*@V~PAUNTOF -*IZORA* 18 5w 4I f6 AI 48 R O Z S- PK3gE 9 V. 9 kM2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A 8*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7 Itl Chg June 2003 - LIE Aciates S As Aia Pv4. titd - Dt4' ' ' Rat.~~~~~~ >, : W~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~v 54~~~~~~~~~~ Tfi~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~ iS k *_:, .$''' : i'- k/ aA i ~ ~~Envlumetl Ima Asesment / ui.n3: 1 . -: . ' . : ,. br - . . B / , . L1 , I .~~~~~~~~~~~ . , '. ; s _ I June 2003 11inWA LE Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ................. 1-1 1.1. OVERVIEW..1-I 1.2. PHASE 11 ACTIVITIES IN MSRP ................................................,,,, .. 1-1 1.3. PROPOSED WORKS UNDER UPGRADATION COMPONENT . ............................... 1-3 1.4. IMPACTS ENVISAGED DUE TO THE PROJECT ............................................... , . .. 1-4 1.5. STUDY METHODOLOGY ..1-5 1.5.1. Air & Water .............................,, 1-5 1.5.2. Noise .......... , 1-5 1.5.3. Natural Habitats ...................... ,. , .... , 1-5 1.6. REPORT STRUCTURE ..1-6 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK . 2-1 2.1. IMPLEMENTATION AND REGUALTORY AGENCiES .2-1 2.2. LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE STIPULATIONS .2-1 2.3. WORLD BANK REQUIREMENTS .2-2 3. THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT .3-1 3.1. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT . , ,,,, 3-1 3.1.1. Meteorological Conditions ...................... , .. 3-1 3.1.2. Land . 3-1 3.1.3. Water Resources . 3-5 3.1.4. Air Quality . ,, 3-8 3.1.5. Noise Quality ......... , , . . 3-8 3.2. ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ,... 3-9 3.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology . , . ,, 3-9 3.2.2. Aquatic ecology ........................-17........,,,,.. ,. 3-17 4. COMMUNITY CONSULTATION. 4-1 4.1. PRE-DESIGN CONSULTATION PROCESS ....... ............................. 4-1 4.1.1. Objective . 4-1 4.1.2. The Process ., , , ,,.,.,.,. 4-1 4.1.3. Issues Raised During Consultations . 4-2 4.1.4. Perceived Impacts .4-2 4.2. POST-DESIGN CONSULTATION ..............4-........... ,. ., 4-7 4.3. FOLLOW UP CONSULTATION PROGRAmmE .4-7 4.3.1. Information Disclosure, 4-7 Criginol Document by icT & CES i t Revrsed ond Updcted t! DvASADv Mizoram Stote Roads Project Phose-ll EIA for P13, June 2003 4.3.2. Continued Consultation ........................... ........................................... 4-8 5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ......................................................................5 -1 5.1. WITHOUT PROJECT AND WITH PROJECT SCENARIOS ............................................................ 5-1 5.2. ALIGNMENT SELECTION (ENTIRE BUANGPUI - LUNGLEI SECTION) ....................................... 5-1 5.3. RE-ALIGNMENTS FOR SHORT STRETCHES ...................................................................... 5-1 5.3.1. Design of Road Junction at Christian Hospital in Serkown .............................. 5-6 6. ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ... 6-1 6.1. BASIC APPROACH ..6-1 6.2. IMPACTS ON THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT .6-1 6.2.1. Meteorological Conditions .6-1 6.2.2. Land .6-1 6.2.3. Watercourses and Water Bodies .6-2 6.2.4. Air Quality .6-5 6.2.5. Noise Quality .6-5 6.3. IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONmENT .6-6 6.3.1. Terrestrial Ecology .6-6 6.3.2. Riverine Reserve forest . 6-7 6.3.3. Proposed Saza-Tlang Sanctuary .6-7 6.3.4. Aquatic Ecology .6-8 6.4. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT - MITIGATION MEASURES . .6-9 6.4.1. Land .6-9 6.4.2. Watercourses And Water Bodies .6-21 6.4.3. Noise Quality .6-30 6.5. ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT - MITIGATION MEASURES . ................................ 6-31 6.5.1. Terrestrial Ecology .6-31 6.5.2. Aquatic Ecology .6-35 6.6. SOCIO - ECONOMIC SCENARIO - IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES ALSO REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT ISSUES ........................................... 6-35 -6.6.1. Loss of Land .6-35 6.6.2. Loss of structures .6-37 6.6.3. Loss of Livelihood .6-37 7. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS .......................................,,,,,,,,,,,,,........... 7-1 7.1. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION UNIT, MPWD. . 7-1 7.2. OTHER STAKEHOLDERS .7-1 7.3. ENVIRONMENTAL CELL. PIU .7-3 7.4. PROJECT CO-ORDINATING CONSULTANTS .7-3 Originol Document by ICT & CES Revised and Updated by LASA !3v Mizorom State Roods Project Phose-it EIA for PIS. June 2003 7.5. SUPERVISION CONSULTANTS ....73.................... ........ 7-3 7.6. NON - GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS ... , .,., 7-5 7.7. QUALITY ASSURANCE CONSULTANTS.................................. 7-5 7.8. CONTRACTORS ......................................... 7-5 7.9. MONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES .7-6 7.10. REPORTING SYSTEM . 7-7 7.11. ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY BUILDING WITHIN MPWD . 7-8 7.12. ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET .........................................-9 Original Document by ICT & CES Revised ond Updated by LASA Mizorom Stote Roods Project Phose-ll EIA for P IS, June 2003 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1-1 OVERVIEW OF MSRP PHASE I .................................................. 1-3 TABLE 2-1 REGULATORY AGENCIES AND THEIR ROLES ................................................ 2-1 TABLE 2-2: EXISTING LAWS APPLICABLE FOR THE PROJECT ...................................................... 2-1 TABLE 2-3: STATUS OF CLEARANCES FOR MSRP-II ................................................ 2-8 TABLE 2-4: APPLICABILITY OF WORLD BANK POLICIES FOR THE PROJECT ............................. 2-8 TABLE 3-1: LISTS OF MAJOR LANDSLIDE LOCATIONS ALONG BUANGPUI - LUNGLEI ROAD PHASE-Il ......................................................... 3-2 TABLE 3-2: IDENTIFIED QUARRY LOCATIONS ......................................................... 3-3 TABLE 3-3: WATER BODIES IN PI B ......................................................... 3-5 TABLE 3-4: WATER QUALITY - TLAWNG RIVER ......................................................... 3-7 TABLE 3-5: AIR QUALITY DATA ......................................................... 3-8 TABLE 3-6: OBSERVED NOISE LEVELS ALONG BUANGPUI - LUNGLEI ROAD .......................... 3-9 TABLE 3-7: TREE INVENTORY WITHIN COI OF 15 M FOR BUANGPUI - LUNGLEI ROAD ........ 3-10 TABLE 3-8: INVENTORY OF FLORAL BIODIVERSITY ALONG PRIORITY PROJECT ROAD (BUANGPUI-LUNGLEI) . 3-12 TABLE 3-9: OVERALL BIO-DIVERSITY INDICES FOR TREES AND SHRUBS & FIERBS COMBINED3-13 TABLE 3-10: BIRD SPECIES REPORTED WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA ......................................... 3-16 TABLE 3-1 1: FISH SAMPLING DATA SHEET ......................................... 3-18 TABLE 4-1: PARTICIPATION IN CONSULTATION MEETINGS ......................................... 4-2 TABLE 4-2: QUESTIONNAIRE BASED ISSUES AND RESPONSES ......................................... 4-3 TABLE 4-3: GROUP DISCUSSION BASED ISSUES AND RESPONSES ......................................... 4-5 TABLE 4-4: SPECIFIC ISSUES RAISED BY THE COMMUNITY ................................... 4-9 TABLE 4-5: MECHANISMS FOR CONTINUED PARTICIPATION IN THE PROJECT .................... 4-11 TABLE 5-1: PREFERRED WIDENING OPTION ANALYSIS TO REDUCE IMPACTS ........................ 5-3 TABLE 6- 1: IMPACTED WATER BODIES ALONG BUANGPUI - LUNGLEI ROAD ....................... 6-3 TABLE 6-2: LIKELY IMPACTS ON FLORA FOR WIDENING OF PRIORITY ROAD ........................ 6-6 TABLE 6-3: SPECIES RECOMMENDED NEAR SETTLEMENTS ..................................................... 6-13 TABLE 6-4: SPECIES RECOMMENDED FOR THE PROJECT ROAD EXCLUDING SETTLEMENTS6-13 TABLE 6-5: DISPOSAL STATIONS (DS) SELECTED FOR DISPOSAL OF DEBRIS .......................... 6-15 TABLE 6-6: REASONS FOR OMITTING SOME DISPOSAL STATIONS (DS) ................................. 6-15 TABLE 6-7: DISPOSAL STATIONS (DS) IDENTIFIED DURING SURVEY ......................................... 6-16 TABLE 6-8: SITES TO BE AVOIDED FOR DISPOSAL OF WASTE MATERIAL ................................ 6-19 Original Document by ICT & CES iL Revised ond Updated by LASA la ls, ;MizOrom State Roads Project Phose-l1 EIA fr PI B. June 2C03 TABLE 6-9: LOCATIONS IDENTIFIED FOR CONSTRUCTION LABOUR CAMPS ........................ 6-20 TABLE 6-10: LOCATIONS PROPOSED FOR CONSTRUCTION LABOUR CAMPS THAT SATISFIES ALL CONDITIONS ......................... 6-20 TABLE 6-1 1: WATER HARVESTING LOCATIONS ......................... 6-23 TABLE 6-12: LAND REQUIREMENTS FOR UPGRADATION ALONG BUANGPUI - LUNGLEI SECTION ......................................... 6-35 TABLE 6-13: PRIVATE STRUCTURES BEING AFFECTED ALONG P 1 B ......................................... 6-37 TABLE 6-14: LOSS OF LIVELIHOOD ALONG PI B. ......................................... 6-37 TABLE 7-1: SUMMARY OF REPORTING OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS IN PHASE II OF MSRP ........................................ 7-7 TABLE 7-2: MODULES FOR FURTHER TRAINING DURING MSRP II ........................................ 7-8 TABLE 7.3: SUMMARY BUDGET FOR PI B ........................................ 7-9 Original Docurnerr by ICT & CES V Revised and Upaccted by LASA Mizorom State Roads Project Phase-II EtA for PIB June 2003 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1.1 LOCATION OF PHASE II PROJECT ROADS .....................................,.,,,,,.1-2 FIGURE 1.2: TYPICAL CROSS SECTION OF FINISHED ROAD .11-4 FIGURE 3.1 : PHOTOGRAPHS OF PROMINENT LANDSLIDES LOCATIONS ............................... ... 3-3 FIGURE 3.2: QUARRY CHART .3-4 FIGURE 3.3: PHOTOGRAPHS OF PONDS .3-6 FIGURE 3.4: PHOTOGRAPHS OF PROMINENT WATERFALLS ........................................................ 3-7 FIGURE 3.5: PROJECT ROAD, PROPOSED SANCTUARY AND RIVERINE RESERVE ............ 3-11 FIGURE 3.6: PHOTOGRAPH OF CYATHEA SPP. ON NH 54 ............ 3-15 FIGURE 3.7: FLORAL AND FAUNAL SURVEY AT TLAWNG RIVER ............ 3-18 FIGURE 5.1: STAGES IN ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES DURING MSRP ............ 5-2 FIGURE 5-2: REALIGNMENT AT PAKPUI VILLAGE ...........................................................................,5-4 FIGURE 5-3: REALIGNMENT IN HAULAWNG VILLAGE .5-5 FIGURE 5-4: PRESENT APPROACH TO CHRISTINA HOSPITAL IN SERKAWN FROM PI B .....5................................. S-8 FIGURE 5-5: ALTERNATIVE APPROACH DESIGN I ...................................... 5-9 FIGURE 5-6: ALTERNATIVE APPROACH DESIGN 2 ...................................... 5-10 FIGURE 5-7: ALTERNATIVE APPROACH DESIGN 3 ...................................... 5-11 FIGURE 5-8: ALTERNATIVE APPROACH DESIGN 4 ...................................... 5-12 FIGURE 5.9: GOVT. MIDDLE SCHOOL AT RAMLAITUI VILLAGE ......................................5............ 5-6 FIGURE 6.1: LOCATION OF FEATURES ALONG BUANGPUI LUNGLEI ROAD ............................. 6-4 FIGURE 6.2: BIO-ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES ..................................................... 6-11 FIGURE 6.3: LOCATION OF MARSHY LAND ..................................................... 6-17 FIGURE 6.4: POND TO BE AVOIDED FOR DISPOSAL OF CUT MATERIAL ................................. 6-18 FIGURE 6.5: SITES TO BE PROTECTED FROM DISPOSAL OF WASTE MATERIAL ........................ 6-19 FIGURE 6.6A: WATERFALL: ENHANCEMENT OF INCIDENTAL SPACE. KM 151.780 .................. 6-24 FIGURE 6.6B: WATERFALL: ENHANCEMENT OF INCIDENTAL SPACE, KM 151.780 .................. 6-25 FIGURE 6.7 : WATER HARVESTING ON HILL SIDE ..................................................... 6-26 FIGURE 6.8: WATER HARVESTING AT HILL AND ROAD INTERFACE .......................................... 6-27 FIGURE 6.9: OIL INTERCEPTOR ............................................., , . , . . 6-29 FIGURE 6.10: CONSULTATION WITH CHURCH OFFICIALS REGARDING DEVELOPMENT OF HOSPITAL AREA .............................................. 6-31 FIGURE 6.11: PROPOSED NOISE MITIGATION MEASURES FOR CHRISTIAN .............................. 6-32 HOSPITAL AT LUNGLEI FIGURE 6.12: NOISE BARRIER WALL AT RAMLAITUI PRIMARY SCHOOL ..................................... 6-33 FIGURE 6.13: PROPOSED BAMBOO AND BARBED WIRE FENCES .............................................. 6-36 FIGURE 7.1: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT .............................................. 7-2 Originot Document by ICT & CES vi Rev,sed and Updated by LASA Mizoram Stote Roads Project Phose-l/ EIA for P 19. June 2003 ¾.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ LIST OF ANNEXURES Annexure 3.1: Reconnaissance Survey for Slope Protection along P I B Annexure 3.2: Reproduced from photocopy obtained from Forest Department, Government of Mizoram Annexure 3.3: Tree inventory within COI of 1 5m for Buangpui-Lunglei Road Annexure 3.4: Buangpui-S.Kanghmun (Altitude:707-820m) Frequency, Abundance and Density of Herbs and Shrubs Annexure 3.5: Buangpui-S.Kanghmun (Altitude:707-820m) Frequency, Abundance and Density of Trees Annexure 3.6: S.Kanghmun-Ramlaitui (Altitude: 729-761 M) Frequency and Density of Herbs and Shrubs (of 1 sq. metre size quadrat) Annexure 3.7: S.Kanghmun-Ramlaitui (Altitude: 729-761 M) Frequency, Abundance and Density of Trees Annexure 3.8: Ramlaitui-Sekhum (Altitude: 779-850m) Frequency, Abundance and Density of Herbs and Shrubs (of 1 sq. metre size quadrat) Annexure 3.9: Ramlaitui-Sekhum (Altitude: 779-850m) Frequency, Abundance and Density of Trees Annexure 3.1 0: Sekhum-N. Mualthuam (Altitude: 840-735m) Frequency, Abundance and Density of Herbs and Shrubs (of 1 sq. metre size quadrat) Annexure 3.11: Sekhum-N. Mualthuam (Altitude: 840-735m) Frequency, Abundance and Density of Trees Annexure 3.12: N. Muaithuam-Haulawng (Altitude: 754-952 m) Frequency, Abundance and Density of Herbs and Shrubs (of 1 sq. metre size quadrat) Annexure 3.13: N. Mualthuam-Haulawng (Altitude: 754-952 m) Frequency. Abundance and Density of Trees Annexure 3.14: Haulawng-Mausen (Altitude: 1052-623 m) Frequency, Abundance and Density of Herbs and Shrubs (of 1 sq. metre size quadrat) Annexure 3.15: Haulawng-Mousen (Altitude: 1052-623 m) Frequency, Abundance and Density of Trees Origincl Document by ICT & CES vii Revised and Updtoed by LASA Y Mizorom Stote Roads Project Phose.f? EIA for PIS. June 2003 Annexure 3.16: Mausen-Lunglei (Altitude: 605-1OlOm) Frequency, Abundance and Density of Herbs and Shrubs (of 1 sq. metre size quadrat) Annexure 3.1 7: Mousen-Lunglei (Altitude: 605-1 01 Om) Frequency, Abundance and Density of Trees Annexure 3.18: List of Herb and Shrub Species found at priority road PI B uBaongpui- Lunglei) Annexure 3.19: List of Tree Species found at priority road P1 B (Buangpui-Lunglei) Annexure 3.20: List of Ethno-medicinal Plant Species found at priority road PI B {Buangpui-Lunglei) Annexure 3.21: Data sheet for trees along the slope of the bank within the area oF Riverine reserve of Tlcwng near P1 B road Annexure 6.1: Experiences of Phase I project implementation Annexure 6.2: Precautions to be taken during debris disposal Annexure 6.3: Facilities to be provided in the construction camp Annexure 6.4: Instructions for redevelopment of borrow areas Annexure 7.1: Reporting System Formats Ofiginoi Document by ICT g CES viii Revised z.;nd updoted -y LASA it > ., ), d t5 : (4~~~~~~~~~4 Za'm h fi' pJ ) sia % + % \ 9 inr.i. CIhamo1ji 2 > erchhip/ t hae2 ,1 201 Lu Engln [ i;3ibunga /unsreA \~\ 2/ )5.8:"r . f / , | \t nn1 I 1. ~~Introduction 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. OVERVIEW The Mizoram State Roads Project (MSRP) is being prepared and implemented by the Mizoram Public Works Department (MPWD) with World Bank (WB) assistance. Phase I of the project is under construction following appraisal by the Bank in 2002. The project preparation for Phase ll is underwoy since late 2001. A consortium', acting as Project Co-ordinating Consultants (PCC), is assisting the MPWD during project preparation. Their inputs will continue (in limited capocities) throughout the project duration. In addition, MPWD will also hire the services of a Construction Supervision Consultant as the Engineer for the implementation along similar lines as Phase 1. Like all Category 'A' transport projects funded by the World Bank, MSRP is subject to an Independent Environmental Review2. This Environmental Impact Assessment and its companion reports, covering the activities to be carried out in Phase 11, have been scrutinized during the IER. These reports are now updated addressing the observations made during the Review. 1.2. PHASE li ACTIVITIES IN MSRP Phase 11 of MSRP endeavours to complete the enhanced connectivity of two of the most important cities in Mizoram - Aizawl and Lunglei, initiated in Phase 1. The Upgradation of the MPWD's old Aizawl - Lunglei road will reduce the distance traffic has to travel by 65km when compared to NH 54. A new alignment bypassing Aizawl city from the east will connect NH 54 near Zemabawk to the state highway near Km 4.5. In addition, 230 km of existing state highways will also undergo major maintenance. Table 1.1 summarises the works to be undertaken during Phase lIof MSRP. These routes are also shown in Figure 1.1. This report relates to the assessment of impacts on the Upgradation along PIS route. It is built on the work done during Phase 1, which included a Sectoral Environmental Assessment and Environmental Impact Assessment for the P1A stretch. A stand-alone Environmental Management Plan is prepared to facilitate implementation of environmental manogement measures. AizawI bypass (BP 1) is studied separately and a combined EIA-cum-EMP is prepared. The socio-economic impacts of all activities I The PCC consortium comprised M/s. Intercontinentai Consultants and Technocrats (I) Ltd. (ICT) and M/s. Consulting Engineering Services Pvt. Ltd. (CES). 2 M/s. LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. (LASA) were selected as the Independent Reviewers with the responsibilities of updating tee documents in light of the observations. Goni.nc) Document by iCKT& CES Re'l;sed a-r( UpccreCd O> LASA Mizorom State Roods Project Phose-l/ EIA for P I, June 2003 A S S A M Karn,un 6 Zh 9\9 b ta~~8 t8ir 11 M 2 4 Baabi Dolasib 9 5aimukh u am~~~~~~~~~~~~~a '9~~~~~~~~' 1 im > Honk 1 6 T,, W. Kawnpui T c n J 3 L _. Lalenl IS I7U s h ZttasB1 ti - * 0 la >_ zinuf ing Cham,hai Cbhia J Ilraparrh \ \ E Thenz suT - u 14 H H :? Saihu a _ 7J6 0 ;:/ a ale 20 I e Rn-als Location ofPhase II Poject Road PHASE , PWD Original Document by ICT & CES 2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~apu |evsed ad \ l by A ungse Jan1rha | ciawrgelw~~~~~~c 35 Thihgla iungpha, Lg- \ DiL+3n aWn9tlai\33| 3sacl Herqu;ncr 03 I ) ) ~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~Ka.ja 'Jt. |Isoals^ |~~~~~~~~~~~~ \ &ungliang) ] Rr,1c P-arar Rud (J t 4 fae .~~~~~~~'h '. .5 \ 4 /ula rpara ' \ I ~~~~T rEnl m 4 . ed;, -*\'l@N ib''~~~~~~~~~3 uNfl\ar\ , J D4(Alt9 33 ' ' '~~3 / \/ Phul< ~~~~34 !4//,!9 So Polltoys LSga & LAaanistratve Frameork . . iti_. .S=w:D yi R | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- - - ,. 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK This section reviews the existing legislative setup pertaining to MSRP Phase 11 at the national and state levels. The chapter also elaborates on environmental clearance requirements for the project from Government of Mizoram, Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi and the World Bank. 2.1. IMPLEMENTATION AND REGUALTORY AGENCIES The Mizoram Public Works Department (MPWD) is the nodal agency for project preparation and implementation of MPSRP-II. Various other agencies are indirectly involved in regulation of activities under the project through statutes/laws governing them. The agencies involved, their role in the project is presented in the Table 2-1. Table 2-1 Regulatory Agencies and their roles Agency Statute/policy Relevant objeclives ministry ot Environment ond Environment (Profection) ACt. 1986 To protect ond improve the quotity ot the Forests Envircnmental Impoct Assessment environment ond to prevent, control and Notificalion. 1994 abote environmental pollution Forest (Conservation) Act '980 (as To restrict deforestation by restricting amended 1998) and Rules. 1981 clearing of forested areas. Pollution Control Board Woaer (Prevention and Control of Pollutionj To provide for the prevention and control of Act 1974. os omended 1958. wcter pollution and the mointaining or restoring ot wholesomeness ot water. Air (Prevention and Control ot Pollution) To provide for the prevention, control and Act 1981, as amended in 1987. abotement of air pollution Department of Environment Witdlite (Protection) Act 1972 To orotect wild animals and birds through and Forests the creation of Notionol Parks and Sanctuaries Department of Transport Motor Vehicfes Act 1988 To control vehicular oir and noise pollution trom motor vehicles ArChaeological Survey of Ancient Monuments and ArchOeoaogical To protect and conserve cultural and IndiO sites ond Remains ACt 1958 histoticol remains found in India 2.2. LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE STIPULATIONS The Government of India has formulated various policy guidelines; acts and regulations aimed at the protection and management of Environmental resources. The applicable laws are described in the Table 2-2. Table 2-2 Existing laws applicable for the Project Low/Regulation/Guidelines Relevance The Forest (Conservolion) ACt. 1980 Applies to naturol torest areas - Authoriry to issue clearance: (i) it areo ot forest >20ho l10ho in hilly area). Central Government: (ii) Sho-20ho. Regional Office of Chief Conservator of Forests; (ii) <=Sho. State Government: (41 if tree density >40%. permission for any work must come trom the Centrol Government. regardless ot areo of torest to be clecred. Clearonce fcr the project under this statute is obtoined ftom the Regionat Chief Conservator ot Forests. Shillong. rhe Environmental (Prolection) ACt. Various aspects oa the Environment (Protection) ACI and Rules apply to the 1986, and the Environmental road construction projects. They estcblish the slondards tor emission oa noise (Protection) Rules, 1987-2002 (vorious in the atmosphere. These stonoords ore directed primarily at the indusioial amendments) | pollution but ore also applicable to rood construction activity. The alignment passes through riverine reserve forests ond hence cleoronce under this staltute is obtained. The Environmeniotl Imloc Assessment Identities highways lItem 21 o' schectute 11 os one of the projects rectuling rI-oriticolicn 1994 o 9rior cleorance trom 1he Golt rtoEF. ITe Got. rAOEF Nclilicotirn cf 10 AOtil Onginct Document by tCT C CES 2-1 Revised cnd LJpOoted by LASA Mizoram Store !7oods Project Phose-ll EIA forPIB, June 2003 Law/Regulation/Guidelines Relevance 1997 provides that ernvironmental clearance need not be obDtained from the MoEF for... Highway projects relating to improvement work including widening and strengthening of roods with marginal fand acquisition along the existing olignments provided the highways do not pass through ecologicolly sensitive areas such as National Pork. Sanctuaries. Tiger Reserve. Reserve Forest. etc. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 Provides for the creation, conservotion and protection of Nationol Parks ond Sanctuaries. The proposed alignment does not pass through National pork / sanctuary protected under this act. However, a notice for intension to declare an areo of approx. 20 sq km. with road forming the boundary is issued. The boundary is for approximately 7km from River Tlowng towords Pukpui. No cleorances are required under this statute at present. The Water (Prevention and Control of Central and Stote Pollution Control Bo3ra to establish/enforce water quolity Pollution) ACt, 1974 and effluent stondards. monitor water quality. prosecute offenders, and issue licenses tar construction/operation of certain facilities. No clearances ore required under the statute tor the project. The Air (Prevention and Control ot Empowers SPCB to set and monitor air quality standaras and to prosecute Pollution) ACt. 1981 attenders, excluding vehicular air and noise emission. rhe project requires consent to estoblish and consent to operate hot mix plont under the project. The Motor Vehicle Act. 1988 Empowers State Transport Autharity to enforce standards tar vehicular pollution. In August 1997 the "Pollution Under Control Certificate was launched to reduce vehicular emissions. All vehicles used for construction will need to comply with the provisions of this act. Ancient Monuments and To protect and conserve culturol and historical remains found. The project Archoeological sites ond Remains Act does not poss through any orcheologicolly protected areos. Hence no 11958 clearances are required. The Explosives Act (& Rules) 1884 Sets out the regultoions as to regords the use ot explosives ond (1983) precoutionory measures while blasting, quorrying. Provisions of this act have to be complied with in the construction stage. The Mizorom Highways ACt. 2002 Provides for protection and maintenance oa highways assets, enforce mechanisms to control ribbon developments, encroachments and road safety. Provisions of this act shall be enforced on the project road when if is fully operational. No clearonces are to be obtained at present The MPWD has obtained all necessary clearances from the regulatory authorities for implementation of the project. Various clearances required by the project and the status of clearances is presented in the Table 2-3. Apart from these, the contractor has to obtain consent to establish and consent to operate hot mix plant before setting up the plant. He also needs to obtain PUC certificates for all the vehicles used for construction. Table 2-3 Status of Clearances for MSRP-I1 S. No. Statutory Authority Statute under which clearance is Current status at clearance required Ministry of Environment Environmental impact Assessment Clearances Obtained aoermnd t Foresnts. NotificOtion. 1994 issued under EP Act. 1986 Government ot India 2 Mizoram Pollution Water (P&CPI Act. 1974 & NoC Obtained Control Board Air (P&CP) ACt. 1981 Department of 3 Environment ond Forests Conservation Act. 1980 Clearonces obtained Forests, Government ot Mizorom 2.3. WORLD BANK REQUIREMENTS In accordance with the WB requirements for Category 'A' projects, an Independent Environmental Review has been taken up as part of the project preparation activities of MSRP-II. World Bank has formulated certain policies, which need to be complied, for it to be able to fund projects. Applicability of various World Bank Policies for the project is presented in Table 2-4. Griginci Documenr cy ICT & CES 2-2 Revisecd cnd UJpdcred by LAS.", Mizorom Stote Roads Project Phase-11 EIA for P18. June 2003 Table 2-4 Applicability of World Bank Policies for the Project S. No. World Bank Policy - Applicability Compliance measures OP/BP/GP 4.01. MSRP-11 is a category 'A' project. The corridors A detailed EIA. EMP & RAP is 1. Environmental po-s through sensitive areos and are likely to prepared for the implementation Assessment hove impocts on environmental and social of Environmental mitigotion and components. Hence the policy is triggered corrective actions Project involves acquisition of land and Resettlement Action Plan is and 2. 00 4.30: Involuntary displocement of people. Hence the policy is will be fully irnplemented. Reetlmnt tiglgered. IPDP hos been prepored to 3 O 4.20 Indigenous Most of the offected peoPle ore indigenous. mitigate the potentiolly adverse Peoples Hence the policy is triggered effects on these people due to the project. 4. Physicol Culfurol No cultural properties are being impacted. Protection of chance finds is Phyesiurcal Cultl .3)However, chance finds ond occidental impocts included in the monogement Resources (OPNtI 1.03) on the resources cannot be ruled ouf _ plan Natural Habitats (OP The proposed alignment does not poss through No impoacts envisoged. 5. a Ntural Hobitats (OP ony critical natural habitot area. The policy is Precautonary measures to ovoid 4.04) triggered due to Ttowng Riverine Reserve Forest. any impacts are incorporated into the EMP. The project hos undertaken Consultation and The project requires hoving continuous consultotion at oll stages oa 6. Disclosure interaction with the community and disclosing project preparation. Follow up Requirements (BP the project proposals when the Draft EIA is by the NGos with represenitaton 17.50) available.byteN swihrpsnaio of PIU. All draft reports have been _______ ____disclosed to the public. Safeguard policies of the World Bank that are not triggered are: a Forestry (OP 4.36) * Project in disputed areas * Pest management * Projects on International Waterways * Safety of Dams 3 Environmental Protection Act, 1986, Schedule-I specifies that for the projects falling under the 30 categories mentioned therein, EIA is a mandatory requirement to obtain Environmental clearance for the project. Original Document by ICT & CES 2-3 Revised oncd Updcared by LASA 4UaUTUOJTAU 4ups!x a *£ . / 5..w'- .( 1. j <~~~~~~1 iui SI''r' d, A Jeudau; \se15I4 5 , 1 ! t4njungo) 'I~ ~ ~ ~~.J , \ / Iqt , ( ,oz . t!^Wz < v. t 3. THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT This chapter presents the baseline information on the biophysical environment and socio-economic conditions. Information on the environmental components was generated by primary surveys conducted during project preparation and independent review, interactions at various levels with local people and other stakeholders like officials of the Forests Department. The socio-economic profile has been distilled from the R&IPDP. 3.1. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 3. 1.1. Meteorological Conditions The climate is generally pleasant with summer temperatures ranging between 180C to 320C and winter temperatures between 80C to 240C. The seasonal cycle consists of four seasons namely summer, spring, autumn and winter. The average annual rainfall recorded is 2371 mm. However, annual rainfall varies from 2000mm - 3500mm. Relative humidity in the dry season is 40% while in the monsoon period, it is about 90%. 3.1.2. Land Geology And Soil The common rocks found are sandstone, limestone, silt stone, slates and shale. The rock system is weak and unstable, prone to frequent seismic influence. The terrain seems entirely immature with regard to recent structural /geological changes in earth's crust. In general, the geomorphology of the Mizoram State Roads Project - Phase 11 area is charocterized by the presence of weathering products of typical varying thickness on original hilltops. The geo-morphological formations consist of steep hill slopes and deep valleys oriented on the topographic surface in a linear fashion. The presence of valleys and ravines show physiographic expressions of the faults or structural patterns, giving origin to different types of drainage patterns. Faulting has resulted in creation of steep faulty curves, highly dissected ranges with deep ravines, spurs etc. vulnerable to comprehensive erosion. The rocks are fractured and hence susceptible to failure during monsoon resulting in landslides. Soils vary from sandy loom, clayey loam to clay, generally mature but leached due to steep gradient and heavy rainfall. Soils are porous with poor water holding capacity. deficit in potash. phosphorous, nitrogen and humus and hence poor in productivity. The pHshows acidic to neutral reaction due to excessive leaching. The subject stretch is an old road bench and is perceptibly in a stabilised state. Some sporadic distress points viz. road cuts exhibiting mini to macro collapses on both uphill & downhill faces and quite steep slope at locations are observed. However, these do not look to be immediately vulnerable. _!_;,clOr.cr neznre b| &- g '... 3-1 .2- .ae^-! cc ; .....:;v - .5 .....1^ Mizorom Stote Roods Froject Phcse-1l -oSAS # EIA for r;3. June 2003 Mostly the derived products as observed in this stretch being cohesive, exhibit coherent faces and generally stable for the exposed heights, despite high silt content. In the above general and local scenario, this route length may be considered as it is, in a better status compared to the stretch under P i A. The recee4 notes on the project road is appended in the Annexure 3.1. Topography The entire territory of Mizoram is mostly mountainous and hilly with precipitous slopes forming deep gorges culminating into several streams and rivers. Almost all the hill ranges traverse in the North-South direction. Phawngpui or Blue Mountain is the highest peak at 2157 m whereas the lowest place is Bairabi at 40 m above Mean Sea Level (MSL). The average height of hill ranges in Mizoram is 920 m. The project road passes through hilly terrain with alternate steep slopes and deep valleys with gorges. Land Slides The terrain with fractured rock having unstable steep slopes is further weakened by heavy rain during the monsoon season resulting in landslides. Deforestation by felling of trees for timber, animal fodder requirements, removal of vegetation cover by slash and burn technique for agricultural needs are other factors for destabilization of slopes resulting in landslides. The landslide locations identified for Buangpui - Lunglei Road Phase-Il are given in Table 3.1 below. Prominent landslides at Km 140.725 and Km 141.340 are depicted in Figure 3.1 Table 3-1: Lists of Major Landslide Locations along Buangpui - Lunglei Road Phase-lI Si. No. Ch inage Si. NO. Chai nage From To From To 1 104.939 I05.00 10 119.639 119.701 2 105.369 105.431 l l 120.700 120.750 3 105.660 105.710 12 130.759 130.821 4 105.729 105.791 13 132.119 132.181 5 106.100 106.150 14 133.480 133.580 6 106.450 106.505 1 5 137.124 137.186 7 108.439 108.501 16 140.694 140.756 8 110.769 110.831 17 141.309 141.371 9 111.680 111.750 18 151.424 151.486 Quarries A number of quarry sites have been identified and aggregate samples investigated along P1B for MSRP Phase-Il. The investigations however, revealed that none of these The [ER team conducted a rapid survey in the project Corricor. C''cGI &aCGCmen; cv 'C r Y Cc; 3-2 ^e.::e^~ crc' uZccec! _-y e. ' ;dizoram State Roods Project Phose-ll EIA For PI I?B. June 2003 samples satisfied the specifications of MvoRTH for bituminous work viz. premix carpet/MSS wearing course (wherein the water absorption limit laid down is 1% max). Hence, material is availoble only from the quarries identified during MSRP Phase-I. These quarries are listed in Table 3.2. A map as shown in Figure 3.2 depicts the quarry chart. 