and shelter can be provided to meet emergency needs. In the longer term, broader economic development activities for the region should be designed and implemented as outlined in the Regional Development Plan report. RDP Text English 23 May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN CHAPTER 9 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES With regard to the implementation and monitoring of the mitigation measures associated with the Project, Volume I of the Environmental Management Plan spells out the roles and responsibilities of the different parties involved. Appendix H of the Regional Development Plan summarizes these responsibilities in relation to the mitigation of the indirect impacts expected to result from immigration to the region. In brief, the Government of Chad, through the CTNSC and other Government agencies, is ultimately responsible for the mitigation of all indirect human impacts. The responsible agencies are shown in Table 3. As agreed in the Compensation and Resettlement Plan (see Volume 3 of this EMP), the Consortium will compensate individuals and communities that are either displaced or lose land or crops as a result of the Project. To date, community compensation has included the construction of rural health centers and village schools and will also include improved roads and water supplies in some instances. For the purposes of this report, these are not regarded as measures that will help mitigate the impact of a large immigrant population. They address other impacts that must be mitigated and, therefore, should not be confused with the indirect impacts with which we are concerned here. Overall coordination of the Government of Chad agencies involved in the implementation of the efforts to mitigate the indirect impact of the Project rests with the CTNSC. Moreover, the CTNSC must also ensure that Project-specific mitigation measures are coordinated with those measures that are the direct responsibility of the Government of Chad RDP Text English 24 May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN CHAPTER 10 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING REQUIREMENTS The Government of Chad's ability to implement field activities efficiently and economically is constrained by a lack of institutional capacity in many sectors. Personnel typically require training in technical as well as administrative and managerial skills. Infrastructure for central services, and logistical field support are often poor or non-existent. The inability of the Inspection Forestiere in both Moundou and Doba to mount field programs to support agroforestry and community management of woodlands is largely the result of inadequate transport and financial resources. International donor and lender support has ameliorated this situation in some sectors while others still lag. The Ministry of Health has benefited from the support of the World Health Organization, the European Union, Cooperation Fran,aise, the World Bank and others. This has resulted in considerable progress in the provision of rural health services, vaccination programs and AIDS awareness. Similarly, the Ministry of Agriculture's extension program has been well supported by the African Development Bank and this will probably continue though programs such as the World Bank's PSAP initiative and Cooperation Fran,aise's PAOP and PASR activities. This notwithstanding, it is striking that the awareness and impact of the Office National de Developpment Rural's efforts in the region around the oil fields is negligible. This example demonstrates that while institutional capacity building is clearly a prerequisite for having effective field programs, overall success of these initiatives must be measured in terms of impact on beneficiaries such as farmers not the implementation capacity of the institutions. The organization that will have ultimate responsibility for ensuring that the mitigation measures outlined in the Environmental Management Plan are being implemented is the CTNSC. Its role will be to monitor mitigation activities to ensure compliance with the EMP and also to monitor the environmental and social impacts of the Project to ensure that any unforeseen negative impacts are quickly rectified. In order to accomplish this, the CTNSC's operational capacity will have to be strengthened. At present, the Committee merely acts as an advisory and oversight body. To become an operational entity in the field, an Executive Secretariat will be formed. The details of the structure and functional responsibilities of the CTNSC's Executive Secretariat are outlined in Volume 1 (Chapter 4) of this EMP. The organization structure calls for 14 technical and professional staff and about 30 support staff including field agents. This is a large number of personnel and it is unlikely that they will all be required during the early stages of the Project or beyond the initial 2.5 year construction phase. It is also noted that there is a heavy emphasis on training through courses, workshops, and exchange visits with oilfields in other countries, to build technical capacity. The Executive Secretariat's Project Manager and Field Supervisor (based in Doba) are scheduled to undertake 100 and 129 days of training respectively. This would represent about 25% of their time during the first two years or 50% of their time in the first year. If this were the case, the functional responsibilities of these individuals would be severely impaired. Similarly, the proposed 65 days of training for the Chairman of the CTNSC should be scheduled in such a way as not to interfere with his functional obligations. The estimated budget for creation of the Executive Secretariat and subsequent capacity building is FCFA 3942 million (-$US 6.57 million). The budget covers the first 3 years of the Executive Secretariat's existence; thereafter, it is anticipated that the recurrent administrative and operating costs will be funded by the Government of Chad using a portion of the revenues generated by the Project. The funding of the Executive Secretariat will be an essential adjunct RDP Text English 25 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN to the implementation and monitoring of the specific mitigation measures described above. The CTNSC is current under the auspices of the Ministry of Environment and Water (MEE). This institution has a strong regional presence through the Direction d'Hydraulique and the Inspection Forestiere. This latent capacity to implement and provide monitoring functions should be reinforced. The cost information provided in Table 1 includes some capacity building activities for the MEE's field representatives that would be responsible for mitigating the potential negative impact that the immigrant population could have on firewood and water supplies. Similarly, the cost of providing trained staff for the health monitoring centers is also included in the pricing presented in Table 1. Within the context of the Project, many of the immediate functional responsibilities will be undertaken by the Executive Secretariat of the CTNSC. In the future, however, it will not be cost effective to create similar entities to fulfill the oversight and monitoring requirements for each large development project. These functions should be centralized within a single organization - ideally one that has an existing capacity to provide regional services. At the central level, institutional strengthening for the MEE will be essential. In recent months, the process of establishing a rigorous legislative foundation for environmental protection in Chad has been initiated under the auspices of the MEE. It is critical that this continues through the promulgation of regulatory texts (textes d'applications) in a broad range of areas. Beyond this, the capacity to implement the provisions of the legislation and regulations must be reinforced through training of the present staff and, if necessary, hiring of additional technical and administrative personnel. An expansion of the current mandate of the MEE will also necessitate improved logistical support in the form of office facilities and transport services. Several of the mitigation activities outlined above would be best implemented through the current field programs of NGOs. Of particular importance is the support for rural health care provided by a variety of NGOs including MSF, World Vision and BELACD. In addition, World Vision and BELACD are active in providing other essential social and economic development services to communities in the region through the provision of drinking water, agricultural extension and micro-credit facilities (for example, VITA and ASDEC). Additional financial support for these critical programs should also include a budgetary component for building NGO capacity through staff training and procurement of essential equipment. The approach to elaborating a Regional Development Plan, outlined in a separate document, stresses the importance of adopting a highly participatory approach to both designing and implementing the program. In order to accomplish this, it will be essential to build the capacity of local communities to work together, resolve conflicts and build consensus on planning objectives and implementation responsibilities. At present, NGOs are best placed to provide the kind of support that is needed to accomplish this. In the future, however, the capacity of public institutions to provide this assistance should also be reinforced. For example, the promotion of community-based management of woodland resources through the Inspection Forestiere can only be accomplished through effective community mobilization and the transfer of technical skills. While the Inspection already possesses many of the technical forestry expertise, community work will require that the staff learn new skills. RDP Text English 26 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN CHAPTER 11 INDICATORS OF PERFORMANCE AND IMPACT The identification of appropriate indicators of performance and impact must be undertaken in a participatory fashion. The ultimate purpose of the monitoring system should be clearly elucidated: monitoring is a management tool and should be designed to measure progress toward achieving goals and intermediate targets and, secondly, to assess whether the specific activities and overall approach are having the anticipated impact. The latter is especially important because all too often initiatives do not have the desired impact not because they are poorly implemented but because they are ill-conceived. Measures must be construed to identify such shortcomings and allow prompt, remedial action to be taken. When identifying appropriate indicators, it is not only the users of the monitoring system that should be consulted. In addition, the people responsible for data collection and those charged with its analysis and interpretation and the dissemination of the results should all be involved. By adopting an approach that involves all partners, it is possible to build a sense of ownership that motivates people to complete their responsibilities in a careful yet timely fashion rather than simply fulfilling a task that has been imposed by someone else. Table 4 presents some illustrative indicators for the activities that are outlined in Table 1. It should be reiterated that these are merely illustrative: for each of these indicators it will be essential to complete an information sheet that clearly identifies the sources of information, estimates the data collection costs and specifies who is responsible for data acquisition. An example of such an Indicator Description Sheet is provided in Table 5. Some additional parameters that are important to consider when trying to identify valid and viable indicators include gender sensitivity, measures of sustainability and measures of effective capacity building. In addition, it is also useful to include crosscutting indicators of impact that provide a broad overview of the success of the program. It is also useful to include measures of the degree of political or financial support that are essential for efficient implementation. Such "critical assumptions" are crucial for assessing whether the success of a program has been compromised by external factors beyond the control of the implementers. RDP Text English 27 May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN CHAPTER 12 NEXT STEPS The objective of this study is to identify appropriate measures for mitigating the anticipated indirect impacts of the Chad Export Project on the natural environment and the social and economic conditions in the region surrounding the oil fields. Most of the significant impacts are expected to result from the immigration of people seeking employment directly or indirectly related to the Project. The immediate purpose of the mitigation strategy is to ensure that the long-term economic benefits of the Project are not lost or diminished through the social and environmental costs associated with the indirect impact of immigration. The present study has attempted to identify the likely impact of large-scale immigration on the natural resources of the region and outlines several strategies that will help conserve those resources and make them available to the population on an equitable and sustainable basis. It must be stressed that the objective of these mitigation measures is not to promote economic development in the region or improve social conditions. The sole purpose of the mitigation measures is to avoid economic and social hardship resulting from the indirect effects of the Project. In order to accomplish this it is essential that the mitigation measures themselves do not promote further immigration of unemployed people to the area by creating the promise of work or significantly reducing the cost of essential social and economic services. Longer-term development objectives and strategies for the region are described in a report on the elaboration of a regional development plan (Watson and Ngoidi, 1999). The additional goals of the present study are to provide some provisional estimates of the cost of appropriate mitigation activities, to prioritize and schedule their implementation, and to identify which institutions should be responsible for implementing the measures. Capacity building requirements for key executing agencies are also discussed. Finally, as a supplement to the illustrative indicators presented for the regional development plan, several performance and impact indicators for the mitigation plan are proposed. In order to design an effective response to the possible influx of large numbers of unemployed people into the region, it is essential to attempt to gauge the numbers as accurately as possible. Moreover, it is also essential to adopt a strategy that acknowledges that there is a large degree of uncertainly in predicting the likely numbers. Appendix H provides an estimate of between 5 000 and 16 000 immigrants made up of people seeking work and dependents of people employed through the Project. Here we have added a worst case scenario based on experiences elsewhere in Africa that has up to 24 000 people moving to the region. We have estimated that the most significant indirect impact of the Project will be effects that the immigrant population will have on the following: demand for shelter and for land; food security; water supply; firewood and other natural resources; waste management needs; public health and hygiene; transport and communications; and inflation in prices. In order to mitigate the potential negative impact, three general strategies are required. The first is to attempt to reduce the number of immigrants seeking work by informing the populace of the limited employment opportunities in the region before they decide to move. The provision of transport for unemployed immigrants wishing to move away from the region will be an important adjunct to this. The second strategy is to attempt to avert the potential negative impact of a large immigrant population especially on public health and hygiene by establishing health monitoring facilities and providing essential services. The third strategy is to mitigate those negative RDP Text English 28 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN impacts that cannot be prevented or averted if there is a significant population increase. In this category, the provision of energy, water and food and shelter are priorities. Based on three immigration different scenarios of 5 000, 16 000, and 24 000 people, the respective costs of the urgent mitigation activities are estimated to be about FCFA 1 409 million, FCFA 2 544 million and FCFA 3 462 million. These figures do not include the operations costs of the CTNSC's Executive Secretariat that will coordinate and monitor a wide variety of mitigation activities and. provide oversight for the whole Chadian component of the Chad Export Project. As can be seen in Volume 1 (Chapter 4) of this Environmental Management Plan, the cost of CTNSC capacity building is estimated to be about FCFA 3 942 million over three years. This three-year period covers the construction phase of the Project. After this phase it is anticipated that additional operating costs will be funded through oil revenues accruing to Government of Chad. All of the recommended mitigation activities are essential and none is significantly more important than the others. This notwithstanding, it will be essential that certain activities are prioritized with regard to their implementation schedule. It is crucial that the current public awareness campaign is intensified to disseminate information about recruitment procedures for the Project and limited employment opportunities in the region. This should happen immediately. Other activities that should be implemented with all due haste are the creation of improved medical surveillance and essential health services in the region and better market facilities in Doba and B6b6djia that would improve public hygiene. Other mitigation activities need to be planned immediately but their implementation can be deferred for several months and perhaps until the Project's construction phase begins. At this time, it should be possible to estimate the likely number of immigrants with greater accuracy. In addition to creating an Executive Secretariat that will undertake the operational responsibilities of the CTNSC, the capacity of several other Government agencies will have to be strengthened in order to ensure effective implementation of the mitigation plan. Key institutional actors include the Ministry of the Environment and Water, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Public Works, the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Livestock. In addition, several NGOs including World Vision, BELACD and MSF will be important partners in the implementation of many activities in the health and water supply sectors. It is anticipated that additional financial support will be needed to ensure that these Government and non- Government organizations function efficiently in executing their responsibilities with respect to the urgent mitigation plan. Next steps In addition to the implementation of the urgent mitigation measures that have been identified and prioritized in this report, it is of the utmost importance that the elaboration of a regional development plan for the region is completed prior to the initiation of the construction phase of the Project. The accompanying report on the regional development plan outlines a strategy for ensuring that the elaboration process is highly participatory and efficient. A program is outlined that would complete the planning process over a period of six months at a cost of about FCFA 529 million. It will be essential to integrate the urgent mitigation activities that are envisioned with the proposed development initiatives. The most immediate priority with regard to mitigation of the indirect impacts of the Project is the escalation of the public information and awareness campaign. It is crucial that the population of RDP Text English 29 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN Chad is made fully aware of the economic implications of the Project, the employment potential and the recruitment procedures. First and foremost, the public information and awareness campaigns should stress the economic hardship that unemployed immigrants are likely to experience. The region surrounding the oil fields is currently poorly served in terms of social services such as health and education and the Project will not generate the revenues needed to improve the situation for several years after the construction phase begins. The potential consequences of speculative immigration to the oil-producing region should be explained stressing the dire ramifications this might have not only on individual wellbeing but also the development potential of the region. In addition to publishing information about the Project in newspapers, information should be broadcast using national and local radio stations. In rural areas, especially within the broader region surrounding the oil fields, public awareness about the Project should be raised through communications strategies such as travelling video shows, informal talks, debates, and community theatre productions. A provisional budget for these initiatives is included in the pricing of the recommended mitigation activities. In order to implement efficiently all of these diverse activities that span several different sectors from health to livestock and public works, effective coordination and rigorous monitoring will be essential. This is the ultimate responsibility of the CTNSC and its proposed Executive Secretariat. Recruitment of personal and capacity building initiatives should commence immediately. Furthermore, an immediate operational priority for the CTNSC's Executive Secretariat should be the design of a monitoring system that is founded on realistic indicators and cost-effective data collection, analysis and reporting. Without such a system in place in the very near future, it will be impossible to monitor the impact of the Project or the performance and effectiveness of the proposed mitigation measures. Moreover, it will be these measures that will help ensure that broader regional development opportunities are realized to their fullest potential and that the benefits of the Project are distributed equitably. The CTNSC's Executive Secretariat must work hand-in-hand with partner organizations in order to design and implement the monitoring system and ensure that information is reported to decision makers in a timely manner and in a readily comprehensible form. A well-designed and executed monitoring system will facilitate efficient management and allow corrective actions to be made expeditiously and without undue disruption to ongoing operations. RDP Text English 30 May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART] CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN BIBLIOGRAPHY Chad Export Project: Compensation and Resettlement Plan. (See Volume 3 of this EMP) Chad Export Project: Environmental Assessment - Chad Portion; 1997. (See the Reference Documents part of the Project's environmental documentation) Chad Export Project: Environmentai Management Plan - Chad Portion; Volume 1, Chapter 4. Chomitz, K.M. & Griffiths, C. (1997). An economic analysis of woodfuel management in the Sahel: the case of Chad. Environment, Infrastructure and Agriculture Division, Policy Research Department, 1788. The World Bank, Washington, DC. Grau, P. (1996). Low cost wastewater treatment. Water Science and Technology, 33: 39-46. Jobin, W. (1998). Etablissement des priorit6s au niveau des mesures correctives pour la sant6 et la s6curite reli6es a la construction du Projet d'Exportation du Tchad par l'estimation du nombre de d6ces dus aux maladies et aux accidents. Associes du Nil Bleu: 22 pp. Millington, A.C., Critchley, R.W., Douglas, T.D. & Ryan, P. (1994). Estimating woody biomass in Sub-Saharan Africa. The World Bank, Washington, DC: 191 pp. Population of the Sous-prefecture of Beb6djia (1998). Cahiers de dol6ances de /a population de la Sous-pr6fecture de B6b6d]ia. 11 pp. Republic of Chad (1999). Law No. 001/PR/99 "Governing the Management of Oil Revenues", dated January 11, 1999. (See Volume 4 Part II of this EMP) RDP Text English 31 May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART! CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN Table 1: Estimated Costs for Urgent Mitigation Measures ' ";"Es''t m i ' C for ' Etimated Costfor stlmated Cos for ..... . -iti n Measures: and-ACtie$ :. .:-O migrnts- f '0 Imigrants 24:000 Immigrants ..S.,,G,,> 0 ...t' . ,j nsk' '''''''AM(mill F (milli F J t; < . - P ;i.