1C~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~11 SlipaofKmn 1 40.7 25 Slip at Km 141.340 Figure 3.1: Photographs of Prominent Landslides locations Table 3-2 Identified Quarry Locations Quarry Name g Localion Tentative Yield (Cum) Zawmgekharn - km 41 on ATL-Left 200000 Sentezel - km 78.1 ) 5 - ATL - Left } 7.50.000 Forgfar - km 78.860 - ATL - Left Km 12.60 (NA) near village Samsuih Not indicated Ramrikawn, 6.0 km from Keifong towards Muolpheng 67.000 CH. 70.6 km on ATL (Left) 2,50,000 DilkawnIui -km 74+020 - ATL - Left 1,000.00 Sailam - km 66+760 - ATL - Left 600 Quarry of Mr. C. Lalduhawma IHaulawngl Km 131.9 Left 11.700 Km 57.5, 4.5 km from Hmuifang towords Sialsuk 8,300 Lungpuizowl-Duilovo II Km from Lunglei on NH-54 96.000 C Ic;ncI Dccurnen: oC. CE.. 3-3 --.: -o ad pc- ea _ '.P AMizorom State Roads Project Phase-li EIA for P 13, June 2003 & . -. S - Ai . -Aiwal 0P6 j1~.. T0h ; SoIirng t P3 Ai wI Bypass - iC,.LL~~~~~~~N -5 Thkak Bioktowng Moubu, *S04 Chh1ngch Plont Locotion O p _ /~~~~~~Lom ; I~~~~~-., \ ~~SVSU150Chom;n ob R r sd O ThentRlg '~~Q7 RS6 Chholhltlon Loo Crusher z I M SErchOP gpu; P2 ~ ~ l Mon Legend Capitol of StoteRS Stone Quorry * SQ 11 PWD, T Plont Locotion 0 L River sand 0) RS Local Crusher Priority Roads - MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT. Quarry Chart PHASE 11, PWO, GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM Figure1 LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. 3.2 N ewDelhii Original Document by ICT &CES 3-4 Revised and UplIo ted by LASA Mizcrc'm State Rocds Project Phase-it ,i~~14M~! EIA for PIS. June 2003 Borrow Pits / Areas Excess cut material produced from cutting the hillside can be used as fill where required. No additional borrow areas may be need to be opened along the entire stretch. Samples of sand from different riverbeds on testing, was found that this contained considerable amount of pebbles and gravels, which does not make it suitable for road construction. Also, the transportation cost of river sand from valleys at lower levels to the high levels, where road construction will take place, will be high. Hence, as an alternative to sand, it is proposed to use dust from sione crushers as a binder material for road construction. It can also be utilized for blending with sub-base and base course granular material. 3.1.3. Water Resources In Mizoram, major surface water sources are rivers running at the bottom of the valleys and mountain streams. Few stagnant water bodies like ponds created for human use have also been recorded along P1B. Due to the steep slope and the soil conditions, little infiltration takes place and the ground water levels are relc'ively deep. However, the quality of water is quite pristine in most locations due to absence of major sources of pollution. Surface Water and Cross Drainage Channels There are three ponds, eight waterfalls, one marshy area and one river along the Buangpui - Lunglei Rood. Out of the three ponds, the pond at Km 102.380 is a fishpond; the pond at Km 128.060 is a pond used for watering within a nursery and the pond at Km 128.120 is another private pond. A complete list of water bodies present in the project corridor is in Table 3.3. Figure 3.3 and Figure 3.4 shows location of ponds and waterfalls respectively. Table 3-3: Water bodies in P1 B No. Water body Chainage RHS/LHSs I Marshy area 100.160 LHS 2 Pond 102.380 LHS 3 Pond 128.060 LHS 4 Pond 128.120 RHS 5 Tlawng River 150.300 6 Waterfall 150.960 LHS 7 Waterfall 151.480 LHS 8 Waterfall 151.600 LHS 9 Waterfall 151.660 LHS 10 Waterfoll 151.780 LHS s Hereinafter, the LHS/RHS convention is assuming that the direction of travel is from Buangpui to Lunglei Criainol Documrent o: ICT & CES 3C5 Pelisec and Upooted ty LASA Mizorom Stale Roads Project Phase-ll EIA for PIt June 2003 No. Water body Chainage RHS/LHSs I I Waterfall 151.840 LHS 12 Waterfall 151.940 LHS 13 Waterfall t 52.200 LHS Cross-drainage Channels/Work There are 217 culverts to convey water flowing in minor streams and accumulating on the hillside during monsoon across the existing rood. However, the drainage is not adequate as sheet flow over the formation during monsoon exists. Some of the existing culverts are clogged by ubposition of soil and growth of vegetation while some are damaged due to the excessive flow and rocks and debris flowing down with it. Details of the culverts, both existing and proposed are given in the engineering design * Tlawng River Bridge Currently, a 45 m long steel bridge is available to cross the River Tlawng at Km 150.300. It is a complete steel structure with a narrow deck made out of steel plates and can allow traffic in one direction at a time. The water flow below it is unhindered since there are no piers within or outside the waterway. Ground Water and Water Harvesting The ground water potential in the Mizoram State is on the whole very low. On hilltops where most of the population lives, there is acute shortage of drinking water. The PHE department traps water from streams for piped water supply to some settlements. Hand pumps are dug at a number of locations along the corridor. However, these are, seasonal in nature and provide water mainly during rainy secson when the water table is relatively high. Pond at ChIaina~'e 126.8350 Fish Ponid at Cainama"e 101 900 Figure 3.3: Photographs of Ponds Origincl Document Dy ICT & CES 3-6 Revised and Updot2ea by LASA Mizoranm State Roods Project Phose-ll EIA for PI S. June 2003 4L4.1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Waterfall at C'haenage 151.480 WVaterfall at Chainage 1-49.400 Figure 3.4 Photographs of Prominent Waterfalls Water Quality Sample for Examining Surface water quality from river Tlawng was collected near Km 150.300. The sample was analysed at the Public Health Engineering Department, Aizawl. The results of the analysis are as given in Table 3.4 along with standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board and as per Indian Standard Drinking Water Specifications IS: 10500:19916. The results indicate that water quality parameters are within the prescribed standards, except for the high Coliform values. Table 3-4: Water Quality - Tlawng River SI.No. Water quality parameter Tlawng River water near 150.300 km Indian Drinking Water Specfications, IS I I 1 ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~10500:1994 Physical parameters I pH 6.8 6.5 to 8.5 2 Turbidity <5 NTU 5 NTU 3 Colour (Hiazen unitsl Colourless 5 4 Conductivity (in umhos/cmJ 103.6 at 17.30C 5 Odour Odourless Unobjectionable 6 Taste Tasteless Agreeable 7 Water temperature 1 70C Chemical parameters I IFluoride (mg/'l) Trace IlI 2 INitrate (mg/1l) Nil 45 3 jTotal alkalinity ppm [ 50 150 6 Drinking Water Specification IS: 10500, First Revision, (Fourth Reprint July 1990) Origmnol Document by ICT & CES 3-7 reSvised and Upootecl by LASA Mlizorom Stote Roads Project Phose-tl EIA for PI 8 June 2003 SI.No. Water quality parameter Tlowng River water near 150.300 km Indi5n Drinking Water Speciications, IS 4 Total chloride ppm Nil 250 mg/l S Total hardness ppm 60 300 mq/[ 6 Total iron ppm Trace 0.3 mg/l Bioloc icai parameters I Faecol Coliform (MPN) 2400 MPN per 100 ml sample 0 2 Totol Coliform (MPN; 2400 MPN per 100 ml sample bo MPN per 100 mnl somple or less for ' Prescribed by Indian Council of Medical Research * Prescribed by World Health Organisation # Prescribed by Central PolluHon Confrol Board Marshy Area A marshy area has been identified along the priority road PIB near Km 100.160. (Buangpui - S.Kanghmun). This land supports predominantly hydrophytes and is a breeding ground for dragonfly and other amphibians. This marshy area is about 100 m away from the road alignment. 3.1.4. Air Quality The air quality in state of Mizoram is generally pristine. This is expected because Mizoram is an industrially backward state and has lush green vegetation. Volume of the traffic on the roads is low and hence the pollutant concentration close to the roads is quite low. Air quality data measurements taken along Buangpui - Lunglei road are given in the Table 3.5. While the values of 502 and CO are below detectable limits, the values of NOx are within the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The high values of SPM in case of Lunglei market could be accounted for the temporary roadside works being undertaken during sampling. Table 3-5: Air Quality Data Locatlon & Zone Pollutant Measured Value in pg / m3 CPCB norms in pg / m' Serkown Christian Hospital 502 Not Dect.ble (N.D.) 30 Lunglei (Sensitive Zonel CO N D 3000 SPM 122.4 100 SO: N.D 90 Lunglei Market (Residential Zone) CO 14.63 2000 SPM 1167.2 200 Source: Mizoram Pollution Control Boord and PCC 3.1 .5. Noise Quality Observed noise levels along the Buangpui - Lunglei Road are presented in Table 3.6. The data shows that noise levels are slightly on higher side in comparison with the prescribed values. Adequate mitigation measures have been suggested under the section 6.4.4. These shall be followed during the project implementation. COr;cincl Document oy C' a CET 38 .Ce. red ond Upccted 3M L.A S.- 3-8A Mizoroni State Roods Project Phose-1l EIA for PIB June 2003 Table 3-6: Observed Noise Levels along Buangpui - Lunglei Road Observed Noise Levels in Prescribed Ambient Noise Quality Standards in dB Location Le ., dB (A) A)s Leq Doy Leg Night Leg Day Leg Night Serkown Christian Hospital, Lunglei 61.90 45.15 50 40 (Silence / Sensitive Zone) Lunglei market 169.094 km 715 51.5 65 55 (Commercial / Residential Zone) 7 Source: Data collected by Mizoram Pollution Control Board and PCC 3.2. ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 3.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology Flora * Forest Resources Mizoram has a large area under forest cover: over 80% of the state, admeasuring 18,388 sq. km. and is under dense, open or scrub type of forest. However, the forests are under increasing stress, due to increasing area under Jhum (slash and burn agricultural practice which follows a 5 to 8 year cycle) and increased area under plantations. The forests are classified as Protected areas, Reserve Forests, Protected Forests and Unclassified forests. None of the currently notified 7 Protected Areas (totalling 840.75 sq. km) are located adjacent to the proposed alignment. The project route passes through Reserve forests as described below. a Riverine Reserve forest The reserve forest of Tlawng was declared by the erstwhile Mizo District Council and notified in the Gazette of Assam on May 19, 1965. The notification covers 800m on either side of several rivers, including the Tlawng. PWD has obtained permission for diversion of Forest Department land from the Regional Chief Conservator of Forests' Shillong Office. * Proposed Saza Tlawng Sanctuary In early 2002, the Forest Department, Government of Mizoram, has notified its intention to declare the Saza hill and the adjoining area, along the project road on the Pukpui side; and the Tlawng River as a bird sanctuary with an area of 15 sq. km. Thus, project road PI B forms the western boundory of this proposed Saza-Tlawng sanctuary for a Leq is defined as the hypothetical steady-state sound level that contains the same amount of acoustical energy as the actual time-varying sound over a specified time interval. The day time is reckoned in between 6 AM to 10 PM while night time is reckoned in between 10 AM to 6 AM. Ambient Air Quality in respect to Noise, Schedule III, Environment Protection Rules, 1986. Or4incl Oocur,'- CES 39 ;e,:*c cr' L d c-. L- gSA AMizorom Stote Roocds Project Phose-Il EIA for PI B. June 2003 length of just over 7km. For very short stretches, less than I km in length over several locations, widening on the hillside will require land within the area proposed to be included within the sanctuary. A copy of the notification is appended to the report as Annexure 3.2. This proposal has been sent to the District Commissioner, Lunglei (an official of the Revenue Deportment) for further processing and is open for suggestions from general public9. Government of Mizoram has already notified 5m wide strip on both sides of several important roads in the state including P1 (Aizawl - Lunglei). Figure 3.5 shows the current location of the proposed sanctuary and riverine reserve in relation to the project corridor. a Roadside Trees Due to strengthening and widening of the Buangpui - Lunglei Road, a number of trees and plants are likely to the uprooted. Trees of different species having girth more than 30cm within 15 m of the existing bench were counted and tree inventory was prepared. Table 3.7 summarises the girth-wise distribution of the trees. Details including species are provided in Annexure 3.3. Table 3-7: Tree Inventory within COI of 15 m for Buangpui - Lunglei Road Chainage Girth From To G I G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 Total 100.00 110.00 548 186 102 74 32 48 28 1018 110.00 120.00 335 146 180 89 44 67 51 912 120.00 130.00 938 213 53 25 10 5 1 1245 130.00 140.00 898 467 219 1 3 6 7 5 1615 140.00 150.00 725 151 42 13 6 7 2 946 150.00 160.00 720 209 58 _ 5 2 6 1001 160.00 170.00 512 153 85 4 2 10 15 781 TOTAL 4676 1525 739 219 105 1 46 108 7518 G1= (30-60) Cm. G2=(60-90) Cm. G3=(90-120) Cm, G4=(120-150) Cm, G5=(150-180) Cm, G6=(180-270) Cm, G7=>270 Cm * Biodiversity Assessments Methodology adopted The species-richness as well as the densities of Trees and ground flora was estimated with the help of 1 m2 quadrates. with 30 replicate samples in each 1Okm section. Tree and shrub densities were estimated using the line transact method, with each Discussions with a senior Forest Department Official, during the site visit to Lunglei for the Independent Review have revealed that there is strong opposition from the locals to the proposal. Some moves are afoot to change the location to the other side of the river. However, there is no documentation available in this regard. 0rncuncl Document by !C- & CES 3.10 Pev,seo cna U;Jccrec, c;.A LASA HAULAWNG / -2------- - RIVERINE RESERVE FOREST I / \ <) <|g/\ \ / MAU~~~SEN BAILEY BRIDGE t / < BAILEY ~ X //_ PROPOSED SANCTUARY ~~~~~~~~~~Area =15 sq.Km RIVERINE RESERVE FOREST PUKPUI \ ZOTLANG| SERKAW )/ ZN~OHNUAI _ LUNGLEI SLNC P MACURS SYMOL 01. PROJECT RBAD c1. RIMR TLAWNf 0 BO3UlD IEY oF RuVuFm I 0s. rov"r nov 1 I 1. 04. VILAOI AMU& ENVEIRNMENT AND FOREST DEPT PROJECT ROAD. PROPOSED SANCTUARY AND RIVERINE RESERVE PMI, GOVERNMENT OF ASZOROET GOVERNMENT OF laZORAM PD OENETO IOA I LEA ASSOCIATES SOUTH ASIA PVT.LTD lkm . 0 1 2km Figure _ (IASA). NEW DELHI AMizorom Stote Roods Project Phose-ll EIA for P 18. June 2003 longitudinal traverse of lOOm, and 10 replicate samples were taken in each section. Besides, the valley slope and floor were scanned with a powerful binocular to note the presence of any rare species of plant. Besides species-richness and density component, the diversity of the plant communities was also measured. Species diversity index was measured using the Menhinick's diversity index, and uniformity with relative frequency using the following formulae: D =- Where D= Menhinick's diversity index, S= Number of species and N=Number of individuals. Uniformity was estimated as: Number of point of occurrences of a species R. F. - Total number of points taken for all species X 100, where R.F. is relative frequency The Diversity was also measured using the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index and calculated using the following formulae: Shannon-Wiener Index of Diversity, H = -E pi log pi Where, pi = ni/N, ni = number of individuals of the ith species, N = total number of individuals of all the species The indices were employed to get a comprehensive, easily comparable, and quantitative estimate of the diversity of the plant community. Inventory of floral diversity Assessment along P 1 B (Buangpui-Lunglei) Road An inventory of the flora diversity along the proposed road from Buangpui to Lunglei is provided in Table 3.8. Table 3-8: Inventory of Floral Biodiversity along priority project road (Buangpui-Lunglei) Section Chainage Location Description 1. 100.00- Buangpui to This stretch of the project corridor has 20 species of trees and 43 species 105.00 Kanghmun of herbs and shrubs including Costus Speciosus. The diversity as reflected in the Menhinick's diversity index is 1.32 tor trees, 1.64 for herbs and shrubs, while Shannon-Weiner index are 2.89 for trees and 3.12 for shrubs and herbs. The frequency, abundance and density of difterent plant communities can be seen at Annexure 3.4 & 3.5. In this section Costanopsis tribuloides has highest- density among trees. and between shrub & herb Soccharum longisetosum has highest density. Cyathea spp. has density of 0.1. It may be noted that highest Menhinick's diversity index for shrub & herb has been recorded here. 2. 105.00- S. Kanghmun to This stretch of the project corridor has 22 species of trees and 14 species 110.380 Ramloitui of herbs and shrubs. The diversity as retlected in the Menhinick's diversity index is i.30 for trees, 0.64 for herbs and shrubs while Shannon-Weiner Originol Document by ICT & CES 3-12 Re,ised ono Updated by LASA .W O1 Mizoram Stole Rcods Pro;ect Phose-ll E,A for PI18, June 2003 Section Chainage Location Desciptlon index are 2.95 for trees and 2.28 for Herbs and shrubs. The frequency. abundonce and density of different plant Communities can be seen at Annexure 3.6 & 3.7. In this section Sourouia nopoulensis has highest density. One endangered species of orchid. vondai coreulea (locol name Lawvhleil has been identified ot chainage 111.320 (Ramloifuil. 3. 110.380- Ramalaitui to This stretch of the project corridor has 24 species of trees and 35 species 117.460 Sekhum of herbs ond shrubs. The diversity as reflected in the Menhinick's diversity index is 1.38 for trees. 1.40 fOr herbs and shrubs while the Shannon-Weiner index are 2.98 for trees and 3.01 for herbs ond shrubs respectively. The frequency. abundance ond density of different plant communities can be seen at Annexure 3.8 & 3.9. In this section Schimo wotlichi and Duabonga grondiflora hove highest density among trees, and among shrub and herb sacchorum longisetosum has highest density. Cya-ea spp has density of 0.13. 4. 117.460- Sekhum to N. This stretch of the project corridor has 29 species of trees and 23 species 120.940 Mualthuam of herbs and shrubs. The diversity as reflected in the Menhinick's diversity index is 1.89 for trees, 0.92 for herbs and shrubs. The Shonnon-Weiner index recorded for trees is 3.28 and 0.95 for herbs and shrubs. The frequency, abundance and density of different plant communilies can be seen at Annexure 3.10 & 3.11. In this section Lithocarpus xylocarpo has highest density among trees, and among shrub and herb Sacchcrum /ongisetosum has highest density. It may be noted that highest ______________ .Menhinick s diversity index far tree has been recorded here. 5. 120.940- N. Mualthuam to This stretch of the project corridor has 23 species of trees and 23 species 127.640 Haulowng of herbs and shrubs. The diversity os reflected in the Menhinick's diversity index is 1.66 for trees, 1.13 for herbs and shrubs. The Shannon-Weiner index for trees is 3.03 and 2.81 for herbs and shrubs. The frequency, abundance and density of different plant communities can be seen at Annexure 3.12 & 3.13. In this section Moccrongo indica has highest density. 6. 127.640- Houlowng to This stretch of the project corridor has 25 species of trees and 33 species 137.700 Mausen of herbs and shrubs. The diversity as reflected in the Menhinick's diversity index is 1.71 for trees. 1.24 for herbs and shrubs while Shannon-Weiner index measured are 3.12 for trees and 3.24 for herbs ond shrubs. The frequency, abundance and density of different plant communities can be seen at Annexure-3.14 & 3.15. In this section Castanopsis tribuloides hcs highest density among trees, and between shrub & herb Mikonia micrantho has highest density. Cyothec spp has density of 0.63. 7. 137.700- Old Mousen to This stretch of the project corridor has 25 species of trees and 34 species 164.040 Pukpui of herbs and shrubs. The diversity as reflected in the Menhinick's diversity index is 1.82 for trees. 1.35 for herbs and shrubs; while Ihe Shannon-Weiner index for trees is 3.10 and 2.94 for herbs and shrubs. The frequency, abundance and density of different plant communities con be seen at Annexure - 3.16 & 3.17. In this section Duabonga grondiflora has highest density omong trees, and between shrub and herb Socchorum longiserosum hcs highest density. Cyotheo spp has density of 0.03. The' _______ proposed Saza Tlowng bird sanctuary is located in this stretch. The biodiversity assessment survey identified 69 species of herbs and shrubs (see Annexure 3.18), 45 species of trees (Annexure 3.19) and 26 species of ethno-medicinal plants (Annexure 3.20) along the Buangpui to Lunglei road. The Annexure may be referred for uses of ethno - medicinal plants by the local people. The overall biodiversity indices for trees and combined shrubs and herbs are given in the Table 3.9 below. Table 3-9: Overall Bio-Diversity indices for Trees and Shrubs & Herbs Combined Road Location Categories Number of Total Number oa Overall Overall Shannon- Section Species Individucls oa All Menhinick's Weiner's Index .Species Index 100.000- Buangpui - Trees 20 229 1.32 2.89 105.000 S.Kanghmun Shrubs & Herbs 43 686 1.64 3.12 ._______ ___ _ Trees 22 286 1.30 2.95 Of;ginal Docurnenr by ICT & CES 3-13 Revised ona, Updated oy L,:SA. Mizorom State Roods Project Phose-11 EIA for P 18. June 2003 Road Location Categories Number ot Total Number of Overall Overall Shannon- Section Species Individuals of All Menhinick's Weiner's Index Species Index 105.00- S. Kanghmun- Trees 22 286 1.30 2.95 110.380 Romlaitui 1I0.080- S.Ramngftuijn- Shruts6atierbs 24 10D 0.38 2.28 1 10.380 wtttiaioti Shrubs & Herbs 35 622 1.40 3.09 117.460- Sekhum- Trees 29 237 1.88 3.28 120.940 N.Mualthuam Shrubs & Herbs 23 583 0.95 2.81 120.940- N.Muolthuam - Trees 23 192 1.66 3.03 127.640 Houlawng Shrubs & Herbs 23 416 1.13 2.81 127.640- Houlowng - Trees 25 213 1.71 3.12 137.700 Mousen Shrubs & Herbs :^ 708 1.24 3.24 Trees 25 189 1.82 3.10 Shrubs & Herbs 34 638 1.35 2.94 0 Riparian Flora An extensive biodiversity assessment on the riparian ecology of the river Tlawng near 150.300km is conducted as port of updation of reports. This survey was done as the area around Tlawng has been declared as Riverine Reserve Forest (discussed in the preceding sections). The forests around the river Tlawng can be mainly classified as tropical moist deciduous forest type. These forests are heavily degraded as a result of shifting cultivation; secondary forests have been regenerated in the form of extensive bamboo bushes. The dense or climax forests are quite far away from the riverine reserve area of Tlawng. The forests along the slopes are mainly seral in nature and dominated by bamboo. Methodology adopted The species as well as the densities, frequency and abundance of herbs and shrubs were estimated randomly with the help of 2m2 least-count quadrate with 30 replicate samples in the project area. Tree densities, frequency and abundance were also estimated using the line transect method, with each longitudinal traverse measuring a distance of I OOm in which 20 replicate samples were taken randomly in the study area.- Inventory of floral diversity Assessment along River Tlawng A total number of 35 species of herbs and shrubs and 26 species of trees were found in the adjoining area of the riverbanks. The riparian vegetation was composed mainly of Ageretum conyzoides, Saccharum sp., Cynodon dactylon, Mikonia micrantha and Imperata cylindrico species. The highest Menhinick's index of 0.26 was shown by Melocanna baccifera and Mikonia microntha. The total Menhinick's index and Shannon-Weiner Index as shown by the herbs and shrubs are 0.91 and 2.91 respectively. Similarly for trees the total Menhinick's index and Shannon-Weiner Index are 2.32 and 2.86 respectively. The species list along with the density abundances and indices are shown in Annexure 3.21. No endangered or rare species were reported during the survey. Origincl Doc ument by ICT & CES 3.14 Revised and Udoated by LASA ! Mizorom Stote Roods Project Phose-Ht EIA !ur( P 18. June 2003 * Rare and Endangered Plant Species During biodiversity survey along the Buangpui-Lunglei road, endangered tree fern (Cyothea spp) was found at a number of locations all throughout the project corridor. These locations are 110.140 (S. Kanghmun - Ramlaitui), 111.680, 111.900, 112.680, 115.700, 117.420 (Ramlaitui - Sekhum), 134.206, (Haulawng - Mausen), 138.020, 139.860, 140.020, 1 40.040, 140,300, 140.455, 142.100, and 151.320 (Mausen - Lunglei). This tree fern despite being included as endangered species by the IUCN is found everywhere in the Jtr--e of Mizoram and may not be threatened by the road construction. Figure R.6 shows photograph of the Cyathea spp. taken on National Highway 54. Other than Cyothea spp.. Vanda coeruleo has been located at chainage 111.320 and proper measures are to be taken to protect the orchid. Figure 3.6: Photograph of Cyathea spp. On NH 54 * Important Biodiversity Areas The biodiversity survey identified Important Biodiversity Area based upon the condition of the existing ecosystem and the biodiversity indices. The reasons for choosing these areas as IBA are: > The biodiversity indices are the highest, therein suggesting the existence of greater diversity of species. > The existence of endangered species viz. Cyothec spp. in large numbers. A The existence of the Riverine reserve forest of Tlawng. ' The proposed Sozo-Tlowng Bird Sanctuary is located in the area. These areas are to be protected from unauthorised disposal of debris (other than at sites identified and listed in Table no. 6.7and 6.9.) and other activities. These iBAs are Originci Documenr bv ICT & CES 3-15 ReviseC onnc Lioco;eo by LAU'- ;Mizorom State Rocds Project Phose-it 'EA for Pi B. June 2003 mainly located within 11 7.460 to 120.940 i.e., Sekhum and N. Muaithum and 127.640 to 157.900 i.e., Haulawng to Pukpui. The IBAs are: 100.110 to 100.210, ii. 111.630 to 11 1.750, iii. 1 1 7.370 to 11 7.470, iv. 137.770 to 138.870. v. 139.81 0 to 140.090 and vi. 149.980 to 157.900 Fauna . Invertebrates Species of 'dragon flies' are reported to exist along the project road. The marshy area (100.1 60km) is a reported breeding ground for 'dragon flies'. Amphibians and Reptiles The marsh at Km 100.160 has dense aquatic Macrophyte and is reported to be a breeding ground of amphibians. 0 Birds The biodiversity survey reported 19 species of birds in the project area. Out of these species only one endangered species, the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) has been reported in the vicinity of the proposed Soza-Tlawng Sanctuary area. The bird species reported within the project area are listed in the Table 3.10. Table 3-10: Bird species reported within the Project area Chainage Location Species sighted 100.00- Buangpui to Hypsipetes flovolus, Dicoeum concolor, Megoloimo osiatico. Rhipiduro 105.00 Kanghmun albicollis and Pycnonotus melanicterus. 105.00- S. Konghmun to Rhipidura albicolfis Pyconotus metanicterus. Enicurus schistoceus, i 10.380 Ramlaitui Arachnothera mogno, Lonchura striota. Anthus hodgson and Phoenicophaeus tristis hove been sighted. 110.380- Ramolaifui to Dendrocitta formosoe and Aethopygo gouvdiae 1 17,460 Sekhum 117.460- Sekhum to N. Garrulax delesserti 120.940 Mualthuam 120.940- N. Muolthuam to Hypsipetes flovalus. 127.640 Haulowng 127.640- Haulowng to Hypsipetes flavolus, Rhipiduro alticollis, Muscicapo sundora, Pycnonotus 137,700 Mousen jOcosus. Zosterops poloebrosa, Orthotomus cucultatus. Arachmothero mogna, Enicurus schistaceus and Pycnonotus melanicterus 137.700- Mousen to Streptopellio chinesis and Pycononotus melonicterus The existence of 164.040 Lunglei Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) at Sozo hill (near Pukpui village) is reported. Onrginoi Document by ICT & CES 3-16 Revised and Updated by LASA . 3-16 MizorOm State Roads Project Phase-l1 EIA for PI 8, June 2003 . Mammals The project corridor forms the western boundary of the proposed Saza-Tlawng Sanctuary, which is supposed to house endangered species like the Sozo (Capricornis sumotroensis), Leopard (Panthera sp.) slow loris, Chinese pangolin (Manis pentodactyla), hoolock gibbon, etc., besides a host of other mammalian species. But during the survey no rare or endangered mammalian species were noticed and reported in the project area. 3.2.2. Aquatic ecology Flora During the biodiversity survey, Green algae (Chlorophyta) like Ulothrix spp. and Fontinolis spp. were identified among the phytoplankton. No aquatic plant species, which are endangered, threatened or rore, were reported during the period of the survey. Fauna e Fish survey on the River Tlawng The fish survey on the river Tlawng was done as port of assessing the biodiversity in the declared Riverine Reserve Forest. The objective of the survey was to identify the possible negative impacts of the construction of the bridge and widening of the PIB within the Reserve forest on the fish species, identify existence of rare or endangered species, if any within the study area and to draw inference on the condition of the aquatic ecosystem. Photographs of the flora and faunal survey on the river Tlawng are given in Figure 3.7. Methodology adopted for fish sampling: Random experimental fishing was done in the lotic water of Tlawng by local made fishing net of 152 x 900 cm. at upstream and downstream of the proposed construction site of bridge for a period of one week. The sizes of the aperture of the local nets that had been used were 1.0 x 1.0 cm, 11/2 x 11/2 cm and 3.0 x 3.0 cm respectively. Altogether, 6 stations were made for random sampling for a period of one week and of which percentage; average weight and size of each species were determined from the total number of collected specimens. In addition, water sampling was also done to know the physio-chemical characteristics of water of the study area. The average depth of Tlawng River is 98cm, while 196cm was recorded as deepest. Inventory of floral diversity Assessment along River Tlawng During the ichthyological survey only three species of fish could be found and collected, viz, Puntius ticto, Amblypharyngodon mola and Channa striotus. The presence of some species like, Mastacembelus armatus, Barbus tor tor, Chonna Origincl Document t.y ICT & ces 3-17 Revised and U,odcred Dy LASA Mflzorom State Roads Project Phose-li E)A for P18, June 2003 orientalis, Xenentodon concitl, Chondo manarays, Notopterus chitola, Noemacheilus spp., Puntius filamentosus, Morcena thyroidoe, etc. were reported to be found by the local fisher flock which generally reappear during rainy season. The fish species identified are common and found all over the country. During the study, 52 fishes were collected and Puntius ticto was the dominant species. Thus, the percentage, average weight and size of each species were determined from the total number of collected specimens. By mere observation, only fingerlings of Puntius ticto can be sighted at different stations. Below is a fish sampling data sheet. P= ~~~~~~ . ~ ~ --- -..' Fish Survey at Tlawng River Riparian Floral Survey at Banks of Tlawng River Figure 3.7: Floral and Faunal Survey at Tlawng River Table 3-11: Fish sampling data sheet No. Name of Species Total Average length (in Average weight (in Perceniage from grand total ._____ _ count cm) gm) count 1. Puntius ticto 50 5cm 6gm 96.15 2. Amdiyphoryngodon 8cm 1Ogm 1.92 3. Channo strictus 1 4cm 40gm 1.92 Grand totol count 52 Note: The total length of a fish is measured from the tip of the snout to the end of the iail fin. Original Document by 'CT S CES 3-18 Revised oncl Updcred cv LASA Mizorom Stote Roads Project 'hose-fl EIA for PIS, June 2003 The survey didn't find any spawning grounds within the study area. On analysing the fish sampling data, the collected specimens cannot be in any way categorized as abundant, rare, threaten or endangered. * Other Aquatic Fauna Other than the fish species the ichthyological surveys identified Larva and adults of various benthic micro invertebrates and large colonies of tadpoles during installation of the nets. Calls of frogs were also heard during the night and evening. A number of avian species (water fowls) e.g., Kingfisher were also identified by sighting and cails during installing the nets. Origincl Document by ICT & CES 3-19 Revised and UrrJdted by LGSA 1W 94 uopw4innsuo 4wniutuo;) s- r', c /I fit' ,'<:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,rb,e CZ T41 ~ ~ ,,-P40rl ..*>eS y d I I%'t.SLFdli?-d 1A'; 5 -=$/ 71 prg ( r-CJ eJad; ;l "~~~~~I. 4. COMMUNITY CONSULTATION Extensive Community Consultation has been taken up during the Environmental and Social Assessment for MSRP. Building on the phase I feedback on the documentation aspects of consultation sessions, increased attention on recording the information generated during the Phase II sessions has led to substantial inputs into the project preparation - including influencing design. This chapter documents the issues that are close to the community. their aspirations and their addressal by the project. Information source for the chapter has been the similar documentation as part of the R&IPDP, with the social team conducting these sessions. A three-stage consultation process has been followed in the project. The first two stages of consultation with the people have already been carried out during the pre- design stage and the post-design verification stage. The follow up consultation program would be conducted during the implementation of the project by the NGOs. The objectives of consultation sessions, the procedure adopted and the outputs of the consultation conducted have been briefly described in the following sections. 4.1. PRE-DESIGN CONSULTATION PROCESS 4.1. 1. Objective The pre-design consultations were conducted by 'the PCC. Objectives of the consultation were: e Information dissemination on the Project; a Identification of stakeholders in the project: and 0 Identification of issues of the stakeholders concerning the project. 