- w . :; iReducti of heNu mber of immig ants Public awareness and information campaigns including radio 125 125 125 broadcasts and rural communication teams 1 125 125 125 Provision of transport for immigrants wishing to return to their places of origin2 5 15 25 Health ;SeMices.i Construction and staffing of health monitoring center(s) ] 393 786 1 000 *" ':'. b) Prodult tntdrieur Brut (PIB) Quand le PIB (accrolt et Comment ? N.B. : TouJours dans la p6riode de 25 ans d'exploitatlon du p6trole... 7 c) La balance commerclale, le F.B.C.Fi. etc...Toujours durant la pdriode de 25 ans de lE'xportatlon du PMtrole Tchadlen. E .nvironnement: (Sur le plan d'action du Gouvernement...) Comment faire pour d6velopper la r6glon et le phys en g6n6ral en tenant compte de la croissance dtnmographique et les changempnts cllmatlgues .......... . to Comment garanilr la bonne marche des projets par son suivi et une 6volution contilnus 7____ / , Comment r6duIre au minimum les coOts des transaction ? Comment acoroilre le flux total des ressources financibres vers le pays (t I'bconomle en transition) .. . - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.1 S ~~~-a-rl- -1ac ? _________ Parler nous des crit6res d'efioacitb? , 0 Quelles sont,les mesures prdvues pour assurer et garantir la s6curit6 sont au' _______ long, du pipeline de 1050 kIm 7_. 1Est co que les forages d6buteront avant ou apres le pipeline 7 Puis que les ________ PRIGS no sont pas sirplaces seront-ils sur site en 1999 oui l'an 2000 7 2 Pour les 300 puits, est co que, ESSO, SHELL, ELF auront-ils chacun leurs RGS? 3 Est-ce que vous avez assez formds les Iloormans 7 4 Qi,elIes sont le mnesures sociales quo ESSO envisage ou pourrait envisager en faveur des personnes Ag6eS pour les reudre actives dans les zones touchdes? i5 Comment ESSO va-t-il so prendrc pour la compensation si le pipeline passe derri6re un village donn6 ? 6 Dans les compensations Monsieur ZONGRE avant do citer 2 cas d'absence (font on ddc6s. Est-ce que les droits de celto personne d6cdd6e ne reviennent- ils pas A ses enfants ou A ses proclies parents? _ 7 , La r6insiallation'des personnes touelides nt-il une garantic pour une certaine _ driode? 8 Ouesilon A l'inlc!ltion dii Consortini - Le pdUrole dani [es nations europdennes comme africains fait partie des ricliesses naturblles d'un pays pouvant propulser Ic ddveloppement dconomique et dont 1'exploitation iie devait en principe poser auctin probleme. Au Tchad avec arnorce des travaux pr6paraloirps pour I'exploitation du pet5rola, une campagne de sensibilisalion et de consultation, publique a rt6 lancde puis un certain nombre d'anndes en direction des citoyens sur toute i'dtendue du terriloire national. Quie vise cette campagnte? L'objet de cette campignc est-il de faire ? cotnattre la population tchadienne le bien fond6 des richesses p&lroliifrcs ou de casser Ia derri6re qu'drigent cerlains individus tcliadienne hostiles A I'ex6cution du projet petrole au Tchad? .. __ _ 19 Los rapports d'indemnisatiqn des tchadidns par rapport A ceux du Cameroun ? .______ enFCPA. .__ .__ Es1-ce que les pygmds qui vivent sur les arbres ont besoins d'etre indemnuisds _quand la trac6 de pipeline ddtruit les nrbres naturels o0 sont ils 7 Puis son. avOnement sur terre, I'liomme n'a cessd d'Fprouver ses besoins et d'exploiter louts les jours des efforts physiques et intellectuelles envile de Is satisfaire. 11 s'efforce d'adapter son milieu naturel A ses exigences et d'utiliser avec le moins de peines possibles les techniques diverses se trouvant dans sa localitd (proprldt6) en vue I'accroCtre Ics biens et services. 11 faut tloter de nos jours quo la notion de propridi6 se'trouve dans tout le secteur dcouorniqut ( La tern se vend pas, touIes autrts personnes physiqtues ou morales) en dehors des pdrim6lres sont considdrds commne des occutants. uIs dolvent louer, payer (mensuellement ou faire an bdnWflce de ceux qui sont ___ Compte tenu d6s difficultis d'approvisionnement en carburants des pays voisins (Nigeria - Cameroun) IG projet d la SERRAT semblo devenir urgent pour le Tchad. Le consortium no peut-il pas laisser le leadership de celtl podration A l'Etat? '_' Oues(lons posdes ail consuiltant nalional - Po r 6viter In duplication, le consulitant a-t-il pris en compte, les projets continus dans t'dtodc qu schlema direcleur do cd6vloppemrnt( de la zone soudaniemie 7' Au nom de In jtis(ice et do l'6quit6, compte des accords de parlage de fOt entre le Tchad et Cameroim, le consilitant a-l-il de conimande des niesures propres A rdhabiliter du Tchad nan de lo reuidro A remplir son quota de transport des mat6riels et trnatdriaux pbur ln pose du pipeline? Le E[SSO a dtW tenti des r6unions avee des paysans conccmes qui sont touchl6s par le pipeline. Citer les pr6fectuwes, sous-prefectures, cantons et villages, mals ied n'ai pas. vu le nom do canton, Tirnberi qui esl gravement touch6, jusqu'A prendre me;me les loripbes des parenits et le grand frire lc Dr NLANOMBAYE Raymond pas citer parmi ces canlons et villages et snutd directement sur Balbokoum. i_______ ,L'or noir Lchadien 'peut-iletre un gage du ddveloppement ? 27 Quel r8le iouent lcs bailletrs de fonds et les ONG sur le lerrain7 8~ 8 Comment so fpit le calcul des chanps ocCUp'cS ipar lo pincline? _ .9 t Quelle mesure l'ESSO prendra-t-iI en cas de d6saccord le prix dont vous avez | | , litnil6 par le p;Xsan 7 j° , Est quo les valeurs que voul allez payer aux paysansptchadiens seront de - meme quoe cellos de Camerounais ? __________ Quel est le jour exact ou cette exploilation aurn lieu? 32 Compenser les populations eu nature et en esp6ce es( une boine chose inais it reste A informer les popula1ions sur les risques qui peuvent engendrer le projet pAtrole c( les'possibiiltds d opportunitd qui peuveht s'offrir aux populations. Conmment lcs informer, les sonsibiliser et les fonner _ 13 Avec l'exploitation du p6trole teliadleni, quelles solutions petit-on envisager pour lesjeunes dipl8tnds ruincs par le chOmage et la niarg6ndlisation actuetle qui obscurissent leur avenir ? 34 _ L'ere p6trolire quelle politique d'6ducation et de formation de qualitU pour ' un emploi consdguent? ___ .- 35 lI~ans lt document sur lea mesures urgentes..;. vous avez dvoqu6 plusicurs scenasio pour endiguer I'imtnigration y compris loe (scdnario do pirc des cas qul va se r6aliser car dans Ia zone au tout anu tour de la zone s'installeront non seulemeiut des employds, thais des personnes de deuxi6me et troisiemc , __ _-_ dEpendances, des commer2wits 13st cc que le projet a pr6vu tout cea ? J6 Oueslion au projet On fait tiat de 1'exereice du gaz dauis In zone du projet. El que le projet brate co gaz. Pourquol le projet no traito pas cc gaz pour lutter contre la d6forestnalon future ? 17 L'auginentation do la populalion ddbordera ndcessairement les zones p6trolifres vers les pr4fectures voisines. Quetles sont les ruesures d'att6nuation ndophts pour par exemnple la sous-pr6fecture de B3ddiondo. 38 On a eu des eclios parfols negatifs de gostion dcA dechets issus do I'exploitation,du p6trol dans d'autres pays ifricains. On aimerail savoir comment le projet tlchndien se preiidre pour gcrr les d6chets pdtroliers ? ... . . . U____ F. ...~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I iOn dcoute par les mddias que les populations au tour du port de Kribi nuralt protest6 contre l'utilisation de ce port par le projet ' Cc probl6me est-il rdgl6 7_ . 0 Les palemenis des indemnisations individuelles au Tichad n'attcint pas lesl/3 * § §& do celul du Cameroun pou4quoi ? Pourtant le Cameroun a des expdricnces sur Ic pdtrole et le pauvre paysan tehndien q'ui n'a aucune id6c sur le 6dtrolc les 70.000 P sert A quoi ? et pour combien de durde7 _____ Est co qu'ils auront un pourcentage sur le pLrojet plus tard _ 1 Inport sur I environnements Plan de compensation et autre, puis Plan de Ddveloppement Rlgional, pourquolC cc changement ? 12 Inplication de la Banque Mondiale. Quelle est la position actuelle de la Banquo Mondiale quant A In continuation effective des travaux du projet _ 3 Quel nors rdserve-t-on aux 26 personncs A rdinstaler ? 4 Pourquol seulemenit des salles de lectire an Cameroun et non au Tcliad ? Pourtant les tchadiens ontlnussi besoin des informations sur le projet. ,- 5 A la page 4, point 2 - I" tird, Ia partie emploi ..... migration me semble confus , car ie ne comprends pas ce quo cela veut dire. C_ 6 Pour l'ampleur du travail qui nous attend, a-t-il pens6 A la formation des puvriers lcliadlens spdcinlis6s ? A cet effet mon inquidtude est qu'il no faudrait pas quo nouts soyons envahis au moment venu par des expatrids qul se _rldnarc ddjA pour ce fait. .,,__ 7 1 L'emploi sera en faveur de la population d'un village A tn autre. fI reste A savoir, en cas do r&!gressioni sur le pot)tcontage en revenu agricole, y a-f-il des mesurcs de renforcemeint prdvu pour le renforcechent de la population en cas _d'e I famine. Si oui sera-t-il du c8td EISSO ou CTNSC. a Nous savons tous que avec I'MvFnement du pdtrole, il y aura une implantation massive des entreprises dtrangers, Or, nous hommes sans ignor6s que le secteur inforinel nourrit plus de 70 % de la population tchadienne. J'aimerai I savoir ce quo le Gouvernement a prdvu pour cc secteur (clifirc A I'appuT SVP). Nous avons entendu sur les ondes des radios internalionales la prolestalioo des associations de ddfense de l'environnenient pour lc trac6 du pipeline, parce qu'elle ddtruit itme forgt primaire, quelle a b(L la position d'WiESSO et du _ Gouvemement tohadien ? O Le traitement des d6chets sera comment 7 Dans In prdsentation de Mr ZONGRRE conccimant laI compensalion, il apparait que le Consortitum fait beaucoup de largessc aux paysan. Ces largesses seront-elles gratuites ou impulides sur la part qui reviendra A I'Etal tchadicn? cc Consortium n'cst pas imne auvre de charlI6, c'est un cornmerVant. _ xpliqu ter nous plus clairement. 2 Quelles sont les mesumrs A prendre ou prises pour des probl6mes inier- dthnique dans l, recrutement ? 3 Entre le Tchnd et le Cameroun, qui est le grand bdn6flcinire du revenut _ ptrolier 7 Bntro le Tchad ct le France aussi ? 4 If a 5td prdvu quo to premier barit du brut toliadien aura lieu en l'an 2001. mais _vec le relard observ6 du projet A auand le prermier baril du brut Ichadien ? 5 . A-1-il pensd A In pollution de l'air dont on connatt les retombees graves sur la population environnanto . i'6 Notus demandons lI rdponsp Amnotre premi6re question de la part des experts de eSSO ADES: Un peuple quillbrd, rqspectd et cr6dible est un peuple qui s'ncquitte de ses deltes, ses erdaiices vis A vis do ses d6bitcurs. Est-ce que le rcvcnU pdtroller pemiettra at Tchad de se lib6rer de ses obligations A I'dgard do t'6tranger pour s'occuper efficacement A promouvoir son destin qui est un travail de longue hal6ne ? 7 Les revenus escomptts du petrole sont A peui pres les mermes que cc quo le tchad connalt nvec la culture du colon tout compte fail le pays domeure pauvrp. Ainsi esl-il permis de croire que ceux du Pdtrole opdreront un miracle pour los tchndiens. 8 Quelle es( In part des r9ligions dans le projet pctrolier ct In part des ONG nationales? '_. Sanld: Est ce que des mesures ont dtd prises dmis le cadre do santd des .__ immi rants etraniers A In recherche do 1'emploi ? I . Nous avons entendu seutement parler de d6veloppement des postes dans Ia . zone petroli&e sans parler du d6veloppenient des tdldcommunications alors le consortumest un grand consommateutr des tdldcommunications. _ _L'oploittlion du Pdlrole appuiera,t-elle Nexploitniion de la chaiux de Pala ? Ponsez-vous que l1oftice de l'ernploi sorait-il en mesure de centraliser toutes (es demandes d'emploi. Dans la mesure ob elle privildgie 1'emploi aux expatri5s au ddtriment des nationaxu__ ODirde de vie du Projel ?Est ce quo les ONG sont assocides aux visiles de villages pour les inforner sur l'oldoduc, discussion sur les effets possibles Plan d'explolialion: Pourquoi l'ESSO paye-t-elle le ddplacement de la population avant d'aller A In Banque. Pourquol bon n,ombre des ONG souit elies irnpliqkudes dans ['exportation du. brut tchndien or ll y a plusiours activitAs dans Ic pays. H Le bulletin d'irforrnatlon trimestriel dditd par E1SSO . A-t-it ddjA pris des dIsposltions en vue de distribuer gratuiltement aux diff5rents ministare, aux ncsdications de In socid6d civile et nux nu/res tcfldiens Ic b)ulleCin d'in foination trimestriel . Comment ESSO vit se prendre pour envoycr les plusicurs num6ros des bulletins d'information tinmestriel aux ONO el autres ptublics 7 . Od trouverons nous le bulletin d'tinforniation Itrimestriel et A quel prix ? La lol fixe tr6s'claircmnlent In procddure d'expropriation (Loi 25 de 1967). Avez vous respecld ces dispositions ldgales 7 L'expropriation en faveur de la TOTCO doit dgalemrnt obdir A une procddure bien prdcise. Le D6cret d'utilitd publlque a-t-il d6jA dtd promulgud (date de la promulgntion dudit d6cret) our qut vous commenciez les compensations _ Pouvez vous recraeer clairement pour cette assembide les dispositions de la Loi ci-dessus cilde et nous dire comment vous avez proc6dd 7 ESSO a 'air trop gentille pour ne p,as inquidtcr. Diles-nous commenl vous compter rdparer le pr6judicelmoral que ne manguerot pas do subir ces populations, _, , _ , , _ , _, 9 La synthbse avec lequel la projet pdtrole du Tchad est en cours nous parait * trs lenl et 9a finit par d6copirager A cc quw ce rylltnie serait aecdl6rer afin de ! i t d6clencher lPeNpoir aux temples et r6pondre- a Iur anbitions? 7___-____ O AprFs exploitation et mise en vento du p6trole, comment Wvaluez-vous le revenu pdtrolier d'un habitant ? I ljxplication explicite sur cegx qui ont 6t6 envoyd en fprmntioti sur le domaine du p6trolo et qui en serait envoy6s 7 Sur quetles crileres les choses se sontl ___ ___ passees ? __ _ __ _ __.__ _ __ _ __ _ 2 Citons quo le Cameroun est Ic pays le plus brneficiaire sur cc projet. Pouruoii? ' 3 Est cc qu les' Camerounais et les tchadiens travailleiront ensemble dans ce projet. Si oul, ils bAndficieront les m6mes donnees que les telhadiens. Pourquoi 7 4 Est ce quo vous avez fait tn inventaire des oiseaux de Ia rdgions 7 Si non, pensez-vous le faire 7 5 L'environnement de In rdgion aura connaitra des cliangemcn(s pour n'est pas parld de perturbation de t'habltat des olseaux. Qu'6st ce qui est prdvu pour cela 7 Dkiis tous les tnivaux, nous remarquons malheureuscmeiit qtue les ouvricrs (le I . personinel) se nourrissent o de Ia snuvatgile )) surtout (les oiseaux, est cc que les ouvriers ont di1 sensibilisd au respect de l'enviroluuement7 7 Enfinj'aimernis savoir si vous travaillez avec ceclub connaitre la nature (Club PN) de N'Djamdna ? Si non je vous le sugg6re pour son expdrience en _ _ mai&rc de I'omithologie. 8 Ddns le document intituld (( sdance de consultation avec Ics ONG et le Public)) it est en fait dhat, dans la page 1, des osalles de lecture)) dtablis dans 17 localilds du Cameroun. * B3xpliquez-nous de quelles salles d6l.ecture il s'ngit 7 * Dites nous pourquoi clies sonl uniquemenit diablies au Camneroun et non au Tchad __._ . L'implantatlon de la raffinerio hor, du Tcihad (pr6cis6ment au Cameroun) nd va l-elle pas avoir d'incideoces n6gatives sur le prixidu ptrolo A In cohsommation 7' A qui d'entre le Cameroun el le Tchad reviendroftt les sous-produdits du j | p6trole A savoir 16 goudron, etc... Expliquez avec ct6 de repartilioil A I'appul t 3Existe t-il desndgociations deji entamt6es entre = EKiste t-il des ndgociations ddjA entamdes entxe le consortitum et 1'E3tat au sujet de la protection sociale des tavailleurs migranis du consortitim ? Si cola i'est pas fait comment lo conisortiun cntend assurer In protection sociale de _ ces travaillcurs ? Le paiement de compensation en nature ne se pose-t-iI pas de problnmcs de valeur entre les deux biens surtout en ce qul coneemc les sites saerdes, les lieux de sdpucultures et les cultures pour les persomies en ddmdinagemcnt ou en ddplacoment . I . 9 Comment peut on assurer In s&curlid de 1'emploi dans un mronde de travail sans qualification professiRnnelle ? Les entreprises instaildes an Tchad ont tenidance A mener une politique do discrimination salariale entre les nationnux el les expatrids de m8nme _________ qualification. Qu'entendez-vous faire A votre lotor __. Qtli s'occupe de la vente du pdtrol tlchadien nu marclid mondial 7 Probl6me de ddguerpissement Contrairemezit A In ddclaration fiaile par le Coordinateur socio-dconomique de E3SSO Mr JoUI PASTOR, afir-mant( dans Ic mcinsuel Jeune Afrique Economique n' 265 du I' au 14 juin 1998 que le trc6 du pipelinie nc touchera nucun village el leur objectif est de .ddplcer zdro famille et reprise aujourd'hui par ZONGRE que sur les 26 personnes tonchdes, 25 seront ddplacdes et urie seulement serait rdinsialler. Est-il possible que les 300 puits qil parlironutdes sous-prdfectures de Bdbidja, Gordj Doba, lnYbokoum, Moundou, Bdnoye, l36namar, Kdlb, Pala, LOY, Koumra etc....vers la station de pompage,.des injections d'enu en direction de Miandoumr Komd et Bolobo vont le garder et saigner la brousse ct Ics l villages, d&aciner ls arbres et desherber (37 tuyauteries vers Miandouim 2/3 vers Konmd et 50 vers Bolobo) ne prdsentent pas touchler plus de persoruies quo celle sus-cihdes (26). 17 Ilyironnemne : Destruction et restauration Pour des raisons sus-6voqudes, rnnis voudrions savoir, est cc qu'il y a une loi pour 1'environnement ? Y a -til une marge pour la restauration ? Nous voudrions bion avoir les copies. L'ADES cii sa quaRtd do ddfcnseur de l'environnemetnt de la zone impose sa pa. ,icipation. ._.- __________.__.________________._,_. iS Nous voudrions savoir aussi, es( cc que le projet tchadien dans sa forme aQtuelle ne sort pas A indemaiser A juste titre 7. - ,Non citons A titre d'exemple - Manque du plan de formation de Ia population victime pour sa prise en charge apr6s son d6placernent n Concernant la formation des cadres aucune'repr6sentationJ n'st observde, d'ailleurs cette indemnisnlion A juste titre ne respecte pas les nonnes (la loi 1310. portant la pdriode de Ia campagne n'est pas parvenie aux paysan, les Institutions locales ny sont pas impliquides) - Manque des mesures pour lcs,cffies ndgatifs que risque d'engendrcr le projet pdtrole sur le plan Dio-pltysique, socio-6conomique et ctilturel. Non association dr dlu rdseau d'inforination que ddveloppezncnt Ia zoino victline dans to projel (ADES-tQADES/B) ASSOCIATION D'AUTOPROMOTION POUR LA DEFENSE D1E fIENMVIRONtjEMvlENT ET LE DI3VELOPPEMENT SOCIO. -._'___ ECONOMIQUI3 DE LA SOUS PREHECTURE DE BE3BIDJA ( ADES) ) _, 9 'est dans le soucis d'une meilleure gestion, qu'un plan de gestion de 1'envirotwement a did produit. Par la suite, co plan de d6vcloppernnt rdgional avee des rcssources d'urgence A I'appui qui est l'objet d'une large consultation A Alff6rents niveaux depuis uin certain Iemps. On estime 9ue ce travail prdliminaire permettTa d'’mpliquer an maximum _ .~~~~ I I * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.1 toutes les populaliots de la zone et celles des avoisinan(tes ofin de prendre en comptoe leur soucis majeurs et feurs atlentes. )o -Nous avons pr6vus dans Ic plan de d6veloppement r6gional plus pr6cis6ment dans les mesures d'urgence un volel sdcuritd sociale prend eii compte les prdcnulions et les nmesures prdventives en cas d'insfcuritM quelconque, les cas .recueillis aupr6s des populatiois locales, ONG et d'autres A co sujel seront incluses dans ce programnme. I J'entatne directment pour rdponse A la queslion quatit au fond de dddomnagement en cas d'accident. tJn autre plan intit-u6 (a Plan d'intervention en cas de d6versement)) est en cours de finalisation. Dans ce t plan, quo ces cas d'accidents sont trailds. Quand A la mnthode de gestion du pourcentage de revenu altribud A la zone, Je vous invite A vous r6f6rer A In tlo n° 00 IPlt/99. I , I, 12 SEJLLIER pourrait nous dire dans un rayon de combien de kn (es pipeline dolt, passer par rapport aux villages et champs? . . 13 Monsieur ZONOGRE pourrait nous,dqnner avoc ~Idtails pret la variation des indemnitds 7 Ou bien de nous donner d'unc marli6re explicite les indemnlitds suivant un pie1l de manguier A un champ de mil]? 4 Monsieur DOUNIA ou Monsieur NGARAM peuvent inous certifier quc le cosorlium est revenu aux bons sentiments pour'quc les cadres telindiens , doihent habiter ensemble avec les cadres du consortium 7 5 I 3xpiolotaion du putrole du Tcfhad: Mytlhe ou rdalitds Si c'estdevenu une rdalit d: gucile est sa dur6e: 5.10.15.20.25.30... 6 Quel est le plan de gestion de recettes de ce petrole 7 Quel lnvestiss,ment girdconise le Tchad et E3§SO,'(Plan de D6veloppement National concr8t). 7 QUGIIes sont los garamnies de survie d'ordre salanial ce 6conomiquc, qui sont offertes par le Tehad et ISSO pour In gdn6raIion future. 8 Comment peut on nvoir acg6s au Plan R6gioigal de Dcvelopemrent? 9 LUs p4rsonnes gouch6es n'ont-elles pas un avantage cerlain dans l'avenir, un __________ drolt dons les revenus p6troliers, parce que v'u la pollution de l'air et ._ .._._._.___-_- '__ _ I'appartenance ancestrale do co terrain, ces perso ines ont le droit absolu. 1001 Pouxquoi les partiles politiques qul sont 6oncrn&s par Ia gestion des ressources du pdtrole ne sont pas impliquds dans los organes centraux de ______,_ controle? 101 En lisant le document sur les mesures urgentes... on a l'impression que to projet s'Inqui6le deIla Iiible senslbllisation CAite par l'Eitat au sein de la populationien mati6re d'immigration. Pourquoi le projet ne fait-iI pas recours au milieu universilaire surlout nux 6tidiants pour lutter contre l'imnigration ? /102 Un plan de ddveloppement rdglonal es( propose et discute un budget a , dgalenient estnm6 ....... (uant AI'npplication, des resures urgentes son( pr6vues done des actions A cours terme. Pour le reste des actions, its seronlt gdrds dans Ic temps et dans lVespace comme tout Plan de d6veloppement 403 Nous dtions & plusleurs reprises sur le terrain et tout rncernment dans le cidreo de cette cOnsullataon, nous n'nvons pas s( qu'il y a une telle associalion (ADES) est-ce une association avec r6sidence ici A N 'Djatnnna ou autro. Tou(es ces pr6occupations que voIis venez de oiter sont prises en comple dims les mesures urgentes pour att6nuer les cefe(s urgetiles pour ahtdtiucr les effets ndfas(es du au projet pdtrolk. . Mesures prises pour dviter I'afflux des populations (exode) vers In zone p6troire.. . PDR pr6voit camnpagne de sensibilisation, d'Information.... bureaux do recrutement au dehors de In zone pAtroli6re 404 Un accord a &t6 sign6 entre le Cameroun et le Toihad. Donc le Cameroun est partie prenante du projdt d'exportation du p6trole tchadien. Es(-ce que tes mesures prdventlves ont Wt6 prises au cas ot l'une de deux parties, renoncera A pet accord? S 05 Vous avez prdsenln trbs bon programme do ddveloppement r6gional. Lo coOt est dvalu6 116 niilliards. Pouvez vous nous donner des garanties en cc qui concernc 1'applieation concr6fe dece programme 7 Car nous savons quo _ -les texles no sont ps respeclns dans ce pays. Ne seront-ils pas (les texies)_- ______ . odifi6s 6ventiwllninent').. ,Q06 Le facteur sdeuritM a-l-il dt6 pris en compte avee accentiualion pour exciter la .____ .___. criminalit6 qui risque de se d6velopper dans )a r6gion du.pro jet pdtrolc? 1/o07 Quelles sont les mesures ,bises pour remddier s'il y a lieu aux efforts du projet d'exportation sur l'environnement et In possibilitd de comjeusation des consdquences dommageables du projet sur les 6cosystrnes fraglles .... e... t les risques d'accident de teolmnologie. Ao08s Quelles sont les mesures'priscs pour dviter l1exode des populationis dons los prdfectures environnementales dams ............ , q09 Dana certains pays en pdriode d'exploitation du pdtrole on utilise le brut pour _________procurer de N'nergic, Pourguoi pas au Tchad.? ___________________ AJ,O Question sur le Plan de Compensation et dc R6installation . Lors do vos consultations avec les personnes vivant de cc projet a la place do toule autre comnpensation ? Si, oui, vos commontaires? ._.__ 41 1 Dans Ic processus do consultation avec ls populations locales, comineitt lP6lie originalro de In r6igin a-t-ell ete impliqude ? ____ A,412 Pourquol ce projet a pris un retard confornndment au paragralple prdvu 7 413 Oexploilation de pdtrolt engage le plus souvent de gros invesfissrmcn. I Comment comprendre depuis 3 ans les zones dans lesquelles vous travaillez _ les routes no sont pas amchlagdesa _---_-. iji 4 Pouirguol vous no rfccnez que frois esp6ces d'arbres pour indenimiiselr? ,__ 415 Quei sera Ic sort des villages qui se thouvent dans le cercle de station de collecte ? 416 Quel sera l'impact de l'installation des tuyaux reliant les points nux station de colcliecte ? Y aura-t-il de possibiljld de ctilture? &17 Quelles sont les axes (routes) qui ont dtd retenues en maOire de transport et communication: infrastructure routi6re... I 4.18 Construction des kcoles, collUges sur les champs p6trolif%res. 19 ' Les indemnisations sont elles exon&r6es, d'imp6t sur le revenu 7 ou taxable 7 ,20 Quelles sttradgies metlez vous en place p6ur contrecarr,qr les presentes socio- antiropoloRigues qui p1euvent conlrecarrer lo bon d6roulcrent des naouts du . I _ .-. .__.pdltole 1,., 4 21 0i en est on avec [a mis en. place du Secr6fariat ElxdculiC du CTNSC ? ) 22' Rovenu attendu par le Tehad? l23 ,Li situation actuelle avee ia politique? I j,24 | Rdtablir PNquilibra econoinique : Revenus en plus + garde fous de In loi sur la ,gestion des revenus pdtroliers - dquilibre 6conomique entendu changement posilif mindlioralion de nos conditions de WI,., 4.25 P6trole ne paralysera pas les autres activit6s ? PDR 46 O0 en est on avec la mnise en place du Secretarint Excu(if du CTNSC des a nspects cnvirounementaux des projets pdtrollers 7 J427 Quelles s1rat6gies mectcz-vous en place pour contrecarrcr les pesanteur SQCio- anthiropologlques de la rdgion qui peuvent entraver to bon ddroulement des aclivlt6s du pdtrolet? 128 Pensez-vous que I'ArrAtd n' 431 O/MlFS/DESDTCPC/98 du 14 d4cembre 1998 portant ouverture d'une p6riode d'enqu8te et do publicit6 de 2 mnois relative A 'occupation des terres pour les besoins du systWme de transport TOTCO est-il vraiment responsable ? Sdrieux.? 429 Avec ('exploitation du p6trole la population du Tcliad va augmenter sOreohent, alors quelle sont (es mesures prises pour proidger l1ensernblu de la population afin d'Mviter Ic danger7 j3 0 Le Tchnd est un.pays A vdeation ,agricole, par contre Ics tcliadiens n'arrivcnt pas A satisfaire lours besoins alime,itaires qu'cn pensez-vous quand le p6trole sera exploit6 7 _ 431 Es(-ce qu'on ne peut pas utiliser u,e partie du jwtrole de Komd pour la consonmmation locale, A Ja place de celui de Sedigui, lequlc en raisoni de sa _ualit6 ne rdppnd pas au besoin de consommation locale. ) 2 Personnnc n'ignore les graves crises que connait le pays africain pdtrolier (Nigeria avec l'affaire Ogonle, Angola,, Congo Brazzaville, Lusaka et Darissalan), pour le Tchad pensez vous cviter lo meconientement rdgional au cas le olan de geslion est mal gdr6 ._______________________________._._._.__ ,13 JJusqu'IA une sensibilisation est faite sur le pipeline de 3 puits (Miandloum, * ~~~~~~~~~~~~I. I11 Komd ct B3olobo) nais les 300 puits ne sbnt pas sur (our lieux. Alors si te) n'est le cas, dites-nous ob se tarissent les autres puits pour les converger les 3 liecux A savoir Komd, Bolobo et Miandoum. 134 D'aprts les documents sur 1'exploitution future du pltrole tchadien, 5 % de I revenu p6trolier sont uffec(ds pour Ic ddveloppement de la zone 'du projet. Pourquoi les nulres pr6fcctures du Tchad tno bidnicient pas de certains nombres de pourcentage pour leur ddvcloppernent 7 Est cc que les ONG nalioniales de d6veloppernest bdn6ficIeront du produit 16trolier 7 135 Les paysans qui ont obtenu lindemnisation de la part du projet en nature: v6lo - clarruo - charrettes et bocufs d'attelage qui seront pilles par les fails dc guerre coamme A l'accoutum6e, seronl ils assurer par ESSO-SIELL et ELP. Dans le cas 8cludant, ils auraient perdus leurs terrains - mais - champs et arbres sans garantie do jouissance. 136 Au moment oit le peuplp tchadien att6nua 1'exploitataon do son p6trole A la _______ date de l'an 2001. I 137 Des campagnos tnalveillantes se font 0a et IA et la rdticence de certaines institudons internationales complique aussi. Qu'est ce quo le (ouvernement envisage ? , 138 ' 13n foute quldtude, car no l'oublions pas unc personne morduc par un serpent, voit A son pAssage tine corde, eprouvc uno r6action nortnale qut'un serpent est IA et il saute. Car ln zone du p6trole aU Logone Oricntal a dId victime de I ppil lage de In part des soldats gouvernemnenlaux nussi bioen que de la part des rebelless, 'est une dvenlualit5 A no pas perdre de vue Merci. 139 La grille salariale des ouvriers, sur le forage et exportations. . 140 Les ouvriers qualiftls d6jA dans le domaine des forages et exportation du pipeline ne doivent pas aller dans Ia zone pdtroliore? __4 1 _ Peut-on savbir le phx exacl par arbre abaltuc ou terrain affbchW. ' 442 Aura-f-il des r6parations des rdparations pour In nature endommagde, je veux I dire par IA. Un projet de reboisement siurtout doe traed de pipeline _ -f4 3- Jo m'en vais suseiter quelque agitation blen q;c ma question ne confoxmie pas ___ _ avee la s.anice mais il a tdu que les rdalilts sont ddgagdes. Pourquoi a-t-Il acceldrd lo projet petrole sans potr aulant prdparer des cadres pour Ia gestion 7 D'autre part ou enlend dire y a d6jA commission pour Ia formation des jounes pour Jo pdtrole. Qui est an courant du reentement de cecsjeunes et , zIquel procdure a-t-on prise pour recruter ces l5trochimis(es ___.. 1'44 Ma dernl6re question porte sur la gestion de ressources p6troli6res. On n'a pas A ['image de certains pays, prdvu uin fonds de dddomnagement en cas d'accident. Les 5 % prdvu dans In loi sur la geslion des rovenms pdtroliers feralk, en quelque sonre ioffie de cc fondA. Or, on a sciemment 6(iminer les dividendes1de ces 5 %; les redevances constituant les garanties de la nmiWi- raffinerie de N'Djamdna, on ne peut ators parler de 5 % A )a zone. Comment pourralt on alors appliquer I'article 212 de la conslitufi6n qui exige I'affeclalion d'un pourentage des ressources extqiats du sous-sot in l zone _ productrice . _,_..;_._ .__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . ..4 . . . . ... . . . . . . _ . . , Fi~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t~ , 1- ---'- -- ^ .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I 7-22 L'analyse de V'ventail des -questions indique -que dixt l0) thEmes principaux ont fai Pobjet de dbats-francs et constuctifs. Le s6ieux- avec lequet I'ensemble des-_ questions ont d6 formul6es par ecrt montre a suffisance Uint6rdt que portent -les parficipants a 1'ensemble des preoccupations llMes a rexploaion du p6trole dont ils en attendent une att6nuation des contraintes majeures du d6veloppement soio- economique. L'approche participative utiIis&e par le CTNSC rencontre pleinement ['adhesion des participants qui souhaitent d'autres seances du genre en vue de stimpliquer au maximum dans tout le processus. Commence comme pr6vue A 9 H 00, la consultaton a pris fin A 19 HOO. Fait a N'Djam6nna, le 30 mars 1999 Le Direceur General du Ministbre de I'Environnement et de P'Eau, Pr6sident du CT SC SANDJIMA DOUNIA LISTE DES INVITES A LA SEANCE DE CONSULTATION PUBLIQUE DU 29 MARS 1999 AU PALAIS DU 15 JANVIER A N'DJAMENA PRESIDENCE DE LA REPUBLIQUE - Conseiller au D6veloppement Rural - Conseiller a ia Presse et aux Droits de l'Homme - Conseiller aux Infrastructures - Conseiller aux Affaires Sociales - Conseiller aux Affaires Economiques PRIMATURE - Conseiller au D6veloppement Rural et a l'Environnement - Conseiller a la Presse - Conseiller aux Infrastructures - Conseiller aux Affaires Sociales - Conseiller aux Affaires Economiques ASSEMBLEE NATIONALE - President de la Commission Politique Gen6rale, Institutions, Lois, Affaires Administratives et Judiciaires - Pr6sident de la Commission Finances, Budget et Comptabilit6 Publique - Pr6sident de la Commission Economie, D6veloppement et Plan - Pr6sident de la Commission Communication, Droits Fondamentaux et Libert6s - Pr6sident de la Commission Sante, Affaires Sociales, Condition de la Femme et Droits de I'Enfant - Pr6sident de la Commission Education, Culture, Recherche et Ressources Humaines - President de la Commission Affaires Etrangeres et Cooperation Internationale - Pr6sident de la Commission Defense et Securite - Attache de Presse MINISTERES - Ministre de l'Environnement et de l'Eau - Ministre des Mines, de l'Energie et du P6trole - Ministre des Finances et de l'Economie - Ministre du Plan et de l'Amenagement du Territoire DIRECTIONS GENERALES ET DIRECTIONS TECHNIQUES DES MINISTERES - Directeur General du Ministere des Mines, de I'Energie et du Petrole - Directeur Gen6ral du Ministere des Finances et de I'Economie - Directeur General du Ministere du Plan et de l'Am6nagement du Territoire - Directeur Gen6ral du Ministere de la Fonction Publique, du Travail, de la Promotion de l'Emploi et de la Modernisation LISTE DES INVITES A LA SEANCE DE CONSULTATION PUBLIQUE DU 29 MARS 1999 AU PALAIS DU 15 JANVIER A N'DJAMENA DIRECTIONS GENERALES ET DIRECTIONS TECHNIQUES DES MINISTERES (suite) - Directeur G6neral du Ministere de la Communication - Directeur General du Ministere de la Culture, de ia Jeunesse et de la Promotion des Sports - Directeur Generai du Ministbre de la Justice - Directeur General du Ministere de la Sant6 Publique - Directeur General du Ministere du D6veloppement Industriel, Commercial et Artisanal - Directeur G6n6ral du Ministere de l'Action Sociale et de la Famille - Directeur General du Ministere des Travaux Publics, des Transports, de l'Urbanisme et de I'Habitat - Directeur General du Ministere de I'Agriculture - Directeur General du Ministere de I'Elevage - Directeur G6neral du Ministere du D6veloppement Touristique - Directeur Generai du Ministere de l'lnt6rieur, de la S6curite et de la Decentralisation - Directeur Gn&ral du Ministere des Postes et T6e6communications - Directeur Gen6ral du Ministere de l'Enseignement Sup6rieur et de la Recherche Scientifique - Directeur General du Ministere des Enseignements de Base, Secondaires et de l'Alphabetisation - Directeur General du Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres et de la Cooperation - Chef de I'Etat Major Particulier du Ministere de la Defense Nationale et de la Reinsertion - Directeur Gen6ral Adjoint du Ministere de l'Environnement et de l'Eau - Directeur des Forets et de la Protection de l'Environnement - Directeur de la Protection de ia Faune et des Parcs Nationaux - Directrice des Peches et de I'Aquaculture - Directeur de ['Hydraulique - Directeur des Ressources en Eau et de la Meteorologie - Directeur de la Statistique, des Etudes Economiques et D6mographiques - Directeur de I'Amenagement du Territoire - Directeur de la Programmation, du Financement et du Suivi des Programmes et Projets - Directeur de la Planification du Developpement - Directeur du Budget - Directeur du Mat6riel et de la Comptabilite - Directeur des Etudes et de la Pr6vision - Directrice du Contr6le Financier - Directeur des Domaines - Directeur de la Promotion des Productions et de la Securitb Alimentaire - Directeur des Mines - Directeur de I'Energie LISTE DES INVITES A LA SEANCE DE CONSULTATION PUBLIQUE DU 29 MARS 1999 AU PALAIS DU 15 JANVIER A N'DJAMENA DIRECTIONS GENERALES ET DIRECTIONS TECHNIQUES DES MINISTERES (suite) - Directeur des Collectivit6s Territoriales D6centralis6es - Directeur de l'Industrie et des Cooperatives - Directeur des Etudes Economiques et des Projets - Directeur des Archives et du Patrimoine - Directeur de la Te6lvision Nationale - Directeur de la Radiodiffusion Nationale EQUIPE DE NEGOCIATION DU PROJET PETROLE - Coodinateur, Presidence de la Republique - Directeur G6n6ral du Ministere de I'Environnement et de I'Eau - Directeur du Petrole, Ministere des Mines, de I'Energie et du Petrole - Directeur des Dettes, Ministere des Finances et de I'Economie - Repr6sentant du Ministere du Plan et de I'Amenagement du Territoire COMITE TECHNIQUE NATIONAL DE SUIVI ET DE CONTROLE DES ASPECTS ENVIRONNEMENTAUX DES PROJETS PETROLIER - Tous les 18 membres UNITE D'APPUI PERMANENT - GESTION ECONOMIQUE A L'ERE PETROLIERE - Coordinatrice - Cadre d'appui 1 - Cadre d'appui 2 CELLULE ECONOMIQUE - Coordonnateur SECRETARIAT NATIONAL CHARGE DU RENFORCEMENT DES CAPACITES - Coordonnateur SOCIETE D'ETUDES ET D'EXPLOITATION DE LA RAFFINERIE DU TCHAD (SEERAT) - Pr6sident du Conseil d'Administration - Directeur Adjoint, Charge des Finances LISTE DES INVITES A LA SEANCE DE CONSULTATION PUBLIQUE DU 29 MARS 1999 AU PALAIS DU 15 JANVIER A N'DJAMENA ORGANISATIONS POLITIQUES - MPS - URD - UNDR - RDP - UDR - UN - PLD - MRP - RNDT, Le Reveil - FAR - PAP/JS - MORENAT - PNRD - VIVA RNDP REPRESENTATION DIPLOMATIQUES (Attaches Economiques des Ambassades et Consulats) - Etats-Unis d'Amerique - France - Royaume Uni - Allemagne - Russie - Arabie Saoudite - Coree du Sud - Italie - Danemark - Egypte - Nigeria - Cameroun - Niger - Libye - Republique Centrafricaine - Soudan - Malte (Ordre Souverain de) - Grece - Aigerie - Chine LISTE DES INVITES A LA SEANCE DE CONSULTATION PUBLIQUE DU 29 MARS 1999 AU PALAIS DU 15 JANVIER A N'DJAMENA ORGANISATIONS INTERNATIONALES - Banque Mondiale * Repr6sentante Residente * Charge des Programmes * Charge des Relations avec les ONG - PNUD (Programme des Nations Unies pour le D6veloppement) * Repr6sentant R6sident * Charge des Programmes - 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ET ASSOCIATIONS DE LA SOCIETE CIVILE - CILONG (Centre d'Information et de Liaison des ONGs) - FONGT (F6deration des ONGs Tchadiennes) - DARNA - AGS (Action for Greening Sahel) - AFRICARE - AICF (Action Intemationale Contre la Faim) - ACRA (Association de Coop6ration Rurale en Afrique) - ARPES (Association Rurale pour la Promotion Economique et Sociale) - SECADEV (Secours Catholique Developpement) - EIRENE LISTE DES INVITES A LA SEANCE DE CONSULTATION PUBLIQUE DU 29 MARS 1999 AU PALAIS DU 15 JANVIER A N'DJAMENA ORGANISATIONS NON GOUVERNEMENTALES. ET ASSOCIATIONS DE LA SOCIETE CIVILE (suite) - INADES (Institut Africain pour le Developpement Economique et Social) - WORLD VISION - APEN (Association pour la Protection de I'Environnement et de la Nature) - AFVP (Association Francaise des Volontaires du Progres) - UNAD (Union Nationale des Associations Diocesaines) - ACORD (Action Cooperation Recherche D6veloppement) - AFRF - APR - CEFOD (Centre d'Etudes et de Formation pour le Developpement) - MCC (Memmonite Centrale Committee) - MSF (Medecins Sans Frontiere) - SWISSAID - VITA/PEP (Volunteers in Technical Assistance) - CE-DE-SEP - ACODE (Action pour la Cooperation et le Developpement) - NAFIR - MARDEV (Marche pour le Developpement) - CEPRIC - GFB (Groupement Femmes Betok) - CARM (Centre Animation Rurale MaTlao) - ASSIL (Association Soutien Initiatives Locales) - SAWA - ADM (Action pour le Developpement de Miskine) - ADMR (Action D6veloppement Milieu Rural) - Association Croix Verte - Gazelles noires - ADESPI (Association Developpement Economique Social d'lriba) - ALFMD (Association Lutte contre Faim, Malnutrition, D6sertification) - ATVPE (Association Tchadienne Volontaires Protection Environnement) - APROCOFF (Association pour la Protection et ia Conservation de la Faune et de la Flore) - ADECA (Association pour le Developpement du Canton Bidio) - GRAD (Groupe Recherche-Actions pour Developpement) - ASTBF (Association Tchadienne pour le Bien Etre Familial) - ADELOR (Association pour le D6veloppement Economique du Logone Oriental) - LTDH (Ligue Tchadienne des Droits de I'Homme) - ATPDH (Association Tchadienne pour la Promotion et la Defense des Droits de I'Homme) - APLF (Association pour les Libert6s Fondamentales au Tchad - UST (Union des Syndicats du Tchad) - SET (Syndicat des Enseignants du Tchad) - CLTT (Confed6ration Libre des Travailleurs du Tchad) LISTE DES INVITES A LA SEANCE DE CONSULTATION PUBLIQUE DU 29 MARS 1999 AU PALAIS DU 15 JANVIER A N'DJAMENA ORGANISATIONS NON GOUVERNEMENTALES. ET ASSOCIATIONS DE LA SOCIETE CIVILE (suite) - CADES (Comite des Associations pour le D6veloppement Economique et Social-B6bedja) - CAPE (Coordination des Associations des Parents d'Eleves) - ADISET (Association des Diplomes sans Emploi du Tchad) - UNET (Union des Etudiants du Tchad) - ACTT (Association des Chefs Traditionnels du Tchad) - ATNV (Association Tchad Non Violence- Moundou) - ADICAM (Miandoum-B61emel Bekoingar Gaius) - LTSE (Ligue Tchadienne Sauvegarde Environnement) - Sahel Ecologie - Solidarit6 Sahel - Eglise Catholique (Evech6) - EEMET (Entente des Eglises et Missions Evang6liques au Tchad) - Conseil Superieur des Affaires Islamiques du Tchad - Journal "N'Djam6na-Hebdo" - Journal "Le Temps" - Journal "L'Observateur' - Journal "Contact" - Journal "Victoire" - Journal "Progres" - Journal "Tchad et Culture" - ADC (Association pour la Defense des Droits de consommateurs) - ANDPMT - DED - GTZ (Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit) - BASE (Bureau d'Appui Sant6-Environnement) - ATEDEC - ATAR (Association Tchadienne Amis Refugi6s) - AEHPT - ADELIT - BASE / ITS (Bureau d'Appui Sante-Environnement / Institut Tropical Suisse) - SPONG (Secretariat Permanent des Organisations Non Gouvernementales) - CHAMBRE DE COMMERCE - CNPT - SOGEC International (Societe Generale d'Etudes et de Conseils-International) LISTE DES INVITES A LA SEANCE DE CONSULTATION PUBLIQUE DU 29 MARS 1999 AU PALAIS DU 15 JANVIER A N'DJAMENA PERSONNES RESSOURCES - MASRA TAMTANGAR NGOIDI - Consultant National PDR - BAMBE DANSALA - AMOS REOULENGAR - KEYTORO MWABANYOL GABRIEL - ABBA DANA - Pr. FACHO BALAM - ABOUBAKAR OURDE - LAOUBEUL DARA - MYARO BERAMBOTO - NDIKIMBAYE DOLMIA AUTRES ORGANISATIONS - STEE (Societ6 Tchadienne d'Eau et d'Electricite) - SODELAC (Soci6te de Developpement du Lac) - SONASUT (Societe Nationale Sucriere du Tchad) - COTONTCHAD APPENDIX H ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI-APPENDIXH CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN APPENDIX H POTENTIAL INDIRECT SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS DUE TO INDUCED MIGRATION INTO THE OIL FIELD DEVELOPMENT AREA OF SOUTHERN CHAD 1.0 INTRODUCTION: THE TERMS OF REFERENCE This analysis is an assessment of the likely level of immigration that might occur during the oil field development phase of the Chad Export Project (the Project), and its significance in terms of the ability of the Project area's communities to accommodate the migrants. The assessment will establish the basis for specifying appropriate mitigating measures to reduce or avoid adverse impacts. It is important to emphasize at the outset that the focus of this analysis is on induced migration, which is defined as the spontaneous relocation of itinerants to the Project area in response to the perceived opportunity of finding employment. Mitigating these persons' impacts is the responsibility of the Government. The analysis does NOT assess the socioeconomic impacts of workers who will be recruited locally, specifically to work on the construction or operation of the oilfield exploration, production and transportation facilities. Mitigation of any problems associated with direct Project employment is the responsibility of the Project sponsors and is covered elsewhere in the Environmental Management Plan. The first parameter - the influx of migrants - may be estimated by examining the experiences of areas where similar projects have been undertaken, and by examination of pertinent data resulting from the National Census of Chad that was undertaken in 1993. In the case of the oil field area in Chad, there is the direct experience from several oil exploration survey projects in recent years to give an indication of the response of inhabitants from near and distant locations in Chad to the opportunity for oil field jobs. Major mineral and energy development projects in other sub-Saharan countries also provide information on the topic. The second parameter - the significance of the influx - is estimated on the basis of an understanding of the demographic, economic, cultural and political conditions in southwestern Chad. The following section presents the general approach taken for the research. It is followed by a summary of findings. 2.0 RESEARCH ACTIVITIES Information used as a basis for this study was obtained from the following sources: RDP Appendix H English HI May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I - APPENDIX H CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 1. Inquiries to World Bank and IFC environmental specialists for references to project documents containing estimates or evaluations of induced migration arising from resource and infrastructure development projects, with a particular focus on petroleum and mining projects in sub-Saharan Africa. 2. Document searches on the World Bank Group's Internet websites for relevant publications (e.g., EAs, technical reports and abstracts). These searches identified a number of reports and other documents that were obtained through downloading of texts or ordering from the World Bank InfoShop. Of particular interest were several Environmental Assessments for IFC-supported petroleum and mining projects in Congo, Egypt, Ivory Coast, Mali, Mozambique, and Uganda. 3. Title and subject searches through the Internet of various academic and development agency libraries. These searches yielded several pertinent reports and abstracts (including the Overseas Development Institute [UK], United Nations Population Division, Institute of Development Studies [University of Sussex], and Oxford University Press). 4. Review of professional and academic journals for articles related to demographic and economic impacts of development (e.g., the World Bank's Research Observer, Economic Review, Conference on Development Economics, 1997, Finance and Development, and such journals as Land Economics and Annals of Regional Science). 5. Analysis, in conjunction with a Chadian consultant, of data relating to migration within Chad. These data were developed based on the results of the National Census of 1993, published in 1995 in Volume Ill, Part 4 of "Migration, Urbanism". 6. Contacts and interviews with sociologists and economists having field experience in developing countries, and particularly Chad and other sub-Saharan African countries. All of these contacts (listed below) have provided consulting services on prior World Bank/IFC-supported projects: * Ellen P. Brown, Ph.D, rural sociologist * Muneera Salem-Murdock, Ph.D, rural sociologist * Emma C. Hooper, Ph.D, socioeconomist * Philip Burnham, Ph.D, sociologist, University of London * Georgius Koppert, cultural anthropologist, GEPFE, Paris * George Courade, demographer, ORSTOM, Paris * E.A. Pollett, sociologist, Institute of Natural Resources, University of Natal * Masra Tamtangar N'Goidi, socioeconomist, N'Djam6na RDP Appendix H Engiish H2 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I - APPENDIX H CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN The fundamental factor underlying induced migration is rural poverty. It is the underlying cause of people choosing to migrate in search of jobs and money. Chad, like most Sub-Saharan African countries, is in the grip of the "population/agriculture/environment nexus" that has plagued the region.' High population growth rates, declining agricultural productivity, and environmental degradation are self-reinforcing forces that operate in a vicious circle. In Chad and other Sub-Saharan countries, the governments and private sector lack the resources and institutional mechanisms to effectively marshal and allocate natural resources. Breaking the circle would require adoption of technologies that increase farm productivity, institutions and attitudes that encourage innovation, investment in and emancipation of women, and laws and enforcement capabilities that promote and protect property rights of individuals and the environment. A recent study by the World Bank evaluated the causes of poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa. The report, Taking Action for Poverty Reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa,2 provides a succinct list of poverty affributes. Several of these attributes provide opportunities for direct action at the local level: * Inadequate access to employment opportunities. * Inadequate physical assets, such as land and capital, and minimal access by the poor to credit even on a small scale. * Inadequate access to the means of supporting rural development in poor regions. * Inadequate access to markets where the poor can sell goods and services. * Low endowment of human capital. * Destruction of natural resources leading to environmental degradation and reduced productivity. * Inadequate access to assistance for those living at the margin and those victimized by transitory poverty. * Lack of participation; failure to draw the poor into the design of development programs. In this kind of environment, people act to minimize risk and devote themselves to basic subsistence activities. There is a ready reservoir of under-employed working-age men ready to migrate in the hope of finding jobs on development projects, at least during the dry season when there is little to be done on farms. 