4.1.2. The Process Several tools for consultation were applied and the views, suggestions and the concerns of the community with respect to the project were obtained. The following paragraphs describe the consultation process in detail. The consultation process established for the project employed a range of formal and informal consultation tools including, in depth interview with key informants, village meetings, workshops and door-to-door personal contacts. Consultation sessions were held with: e Heads of the households likely to be impacted; o Members of the households likely to be impacted; * Clusters of PAPs; . Villagers: e Village Council Presidents; * Local voluntary organisations, and CBOs/NGOs; a Government agencies and departments; Ofiginci Document by ICT & CES 4-1 Revised ond UpdOted by L4SA Mizorom Stote Roods Project Phase-1l - EIA for PI B. June 2003 Other project-stakeholders, such as women, prominent persons from the villages (such as teachers, health workers, doctors). All households were covered under the initial rounds of consultation (door-to-door personal interviews). The household level consultations were carried out with the help of a checklist prepared and circulated in advance to the various groups through the Village Council Presidents. Village level meetings (See Table 4.1) were also conducted. The information regarding the meeting schedule was announced over the Public Address System'°. Table 4-1: Participation in Consultation Meetings Project Impacted Questionnaire Based Surveys Group Discussions Villages Male | Female Male Female Priority Road (P1 B) Kanghmun 0 0 16 1 Ramlaitui 7 I 49 5 Sekhum 2 0 2 0 Muolthuam 5 2 13 0 Haulawng 4 1 90 7 Mausen 2 0 1 0 Pukpui I1 18 1 Zotlang I 0 44 8 Lunglei I 0 2 0 4.1.3. Issues Raised During Consultations The issues of the community in the Project Impacted Villages were compiled on the basis of questionnaire based surveys and group discussions. Table 4.2 summarises the questionnaire-based issues. The questionnaire-based surveys were conducted during October and November 20011". The group discussions were conducted on 5th and 6th November 2001. Table 4.3 gives the issues raised during the discussions. Both specific, issues of villages and common issues raised by the villagers have been described. 4.1.4. Perceived Impacts In almost all meetings, the villagers seem to take their environmental resources for granted. None of the impacts on natural resources identified by the project team were perceived to be a significant. In fact, their perception of important issues focused more on the socio-economic aspects of the proposed development - reduced travel time between two most important cities of the state, timely and fair payment of '0 Each village in Mizoram has a Public Address System. I I(The filled in questionnaires were collected on 4th to 6th & 81h to I0th, 271h, 29tn and 31s during the month of October and on P. 4th to 6'h during the month of November 2001 I Originol Dccurne-:t by ICT & CES 4-2 Revi.ed cnd Updoted by LASA 1W.i9 Mizorom Stote Roads Project Phase-lt , ,~* EIA for PI B. June 2003 compensation, etc. The only environmental issues, which were mentioned, albeit for their social impacts, were the blasting and its impacts as well as disposal site locations, additional disposal for leveling and future use of such locations. Another issue raised was the impacts on the Christian Hospital and the Church at Serkawn. Here too, the concern was due to the impacts on the patients and worshippers. The overall summary of the issues perceived important by the roadside population is summorised below. Table 4-2: Questionnaire Based Issues and Responses Issues Raised J Response Priority Road (P1 B) Awareness about the Mizoram State About 50% people were aware about the MSRP Phase 11. Roads Project. Commercial activities relating to Most of the population depends on agricultural products. However, agricultural and forest products. some people depend on handicraft and forest products; Majority of people were of the view that implementation of the project shall bring about; Change to horticulture and cash crops from the tribal Jhum; Economic and efficient movement of agricultural/ Economic and Environnentalbene forest/Industrial products between production centres and Economic and Environmental benefits of market; the projectmakt Improved and increased accessibility to major towns/business centers and public facilities; Promotion of tourism and private investment; and Increase in community benefits such as access to roadside public amenities and improvement in connectivity to the village. Type of forest products available People almost from all villages were of the view that there is (bamboo, medicinal/aromatic scope of such activities like horticulture, pisciculture, sericulture lb nts); in their village and that scope for undertaking these activities plants.; will be further augmented by the implementation of the project. In almost all villages rural development programs existed and Awareness regarding information about 50% villagers were aware regarding the same; about Government Programme (e.g. Government poverty alleviation schemes have benefited social forestry) village people financially to buy machinery, house materials and agricultural implements. Labour for project implementation. Agriculture is the primary occupation followed by service and labour. Skilled and unskilled labour would be available for project implementation. Health issues like spreod of water Most prevailing disease in the project area is malaria. Few HealthoIssuesnlike diseases, ofTwa cases of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and HIV, drug borne diseases. STD/HIV abuse have also been reported. Medical facilities available for awareness . dnd avalability of health such diseases ore at Primary Health Center. facilities. Most villagers reported that there are no child labour problems Child Labour and impact on women in their village and that there will be no adverse impact on women of the area during construction and implementation of the project. Source of drinking water supply in most villages is through Drinking water Availability. Government piped water supply or by rainwater harvesting which is usually not sufficient for the whole year. or:;r<:u; Document by IC, & CES 4-3 Re. ,sec ond Updc!ed by LASA Mizorom State Roads Project Phos.-tt ' . ' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EIA forPI18, 2, rie 2003 0~.. Issues Raised Response With regard to cultivation, the villagers are aware of the adverse impacts of Jhum (slash and burn) cultivation (i.e. Awareness of the negative impact of damage land and forests, kills animals and is a source of air Jhum cultivation, pollution) and were willing to switch over to settled type of cultivation. As for as shifting of structures from the edge of the road was Willingnes to shift structurestoasafeconcerned the people were divided equally, while 50% were of Willingness to shift structures to a safe the opinion that structures should not be shifted, the other 50% distance from road edge. wanted these to be shifted at a short distance from the village to a safer place. Locations for water harvesting Villoge people gave suggestions regarding construction of Locstions for water harvesting tonks for water harvesting and disposal of waste material structures. outside the village. As for as the impact of the construction workers on the village is concerned, the villagers expressed that the construction camps. should be sited away from the villoge and that both Locations of labour camps. positive and negative impocts are expected. Most villagers were of the opinion that both skilled and non-skilled workers could be made available from their villages for the project. During the construction period, most villagers were of the opinion that traffic should be allowed to move in one direction Traffic safety measures at a time. Villagers were of the opinion that for safety of Traffic ,afety measures children, women, pedestrians and other non-motorised carts of the village, it is essential to put up speed breakers at the entry and exit points of the village along with appropriate signages. (a) Positive Impacts 0 The project would accelerate development of trade and commerce, which in turn would lead to an overall increase in the standard of living in the villages. 0 The project would enable the people to save time, money and fuel. * Travelling to places like Lunglei and Aizawl for medical treatment would be easier. * PAPs would be able to sell agricultural products more profitably as improved road condition will enable access to a wider market area. More villages would be able to sell perishable goods to the urban centres (which is difficult now due to the long travel time). * More individual households would be able to open small roadside businesses (such as provision shops, 'vehicle repairing' shops, restaurants) to increase their income. * Influx of tourists and visitors would help the local entrepreneurs. * Value of land will increase after the project is implemented. e Communication with other villages and urban areas will be improved. (b) Negative Impacts v The PAPs were apprehensive about just and timely payment of compensation by the Government. People were assured that all possible, and feasible actions would be taken up to ensure that such issues do not arise in the project. They were informed about the compensation and assistances that would be given to them against loss of assets. land and livelihood. Original Document by ICT S CES 4-4 Revised and Updote.d by LASA a p£D Mizoram State Roods Project Phase-Il EIA for P 18. June 2003 Table 4-3: Group Discussion Based Issues and Responses Village Environmental i Social Issues Raised By The Patilcipants Responses from project officials Community Structures Kinghimlun Konghmun playground is situated on the hillside of the road. It is felt After the finalization of detailed engineering for Phase-l1 project, it has that it will be destrucfed it the road is widened. What will be the been ascertained that the Kanghmun playground is not being remedial measure to be taken? atfected. Rcintaitui If Ramlaitui Community Hall is demolished, will it be compensated? It would be compensated and relocated. Design________________________________ Kanghmun The grode of the approach road at Konghmun village is better than This proposal may be submitted to the Project Director PWD, who may the existing road and it is felt that its construction cost will be more initiate the survey to compare and select the better one. than the existing and will be more beneficial for the villagers. Will it be possible to re-align the existing road to the approach road? Pukpui How will you reconstruct steep gradient of the existing road especially From the Engineering Survey Report it will be determined if the rood TIlwng River to Pukpui? gradient is within permissible limit and it it is not it will be constructed accordingly. Several locationis If any approach road from main road is destructed, what are the The contractor will reconstruct the approach road in the nost remedial meosures to be laken? beneficial way for the user. There is monetary provision for this in the ._______._______.__ proiect. Several localions What type of road is to be constructed? Will the existing side drain Intermediate lone road measuring 7.1 m formation width and 5.5 m and culvert be reconstructed? width block topping will be constructed. The existing side drains. culverts and Bridges will be restored and new ones wilt be constructed .________________ _ .wherever necessary Several locations Will it be possible to widen the busy area of village road than the It will depend on the attitude of the villagers. other? Several locations What type of stones should be used for pavement? It will be as per the specifications of the design. Environmental Issues Several locationis It was decided that the earth spoil would be disposed off at the It the situation arises, utmost care and maximum precaution will be identified disposal sites, but in certain cases it could be necessary to taken and sholl be the responsibility of the contractor, whose work will blast up the rock, which may cause damage to the volley side be supervised by the Supervision Consultants. DroDerties. If so, what are the remedial measures to be taken? Several locations Fountain which is the water source of the village situated on the down All the earth spoil will be disposed off at the identified disposal sites after hill side ot the rood will be filled with earth spoil during construction. ensuring that there is no damage to community structures like water Whit will be the remedial measure to be taken? fountoins. The Construction Supervision Team is there to ensure that no damage is done to water sources and will ensure that remedial measures are taken if this is inevitable. Severcl locations As mentioned a disposal ground for earth spoil has been selected with At present, final decision cannot be made regarding this matter. The the intention of constructing Playground, Bus stand etc. If the earth contractor can be requested. But the implications have to be decided spoil is not sufficient, will it be possible to fill the remaining portion? on a case-to-case basis. Original Document by ICT & CES 465 Revised and Updated by LASA Mizorom State Roads Project Phase-tI EIA for Pi B, June 2003 Village Environmental & Social Issues Raised By The Participants Responses from project officials Several locations In the questionnaire you had asked whether there was site for debris Debris mainly refers to the earth spoil or excess cut material. disposal. We would like to know what debris meant? Several locations The community has planted Banyan and other trees on the roadside. It is speculated that no plantation will be damaged because of the Will this plantation be damoged? construction, but if it is damaged it will be compensated as per provisions in the EMP. Seikown Serkown Church and Hospital are situated besides the road. When A retaining woll. 6m high is being constructed in the area over the the trattic increases, it will be a problem for worshippers and polients. existing boundary wall. Ihis will reduce the noise in the church What are the remedial meosures to be taken? considerably. Utility Re~location _______________________________ _______________________________ Mousen ; The road construction will damoge the water pipe about 3 km at 1 The contractor will reconstruct any damages that may be caused due | Mausen villoge. Will it be possible to construct this domage? to construction Construction Activities and Prl ect Implementation Severol locations Where will the construction begin? It will begin at ditferent places as soon as the contract is awarded. Several locations When the actual execution of work will start? Up to what stages this Phase-I is expected to start between March to April 2002 and Phase-Il is project include? expected to start atter a lapse ot one year. The work envisages widening of carrioge way and its geometric improvement, rebuilding the pavement to structurolly sound design, construction ot bridges anc culverts, side drains, slope protection works. Safety of structure during con truction Several locations Has any provision been made for buildings on the hillside of the road, A team of experts will initiate a survey and remedial measures will be which are not damaged during construction but may be taken up such as construction otreaining wall. Brest woll etc. wherever dangerous/instable? necessary. Comlpensation Several locations Wilt the compensation be awarded before construction? Yes Several locations If the house is to be shifted, will the site for the new house be According to the World Bank policy, if any house is destructed, a new developed? house whose value is not less than the previous one is to be constructed. Several locations When will the special committee for compensation be formed? It will be formed after the survey report has been finalized. Several locations How will you assess the building for compensation, if only a small The whole building will be assessed for compensation, but only the portion ot the building is to be damaged? required land tor widening the road will be acquired and compensated, not the whole land. Jand Acquisition Se.veral locations In the beginning of the project study, it is mentioned that 20 m of the Only the required portion along the roadside will be acquired tor the __ .land along the roadside will be acquired. Is it still intended? construction. Original Document by ICT & CES 4-6 Revised and Updated by LASA 4-6 Al& ,; Mizoram Stote Roads Project Phose-11 EtA for P18, June 2003 0 There were apprehensions about timely completion of the project and the quality control mechanism. The implementation schedule and arrangements, including the procurement of supervision consultants and technical auditors were explained to the people: 0 Dust and debris due to hill cutting and the adverse impacts on the valley side were the important concerns raised by the community. Appropriate precautions need to be taken for the safety of structures on the valley side. o There were apprehensions of an increase in landslides due to the cutting of hillside slopes and the trees. o The project might increase the chances of vehicular accidents since traffic in general would increase after the project is completed. 4.2. POST-DESIGN CONSULTATION The Independent Environment Review team conducted the post design appraisal of the issues raised by the community. The process adopted for the appraisal includes: 8 On site assessment of issues raised by the community: o Discussions with the stakeholders on specific issues: 8 Integration of community issues with the mitigation strategies: and v Design Response to the issues raised. The post-design consultation was restricted to specific issues raised by the villagers in the light of the proposed design for the project corridor. The site visits were conducted between 9th and 13th January 2003. The issues have been detailed in Table 4.4 along with the design response to these issues has been given. Follow up consultations shall be conducted with the final designs displayed for the public 4.3. FOLLOW UP CONSULTATION PROGRAMME The follow up consultation process is conducted by the NGO with the objective of involving the stakeholders in every stage of project implementation. It involves two components viz, information disclosure and continuous consultation with the PAPs and roadside communities where appropriate. 4.3.1. Information Disclosure The Phase 11 EA documents will be disclosed at each of the project-affected villages, for the benefit of the interested community, and the stakeholders. The reports would be kept at a community place so that it is accessible to all the villagers. The report will also be available, with the PWD headquarters at Aizawl and the PIU office at Aizawl. The report from these places will be available to the public on request for reference. PWD project implementation unit office will provide actual information on policies and other rehabilitation action plan to the people, on a regular basis. Original Document by icT & CES 4-7 Revisea and Updoted by LASA Mizoram Stote Roods Project Phose-l1 EIA forPI8, June 2003 Also, the PAPs would be informed by the NGO of the final project design and the solutions devised for the issues raised by them during the earlier stages of consultation. Table 4.4 gives the issues and the design responses which need to be disclosed to the villagers. 4.3.2. Continued Consultation As part of the continued consultation program, the following actions are proposed: a The NGO involved in implementation of the R&IPDP will organise public meetings, and will appraise the communities about the progress in the implementation of R&R and Environmentali works as required. * The functions of Grievance Redressal Committees (GRCs) through which the project road traverses should be explained to the PAPs. The representatives of the PAPs will be associated with the committee. * The resettlement sites, other amenities and facilities to be made available to the PAPs will be disclosed to them in consultation sessions. * The NGO will organise public meetings to inform the community about the entitlements and provisions under the project. Regular update of the progress of resettlement component of the project (summary version of the report submitted by the NGO) will be placed for public display at PIU office. * All monitoring and evaluation reports of the R&R components of the project will be disclosed in the some manner as suggested in this R&IPDP report. Table 4.5 summorises the important aspects of continued community participation in the project. Though the focus is on implementation of R&R issues, it is expected that the NGO selected for the plantation component will continue to provide key inputs to the entire consultation process, either on its own, or through the PIU. O'gincl Document by {CT & CES 4-8 Revised onai Updated bY LASA ! W Mizoram State Roods Project Phose-ti EIA for P1 B, June 2003 Table 4-4: Specific Issues Raised by the Community Location Issue Design Response Protection of Community Assets Ramlaitui Village at The review team during site visit received a representation from The design team has agreed to the suggestion and hence, the road Existing Choinage Km the community to save a community holl and its compound to widening would now be shifted to the valley side thereby causing no 110.440 be affected even if requires dismantling of private residential damage to the community hall. Further, no additional structures would structures on the other (valley) side. be affected. Noise Pollution School at Ramiaitui at The village community during the site verification by the review A noise barrier wall has been proposed for the Government Middle Existing Choinoge Km team raised the issue of the location of the school along the School at Ramlaitui. The proposed noise barrier wall shall be of 2m 1 1.260 corridor. They felt that the increased traffic on the road would heights. The contractor as per the direction and satisfaction of the cause noise pollution and horm to the students. Construction Supervision Consultant shall build the wall. The specifications and budgetary provisions for the same has been made in the EMP. Christian Hospital. The hospital authority and the church raised the issue of junction At the Christian Hospital, a design involving improvement of the existing Serkown improvement, and noise pollution to the hospital with the review junction, noise barriers such as rows of plants of different heights to team during the site verification. block noise. It is also proposed to make it aesthetically look more pleasing, taking into consideration some minor improvements requested by the Church Officials. (Refer Figure 6.9 and 6.10 in chopter 6 of the EIAj Safety Lunglei Town Area Need for a footpath in the Bazaar Veng section of the project. A 1.2 m wide footpath has been provided towards the valley side. Bills .______ _ of quantities and specific drawings have been prepared for the some. Community Structures Kanghmun Kanghmun playground is situated on the hillside of the road. It is After the finalization of detailed engineering for Phase-Il project. it has felt that it will be destructed if the road is widened. What will be been ascertained that the Kanghmun playground is not being the remedial measure. affected. Although 2 structures on valley side are affected who are willing to relocate as per R&R policy. Design Kanghmun The grade of the approach road at Kanghmun village is better The project rood follows the existing road. The grade shalt be improved than the existing rood and it is felt that its construction cost will be to the acceptable limits from the design point of view. more than the existing and will be more beneficial for the villagers. Will it be possible to re-align the existing road to the approach road? Common What type of road is to be constructed? Will the existing side Intermediate lane rood measuring I m formation width and 5.5 m Original Document by ICT & CES 49 Revised and Updated by LASA Mizorom Stote Roads Project Phose-ll EIA for P 18. June 2003 Location Issue Design Response drain and culvert be reconstructed? width black topping will be constructed. The existing side drains, culverts and Bridges will be restored and new ones will be constructed wherever necessary Common If any approach road from main rood is destructed, what are the The contractor will reconstruct the approach road in the most remedial measures to be taken? beneficial way for the user. There is monetary provision for this in the project. Utility Relocation Mausen The road construction will damage the water pipe about 3 km at The utility relocation plan would incorporate the relocation of the Mausen village. Will it be possible to construct this damage? water pipe if affected. Environmental Issues Common It was decided that the earth spoil would be disposed off at the If the situation arises, utmost care and maximum precaution will be identified damping sites, but in certain cases it could be taken to protect the structures on the valley side. It shall be the necessary to blast up the rock, which may cause damage to the responsibility of the contractor, whose work will be supervised by the valley side properties. If so, what are the remedial measures to be Supervision Consultants. taken? Common As mentioned a disposal ground for earth spoil has been selected The contractor shall be asked by the PIU to carry on disposal with prior with the intention of constructing Playground, Bus stand etc. If permission of the Village council as per R&R policy. The villagers can the earth spoil is not sufficient, will it be possible to fill the put forward their concerns while granting the permission to the remaining portion? contractor through the village council. Compensation Common If the house is to be shifted, will the site for the new house be According to the R&R policy, if any house is destructed, a new house developed? whose value is not less than the previous one is to be constructed. Land Acquisition Common In the beginning of the project study, it is mentioned tnat 20 m of Only the required portion along the roadside will be acquired for the the land along the roadside will be acquired. Is it still intended? construction. Aizawl Bypass Will you use the land of Pachhunga University College, Aizawl? 14000 sq. mts of Pachhunga University land would be acquired. Originol Document by ICT & CES 4-10 Revised and Updoted by LASA Mizorom State Roods Project Phose-tt EIA for P i8, June 2003 Table 4-5: Mechanisms for Continued Participation in the Project Project Stage PAPs and their Representatives NGOs Local Officials (in Project and Host Areas) Village Council Verification ot . Receive information on project . Carry out baseline . Assist in baseline verification and * Improve PAP list impacts. verification and updation updation. information and . Participate in the coordination on the basis of formats . Assist NGO in information dissemination. inputs to design committee. provided. . Participate in Public Consultations. of income . Participate in census surveys. . Assist in census and socio- . Arrange PAP transport to site. restoration . Participate in consultations to develop economic survey. . Help to document consultations. programs IR programs. . Participate in coordination . Support the village council's work in . Identify existing * Keep records of consultations. committee. implementation. income * Choose resettlement alternatives or * Orgonise consultations. . Examine feasibility of IR programs and restoration housing schemes. . Representation on discuss with PAPs. schemes * Inputs of design of resettlement grievance tribunal. * Discuss areas of locations. . Facilitate PAP inter-group possible conflict * Participate in grievance tribunal. meetings. with PAPs Implementation * Monitor provision of entitlements and . Provide ongoing . Process documents for LA and transfer of . Identify lands for convey grievonces to NGOs and PIU. information for PAPs. land to PAPs for relocation. relocation of . Labor and other inputs at site . Forward grievances of . Process IR proposals disploced PAPs. . Management of site and project input PAPs and participate in * Participate in grievance redresssol . Form joint * Management of common property grievance tribunal. * Provide assistance under local schemes management resources . Provide support in group . Membership of implementation groups for . Management of community management committee comrnon development funds * Monitor entitlement . Process documents for welfare and socio- resources . Member of implementation committee provision and economic services (ration card, BPL cord) implementation of IR programs . Members of implementation committee Monitoring and * Participate in grievance tribunal . Provide information to . Ongoing interaction with PAPs to identify . Provide inputs to Evaluation . Report to project on IR schemes project staff on vulnerable problems in IR programs monitoring and . Reports on service quality at site groups . Participants in correctional strategies evaluation of . Act as external monitors for R&R _____________ _________________________________ project __________proje c t 0Oiginol Document by tCT & CES 4-11 fwvised ond Updated by LASA WK -i, ^ \ j ; | ;1 ' | '^, J - . a.'~f.iny & 9 .2 x; 3'"'!!4t3~~~ 'i'- ' *~~~~~ L.nadf / iechp urs;Ar7ry a II I~~~~~~~~~e 't 2 -a '; (t > 51;i~~~~~~~~~va+p X t) \ 22 &t.)32 o { \;;\\v;UnCI§ {AH C IBL . ; /-so1 -ziI ~ 5. Analysis of Alternatives 5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES Activities in Phase II of MSRP, along PIB, are essentially the same as for Phase I and have therefore been already covered in the earlier assessment. As shown in Figure 5.1, the scope of SEA covered selection of alignment alternatives. Both phases of the project PIA and PIB are a part of the prioritised alternative of SEA. Hence for the purpose of this report. scope of alternative analysis is limited to evaluation of realignment options for short stretches and mitigation alternatives for the alignment. Both the components are dealt with in the following sections. 5.1. WITHOUT PROJECT AND WITH PROJECT SCENARIOS One highly unlikely, but theoretically possible, decision could be not to proceed with PI B Upgradation because of unacceptable residual impacts. There is no information other than that presented in SEA regarding the existing environmental conditions or the anticipated impacts, which would justify without project scenorio. Impacts due to the project implementation are not significant and mitigation measures can be built into the project to reduce them to acceptable levels. However, if it is decided not to proceed with the project. the reduced socio-economic development of this remote, relatively poorly connected hill state cannot be justified. 5.2. ALIGNMENT SELECTION (ENTIRE BUANGPUI - LUNGLEI SECTION) For road projects in hills, provision of new alignments is very expensive and would involve adverse environmental impacts. Even from the environmental perspective. widening along an existing alignment may be more acceptable than a fresh alignmert. Phase II of MSRP has few new realistic alternative alignments that remain unexplored. SEA prepared for the project analysed the road sector as a whole from an environmental perspective. Moreover, since the decision to follow the older PW.D alignment hcs already been made, the examination of alternative alignments for PIB would not be useful. 5.3. RE-ALIGNMENTS FOR SHORT STRETCHES Wherever short re-alignments are required from the geometric cnd/or safety angle, preference is given to hillside cutting over the filling up of valleys, especially if the slopes are very steep, as is the case in Mizoram. Only in short stretches valley side realignment is recommended, since the creation of the new formation on retaining wall can be prohibitively expensive and lack of stfbilisation of fill, in absence of a retaining wall is a real safety risk. However, in cases of valley side widening, one advantage is that the space between the two alignments can be used for filling up the excess cut material. Hill side widening was also a preferred solution from minimising displacement point of view. To assess the likely social impacts the number __D,,,,cc mer. Cv C' . 5-1 Mizorom State Roads Project Ptiose-ti EIA for P18. June 2003 PROJECT-SPECIFIC EA Define Pfoduce Project Development Objectives _ Proposal i - IdernItify Identify Screen Evaluate Comparatively Proceed with ATlernative If None Alternative Alternative Selected Assess Preferred Technologies Locations Locations Alternatives Alternatives Alternative(s) Operational & Mitigation Define Sectoral Identity Deline Screen - Alternatives anid Regionlal Alternaive 'Resource' Alternative - Developiti Development Requirements Technologies Objectives Strategies SECTORAL EA Design I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Configuration Atternatives PHASE-I Adapted from Update no. 17 of World Bank EA Sourcebook Figure 5.1: Stages In analysis of alternatives during MSRP Otiogincir Document by ICT & CES 5-2 Revised and Updated by LASA Alizorom Siate Roaos Project PhRose-/i EIA for P 8. June 2003 of structures within a likely corridor of impact12 of 12 m was analysed. Table 6-2 shows that 628 structures are there on the hill side as compared to 468 on the valley side. However, in the settlements of Kangmun and Haulowng. higher number of structures is located towards the valley side. In Pukpui (161.820 km - 162.040km) the alignment was further altered (refer figure 5.2) to save 3 houses without alternative land for relocation. As a result only one house will be affected and the owner has alternative io'nd to shift his residence. In Haulawng (1 32.340km to 132.400km) alignment could be shifted hillside (refer figure 5.3) to save 5 structures on valley side and affect only 3 on the hillside. In these settlements, minor realignments have been adopted to best fit the proposed cross-section to reduce impacts. Table 5-1: Preferred Widening Option Analysis to reduce impacts Number of Structures Preferred Final option Settlement option (given by Hill Side Valley Side Total design team) Remarks Widening is on Volley side in Kangmnun 15 8 23 Valley Side Hill Side sections where cluster of houses are located on hill ____________ ~~side Ramloitui 16 49 65 Hill Side Hill Side Sekhum 33 44 77 Hill Side Hill Side Mualthuamr 18 25 43 Hill Sice Hill Side Haulawng 54 63 117 Hill Side Both Old Mousen 5 5 i O Hill Side mausen 11 29 40 Hill Side Hilt Side Pukpui 44 54 98 Hill Side Hill Side Valley side structures are Zotlang 45 36 81 Valiley Side Hill Side closer to road so hiilside .atlang 45 36 81 Valley Side Hill Side widening will cause less _________ i~~~~~~~mpact. Serkown 44 49 93 Hill Side None Lunglei 183 266 449 Hill Side None In all cases, it needs to be ensured that the hydraulic continuity of the terrcin is maintained since accumulated water can become a potential hazard - by increasing vulnerability of slopes to sliding. An alternative to this can be the disposing only enough debris so that the height of the fill remains below the invert level of the lower cu,lvert, whether on the existing or the proposed alignment. However, this would mean far less disposal space. Therefore, the Contractor and Engineer will have to identify more locations suitable for disposol along the route as the construction progresses. 12 The likely Col was fixed at 12m. Measured horizontally, without bias to the slope of the sides, 6m on either side from the center line of the existing carriageway (or center line of the road-width available, where paved carriageway is not available) Crigincl Dccurner.t c !C_ & c 5 3C *Zavised and U'dcrec _ A 3 0~~~~~ VALLEY CD cl- C WOODEN H EODEN HOUSE WODNHUE ). A O U WOODEN HOUSE L<3 EtTtNG ROAD ODEHUS l|OLD REALtGNMENT D < \C NEW REALGNMENT HUT T 3STRUCTURE AFFECTED j~O 5 25 5 5 l SaSTRUCTURE SAVED Fi g ure. _MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT -PHASE 11 5.2 Reolingment a Pukpui Village LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd.|. HILL -0~~~~~~~~~~~~~c ~~~~~~~~SCALE 10 M 0 . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2.50 HILL t X WOODEN HOUSE 5 0 M LEGEND EXISTING ROAD WOODEN HOUSE OLD REALIGNMENT STRUCTURE AFFECTED WOODEN HOUSE WOODEN H C OUSE tVALLEY i t ;; > W\S >~~~~WOODEN HOUSE Z~~~ W N H\WOODEN HOUSE 0~~~~ WO<<\ \ ODEN HOUSE MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT - PHASE 11 Figure. Affected structures at Haulawng 5.3 Village LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. Mizorarn State Roods Prsject Phase-li EJA for P I, June 2003 5.3.1. Design of Road Junction at Christian Hospital in Serkawn The Christian Hospital in Serkawn is a reminder of the commendable role Missionary activity has played in the overall development of Mizoram. Presently, the approach to the hospital from the project road is by a rising ramp (Figure 5-4). Another side of the hospital can be approached from a level rood leading to a hydroelectric project and the Baptist Mission's other buildings. The [evelling of the junction. by lowering the road from 'he hydroelectric project site side will have multiple benefits, including reducing noise levels at the hospital. The consultations with various stakeholders including hospital staff, local representatives and the Mission trustees involving the environmental and design teams of the PCC has led to the evolution of 4 alternative designs (Figures 5-5, 5-6, 5-7 & 5-8) a bfief about each alternative would be required in addition to the option of maintaining the present conditions. Each alternative has its own advantages over the others. The fincl alternative involves construction of a retaining wall of 6m high above the existing wall. Hence, the noise gets damped before being transmitted io the hospital, reducing the noise levels. No other measures will be required to reduce the noise levels. Noise Barrier for the School at Ramlaitui In Ramiaitui village, the secondary school is located adjacent to the road. It is housed in a wooden building with from the back, away from the road (Figure 5-9). The school is not being relocated. Here, in addition to the noise level, safety of students is also an issue to be addressed. Figure 5-9 Govt. Middle School at Ramlaitui Village Here too, the options ccn be use of barrier or double-glazing. The advantage of barriers in this particular instance stems from the requirement of safety of the students. Since the structure is made from wood, the replacement with double glazed shutters Originci Document by IC7 & CES 5-6 Revised ond Updated by LASA iW O Mizoram Stole Roods Projec. Pnose-ll 1ElA for P1E, j.ne 2003 would be difficult. Therefore, the preferred solution is provision of a barrier on the side of the road with an entry gate on the side. Once the proposed mitigation method is decided, the choice of the material for the construction of the barrier is the next aspect to be considered. The candidate materials are bamboo and stone. Bamboo is locally available, cheap and easy to install. However, stone masonry is stronger and results in a more integrated structure, whichF will have, better sound insulation. Moreover, during site visits, the headmaster of the school has specifically requested the provision of a permanent structure. In light of all these, the preferred solution is a 3 m. high stone masonry wall. This item too will be reflected in the civil works contract and executed during the project implementation stage. Crig,ncl Documer! by ICr T ?c 5C7 Revised cnd J)pCCtec 5!' L.CA 5-A co SERKAWN z_ l w 0~~ ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT - PHASE 11 Fgure. Approach to Christian Hospital in 1a ________________ 5.4 Serkawn from P1iB | LEAAssociates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. lII.............. SECTION -.1 ALTERNATIVE: 3 TREESONTHE . REMOVAL OF LEVEL DIFFERENCE i\I . e LOWER LEVEL BETWEEN MAIN ROAD AND HOSPITAL YARD ,IT FXv A : ' li" ° n ! . TRAFFIC JUNCTION CREATED I- X 9. ttt E INCLUDING ACCESS TO KHAWI - VA VEHICULAR ENTRY/ HYD1EL ( ROADC~ SERHICELA ENTRY r |||||||I 4 'V D hT SIGN VEHICULAR RAMP UP TO HOSPITAL ON EXISTING PERIPHERAL ROAD INSIDE ____ r X x, gs _ .THE HOSPITAL COMPLEX SECTION 2 -2 TREES ON THE HIGHER LEVEL I~iIi J~k WITH SUBS BELOW t_ _ _ W 1 5 5 U U 8 5 6 6PROPO _______________________ N S BUS/RA SHELTER 0 PARKING J T4A.//f'' RRI IAN /AI SECTION 3 -3 / I-, \ !DECHRISTHR I p ELOtJFRINO TREE IL----I TREE /'I N> P~~~~~EDETIAN - - %-- _i ATE / ~ EXISTING BOUNDARY SCALE; EXISTING~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~EXS hOUDA BO/ U ,NDARY ED ~~~~~~~~~~~~~TITLE: WALLTOBREMOVE \ > sV2 JNUCTION IMPROVEMENT PLAN No. 1 I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ON AIZAWL - BUNGPUI - LUNGPUI ROAD WOODEN I 'AT CHRISTIAN HOSPITAL SERKAWN HOUSE W DEN 5 -.t NIE AND OUST _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ WOODEN HOUSE S R ESN PLANTATION HOUSE P%CLIENT: WOODEN~~~~/WODN 'LA soiae ouhAi HOUSE GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM TRAFFIC WODEN 'T6PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT P-OINT HOUSE Az EXIS TOH BOUNDARVE DRAWING No. ADAPTED FROM ICT'S WALL TO BE REMOVEDOODE DESIGN OPTIONS HOUSE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5.5 OUSE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~LEA Associates South Asia 2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Pvt. Ltd. ' ' || SECTION 1-1 ALTERNATIVE: 4 TREES ON THE c SIMILAR TO ALTERNATIVE 3 CEPT FOR \X\E < F LOWER LEVEL ;A 4,"'. SINGLE VEHICULAR + PEDESTRIAN ENTRY PEDESTRIAN ENTRY VIA RAMP ON EXISTING HOSPITAL PERIPHERAL VEHICULAR ENTRY/ 11111 i ROAD SERVICE ENTRY t |I6-Z1. - \ ;1ZW '?1/b.E MAIN GATE TO HOSPITAL PROVISION FOR HANDICAPPED ;F? X 'RMASa (ENTRY GATE) INCLUDED SECTION 2 -2 SHIFTING OF ENTRY TO BAPTIST CHURCH HQ FROM MAIN TRAFFIC "T. N R LEVEL ~ ~ ~ ,iiiiA JUNCTION SLOP UP TO REDUCE 1Iii~r '~~~' IAM~~L1 GRADIENT REQUIREMENT t ASIALTERAIION TO ENTRY R- PEDESTRIAN * PROPOS ~~~~~~~ UP HOSPITAL LE CHURCH R / 1 ?/ \W\ \.L - - ~ /IIiIXK~4 '.) CHRISTANHIOSPI IfCN FLOWERINGTREE l3 \ ' / i, n/ RAMP UP FOR EMERGENCY ISERVICINGI / \ \ _ L +3.25 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~/IADMISSION TO HOSPITAL/ HOSPITAL SCALE: r ~ " ~.-.-w-- iAi~~~ +G//11TEEXISTING BOUNDARY AMP UP TO BPTISTCHURCH HO. 5 0101WALL TO BE / I 5 0 5 SHIFTF2VIN;UNCTIONtPOINT_o' 0 l & /@\t'lI MOV~~~~~~~OED / N V 1 * SI F A NT--, Q I\ EXISTING BOUNDARY .0 *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TITLE |A S Lv | v\>fi\| /42>421 t2 JNUCTION IMPROVEMENT PLAN No. 2 ON AIZAWL - BUNGPUI - LUNGPUI ROAD AT WOODEN HF \N S )t F /REENPLANTATIONCHRISTIAN HOSPITAL SERKAWN HOUSE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.NOISE AND D UST WOODEN HUE WDNREEN PLANTATION WODN HOUSE CLIENT: HOUSE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM POINT TRAIFFIC AWOODEN / g / B < > S}E, 1 AI&FROW;C\#f PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT MOVEMENT UAHOUSERE EXISTING BOUNDARYSZ ~ \L WALL TO BE REMOVED HODE DRAWING NO. HOUSE ADPTDFRMIC' / g 3\ 5.6 ~~~~~~~~~~~~DESIGN OPTIONS _/WODEN / HOUSE LEA Associates South Asia i i Pvt. Ltd. L7. j SECTION 1-1. ALTERNATIVE :1 TREES ON THE LOWER LEVEL MINIMAL CHANGES TO EXISTING FEASIBILITY OF CONSTRUCTION OF RETAINING WALL/ STRUCTURE ON ITHE VALLY SIDE e $, t-~~~~1 FL W E R O R D § '. ~~~~~TRAFFIC VOLUMEIMODE ANTICIPATED _LU /ADVANCE DIRE C T I ON S --I ALONG MAIN ROAD (AIZ-LONGLEI) AND T7T2ADVANCE DIRECTION SIGN ROAD TO KHAWI - VA 5/ 4/ @ ,-REES SECTION 2 -2 TREES ON THE HIGHER LEVEL WITH SRUBS BELOW PROPOSED RO BUSURAIN SHELTER I 8 g * * z / tgta / SECTION 3 -3 CHURCH , ° CHRISTAN HOSPITAL E m11 LAROSCAi O -. - - > EXISTING BOUNDARY | SCALE: WALL TO BE ~A j MOVED 5 0 5 10 15 3O O (_) c) ~- EXISTING BOUNDARY OVED ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TITLE. JNUCTION IMPROVEMENT PLAN No. 3 ON AIZAWL - BUNGPUI - LUNGPUI ROAD WOODEN I . DUST AT CHRISTIAN HOSPITAL SERKAWN WOODEN HOUSE ROOEN PLSEANTATION WOE HOUSE H OUEE LNAINCLIENT: WIDENING OF EXISTING ROAD r H GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM TOWARDS VALLEY SIDE V O PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT EXISTING BOUNDARYOUE4 N WALL TO BE REMOVED CREATIONOF RETAINING WOODEN > / . f DRAWING NO. ADAPTED FROM ICT'S WALL FOR TURN UP & FROM HOUSE 5.7 DESIGN OPTIONS THE HOSPITAL /WOODEN t/ HOUSE LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. SECTION 1 -1 ALTERNATIVE: 2 TREES ON THE LOWER LEVEL I OF C , ROA p ;ADVANCE DIRECTION SIGN 4/I vSECTION 2 -2 /' vSITE OF EStSnN z > I r . PROPOSED Ro- o -.. s BUS/RAIN SHELTER @ + O %¢A, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SECTION 3 -3 CHURCH -' C,s ti - CHRISTAN HOSPITAL ,, / ' 6fwn , . {Jg~~A'ROA -FLOVERINO TREE FLOWERING TREE / 3 \ RUMP UP FOR VEHICVLARA EI A / ENTRY\ I ERY < ,/ tWALL IDBL ,5 ,1, SCALE: .1.5 , ~~~~~~~~~~EXISTINO BOUNDARY 1 MOVED _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __m ~ E/3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~-' E~~~~~~~~XISTING BOUNDARY lf/3 < < < ) ( 9 O yf , WALL TE \ ) \11j,. 9 iX OVED TITLE: 7 ~ ~ "-§AI\ V C3) SOe) 5 \ RMUs> *P'4e *J a m I IX 4 * j 2\> Y1zW E lmhj * T paa * \, X ne/.dltt a XD Sm Nri ;f~ T1e * sK 'V.-pra .N rre,o im {.;l':r1t, a hillga!\ L4.nSmcl ; \ M t 4 D2 r X 6.9'Assmn fEniomna mat 4fl~ ~ an Mi iVadon Meavures 6. ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 6.1. BASIC APPROACH The environmental components that are impacted during various stages of project planning and implementation have to be mitigated and incorporated in the engineering design. The Upgradation work of Buangpui - Lunglei (P!B) road will involve widening and relaying of pavement. Proposed improvements are along the existing alignment except at some critical sections of the road where environmental, social or engineering aspects warranted realignment for short stretches. The assessment of impacts and subsequent mitigation measures adopted are presented in the following sections. The chapter is built on the experiences derived from implementation of Phase I of the project (refer Annexure 6.1). 6.2. IMPACTS ON THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 6.2.1. Meteorological Conditions As only roadside hill faces up to a height of 10-20 m are likely to be cut, no significant impacts on wind profile and rainfall pattern shall be observed in the project area. The adverse impacts on the climatic conditions shall only be of temporary nature e.g. increase in temperature due to removal of roadside plantation and vegetation. The localized short-term adverse impacts will be offset by compensatory afforestation of vegetation and tree plantation. No other specific mitigation measures are proposed. 6.2.2. Land Loss of Cultivable Land and Top Soil Permanent and temporary acquisition of agricultural land for widening, workers camps, stockyards, storage godowns etc. will also have a negative impact, depriving the local people of their livelihood. Cutting of hill slope will result in removal of topsoil, trees, vegetation cover and loss of cultivable land affecting the livelihood of the landowners. The effects will have direct, long-term and irreversible impacts on the surrounding environment. Cutting of hill slopes will involve elimination of productive topsoil due to loss of micronutrients to sustain growth of vegetation, standing crops and other commercially important vegetation. Destabilization of Slopes and Soil erosion Widening of the priority road will involve rock/soil cutting of hillside, blasting of rocks rendering the hill slopes unstable and vulnerable to landslides. ,ccin.;.' r men! ov ,cT &CES 6-1 e .se.:d..,.:reav L .'ASA S mizOrOm Stare Roads Project Phase-ll EIA for P I B. June 2003 * Cutting of the hill faces to widen the road will have direct and long term impact e.g. disruption to stability of cut slopes, modification of drainage patterns and erosion, increase in overburden on the valley slopes due to disposal of the debris from cut slopes resulting in their instability. • Felling of plants/trees, vibrations from construction machinery, passing of heavy vehicles and action of rcin on the soil during the construction stage would also contribute to soil erosion and destabilization of hill slopes. Earthwork for upgradation of corridor Widening and strengthening of the priority road involves cutting of hillside. Thereby it creates significant amount of eorth, which will be utilized for the project. The material shall be utilized for construction of embankments for various realignment sections and other earth works. However, disposal of excess cut material has to be done at designated locations selected as disposal sites. The estimated quantities of earth material to be utilized for road construction and to be disposed off at the designated disposal sites are given below: * Earth work due to hill cutting = 9,96,575 m3 * Earth material to be utilized in road works = 5.55,457 m3 C Earthwork to be disposed off at designated disposal sites = 4,48,733 m3 * Earthwork that can be absorbed in the identified sites = 1,71,010 m3 Quarrying and Borrowing Operations As hill cutting shall produce enough earth material for road works and aggregate material shall be procured from quarries located in the Priority road P1A, quarrying and borrowing operations are not envisaged along the project corridor. Though the operation of quarries is an independent and regulated activity, large requirement of stone aggregate for the project will cause resource depletion in the state. Similarly. river sand is a scarce commodity in the entire state and therefore, borrowing of sand from riverbed shall have significant resource depletion. Therefore as an alternative, the possibility of using stone crusher dust has been explored. There are many stone crushers along the route who are willing to supply the material, However haphazard transportation of stone crusher dust from its source to the construction site can have negative impact on the air quaiity. 6.2.3. Watercourses and Water Bodies The proposed widening and improvement of PI B will have wvide range of impacts on water resources in the project area during construction works. Table 6.1 presents impacted water bodies along the PIB. The Location of main features such as river, pond, waterfall etc. along the Priority Road is given in Figure 6.1. ^ irincl locv.mer: oy ICr SCES 6-2 ?e . .seN ana /,.^cared by L? SA ! i AMizorOm State Roads Project Phose-ll EIA for P18. June 2003 Mizoram receives a lot of rain, but has no significant water storage capacity as the steep terrain makes water retention extremely difficult. Road construction process which demands continuous supply of clean water will bear considerable pressure on water holdings in the project area. The viability of building water-harvesting structures along the watercourses and streams will need to be worked out. Small check dams (Figure 6.7) in the form of cascades shall be constructed to augment water requirement during road construction, and may later be used by the local community. The water quality of surface waters in the project area may get contaminated temporarily due to accidental spill of construction materials, oil, grease, fuel and paint from the equipment yards and asphalt plant. Table 6-1: Impacted Water bodies along Buangpui - Lunglei Road No. Water body Chainage RHS/LHS13 I Marshy area 100.160 LHS 2 Tlawng River 150.300 3 Waterfall 151 .480 LHS 4 Waterfall 151.600 LHS 5 Waterfall 151.660 LHS 6 Waterfall 151.780 LHS 7 Waterfall 151.840 LHS 8 Waterfall 151.940 LHS 9 Waterfall 152.200 LHS Tlawng River Single lane steel Bailey bridge with a span of 45 m in between 150.300km and 150.345km shall be replaced with double lane concrete bridge having a span of 92.7m constructed in between 150.160km and 150.480km. The construction of new bridge can cause contamination of the river water due to spillage of construction material. Sediment loading is most likely when large amounts of soil are disturbed and exposed to the erosive forces. In addition to the disposal of soils, the increased sediment load due to the constricted waterway cause increased turbidity downstream of the bridge location. During the construction of the road, there will be movement of construction machinery and setting up of a construction labour camp near the bridge site. There are chances of oil spills taking place near the site. In addition, construction camp discharges are likely to contaminate the site and water with refuse, garbage etc. '3 Hereinafter, the LHS/RHS convention is assuming that the direction of travel is frorn Suanypui to Lunglei Origincl Document by fCT a CS 6-3 Revised cnc LPccted by LASA 6-3 . Mizoroam Stte Roads Project Phase-Ul EIA for PI 8, June 2003 * .- * r,-Thenzawl ~4.. -. 0 0 tland 'r->' H Z | t~~~~~~~~~~~~02.4206 > 1 ~~~~~~~~~~~103.040 tJ^Irc(It4.6i I. I - i '8 ) I 1 1390 \ A A b RamlsimiS&wn (m 1 -(kme 110 I Q 113.920~~~~~~~~~~.60 A sekoani _On .[ tfl7.S80 nyae (km t[5131 \ 121.140 WMua1ihum fk 23.00 124 340~ Pou'd 128 120 OPot !Jv1160 128.340)/ 133.880 ! \(I t3W.51014).IM45.300 IDA 137.770-138.574) III 13). 30140>ff-8l.)9;) 4 . 1t950I 142.690 r' z Le\ ,#:14400 (nkm 144.22I) Legend \ 145.600 Distric Headquarer * ' -; I K ci I 0 Na.onalHighway 4 tlIA 14'9S 9157.9100 Wtc,ta 1 >i I I. .A Nat nal H~hway 151.50Q X . Proposed Sanctt ary Project Pdioty Road - ii 5 4 .40: 00. ,: 7 dOee.lls N | i 11~~51.4RO. 15 1,60t0,15 1.h60. 01er Sate Roads - 152K160 r 1.751. )41. <15.9404i Localionof Disposal Sies , 1025Z,1l2.0OQ, ¶52660 Locationsof Waler Harvestirrg ;S 155.120. 15 770 1S5.020 Localbn of VitIages * 1 IUL7SW Rrer s_ 268300162.20i63.440 Pond Lungle Rhvenne Reserve . obuwk Walrerfel I frportano Bicxdiversity Area 4 Tree Proposerd Sanctuay/ | sov| Location of Features along MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT. Souse Location of Features along ~~~~~~PHASE 11. PD 1 l Buangpui Lunglei Road GOVERNMENTOFMIZORAM . Figure, I A LEA Associates South Asia Pvt Ltd. j _____- . t |.1 N New Delhi Original Document by ICT &CES 6-4 Revised cnd Updoted by LASA -- mizorom Sfare Roccs Project Phase-i; EiA for P18, June 2C03 Other Water Bodies - Ponds and Waterfalls There are eight waterfalls at Km 150.960, 151.480, 151.600, 151.660, 151.780, 151.840. 151.940 and 152.200Kms and three ponds at Km 101.900, 128.060, 128.120 that will be impacted due to construction activity. The possible causes of adverse impacts could be fuel and lubricant spills or leaks from construction vehicles or from fuel storage and distribution sites or from hot-mix plants or accidental fuel spills etc. The watercourses are mainly seasonal, flowing with their full capacity during the monsoon season. They however, constitute important outlets as water aquifers from the hills and also below the ground. The cutting of hill slopes for widening and improvement of the priority road will disturb the natural drainage of these streams thus making their present accessibility to the local people extremely difficult or impossible. It is important to note that in a state like Mizoram where water is scare, the local people tap these water streams for use. Other Water sources In addition to the water bodies, the local people use a number of hand pumps sited along the Priority Road. Though water from these hand pumps in most cases is not potable, it is utilized for washing and other purposes. Some of these hand pumps are seasonal in nature, while the others supply water throughout the year. Due to the widening of the Priority Road, some of these hand pumps will have to be removed. 6.2.4. Air Quality Negative impacts on Air Quality during construction will be mostly localized concentrated within the RoW. Due to a large number of activities both dust and polluting gases like S02. NOx and Hydrocarbons will be generated. However, it is likely that impacts due to dust generation are felt downwind of the site rather than the site itself. Large quantities of dust may have serious implications on the heaith of the people living in the valleys. Construction workers, especially in quarries, borrow areas and stone crushing units will also be subjected to serious implications by exposure to dust. Operation stage impact due to traffic on the priority road shall not be significant since the project volumes low. 6.2.5. Noise Quality Noise levels in the project area during the construction stage will increase, though shall be intermittent and temporary in nature. The noise levels for various construction octivities/ equipments, though in excess of the permissible standards, due to their intermittent nature, the impact of increased noise levels would only be temporary. Even so, the extreme!.' high sound levels C rair.ol sJoce-el y. C. & ES 6-5 e- isedmcJ <-e1 OnC, -| - t Mizoram Sfcte Roods Project P.'iose-ll EIA fo( P 8. Jur.e 2C03 present a risk to the workers on the site. Since the anticipated volume of the traffic on the road during operational phase is low, the impacts are of less 5ignificance. The noise levels will be much more pronounced during construction stage particularly around settlements and in inhabited areas. 6.3. IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 6.3. 1. Terrestrial Ecology Flora Widening and strengthening of Priority Road shall involve removal of topsoil and cutting of hill fcce up to heights of almost 5-10 m on an average. It results in clearing of vegetation cover and felling of trees. These activities will exert wide-ranging impacts on the surrounding as summarized in Table 6.2 below. Table 6-2: Likely Impacts on Flora for Widening of Priority Road Activity I Impact Cutting of hill slope/fcce, removal Loss of vegetation cover (shrubs &grosses) canopies; of earth/rock Felling of 1,177 trees along priority road; cutting of hill slope/face Reduced shade and shelter for roadside fauna Reduction in soil fertility, moisture and humidity; Workers Camps Use of plants and trees as fuel wood and wildlife pocching by construction workers Roadside Trees 7518 trees of different species having girth more than 30cm within 15 m of the existing bench were counted out of which a total number of 1177 trees and plants are likely to be uprooted due to widening of the Buangpui - Lunglei Road. During the bio-diversity assessment survey carried out along the priority road PlB,'a number of locations have been spotted which are rich in species of herbs and shrubs, trees, ethno-medicinal plants and birds. The only endangered tree fern (Cyathea dealbata) found along the project road will not be threatened by construction activities since it is available in mizoram State in abundance. Fauna * Invertebrates Species of 'dragon flies' are reported to exist along the project road. The marshy area (100.160km) is a breeding ground for dragon flies'. Any disposal in the area can destroy the marshy area. Amphibians and Reptiles Gric;ncl Doct ," en. Z C .-. CEr5 Reiireci ond L,zc~recjci _ . r!-6 AJizoram Stote Roads Project Phase-l1 EIA for PIS, June 2003 The marsh has dense aquatic macrophytes and is reported to be a breeding ground of amphibians, which can be threatened due to unwanted disposal of debris. * Birds The proposed Saza-Tlawng Sanctuary is reported to house the endangered species Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus). Besides a host of other species like the Gallus gallus (Jungle fowl), partridge etc. are found which can fall prey to hunting and poaching. . Mammals Rare and endangered animal species like the flying fox: Chinese pangolin, tiger, common leopard etc. have been reported to exist in protected areas of Mizoram. It is however, reported that the priority road PiB (Buangpui-Lunglei Road) does not show presence of any of these animals. The proposed Saza-Tlawng Sanctuary is reported to house endangered species like the Saza (Capricornis sumatroensis), Leopard (Ponthera sp.) etc., besides a host of other mammalian species. However, no records are available to confirm the presence of endangered animal species. Owing to low traffic volume and seclusion from the habitation, impact on fauna will be minimal. 6.3.2. Riverine Reserve forest The project road passes through the Riverine reserve forest of Tlawng. The riverine reserve, though it is a reserve forest, human interference is evident. Private plantations are also found in the Pukpui side with standing crops on both the banks of Tlawng and private plots are found on Mausen village side. The biodiversity assessment indicates absence of any threatened, endangered or rare species in the riverine reserve. Moreover, the forest cover on both sides of the Tlawng is mainly secondary nature. Only a few small patches of original moist deciduous forests can be seen at higher slope, which will not be affected by the construction of bridge over Tlawng or by widening of P1 B. 6.3.3. Proposed Saza-Tiang Sanctuary The project corridor forming the boundary of proposed sanctuary, very short stretches, less than I km in length over several locations, widening on the hillside will require land within the area proposed to be included within the sanctuary. However, a 5m strip of land is available for widening along the corridor, declared as a road reserve. Biodiversity survey indicates no presence of threatened, endangered or rare species in the proposed sanctuary area. C.riainal Doct.-ent bv ICT f. CES o^vised cnc.) UCc re0 cr La.SA AizoOarm State R?oacy Project Phose-t1 c IA for P I B. JUne 2003 6.3.4. Aquatic Ecology Flora The Ichthyological survey on the river Tlawng found green algae like Ulothrix spp., Fontinolis spp. The riparian vegetation is composed mainly of Agerefum conyzoides, Sacchorum sp, Cynodon doctylon, Mikonia microntha, Imperata cylindrico species. The construction of new bridge on the River Tlawng will invariably cause cur itamination of the river water due to spillage of construction material. Sedime, 1i loading is likely to occur as large amounts of soil shall be disturbed and exposed to the erosive forces. In addition to the disposal of soils from the riverbed, the increased sediment load due to the constricted waterway and consequent increased sediment load wili cause increased turbidity downstream of the bridge location. Large heavy sediments may smother the flora and change the nature of the substratum resulting in decline in the number and diversity of plants'4. Fauna * Invertebrates Larva and adults of various benthic invertebrates were seen during the ichthyological surveys, which are preyed upon by other species. Any change in the water quality due to negligence in the construction activity can disastrously alter the food web. . Amphibians Large colonies of tadpoles were sighted during the survey installation of the nets. Calls of frogs were also heard during the night and evening. Any change in the present population of the micro invertebrates shall affect them. * Pisces The on the river Tlawng identified fish species of Puntius ticto, Amblypharyngodon molo and Channa striotus. During construction if the concentration of the suspended solids exceeds 185mg/l then the gills of the fish may be damaged'5. * Birds A number of avian species (water fowls) e.g. Kingfisher were identified by sighting and calls during installing the nets, which depend upon the fish and other species for survival. Any alteration to the existing aquatic environment con have repercussions on the avian species. '5 Para 4.11, Part 10, Sec 3, vol. 11, Environmental Assessment, Design Manual for roads and bridges, Dept. of Transport, The Scottish Office Indiustry Department, The Welsh Office and The Dept. of the Northern freland, June 1993 'rgincl Dcc .r,qenrr y ,'CT c 6.-8 :e.ised Crlic Jc'ecf Oy LASA mizorom Store Rocds Projecr Phose-f EIA for PI8, Jurne 2003 6.4. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT - MITIGATION MEASURES 6.4. 