1 Cheaver, et al. 1994. Reversing the Spiral: The Population, Agricultural and Environment Nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa. Directions in Development Series. Washington D.C.: World Bank. Summarized in Findings No. 28. World Bank Africa Region, December 1994. 2 Op. cit. World Bank Report No. 15575-AFR, May 1996. Summarized in Findings No. 73, 'Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa: Issues and Recommendations." World Bank Africa Region, October 1996. Similar findings and associated recommendations for targeting poverty-stricken populations are presented in the RDP Appendix H English H3 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTPLAN PART I-APPENDIX H CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 3.0 EVALUATION OF RESEARCH FINDINGS 3.1 The Data Problem There is a significant lack of empirical data on induced migration at the specific project level. At the national or multi-national level, there is ample documentation of flows of people, much in the context of wars and civil disturbances that have driven large populations to flee for their lives. But at the micro-regional level within national boundaries, the database for migrations induced by individual projects is sparse. Clarification of the issue requires both primary and secondary research. 3.2 Findings from Published Project Reports The inability to obtain data with which to estimate internal migration stimulated by development projects led to a search for Environmental Assessments for large petroleum and mining projects in Sub-Saharan Africa. Based on the World Bank's Public Information Center's Internet webpage listing of Environmental Assessments for which full texts were available, copies of the following EAs were obtained: * Congo - Elf Congo N'Kossa Oil Field Project (March 1994): offshore oil and LNG production and floating export facility (main text in French; Executive Summary in English). * Cote d'lvoire - Cl-11 Oil & Gas Development Project (August 1994): offshore oil and gas collection facility and pipelines to onshore refining and treatment facilities. * Cote d'lvoire - Foxtrot Gas Development Project (March 1998): offshore gas collection facility and pipelines to onshore markets. * Egypt - Qarun Oil field Complex and Pipeline Project (May 1995): oil collection facility in the Western Desert and pipeline to Cairo area refinery. * Mali - Sadiola Hill Gold Project (September 1994): expansion of gold mine and smelting/refining facilities. * Mozambique - Mozal Aluminium Smelter Project (November 1995): aluminum smelter and port facility development project. * Uganda - Kasese Cobalt Company Project (November 1995): rehabilitation and expansion of cobalt processing operation on old copper mine tailings and development of hydroelectric power station. (Some data were also gathered on the Lesotho Highlands Water Project, another World Bank- supported project involving migration issues. Environmental Assessment documents were not obtained for this project, however.) Institute for Development Studies report Poverty and the Environment in Developing Countries: An Overview Study, by Melissa Leach and Robin Mearns (IDS, 1996). RDP Appendix H English H4 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I - APPENDIX H CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN Only two of the seven EAs had quantified estimates of migration to the Project areas, and only one presented specific mitigation measures for dealing with the problem. The Sadiola Hill Gold Project EA estimated that construction and operation of the expanded gold mine and smelter would ultimately cause an influx of up to 1,000 persons to the district, and that these migrants would potentially number two to three times the operating workforce of 400 persons. Peak construction employment would be around 800 workers. A major factor in the estimate was that there would be only 40 jobs in the mine for unskilled manual laborers who would be hired locally, and that most of the workers would have to be recruited elsewhere in order to obtain the proper skills. A demographic survey conducted for the Project (February 1994) concluded that the population of the two villages had already risen by some 225 persons, or 39 percent, from the 579 registered by the government census in 1990, to 804 persons. This reflected migration to the area associated with existing operation of the gold mine and smelter. The EA made no estimate of how much indirect employment might be generated, but it indicated that there would be strong demand from the operation and its employees for foodstuffs and other provisions, which would be a source of new employment and income for the villages. Subsequent to the 1994 EA, the sponsors of the Sadiola Hill Gold Mine Project determined that additional deposits could be exploited, necessitating expansion of the original project. This expansion would require relocating two villages-Sadiola and Farabakouta-whose original (pre-project) populations numbered approximately 800 persons, as noted above. Under World Bank directives covering involuntary resettlements, a detailed updating of the social and economic situation was conducted, which revealed that by the peak of construction work on the mine expansion (November 1996), the population of the immediate project area had increased by approximately 3,200 to a total of 4,000 (an increase of 400%). Of these, approximately 2,800 were non-local unskilled workers brought in from elsewhere in Mali as well as from neighboring countries by the Project's construction contractors. Some of these non-local workers brought dependents, which numbered approximately 300 wives and children. The other 100 newcomers were relatives of local residents who rejoined their households in the local villages in hopes of finding work on the Project. (INR, 1998)3 It is significant that the data from the surveys of villages indicate there were relatively few indigent migrants amongst the newcomers. Most of the male migrants were contract workers hired at the mine contractors' headquarters elsewhere in Mali and then transported to the Project area where they set up huts and lean-to shelters. Many of the women dependents opened food shops and other small businesses to serve the Project's workforce. After completion of construction in late 1996, most of the newcomers departed, but approximately 800 were remaining in the area (as of June 1998), having become eligible for relocation assistance. (INR, 1998) RDP Appendix H English H5 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI-APPENDIX H CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN One other EA, the Mozambique Mozal Aluminum Smelter Project EA, made a quantified estimate of migration, in terms of indirect employment generation, and projected a ratio of 2.5 indirect workers per direct project job. This projection was based on an estimated employment multiplier effect of 2.5:1 in a setting where the indigenous population is largely in subsistence agriculture, and therefore virtually all the construction and operational personnel would have to brought in from other parts of Mozambique and abroad. Mitigation would involve construction of large amounts of group housing and support infrastructure. The EA estimated peak direct construction employment of 5,300 men and estimated that another 13,000 short-term indirect jobs would be generated as a result of development of the smelter, port and supporting infrastructure. This would extend over a period of 33 months. Operations employment would total about 800, so there would be a very large outflow of workers upon completion of construction. The EA did not make an estimate of the long-term, operations phase, level of secondary employment. Nor was any estimate made of numbers of dependents that might accompany the short-term workers. However, in view of the remoteness of the site and the lack of community infrastructure, it is unlikely that families would accompany these workers. None of the other EAs attempted to estimate the magnitude of induced migration. They generally commented that influxes of workers could cause socioeconomic problems, but that the impacts would be manageable and would be outweighed by the economic benefits of the Projects. More serious concerns were the potential problems of displacement, compensation and resettlement, which generally received more detailed analysis and mitigation planning. 3.3 Empirically-Based Data Esso Chad has had a consulting rural sociologist performing field studies in the oil field area over the past several years. Dr. Ellen P. Brown has over 30 years' experience in Chad and Sub-Saharan Africa, and she was retained to investigate the dynamics of the Project region's inhabitants and to assist in formulation of mitigating measures for socioeconomic impacts. As part of her work, Dr. Brown has studied the demographic impacts of the oil exploration programs that have been conducted in the Project region, with particular focus on the most recent "3-D" seismic survey that was undertaken there during 1995-96 by Western Geophysical. Dr. Brown found that the populations of squatter encampments, or shantytowns, that sprang up in the vicinity of the survey's work camps totaled about 300 men, of whom 120 had jobs with Western Geophysical. Thus the ratio of non-employed men to project employees was 180/120, or 1.5:1. These data were based on direct observation and interviews with local residents and officials and project personnel. (Further information is provided in Attachment I to this document). 3Data developed from Resettlement Action Plan, Sadiola and Farabakouta Villages, Sadiola Hill Gold Mine, Mali. Volume 1, Main Report (May 1998) and Summary and Addendum (June 1998). Prepared by RDP Appendix H English H6 May 1999 ENVRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I - APPENDIX H CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN For the 1995-96 geophysical survey (which ran from September 1995 through July 1996), Western Geophysical set up consecutive camps at Mbikou (1), Miandoum (3), and Kom6 (2), primarily to house the expatriate staff. A few Chadian employees stayed in the camps, but the majority of project employees set up huts and shelters next to the camps in order to be close to the work (which was full-time). Some personnel lived in nearby villages with relatives or friends, but the majority settled in temporary shelters in the shantytowns. The Chadian personnel were hired on the basis of lists of qualified workers prepared by the local chiefs. The hiring extended over a two- to three-week period. The chiefs advised non-resident job seekers that local residents had first preference for job openings, but many nonetheless squatted for shorter or longer periods of time (a few days to several weeks) in the hope of finding casual labor. Four types of Chadians sought work on the 3-D survey: * Skilled equipment operators, many of whom had worked on earlier exploration surveys, some coming from as far as N'Djamena, Moundou and Sarh; those who were hired built shacks at the work camps for the duration of the survey; none brought dependents. * Local farmers, typically coming from upwards of a day's walk from a camp and unaware that hiring was through Chefs de Canton; most stayed in the vicinity (with minimal shelter) for varying lengths of time (typically up to two weeks) in hopes of finding day labor work and then returned to their home villages. * Young bachelor farmers from other parts of Chad with only small fields of their own to tend or who only helped on their families' farms; many stayed in the Project area even into the rainy season hoping for casual work, having no better opportunities back home. * Students from local families and from more distant places (as far as Koumra and Moundou); some local students got jobs doing topographic work where literacy and working with numbers was necessary. The bulk of the itinerant migrants left the work camp areas after hiring was completed, which typically extended over a 2-3 week period. The seismic exploration operation in the area lasted approximately ten months. Dr. Brown reported that most workers did not bring their families from home, and that essentially all departed by the end of the dry season. 3.4 Data derived from the 1993 National Census of Chad The National Census of Chad provides two sets of data that may be utilized to estimate likely levels of migration to the Project area as a result of project development. the Institute of Natural Resources, University of Natal, South Africa. RDP Appendix H English H7 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I-APPENDIX H CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 3.4.1 Data on historic levels of migration within Chad The National Census data show that migration within Chad is not a new phenomenon, but is established practice. Migrants comprise 19.9% of the total population of Chad. In other words, about 1,138,000 Chadians have migrated outside of the sub-prefecture in which they were born on at least one occasion (General Population Census, Volume l1l, Part 4, page 15). This base of experience of migration in Chad can be used in projecting likely levels of migration that will result from the implementation of the Chad Export Project. 3.4.2 Data on migration within Chad to industrialized urban areas The National Census data includes information on migration to urban areas within southern Chad that are relatively heavily industrialized. The levels of population increase for these towns can be used to project the likely levels of increase in the population of the urban areas that will be most likely directly impacted by the development of the Chad Export Project (the towns of Bebedjia and Doba). 3.5 Projected Influx During the Oil field Development Phase 3.5.1 Projected influx based on empirically-derived data Based on the data and reports referenced earlier and acknowledging a lack of available quantitative data, a probable level of induced migration of itinerants would lie within a range of between 1.5 and 3.0 per direct job on the Project. This represents a range of between 3,000 and 6,000 itinerants migrating to the oil field development area (OFDA), over and above the 1,800 to 1,900 non-local direct hires and petty entrepreneurs and dependents that would be relocating to the Project area towns and villages. This would yield a total increase in the Project area's population at the peak of construction activity of between 4,850 and 7,850. 3.5.2 Projected influx based on National Census data regarding historic levels of migration in Chad The National Census data indicate that, on average, each economically independent person is responsible for 1.5 economic dependents (Republic of Chad, Tome 9, page 61). (Economically dependent persons include unemployed persons seeking work, family care-givers, students, and economically inactive persons such as the disabled, the elderly, and children under six years of age). For a Chadian workforce of 2000 direct Project employees, this suggests that there will be 3,000 economically dependent persons. RDP Appendix H English H8 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I - APPENDIX H CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN If it is assumed that each of the economically dependent persons associated with the Project workers migrates to the Project area, it must also be assumed that some of these persons would be accompanied by family members. A range of numbers of the dependents bringing families of between one half and two thirds is assumed, so that between 1,500 and 2,000 of the economic dependents would bring families to the Project area. The National Census further indicates that an average family comprises five individuals (Republic of Chad, Tome 9, page 12), and the analysis therefore shows that between 6,000 and 8,000 family members will accompany the economically dependent individuals. Based on this analysis, the total number of persons considered to be migrants to the Project area would be between 13,200 and 16,133, made up of: 1,400 non-local Chadian direct employees of the Project; 2,800 to 3,733 family members of direct employees (assuming that between half and two thirds of direct employees are accompanied by their families); 3,000 economically dependent persons (based on a multiplier of 1.5 times the total Chadian workforce of 2,000); and 6,000 to 8,000 family members of the economically dependent persons. 3.5.3 Projected influx based on historical data on migration in Chad associated with industrial development As part of the National Census, residents of major urban centres (including Moundou and Sarh, which are relatively close to the Project area) were asked their birthplace. The data indicate that 44.5% of the current residents of Moundou and 49.5% of the current residents of Sarh were born elsewhere (Republic of Chad, Tome 4, page 62). The objective of the migrants is to seek improved personal circumstances, and if this aspiration is met, the migration becomes permanent. Based upon the ratio of the non-local population and those born in the towns of southwestern Chad, and observations of members of the CTNSC, the levels of migrant populations in Moundou and Sarh can be used to estimate the likely levels of migration to the urban areas affected by the Project, namely Bebedjia and Doba. The combined population of Bebedjia and Doba (as recorded in the 1993 National Census) is 27,768. Factoring this number by the proportions of migrants in Moundou and Sarh (44.5% and 49.5%, respectively) suggests a migrant population increase of between 12,357 and 13,745 persons. RDP Appendix H English H9 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I - APPENDIX H CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 3.5.4 Likely range of the Projected influx during the oil field development phase The three analyses provide a range of numbers of migrants to the Project area. The lower end of the range (4,860 persons) reflects the experience of the Project in the recent past with actual oilfield-related migration to the Project area, while the upper end of the scale (16,133 persons) is based on interpretation of the results of the 1993 Chad National Census. For the purpose of this Appendix, a range of between 5,000 and 16,000 individuals is assumed. 3.6 Significance of Projected Levels of Induced Migration To put the projected influx of migrants to the oil field area into perspective, it is useful to have some data on the population of the Project region. The three cantons containing the OFDA had a population of about 28,100 in 1993:4 Kom6 10,400 Bero - 6,300 Miandoum - 11,.400 Total - 28,100 All of these cantons are in the Sub-Prefect of B6b6djia, whose total population in 1993 was 68,459. Within the Sub-Prefecture, the urban population of B6b6djia town (which lies about 10 kilometers north of the OFDA's northern boundary) was 9291, and the remaining -1,100 were scattered among the three OFDA cantons in such villages as Kome, Bolobo and Miandoum. The remaining -59,100 population of the Sub-Prefecture were classified as rural sedentary and pastoralist inhabitants. B6b6djia Sub-Prefecture is part of the Prefecture of Logone Oriental (1993 population = 440,342), whose capital is the town of Doba (1993 population = 18,477). Doba, which lies about 5-km northeast of the OFDA boundary, is the principal urban center in the Project region. It and the town of B6bedjia are both about 20-km from the center of the OFDA.5 To summarize, the population that would be most directly affected by the oil field development activities would be the residents of Doba and Bebedjia towns and the inhabitants of the villages and rural areas in the three OFDA cantons, totaling approximately 54,000 people in 1993. Excluding the 1,000 expatriates who would be housed in the oil field base camp, the lower range estimate of approximately 5,000 non-local migrants would represent an increment of about nine percent to the above population. Using the worst case migration scenario of 16,000 4 Data from Chad Project EA, Tables 6.2-2 and 6.3-3 (latest estimates). RDP Appendix H English H1O May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I- APPENDIX H CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN itinerant migrants, the additional population would equal 29 percent. Dr. Brown estimates that most of the migrants would gravitate to the towns of Doba and Bebedjia, and would split about evenly between the two towns. Migrants preferring Doba town would most likely be skilled and semi-skilled workers from N'Djamena, Moundou and from Sarh and other parts of Chad who would be seeking the greater amenities and security of the larger community. Doba, as a larger market, would likely attract the "higher-end" business enterprises, such as bars, restaurants, tailors and hardware vendors. Religious/ethnic factors may also influence where migrants settle. Muslim northerners would prefer not to settle outside large towns, but to congregate among the Muslim community in Doba.5 Nevertheless, the principal determinants of where a migrant will settle are expected to be economic considerations. B6b6djia town and the villages of the Project area cantons would probably attract more of the jobless migrants and the "lower end" petty trade activities catering to low income individuals. The itinerants likely would prefer the Bebedjia area because: (a) they would be closer to the Project area and perceived opportunities either for jobs on the Project or casual work on farms whose owners have gotten jobs on the Project; (b) for the migrants having family links to households in the Project area (students in particular), a greater chance of being able to take advantage of the relatives' obligation to take in and care for their kin; and (c) Bebedjia has a rough, inner-city atmosphere that would be more congenial to unemployed indigents with little to do but loiter around from day to day (Brown 1998). Thus the three Project area cantons and B:bedjia town would probably experience greater impacts from squatters and itinerant workers. Assuming a 50/50 split of the in-migrating population, an additional 2,500 people in Doba town (assuming the lower bound induced migration number of 5,000) would represent an increment of about 13 percent in that town's population. If all the other 2,500 settled in Bebedjia town, the growth in that town's population would be on the order of 27 percent. Some of the migrants to Bebedjia Sub-Prefecture might also choose to camp on the outskirts of the principal towns of the three cantons (whose populations were around 300-400 in 1993). If the worst case number for induced migration of 16,000 is postulated, there would be around 8,000 newcomers settling in Doba and another 8,000 in B6bedjia, resulting in a 44 percent increase in Doba's population and somewhat less than a doubling in that of Beb6djia (86%). Earlier the concept was presented of treating the jobless itinerant migrants as the numerator of a migrant to direct worker ratio rather than the total number of in-migrating persons, because it is the itinerants that would be the primary source of social and economic problems arising from the Project. There will be pressures on local resources to supply the needs of relocating jobholders and entrepreneurs for housing, foodstuffs and other necessities, but since they can pay for these goods and services, the local suppliers will not have to impoverish themselves to 5 Chad Project EA, Figure 6.2-1. RDP Appendix H English Hil May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I - APPENDIX H CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN provide them, as would be the case for households obliged to take in itinerant relatives. The local spending from payroll earnings by Project construction employees and from traders' and other enterprises' profits will be a major stimulus to the local economy--indeed such consumption spending and associated investments to increase capacity to serve the expanded market will be one of the significant benefits of the proposed action.7 It is the itinerant and indigent migrants who would be the primary burden because the residents and institutions of the rural areas have little surplus to share. Focusing on the jobless and itinerant component of the Projected in-migration, the analysis of the empirically-based data indicates that the approximately 2,000 oil field construction jobs to be held by Chadians would stimulate an influx of a minimum of 3,000 itinerants--students, marginal farmers, ex-soldiers, and the like. It is estimated that the majority of these--two-thirds--would head for the Bebedjia area, probably most to Bebedjia town but some also to villages in the three OFDA cantons. If the populations of Bebedjia and Doba towns are expanded to include the non-local jobholders and gainfully occupied entrepreneurs and their dependents (as was calculated earlier), then the populations of Doba and B6bedjia towns would each be approximately 900-950 persons larger. Two thousand itinerant migrants would increase the urban population of Beb6djia Sub-Prefecture by about 22 percent. If all the other 1,000 itinerants descended on Doba town, its (adjusted) population would be increased by about five percent. Based on the foregoing scenario, the B6b6djia area would experience the more significant indirect socioeconomic impacts from an influx of itinerant migrants induced by the Project. The increase in the town's population would be very significant, particularly in view of the existing low level of incomes in the area and scarcity of economic resources to deal with a rapid expansion of demand for shelter, food and infrastructure. Doba town would be relatively less impacted, due to its greater size, although it too could experience some localized impacts if the itinerants concentrated themselves in one place in or adjacent to the town. Dealing with the influx to B6b6djia would need advance planning and substantial outside material and logistical assistance coupled with a strong program of information (to discourage itinerants) and security (to control illegal activities as well as discourage itinerants). But the magnitude of the induced migration impacts would be manageable. 