1. Land Structural Engineering Techniques In order to stabilize the slopes on the hillside, retaining walls shall be incorporated in the project design at vulnerable locations. Three types of design for retaining walls have been proposed to enhance the stability of slopes on the hillside at different locations of the project road. These are: * ROI Dry Random Rubble Masonry for Heights < = 2.0 m * RO I g Bamboo crib walls/ Gabion for Height < = 2.0 m & RO2g Gabion for Heights > 2.0 m < = 5.0 m * R02 Composite Random Rubble Masonry for Heights > = 2.0 m but < = 5.0 m * R03 Mortared Random Rubble Masonry for Heights > 3.0 m but < = 6.0 m * R04 Reinforced Cement Concrete for Heights > 5.0 m < = 6.0 m Similarly, to stcbilize the slopes on the valley-side when ii is required to widen the road by filling on the valley-side, breast walls will be provided at different locations of the project road. Depending on the height of cut to be supported and other site conditions, different types of Breast walls have been.provided at different locations of the project road. Five types of Breast Walls designed to stabilize the slopes on valley side are: * RO1 Dry Random Rubble Masonry for Heights < = 2.0 m RO iRg Bamboo Crib walls/gabions for Heights < = 2.0 m * R02 Composite Random Rubble Masonry for Heights > = 2.0 m but < = 5.0 m * RO2g Gabions for heights >2.0 m < =5.0 m a R03 Mortared Random Rubble Masonry for Heights > 5.0 m Details of the locations where each type of wall is provided is available in the engineering design. However, No detailed observational data is available on the geomorphology of the specific locations. Hence, it may be prudent to allot fund related to the protection measures carefully segregated, to be expended with necessary features if any major disturbances to slopes are revealed. Based on observa4ions on site, mitigation measures at specific locations are appended in Annexure 3.1. Implementation agencies would be required adopt most economical measures after the cuts are further exposed on a case-to-case basis. * Bioengineering Techniques for Soil Stabilization Bioengineering is the successful use of vegetation in combination with structural engineering techniques to increase slope stability. In comparison to hard armour solutions, bioengineering is cost effective, aesthetically pleasing and environmentally acceptable solution. Various Bioengineering techniques as described below are 0>igincl Dec ;wnmet by ICT & CES 6-9 jee and uoLjorec Dv LASA MiZorOm Stote Roods Project Phose-11 EIA for P18, Jui le 2003 proposed to regenerate lost green cover due to cutting of hill slopes. These are also shown in Figure 6.2. * Species Selection Where possible, the use of non-native species should be avoided since they can out compete and displace native plants. To maximize the chances of success, one should try to select species whose growing conditions roughly match the environmental conditions of the p.iject site. Care should also be taken to select species with root systems that match the nature of the soil at the project site. Table 6.3 and Table 6.4 gives in details the floral species recommended for bioengineering near settlements within 1 km of the last dwelling) and outside settlements. Beside these recommended species Pterydophyta species like, Lycopodium spp., Seloginella spp., Polytrichum spp., and Sphagnum spp., which are found widespread in the area, can be planted to stabilise the soil both on the valley slope and road shoulders. The bryophytes and pteridophytes are provided with rhizoids that have a high cumulative soil-binding capacity. Moreover, these plants, due to their habit forms extensive spongy mats on exposed soil, protecting the soil effectively against the bombardment of raindrops. Besides serving the purpose of soil binding, plants like broom and thatch grasses could also benefit the local community who could maintain these patches on a sustainable utilization basis, thus boosting the social welfare component of the proiect. Various Bioengineering techniques Contour Wattling: This method is used to control surface erosion by breaking long slopes into shorter slopes. Bundles of branches, called wattles or fascines, are placed in shallow trenches along the slope or stream bank contour. Trenches are excavated by hand to half the diameter of the bundles. Wattles are typically 8 to 10 inches in diameter and branches secured with twine. After the wattle is staked in place, the trench is backfilled until only the top of the bundle is exposed. Wattles can be used for hill slope restoration, road embankments, wide gullies, or slump areas. Chevron Grass Lines: Chevron grass lines are planted as covering diagonal grass at an angle of between 300 - 400 off the horizontal. This grass-planting pattern is recommended on steep, bodly riled slopes with coarse surface soils. It is used to direct surface runoff to stable disposal areas such as rill or rip rap channel, or a natural drainage line, thus utilizing the natural drainage pattern. The chevron-planting pattern can also be reversed to divert runoff to the centre of the batter and thereby promote infiltration. Origincl Doc%.mern Gv ICT & CES 6-10 Revisec orj! OJpcctecd by LASA IW Ctriass Sl tip l'Pin rta. io Conitouir Planting Diagonal Planting Cheveron PIlanting D-nmlope Planting Fasci ncs ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ i-Q- / @ Fiilel of Cuttinig --':-' WODOEN PEG , 3UOrr-.O 0 /0o /.sx- > .FEGGING !NTrERVAL F-R-4i Vicr>G T--- 'x. e- Sid Vie,, Li . -a / l T s { t t t BiotEngineering Techniques ;PHASE ,1, PW. ,~~ ~~~~ ~ ., _k S-02 . . . _ _ . _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . _ _ _~~~~~~~~~.. . -. Source . . ..MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT, Bio Enginleering9 Techniques PHASE 11, PWD, GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM Figure 6.2 Mizorcm Stote Roods Project Phase-l1 EIA for . IB. June 2003 Diagonal Grass Lines: Diagonal grass lines are planted at an angle of 300 - 450 off horizontal, across the slope. Grass slips are planted at 20 cm intervals, with lines generally spaced at 50 cm intervals. The diagonal configuration is recommended on steep slopes where low volumes of runoff occur (i.e. where a small overland catchment exists above the road). The planting pattern prevents rill formation and retains eroded soil on the slope. Brush Matting: This method protects stream banks by placing a mattress-like layer of branches over it to protect soil and slow water velocity. The mat is composed of interwoven, usually dead, branches secured to the soil by live stakes, wire, twine or live branches. Live stakes are often cut from dormant willow. Brush matting helps collect sediment and enables establishment of vegetation on banks. Like brush layering, this method requires large quantities of branches. Live Cuttings: Live cuttings can be used to secure materials in place and to increase plantings on a slope. Live cuttings can be from 18 inches to 4 feet in length. Longer cuttings are used for live staking of wattles, while shorter cuttings are used for plantings. Fascines: Fascines are made of vegetatively propagated plant cuttings tied together into 15-20 cm bundles and dug into slopes on the contour to this depth. Fascines are recommended to stabilize small, critical slopes, and to protect riprap on slopes. Fascines provide a physical barrier to hold surface soil as well as drainage path, while cuttings rapidly develop roots that bind the slope. Palisades: Woody cuttings are planted at 10-15 cm intervals next to each other in lines across the slope, usually on the contour, to form palisades. They form a strong barrier that holds eroded soil, ultimately forming small terraces suitable for the establishment of vegetation. Palisades are recommended for all slopes except where minor slumps are likely. The SALT technique of soil conservation, developed in the Philippines for hill agriculture up to 350, is based on this technique. Combir{ations: Combinations of the above practices are usually used for most bioengineering designs. For example, brush wattles and live staking is a common combination used to stabilize slopes. A coir fascine can be used with live plantings, brush matting and trench packing to restore marshes or stream channels. New combinations of existing methods, and the use of new materials, will provide creative applications of bioengineering techniques. cp gri: Doccurflent bv 'C' g CES 6 12 -.ieW c'>|>? .;t erJLp L''!A5SA61 1; ,\liz0ram State RoaCs Project Pnose-ll EtA for PIS. June 2003 In order to stabilize the slopes, species, which have laterally spreading adventitious roots, and clump-forming tendency are planted that results in effective soil binding. Some species gives off roots from nodes while creeping that penetrates the exposed surface and clings to the soil. The bryophytes. on the other hand, are provided with rhizoids that have a high cumulative soil-binding capacity. Besides, these plants, because of their habit of forming extensive spongy mats on exposed soil, protect the soil effectively against the bombardment of raindrops. Table 6-3: Species recommended near settlements Scientific name Mizo Name Character Growth Rate Best Propagation Flowering Season Albizio chinensis I Vang Deciduous Quick growing Seeds April - June Anthocepholus chinensis Banphar Deciduous Quick growing Seeds Nov - Feb Artocorpus heterophyllus' Lamkhuong Evergreen Slow growing Seeds Nov -Jon Bouhinio varigoto Voube Deciduous Quick growing Seeds Nov Betula alnoides Hriong Deciduous Quick growing after Seeds, cutting Nov -Jan (Winter) 1st year Emblica officinolis Sunhlu Deciduous Quick growing Seeds, culling, June - July also in budding, Feb, Mar -May inarching Ficus bengolensis Bung Evergreen Quick growing Seeds, cutting April - June Ficus religioso Hmowng Evergreen Slow in early stages Seeds, cutting Jan - May later grows fast Ficus semicorcotao Theipui Evergreen Quick growing Seeds Throughout year Spondias pinnota Toitow Deciduous Quick growing after Seeds Feb - April I__ _ _ __ Ist year Tremo orientalis Belphuor Evergree:n Quick growing Seeds, stumps Throughout year Table 6-4: Species recommended for the project road excluding settlements Large Trees Scientific Name Character Altitude Site Full Light Best Comments propagation Acacia catechu Large, thorny Upto 1000 m Hot and dry; Full light Seeds / harsh polypots Albizio lebbeck Medium - sized Upto 1200 m Hot and dry: Full light Seeds / High grazing deciduous horsh polypols risk Albizia procera Medium - sized Upto 1350 m Moist Full light Seeds/ Sensitive to deciduous polypots gross competition Alnus nepolensis Large 900- 2700 m Varied and Full light Seeds / broodleoved moist polypots DColbergio sisoo Large Upto 1400 m Varied Full light Seeds / Needs broadleaved polypofs reasonably good soil Erythrina spp. Three fodder 900 - 3000 m Varied Light Seeds / Long cuttings species hardwoods are very cuttings up to successful 2m Ficus semicordoto Small stature. Uplo 2000 m Hot and dry; Full light Seeds / heavy branching voaied polypots Scrntma wollichii Large evergreen 900- 2000 m Varied; dry to Beats shade Seeds / Can colonise moist polypols existing naplantions Shrubs and Small Trees ^.ugncl Cocumdent cvCT& C ; 6-13 . -e.';ed and Upcactea ,v L,-S. 63i ;h J arom Stote Rocds w`jiect Phose-IU EtA for PIS. June 2003 Scientific Name Character Aftitude Site Best propagation Comments AcoCio pennoat Smalf thorny tree, up to 500-1500 Hot and dry; Seeds / polypots 36.000 seeds 3m hcrsh / kg Lontano comoro Shrub up to 2 m high Uplo 1750 m Hot and dry Hardwood cuttings Not hard cut _ i _ slopes Gross Species Scientific name Character Altitude Sites Best | Seed Comments Propagation | Collection Arunc!o clonox Lorge clumping & Upto 1500m Hot and dry: Slip Nov - Jon spreading voried cuttings/stem Arunduella Medium sized 700 - 2000m Voried; stony Slip Dec - Jan 1.809.000 nepolensis clumping _ . cuttings/seeds seeds/kg Cymbopogon Medium - Large 500 - 2000m Hot and dry; Slip Dec - Jan 1.681.000 microtheo clumping . varied cuttings/seeds seeds/kg Eultoiopsis bincto Medium sized Uprao 150I m Hot and dry Slip Jon- Feb clumping cuttings/seeds Neyroudia Large clumping Upto 1500m Varied Slip Dec - Jan Higher rainlcll orundinoceo cuttings/seeds arecs; 16.390.000 ___________ _ _seeds/kg Neyroudia Large clumping Uplo 200Dm Hot ond dry Stem/Slip Dec - Jan 15.520.000 rpynouoiana .cuttings/seeds seeds/kg Socchorum Lorge clumping & Upto 2000m Hot and dry to Slip cuttings Nov - Dec Very tough on spontoneum spreading moist all sites Themco spp. Large clumping Upto 2000m Varied Slip Oct - Nov cuttings/seeds Thysanoroenc Large clumping Upto 2000m Varied Slip cuttings Mar - Apr Best in damper moxim* __ places Vetiverio lowsoni Medium - Large Upto 1500m Varied Slip cuttings Sep - Nov Fill slopes only: crumping 1.712.00 _____ _______________ ._ _ seeds/kg Bamboo species Scientific Name Character Altitude Sites Best propagation Bcmbuso balcooa Thick culm, heavy Upto 1600 m Varied Culm cuttings bronching Sambuso nutons cupulota Strong, straight culms Upto 1500 m Dry / varied Traditioncl method Bcmbusa nutons nutans Strong. straight clums Upto 1500 m Varied Traditionol method Dendrocolomus homiltonii Thin culm. heavy branching 300 - 2000 m Moist Culm cuttings Species found in the project area Source: International Centre for Integroted Mountain Development (iCIMOD); Guidelines for developing C-reenbelts. CPCS March 2000 and Roadside Bio-Engineering Site Handbook. John Howell, DFID & HMG of Nepol._ Disposal of Debris and Relocation of disposal sites * Disposal Sites Adequate care would have to be taken while disposing the huge quantity of debris that shall be generated because of cutting of hill slopes. A part of this shall be utilized for construction of retaining walls. embankments and as filling materials. However, still a good quantum of this has to be disposed off safely at pre identified disposal sites. Table 6.5 shows some of the disposal sites identified and selected as a consequence n.;omr,i nrj urLfmnr 'C.OCZ 6-14 -½visea cnd 6Csc14e Cv L- MA Mizoram Stote Roads Project Phose-It -" . EIA ,or PI B. June 2003 of change in the alignment of the existing road, which can accommodate as much as 158,530 m3. Table 6-5: Disposal Stations (DS) Selected for Disposal of Debris Chainage RHS/LHS Station Chainage RHSALHS Station From To From To DS 1 100.860 100.980 LHS DS 13 133.880 133.980 RHS DS 2 101.680 101.860 LHS DS': 135.300 1135.340 RHS DS 3 102.040 102.140 LHS DS 15 142.690 142.740 RHS DS 4 103.040 103.220 RHS DS 16 151.300 151.360 RHS DS 5 107.260 107.440 LHS DS 17 151.440 151.500 RHS DS 6 108.720 108.820 LHS DS 18 152.160 152.180 RHS DS 7 112.520 112.560 LHS 0S 19 152.520 152.580 RHS DS 8 113.920 113.980 LHS DS 20 152.600 152.620 RHS DS 9 117.580 117.600 RHS DS 21 155.120 155.200 RHS DS 10 121.140 121.240 LHS DS 22 155.770 155.790 RHS DS 11 124.960 125.060 RHS DS 23 155.920 155.960 RHS DS 12 128.340 128.440 RHS | DS 24 156.000 156.040 RHS Several disposal sites, earlier proposed for usage, have been cancelled for various reasons. Table 6.6 lists those sites along with the reasons for omissions. Table 6-6: Reasons for omitting some Disposal Stations (DS) Station Chainage Reasons for Station Chainage Reasons for Omissions Omissions DS 1 100.050 Marshy area present DS 10 144.050 Hill side Alignment DS 2 101.375 Hill side Alignment DS 11 146.500 Hill side Alignment DS 3 107.890 Hill side Alignment DS 12 Within Riverine reserve 149.480 torest land DS 4 120.170 Hill side Alignment DS 13 Within Riverine reserve 150.540 forest land DS S 120.920 Hill side Alignment DS 14 152.600 Hill side Alignment DS 6 123.800 Hill side Alignment DS 15 155.980 Hill side Alignment OS 7 127.700 Hill side Alignment 0S 16 157.250 Hill side Alignment DS 8 134.125 Hill side Alignment DS 17 158.765 Hill side Alignment DS 9 136.480 Hill side Alignment . DS 18 159.850 Hill side Alignment Five more disposal sites were identified during the IER survey of the road. These sites are shown in Table 6.7. The total amount of debris, which can be dumped in the new sites identified, is 1 2480 m3. _ ; >Dinci Docume,rr 'y Y;C' : CS 6-15 :ised cnc nucccrec cv ' .S 6-1 ¢ AMAzorom Stcfe Rooos C'iject Phose-lI EIA fcr P! 2. June 2003 Table 6-7: Disposal Stations (DS) identified during Survey Station Choinage Volume RHS/LHS From To (m3) DS I 145.600 145.700 4044.0 RHS DS2 157.200 157.240 386.0 RHS DS 3 163.060 163.220 6694.0 LHS DS 4 163.280 163.320 367.0 LHS DS 5 163.440 163.500 989.0 LHS Certain locations are to be avoided for disposal of waste material, as these locations are ecologically important. Table 6.8 lists out such locations. Figure 6.3 and Figure 6.4 show chainage-wise locations of marsh and fishpond which need to the protected from disposal of waste material. Figure 6.5 shows pictorial view of sites that need to the avoided from disposal of waste material. In general, the disposal sites were selected keeping in mind the following aspects; * Water resources such as ponds. rivers should not get polluted: * The disposal site should have adequate capacity to contcin the waste material: . Sites rich in bio-diversity must be avoided; and a The disposal site should not be located downwind side of the residential areas. a Protection Measures to Contain Disposed Material In order that the excavated rock / soil does not spread all over on the valley side, toe walls of the following design will be provided at disposal site depending on the amount of dumped material: Dry Random Rubble Masonry for Heights < = 2.0 m . Bamboo / Gabion Wire Crates / Bamboo Crib Walls for Heights <=2.0 m > Gabions for Heights > 2.0 m < = 5.0 m Composite Random Rubble Masonry for Heights > 2.0 m < = 5.0 m Precautions to be cdopted during debris disposal / waste material are presented in Annexure 6.2 * Rehabilitation of Dump Sites Locations of dumpsites are as indicated in Table 6.5 and Table 6.7 The disposal sites as given in Table 6.7 have been selected as a consequence of change in alignment of the road. These sites do not contain any environrmental resources, which require protection. The areas surrounding these dump sites hove indigenous vegetation available throughout the project corridor. O.ilO- 0CcUmEfrl ntby CT& iC ES 6-16 ;.ev;sec .nd e-y-S6-16 Mizororn Stote Roads Pro)ect Phose-t EIA for PIB. June 2003 N A~~~~~~~~A /So ~ ~~~~ rfCO No 101/i Ma conSIvucIO < './ c¢; > , 01~o ciigtI. HP 1 X 0.90 m dio R s~~~~~~~~~u aIct X ieodgnm.>I MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT,l DelallEsr,ieprred Lo':,,I CiTa'll ;ii GOVERNMENT OF MizoRAM Original Document by ICT &g CES 6-17 d Revised ond Uoadoted cy' LASA t Mizoram State Roads Project Pnose-ll EIA for PIB June2003 z 09 D CD 0 -~~~~7 Sc.~~~ce: ~Pond to be avoided for Disposal MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT. rJM5icd En"e- Dwm~rg PHASE 11, PWD, - wa- by ICT of Cut material GOERNMENT OF MIZORAM Figure 6.4 Original Docum ent by ICT &CES 61 Revisced and Updoted by LASA I~ M'izorom Stone Roods Project Phase-11 O P6 _, EIA for PIB. June 2003 Waterfall at Chainage 151.480 Fish Pond at Clhainage 101.900 Banvan Thee at Chainiage 115.350 Figure 6.5: Sites to be Protected from Disposal of Waste Material Table 6-8: Sites to be avoided for Disposal of Waste Material Reason to avoid Disposal Chainage Marshy area 100.160 Tree fern Cyotheo Sp. 16 110.140, 111.680, 111.900, 112.680, 115.700. 117.420, 134.206, 138.020, 139.860, 140.020. 140.040. 140,300, 140.455, 142.100, 151.320 Pond is present 101.900, 128.060, 128.120 Orchid Vanda coerulea is present 111.320 Big (Baoyan) Trees 104.765, 115.350 Tlowng River 150.300 Waterfalls are present 150.960, 151.480, 151.600, 151.660, 151.780, 151.840, 151.940, 152.200 Important Biological Areas (IBAs) 100.110 to 100.210, 111.630 to 111.750. 117.370 to 117.470. 137.770 to 138.870. 139.810 to 139.910 ond 149.980 to 157.900 16 Some areas where Cvathea spp. are found, fall under the IBAs Origin.al Document ba ICT c. CES 6-19 Revis?ci and Upoatea. by Le i-' !ai M,zorom Stole Roads Project Phase-ll ElA forPIB. June 2003 - The terrain being mountainous, it has been estimated that the amount of spoil and cut material to be disposed off will exceed the amount than the identified dumpsites could absorb. > These dumpsites have to be suitably rehabilitated by planting local species of shrubs and other plants. Local species of trees {e.g. bamboo etc.) are also to be planted so that the landscape is coherent and is in harmony with its various components. r Terraces can be made on the dumpsites and converted to plantation or for growing agricultural produce such as ginger, t :: ieric, and oranges. > In cases where a dumpsite is close to the local village community settlements, it could be converted into a play field by spreading the dump material evenly on the ground. Such playground could be made coherent with the landscape by planting trees all along the periphery of the playground. Location of Construction / Labour Camps Likely candidate locations for construction camps are indicated in Table 6.9. However, out of these five locations only two could be found satisfying all the criteria for setting up of construction camp. These two locations are given in Table 6.1 0. Table 6-9: Locations Identified for construction labour camps Chainoge Direction Nearest Village Chainage of Village 100.490 West Kanghmun 104.100 101.685 East Kanghmun 104.100 123.800 West Mualthum 121.900 124.590 East Mualthum 121.900 1 46.500 West Mousen 1 42.760 Table 6-10: Locations proposed for construction labour camps that satisfies all conditions Chainoge Direction Nearest Village 123.800 West Muolthum 124.590 East Muolthum The construction camps will be located at least 500m away from habitations at identified sites and 1OOOm away from those listed in Table 6.8. All other sanitary and heaith facilities shall be provided at these locations as per Annexure 6.3 Rehabilitation of Quarry / Borrow Pits As hill cutting shall produce enough earth material for road works and aggregate material shall be procured from quarries located in the Priority road P1A, Quarrying and borrowing operations are not envisaged in the project corridor. But in cose earth material produced doesn't meet the required standard and the Contractor has to Originol Document by ICT & CES 6-20 Revised and updcred ry LASA Mizoram Slc!e Roads Project Phase-fl EIA for P19, June 2003 make borrow pits/quarry areas, the borrow pits/quarries has to be rehabilitated by following the instructions presented in Appendix 6.4. Compaction of Soil The construction equipment. vehicles and machinery shall be moved or stationed only in designated areas (COI or ROW as applicable), while operating on temporarily acquired land for traffic detours, storage, material handling or any other construction related or incidental activity. Topsoil from agricultural land must be removed and preserved, which after the activity is over should be replaced and . properly rehabilitated. 6.4.2. Watercourses And Water Bodies The water resources are likely to be affected during execution of the project. It is therefore, imperative that adequate mitigation measures are adopted and incorporated into the project designs to offset the adverse impacts. In sections below some of these measures are described. All water sources potable or else used by the public/community e.g. water tanks at the streams if lost due to widening of the road shall be replaced immediately. Relocation of the source of water shall be decided in consultation with the local people. Replacement shall be carried out prior to demolition of the existing structure/source of water. Drainage and Hydrological flow a Detailed drainage surveys and hydrological investigdtions have been ccrried out and suitable design of bridges and culverts proposed. V-shaped 150mm thick drains of cement concrete having top width of 600mm and depth of 300mm - 900mm shall be provided towards the hillside all along the corridor except in inhabited areas. * In inhabited areas, the cross-drainage structures provided have 100mm thick drain of cement concrete with top and bottom widths of 600mm and 230mm respectively and a depth of 350mm. The existing culverts and other drainage structures will be replaced with new cross-drainage structures of sizes as mentioned above. In addition to the above design requirements, the contractor shall ensure that during construction work the following are taken care of: * Construction work near water bodies have to be carried out in such a way that flow of water is not blocked. Even if it has to be blocked, the contractor must ensure that the local communities are informed about the same in advance. Work near the water bodies should be carried out in dry season. • Flooding of local drainage channels, waterfalls/streams; Orfgi- at Document 0, IC j. CES 6-21 ReviseC ond Updacted tM va:i! Mizorom Stote Roods Project Phase-l1 -> EIA for P I8. June 2003 * Measures to ensure that remnants from earthwork, stonework and other waste material do not hinder the cross-drainage of rivers, canals, streams and existing irrigation channels: and * In sections of the road near to watercourses or cross-drainage channels, the construction material waste would be disposed off in a manner not to block the flow of water. & The wastes arising from the project would be collected, stored and disposed off at approved disposcl sites as per St-We Pollution Control Board norms. Quality of water in water bodies The quality of water in the water bodies (Tlowng River, marsh, and Ponds) shall be maintained by adopting following mitigation measures: * Construction work close to the streams/water bodies and construction of bridges will be avoided during monsoon. & Silt fencing to be provided near construction area to prevent sediments entering the watercourses. * The fuel storage and vehicle cleaning area shall be stationed at least 300m away from the nearest drain/water body * The slope of the embankments leading to water bodies shall be modified and re- channelled to prevent entry of contaminants into the water body. * Discharge of oil and grease is most likely from construction vehicle parking area, vehicle repair area and workshops. An oil interceptor shall be provided to ensure that all wastewater flows into the interceptor prior to its discharge. Enhancement of Waterfalls Though there are a number of waterfalls along the project roads, most of these are seasonal in nature and are dried up as soon as the monsoon season is over. Applying appropriate mitigation measures, however, should preserve some of these waterfalls. One water fall at Km.151.780 is identified for enhancement. Figure 6.6 (a) and Figure 6.6 (b) depicts how the waterfall could be preserved and developed / enhanced as a recreation spot. At the location enhancement is carried out as explained below: . This approach of developing the waterfall gives special consideration to the environmental sustainability aspects of the feature. The fall is made visually close but physically- away from viewers. * On the hillside of the carriageway. a hold up tank is proposed. On the immediate periphery of this will be the flowering shrub plantations of the indigenous species. Beyond this there will be viewing platforms, which allow higher-level view of the fall. Adjacent to this, away from the waterfall, parking is proposed. On the valley side of the carriageway, water is allowed to pass through a culvert to another smaller hold up tank from where it is allowed to fall downward. Original Docurnent by [CT & CES 6-22 Revised and Updated by LASA AMizorom S,c!z Roods Project Pnose-I1 EIA for P 18. June 2003 v On the hillside, retaining walls can be provided on both sides of the waterfall, depending upon the erosion control requirement. In these walls, soi! can be filled and bright floral varieties planted. This shall stabilize as well as beautify the surroundings. * One prominent waterfall is identified for enhancement. This has considerable flow and is aesthetically appealing. This waterfall needs conservation as per the designs mentioned above and some infrastructure to augment local/regional tourism. . No built-up development is proposed, unless in co-ordination with the tourism authorities. The possibility of engaging private partners for maintenance and ck.aning may be explored. Water Consumption and Harvestinq Potential water flows in the several natural drainage courses available on the Upgradation road PIB are assessed. Seven locations were identified and recommended for procuring water during construction to avoid shortage of water to the local community. The community can use these water storage structures in the long-term. Recommendations were made based on the feasibility of constructing the storage considering (a) availability of space; (b) avoiding potential damage to the road; (c) avoiding large/high dams/walls; (d) slope and stability of terrain. The storage tanks should not be washed away during torrents, and therefore restricted storage, allowing for spill over needed to be designed. * To overcome the impact on water resources, locations as indicated in Table 6.11 are selected for water harvesting. Figures 6.7 & 6.8 shows typical design of water harvesting structures Table 6-11: Water Harvesting Locations No. Chainage Direction 1 101.780 LHS 1 102.420 LHS 3 125.000 LHS 4 141.950 LHS 5 144.000 RHS 6 150.160 Tlowng River 7 152.860 LHS . Water harvesting structure can be built in stone masonry, oriented to receive the water from the valley side of the contours. The higher levels should be planted with trees and thick shrubs to control the speed of water. This shall also control the erosion on the hillside and avoid silting of the tanks. Originol Documrrn oy tCr ' EsS 6-23 -levisdc c!n Upcraec - - - -l- r -~ --- --- - j~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * I--- -'. ,-~ i4-+ S ----HILL - --- , S/<'- I . - ;-, ,,z'~~~- AL /- /ALv-- " / / 0 EXISTPARKING /PARKING /~~~~ , ..b30'.+4 .5_. '3 LEGEN EXISTING PAVEMNT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I~Z~ M ETA L LI RO A D \ MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT - PHASE 11 Figure. WATERFALL: Enhancement of Incidental ____MIZRAMSTAEROADSROJECTPHASEI 6. 6 A Space, Km 1 51 .780 N LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. 0 OBSERVATION / 4A EMEATION ELEVATION 4 ASECTION AA i N R P - PLAN DEAl OF RAU D ET ILS O FT I O FR AAILIN Figure. WATERFALL: Enhancement of Incidental N AS 6.6 B Space, Km 151.780 E'I/ LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. r 500 Holes for spillover 1.. *Water Tank H.j t ~t Water Tank -Stone masonry Hill - -- Chekda Spillover drained to * nearest culvert f) rorin 'I G-a f -Stone masonry wall Carriageway parapet - =~: | | Valley MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT - PHASE 11 Drawing No. Water Harvesting on Hill Side 6.7 LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. Hill Side 1 * > a _ D~~~~~roin 0.6 wide Orain OASm ~~~i8~ tone masonry wall ______-__ 11___ Carriogeway parapet Spiflover!I E11 - i~ , | 1Valley | I \ --. [ I- Pilot Tank -'I-- parUly underground /C/ulvt §ft4/X1 ipeCul v rt I I / I -~~~~~Pilot Tank / { ; g / A ~~~~~paflty unedergroundXX ,' X i:1- A[^~~~~~~~~~~~Ppe Cul Spillover to be carried by drain to nearest cullvertj PLAN Drawing No. Wcter Harvesting at Hill MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT - PHASE 11 6.8 and Road Interface Lt Mizorom Storte Rocds Proinct Phose-tl EfA for PI B. JQnre 2003 Fuel and Lubricants * Fuel shall be stored in proper bounded areas. * All spills and collected petroleum products shall be disposed off in accordance with the guidelines framed by Ministry of Environment & Forests, New Delhi and Mizoram Pollution Control Board. * Maintenance and refuelling of vehicles, machinery and other construction equipment shall be carried out in such c fashion that spillage of fuels and lubricants does not conTaminate the ground. e An "Oil Interceptor" (Figure 6.9) shall be provided for wash down and refuelling areas. After the construction of road is over, the concerned State Government Department must prepare contingency plan so as to contain accidental spills. Hot-mix Plant Effluents from the hot-mix plants in the form of oil, grease, etc., if not contained and disposed properly could lead to pollution of land and water in the adjacent areas. This ,mpact would be more pronounced in the stretch of 101.900, 126.850 & 126.910km, where there are three ponds and a marsh at km 100.160 near the road. The oil and grease generated may be disposed into pits filled with the clay-shale dominant debris that would be produced by earth cutting. This material is a good absorbent and can later be removed and disposed in safer places. Air Quality Following mitigation measures shall be implemented to minimise impacts due to air pollution. * Location of hotmix plants/asphalt plants/batching plants shall be atleast 1 km down wind of the settlements * Wind breaking wall shall be provided at sources of dust & Vehicles transporting fines shall be covered t Dust extraction units shall be fitted to hot mix plants . Water will be sprayed on haul roads / temporary detours and on subgrode after compaction * Emission levels of gases from hotmix plants/asphalt plants shall conform to CPCB norms * To confirm that pollutant levels are within emission regulations, frequent monitoring shall be carried out _-,-ginci Documer tby ;cr g C'8; :?evised cnC5 Upoatec y LASA 6-2 =^?t;$ P.C.C. (M20) FINISHED WIH THICK M.S. fLOAllNG COAT OF NEAT ENT .675_ 5 100 SLURY SLOPE 1:40 DRA N P C.C (M20) INLET PIPE 10 OMM t zvw Lg ffi E~~~~~BFfFLE WALL - l--- t _ @ ~~~~~~~~~~~250 MMI THICK BFd- 2nr - ;7-X- RAMMED BRICK BWT IN FS CL A _ _ MORTOR 75MM THICK P.C.C. (M20) BED SECTION A-A 50 100 50 50 AS PER REQUIREMENT RAMMEM EARTI _ SECTION -B-B SLOPE 1:40 l 1 ~~~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1575- ORAIN WITH A SLOPE OF 1:40- r SLOPE 1:40 BRtICK WALL / 8> 25' ia . 50 I 10~~~~~~I iom0M PIPF 70 '3 Rt)AD SIDE DIT ltr d5 1375 KEY PLAN 'PLAN OF OIL INTERCEPTOR SCALE 500MM 200MM OMM 500MM 1000mm MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT- PHASFI 11 I. rOLLOW WRITTLNADIMENSIONS ONLY CHECKED, HRUSHIKESII 2) 0LL IMENIN NMMUNLESS50Tl(ERtSE STATED SCALE: 1.20 DEIGED FIG 6.9. DESIGN AND LOCATION OF OIL INIERCEPTOR_. 3)SIE PEIFC .INGES IF ANY, TO BE MIADE ONLY ON APPROVAL OF SA 1A'PO:DRU51E .Lea Associatles Souli Asi;a Pvt. Ltd. j~~ I H NNERAPOD. _ PLL Mizorom Stote Roads Project Phose-! EIA [Cf P' B. June 2002 6.4.3. Noise Quality The following measures could be adopted to mitigate the impact of observed noise levels: * Noise barriers of various barrier-wall shapes and textures along with landscaping (i.e. by planting trees, bushes and shrubs). The important factors that should be taken into account are relative height of the barWier, the noise source and the horizontal distance between the source and the barrier and between the barrier and the noise-affected area. . Planting of tfees, bushes and shrubs could also be utilized to reduce noise levels provided the plantings are very dense and have significant depth. * Other noise control measures include limitations on allowable grades eg. Open- graded asphalt and avoidance of surface dressings to reduce tire noise in sensitive areas. Maintenance of proper road surface repairs also helps in reducing noise levels. * Noise problems can be minimized by using silenced equipment, following noise control regulations and limiting work hours near residential areas. . Facade insulation such as double window glazing, which is usually adopted to damper/ noise in buildings. • Barriers and mounds of various materials, which place a solid obstacle between the road and homes nearby. These usually take the form of earth mounds or solid walls of wood, metal or concrete. These walls are known as sound barriers, fences or sources and can be used in conjunction with noise mounds to give additional effective height. Noise barriers will be r. iost effective if they break the line of sight between noise source and the properties being protected. and if these are thick enough or adsorb or reflect the noise received. * Christian Hospital Lunglei At the Christian Hospital Lunglei, special noise mitigation measures are proposed. The land around the Lunglei hospital belongs to the Church and they are willing to donate the land involved in the road construction as long as the design takes into account noise and easy accessibility to the hospital and church. A final design (Figure 6.11) involving improvement of the existing junction, noise barriers such as rows of plants of different heights to block noise is proposed. The designs are prepared taking into consideration some minor improvements requested by the Church Officials and aesthetics. (Figure 6.10) * School at Ramlaitui A noise barrier wall has been proposed for the Government Middle School at Ramlaitui at chainage 111.260 km. The proposed noise bcrrier shall be a 3m high masonry wall. The contractor cs per the direction and satisfaction of the Supervision Consultant shall build the wall. Design of the noise barrier is given in Figure 6.12. or;cvnol Docu"'nent oy 'CT Es 6-30 s'v;secf cnd Updctec sy L..:S ;,,,zoram State Roods Project Phase-II EIA for PIS, June 2003 Va 1 I?CC& Chlurch Officials Discussiing Design of lCC.& Ch/urclh OfficialsDiscussing Desigin of Hospitll AAretrea - Lglei Figure 6.10: Consultation with Church Officials regarding development of Hospital Area 6.5. ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT - MITIGATION MEASURES 6.5.1. Terrestrial Ecology Flora * Riverine Reserve forest and Proposed Saza-Tlang Sanctuary and IBAs Though a reserve forest exists for half a mile on Mausen side of the Tlawng River. there is little enforcement and human intervention is widespread. This is evident, as the Revenue Department of the State has issued ownership/occupation rights on the Pukpui (Lunglei) side of the River Tlawng. This human intervention has seriously degraded the reserve forest. The Regional Chief Conservator of Forests' Shillong Office is also set to clear the diversion of Forestland for the project. Widening on the hillside shall only involve very short stretches, less than I km in length over several locations within the proposed Soza-Tlawng sanctuary. Government of Mizoram has also already notified 5m wide strips on both sides of several important roads including P1 (Aizawl - Lunglei) as road reserve and shall be utilised for the project. The stretches mentioned as Important Biodiversity Areas (IBA) are ecologically important and have the highest species diversity in the project area. Care should be taken to arrest any negative impact on the proposed, reserve forest and IBAs by adopting the following mitigation measures: Plantation of trees (species specified) to be undertaken to offset any negative impact on the flora. , Erection of signboards as specified by the engineer in the area mentioning reserve forest and proposed sanctuary. .'igilyc! Docu.ent cr &CTes 6-31 CES evisen arns bcgoXed oy LASA rOsml STOW! SARTO mIS^C WALS W /u rD n s PROPOSW~{ SOO'! flSftYWVTST'O WLL E~~~~ ~ ~ ;rw w_I sJlIai /~~~~~~~~~~~1 1 j XADAM!E ONRECTML SICS ax RWtE -ATER SOT GOVERNMENT WOFKS DEP RA=MENI 0E 5 Plan For 20nctn Xd MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT PHASE-U| r=.IZRAoSAToRADoPhJCTPR1E0018 Lt Figure GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM SCALE ~~~~~~~~~~IMPROVEMENT AND UPGRADATION OF -5~ f~ 6.1 PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT EK~=Eoad (SKI) At ChrLatisn Hospit.l Serkaw KM 100.000 TO 167.943 tChkbyIRflo =~- U - -a--a90C 0~ *~~~~~~~~~~~Rno Rube Maoayi eetMra : Aizw' b\\ N '°URINAL 4°° 1 1 0.350 0O D-:\aerJt\,mzor It\Ph0t.\oohll.jp9 D. \rdrlt\mnizor= 11\ph0t*\*choolZpg Noise Barrier wall of 3mn h t, 0. 3m width using Stone Random Rubble Masonary in Cement Mortar 1: 3 L-i1 Water Storage Tank MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT - PHASE 11 Figure. Noise Barrier at Govt. Middle * 6.12 School at Ramlaitui LEAAssociates SouthAsia Pvt. Ltd. MIizoram State Roods Project PPose-1I EtA for P B8. June 2003 No disposal of debris (other than at areas identified and listed in Table 6.7 and 6.9) to take place within the present area of the Riverine reserve forest, proposed sanctuary and the IBAs17. > Protection of floral species according to directions of the engineer. . Replantation The estimated loss of about 11 77 trees would have to be compensated by extensive plantations of about 11 770 saplings. The project will involve the Lcal NGOs to re- vegetate the slopes as per the tree plantation strategy developed. While plantation is a onetime cost of the project, there is provision fo provide financial incentive to the local NGOs for maintenance. Species identified in Table 6.3 and 6.4 should be used as far as practicable, strictly avoiding any exotic (but popular) species like Eucalyptus that can have far-reaching adverse effects on the ecology and water regime of the area. The species in the above mentioned tables have been identified after considering their local availability, growth, adaptability, invasiveness nature and mainly bioengineering capabilities. Detailed specifications have been appended to the EMP. * Protection of Important Floral Species: Activities during the construction period are likely to have adverse impact on the endangered plant species located along the carriageway. Bamboo fencing is proposed for the trees and the shrubs of the area. Provision of bamboo fencing during construction phase is depicted in the Figure 6.13. For the shrubs, especially Cyothea spp., an endangered species in the region, closely spaced bamboo 125-150mm poles shall be erected as a fence at the edge of the corridor of impact to stop the falling debris. A drain shall be dug along the Col to prevent runoff from flowing towards the valley. In case of other plant species requiring shade, a barbed wire fence covered with bamboo mats shall be provided. Fauna The contractor shall take responsibility of prohibiting activities like hunting and poaching of avian and other faunal species, by the construction workers all throughout the project corridor and especially within the IBAs. The IBAs identified are listed in Section 3.2 and includes the whole area under proposed sanctuary and the Riverine Reseo/r Forest. -iigin,! : C:urnent y tCr e C, 6 34 S -.- sec jr,c:J ! _-'c oy L.-g/ <> ~Cham;thai , \ 1 \ _ ;1( /4s 6/ltu~~~~~~~~and3 a )~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~Z . . ' b'@3 y.*;6f'U t jJ F a Th ; fh ,L .rN1rthrog ,nati~S %( : Y' ' 5Si 1' - > ~ .7 Impem ntaio Arrangementstdm 7. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS Since Phase I of MSRP is already being implemented by the MPWD. the arrangements for the Phase ll is built on the suggestions of the Sectoral Environmental Assessment using the experiences of Phase I. By-and-large, the project implementation is going on as envisaged. There are a few aspects of the work, particularly those relating to the procurement of small service contractors, where streamlining is required during Phase 11. These are addressed at appropriate locations in sections that follow. 7.1. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION UNIT, MPWD The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) is entrusted with the responsibility of the MSRP. from preparation to implementation of both phases. Currently staffed with 7 full-time officials, the Unit is functioning from PWD headquarters in Aizawl. A Project Director (PD), an officer of the Superintending Engineer rank, heads the PIU. The PD is assisted by three officials (two Executive Engineers and a Special Land Acquisition Officer), one each looking after procurement. Environmental and Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) issues. These officers in turn have one assistant engineer each, with an account officer also assisting the Executive Engineer in-charge of procurement. Experience in Phase I shows that the existing environmental staff of PIU is falling short of manpower to undertake field visits to inspect work sites. With the implementation of Phase II, all the works will be running simultaneously. Hence, to ensure adequate supervision and monitoring from the PIU, another A.E (Environment) will be procured for assisting E.E(Environment) for implementation of Phase-Il. 7.2. OTHER STAKEHOLDERS The PIU has availed services of several consultants for the project - for assisting it with preparation, institutional strengthening and supervision of implementation of MSRP Phase-l1. In addition, services of a Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) have also been procured as part of the project for implementation of the R&R activities and plantation on the roadside, where extra land is available and has recently been declared as road reserve. Implementation of the actual construction will be through Contractors procured through International Competitive Bidding (ICB) route. For major maintenance component, field units (divisions) of the PWD will act as supervisors and a consultant is expected to provide quality assurance services. Contractors for maintenance component are to be procured through National Competitive Bidding (NCB). The project will also require monitoring by other government cgencies as MPCB. Department of Environment and Forests etc., at various points in the project cycle. The implementation mechanism of PlU, environmental cell is shown in the flow diagram in Figure 7-1. (IQIns CDcrmer Dt ICT 2. CES 7-1 :. cn=viej C,j upcc eoy oi' S.-- iI ;4 Mizoram Stote Roads Project Phose-it EIA for PI B. June 2003 Ergineer-in-chief - >| Project Director- MSRP-- - - --- - - Env. Specialist Special Land r GRC _ EE - h En ginee D.O. (Major Acquisition Officer | .| D (Environment) and Suport Maintenance) -I M ~~~~~~DCProfessionals I . v __I + P |Q.A. M AEE (R&R) - C C | AEEs R&R Manager AELC ____ ___ (Environment) Environment) B u Indepcendent M&E 1G Contractor Consultants Contractor implementing NGO ir for Implementing Consultant for R&R__ Roadside Implementing Additional Major R&R activities ------plantation Upgradation Studies Maintenance KEY MSRP = Mizoram Slate Road Project GRC Gievance Redressal Committee DO = Divisional Officer EE - Executive Engineer DLC Distrct Level Committee QA = Quality Assurance AEE Assistont Executive Engineer SC = Supervision Consultant Acc. Otf - Account Officer VLC= Vllage Level Committee MPCB - Mizoram Pollution Control Board - M&E Monitoring & Evaluation NGO - Non Governmental Organization R&R = Resettlement & Rehobilitation Figure 7.1: Implementation Arrangement yncr Document by ICr & CES -2 ciseci ndt Updated by l.ASA 7 l i M,zororn Scte .'oods Project Phase-I1 ,A 'or P B. June 2003 7.3. ENVIRONMENTAL CELL, PIU The Environmental Cell within the PIU, MPWD includes the Executive Engineer and an Assistant Environmental Engineer. They, operating as representatives of the Employer and as a unit are to ensure that the MSRP complies with the environmental covenants of the agreement with the IDA. The Environmental Cell will continue to: * Monitor progress of the implementation of the EMP measures in consonance with the timeline for the project within the allotted budget; & Support Division offices' staff on the implementation of ERMP measures along the routes selected for the mcaor maintenance component; * Maintain interaction with the various other statutory bodies like Mizoram Pollution Control Board; ^ Occasionally inspect the environmental measures being implemented by the Contractor and the NGO responsible for plantation; Report progress of works, both in terms of ph-.ical progress and quality for transmission to statutory authorities such as the Ministry of Environment and Forests as well as the World Bank Group; * Facilitate training of appropriate PWD staff on Environmental aspects, either through the Environmental Specialist(s) of the Construction Supervision Consultants and/or External trciners; and * Document and disseminate good practices. bottlenecks and their resolution during the implementation of environmental measures as part of MSRP. 7.4. PROJECT CO-ORDINATING CONSULTANTS The role of the PCC, assisting the MPWD in project preparation, gradually reduces as the project moves entirely into the implementation stage. However, their limited presence will remain beyond preparation until the end of the project. A limited input from the Environmental and Social Experts is envisaged when the Supervision Consultant (SC) for Phase It mobilises. This will be for providing the SC with an overview of the environmental issues that are to be addressed during implementation. 7.5. SUPERVISION CONSULTANTS The Supervision Consultants will be the key to ensure the successful implementation of EMP provisions during Phase fi. As the 'Engineer' for the Contract, the SC will certify the Contractors' bills. Since ICB procurement is envisoged, the selected consultants are expected to have the necessary professional(s) to tackle the issues that MSRP Phase 11 is likely to bring up. The Environmental Specialist of the SC will be a key position that can be leveraged to ensure thot the Contractor complies with the various EMP Cii_,,, nci C-ccurgne, tC- d _ES 7RA MCizorom Store oaods Project Phc,se-11 -'A for P 18, June 2003 requirements. The draft Terms of Reference for Environmental Specialist are given below: The upgradation component of Phase 11 of MSRP will involve improvement the southern part.of Aizawl - Thenzawl - Lunglei Road (P1) between Buangpui (km 100.000) to Lunglei (km 169.400) & construction of Aizawl bypass with World Bank assistance. Environmental Management Plans have been prepared for the same which need to be foVlowed during the implementation of the civil works. The key responsibility of the Environmental Specialist will be the successful implementation of the EMP. In addition, s/he will report to the PIU and the World Bank on the progress of environmental protection and/or enhancement works as envisaged in the EMP. S/he will also ensure that the environmental capacity available to the PIU during implementation of MSRP is successfully transferred to MPWD in general and PIU staff in particular. The desired qualifications of the Environmental Specialist are: . A degree in Civil and/or Environmental Engineering * 15 years of experience in Supervision of implementation of Environmental Management Plar, including at least one linear project * Prior practical experience in Hill Roads would be an advantage His/Her responsibilities will include: * Supervise and monitor the implementation of EMP by the Contractor * Review and approve site-specifi environmental mitigation/enhancement designs for waterfalls, locations for biodiversity protection, etc. worked out by the Contractor based on the sketches provided in the EMP prepared during project preparation * Review and recommend the Contractors' Implementation Plans for approval (with any changes that may be necessary) to ensure compliance with the environmental provisions of the Contract a Hold regular meetings with the Environmental Cell of the PIU and keep it updated on the progress of site works Prepare and submit Environmental progress report to the Environmental Cell Develop and organise environmental training programmes to upgrade the skills within the staff of the Environmental Cell, Contractors and other MPWD staff * Document and develop good practices during project implementation for wider dissernination MSRP Phase 11 will require continuous environmental supervision. It is desirable to have field staff with environmental functions to be on site for the duration of construction. Either the field engineers supervising construction can be trained on environmental aspects or one dedicated junior staff may be stationed for the duration of the project. 2'iginol Document *Ov lC. & CES 7-4 -Pevised and Updoter tot L.- SA =g ;¢ Mi^-¢"n Stote oaods Project Pnase-I! EIA for P IB. June 2003 7.6. NON - GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS Phase 11 of MSRP will utilise the services of a NGO for the implementation of R&R activities as well as for the plantation on the roadside, where extra land is available and has recently been declared as road reserve. The NGO will follow the specifications appended to the Environmental Management Plan for planting of saplings and for the maintenance of the plantation for 3 years. A separate amount is budgeted for this roadside plantation in addition to that for compensotorv plantation at the rate of 10 saplings for each tree felled. In addition to this, they will also be entrusted the function of occasionally visiting Important Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) already identified. In these stretches, they can motivate the local people for conservation efforts and supplement the endeavours of the Environmental Specialist. They can also send their representatives for training programmes conducted by the CS and/or PIU so that these grass-roots level workers can go back to the site and train village council representatives of settlements. 7.7. QUALITY ASSURANCE CONSULTANTS The major maintenance component in Phase 11 requires more environmental supervision than envisaged for Phase 1. Since the Kanhmun - Tuilutkawn (M2) corridor passes through Dampa Tiger Reserve towards its southern end for nearly 10 km, it is su.ggested that Type Ill treatment that envisages building the road subgrade upwards be avoided in this section of M2. This is reflected in the ERMP. Moreover, the Zobawk - Haulawng road (M6) is being converted from its current earthen condition to a blacktopped road. Therefore, the levels of impact are anticipated to be higher on this particular stretch. The QA consultants need to be aware of these special requirements. It is expected that like Phase 1, there will be provision for Environmental staff as part of the QA consultants' ToR so that these issues are accorded due importance. 7.8. CONTRACTORS Execution of works will be responsibility of the contractor. The contractor will also implement the nvironmental measures since they are already a part of the BoQ for Phase IlL. This has been done with a view to ensure that road construction and environmental management go together. As executioners guided by the EMP and/or ERMP, Contractors need to be sensitised to the needs of Hill Roads. Though the individual Contractor's set up will vory, they are expected to have sufficient environmental input to ensure that works entrusted to them are implemented on the ground. Civil Engineers with implementation experience on highways, and an understanding of environmental issues, or better - post-degree qualification in environmental engineering should provide a continuous expertise with the SC's Oric,no/l (cCcmer!r iby ICT & CES 7-5 ^.e:isea o;'d Ucc!o,^ o ^ >54 - !09 Mizoram State Roads Project Phose-ll EIA for P1IS June 2003 Environmental Specialist. The responsibilities of Environmental Engineer of the Contractor are: a Provide key inputn in the development of the Contractors' implementation plan for all construction activities, including haulage of material to site. adhering to the requirements of the EMP and getting approval of SC on the same before start of works. * Ensure that the regulatory permissions required for the construction equipment, vehicles and machinery (liv'en in the EMP) have been obtained and are valid at all times during the execution of the project. * Identify locations for siting construction camps and other plants, machinery, vehicles and equipment, as well as locations for storage and disposal of wastes, both from the construction camps and from the site and obtain approval for the same from the Environmental Specialist of the SC. * Detail out site-specific environmental mitigation and enhancement measures based on sketches provided as part of the EMP and obtain approval of SC for the same. * Carry out the measurements of environmental mitigation and/or enhancement works and prepare bills for -he same for approval and payment through the SC's Environmental Specialist. * Ensure that the safety of the workers and other site users is not compromised during construction. * Ensure that adequate monitoring facilities are available for collecting samples of all discharges from the Contractor's plants, equipment and camps. a Verify the extent of environmental compliance at sites from where the Contractor is procuring the material - quarries, crushers or even sand and suggest appropriate mitigation measures, if required. o Participate in training programmes and assist the PIU in preparing documnentation for good practices in environmental protection as part of MSRP. 7.9. MONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES The monitoring plan prepared for Phase 11 focuses on activities that can have significant environmental impacts and can be controlled with appropriate mitigation and/or enhancement measures. The results of monitoring will provide important information regarding the effectiveness of the proposed measures and thus influence decision-making process. The monitoring includes the use of: * Visual observations of activities which (can) cause pollution * Sampling and analysis of air, water or noise levels close to sensitive receptors at regular specified intervals using methods specified in the EMP. • Feedback from NGO for IBA's * Surveying and enumeration of biodiversity C r;gincl DcLmr-ent oy ;C7 I ..Es 7-6 iI s .evsecl cnd U,pcC:ed 3y yA Mizorom Stcte RoCdS Project Phase-t JA for P. I E June 2003 7.10. REPORTING SYSTEM Reporting system provides the necessary feedback for project management to ensure quality of the works and that the program is on schedule. The rationale for a reporting system is based on accountability to ensure that the measures proposed as part of the Environmental Management Plan get implemented in the project. Reporting system for the suggested monitoring program operates at two levels as: * Reporting for environmental condition indicators and environmenitril management indicators * Reporting for operational performance indicators at the PIU level. The reporting system will operate linearly with the contractor reporting to the Supervision Consultant, who in turn shall report to the Project Director. All reporting by the Supervision Consultant shall be on a quarterly basis. The MPWD shall be responsible for preparing targets. for each of the identified EMP activities. All subsequent reporting by the contractor shall be monitored as per these targets set by the MPWD before the contractors move on to the site. The reporting by the Contractor will be monthly report like report of progress on construction and will form the basis for monitoring by the MPWD, either by its own Environmental cell or the Environmental Specialist hired by the Supervision Consultant. Along with these reports, NGO shall report progress of plantation and survival rate as per the monitoring plan. Table 7.1 summarises the monitoring and reporting arrangements. Individual formats are given in Annexure 7.1 Table 7-1 : Summary of Reporting of Environmental components in Phase II of MSRP Supervision Consultant PIU, MPWD Format Target Sheet Timing Reporting to Compliance Report to Forma Sup______[~ ervision IPIU, MPWD jMonitoring WB Construction Phase BeforeT ci Construction camp construction Quarterly Quarterly As required Quarterly C2 Disposal locations Before AS required One time Quarterly construction A eurd Oetm urel C3 Borrow areas Beore As required One time Quarterly constructionI C4 Protection measures Before Quarterly One time T As required Quarterly fo___ tr endangered flora construction _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Cs Pollution monitoring During As required After Quarterly Construc-ion Monitoring I C6 Cleaning culvert construction Quarterly Quarterly i Quarterly Quarterly openings _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C7 CrBiiverity Constructon Quarterly Quarterly Quarterly n onitorina__ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Operation Phase 01 I Roadside plantation Operation |I Quarterly Quarterly 02 1 Culvert openings Operotin I I Qucrterly Q Quorterly 03 Bioengineering Operation I ! As required I Quarterly nfIC;nt'fC ioc.rnernr ov 'c a c 7 7C :'.e. uec and^ ,u;- -;tecz OD. LA$7. 7 Mizoram Srote Roocds Project Phase-it --..YQ-. - EIA for P18, June 2003 7.11. ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY BUILDING WITHIN MPWD The preparation of two phases of MSRP and the training programmes that have been organised during this period have sensitised members of the PIU and many key MPWD officials to environmental issues in the project. Targeted training modules and a clear setting of priorities by the PIU have been the key to success of the training so far. This needs to be built upon during the course of remainder of the MSRP so that the MPWD benefits from the expertise acquired by its staff well beyond the completion of MSRP. The focus of future training programmes has to be on implementation. Since project preparation is drawing to a close, the MPWD officials can concentrate on simultaneous progress of Phase I and 11. The proposed training should allow the officials to enhance their skills for effective nmonitoring of project by understanding the formats developed for reporting. Issues that the training can cover include the stability of slopes, their protection using civil engineering structures as well as bioengineering techniques, biodiversity and its protection, etc. For the former, on-site training such as in Nepal can be considered .^vhile for the latter training can be sourced from the biodiversity centre being planned in Imphal for the Northeast region. In addition, close interaction is required among members of the PIU responsible for the Environmental and R&R activities since it is envisaged that the two aspects will have a considerable overlap. It is envisaged that the training as part of MSRP will include training on several issues important for both teams simultaneously. The following modules (Table 7-2) are to be undertaken as part of MSRP Phase Il: Table 7-2: Modules for further training during MSRP II Session Particulars Short Description I Timing: After finalisation of Contracts Overview of responsibilities in MSRP for NGO ond Civil Works * The roles and responsibilities of the CS. NGO and the Target Group: Members of PIU, Contractor representatives of NGO. Environmental * Reporting orrangements Specialist of CS. Environmental stalf of * Contractual obligations. Environmental Protection and Social the Civil Controctor Development No of Trainees: 20 Special Issues in MSRP Mode of Training: Lectures. * The importance ot slope protection Presentation. Discussions Site visits along B Biodiversity and road construction Phase I route(s) * Preparation of Micro Plans Responsibility: External Agency or PCC. * Income generation and Economic Rehabilitation PlU -I Timing: During implementation of Phase Inter-Departmental Co-ordination 11 of MSRP * Clearance requirements and prescribed procedures Target Group: Members of the PIU. * Expectations of other departments - documentation and Senior staff of the MPWD's Planning Cell follow-up No. ot Trainees: 10 * Developing formats tor ease of reporting Mode of Training: Lectures. Discussions. * Improved co-ordination with Village Councils Presentations, Role Ploy Long term issues in Road Planning in Mizoram Responsibility: External Agency or PCC, * Emerging trends in Enivironmental and Social Assessments CS. PIU * Priority corridors. Protected Areas and conservation needs * Consultalion and Public Involvement in Rood Planning * Highway Development and diseases Criginol Docl.rrerr DY ICT C CES 7-8 R?e,ised ona iJcocoec b'. .A Mizorom Stote Roods Project Phose-1; EIA for Pi . June 2003 The total expenditure on training, inclusive of site visits; per diems and training fees will be approximately INR 1.0 million. 7.12. ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET The environmental budget for P1 B covers all the environmental costs for the Buangpui-Lunglei section, details of which are available in Table 6.1 of the EMP submitted senarately. The total costs are slightly over INR 7 million. This also includes the administration and logistic expenses for PI B and Aizawl bypass BP1. The detailed budget for the Aizawl bypass is presented Chapte,r 7 of the EIA and EMP for BP1. The break-up of the costs worked out is present in Table 7.3. Table 7-3: Summary Budget for P1 B Head Amount (in INR) Mitigation/Enhancement Costs 4,092,344.00 Monitoring Costs 8,45,000.00 Miscellaneous Cost (Training, Maintenance, etc.) 2,086,600.00 TOTAL BUDGETED COSTS 7.023,944.00 Original Document by ICT & CES 7.9 Revised and Updated by LASA salJnxauuv-. l,,,+. x, ; - 7,~~' d~~~~~~~~~ I . .. X ,~~~~~~ Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-ll EIA for P1.B Annexures. June 2003 Annexure 3.1 LUNGLEI - BUANGPUI SECTION. PROJECT PROPOSAL PIB A. General Observations: This section was inspected on 18/01/03 and the allied stretches on 17/01 & 19/01. The subject stretch represents basically an old PWD alignment to be widened and improved upon under present project proposal. This stretch is an old road bench and appears to be perceptibly in a stabilised state. Some sporadic distress points viz... road cuts exhibiting mini to macro collapses on both uphill & downhill faces with slope at locations quite steep. However, these do not look to be immediately vulnerable. It is to be emphasized on the basis of observations & the expert views, that the route alignment in the section of P1B from km 111 km to 165 km do suggest at the various elevations of the present line, existence of hill cover material in a coherent and cohesive matrix and thus in a stable state even considering the minor variations in any natural soil / weathered rock / rock materials. Thus, the scale of protection works envisaged in the DPR in this stretch may be considered as all that not essentially implemental. While it is admitted, the knowledge of the actual status demanding immediate implementation of protective action in the scale and stretch, can be better known during execution & implementation phase, it is possible to allot the estimated funds to be expended in stages (subject to acceptability of the funding system) say 60/70 p.c. during major implementation and next 30-40 pc in next 2-3 years during the road service is fully open to public. The project proposal P1 B have identified the engineering needs and have identified in a table the needs of Retaining Walls with brief details of heights and lengths. But during inspection the necessities of such elaborate proposal could not apparently be quite appreciated without a specific and detailed road - log of the observations, the existing cuts & slopes of down hill positions with re - entrant locations and culvert inlets outlets. Further, it is to be borne in mind that during actual implementation with the local re-alignment, local re- curving local re-grading and widening several newer features would be revealed. Effects of these new features at some locations could be favourable and at some other locations unfavourable. Thus the scope of this proposal would desirably elect to provide some specific broad directions for implementation (for the PMC & the authority) as to expend the allotted of quantities of the protection works in a more clever manner, say, 60 pc as planned and 40 pc. Thereafter as the stretch reveals itself and the requirements identified. In this regard attention is further drawn to one specific item like 8.0 m to 12.0 m high retaining walls (RCC) with presumably wide bases. The modes of its footing excavation, backfilling etc Originol Document by ICT & CES Revised ond Updated by LASA Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-li EIA Tcr P18. Annexures. June 2003 may be specifically directed for guidance keeping in view to the practicability or the practical limitations in the formation of hill road benches with appropriate level of stability. B. OBSERVATIONS Specifically Connected to Certain Locations The Recee Notes on the Route from Lunglei to Buangpui section (P1B) is enclosed. Cut faces on uphill faces generally exhibit light yellow colour exhibiting cohesive character, with often relatively high silt content. Mostly cut depths range between 2m to 3 m with higher depths of cuts occurring infrequently in between. The sights of these old cuts appear to be broadly stable with quite occasional failures with small stretches (3 m to 6m). When the cut occurs in weathered rocks, highly weathered rocks, scree materials, the stability generally is found in order with some failures, when the disposition or orientation of bedding planes and/or joint planes is unfavourable. The failure in scree material depends upon the strength & character of the matrix materials. Mostly the derived products as observed in this stretch being cohesive, exhibit coherent faces and generally stable for the exposed heights, despite high silt content. In the above general and local scenario, this route length may be considered as it is, in a better status compared to the stretch under PlA. However several specific cases are revealed in Recce Route Logs; some of them are elaborated. Recee Notes are not to be considered as exhaustive, but provides keynotes for the scale of the problem in this stretch. Observations in the enclosed notes may be read in conjunction with the following. Km 163 +270 Friable thinly bedded shale is slowly eroded after weakening of the joint planes on exposures. Elaborate protection system could be developed at prohibitive expenses. Instead a dwarf height protection, say 2m high breast wall with mortar & weep holes appears to be an optimum solution. Similar specific cases are to be decided following detailed guidance from PCC und6r PMC/Authority for the contractor's implementation. Km 161 + 100 To the extent the stated weakness is perceptible, the protection work may cover another 1.5 m / 2.0 m in height and 2.0 m / 3.0 m on lateral extend to contain the problem. Similar cases to be identified and implementation action as mentioned earlier taken say at km 160 + 910. Km 159 + 100 This specific case has potential problem. Matrix being of incoherent character, stepped cuts (in heights) protected with breast walls (banded with mortar) in filled with inverted filter (when required with Geo-textiles) giving an average slope of 70° or so could be considered. Km 152 + 860 OQrhjnrrj Document by 1C c7 CES Rfe2mised Cncf LUodoied tv LASA %._ , Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-ti . ',~vtii,. EIA for P1B, Annexures. June 2003 Widening of the existing culvert with u/s face organized, reset to arrest boulder rolling, but permitting small gravels, pebbles etc running down with water flow during monsoon. The case demands specific observation and guidance using rock fall barrier and / or enlarging size & length of culvert. Km 151 + 773 The downhill steep faces around culvert outlet are to be protected for long serviceability of the road turning. Uphill boulder arrestor wall, if required, to be strengthened and/or additional energy absorbing arresting blocks at several uphill stream location may be considered, after detailed inspection. Km 148 + 700 Properly designed breast walls, in 2/3 stage heights in a stepped back pattern may be considered with longitudinal drains at each stage height/stepped back location. Km 142 + 600 Problematic case: Well planned stepped back cut to be formed and protected with Breast Walls having horizontal face also protected and fitted with longitudinal drains with possibly sealing course to avoid running water ingress behind the breast wall. Retaining walls as appropriate to protect the down hill faces of Hume pipe outlet. Hume pipe junctions (typically vulnerable for movement and leakages) are to be well detailed out for execution. Km 138 + 560 Low height breast wall protection with dowel anchors and drainage holes is one option. Alternatively proper cut of road drains (uphill side) backed with medium height breast wall (3 m - 4 m), adequate weep holes, gaps filled with drainage blanket may be considered. Km 132 Depending on the condition of the face, breast walls of proper design with heights 2 m - 3 m in massive exposure with joints unfavourable; heights 3 m - 5 m in not so massive exposure with less coherent joints; stepped back walls with intermediate drains etc. in scree materials are to be properly developed, based on local features and geometry. Km 113 + 680 Careful cleaning of a part of uphill zone to avoid lubricating effect of joint planes during monsoon and provision of cut off drain, followed with breast wall on the down slope with weep holes etc for a stretch of say 1 5m / 20- m may be considered. If cleaning of bushes exposures higher degree of problematic zone, stepped back geometrics as mentioned earlier may be considered. Origincl Document by ICT & CES Revisc- ond U'podoted by LASA Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-l1 EIA for PIB, Annexures, June 2003 LUNGLEI - BUANGPUI - SECTION, RECEE NOTES Route Brief Location Brief Description of Road Bench Photo Mark Problems/Materials Km. Started l Up Hill Down Hill Other Observation 165/344 Just After tourist _______ lodge 165/344 Zotlang Cohesive spoil with breast wall Light yellow cohesive Local small slides on up hill spoils greasy boulder studded 165/160 Ridge Ditto A few local small slides on spoils 165/096 Village with BSF Ridge No widening camp Pukpui Cohesive spoil with some .___________________________ ________________ bould er 163/860 Rock cut exposure partly Grey massive silt stone 1 Cut slope steep. Dip of bedding weathered <30 163/270 Thinly bedded silt stone with Right side point Bedding plane O.K. Joint 2, 3 Friable thinly bedded grey shale - thin shale capped with thin silt of specific planes unfavourable gradually washed away stone holding top over concern 162/200 Pukpui Village Thinly bedded grey shale Thin clay top cover alternate with thin silt stones _161/500 Thinly bedded grey sales Slow disintegration possible 161/100 Mixed expose of shale & silt Joint planes near verti. 