6 The Muslim community engages in charitable activities to help their group's families in need. This would reduce the economic burden on Doba from Muslim immigrants. (Brown 1998) 7Some inflation of local prices is anticipated to arise from workers' consumption expenditures and project procurements (see Chad Export Project Environmental Assessment Section 7.2.3), but this can be mitigated to less than significance through implementation of local market stabilization policies (see EA Section 8.2.3). Bebedjia already has shown signs of adapting to the expanded Esso presence through households doubling up and renting out space, opening new restaurants as well as a new hardware store, and establishing a new private school (the "Franco-English School - Year 2000"). (Brown 1998) RDP Appendix H English H12 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I- APPENDIX H CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN Field experience has demonstrated that the influx is primarily a dry season phenomenon, when there is little work for farmers on their home plots, and that the majority of the migrants return to their homes within a few weeks after failing to secure work on the Project or as casual laborers for local farmers and businesses. What is likely is that over the 2.5 year OFDA construction phase there will be successive but diminishing influxes of itinerant migrants, commencing in the dry season of each year, with the numbers peaking in a few weeks and then tailing off as the unsuccessful job-seekers get discouraged and depart for hopefully better opportunities elsewhere. 4.0 ASSESSMENT OF MITIGATION MEASURES This section reviews the mitigation measures for dealing with induced migration presented in the Chad EA and EMP, assesses them in the light of the more specific estimates developed above of what is likely to occur, and develops some suggested modifications to more precisely address site-specific issues. 4.1 Overview of the Induced Migration Mitigation Issue The socioeconomic mitigation strategy rests on the principles of: (a) understanding the forces acting on people's behavior; (b) ensuring efficiency and fairness in hiring personnel and contracting with local vendors; (c) achieving effective administration of financial support and technical assistance programs; and (d) acting in a timely and decisive fashion to deal with problems before they get out of control. Mitigation for the Project is based on a sharing of responsibilities between EEPCI, TOTCO, and the Government of Chad to minimize the disturbances of Project activities to the local populace while maximizing the benefits flowing from development of the area's petroleum reserves. Mitigation of socioeconomic impacts from resource development projects requires putting procedures and systems in place for carrying out compensatory and other mitigating measures to avoid having development impacts overtake and overwhelm efforts to control them. Sub-section 8.2.7 of the Chad EA8 (Mitigating Measures and Monitoring) addressed the issue of migration of people to the Project area. The issue was characterized as an increase in demand for existing social infrastructure and resources (e.g., housing, land), and it was categorized as significant but mitigable. Based on the 3-D seismic survey project experience in 1995-96 and earlier exploration projects, the influx of itinerant migrants occurred despite hiring being limited to pre-qualified workers. Accordingly, some migration of itinerant job seekers and opportunistic camp-follower types is likely to occur with construction of the oil field development area and pipeline in Chad. Even with the public information and monitoring program, this could range 8 The Chad EA can be found in the "Reference Documents" part of the Project's environmental documentation. RDP Appendix H English H13 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I - APPENDIX H CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN upwards from 3,000 persons (in the first year dry season). It is further estimated that among the itinerant migrants approximately two-thirds would migrate to the Bebedjia area while the remainder would migrate to the Doba area. 4.2 Mitigation Responsibilities The mitigation strategy for induced migration calls for EEPCI and TOTCO to directly control demand for jobs by discouraging expectations that jobs will be available to any and all that may apply. Esso has and will continue its public information campaign to publicize the kinds of job opportunities that will be available, but cautioning that no hiring will be done at work sites, and that only pre-qualified and authorized persons will be eligible for hiring. A monitoring program will be conducted to assess the effectiveness of the public information campaign, and signs will be posted at work sites and recruitment offices to inform job seekers of the hiring rules.9 Particular commitments of EEPCI and TOTCO are: - To work with local authorities and the Republic of Chad to discourage migration to the Project area by: - widely communicating job availability and Project hiring practices; and - hiring Project workers only at designated recruitment centres - To work with local authorities and the Republic of Chad to minimize the risks of ethnic conflicts in the Project area. Furthermore, EEPCI and TOTCO will provide cross-cultural training to Project workers. To deal with the Project's indirect social impacts the strategy looks to the Government to alleviate pressures from induced immigration to the Project area through provision of economic and social assistance to affected communities. The government would undertake programs to promote reduction of poverty and acceleration of economic development nationwide, as well as assisting communities in the Project area to cope with the indirect impacts of Project-induced population growth.10 As summarized in Volume 1 of the EMP (Chapter 2 Table - Socioeconomic Topics, pp. 1-6), the topic of migration to the Project area identifies a number of Government responsibilities during the construction and operations phases. Besides assisting EEPCI's and TOTCO's public information and monitoring activities, the Government is specifically charged with developing appropriate policies to mitigate secondary impacts (e.g., inflation, overloading of civil infrastructure) and making necessary infrastructure improvements and/or provide assistance to 9 Thus far, the Government's publicity activities regarding jobs on the Project have been limited to the press, which has not had broad receptivity in the region. Dr. Brown recommends that a program of radio announcements and dramatizations be initiated targeting potential job applicants so that they may be better informed about the restrictions on hiring and the hardships of squatting in shantytowns. (Brown, 1998) RDP Appendix H English H14 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTPLAN PARTI-APPENDIXH CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN minimize adverse impacts generated by an influx of job seekers and squatters. Such assistance during the construction phase could include encouraging villages eligible for impact compensation to undertake actions that would provide for the overall well being of the community, such as improved education and health services. (op. cit., p. 3) 4.3 Mitigation Implementation Considerations There are two fundamental issues confronting implementation of indirect social impacts mitigation: how to structure the measures so as not to create greater problems than those being mitigated, and how to pay for them. Taking the latter point first, funding of government- sponsored mitigation programs for community development is not explicitly addressed in the EMP other than administrative expenses for the National Technical Committee for Environmental Monitoring (CTNSC), which has oversight responsibility for monitoring the biophysical, socioeconomic and health impacts of petroleum projects (see Volume I Chapter 4). Until the Government begins to receive royalties, taxes and profits from oil production and transportation operations, it would need bilateral or multilateral donor financial assistance to cover its program costs. Time is of the essence for developing plans and proposals for funding of mitigation programs, and the Government has already begun preparing applications for such assistance from World Bank agencies. In view of the possible number of migrants to the OFDA, the Government should also augment the measures noted above by planning for local area public works programs in the Bebedjia and Doba areas. The Government's mitigation strategy should involve creating additional employment opportunities in the Project area designed specifically to absorb dry season migrants. Using induced migrants to mitigate their own problem would in effect create a self- mitigating action." They would be engaged in activities that, in the course of alleviating problems associated with their influx, would increase the economic viability of the area. Critical areas include temporary and permanent housing, water supply, sanitation and solid waste disposal, and roads. Regarding the social impacts mitigating measures, they should not become in themselves attractions to jobless migrants. It would be unfortunate for residents of the oil field development area to perceive that programs and facilities to deal with an influx of itinerant job seekers in fact conferred greater benefits on the migrants than the locals. The primary objective of a strategy 10 As noted in the Chad EA, Sub-section 7.2.2.4, the Government will be responsible for controlling the development of unplanned sefflements in the vicinity of project camps and facilities (p. 7-11). " The IDS report by Leach et al (1996), Poverty and the Environment in Developing Countries: An Overview Study, notes among its recommendations for reducing poverty that "in poorly serviced urban squatter settlements, employment creation could take the form of interventions in low-cost service provision and upgrading, in waste and sewage disposal, water supply, etc." (op. cit., p. 6-6). Other areas of opportunity for employing migrant workers would be in constructing transient housing and rehabilitating roads. RDP Appendix H English H15 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I - APPENDIX H CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN to mitigate induced migration is to discourage it. It is recognized that the Chadian Constitution guarantees all citizens the right to work, live, and move freely throughout the country,12 so job- seekers cannot be forbidden to search for opportunities to work. At the same time, however, citizens have the obligation to respect the liberties and rights of others, to maintain law and order, and to uphold acceptable standards of behavior (Title II, Article 27), to which end the Government is responsible for protecting these rights. Accordingly, the Government has the obligation to balance the rights of the unemployed to search for work with the rights of households to protect their property and the welfare of their families. The solution to the problem is a combination of actions: (1) dissemination of public information to advise people throughout the country that there will be strict limitations on Project hiring and that anti-vagrancy measures will be taken in accordance with existing applicable law, and (2) implementation of donor agency-funded community sites and services improvement programs to absorb surplus working age persons. In addition, coordination of all developmental activities in the area (including those undertaken by NGOs and international aid agencies) would be highly desirable. Specific recommendations for improvements are outlined below. 4.4 Facilities and Improvements needed in OFDA Communities to deal with Migrants Following are a number of specific recommendations for mitigation measures to be taken in the OFDA communities. The recommendations are based on observation of existing conditions and problems in Beb6djia, Doba and surrounding cantons that would be exacerbated by an influx of unemployed itinerants. 4.4.1 B6b6djia * New marketplace with water well, wash basins and public toilets on edge of town (not on main road).13 Present location attracts food stands, etc., encroaching on highway, causing traffic congestion and injuries to pedestrians. * Garbage and refuse collection (by itinerants recruited by the municipalities). * Water tower (with solar-powered pumping) and public fountains with wash basins and latrines at various locations around town. * Potable water vending kiosks (with itinerants recruited to deliver to households). * Town government needs to administer tax on vendors, to generate funds for market place cleaning and maintenance. 12 Title 11, Articles 32, 43 and 44. 13 The N'Djamena-based firm Arc en Terre constructed a new marketplace and public toilets in the town of Abeche. RDP Appendix H English H16 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTPLAN PART I - APPENDIX H CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 4.4.2 Doba * Infrastructure improvements needed at the marketplace and truck park at the edge of town (site of 1988 agricultural fair); need water well, wash basins and latrines to serve peripheral businesses and squatters. * Town government needs to administer tax on vendors, to generate funds for market place cleaning and maintenance. 4.4.3 Bebedjia, Doba and Environs * Administration of land transfers needs to be forthright and documented. Canton and village governments need to document surveying, recording and adjudication of parcel sales and rentals to eliminate misuse (including plots being sold/rented more than once with sellers/landlords evicting new owners/tenants in favor of higher offers). "Traditional" land transactions (covering land without "titre foncier or "gr6 a gre") need to have standard guidelines adopted for local courts to adjudicate disputes. * Municipal govemments and/or private enterprises could construct simple 1-room row houses near high schools in Doba and B6b6djia with adjacent bath/wash house with latrines for temporary use by migrants. * Municipal governments should designate areas for squatter shantytowns and install basic water supply and sanitary facilities (see also NGO activities below). Migrants would construct their own housing (if the municipalities did, it might engender resentment from locals with inferior facilities), but right to occupy would terminate at end of OFDA construction phase. Squatters could apply to convert house sites to legal land title, or municipal governments could take land back under a Decree of Public Utility (i.e., eminent domain) and resell it. 4.4.4 General - Other Projects and Programs to Mitigate Indirect Impacts of Migration * Complementary CTNSC Projects and Programs-The Government has proposed a variety of improvements to community facilities and services in the Project area in anticipation of Project-induced population growth. Many are complementary to the foregoing recommendations: 1) Environmental management project in the oilfield area. 2) Expansion of the capacity of the Doba Hospital, in particular the analytical laboratory. 3) Education project in the region. 4) Village water supply systems in the Project area. 5) Preliminary study for preparation of urban development and drainage plans in the large urban centers of Doba-B6bedjia-Koumra-Moundou-Mbaibokoum and Gore. RDP Appendix H English H17 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I-APPENDIX H CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 6) Improvement and extension of all-season roads to provide access throughout the region. 7) Project to provide assistance in food crop production in the region. 8) Project to facilitate the supply of meat products in the region through creation of abattoirs in Doba and Bebedjia and a livestock market. 9) Extension of the communication system in Doba to the rest of the region. 10) Use of the Kome airstrip for regional air service. 11) Creation of a small banking facility for safe deposit of peoples' earnings. 12) Institution of security measures including strengthening of police and gendarmerie forces to ensure the safety of people and their property, and to provide security along the pipeline route to the Cameroon border through provision of motor vehicles and other equipment. 13) Institutional strengthening for CTNSC and the Government to oversee the Project. 14) Assistance from the World Bank in preparing new environmental decrees.'4 * NGO Activities - NGOs could facilitate development of sanitation infrastructure by forming and training teams of unemployed migrants to construct wash houses and latrines. The NGOs would need technical assistance and advance funding to organize the training and equipping of teams. NGOs could also carry out labor-intensive road projects being a particularly attractive means of absorbing unskilled labor. Dr. Brown cites the example of "digues", or wood and dirt causeways through swampy areas and across streams, which open up areas in the Project region that are otherwise cut off during much of the year. Esso and the Government could share support for such activities under their respective mitigation responsibilities--Esso in connection with restoration of areas where exploration activities were conducted, by designing the digues and providing culverts, and the Government recruiting unemployed migrants and passing through funding support. * ONAPE (Environment Labor Office) --The Government needs, as part of its mitigation responsibilities, to open more ONAPE offices in towns other than Doba to publicize its Project hiring information and rules. By opening offices in such places as Moundou, Koumra, Sarh, Lai, etc., (which could be staffed on a rotating basis rather than full time), the process of pre-qualifying workers would be more efficient and locals with inadequate qualifications would learn that going to Doba on the chance of finding jobs on the Project would be a waste of time and expense. 14 Source: Chadian Ministry of Environment and Water, 1998. RDP Appendix H English H18 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI-APPENDIXH CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN REFERENCES AND SOURCES Brown, 1998. Personal communications with Dr. Ellen P. Brown, consulting rural sociologist, during April-June 1998. Dr. Brown was on duty at Esso's Kom6 Base Camp, Chad, for most of this period conducting research on the social impacts of oilfield development activities. Chad Export Project: Environmental Management Plan - Chad Portion: Volume 1. Cheaver, et al. 1994. Reversing the Spiral: The Population, Agricultural and Environment Nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa, Directions in Development Series, Washington D.C.: World Bank, Summarized in Findings No. 28, World Bank Africa Region, December 1994. Dames & Moore, 1997. Environmental Assessment, Chad Export Project, Chad Portion. Esso Exploration and Production Chad Inc., Houston, October 1997. Leach, Melissa and Robin Mearns, 1991. Poverty and the Environment in Developing Countries: An Overview Study, Institute for Development Studies, UK. World Bank, 1996. 'Taking Action for Poverty Reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa,". World Bank Report No. 15575-AFR, May 1996. Summarized in Findings No. 73, "Poverty in Sub- Saharan Africa: Issues and Recommendations." World Bank Africa Region, October 1996. World Bank/Intemational Finance Corporation Environmental Assessment Reports: - Congo - Elf Congo N'Kossa Oil Field Project (IFC EA No. 4073, March 1994): offshore oil and LNG production and floating export facility (main text in French; Executive Summary in English). • Cote d'ivoire - Cl-il Oil & Gas Development Project (IFC EA No. 4975, August 1994): offshore oil and gas collection facility and pipelines to onshore refining and treatment facilities. * Cote d'lvoire - Foxtrot Gas Development Project (IFC EA No. 8466, March 1998): offshore gas collection facility and pipelines to onshore markets. * Egypt - Qarun Oilfield Complex and Pipeline Project (IFC EA No. 5127, May 1995): oil collection facility in the Western Desert and pipeline to Cairo area refinery. * Mali - Sadiola Hill Gold Project (IFC EA No. 4360, September 1994): expansion of gold mine and smelting/refining facilities. * Mali - Sadiola Hill Gold Project Resettlement Action Plan (May/June 1998): further expansion of gold mine and smelting/refining facilities. * Mozambique - Mozal Aluminium Smelter Project (IFC EA No. 7764, November 1995): US$ 1.3 billion aluminum smelter and port facility development project. * Uganda - Kasese Cobalt Company Project (IFC EA No. 4895, November 1995): rehabilitation and expansion of cobalt processing operation on old copper mine tailings and development of hydroelectric power station. RDP Appendix H English H19 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I-APPENDIX H CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN R6publique du Tchad - Recensement g6neral de la population et de l'habitat: * Volume ll, tome 2, Etat de la population -juillet 1995 * Volume ll, tome 4, Migrations et urbanisation - mars 1995 * Volume l1l, tome 7, Population active - octobre 1995 * Volume IIl, tome 9, Menages et habitations - mars 1995 RDP Appendix H English H20 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I - APPENDIX H CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN ATTACHMENT I This Attachement provides further details of the discussion on empirically-based data that is given in Section 3.3. Based on Dr. Brown's analysis of oil field and pipeline construction manning requirements (in Chad) and the experience of Esso and its contractors in the Doba area, a minimum ratio for the Chadian portion of the Project would be on the order of 1.5 induced itinerant migrants per direct job. The influx of Chadian outsiders during the construction phase (including direct Project workers as well as indirect support business employees and hopeful job seekers) would probably total 4,800-4,900 persons (excluding 1,000 expatriates who all would live in the work camp). But there are important qualifiers to factor into the analysis, as is discussed below. Based on a maximum direct construction force of 2,000 Chadians, the 4,800-4,900 total number of Chadian outsiders (after rounding) would consist of at least 3,000 itinerant, job-seeking farmers, students, etc. (based on the 3-D project experience of 1.5 itinerant job seekers per direct job), plus 900-950 outsiders having direct Oil field Development Area jobs,15 and another 900-950 non-local petty traders and artisans and their employees/dependents relocating to the Project area to set up enterprises of various sorts.'6 As noted earlier, an important distinction needs to be made between relocated holders of Project jobs and migrating entrepreneurs, on the one hand, and itinerant job seekers, on the other, in assessing their impact on the people of Doba, B6bedjia, and adjacent villages in the oil field area. The jobholders and entrepreneurs (and their dependents) will not be a direct burden on residents because they have the resources to rent or purchase dwellings and purchase food 15 The 900-950 non-local Chadians holding jobs on the Project was calculated assuming that 1,400 of the 2,000 direct Chadian jobs would be in the Oil field Development Area with the remainder in mobile work camps along the pipeline right-of-way. It was further estimated that one-third of the 1,400 OFDA workers would be unskilled hires from the immediate vicinity, while the balance (1,400 x 0.667 = 938) were assumed to be equipment operators and other skilled Chadians hired from other regions (e.g., N'Djamena, Moundou and Sarh), many of whom would have worked for Western Geophysical and other exploration contractors. Based on earlier experience, few of the non-locals are expected to bring their families. The remaining 600 pipeline jobs would not count towards the oil field development area headcount because they would be located at mobile work camps along the right-of-way. These workers would not have dependents, and the periodic relocation of the work camps would discourage itinerant migrant workers. 