4, 5 Slow disintegration clay stones joints no cut face Strike - N 155 bedding pf balls/exfoliated siltstone exhibit opening up strike N225. Dip less than rounded voids. Failure along joint 500 planes 160/910 Weathered to highly Bedding planes dipping 6 Locally some problems of sliding. weathered silt stones with thin unfavourably. May be tackled with breast walls unconsolidated soil cover Joint materials weak 159/800 Between two hills Both sides Down Hill Down Hill Width only 5.6 m To be graded down for formation width 159/100 Highly weathered mixed soil Height of Small slides in clay mixed Highly weathered mixed soil & rock retaining walls boulders observed. pieces susceptible to collapse 6.0 m/8.0 m from downhill foot hold Matrix do not exhibit Well-developed cohesive character. 158/860 Exposure of large blocks of silt stones _ 158/480 Thinly bedded bluish grey 7, 8 Structurally the exposure is ok; Otiginol Document by ICT & CES Revised and Updoted by LASA 4Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-lI EIA for PiB, Annexures, June 2003 Route Brief Location Brief Description of Road Bench Photo Mark Problems/Materials Km. Started Up Hill Down Hill Other Observation shale alternating with thin & small & slow degeneration weathered silt stone with expected. Low height protect wall _____ __________________ inherent micro fine weakness feasible. 157/420 Proposed sanctuary Cut exhibit shallow yellowish 9 Uphill view for general grey clayey matrix with local appreciation of terrain rock pieces character. 152/860 Cuts comprise of clayey spoils Perennial stream with 10 Culvert to be widened as to avoid generally O.K. culvert. Occasional its blockage as discharge with spoil breast wall 2m/3m height coming from hills during high precipitation . 151/773 Jhora stream steep Large/massive silt stones/clay Bedding planes 12,13, 14,15 Down hill culvert faces going fall both UP/DN stones (bluish grey) favourable joints widely steeply down. spaced but dislodged by stream 150/302 Tlawng River . Nothing critical observed 148/700 Dirty silt stone in weathered Bedding planes dipping 16 Slide on mixed soil on uphill condition unfavourably observed_. Bedding planes sub-horizontal 17 Failure along joint plane 142/600 Uphill short tongue type failure 3 m downhill Re-culvert location 19, 20 Narrow head failure. Slide in scree observed steep in scree cohesive road curve materials (Uphill 50) material retaining wall, Hume pipe 141/950 Waler Harvesting Stream water perennial 2 21 Proposal sub structure 138/560 Thinly bedded weathered Alternate with silt stone 22, 23 Joint plane weak steep & shale unfavourabte 133/480 to Various features Mixed spoils (scree) material Sketch to represent A Mini to macro failure spots with 560 marked in project problematic materials. large scar about 80 m long in scree report as potential materials slide zone. 132 Prior to Haulawng Steep joint planes 24, 25, 26, 27 village unfavourable. Weathered, silt stone along joint plane. Mixed spoils. 131/600 Haulawng Probable location of 28 Good location on uphill shallow _ ___ __________________ construction camp slope 127/130 Site for 10 m high retaining wall could not be found 124/590 Flat Topography on RT. 29, 30 O.;g,noI Document by ICT & CES Revised and Updoted by LASA Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-1l EIA for P1B, Annexures, June 2003 Route Brief Location Brief Description of Road Bench Photo Mark Problems/Materials Km. Started Up Hill Down Hill Other Observation Side. 123/800 No problem apparently discerned 120/700 to Land slide potential Weathered silt stone failing Nothing significant 31, 32 Only 20 m stretch (small potential) 750 site as reported in along joint planes at 120 + 650 observed as physical slides as little ahead of location DPR to 580 evidence marked. 113/680 Weathered yellow material Sliding along joint plane 33, 31 Careful cleaning and breast wall highly weathered silt stone may be considered with bio engineering 111/780 Old scar identified at culvert Dislocation of drains/ 35 Formation - muddy due ground location (111 + 800 culvert chokage water with clayey wash coming on. 111/750 to Sliding along bedding plane, Tree roots may cause 36, 37 ,731n bluish grey silty shale slide Ohiginol Document by ICT & CES Revised ond Updated by LASA Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-l1 EIA for P1I. Annrexujres, June 2003 Annexure 3.2 Reproduced from photocopy obtained from Forest Department, Government of Mizoram No. B. 12012/21/02-FST GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM ENVIRONMENT & FORESTS DEPARTMENT NOTIFICATION .Dated Aizawl, the 28N' Feb. 2002. Whereas the Govt. of Mizoram considers that the area, situation and limits of which are specified in the schedule below is of adequate ecological, faunal, floral and geomorphological importance. Therefore, in exercise of the power conferred under sec. - read with sec. 19, 20 and 21 of the wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, the Govt. of Mizoram hereby intends to declare the said area to a Bird Sanctuary known as 'SAZA TLANG BIRD SANCTUARY" for protecting, propagating and developing of wildlife and its environment. SCHEDULE Name of the area Saza Tlang. Location 15 kms. away from Lunglei town along Lunglei-Aizawl road via Thenzawl. Area 15 Sq.Kms. BOUNDARIES STARTING POINT The junction "Mausep peng." Lunglei - thenzawl PWD Road, Faith Farming Society Pukpui Jeep Road is used as the starting point. SOUTH The boundary runs along Mausep peng Faith Farming Society road excluding Pu H.P. Lalchhandama's land till it crosses the road at 1177 meters then following the drain downwards till.it meets Pialthienglui. Then it follows Pialthienglui downwards and meets Tlawng lui. EAST & NORTH From the point where Pialthlenglui meets Tlawng lui., the boundary goes along Tlawng lui downwards upto Valkai-Lungiei to Thenzawl PWD to Bailey Bridge. WEST From the bridge over Tlawng lui, the boundary follows PWD road towards Pukpui direction till it reaches Mausep peng which is the starting point. Sd/- VANHELA PACHUAU Secretary to the Govt. of Mizoram, Environment & Forest Department. Memo No. B. 12012/21/02-FST: Dated Aizawl. the 28'h Feb. 2002. Copy to:- C)figir.c! Document by CT & CES Revised ono Updated by LASA Mizoram State Roads P,oieet Phase-l1 EIA for PI8, Annexures. June 2003 1. The P.S. to Governor, Mizoram. 2. The P.S. to Chief Minister, Mizoram. 3. P.S. to Speaker / Dy. Speaker, Mizoram. 4. P.S. to Minister / Minister of State. 5. P.S. to Chief Secretary, Mizoram. 6. All Commissioners / all Secretaries. 7. All Head of Departments. 8. Principal Chief conservator of Forests with reference to his letter no. B.15014/4/200- PCCF/278 dt. 31.1.02. 9. The Chief Wildlife Warden, Mizoram. 10. The Deputy Commissioner (Lunglei). He is requested to take further follow-up action to enquire into and determine the existence, nature and extent of rights of any person in or over the land comprised within the limit of the sanctuary and to settle the claims in the manner as laid down from section 19 t 25 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and to submit his report to this Department. 11. The Controller, Printing & Stationeries with a request to publish the Notification in the Mizoram Gazette. ( 7 (Seven) spare copies enclosed). 40 (forty) copies of the Notification so published may be supplied to the undersigned. 12. The Director, Land Revenue & Settlement. He is requested to look into the matter and to intimate whether there is any objection. 13. Joint Director (WL), Govt. of India, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Paryavaran Bhawan, CGO Complex, Lodi Road, New Delhi. 14. All Conservators of Forests. 15. All Divisional Forest Officers. 16. Guard File. (ROSIANA RALTE) Under Secretary to the Govt. of Mizoram, Environment & Forest Department. Originol Document by ;T & CES Revised and Updated by LASA Alizoramn State Roatts Pro/ct Phuos e-Il EtA for PItB. A,ncxumrcs, Juia 20093 Annexure 3.3 Tree Inventory within COI of 15 m for Buangpui-Lunglei Road Chainage Girth Both km. Si S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 58 S9 S10 Sll Others Total GI 85 73 76 21 9 31 7 4 18 3 3 218 548 G2 34 32 21 8 12 12 4 4 3 2 1 53 186 G3 13 ii 12 3 7 5 2 .1 48 102 lOOQOOto G4 13 18 2 6 I 8 i 3 22 74 110.00 G5 2 8 i 2 1 I 17 32 G6 9 13 2 2 2 18 48 G7 7 8 3 1 2 6 28 Total 163 163 117 33 38 50 25 10 23 5 9. 382 1018 GI 43 22 42 53 9 21 19 4 6 4 2 110 335 G2 13 22 22 20 6 7 7 3 1 2 43 146 G3 28 37 7 8 10 16 11 3 1 59 130 IO.OOto G4 14 21 6 2 5 4 3 2 3 29 89 , 120.00 G5 10 14 I 2 2 1 I 13 44 G6 12 26 I i 3 4 3 2 I 1 14 67 G7 9 15 2 1 4 . 4 i __ 15 51 Total 129 157 80 86 39 54 44 19 12 4 5 283 912 120.00to GI 116 136 87 41 46 16 57 12 18 4 20 385 938 130.00 G2 36 34 14 17 11 3 17 3 3 7 68 213 G3 10 I I 1 3 3 1 1 2 2 19 53 G4 5 5 i I 123 25 G5 5 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 10 G6 2 1 2 5 0 7 1 I__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Total 172 190 102 61 60 19 78 16 24 4 30 489 1,245 130.00to G 1 148 88 38 79 53 34 23 37 34 1 19 344 898 140.00 G2 64 56 27 62 14 20 13 21 35 12 143 467 Original Document by ICT & CES - - Revised and Updated by LASA h s Mt:ow~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~kiunnSlztalre Road{s Pr/ojec. lt Pha -f * 04 .' 1/A o, PlB -I'll? exour's. Jin 2/W300. Chainage Girth Both km. Si S2 53 S4 55 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 Sll Others Total G3 ,47 32 9 37 2 9 6 8 16 2 51 2i9 G4 3 1 2 . . 6 13 G5 3 __ __ __2 6 G6 2 1 3 7 G7 I 1 1 5 Total 268 178 75 181 70 63 44 *66 86 1 33 550 1 ,615 GI 47 41 88 18 85 25 20 43 10 92 10 246 725 G2 21 15 10 5 4 11 19 7 3 2 4 50 151 G3 7 5 4 3 4 1 i 17 42 140.00 to G4 1 2 i 1 i 7 13 150.00 G5 1 1 4 6 G 6 _ _ _ 4 1 _ _ _1 7 G 7 I__ _ _ _ _ _ I 2 Total 75 67 105 23 94 36 45 50 15 95 15 326 946 GI 37 44 72 32 42 66 6 14 22 87 32 266 720 G2 8 11 10 8 9 18 1 8 12 1 13 110 209 G4 . 1 i I50.00to G5 2 1 2 5 160.00 G6 2 G6 I __ _ __ 2 G7 I 2 3 6 Total 48 61 84 48 63 87 7 23 36 88 48 408 1,001 GI 35 41 33 54 3 13 8 20 5 11 289 512 G2 12 12 8 8 1 5 5 6 1 2 93 153 G3 12 12 1 4 6 2 2 1 2 43 85 160.00to G4 3 1 4 170.00 G5 2 2 G6 3 7 1 0 G7 3 .I 1 2 8 15 Total 68 66 43 66 4 24 15 28 7 0 17 443 781 Originol Document by ICT & CES Revised and Updated by LASA Aljzor-g,iii St1ae Rowls h,pijc^ I'/,waI/t i ElAfor l//B. AnneXu,res. Joiwi- 20)3 Originol Document by ICT & CES Revised and Updated by LASA IM Alizojara, Slate Roadls PIojec! il 'hase-1 ff -,> t /HA fior Pilli. A ,,,,ex,Ares. Junes 2'O3 Anisiexuire - 3.4 BUANGPUI-S. KANCHMUN (Altitude: 707-820 m) Frequienicy, Abuindance and Density of Herbs & Slhruibs (of 1 sq metre size quadrat) Total no. of Name of the Species individuals of No. ot quadrats sotal no. Frequency on Abundance Densit each species occurrence quadrats studied Frqec n%Audne Dniy each species 1. Ageratum conzoides 52 30 30 100 1.73 1.73 2. Bidens biternata 30 30 30 100 1 1 3. Saccharum longisetosum 110 25 30 83.33 4.4 3.66 4. Clerodendrum colebrookianum 2 10 30 33.33 0.2 0.06 5. Mikonia Micrantha 80 30 30 100 2.66 2.66 6. Chromoloena odorato 7S 30 30 100 2.5 2.5 7. Cynodon doctylon 25 30 30 100 0.83 0.83 8. Thysonoloena maxima 20 20 30 66.66 I 0,66 9. Melastoma malabothricum 12 20 30 66.66 0.6 0.4 10. Cinnamomum obtusifolium 3 5 30 16.66 . 0.6 0.1 I 1. Phyllanthus fraternus 7 10 30 33.33 0.7 0.23 12. Didymochlaena truncatula 8 10 30 33.33 0.8 0.26 13. Diplazium griffithii 5 5 30 16.66 1 0.16 14. Dryopteris ornate 7 10 30 33.33 0.7 0.23 15. Pteridium aquilinum 5 5 30 16.66 1 0.16 16. Tect_iria Macrodonta 6 5 30 16.66 1.2 0.2 17. Microlepia strigosa 6 5 30 16.66 1.2 0.2 18. Polystichum arist_tum 4 10 30 33.33 0.4 0.13 19.P. Biaristatum 9 5 30 16.66 1.8 0.3 20 Pteris biourita. 7 5 30 16.66 1.4 0.23 21.P. quadriourita 5 5 30 16.66 . 1 0.16 Original Document by ICT & CES Revised ond Updated by LASA Afiz-ora,i, Statle Rova(s P'rjval Pha'ws-11 E1Afar I'IIJ, .An,jextr,s, Juitii 20(3) Name of the Species i uTotal no. of No. of quadrats Total no. of eachteSspecas o occurrence quadrats studied Frequency In Abundance Density each species 22.P. subquinata 3 4 30 13.33 0.75 0.1 23.P. vitta 8 5 30 16.66 1.6 0.26 24. Hedyotis scondens 4 2 30 6.66 2 0.13 25.Maesa indica 1 2 30 6.66 0.5 0.03 26.Musa paradisiacal 15 20 30 66.66 0.75 0.5 27.Curuligo crassifolia 5 30 30 100 0.16 0.1 6 28. Rubus birmanicus 30 30 30 100 1 29. Piper betle 3 1 30 3.33 3 0.1 30. Dysoxylum gobora 2 12 30 40 0.16 0.06 31. Cyathea dealbata 3 I . 30 3.33 3 0.1 32. Amomum dealbotum 10 20 30 66.66 0.5 0.33 33. Blumea olaato 8 30 30 100 0.26 0.26 34. Colocasia sculenta 1_ 2 5 30 1_6.66 2.4 0.4 35. Imperata Cylindrica 22 20 30 66.66 11 0.73 36. Spilanthes oleracea 33 30 30 100 1.1 1.1 37. Smilax perfoliata 4 5 30 16.66 0.8 0.13 38. Ficus auriculata 5 4 30 13.33 1.25 0.1 6 39. Begonia dioica 6 20 30 66.66 0.3 0.2 40. Bridelia monoica 8 10 30 33.33 0.8 0.26 41. Acacia Pruinescens 5 5 30 16.66 1 0.16 42. Costus speciosus 10 4 30 13.33 2.5 0.33 43. Melocanna Baccifera i t 6 30 20 1.83 | 0.36 Originot Document by ICT & CES Revised ond Updated by LASA Ali oralnl SNlal< t,e,{ 'oti,(is Proje t -,1 11uH EItfor PI., June 201. Awiexvire - 3.5 BUANGPUI - S. KANGHMUN (Altitude 707 - 820 in) Frequency, Abundance and Denisity of Trees Total number,of Number of Total number Frequency Name of Species Individuals of quadrats of quadrats Abundance Density each species occurrence studied In % i. Anogeissus acuminoto 12 6 10 60 2 1.2 2. Mocarongo indica - 20 10 10 100 2 2 3. Gmelino arboreo 7 4 10 40 1.75 0.7 4. Callicorpo arborea IS 10 10 100 1.5 1.5 5. Costanopsis tribuloides 23 10 10 100 2.3 2.3 6. Parkia timoriona 10 7 10 70 1.42 _ 7 Duabonga grondiflora 17 8 10 80 2.12 1.7 8. Tectono grondis 13 2 10 20 6.5 1.3 9. Albizzia chinensis 6 2 10 20 3 0.6 10. Cinnomomum verum 2 I 10 10 2 0.2 1). Securinego viroso 8 4 10 40 2 0.8 12. Artocarpus heterophyllus 5 . 10 20 2.5 0.5 13. Schima khosiama 16 10 10 100 1.6 1.6 14. Rhus semialato 14 6 10 60 2.33 1.4 15. Lithocorpus pachyphylla 10 40 2.5 16. Ouercus helpheriano 4 2 10 20 2 0.4 17. Quercus polystochyo 12 10 _ 100 1.2 1.2 18. Trema orientolis 15 10 100 1.5 1.5 19. Schima wallichji 20 10 100 20. Spondias pinnoto 4 . 10 10 4 0.4 Onginol Document by ICT & CES Revised and Updated by LASA Alizoy-,I,I, Slate Ro,a,lh Project P'Iiuse-1/ El.4for 'l/. Amwvtior., J.une 2003 Ann exure -3.6 S.KANGHMUN-RAMLAITUI (ALTITUDE: 729-761 M) Frequency, Abundance and Density of Hierbs & Shrubs (of I sq. metre size quadrat) Total no. of N.o udas Ttln.o Name of the Species Indivsac nsp occurrence quadrats studied Frequency In % Abundance Density each species 1. Agerotum conyzoides 48 25 30 83.33 1.92 1.6 2. Bidens bitemoto 35 27 30 90 1.29 1.16 3. Socchorum longisetosum 92 15 30 50 6.13 3.06 4. Mikonio microntho 84 30 30 100 2.8 2.8 5. Chromoloeno odoroto 60 30 30 100 2 2 6. Cynodon doctylon 44 30 30 100 1.46 1.46 7. Osbeckio chinensis 3 2 30 6.66 1.5 0.1 8.Rrubus birmonicus 38 30 30 100 1.26 1.26 9. Imperoto Cutindcica 20 10 30 33.33 2 0.66 10. Spilonthes olerocea 30 28 30 93.33 1.07 I II . Bridelio monoico 5 5 30 16.66 1 0.16 12. Costus speciosus 3 2 30 6.66 1.5 0.1 13. Hedychium coccinum 4 4 30 13.33 I 0.13 14. Melocanno boccifera 13 7 30 23.33 1.85 0.43 Originol Document by ICT & CES Revised ond Updoted by LASA A fizoM51rani St(e Ronlas Project Phav s-11 A inexure - 3.7 S. KANGCIMUN - RAMLAITUI (Altitude :729 - 761 m) Frequtenicy, Abundlanice and Denisity of Trees Total number Number of Total number Frqec Name of Species of Individuals quadrats ot quadrats Frequency Abundance Density sf each occurrence studied In % 1. Anogeissus acuminata 10 4 10 40 2.5 1 2. Macaranga indica 23 10 10 100 2.3 2.3 3. Gmelina arborea 9 5 10 50 1.8 0.9 4. Callicarpa arborea 7 3 10 30 2.33 0.7 5. Castanopsis tribuloides 27 10 10 100 2.7 2.7 6. Parkia timoriona 5 2 10 20 2.5 0.5 7. Duabango grandiflora 15 6 10 60 2.5 1.5 8. Tectona grandis 10 1 10 10 10 9. Albizzia chinensis 13 7 10 70 1.85 1.3 10. Securinega virosa 14 5 10 50 2.8 1.4 11. Artocarpus heterophyllus 4 2 10 20 2 0.4 12. Schima khosiama 20 10 10 0oo 2 2 13. Rhus semialata 14 6 10 60 2.33 1.4 14. Lithocarpus pachyphylla 18 9 10 90 2 1.8 IS. Quercus polystachya 8 4 10 40 2 0.8 16. Trema orientalis 20 8 10 80 2.5 2 17. Emblica officinalis 4 2 10 20 2 0.4 18. Toona ciliata 9 5 10 S0 1.8 0.9 19. Artocarpus chama 13 7 10 70 1.85 1.3 20. Sourouia napaulensis 28 10 1 0 100 2.8 2.8 21. Albizzia thomsoni 7 2 10 20 3.5 0.7 22. Costanopsis laceaefolia 8 3 10 30 2.66 0.8 Original Document by IrT 8 CES Revised and Updated by LASA I \ m3 Aiizora,,, S'l,ate Roa(ts Project Pha,se-/ / t4for P/it. A,n,,exres. June 20(03 Auneiixre - 3.8 RAMLAITUI-SEKHUM (Altitude: 779-850 m) Frequency, Abundance and Density of Herbs & Shrubs (of I sq. metre size quadrat) Name of the Species I aTotal no. of No. of quadrats Total no. of eachteSspecas o occurrence quadrats studied frequency In % Abundance Density each specles I. Ageratum conyzoides 38 30 30 100 1.26 1.26 2. Bidens biternata 32 30 30 100 1.06 1.06 3. Sacchorum longisetosum 85 20 30 66.66 4.25 2.83 4. Mikania micrantha 62 30 30 100 2.06 2.06 5. Chromoloena odorata 60 28 30 93.33 2.14 2 6. Cynodon dactylon 32 29 30 96.66 1.10 1.06 7. Thysanoloena maxima 25 30 30 100 0.83 0.83 8. Phyllonthus fraternus 4 4 30 13.33 I 0.13 9. Didymochloena truncatula 5 4 30 13.33 1.25 0.16 10. Dryopteris ornate 9 7 30 23.33 1.28 0.3 11. Tectaria macrodonta 7 5 30 16.66 1.4 0.23 12. Micfolepia strigosa 10 8 30 26.66 1.25 0.33 13. Pteris biourita 8 6 30 20 1.33 0.26 14. P. Subquinata 4 2 30 6.66 2 0.13 IS. P. vitta . 5 4 30 13.33 1.25 0.16 16. Passiflora nepolensis 2 I 30 3.33 2 0.06 17. Eryngium foetidum 2 1 30 3.33 2 0.06 18. Musa paradisiacal 18 15 30 50 1.2 0.6 19. Centella asiatica 10 5 30 16.66 2 0.33 20. Rubus birmanicus 32 30 30 100 1.06 1.06 21.Solanuma forvum 10 8 30 3.33 1.25 0.33 22. Polygonum Chinense 8 6 30 20 1.33 0.26 Original Document by ICT & CES Revised and Updoted by LASA l izorni Stale Rowds Pioject Phaw-f EIA foi- i/li. Ann,isrvoes-h/o,e .?0II3 Tota no of No. of quadrats Total no. of Name of the Species Individuals of o.uot quadr ats no.dot Frequency in % Abundance Density each species occurrence quadrats studied Feunyi bnac est each species 23.Cyatheo Deolbola 4 2 30 6.66 2 0.13 24.Amomum dealbatum 8 6 30 20 1.33 0.26 25.Blumea olato 15 15 30 50 1 0.5 26. Sida acuta 10 4 30 13.33 2.5 0.33 27.1mperata Cylindrica 18 16 30 53.33 1.13 0.6 28.Spilanthes oleracea 45 30 30 100 1.5 1.5 29.Desmodium triquetrum 15 10 30 33.33 1.5 0.5 30.Ficus auriculata 3 1 30 3.33 3 0.1 31 .Begonia dioica 10 6 30 20 1.66 0.33 32.Bridelia monoica 5 3 30 10 1.66 0.16 33. Mussoendo glabro 2 l 30 3.33 2 0.06 34. Costus specisosus 5 2 30 6.66 2.5 0.16 35 Melacanna baccifera. 14 8 30 3.33 1.75 0.46 Otiginal Document by ICT & CES Revised ond Updated by LASA Atlioo: {iil Sinte Roadls Pro ljec P //(se-// EM for P/H. ,IA ue,r,cf,s. Ju,u', 2(11)3 A iiiiaeire - 3.9 RAMLAITUI - SEKHUM (Altitude: 779 - 850 m) Freqiency, Abuniidantce and Denisity of Trees Total number of Number of Total number Frequency A Name of Species Individuals ot each quadrats of quadrats Abundance Density species occurrence studied i 1. Anogeissus acuminata 12 4 10 40 3 1.2 2. Macarongo indica 25 10 10 100 2.5 2.5 3. Gmelina arborea 10 5 10 50 2 4. Callicarpa arborea 8 2 10 20 4 0.8 5. Costanopsis tribuloides 30 10 10 100 3.0 3.0 6. Parkia timoriona 4 1 10 10 4 0.4 7. Duabanga grandiflora 27 9 10 90 3 2.7 8. Tectona grandis 20 7 10 70 2.85 2 9. Albizzia chinensis IS 6 10 60 2.5 1.5 10. Securinega virosa 13 4 10. 40 3.25 1.3 I1. Artocorpus heterophyllus 7 2 10 20 3.5 0.7 12. Rhus semialata 5 1 10 10 . 5 0.5 13. Tremo orientalis 20 8 10 80 2.5 2 14. Schima wollichii 27 10 10 100 2.7 2.7 15. Spondias pinnoto 2 1 10 10 2 0.2 16. Sourouia nopoulensis 12 5 10 50 2.4 1.2 17. Embelia vestita 6 3 10 30 2 0.6 18. Bombox ceiba 13 6 10 60 2.16 1.3 19. Artocarpus chama 8 3 10 30 2.66 0.8 20. Emblica officinalis 5 2 10 20 2.5 0.5 2 1. Ficus retuso 2 1 10 t0 2 0.2 22. Bauhimia variegota 10 7 10 70 1.42 1 23. Lithocarpus xylocarpo IS 5 10 50 3 1.5 24. Litsea cubeba 8 6 10 60 1.33 0.8 Originol Document by ICT & CES Revised ond Updoted by LASA IM O Alioran .State Roadts Projeri Phase-I) FIA fo,, PI. An,nevres. Jatmt 20)3 A iiexvire - 3.10 SEKIIUM-N. MUALTHUAM (Altitude: 840-735m) Frequency, Abundance and Density of Herbs & Shrubs (of I sq. metre size quadrat) Total number Number of Total number Frqec Name of Species of Individuals quadrats of quadrats Frerin % Abundance Density species occurrence studied 1. Ageratum conyzoides 45 30 30 100 1.5 1.5 2. Bidens biternato 15 28 30 93.33 0.53 0.5 3. Sacchorum longisetosum 75 20 30 66.66 3.75 2.5 4. Mikonia micrantha 62 28 30 93.33 2.21 2.06 5. Chromrolena odorota 55 30 30 100 1.83 1.83 6. Cynodon dactylon 22 25 30 83.33 0.88 0.73 7. Thysonoloena maxima 32 18 30 60 1.77 i.06 8. Melostoma malabothricum 8 5 30 16.66 1.6 0.26 9. Diplazium griffithii 25 10 30 33.33 2.5 0.83 10. Curculigo crossifolia t5 10 30 33.33 1.5 0.5 11. Rubus birmanicus 67 30 30 100 2.23 2.23 12. Amomum dealbatum 15 lo 30 33.33 1.5 0.5 13. Bumea alata 12 8 30 26.66 1.5 0.4 14. Imperata cylindrica 20 i8 30 60 1.11 0.66 15. Spilanthes oleracea 38 30 30 100 1.26 1.26 16. Bridelia monoica 5 3 30 10 1.66 0.16 i 7. Centella asiatica 8 6 30 20 1.33 0.26 18. Desmodium triquetrum 10 7 30 23.33 1.42 0.33 19. Polygonum chinense 6 4 30 13.33 1.5 0.2 20. Cayrotia obovata 3 2 30 6.66 1.5 0.1 21. Urena lobata 28 25 30 83.33 1.12 0.93 22. Lygodium flexuosum 5 2 30 6.66 2.5 0.16 23. Melacanna baccifera 12 6 30 20 2 6.4 Originol Document by ICT & CES Revised and Updated by LASA Alizora,n S,t,le Ro,ds Proj,i Ia Pha,w.: O iik,: 'I,t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~lAor 1'11B. Ann,lvxurtov. Junel 20/0. Aninexire - 3.11 SEKHUM - N. MUALTHUAM (Altitude: 840 - 735 m) Frequentcy, Abundtantce and Density of Trees Total number of Number of Total number Frequency Name of Species individuals of each quadrats of quadrats In Abundance Density species occurrence studied 1. Derris robusta 7 2 10 20 3.5 0.7 2. Macaranga indica 10 8 10 80 1.25 3. Rhus succedonia 9 4 10 40 2.22 0.9 4. Anthocepholus chinensis 8 3 10 30 2.66 0.8 5. Ficus hirta 6 5 10 50 1.2 0.6 6. Ficus neligiosa 4 2 10 20 2 0.4 7. Duabanga grandiflora 13 7 10 70 1.85 1.3 8. Tectona grandis 7 3 10 30 2.33 0.7 9. Securinega virosa 6 2 10 20 3 0.6 10. Artocarpus heterophyllus 5 1 10 10 5 0.5 11. Rhus semialata 8 2 10 20 4 0.8 12. Trema orientalis 16 7 10 70 2.28 1.6 13. Schima wallichii 15 8 10 80 1.87 1.5 14. Wenlandia grandis 9 5 10 50 1.8 0.9 15. Saurauia nopoulensis 10 4 10 40 2.5 I 16. Ficus benghelensis I 1 10 10 I 0.1 17. Bombox ceiba I 6 10 60 1.83 1.1 18. Artocarpus chama 8 3 . 10 30 2.66 0.8 19. Emblica officinalis 6 2 10 20 3 0.6 20. Terminalia myriocarpa 7 4 10 40 1.75 0.7 21. Bauhimia variegota 5 2 10 20 2.5 0.5 22. Lithocarpus xylocarpa 14 7 10 70 2 .4 23. Litsea cubeba 8 3 10 30 2.66 0.8 24. Acrocarpus froxini folius 5 2 10 20 2.5 0.5 25. Quercas helpheriona 9 3 10 30 __ 3 0.9 26. Lithocarpus pachyphylla 13 7 10 70 _ 1.85 1.3 27. Albizzia thomsoni 4 2 10 20 2 0.4 28. Gmelina arborea 7 3 10 30 2.33 0.7 29. Quercas polystachya 6 2 10 20 3 0.6 Original Document by ICT 6 CES Revised ond Updated by LASA Alizurain Suitie Roauis P'rt,jec Pitase-li EL-Ifi P/B. Annexures. Juiciii 2003 Aninexure - 3.12 N. MUALTHUAM - HAULAWNG (Altitude: 754 - 952 m) Frequenicy, Abundtlaice and Denisity of Herbs & Slhrubs (of I sq. metre size quadrat) Total number Number of Total number Name of Species of Individuals quadrats of quadrats Frequency Abundance Density ____________________________________________ o _ speciesh occurrence studied I. Ageratum conyzoides 50 28 30 87.11 1.78 1.66 2. Bidens biternata 10 2 30 6.66 5 0.33 3. Sacchorum longisetosum 62 30 30 10o 2.06 2.06 4. Mikonia microntha 50 27 30 90 1.85 1.66 5. Chromoloena odorata 22 17 30 56.66 1.29 0.73 6. Cynodon doctylon 28 10 30 33.33 2.8 0.93 7. Melostoma malabathricum 7 2 30 6.66 3.5 0.23 8. Phyllonthus fraternus 5 1 30 3.33 5 0.16 9. Gleichemia linearis i5 10 30 33.33 1.5 0.5 10. Muso paradisiaca 10 4 30 13.33 2.5 0.33 I 1. Curculigo crossifolia 4 2 30 6.66 2 0.13 12. Rubus birmanicus 12 8 30 26.66 1.5 0.4 13. Amomum dealbatum 7 2 30 6.66 3.5 0.23 14. Blumea alata 8 5 30 16.66 1.6 0.26 15. Colocasia esculenta 6 2 30 6.66 3 0.2 16. Imperata cylindrica 15 4 30 13.33 3.75 0.5 17. Spilanthes oleracea 25 10 30 33.33 2.5 0.83 18. Oxalis corniculata 30 18 30 4.62 1.66 1 19. Urena lobota 18 6 30 20 3 0.6 20. Phryhium capitatum 5 i 30 3.33 5 0.16 21. Polygonum chinense 5 2 30 6.66 2.5 0.16 22. Costus speciosus 8 4 30 13.33 2 0.26 23. Melocanna baccifera 14 7 30 23.33 2 0.46 Originol Document by ICT & CES Revised ond Updated by LASA A,Mizoriv,Stn,le Rowl.s Project Ph1(1-4II E5 lfor P/IL I,nnscxurtes. Iwo 2003 Aiiiiexure - 3.13 N. MUALTHUAM - HAULAWNG (Altitude: 754 - 952 m) Frequiency, Abtunidaiace anid Dentsity of Trees Name of Species Total number of Number of Total number Frequency Abundance Density individuals of each quadrats of quadrats in % species occurrence studied 1. Anogeissus acuminata 9 4 10 40 2.25 0.9 2. Macaranga indica 17 8 10 80 2.12 1.7 3. Gmelina arborea 6 3 10 30 2 0.6 4. Callicarpa arborea 8 5 10 50 1.6 0.8 5. Castanopsis lanceaefolia 4 2 10 20 2 0.4 6. Parkia timoriona 7 4 10 40 1.75 0.7 7. Duabonga grandiflora 15 8 10 80 1.87 1.5 8. Tectona grandis 6 2 10 20 3 0.6 9. Securinega virosa 5 2 10 20 2.5 0.5 10. Artocarpus heterophyllus 4 1 10 10 4 0.4 1 1. Trema orientalis 1 4 6 10 60 2.33 1.4 12. Saurouia nopoulensis 10 6 10 60 1.66 13. Bombox ceiba 10 7 10 70 1.42 14. Artocarpus choma 6 2 10 20 3 0.6 15. Emblica officinalis 5 1 10 10 5 0.5 1 6. Ficus retusa 2 I . 10 10 2 0.2 17. Lithocarpus xylocarpa I 7 10 70 1.1 18. Albizzia thomsoni 8 3 10 30 2.77 0.8 19. Acrocarpus fraxini folius 7 4 10 40 1.75 0.7 20. Schima khosiona 122 5 10 50 2.4 21. Betula alnoides 5 2 10 20 2.5 0.5 22. Lithocorpus pachyphylla 15 8 10 80 1.87 1.5 23. Anthocepholus chinensis 6 3 10 30 _ 2 0.6 Original Document by ICT & CES Revised and Updated by LASA Ali:oramuUSta Roals Pi-iject 'Phaise-f - k.A LlZlfor l'llU. .I,,,i i,cseN. .I,,ncE A(xr)2 . AJiIrexire - 3.14 HAULAWNG - MAUSEN (Altitude: 1052 - 623 m) Freqlieuicy, Abuidlanice and Denisity of Herbs & Slhrubs (of 1 sq. metre size quadrat) Totol number of Number of Total number Frequency Name of Species Individuals of quadrats of quadrats in% Abundance Density each species occurrence studied 1. Ageratum conyzoides 50 28 30 93.33 1.78 1.66 2. Bidens biternata 20 18 30 60 1.11 0.66 3. Saccharum longisetosum 30 23 30 76.66 1.30 1 4. Mikonia micrantha 80 30 30 100 2.66 2.66 5. Chromoloena odorata 20 19 30 63.33 1.05 0.66 6. Cynodon doctylon 30 12 30 40 2.5 1 7. Thysanoloena maxima 35 24 30 80 1.45 1.16 8. Melastoma malabothricum 12 4 30 13.33 3 0.4 9. Didymochlaena truncatula 20 12 30 40 1.66 0.66 10. Microlepia strigosa 17 10 30 33.33 . 1.7 0.56 11. Polystichum oristatum 23 15 30 50 1.53 0.76 12. Musa paradisioca 30 12 30 40 2.5 13. Curculigo crassifolica 8 3 30 0.1 2.66 0.26 14. Rubus birmanicus 25 20 30 66.66 1.25 0.83 15. Cyathea dealbata 19 5 30 16.66 3.8 0.63 16. Amomum dealbatum 18 10 30 33.33 1.8 0.6 17. Colocosia esculenta 13 2 30 6.66 6.5 0.43 18. Imperato cylindrica 50 26 30 86.66 1.92 1.66 19. Spilanthes oleraceo 40 28 30 93.33 1.42 1.33 20. Costus speciosus 23 11 30 36.66 2.09 0.76 21. Begonia dioica 4 1 30 3.33 4 0.13 Originol Document by ICT & CES Revised and Updoted by LASA WRO 'o W Alioratn Sutite Road/s Project Phuist-4l E.Afor PHJ. An,,xieev..hine 2003 Total number of Number of Total number Frequency Name of Species Individuals of quadrats of quadrats Abundance Density each species occurrence studied In % 22. Urena lobata 25 20 30 66.66 1.25 0.83 23. Centella asiatica 20 12 30 40 1.66 0.66 24. Polygonum chinense 8 2 30 6.66 4 0.26 25. Holigarna longifolia 2 1 30 3.33 2 0.06 26. Securinega virosa 10 3 30 10 3.33 0.33 27. Desmodium triquetrum 3 1 30 3.33 3 0.1 28. Saurouia punduana 4 2 30 6.66 2 0.13 29. Gleichenia linearis 20 5 30 16.66 4 0.66 30. Manihot esculenta 4 1 30 3.33 4 0.13 31. Argyreia mastersii 30 27 30 90 1.111 32. Mussoendra glabra 4 2 30 6.66 2 0.13 33. Melacanna baccifera I I 5 30 16.66 2.2 0.36 Original Document by /CT & CES Revised and Updated by LASA _lizotya, Sian, Rawlas M,jct ' P/ia.'.,. -11 EIA.fr ll. Aunmuinrs, miii 2011)3 A iwiexitre - 3.15 HAULAWNG - MAUSEN (Altitude: 1052 - 623 m) Frequiency, Abundance arnd Denisity of Trees Total number of Number of Total number Frequency Name of Species Individuals of each quadrats of quadrats in % Abundance Density NameoSpecespecies occurrence studiedI I Cordia frograntissima 7 3 10 30 2.33 0.7 2. Mclcorcnga indica 14 6 10 60 2.33 1.4 3. Callicarpa arborea 8 5 10 50 1.6 0.8 4. Castanopsis tribuloides 16 7 10 70 2.28 1.6 S. Parkia timoriona 6 2 10 20 3 0.6 6. Duabanga grandiflora 13 5 10 50 2.6 1.3 7. Tectona grandis 5 2 10 20 2.5 0.5 8. Albizzia chinensis 9 5 10 50 1.8 0.9 9. Securinega virosa 5 3 10 30 1.66 0.5 10. Artocarpus heterophyllus 4 1 10 10 4 0.4 11. Rhus semialata 6 2 10 20 3 0.6 12. Trema orientalis 12 7 10 70 1.71 1.2 13. Schima wallichii 13 6 10 60 2.16 1.3 14. Sourauia nopaulensis 11 5 .0 i 50 2.2 1.1 I S. Bombox ceiba 12 7 10 70 1 71 1.2 16. Emblica officinalis 5 2 10 20 2.5 0.5 17. Lithocorpus xylocarpa 1 3 6 10 60 2.16 1.3 18. Rhus succedonia 6 3 10 30 2 0.6 19. Ficus hirto 4 1 10 10 4 0.4 20. Ficus neligioso 2 . 10 10 2 0.2 21 .Quercas helpherina I 7 10 70 1.57 1.1 22. Terminalio myriocorpa 8 3 1 0 30 2.66 0.8 23. Quercus polystachya_ 12 6 10 60 2 1.2 24. Anthocephalus chinensis 7 4 10 40 1.75 0.7 25. Derris robusta 4 3 10 30 1.33 0.4 Original Document by ICT & CES Revised ond Updaled by LASA Mizora,,: SItale Rouths PrI'oJe'ct Phjas-HI F/lAfor P/B. Annexures. Junt, 20(0(. Annlexvure - 3.16 MAUSEN - LUNGLIEI (Altitude :605 - 1010 m) Frequtency, Abuiadantce and Density of Herbs & Shrubs (of I sq. metre size quadrat) Tota Indiiumber Number of Total number Frequency Name of Species of enachuaes quadrats of quadrats In % Abundance Density species occurrence studied 1. Ageratum conyzoides 55 28 30 93.33 1.96 1.83 2. Bidens biternata 30 17 30 56.66 1.76 1 3. Sacchorum longisetosum 100 26 30 86.66 3.84 3.33 4. Mikania micrantha 90 30 30 100 3 3 5. Chromolaena odorata 50 27 30 90 1.85 1.66 6. Cynodon doctylon 35 14 30 46.66 2.5 1.16 7. Thysonoloena maxima 15 10 30 33.33 1.5 0.5 8. Melostoma molobathricum 6 2 30 6.66 3 0.2 9. Didymochlaena truncatula 12 4 30 13.33 3 0.4 10, Microlepia strigosa 10 .4 30 13.33 2.5 0.33 II . Polystichum aristatum i5 4 30 13.33 3.75 0.5 12. Musa paradisioca 23 12 30 40 1.91 0.76 13. Curculigo crassifolia 10 4 30 13.33 2.5 0.33 14. Cyathea dealbota I 1 30 3.33 1 0.03 i5. Clerodendrum viscosum 2 i 30 3.33 2 0.06 16. Spilanthes oleracea 40 23 30 76.66 1.73 1.33 1 7. Phyllonthus fraternus 5 2 30 6.66 2.5 0. 16 18. MaesO indica 2 1 30 3.33 2 0.06 19. Imperata cylindrica 18 4 30 13.33 4.5 0.6 20. Urena lobata 20 13 30 43.33 1.53 0.66 Originol Document by ICT & CES Revised and Updated by LASA Alizorali S.Staie Rotti /'lsoj(ct P'hI,se(-I E/A Pfai /'/8. Amnsu'.j,rt.w. Juit t) 2003 Total number Number of Total number Frqec Name of Species of Individuals quadrats of quadrats | rqeny Abundance Density of each ocurne suidIn % __ _ __. species o .ue 21. Centella asiatica 10 5 30 16.66 2 0.33 22. Polygonum chinense 15 7 30 23.33 2.14 0.5 23. Gleichenia linearis 1_ 2 5 30 16.66 2.4 0.4 24. Argyreia mostersii 15 1_0 30 33.33 1.5 0.5 25. M\ussoendra glabra 3 1 30 3.33 3 0.1 26. Diplazium grif fitf hii 10 4 30 13.33 2.5 0.33 27. Cyccis pectinota I I 30 3.33 1 0.03 2B8 Coix locryma-jobi v_r. puellarum I 1 30 3.33 1 0.03 29. Cayratia obovola I l 30 3.33 1 0.03 30. Impoliens porrecta 2 1 30 3.33 2 0.06 31. Hedyotis scandens 2 l 30 3.33 2 0.06 32. Solanum khosionum 5 2 30 6.66 2.5 0.16 33. Costus speciosus 10 4 30 13.33 2.5 0.33 34. Meloconna baccifera 12 5 30 i6.66 . 2.4 0.4 Ohiginal Document by ICT & CES Revised and Updoled by LASA Ali:aran,t S'law Rowls Projcct Phu,.sc'-Il ElAfor l'IB .A,,nnevures June 2(11)3 A it nnexure - 3.17 MAUSEN - LUNGLEI (Altitude :605 - 1010 m) Frequency, Abund^lantce anid Denisity of Trees Total number of Number of Total number Frequency Name of Species Individuals ot each quadrats of quadrats In Abundance Density species occurrence studied 1. Mocaranga indica 10 6 10 60 1.66 1 2. Gmelina arborea 7 4 10 40 1.75 0.7 3. Callicarpa arborea 4 1 10 10 4 0.4 4. Castanopsis tribuloides 15 6 10 60 _2.5 1.5 5. Parkia limoriona 3 1 10 10 3 0.3 6. Duabonga grandiflora 14 7 10 70 2 1.4 7. Tectona grandis 8 3 IO 30 2.66 0.8 8. Albiz-zia chinensis 5 2 10 20 2.5 0.5 9. Securi'nega viroso _8 3 10 30 2.66 0.8 10. Artocarpus heterophyllus 4 1 10 10 4 0.4 1 1. Rhus semialata 3 _ 10 10 3 0.3 12. Trema orientalis 6 2 10 20 3 0.6 13. Schima wallichii 13 5 10 50 2.6 1.3 14. Saurouia napaulensis 8 5 10 S0 1.6 0.8 15. Bombox ceiba 12 5 10 50 2.4 1.2 16. Artocarpus choma 7 3 10 30 2.33 0.7 17. Emblica officinalis 5 2 10 20 2.5 _ 0.5 18. Ficus semicordata 6 2 10 20 3 0.6 19. Bauhimia variegota . 3 1 10 10 3 0.3 20. Lithocarpus xylocarpa 4 1 10 10 4 0.4 21. Quercus helpheriona 12 4 10 40 3 1.2 22. Albizzia thomsoni 8 3 10 30 2.66 0.8 23. Castanopsis lanceaefolia 7 3 10 30 2.33 0.7 24. Anthocephalus chinensis __4 __2 _ 10 . 20 __2 0 0_4__ 25. Quercas polystachya 13 5 10 S0 2.6 I .3 Ofiginal Document by ICT & CES Revised and Updoted by LASA AIi:,nol- .S!gv(e Ro,ads Piojcri Ph,sc./l ElI for I'llB .-lilmwx,es. Junc 2(1013 Annexure - 3.18 List of Herb & Shrub Species found at priority road Pl B (Buangpui - Lunglei) SI.No. Name of Species 1. Agerotum conyzoides 2. Bidens biternata 3. Soccharum longisetosum 4. Clerodendrum colebrookiana 5. Mikania micrantha 6. Chromoloena odorata 7. Cynidon dactylon 8. Thysanoloena maxima 9. Melastoma molabothricum 10. Cinnamomum obtusifolium 11. Phyllanthus fraternus 12. Didymochlaena truncatula 13. Diplazium griffithii 14. Dryopteris ornota 1 5. Pteridium aquilinum 16. Tectaria macrodonta 17. Microlepia strigosa 18. Polystichum aristatum 19. P.Biaristatum 20. Pteris biourita 21. P. Quadriourita 22. P. Subquirata 23. P. Vitta 24. Hedyotis scandens 25. Moesa indica 26. Musa paradisiaca 27. Curculigo crassifolia 28. Rubus birmanicus 29. Piper betle 30. Dysoxylum gobora 31. Cyathea dealbata 32. Amomum dealbatum 33. Blumea alota 34. Colocasia esculanta 35. Imperata cylindrica 36. Spilamthes olerocea 37. Smilax perfoliata 38. Ficus auriculata 39. Begonia dioica 40 Bridelia monoica 41. Acasia pruinescens 42. Costus speciosus Or:nainl Dncument b- ICT , ac Revised w'd UpdcteiJ by , S. A.w .li,-in, .Suwi Roa/s Projier, Phase- EL.I fi,, P IH. . liIXu'VS. Junct 20)03 SI.No. Name of Species 43. Osbeckia chinensis 44. Hedychium coccinum 45. Passiflora nepolensis 46. Eryngium foetidum 47. Centella asiatica 48. Solanum torvum 49. Polygonum chinense 50. Sida acuta 51. Desmodium triquetrum 52. Mussaenda Glabra 53. Cayratia obovata 54. Urene lobota 55. Lyqodium flexuosum 56. Gleichemia linearis 57. Oxalis corniculoto 58. Phryhium copitotum 59. Holigarna longifolia 60. Secuirega virosa 61. Saurouio punduana 62. Manihot esculenta 63. Argyreia mostersii 64. Clerodendrum viscosum 65. Cycas pectinata 66. Coix lacryma-jobi var. puellarum 67. Impatiens porrecta 68. Solonum khasianum 69. Melocanna baccifera. Cngcinol Document by ICT & CES e,evised cnd Updaced by LASA Al o r/am,, PS1 I RoaIdsProjectcPlcrrJ,, l3 Aninexu(re - 3.19 List of Tree Species found at prioritv road PI B (Buangpui - Lunglei) SI.No. Name of Species Local Name 1. Anogeissus ocuminato Zairum 2. Macaronga indica Hnahkhor 3. Gmelina arborea Thlonvawng 4. Cotlicarpo arboreo Hnahkiah 5. Castanopsis tribuloides Thingsia 6. Ficus Semicordcta Theipui 7. Tremo Orientolis Belphuar 8. Parkia timoriona Zawngtah 9. Duvbanga grondiflora Zuang 10. Saurcuia napaulensis Tiorpui 11. Embelia vestito Tling 12. Bombox ceiba Phunchowng 13. Tectona grandis Teak 14. Toona ciliato Teipui 15. Spondias pinnota Taitaw 16. Artocarpus choma Tatkawng 17. Emblica officinalis Sunhlu 18. Ficus retusa Zaman-hmawng 19. Bauhimia variegote Vaube 20. Albizzia chinensis Vang 21. Albizzia thomsoni Thingri 22. Rhus succedanea Chhimhruk 23. Castanopsis lanceoefolio Vawmbuh 24. Lithocarpus xylocorpa Then 25. Cinnomomum verum Thakthing 26. Ccrdia fragrantissima Mukpui 27. Litsea cubeba Sernam 28. Ficus hirta Sozu theipui 29. Securinego virosa Saisick 30. Acrocarpus fraxini folius Nghnbawm 31. Artocarpus heterophyllus LTmkhuang 32. Schima wollichii Khiang 33. Schima khosifma Khiongzo 34. Rhus semiolata Khawmhma 35. Betula alnoides Hriong 36. Ficus neligiosa Hmawng 37. Lithocarpus pachyphylla Fah 38. Quercus helpheriana Hlcii 39. TerminiIin myriocCrpC Char 40. Ficus benghelensis Bung 41. Wenlondia grandis Batling 42. Anthocephalus chinensis Banphar 43. Quercus polystachya Thil 44. Derris robusta Thingkha 45. Eurya cerasifolia Sihneh Criginol Doclument by ICT CES onisd cr UpCoo!ed by< IASA MWAO- lii.,,,,,,, ,,m , Rona/d P;-lo cj Phas, !' Anniiexvure - 3.20 List of Ethno-medicinal Plant Species found at priority road PIB (Buangpui - Lunglei) SI.No. Name of Species Local Name Uses I. Holigarna longifolia Kawhtebel Juice of crushed roots / leaves taken for colic / stomache 2. Mikania micron tha Japan hlo Juice of leaves token externally for fresh wound ond internally in malaria, fever, dysentery & diarrhoea. Decoction of leaves taken for stomache also 3. Clerodendrum Phuihnom Infusion of leaves is taken as vegetable to cure colebrookionum hypertension 4. Alocosia fornicofa Baibing Juice of the plant is applied on snakebite 5. Chromolcena odorata Tlangsam Juice of crushed leaves taken for fresh wound and I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ c u ts 6 Blumea alato Buar Juice of crushed leaves taken for antipyretic and diuretic 7 Polygonum chinense Taham Plant taken for general tonic and antiscorbutic 8 Costus speciosus Sumbul Decoction of roots taken for kidney and urinal problems 9 Anogeissus acuminato Zairum Juice of bark applied on cuts & wounds. 10 Hedyotis scandens Kelhnamtur Decoction of leaves & roots taken for pulverized Kidney stone i I Mussoenda roxburghii Vakep Leaf chewed raw and paste applied externally for snakebite 12 Osbeckia chinensis Builukhampa Roots are used for renal disorder and genito-urinary problems 13 Securinega viroso Saisick The leaves are boiled in the water and is used for bathing for patients suffering from smallpox, measles & scabies 14 Solanum khasionum Rulpuk The smoke of burnt fruit is sucked in the mouth to remove tooth-worms IS Embelia vestita Tling Leaves taken for tonic 16 Begonia dioica Sekhupthur Decoction of stem, leaves or roots is used for dysentery 17 Passifloro nepalensis Nauowimu Juice of roots taken for fever 18 Bombax ceiba Phunchawng Root & bark used for tonic, diarrhoea & dysentery. Juice of flower & fruit taken for snakebite 19 Callicorpo arborea Hnahkiah Juice of young leaves is used for stomache while decoction of bark is used as tonic and aromatic 20 Phyllonthus fratemus Mitthi Sunhlu Fruits taken for stomache 21 Schima wollichii Khiang Decoction of fruit is used in snake bit and insect bite. Juice of bark is applied in sores. 22 Centella asiotica Lambak Juice of leaves taken for any stomach trouble and general tonic 23 Dysoxylum gobara Thingthupui Decoction of leaves taken orally for diarrhoea and stomache 24 Ficus semicordoto Theipui Influsion of bark / leaves for liver ailment in combination with others 25 Ageratum conyzoides Vailenhlo Juice of leaves applied externally in cuts, wounds & itches 26 Musa paradisioco Chongel Juice of stem used in snakebite and cholera associated with urinary trouble. Cricinl Document by ICT & CES .e-v:ised cnc Updcred Dy LASAI AMiZorom State Roods Project Phase-ll EIA for P 18. Annexures. June 2003 Annexure 6.1 1. Lessons Learnt from Phase - I implementation Implementation of MSRP - I is under progress of which environmental management plan is an integral part. Feedbock from the implementatik': authorities on the EMP provides valuable inputs into formulation of the EMP for subsequent phases. Various issues, have been studied for implementation aspects of the measures suggested. The feedback received is presented in the following sections. 1.1 Issues on implementation of environmental mitigation measures Environmental mitigation measures suggested in the EMP are being implemented during the construction of Phase - I roads. The aspects that came to light during implementation and which need to be addressed during the course of construction and in preparation of EMP for subsequent phases are presented in the following sections. 1.1.1 Contractor's EMP Apart from the EMP prepared during project design, contractor prepares an EMP after review of the document and field verification. During this phase, due to lack of enough environmental expertise with the contractor the EMP prepared is not implementable. The supervision consultants had to intervene in its preparation by giving him guidance and prepare a draft on his behalf. 1.1.2 Spoil Disposal This aspect is given greater emphasis in the EMP and accordingly during construction. The engineer has also formulated a spoil disposal strategy. Locations suitable for reuse of the spoil are identified and accordingly agreements are made for disposal. The spoil is mostly being reused for landscaping. Due to narrow access at some locations, especially at Sialsuk bypass, spillage of soil is unstoppable. The cut heights being higher than those reachable by excavators, spoil benches are being used to reach the full cut height. Hence the machinery cannot be adopted for stopping the spillage. Ornginol Document by ICT & CES Revised and Updated by LASA j Mizorom State Roods Project Phose-Il .i EIA for P18. Annexures, June 2003 1.1.3 Water management Water harvesting structures are proposed for construction to augment the construction water requirement of the contractor and also not to interfere with the sources of community water supply. The structures are intended for use of the community after construction. However, since the contractor has sourced water from a greater distance where quantity avoilable is higher, there is no interference with the community water sources. The budget for these structures as per estimates of the engineer is limited and hence these have not been implemented. Implementation of these measures would entail issuing a variation order for the works. 1.1.4 Worker's safety The engineer and the contractor prepared a safety plan. The safety plan included provision of personal protective equipment for the contractor's staff and also erection of safety signage. However, there is non-compliance of the contractor on implementation of the safety plan. The reason for non-compliance as reported by the engineer being, lack of awareness of the labour in complying with the safety plan. There is lack of communication between the contractor and labour on enforcement of the safety obligations. 1.1.5 Bio-Engineering Bioengineering measures for slope protection works have received considerable attention of the engineer and the contractor. Simple bioengineering techniques as planting of grass, bamboo and other local shrubs are being taken up with the participation of the villagers. A variation order is being issued to carry out the works. The contractor could not carry out more diverse and site-specific bioengineering techniques, as enough attention to the detail is seldom possible. However, training for implementation staff for bioengineering can give exposure to the techniques available and will need to be applied in the post - construction stage. - 1.1.6 Quarrying operations The contractor has not submitted quarry area redevelopment; operation and closure plan are to the engineer. The contractor has also not produced any licenses for the quarries being used. Apart from these, site preparation for the Original Document by Icr & CES Revised and Updated Cy LASA Mizorom State Roads Project Phose-ll EIA for PIS Annexures. June 2003 crusher plant and haul roads is very poor. Hence more stringent codes of practice are to be formulated for enforcement of environmental safeguards and management of quarry operations. 1.1.7 Air Quality Air quality management at construction sites as well as crusher sites is poor. There is inadequate sprinkling of water and is causing extreme discomfort to the roadside dwellers as well as travelers. The problem is compounded during dry season and with the falling debris from construction operations. Water sources being at a considerable distance and being expensive, this measure is not being implemented as envisaged. Water being scarce and expensive and also in the dry season dust suppression by water being short lived; alternative dust suppressants are being explored. Engineering budget is to provide higher amount for dust suppression by water or provide for alternative dust suppressants. 1.1.8 Traffic management A traffic management plan has been prepared by the contractor and is being implemented. The plan includes appropriate signage at construction sites and traffic diversions are also planned. 1.1.9 Bio-diversity The engineer has prepared a working paper and a briefing indicating need for conservation, measures to be taken and specifications for the same. Implementation of the measures for protection of endangered flora is to be initiated. Provision of additional culverts for Chinese Pangolin is disregarded during implementation due to the concerns: a) extent of utilisation of culverts by Pangolin for crossing the road b) high frequency of culverts already present in the region in question c) existing culverts being large enough for the Pangolin d) Absence of specific design of culvert for Pangolin to cross and e) Unknown crossing locations. 1.1.10 Construction camp Though a construction camp is set up with the envisaged facilities, these are not maintained. Solid waste management, sanitary arrangement and oil/fuel spillage cleansing mechanisms are not operational. However, disposal of solid waste and hazardous waste through burying is taking place. Original Document by Icr & CES Revised ond Updatecd by LASA Mizorom State Roads Project Phose-l EIA for P 18, Annexures. June 2003 1.2 Issues on implementation of environmental enhancement measures Environmental enhancement measures as enhancement of waterfall locations are not being implemented due to limited budget provided. The engineer is unable to judge the extent of works involved, as the enhancement drawings provided are generic. The engineer expressed concerns.on the residual impacts of enhancement measures on slope stability and traffic flows. Proposals are being worked out to work out enhancement measures on a lesser scale than those proposed in EMP. Variation orders are being sought for inclusion in the contract. 1.3 Issues on training of environmental staff Two training sessions are conducted by the PIU for the implementation staff. In further requirements of training, it is necessary for the PIU to have exposure in institutional arrangements for effective implementation of EMP. An internal seminar with an external trainer is identified to be effective means of undertaking the training. Budgetary provisions for training have been generous and would be utilised partially. 1.4 Issues on implementation of EMP 1.4.1 Integration of EMP The EMP has not been included in the contract during Phase I. Some of the mitigation measures are included in the contract's BoQ and Specifications but for others as fencing of biodiversity areas and for other amenities are not included in the main contract. Hence for implementation these measures, variation orders are to be issued. However, the contractor being an ISO 9002 registered company has obligations to fulfil towards environmental mitigation. The EMP being prepared stage wise, including pre-construction and operation stages, it is leading to confusion for integration into the contract documents. Hence the works involved in construction stage are to be clearly specified with the construction drawings and specifications. 1.4.2 Supervision and monitoring The expertise required for monitoring of air, noise, water, biodiversity and bioengineering measures is expensive in case of Mizoram and in most of the Originol Document by ICT & CES Revised and Updaoed by LASA MizorOm Stote Roods Project Phase-II EIA for PIS, Annexures. June 2003 cases it is not available in the North-east states. Equipment haulage costs are also high. The State Pollution Control Board has a laboratory and few trained staff but lacks air-sampling equipment. Hence it was felt prudent to utilize the EMP funds for procurement of necessary equipment and have a tie up with the SPCB towards monitoring of air, noise and water sampling. An outline of agreement for mcnitoring works between PIU and SPCB is prepared. No monitoring has been carried out in the construction sites to date. Biodiversity monitoring is suggested by the EMP to serve as a databank for understanding the impacts the construction may have on the biodiversity. Since the methodology used for pre-project assessment of biodiversity is 'Quadrant' method, construction stage monitoring with the same methodology will yield comparable results. However, with the concerns expressed over validity and use of monitored data, biodiversity monitoring is not undertaken. 1.4.3 Reporting of implementation Apart from the mechanism suggested in the EMP for implementation, the Supervision consultant has prepared guidelines for the engineer's site staff. The guidelines include purpose of EMP implementation and the role of Supervision consultant. It also includes a checklist of items to be reported, the frequency and necessary formats for reporting. Reporting system provided in the EMP is slightly modified and is elaborated further. However, the reporting system is limited to the communication between site staff and supervision consultant's head office. Reporting to the PIU is only in the form of progress reports and interim reports. Original Document by icr & CES Revised and Updoted by LASA .0 AIMizorcrn State k-,nds Project Phose-II .':!A for PIB. Annexures, June 2003 Annexure 6.2 Precautions to be taken while disposing waste material The contractor shall take the following precautions while disposing off the waste material > During the site clearance and disposal of debris, the contractor will take full core to ensure that public or private properties are not damaged/affected, there is no dwellings below the dumpsite and that the traffic is not interrupted. Sk Contractor will dispose off debris only at the identified places (identified and described in EIA report) or at other places only with prior permission of Engineer. > Contractor can also dispose off the debris for the improvements in public utilities after the consent of villagers and approval of Engineer. > In the event of any spoil or debris from the sites being deposited on any adjacent land, the contractor will immediately remove all such spoil debris and restore the affected area to its original state to the satisfaction of the Engineer. > The contractor will at all times ensure that the entire existing stream courses and drairs within and adjacent to the site are kept safe and free from any debris. > Where possible. the vegetation below should be already disturbed, avoiding mature forest to the extent practicable. > Contractor will utilize effective water sprays during the'delivery and handling of materials when du.-t is likely to be created and to dampen stored materials during dry and windy weather. > Materials having the potential to produce dust will not be loaded in a truck to a level higher than the side and tail boards and will be covered with a tarpaulin in good condition. > During cutting of hills and disposal of debris, proper warning signs are to be installed to the satisfaction of the Engineer. > Any diversion required for traffic during disposal of debris shall be provided with traffic control signals and barriers after discussion with local people and with the permission of Engineer. > During the debris disposal. contractor will take care of surrounding features and avoid any damage to it. While disposing debris / waste material, the contractor will take into account the wind direction and location of settlements to ensure against any dust problems. Adequate arrangements will be made to ensure that the debris/waste material is disposed off nearest to the designated dumping site. The report on this activity shall be prepared regularly by NGOs / Village Council Presidents (VCPs).. Original Documrent by ICr & CES Peviseci ond Upoated by LASA .'.1 c'rnr Store RooCs Project Phcse-i; - EA for PIB. Annexures, June 2003 Annexure 6.3 Facilities and hygiene at construction camps Adequate number of latrines shall be provided at construction camps besides other sanitary arrangements at areas of the site where work is in progress to ensure hygienic conditions. Except in workplaces provided with water-flushed latrines connected with a water borne sewage system, all latrines shall be provided with dry-earth system (receptacles) which shall be cleaned at least four times daily and at least twice during working hours and kept in perfect sanitary condition. Receptacles shall be tarred inside and outside at least once a year. * Potable water supply systems for labour camps occupants shall be as per the design approved by the Local Public Health Engineering Deportment and meet the water quality standards as prescribed by the State Pollution Control Board. In addition, the design of water system facilities shall be based on the suppliers Engineer's estimates of water demands. * At the construction camps as well as other workplace, good and sufficient water supply shall be maintained to eliminate chances of waterborne diseases to ensure the health and hygiene of the workers. * Prior approval of concerned medical, health or municipal authorities shall be obtained for the site for location of the camps. * The workers shall be provided preventive medical care at the camps and at other workplaces. * It will be ensured that construction workers do not cut trees and vegetation for their fuel requirements. Therefore adequate quantity of Kerosene or any other fuel will be provided to the labourers to prevent use of vegetation and trees as fuel. * Construction workers will be directed not to poach upon fauna and hunting shall be strictly prohibited. * All construction labourers' camps shall be provided with a sewage system (including septic tanks and soak pits) designed, built and operated such that no pollution to ground or adjacent water bodies/water courses take place. * Garbage bins shall be provided in the camps and regularly emptied and garbage disposed off in a hygienic manner. to the satisfaction of the relevant norms. * It will be ensured that the percolating wastewater does not reach the underground water resources. * Adequate arrangements for disposal of excreta by composting at the site duly approved by the local health/municipal authorities will be made to avoid the pollution of surrounding environment. . On completion of the works, all such temporary structures shall be cleared away, all rubbish burnt, excreta tank and other disposal pits or trenches filled in and effectively sealed off and the outline site left clean and tidy, at the Contractor's expense to the entire satisfaction of the engineer. .nCI Document oy ICT & C-S . sec anct Upoore0 cy LASA N,1iZOrCM Stote Roccas Project Ptiose." ,A :. for P 18, A nre ,.s, Jurne 2003 Annexure 6.4 instructions for rehabilitation of Quarry and Borrow areas * The objective of rehabilitation programme is to return the quarry /borrow pit sites into a safe and secure area, which the general public should be able to safely enter and enjoy. Securing borrows pits/quarry sites in a stable condition should be a fundamental requirement of the rehabilitation process. This could be achieved by filling the quarry / borrow pit floor to approximately the access road level. * It is important to plan restoration from the outset and coordinate restoration with quarrying activities. In addition to the bio-diversity issues, land planning considerations are also taken into account when defining a rehabilitation project in order both to preserve the environment and to generate income for the local communities. In this framework, quarry rehabilitation often leads to the creation of wetlands and natural reserves or recreation areas. * Special quarry/borrow pit rehabilitation plan called 'landscape plan' should be specified accord:;-,g to the location and shaping of the mining slopes after exploitation and overburdened dump, with different subsequent uses e.g. forest. meadow, reserve for special and endangered species of animals and plants, wetlands etc.. the re-greening and replanting methods. This rehabilitation plan with focus on bio-diversity should be worked out in co-operation with nature protection experts. Other criteria, which should be followed for rehabilitation of quarry/borrow pits, are given below: * Quarries and borrow pits will be backfilled with rejected construction wastes and will be given a vegetative cover. If this is not possible. then the excavation slopes will be smoothed and depression will be filled in such a way that it looks more or less like the original ground surface. * During works execution, the contractor shall ensure preservation of trees during piling of materials; spreading of stripping material to facilitate water percolation and allow natu(al vegetation growth; reestablishment of previous natural drainage flows; improvement of site appearance: digging of ditches to collect runoff; and maintenance of roadways where a pit or quarry is declared useable water source for livestock or people nearby. Once the works are completed. the contractor shall restore at his own expense. the environment around the work site to its original splits. * To create a safe environment under the terms of The Mines and Quarries Act, the faces have to be reduced to a naturally stable slope or be adequately fenced to prevent access to the top and bottom of the faces. Such a fence must be of a height as prescribed under The Mines Act with a barbed wire top strand designed to exclude the public from the quarry area. Depending on the location of the site, presence of a permanent lake is considered to be a satisfactory alternative to a fence. * Appropriate plant species for the planting programme have to be selected in consultation with ecological consultant and local forest department. Depending on the limitations on the availability of appropriate plant material, harsh growing conditions flack of irrigation and hot :rnmer) and ongoing quarry rehabilitation operations there may be .';ui oI Cccumenr sT.:. iCT e~-.E sec cnc! ayXce oLM A ; | Mizoram Stote Roods Project Phose-11 EIA for PIS. Annexures, June 2003 substantial loss of plantation and the planting programme may have to be continued for over 3-5 years. AS plantings are progressively established, they should be monitored before undertaking the next stage to ensure maximumn plant survival rates. * The quarry or borrow pit immediate surroundings should be developed as a low maintenance reserve, with significant areas of native trees and shrubs and areas of longer grass and tussocks forming the open spaces. Walkways around the borrow site must be constructed. Provision for a future drive-in picnic area and car-parking area may be developed. C;clinoI Document by ICT & CES Revised ond Updated by LASA Mizorom State Roods Project Phor-e-. EIA for PI8. Annexures. June 200( Annexure 7.1 Reporting system formats C 1: Construction camp and storage area Construction Stage Report: Date _ _ Month_ _ Year_ (Site Layout of Construction camp and working drawings of dwelling units with allied facilities to be attached with format) Format to be sub, ri ted before target date (decided by PP.) of establishing camps as Camp no. WC Location of Camp (km Package . ) S.No Item Unit Details Remarks by SC.i any 1. Detail of item camp a. Size of Camp Mxm b. Area of Camp sq.m c. Distance from Nearest Settlement d. Distance from Nearest Water Source Type/Size/Capacity/ present Use/Ownership Date of camp being operational dd/mm/yy Present land use No other trees with girth > 0.3m. e. Details of Storage area(Availability of mxm impervious surface) f. Availability of separate waste disposal from Cum storage area 2. Details of toposoil stacking a. Quantity of top soil removed sq.m b. Detail of storage of topsoil Describe stockling arrangement . 3. Details of workforce a. Total No of Labourers nos b Total no of Male Workers nos c. No of Male Workers below 18 years of age nos d. Total No of Female Workers nos e. No of Female workers below 18 years of nos age f. No of children nos 4. Details of dwelling units a. No of dwellings/huts nos b. Minimum Size of Dwelling mxm c. No. of openings per dwelling nos d. Minimum size of opening mxm e. Walls specifications f. Roofing specifications q Flooring specifications h. Drinking Water Tank specifications i. Capacity of Drinking water Tank cum . Total no of WC nos k. No of Wcs for female workers Nos 1. Total No of Bathrooms for female workers Nos m. Size of septic tank for WC/Baths Mxmxm n. Capacity of Water Tank for WCs/ Bathrooms and general purpose _ Oricinal Document by ICT & CES Revised and Updated by LASA ! 3 Mizorom Stote Roads Project Phase-it EIA for PI8 Annexures, June 2003 S.No Item Unit Details Remarks by SC.if any o. Fencing around camp Y/N 5 Details of facilities a Availability of secunty guard 24 hrs o day Yes/No b Details of First Aid Facility Yes/No c Availability of Dav Care Centre Yes/No d Availobility of dust bins (capacity 60 Itr) nos Certified that the furnished information is correct. The quality of work is as per good practice and all relevant information as required is attached Project Engineer (Contractor) (Supervision Consultant) C2: Selection of Dumping site locations Route Stretch: To (Give chainages and nearest settlements from both ends) Criteria on which information for each site is to be collected Site I Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Area covered (m2) Total Material that can be dumped within the site (M3) Depth to which dumping is feasible (m) Distance of nearest watercourse (m) Nearest Settlement (m) Date/s of Community Consultation/s Whether the community is agreeable to siting of dumping site (Y/N) Date of Permission from Village Council President(VCP) Proposed future use of the Site Selected Site (tick any one column only) Enclosures (Tick as appropriate): Map of each location/Photographs/Each dumping location/Each community consultation/Photocopies of permissions from VCPs Certified that the above information is correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Date: (Contractor) Name and Designation of Verifier: Date: Recommendation on the suitability of the site Signed Date: Name & Designation: Decision Taken (tick one): Approved/Not Approved Signed: Date: Name and Designation of Deciding Authority Original Document by ICT CES Revised ;nd Updated Cy LASA ! Mizorom State Roads Project Phose-ll EIA for P 8, Annexures. June 2003 C3: BORROW AREAS Construction Stage Report: Date _ Month Year_ Site Layout of Borrow Area and Proposed Borrow Area Redevelopment Plan to be attached with format Format to be submitted before target date as (decided by PIU) for establishing Borrow Areas Borrow Area No. Location of Borrow Area (Km Package Si. No Item Unit Details Remarks by CSC, if ______ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~any I Details of Borrow AreaY a Date of Borrow Area becoming oprsioaldd/mm/yy b Current Landuse c Distance from Nearest Settlement Km d No of settlements within 200m of Haul No. Road e No of settlements within 500m of Borrow No. ____ _ Area_ f Total Capacity cum 9 No of Trees with girth more than 0.3 m No. h Length of Haul Road km i Width of Haul road m Type of Haul Road metal/dir k Size of Borrow Area sqkm I Area of Borrow Area km x km m Quantity Available cum n Distance of Nearest Water Source Type/Size/Capocity/Present Use/Own rship o Quantity of top soil removed cum p Detail of storage of topsoil q Daily/occasional use of the Borrow Area - by the community, if any r Probable reuse of Borrow pit-ask - community s Drainoge channels/slope/characteristics - of the area 2 Enhancement Elements a Quantity of top soil removed sq.m b Detail of storage of topsoil sq.m c Adjoining land use/Natural elements d Near by catchment for storing water e Erosion Control Programme Preventive measures for Leaching ii Mosquito Breeding iii Water run-off/contamination iv Any other environmental degradation 3 Details of workforce a Total No of Labourers No. b Total no of Male Workers No. c No of Male Workers below 18 years of No. age d 'Talci No of Female Workers No. Oo,girn' !oc.,rnent oy rCT & CES Revised and Updoted by LASA mizorom State Roads Project Phose-Ii EIA for P18. Annexures. June 2003 e No of Female workers below 18 years of No. age 4 Details of redevelopment, Plan to be enclosed Certified that the furnished information is correct the quality of work is as per good proctice and all relevant information as required is attached Project Engineer (Supervision Consultant) (Contractor) C4: TARGET SHEET FOR PROTECTION MEASURES AT SPECIFIC LOCATIONS WHERE ENDANGERED FLORA IS FOUND CHAINAGE: DATE: Species to be protected 1) No. of plants_ _ 2) No. of plants . 3) No. of plants_ Total Area to be protected . (along the road) x_ _ m (1 to road) No. of Bamboo Poles 1750 mm high No. of Bamboo Poles 750 mm high No. of Bamboo Poles 2000 mm long No. of Bamboo Poles 2100 mm long No. of Bamboo Poles 2400 mm long Length of Barbed wire m No. of Bamboo mats 2 m x I m with 1.1.1 Openings <6mm Description of condition of specific plants being protected: Attach copy of photograph showing current situation. (Contractor's representative) (Engineer's Environmental Specialist) Originol Document ov CT & CES Revised ond Ucdotec cv LASA Mizorom Stote Roods Project Phase-l1 EtA for P IE. Annexures, June 2003 CS: POLLUTION MONITORING Construction Stage: Report -Dote Month_ _ Year_ (Locations at which monitoring to be conducted as per EMP) Completion Details of Duration Instruments Date of Reason S.No. Choinage location oniuorg Dat tkion if for Delay I -ompleted if any Air Monitoring 2. 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1' _ _ r _ Water Monitoring Soil Monitoring 2 Noise Monitoring I -~~~_ _ I _ Certified thMt the Pollution Monitoring has been conducted at all the locations specified In the EMP and as per the directions of the SC Project Engineer r ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Contracto (Supervision Consultant) Oric!¢, !a, '...Curren by IC' S CES ........ ! Rexvised and Uipaoreo by LASA b AMizorom State Roads Projecr Phose-il EIA for P t8.Annexures. June 2003 C6: CLEANING OF CULVERT OPENINGS Construction Stage: Report - Date Month_ _ Year Completion Tarc et S. No. Location / Date of Completion if task Reoson for Deloy if any 1 'Chainoge Target Dote completed 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 1 2 13 Project Engineer (Supervision consultant) Qricin', ocumnent y ICT & CES - aev ned' Upcodate oy LASA AMizo,rrn Stote Roads Project Phcse-U EIA icrPI BAnnexures. Jurne 2003 C 7: MONITC*NG SHEET FOR SPECIFIC ENDANGERED FLORA LOCATIONS TO BE PROTECTED PERIOD OF VERIFICATION ..TO CHAINAGE _ _ KM Species to be Protected No. of Plants No. of Bamboo Poles in first row of which damaged No. of Bamboo poles damaged in first row Length of Ditch _ _ m Length of Ditch Cleared m (Quantity of material removed from ditch m3) No. of Bamboo Poles in second row _ of which damaged No. of Horizontal Poles in second row of which damaged No. of MS angles (50x50x8J No. of Bamboo mats _ of which damaged Description of Area being protected (include description of condition of specific plants being protected) Recent Photograph attached Yes a G No Certified that the above information has been collected from on-site observations. (Contractor's Representative) (Engineer's'Environmentaf Specialist) Cric!cr- Cccurnent oy *CT 2 &,ES He; -sec aond Upcioreo Cy LASA I.Ii,9 Environmen,tal Management Plan for P1B: Annexures Mizoram State Roads Project, Phase-l1 01: TARGET SHEET FOR ROAD SIDE TREE PLANTATION Operation Stage: Report - Date Month Year_ Roadside Trees Turfing on slopes Section Hill Side Valley Side S. No. (km - Total Area Total Km) Species Planted Species turfed Species Tured (Sq.rr ~~(Sg.m) Nos Nos Nos Certified that the furnished information is correct Project Engineer (PIU) Original Document by ICT & CES Revised and Updated by LASA Environmental Management Plan for PtB: Annexures Mizoram Stare Roads Project. Phase-Il 02: CLEANING OF CULVERTS Operation Stage: Report - Date . . Month Year_ Location / Completion Tarqet______ | S. No. cain / Date of Completion Reason for Delay 2 ChOnoge hrauet Date if task complete if any 7 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Project Engineer (Supervision Consultant) Original Document by ICr & CES Revised and Updated by LASA