16 The 900-950 non-local petty traders, artisans and dependents were estimated on the basis of previous expansions of small and medium enterprises in the Doba and Bebedjia areas as oil exploration activities have fluctuated. Dr. Brown estimated that the number of such enterprises currently in the two towns that have sprung up because of oil-related economic growth is around 200. The number of persons involved in such enterprises typically ranges from four to seven, including the owner's household and his employees. At a maximum the number of shops and small businesses might double during the construction phase, with an estimated one-third of them established by local residents. Entrepreneurs relocating from such locales as Moundou, Sarh and Koumra would set up the remaining two-thirds of the new enterprises (say 133). Assuming the upper end number of seven non-local persons per enterprise, that would generate a total of 931 newcomers. RDP Appendix H English H21 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTI-APPENDIXH CHAD PORrION - VOLUME 4 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN and other necessities of life.17 These employed newcomers would be a source of income and indirect employment for the communities and would contribute to the area's economic development. In contrast, the itinerant migrants would be a burden on the community. Typically they are students, unpaid teachers and civil servants, farmers and ex-soldiers who, if they are related to local households, probably would exploit the familial obligation of the host to feed and shelter them, even at the expense of the family's welfare. Or, if they cannot claim any family relationships, they typically set up squatter settlements and scavenge or resort to illegal activities to subsist. Students in particular are likely to comprise a significant portion of the job seekers because of the cultural expectation that even a limited education qualifies a student, who "deserves" a high-paying job (regardless of actual skills possessed). Many would try to be supported by relatives in Doba, B6bedjia, and local villages. These qualitative differences suggest that the ratio of migrants to direct Project jobs for the Chad oil field development phase be defined in terms of the number of itinerant migrants per direct job rather than the total number of migrants. It is primarily the jobless itinerants who generate the adverse socioeconomic impacts associated with large development projects. Mitigation measures need to be oriented to avoiding or abating the problems itinerant workers bring to a community, and these can take the form of treating both symptoms and causes of induced migration. These considerations suggest that the experience of the 3-D seismic survey with 1.5 itinerant migrants per direct job is a reasonable basis for projecting the minimum level of induced itinerant migration during the oil field development phase. 17 One component of the migrants would be prostitutes, who might be grouped among the petty businesses relocating to the Project with the wherewithal to purchase their lodging and subsistence requirements. RDP Appendix H English H22 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD PORTION VOLUME 4 Part 11 Revenue Management Plan May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART II CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REVENUE MANAGEMENT PLAN REPUBLIC OF CHAD Unity - Work - Progress PRESIDENCY OF THE REPUBLIC LAW No. 0011PR199 GOVERNING THE MANAGEMENT OF OIL REVENUES Considering the Constitution; During its December 30, 1998 session, the National Assembly has deliberated and adopted; The President of the Republic enacts the Law set out below: CHAPTER 1: GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 1: The objective of this Law is to define the modalities of management of oil revenues generated by the exploitation of the three (3) fields of KOME, MIANDOUM and BOLOBO. Article 2: Oil revenues shall consist of direct and indirect resources; Direct resources shall include dividends and royalties; Indirect resources shall include taxes, fees and customs duties related to oil exploitation. Article 3: The direct resources mentioned in the second paragraph of Article 2 shall be deposited into special accounts of an international financing institution opened in the name of the Republic of Chad and referred to as the offshore escrow accounts. They shall be distributed according to the following modalities: 90% shall be paid into special treasury accounts opened in one or two primary local banks; The 10% remainder shall be deposited in a Savings Account opened under the provisions of Article 9 of this Law. Article 4: Indirect resources, such as taxes, fees and customs duties shall be directly deposited into the Public Treasury account. Article 5: The various resources mentioned in Article 2 of this Law shall be entirely subscribed to the State General Budget. Article 6: The allocation of revenues shall be carried out in accordance with the standards defined in Chapter II of this Law. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part II 1 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART II CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REVENUE MANAGEMENT PLAN CHAPTER II: ALLOCATION OF REVENUES SECTION 1: PRIORITY SECTORS AND REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION Article 7: Direct resources shall be mainly allocated to priority sectors. Priority sectors are Public Health, Social Services, Education, Infrastructure, Rural Development (Agriculture and Livestock), Environment and Water. Article 8: Direct resources consisting of dividends and royalties, deposited into special accounts provided under paragraph 2 of Article 3 above, shall be allocated as follows: a) Eighty per cent (80%) are intended for expenses associated with priority sectors as mentioned in Paragraph 2 of Article 7; b) Fifteen per cent (15%) are intended for operating and investment costs of the State, for a five year period from the production date; (c) Five per cent (5%) of the royalties are intended for decentralized communities of the producing region, in accordance with the provisions of Article 212 of the Constitution; This amount may be modified by decree every five years depending on available resources, needs and absorption capacity of the region. The management of this fund and the modalities of control shall be in accordance with the applicable texts governing public accounting. SECTION 2: SAVINGS Article 9: The 10% remainder of the direct resources, royalties and dividends mentioned in Article 3 of this Law shall be deposited in a Savings Account opened in an international financing institution on behalf of future generations, in accordance with the rules of the Bank of the Central African States (BEAC). ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part It 2 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART II CHAD PORTION- VOLUME 4 REVENUE MANAGEMENT PLAN CHAPTER III: SYSTEMS DESIGNED FOR SPECIAL ACCOUNTS MANAGEMENT SECTION 1: OPERATION Article 10: The system designed for the management of special accounts shall comply with the budget requirements of the State, to-wit, compliance with approval, disbursement, monitoring and control of the State General Budget procedures. Article 11: Special accounts shall be deposited in one or two primary commercial local banks certified by COBAC. Funds are directly paid into those special accounts by the offshore escrow account provided in Article 3, paragraph 1 of this Law. SECTION 2: DISBURSEMENT STANDARDS Article 12: The funds deposited into special accounts for the funding of expenses in priority sectors are allocated in accordance with the public expenditures program prepared annually by the Government. The program shall come within a development framework over a period of three years and shall be used as a reference by Finance Law. The Govemment shall review this program annually. The expenses on oil revenues in priority sectors shall come in addition to the general budget of the financial year preceding the first oil revenues under [accrual accounting principles]. Article 13: The requests for disbursement initiated by the Director of the State General Budget shall be made in accordance with the procedures provided by the Finance Law and shall obtain express authorization from the Committee for the Control and Supervision of Oil Resources. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part II 3 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART II CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REVENUE MANAGEMENT PLAN CHAPTER IV: CONTROL AND MONITORING INSTITUTIONS Article 14: The control of the mobilization and use of oil revenues shall be carried out jointly or separately by the Financial Controller of Finance and Economy, the CCSRP, the General Accounting Office of the Supreme Court, and Parliament. SECTION 1: COMMITTEE FOR THE CONTROL AND SUPERVISION OF OIL RESOURCES (CCSRP) Article 15: A Committee for the Control and Supervision of Oil Resources (CCSRP) shall be set up. Article 16: The CCSRP shall be made up as follows: * A Judge, member of the Supreme Court; * A Deputy; * A Senator; * The National Director of the BEAC; * The Director of the Treasury; * The Director of Petroleum; * The Director of Planning and Development; * A representative of local NGOs; * A representative of Trade Unions. Article 17: The members of the CCSRP representing the Parliament, the Supreme Court, the national NGOs and the Trade Unions are appointed for a mission of three (3) years to be renewed once. Article 18: The duties of the CCSRP shall be as follows: a) Verify that the special accounts are in conformity with the Finance Law; b) Authorize and control the disbursement of special accounts and allocation of the funds. Article 19: A Decree shall define the operational and organizational modalities and the conditions of control and supervision implemented by the CCSRP. SECTION 2: OTHER CONTROL ORGANIZATIONS Article 20: Parliament shall control the allocation of the oil revenues by means of the adoption and monitoring of the State General Budget Execution. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part II 4 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTII CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REVENUE MANAGEMENT PLAN Article 21: The General Accounting Office of the Supreme Court has the legal control of State expenses by officially closing the accounts and controlling the provisions governing the sharing of resources between the State General Budget and the decentralized communities. The general Accounting Office also controls the provisions governing the creation of reserves or the investment abroad of excess resources. SECTION 3: MONITORING TERMS AND CONDITIONS Article 22: The monitoring of the mobilization, allocation and use of the oil revenues is ensured by periodic audits and reports submitted to the Government, especially: * Annual audits of special accounts and Savings Accounts for future generations; * Periodic management reports of Savings Accounts for future generations and Savings accounts for possible funding surplus; * Periodic reports of the CCSRP; * COBAC reports and audits on primary banks insuring the management of special accounts. These various reports and audits shall be published yearly by the Government. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part 11 5 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART II CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 REVENUE MANAGEMENT PLAN CHAPTER 5: FINAL PROVISIONS Article 23: This Law shall be registered, published in the Official Journal of the Republic and executed as Law of the State. Done in N'Djamena, January 11, 1999 IDRISS DEBY ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part II 6 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD PORTION VOLUME 4 Part III Institutional Capacity Building May 1999 Job Descriptions for Executive Secretariat Personnel ENVRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTIII CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING NATIONAL TECHNICAL COMMITTEE EXECUTIVE STAFF FOR THE MONITORING AND CONTROLING OIL PROJECTS IN CHAD PROJECT MANAGER SPECIFICATIONS Duties of the Project Manager The Project manager shall: - Manage the monitoring and control of the BP/SE/H issues of the Project and insure compliance with the laws and regulations in force; - Participate in the selection of personnel; - Supervise all personnel, coordinating and distributing tasks, giving recommendations on complex issues; - Make periodic visits on site to insure the good general quality of the environmental monitoring; - Determine Technical Assistance requirements, formulate them and establish the contracts required to complete these tasks; - Report to the CTNSC on the Project states and current problems through meetings, informal reports and written formal reports, as applicable; - Prepare information documents for the other Ministries, Institutions, and the Operator; - Be the liaison with the operator to settle questions that are raised and make corrective actions in case of non-conformity with the plans defined; - Ensure public information on CTNSC action; and - Generally, ensure all tasks necessary for the proper operation of the CTNSC. An internal regulation will specify the limit powers of the Project Manager authority, particularly at the level of recruitment contracts and expenditures decisions. Description of the Job of Project Leader Qualifications The Project Leader will manage the Project under the control of the CTNSC. He shall be an engineer in the management of natural resources and have at least ten years experience in project management (if possible, project finances with credits from the World Bank), including of environmental, social and health impact, industrial or infrastructure projects, in a tropical zone. Experience in the oil sector is desired. Skills The candidate shall be very familiar with Chad regulatory context and international standards on the environment in the broadest sense and in project monitoring procedures. He (she) shall speak fluent English and French. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part III 1 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART III CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPAC1TYBUILDING Requirements Job requirements are as follows: - A strong sense of organization and communication; - Skills in conflict management; - The ability to operate in different areas (Ministries, Industry, Site, etc.); and - A taste for team work. Availability He (she) must be immediately available if possible, or no later than three months after the date of the interview. Salary The monthly salary shall be dependent on the responsibilities of the position. Special conditions The job is based in N'Djamena in the offices of the CTNSC Executive Staff, but will involve frequent visits to the construction and operating sites. The job is open for two years to be renewed annually with a three month trial period. Company vehicle will be provided ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part III 2 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART II CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYBUILDING DEPUTY PROJECT LEADER - SUPERVISOR SPECIFICATIONS Duties of the Deputy Project Leader - Supervisor The Deputy Project Leader - Supervisor shall assist the Project Manager. In addition to this role of support to the Project Leader, the Deputy Project Leader - Supervisor shall: - Supervise the activities of the experts and personnel working on the construction sites, by distributing work, monitoring their work and the inspections made, and checking their reports; - Communicate the results of the inspections to the Executive Staff Headquarters by transmitting copies of the original reports, summary of the reports, or the formal periodic reports, as applicable; - Be a liaison with the Executive Staff Headquarters to handle problems that arise or any other question; - Request the occasional intervention of inspectors or specialists from the departments concerned or other organizations approved by the State, in order to conduct the inspections necessary; - Coordinate, as the local representative of the CTNSC, all the activities related to the socioeconomic, biophysical and health aspects among others: + Ask the competent authorities that laws and regulations are observed; + Act as liaison between the CTNSC and the local authorities and communities in their areas of competence; + Be a member of the commissions established to rule on complaints made; and + Coordinate his activity with the local organizations responsible for the areas related to the environment. Description of the Job of Deputy Project Leader - Supervisor Qualifications The Deputy Project Leader-Supervisor must be an engineer (in natural resource management, infrastructure, or industrial), with experience in project management (or as enterprise manager), including the management of environmental, social and health aspects of industrial or infrastructure projects, of at least ten years if possible, in a tropical zone. Skills The candidate must be very familiar with the Chad regulatory context and international standards with respect to the environment in the broadest sense, as well as project monitoring procedures. He or she must be fluent in French and English. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part III 3 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART III CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING Qualities required The qualities required for this job are: - Solid technical skills and a sense of procedures; - A strong sense of organization and communication; - Abilities in conflict management; - The ability to adapt in different situations (Ministries, Industry, Site, etc.); - A test for team work and extensive stays on the site; and - Very strong availability and mobility. Availability He (she) must be immediately available if possible or no later than three months after the date of the interview. Salary The monthly salary shall be dependent on the responsibilities of the position. Special conditions The job is based in Doba with numerous trips to the site and frequent visits to N'Djamena. The job is open for two years, renewable by year, with a trial period of three months. The job will have a service vehicle. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part III 4 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART III CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYBUILDING SUPPORT ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL POSITIONS (5 POSITIONS AT HEAD OFFICE) SPECIFICATIONS To perform its duties, the CTNSC shall have an Executive Staff. The CTNSC requirements in support administrative and technical personnel, based at the headquarters, is as follows: - One Secretary; - One Accountant; - One Technician for the documentation-reproduction office; - One Technician for the technical office; and - One Map Technician. Expertise required - The Secretary shall have experience in similar project work for at least five years, be computer literate (word processing) and speak fluent English. - The Accountant shall have experience in similar work in a project (preferably a World Bank project) for at least five years. Experience in an accounting firm is preferred. He shall be able to use spreadsheets and accounting software. - The Technician for the documentation-reproduction office shall have filing experience for at least five years and be able to quickly setup and organize a system and apply it to the CTNSC. He shall also be responsible for the reproduction office and experience in this area is required. - The Technician for the technical office shall have required experience in technical reports and maps in a consulting firm structure. He shall be able to monitor the production of all the technical reports produced by the Executive Staff. He will also be responsible for the technical office. - The Map Technician of the technical office shall be at least be familiar with a geographical information system and have performed similar work for at least three years, both in computer-assisted mapping and industrial drafting. He will support the on-site teams and the technician responsible for the technical office to prepare the maps and charts for the Executive Staff. Qualities required The requirements are: - A strong sense of organization and communication; and - To like teamwork. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part III 5 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART /i1 CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING Availability The candidates shall be available immediately if possible, or no later than three months after the date of the interview. Monthly salaries (gross) The monthly salaries for these positions shall be dependent on the responsibilities of each position. Special conditions The jobs are based at N'Djamena at the headquarters of the CTNSC. They may involve occasional travel to Doba. The jobs are open for one year, to be renewed annually, with a trial period of three months. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part III 6 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANA GEMENT PLAN PART II/ CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYBUILDING BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXPERTS (3 POSITIONS) SPECIFICATIONS Missions assigned to the Biophysical Environmental Expert The mission of the Expert in Biophysical Environment will be to perform the monitoring and control of the operations of the Project in the biophysical areas as described in the activities of the CTNSC grouped in the form of principal assignments in the two tables below: CTNSC Mission 2 - Monitoring-Control List of tasks Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task 6 Review the Verify the Verify Individual and Communicate Write periodic compliance (at implementation (afterward) the periodic to the operator reports on the the beginning) of these compliance of technical variances from state of the of the procedures the results with inspections the goals of the environment on environmental during the goals of the conducted by PGE and verify the plans and completion of PGE and the CTNSC or any the implemen- construction specifications the on-site technical structure of its tation of sites of the of the operator work. specifications. choice. corrective Project. and its measures by contractors operator. with the goals of the PGE. CTNSC Mission 3 - Prevention of accidents and catastrophes List of tasks Task 1 Task2 Task3 Task4 Task 5 Task 6 Review Verify Verify Individual and Communicate Write periodic compliance (at implementation (afterward) the periodic to the operator reports on the beginning) of these compliance of technical variances from safety of the procedures by the results with inspections the goals of the considerations environmental the operator. the goals of the conducted by PGE and verify of the Project plans and PGE. CTNSC or any the implemen- and on the specifications structure of its tation of results of the operator choice. corrective obtained. and its measures by contractors operator. with the goals of the PGE. The principal biophysical areas to be monitored and controlled are: - Site clearing, operations to scrape the arable layer of the soil, the activities to prevent erosion risks, operations to restore the site, and cleaning operations throughout the construction phase; - Protection of species and significant biotropes; - Waste water removal and waste treatment installations; - Water draw-off, reinjection if any, and wastes following hydraulic tests; and - Dust control. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part 1I1 7 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTIII CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING In addition to the technical areas cited below, the expert will be responsible for the review of the training programs established by the operator in the area of the biophysical and safety environment for the areas which concern him. He must also, if necessary, assist the operator's personnel in the area of the biophysical environment on the interpretation of the regulations in this area. Description of the Job of Biophysical Expert Qualifications The candidate will be an engineer or upper level technician in natural resource management (forestry, agronomy, water, soils, etc.), pollution and/or risks. He or she will have site experience in projects that include industrial or infrastructure components of at least five years in a tropical zone. Knowledge of English, even if it is not fluent, will be appreciated. Expertise The candidate must be very familiar with: - The Chad regulatory context and international standards in the biophysical environment; - The biophysical environment in Sahel and, if possible, in Chad; - Current impacts on the environment of the completion of work of the type planned; and - Sampling practices in biophysical environment and laboratory methods. He (she) must speak fluent French. Ability to speak English, even imperfectly, will be appreciated. Qualities required The qualities required for this job are: - A strong sense of organization and communication; - Ability to manage conflicts; and - A taste for teamwork. Availability He (she) must be available immediately if possible or no later than three months after the date of the interview. Salary The monthly salary shall be dependent on the responsibilities of the position. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part 1II 8 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTIUI CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING Special conditions 3 jobs are to be filled: one based in Doba, the second on the pipeline construction site, the third will be assigned according to the needs in Doba or on the site of the pipeline. All these jobs will involve a permanent presence on the site in the Project zones and in the zones with potential impacts. The jobs are open for two years, renewable by year, with a trial period of three months. The jobs will provide a vehicle. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part 1i1 9 May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART III CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGENTS (3 POSITIONS) SPECIFICATIONS Missions assigned to the Biophysical Environmental Agent The mission of the Biophysical Environment Agent will be to assist the Biophysical Environment Expert in the missions of monitoring and controlling the operations of the Project summarized in the form of principal tasks in the two tables below: CTNSC Mission 2 - Monitoring-Control List of tasks Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task 6 Review the Verify the Verify Individual and Communicate Write periodic compliance (at implementation (afterward) the periodic to the operator reports on the the beginning) of these compliance of technical variances from state of the of the procedures the results with inspections the goals of the environment on environmental during the goals of the conducted by PGE and verify the plans and completion of PGE and the CTNSC or any the implemen- construction specifications the on-site technical structure of its tation of sites of the of the operator work specifications choice. corrective Project. and its measures by contractors operator with the goals of the PGE CTNSC Mission 3 - Prevention of accidents and catastrophes List of tasks Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task 6 Review Verify Verify Occasion and Communicate Write periodic compliance (at implementation (afterward) the periodic to the operator reports on the beginning) of these compliance of technical variances from safety of the procedures by the results with inspections the goals of the considerations environmental the operator the goals of the conducted by PGE and verify of the Project plans and PGE CTNSC or any the implemen- and on the specifications structure of its tation of results of the operator choice. corrective obtained. and its measures by contractors operator with the goals of the PGE The principal biophysical areas to be monitored and controlled are: - Site clearing, operations to scrape the arable layer of the soil, the activities to prevent erosion risks, operations to restore the site, and cleaning operations throughout the construction phase; - Protection of species and significant biotropes; - Waste water removal and waste treatment installations; - Water draw-off, reinjection if any, and wastes following hydraulic tests; and - Dust control. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part Ill 10 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART IIJ CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING Description of the job of Biophysical Agent Qualifications The candidate will be a site technician, technical agent or operator in the areas of expertise of the biophysical expert whom he/she will assist. He or she will have site experience for at least five years in management of natural resources. Skills The candidate must be very familiar with: - The biophysical environment in Sahel and, if possible, in Chad; - Current impacts on the environment of the completion of work of the type planned; and - Measurement practices in biophysical environment. He (she) must speak fluent French and the languages spoken locally. Qualities required The qualities required for this job are: - A taste for site work and teamwork; and - An ability to work independently. Availability He (she) must be available immediately if possible or no later than three months after the date of the interview. Salary The monthly salary shall be dependent on the responsibilities of the position. Special conditions 3 jobs are to be filled: one based in Doba, the second on the pipeline construction site, the third will be assigned according to the needs in Doba or on the site of the pipeline. All these jobs will involve a permanent presence on the site in the Project zones and in the zones with potential impacts. The 3 jobs are open for one year, renewable by year, with a trial period of three months. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part III 11 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART 111 CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTAL EXPERT (2 POSITIONS) SPECIFICATIONS Missions assigned to the Socioeconomic Environmental Expert The mission of the Expert in the socioeconomic environment is to monitor and control the operations of the Project in the socioeconomic areas as described in the activities of the CTNSC grouped in the form of principal tasks in the two tables below: CTNSC Mission 2 - Monitoring-Control List of tasks Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task 6 Review the Verify the Verify Occasional and Communicate Write periodic compliance (at implementation (afterward) the periodic to the operator reports on the the beginning) of these compliance of technical variances from state of the of the procedures the results with inspections the goals of the environment on environmental during the goals of the conducted by PGE and verify the plans and completion of PGE and the CTNSC or any the implemen- construction specifications the on-site technical structure of its tation of sites of the of the operator work specifications choice. corrective Project. and its measures by contractors operator with the goals of the PGE = CTNSC Mission 3- Prevention of accidents and catastrophes List of tasks Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task 6 Review Verify Verify Occasional and Communicate Write periodic compliance (at implementation (afterward) the periodic to the operator reports on the beginning) of these compliance of technical variances from safety of the procedures by the results with inspections the goals of the considerations environmental the operator the goals of the conducted by PGE and verify of the Project plans and PGE CTNSC or any the implemen- and on the specifications structure of its tation of results of the operator choice. corrective obtained. and its measures by contractors operator with the goals of the PGE The principal socioeconomic areas to be monitored and controlled are: - Review the compliance of the actions performed with respect to the socioeconomic environment with governmental regulations and with the commitments defined in the specifications for the Project and the Environmental Management Plan; - Identification of the socioeconomic problems and their potential impact; - Review the actual implementation of the population Indemnification and Relocation Plan; - Review the application of recruitment, purchasing practices on local markets stipulated in the Environmental Management Plan; ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part III 12 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I1 CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYBUILDING - Review the procedures to respect significant sacred, archeological or paleontological sites discovered during the construction phase; and - Review the training and information programs established by the operator with respect to the socioeconomic environment. Description of the position of Socioeconomic Expert Qualifications The candidate must have advanced training in social sciences and economics, at least five years experience on site in projects that included a strong social component, if possible with experience in conflict management, work with non-governmental organizations and population movements, in a tropical zone. Experience in the oil sector is desired. Skills The candidate must have very strong knowledge of: - The Chad regulatory context and international standards with respect to the socioeconomic environment; - The socioeconomic environment in the Sahel and, if possible, in Chad; - The current impacts of work of the type planned on the socioeconomic environment; and - Project control. He or she must speak French fluently and the languages spoken locally. Qualities required The qualities required for this job are: - A strong sense of organization and communication; - A desire for teamwork; and - A talent for working with the populations. Availability He or she must be immediately available if possible, or no later than three months after the date of the interview. Salary The monthly salary shall be dependent on the responsibilities of the position. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part lIl 13 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART III CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING Special conditions Two positions need to be filled. One is based in Doba, the other on the pipeline construction site. These two positions will mean a permanent presence on site on the Project zones and in the zones where there is potential for impact. The two positions are open for two years, renewable by year, with a trial period of three months. The positions will provide a vehicle. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part III 14 May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ENViRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART 111 CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTAL AGENTS (2 POSITIONS) SPECIFICATIONS Missions assigned to the Socioeconomic Environmental Agent The mission of the Socioeconomic Environmental Agent is to support the Socioeconomic Environmental Expert in the missions to monitor and control the operations of the Project as summarized in the form of the principal tasks indicated in the table below: CTNSC Mission 2 - Monitoring-Control List of tasks Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task 6 Review the Verify the Verify Occasional and Communicate Write periodic compliance (at implementation (afterward) the periodic to the operator reports on the the beginning) of these compliance of technical variances from state of the of the procedures the results with inspections the goals of the environment on environmental during the goals of the conducted by PGE and verify the plans and completion of PGE and the CTNSC or any the implemen- construction specifications the on-site technical structure of its tation of sites of the of the operator work specifications choice. corrective Project. and its measures by contractors operator with the goals of the PGE CTNSC Mission 3 - Prevention of accidents and catastrophes List of tasks Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task 6 Review Verify Verify Occasional and Communicate Write periodic compliance (at implementation (afterward) the periodic to the operator reports on the beginning) of these compliance of technical variances from safety of the procedures by the results with inspections the goals of the considerations environmental the operator the goals of the conducted by PGE and verify of the Project plans and PGE CTNSC or any the implemen- and on the specifications structure of its tation of results of the operator choice. corrective obtained. and its measures by contractors operator with the goals of the PGE The principal missions in the Socioeconomic areas to be monitored and controlled are: - Review the compliance of the actions performed with respect to the socioeconomic environment with the commitments defined in the specifications for the Project and the Environmental Management Plan (also compliance with governmental regulations); - Support for the identification of the socioeconomic problems and their potential impact; - Review the actual implementation of the population Indemnification and Relocation Plan; - Review the application of recruitment, purchasing practices on local markets stipulated in the Environmental Management Plan; ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part liI 15 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART II CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING - Review the procedures to respect significant sacred, archeological or paleontological sites discovered during the construction phase; and - Review the training and information programs established by the operator with respect to the socioeconomic environment. Description of the position of Socioeconomic Agent Qualifications The candidate will be a technician, technical agent or site operator in the areas of expertise of the socioeconomic expert whom he or she will assist. He or she will have at least five years experience on site in conflict management and work with non-governmental organizations in a tropical zone. Experience in the area of population movements will be appreciated. Skills The candidate must have very strong knowledge of: - The socioeconomic environment in the Sahel and, if possible, in Chad; and - The current impacts of work of the type planned on populations He or she must speak French fluently and the languages spoken locally. Qualities required The qualities required for this job are: - A strong ability to make contact with populations; - A desire for on-site work and teamwork; and - Ability to work independently and strong communication skills. Availability He or she must be immediately available if possible, or no later than three months after the date of the interview. Salary The monthly salary shall be dependent on the responsibilities of the position. Special conditions Two positions need to be filled. One is based in Doba, the other on the pipeline construction site. These two positions will mean a permanent presence on site on the Project zones and in the zones where there is potential for impact. The two positions are open for one year, renewable by year, with a trial period of three months. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part liI 16 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART III CHAD PORTION VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY EXPERT SPECIFICATIONS Missions assigned to the Health and Environmental Safety Expert The mission of the Health and Environmental Safety Expert is to monitor and control the Project operations in the Health and Safety areas as described in the activities of the CTNSC groups in the form of principal tasks in the two tables below: CTNSC Mission 2 - Monitoring-Control List of tasks Task 1 Task2 Task3 Task4 Task 5 Task 6 Review the Verify the Verify Occasional and Communicate Write periodic compliance (at implementation (afterward) the periodic to the operator reports on the the beginning) of these compliance of technical variances from state of the of the procedures the results with inspections the goals of the environment on environmental during the goals of the conducted by PGE and verify the plans and completion of PGE and the CTNSC or any the implemen- construction specifications the on-site technical structure of its tation of sites of the of the operator work specifications choice. corrective Project. and its measures by contractors operator with the goals of the PGE CTNSC Mission 3 - Prevention of accidents and catastrophes List of tasks Task 1 Task2 Task3 Task4 Task 5 Task 6 Review Verify Verify Occasional and Communicate Write periodic compliance (at implementation (afterward) the periodic to the operator reports on the beginning) of these compliance of technical variances from safety of the procedures by the results with inspections the goals of the considerations environmental the operator the goals of the conducted by PGE and verify of the Project plans and PGE CTNSC or any the implemen- and on the specifications structure of its tation of results of the operator choice. corrective obtained. and its measures by contractors operator with the goals of the PGE The principal health and safety areas to be monitored and controlled are: - The application of the regulations applicable in the area of health and safety and the standards indicated in the specifications for the Project and the Environmental Management Plan; - Epidemiological investigations and taking samples for analysis; - Review of the construction work to identify health and safety problems and their potential impact; and - Review of the training and information programs of the operator and its contractors in the area of health and safety. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part III 17 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART 111 CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING Description of the position of Health and Environmental Safety Expert Qualifications The candidate must be a doctor of medicine and have, if possible, at least five years of experience in an industrial project in a tropical zone. Experience in the oil sector is desired. Skills The candidate must have a strong knowledge of: - The Chad regulatory framework and international standards in the area of health and safety; - The health and safety environment in the Sahel and, if possible, in Chad; and - Current impacts of the work of the type planned on the health and safety environment. He or she must speak fluent French. A knowledge of English, even if imperfect, will be appreciated. Qualities required The qualities required for this position are: - A strong sense of organization and communication; and - An interest in team work. Availability He or she must be available immediately if possible or no later than three months after the date of the interview. Salary The monthly salary shall be dependent on the responsibilities of the position. Special conditions The job is based in Doba, but will involve frequent visits to all the sites of the Project (drilling- exploitation and pipeline) as well as the zone with the potential for impacts. The position is open for two years, renewable by year, with a trial period of three months. The position will provide a vehicle. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part III 18 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART /i1 CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYBUILDING HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY AGENT SPECIFICATIONS Missions assigned to the Health and Environmental Safety Agent The mission of the Health and Environmental Safety Agent is to assist the Health and Environmental Safety Expert in the missions to monitor and control the Project operations summarized in the form of principal tasks in the two tables below: CTNSC Mission 2 - Monitoring-Control List of tasks Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task 6 Review the Verify the Verify Occasional and Commnunicate Write periodic compliance (at implementation (afterward) the periodic to the operator reports on the the beginning) of these compliance of technical variances from state of the of the procedures the results with inspections the goals of the environment on environmental during the goals of the conducted by PGE and verify the plans and completion of PGE and the CTNSC or any the implemen- construction specifications the on-site technical structure of its tation of sites of the of the operator work specifications choice. corrective Project. and its measures by contractors operator with the goals of the PGE _ _ = _ CTNSC Mission 3 - Prevention of accidents and catastrophes List of tasks Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task 6 Review Verify Verify Occasional and Communicate Write periodic compliance (at implementation (afterward) the periodic to the operator reports on the beginning) of these compliance of technical variances from safety of the procedures by the results with inspections the goals of the considerations environmental the operator the goals of the conducted by PGE and verify of the Project plans and PGE CTNSC or any the implemen- and on the specifications structure of its tation of results of the operator choice. corrective obtained. and its measures by contractors operator with the goals of the PGE The principal health and safety areas to be monitored and controlled are: - The application of the regulations applicable in the area of health and safety and the standards indicated in the specifications for the Project and the Environmental Management Plan; - Epidemiological investigations and taking samples for analysis; - Review of the construction work to identify health and safety problems and their potential impact; and - Review of the training and information programs of the operator and its contractors in the area of health and safety. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part III 19 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART II CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYBUILDING Description of the position of Health and Environmental Safety Agent Qualifications The candidate will be a nurse or health agent. He or she will have at least five years site experience in tropical medicine. Experience in the area of industrial safety or occupational diseases will be appreciated. Skills The candidate must have a strong knowledge of: - The health and safety environment in the Sahel and, if possible, in Chad; and - Current impacts of the work of the type planned on health. He or she must speak fluent French and the languages spoken locally. Qualities required The qualities required for this position are: - Strong ability for contact with populations; - A taste for site work and team work; and - Ability to work independently and strong communication skills. Availability He or she must be available immediately if possible or no later than three months after the date of the interview. Salary The monthly salary shall be dependent on the responsibilities of the position. Special conditions The job is based in Doba, but will involve frequent visits to all the sites of the Project (drilling- exploitation and pipeline) as well as the zone with the potential for impacts. The position is open for one year, renewable by year, with a trial period of three months. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part IiI 20 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART III CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT POSITIONS (3 POSITIONS IN DOBA) SPECIFICATIONS In order to execute all its missions, the CTNSC must have an Executive Staff. The needs of the CTNSC for administrative and technical support personnel, based in Doba, are organized as follows: - One Secretary; - One Accounting Assistant; and - One Computer Operator. Expertise required - The Secretary must have performed similar functions in a project for at least five years, be skilled in word processing and computers. A knowledge of English will be appreciated. - The Accounting Assistant must have performed similar duties in a project (if possible from the World Bank) for at least five years. He must be able to use spreadsheets and accounting software. - The Computer Operator must have very strong knowledge of spreadsheets and data bases. He will support the site Experts and Supervisor for the production of technical reports, processing and analysis of data from site surveys. A minimum knowledge of statistical methods is required. Qualities required The qualities required for these positions are: - A strong sense of organization and communication; and - A taste for teamwork. Availability The candidates must be available immediately if possible or no later than three months after the date of the interview. Monthly salaries (gross) The monthly salaries for these positions shall be dependent on the responsibilities of each position. Special conditions The positions are based in Doba in the offices of the CTNSC. They may involve occasional travel to N'Djamena. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part 1I1 21 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART III CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING The positions are open for a year, renewable by year, with a trial period of three months. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part III 22 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTIII CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYBUILDING POSITION OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANT TO THE CTNSC (SUPPORT AT HEADQUARTERS) SPECIFICATIONS Missions assigned to the Technical Assistant based at headquarters The Technical Assistant must support the Project leader in the following missions: - Administration of the CTNSC; - Establish the monitoring and control procedures; - Administer the monitoring and control of the socioeconomic, biophysical and health aspects related to the Project; - Participate in the selection of personnel; - Assist in personnel management; - Periodic visits on site to evaluate the general quality of the environmental monitoring; - Participate in the determination of the needs for outside Technical Assistance and in establishing the contracts necessary to accomplish these tasks; - Assistance for meetings and the preparation of informal and formal reports to the CTNSC on the state of progress of the Project; - Support in preparing information documents intended for the other Ministries, Institutions and the Operator; - Support in the distribution of the actions of the CTNSC with the public; - Assist in the operation of the CTNSC; and - Participate in the training program of the CTNSC and its Executive Staff, more specifically with respect to the monitoring and control procedures. Description of the position of Technical Assistant based at headquarters Qualifications The Technical Assistant will be an engineer, if possible industrial (or agri-industrial) with at least ten years experience in the management of monitoring-control systems for industrial activity or major projects in the environmental area. Experience in a tropical zone is desired. Skills The candidate must have strong knowledge of the Chad regulatory context and international standards in the environmental area in the broadest sense, as well as of procedures for project control and quality monitoring-control. He or she must speak fluent French and English. Qualities required The qualities required for this position are: - A strong sense of organization, communication and consulting; - Ability to adapt to different environments (Ministries, Industry, Site, etc.); and - Taste for teamwork. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part III 23 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART 111 CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYBUILDING Availability He (she) must be available immediately if possible or no later than three months after the date of the interview. Budget Expert The recruitment of the expert will be done according to the international bidding procedures for the supply of technical assistance. Special conditions The position is based in N'Djamena in the offices of the Executive Staff of the CTNSC, but will involve frequent visits to the construction and operating sites. The position is open for two years, renewable by year, with a trial period of three months. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part III 24 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART 111 CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING POSITION OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANT TO THE CTNSC (SITE SUPPORT) SPECIFICATIONS Missions assigned to the Technical Assistant on site The Technical Assistant based on site must support the supervisor in the following missions: - Supervise the activities of the experts and the personnel working on the construction sites; - Verify and transmit copies of control reports to headquarters; - Be a liaison with the Central Office of the Executive Staff; - Formulate requests for occasional interventions by inspectors and specialists belonging to the Ministries concerned or other agencies approved by the State in order to perform the inspections required; - Support the coordination of the environmental activities at the local level; - Ensure additional training from experts and agents in monitoring and control procedures; and - Permanent technical support to the site technical team. Description of the position of Technical Assistant on site Qualiflcations The Technical Assistant on site will be an engineer with specific training in natural resource management and on-site experience of at least ten years in industrial activities in a natural environment and at least five years in a developing country. Fluent English is required. Skills The candidate must have extensive knowledge of international standards with respect to the environment in the broadest sense, and in procedures for project environmental monitoring. He or she must speak English and French fluently. Qualities required The qualities required for this position are: - A strong sense of organization and communication; - Ability to adapt to different environments (Ministries, Industries, Site, etc.); and - A desire for teamwork and on-site work. Availability He (she) must be available immediately if possible or no later than three months after the date of the interview. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part III 25 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART III CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING Budget Expert The recruitment of the expert will be done according to the international bidding procedures for the supply of technical assistance. Special conditions The position is based in Doba and will involve frequent visits to the construction and operating sites. The position is open for two years, renewable by year, with a trial period of three months. The position will be provided with a vehicle. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part III 26 May 1999 CTNSC/Executive Secretariat Training Program ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART 111 CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUiLDiNG Proposal for Global Training Plan for the Members of the CTNSC and the Personnel of the Executive Secretariat CTNSC Executive Secretariat Personnel T U)- d) CL~~~~~i)() i C: (i '~j CU C * t 0 vi .0 m -S a, V-0 Training0 .D in a) 0D C 4w 2 0_ (0 - - 0) (0 0 < CCO 1) 0 C (1)o - 0) 0 1 Traiinng List area Chad E E1 IC h a w _ --- 1 - -- 1 2 _ 3 Mastery n 2of W n Ca 2 k A =3 a 0 4)C 1- .2 E .C 0 ~~~~ *~~. w .0 a dsu 0e proc c j~~ 0 eL ~~~ 2 ~~ F ~~C.2 _ Knumbedge of Individuatin - Cd 16 w 1 _ 1 _2 2 2 2_ 3 3 1 28. Se.Tchndiaical mtrainin Trainin Oin Procioecon areat Cha 2 wk _ 2 _ _ 4 Afraining (Gabon,a Nigeria, Cd 2 1 1 16 1 1 1 1 _ 2 3 1 Angola~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~ ~ etc. Europe,sN. sAmpling method Cha 2wk 1 11 4_ 1 2 3 1 Number oImndeiiduas -h 2 wk 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 285 Tasteritng ops. Bare Chad 4 wk 2 3 3 6 MAstryc (aof, WorldrBankCa 2wk I 16 1 1 1 2 61 2 disbrse prc.) a Arc(Gab Nhigera,2dk i 2 16 1 1 3i 2 3 12 8 Other sites not specified 2_ 2wk 1 5 1 1 1 1 10 ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part IV 3 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART 11I CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYBUILDING Training that Will be Provided by Oil Industry Professionals Theme: Drilling Information Objective: Acquire drilling vocabulary and an understanding of the various equipment and methods used in drilling. Outline of the program: - Architecture of a well: roles of the different casings, determination of a drilling and tubing program, examples. - Drilling principles. - Equipment: different types of drill bits, drill packing, the function of and the various lifting equipment, the function and various types of pumping equipment, well heads. - Drilling methods and special operations: drilling parameters, turbo-drilling, tubing and cementing operations, directed drilling, well tests, instrumentation. - Principles for installing a pipeline. - Visit to drilling and pipeline sites. Estimated time: 5 days ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part IV 4 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART II1 CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING Training that Will be Provided by Oil Industry Professionals Theme: Surface Production Information Objective: To present the principal aspects of production: characteristics of well effluents and the products from oil and natural gas fields -- very general principles for the operation of different processing installations. Outline of the program: - Constituents of natural gases and crude oils: characteristics and classification of well effluents, constituents with commercial value and constituents which pose problems for the oil and natural gas producer, operations to be performed on oil and natural gas producing fields, specifications, nomenclature for the various oil and gas products. - Behavior of oil fluids: change of state of the particles, liquid-vapor equilibrium, steam pressure, phase jacket, application to understanding the behavior of the oil fluid in the reservoir during depletion, in the tubing and collection lines, in gas treatment installations (gasoline recovery and extraction). - Hydrates in production and transport of natural gases: training conditions, preventive technologies. - Pipes: collection and injection networks, pipelines. - Oil treatment: stabilization, dehydration, desalting. - Gas treatment: dehydration, sweetening, gasoline recovery and extraction. - Visit to oil and gas producing fields. Estimated time: 5 days ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part iV 5 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART ll CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING Training that Will be Provided by Oil Industry Professionals Theme: Sensitivity to Environmental Safety in a Specific Oil Zone Objectives: Sensitize personnel to different subjects encountered in an oil zone. Outline of the program: - Risks in an oil zone. - Dangers of hydrocarbons. - Atmospheric emissions (purges, drains, sampling taps). - Dangers of chemical products. - Degassing and work in tanks. - Wire work operation. - Laboratory. - Handling/lifting. - Sensitivity to pollution. - Foot drop/work in heights/scaffoldings. - Individual protection. - Accidents. - Transport resources (helicopter, boats, etc.). - Work authorization and deposits. Estimated duration: 3 days ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part IV 6 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART III CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING Training that Will be Provided by Oil Industry Professionals Theme: Sensitization to respecting the environment in a specific oil zone Objectives: Sensitize personnel to the environment every day. Outline of the program: - What is pollution? Its consequences on the environment and people. - Regulations (International and regional). - Drilling wastes. - Production wastes: liquid wastes (production water, treatment additives, eco-toxicity), atmospheric wastes, solid wastes, accidental and anti-pollution wastes. - Abandoning installations, rehabilitation of soils. - Work in sensitive areas. Estimated duration: 2/3 days ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part IV 7 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART III CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING Training that Will be Provided by Oil Industry Professionals Theme: Treatment of Production and Injection Waters Objectives: Explain deoxygenation and filtration techniques during water injection. Outline of the program: - Why water injection? - Water. - Corrosion and means to fight it. Rock. - Deoiling. - Water/corrosion T.P. - Treatment chain: real examples. - Filtration T.P. Estimated duration: 3 days ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part IV 8 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART It/ CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING Training that Will be Provided by Oil Industry Professionals Theme: Fighting Hydrocarbon Pollution Objectives: How to define and fight pollution at the work site. Outline of the program: - General principles of intervention against pollution by hydrocarbons. - Equipment and materials used. - Study of means and methods to recover hydrocarbons. - Restoration and cleaning of polluted sites. - Collection, transport and storage of wastes. - Decontamination of men and equipment. - Treatment and elimination of waste. - Visit to old polluted sites. Estimated duration: 4/5 days ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part IV 9 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART IN CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYBUILDING Training that Will be Provided by Oil Industry Professionals Theme: Awareness and prevention of risks Objective: Respond logically to three questions: What does safety mean? How do we evaluate the level of safety? How do we improve the level of safety? Outline of the program: The risks related to oil activities are systematically reviewed. This review allows: - An analysis of the risks; - An identification of the precautions to be taken to attempt to control the various risks; and - An identification and discussion of the resources implemented to ensure the application of these various precautions. Estimated time: 2 days ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part IV 10 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART I/I CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYBUILDING Training that Will be Provided by Oil Industry Professionals Theme: Emergency Rescues Objectives: Be able to perform the first rescue operations. Outline of the program: - Conduct in the event of accident. - Balance sheet. - Bleeding. - Burns. - Wounds. - Collecting the victim. Estimated duration: 2 days ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part IV 11 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTIII CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING Training that Will be Provided by Oil Industry Professionals Theme: Respiratory Protection Objectives: Become familiar with wearing an insulating respiratory device. Outline of the program: - Theory: presentation of different models of A.R.I., description, maintenance. - Practice: smoke route, life line, fire operations with A.R.I. Estimated duration: 1 day ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part IV 12 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART m CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING Training that Will be Provided by Oil Industry Professionals Theme: Fire Fighting (1st level) Objectives: Be able to fight a moderate sized fire. Outline of the program: - Use of extinguishers: 10 kg and 25 kg powder extinguishers, water spray and foam. - Extinguishing hydrocarbon fire: tank fire, line fire, structural fire. - Approach under the protection of water spray (valve closure). Estimated duration: 1 day ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part IV 13 May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Terms of Reference for the Recruitment of a Lawyer/Consultant in Environmental Law ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PARTIII CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING Terms of Reference 1. The legal consultant shall be an upper level lawyer, with experience in environmental law and the drafting of legal documents. He shall assist the MEE in preparing the basic texts of implementation of Law 98-14 governing the general principles of environmental protection. These basic texts are as follows: (i) Decree governing classified installations and facilities (ii) Decree governing environmental assessments These decrees shall be prepared on a short-term basis, due to their obvious connection with the oil exploitation development activities and their role in providing a framework for the implementation of environmental laws in the country. Decree governing environmental assessments 2. The legal consultant shall review the following issues: (i) The methods environmental assessments currently carried out in Chad (essentially for the projects funded by international lenders). He/she shall emphasize the legal problems associated with the implementation of the procedures necessary to complete environmental assessments. In particular, he/she shall focus on the procedures dealing with public participation, the control of the contents of the environmental assessment, the rights and obligations of the owners and project managers, the control of the implementation of the environmental management plans and of the environmental assessment recommendations, and the administrative and jurisdictional resorts available to individuals concerned by the project. (ii) The legal consultant shall review the public law of Chad regarding administrative procedure and shall propose various options on how to apply it to the environmental assessment procedures, taking into account the responsibilities, rights and obligations of the various co-venturers and administrations. (iii) The legal consultant shall submit a preliminary draft of the environmental assessment procedure to the concerned co-venturers and administrations. He/she shall specify the terms and conditions of reinforcement of each one if necessary, allowing each party to meet its responsibilities, rights and obligations. (iv) The legal consultant shall prepare a draft decree on the implementation of the environmental assessment procedure and shall submit it to the government. The legal consultant shall take the observations and comments of the government into consideration when he/she reviews the draft decree in view of its finalization. The finalized decree shall be submitted to the government for approval and publication by relevant administrations. (v) The legal consultant shall work in close collaboration with the CJC and shall keep it informed of all the development phases of the mission. He/she shall present his/her findings at the end of the preliminary phase (evaluation of the existing legal framework), at the end of the intermediary phase (proposal of a preliminary draft) and at the end of the final phase ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part V I May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART III CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYBUILDING (proposal of a finalized draft). He/she shall participate in the work session on the development of environmental law and shall discuss his/her work on Chad environmental assessment regulations. (vi) The legal expert shall consult with CTNSC members and the representatives of the various technical departments of the ministries as well as the private sector and NGOs to set up a list of activities, projects, installations, programs to be submitted to the environmental assessment procedure. He/she shall establish the list to be annexed to the draft decree. (vii) The legal consultant shall be hired for a period of six weeks, and the schedule of his/her duties shall be as follows: * Preparation of the evaluation of the Chad legal system and of the environmental assessments: 2 weeks * Field work in N'Djam6na and consultation with the various concerned co-venturers and administrations: 3 weeks * Drafting of the final draft decree to be submitted to the government for approval and publication: 1 week Decree governinc classified establishments and installations 3. (i) The legal consultant shall review the Chad legislation applicable to pollution control, when pollution is caused by the activities of classified establishments and facilities, and shall draft a summary of the authorization and control mechanisms in force, and of applicable authorization procedures. (ii) The legal consultant shall discuss with all co-venturers and administrations concerned by the activities of the classified installations and facilities, to seek their opinion on the preparation of a unified system of authorization and control to monitor all pollution and nuisance resulting from the activities of these establishments and facilities. To this purpose, the regulations proposed by the legal consultant shall take into account the following components: (a) Only one organization shall be responsible for controlling all forms of pollution and nuisance originating from the classified installations and facilities (b) The authorization procedure shall provide a legal and regulatory basis for the management, treatment, transportation, and storage of dangerous waste and other chemical or non-chemical wastes resulting from the activities of the classified establishments and facilities (c) This procedure shall establish a system mitigating waste production and accumulation and other sources of pollution and nuisance, facilitated by appropriate treatment mechanisms (d) This procedure shall assist the Chad government in establishing an authorization and control system granting reward or imposing sanction to encourage the facilities responsible for the pollution to take necessary measures and reduce and/or eliminate potential sources of pollution and nuisance. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part V 2 May 1999 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART III CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYBUILDING (iii) The legal consultant shall prepare a list of establishments and facilities that must be submitted to prior control and permit procedure. He/she shall take into account any existing list, as well as the opinion of the representatives of the technical departments of the concerned ministries, the economic organizations (Chamber of Commerce, professional associations) and the NGOs actively involved in environmental protection. (iv) The legal consultant shall participate in the work session on environmental law development in Chad and shall discuss with the participants the status of the studies on the regulation of the activities of classified establishments and facilities. 4. The legal consultant shall be hired for a period of 6 weeks and the schedule of his/her duties shall be as follows: * Detailed review of the current regulations and preparation of a preliminary draft: 1 week * Consultation meetings with co-venturers and administrations, submission of progress reports for comments and suggestions, and preparation of a detailed preliminary draft report and decree to be submitted to the government for comments: 3 weeks * Drafting of the final report including a draft decree on classified establishments and facilities and an attached list of the same: 1 week. ENGLISH Chad EMP Volume 4 Part V 3 May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK