Final Environmental Impact Assessment- Vlore Combined Cycle 111 ifI EGeneration Facility Prepared for: REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY & ENERGY Aw'+v; tEL '-2C; S ,' ,w7 ,-2 Sponsored by the U.S. Trade and Development X 2< Agency Activity No. 2000-70093A I= ~ ~ Grant No. GH2793403 October 6,2003 AiK [ Prepared By: > <,2 el*MWH I4 C O CONSULTING II Final Environmental Impact Assessment - tVlore Combined -> l L Prepared for: REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA 0= -- MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY & ENERGY [.~~~~~~. ~ . . , ,^< ^_ \ 8 C14 -~ ,>j |Sponsored by the U.S. Trade and Development Agency # 4< - ---i__--- Activity No. 2000-70093A Grant No. GH2793403 October 6, 2003 Prepared By: < < - l MWH aM,CO1N < S ULTMWH ) ~C ON S ULT IN G d< 3 OC increase World Bank Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, Thermal Power: Guidelines for New Plants - July 1998 The values are over and above background levels in the cooling water source. There are no EU standards for liquid effluents from thermal power generating facilities at this time. The European Commission has produced an Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) document for cooling systems and chemical discharges from thermal generating facilities - the Reference Document on the Application of Best Available Techniques to Industral Cooling Systems, Annex VIl, Special Application: Power Industry. The EU only has thermal discharge standards for fresh water receiving waters at this time. TABLE 3.5 WORLD BANK NOISE STANDARDS Maximum allowable log equivalent (hourly measurements) dB(A) Day (07:00 - Night (22:00 - 07:00) 22:00) Residential, 55 45 Institutional, Educational Industrial, 70 70 Commercial World Bank Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, Thermal Power: Guidelines for New Plants - July 1998 The plant is located in an industrial commercial area, therefore, the value of 7OdB(A) applies. 3.1 ALBANIAN INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK The Albania Ministry of the Environment (MOE), formerly the Committee for Environmental Protection, has responsibility for environmental protection, management and rehabilitation in 22 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment (DMWH Albania. Its authority was originally defined in the 1991 Law on Environmental Protection, which was drafted with the assistance of EU experts. This law was updated in 1998 when changes to the institutional framework were made. The MOE reports directly to the Council of Ministers and is augmented by 12 regional environment agencies (REA). Its responsibilities include: * Completion of legal framework: A legislative and regulatory framework that conforms to EU standards is being drafted with the assistance of EU experts. The framework development is ongoing and is expected to increase the strength of the Albanian environmental regulation and enforcement in time. * Environmental permitting: The law on Environmental Protection defines several categories of activities that are potentially damaging to the environment and require special approval from the Council of Ministers or licenses from the MOE. * Implementation of International Conventions. 3.1.1 Key Albanian Environmental legislation The most important pieces of legislation relating to environmental protection are listed in Table 3.6 together with a brief description of their provisions. There are many Albanian laws that contain environmental provisions and this is not a complete list. TABLE 3.6 IMPORTANT ALBANIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS Law Description Law on Environmental Contains the main provisions relating to environmental licenses and Protection, 1991. environmental impact assessment, as well as defining the responsibilities of the various regulatory authorities that deal with environment, the enforcement regime and the penalties and sanctions that may be imposed. This law was updated in 1998 to take account of changes in the institutional framework. Hazardous Waste Specifies the permitting and labeling requirements for the import and Decision, 1994 export of hazardous waste. Incorporates the "polluter pays" principle whereby polluters are required to fund any environmental clean-up costs caused by their activities Water Law, 1996 Provides the framework to protect water resources and makes the National Water Council responsible for issuing permits for abstractions and discharges. Inspectors can suspend operations where there has been serious violation of discharge limits. In the case of illegal abstractions fines of up to 1 million Lek may be imposed. Water Supply and Regulates the activities of the water treatment and supply companies Sanitation Law, 1996 Law on Urban Defines a system of land use planning and construction permitting Development, 1993 under the control of the National Council for Territory Planning and up to forty District Councils. There are two stages to the approval process. In the first stage District Councils may approve projects of up 23 Project# 1003316.013901 ( # C .C/ * MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment E H to a half-hectare, larger projects require National Council approval. In the second stage construction permits are issued by the relevant Ministry (Construction, Economy or Agrculture) depending on the location of the project. The Albanian government signed the Convention on Climate Change in 1994. However, as of September 2003 the government of Albania has not ratified the Kyoto treaty. 3.1.2 Environmental Impact Assessment The 1991 law on Environmental Protection provided the basic framework for a system of environmental impact assessments, but not the detailed specification of when an EIA is required and how it should be carried out. This detail has been left to the MOE to develop. The framework will be completed with a separate law on Environmental Impact Assessment currently being drafted. This law is expected to be completed within the next two years. Under the 1991 law, various bodies can require the sponsors of a project to undertake an EIA. These include the MOE, the Regional Environment Agencies (REA), communes, municipalities and district councils. The projects which the law states will require EIA include: 1. Projects of national or local significance including land use planning and urban development planning and any amendments to these. 2. Projects and activities which have significant impacts on the environment and which are particularly dangerous to human health. 3. Projects for reconstruction and enlargement of activities referred to in point two of this article. 4. Projects and local activities according to the judgment and definitions made by the local authority. The MOE has the responsibility for defining which projects fall under the definitions provided in points 1,2 and 3 above, while local authorities may make their own decisions about projects falling under point 4. 3.1.3 Permitting Requirements The environmental permitting process is set out in the 1991 Law on Environmental Protection, as amended in 1998. The law states that the relevant competent authorities should license all economic and social activities that may have an impact on the environment. The activities specifically mentioned by the law and the authorities responsible for issuing these licenses are listed below. 1. Construction and setting into work of various facilities of local and national interest. 2. Local and national programs and plans for territory restructuring and urban development as well as their amendments. 24 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment IMWH 3. Construction of roads, railways, seaports, hydropower plants, other industrial activities, land reclamation and projects governing the improvement of superficial watercourses. 4. Exploration, extraction or exploitation of natural soil and subsoil minerals and resources. 5. Exploitation of mineral or biological resources in waters intended for fishing, taking into account species, seasons, means and admissible levels of fishing. 6. Exploitation of forests that are of common interest; creation of forested areas; hunting, taking into account species, seasons, means and admissible levels of hunting. 7. Exploitation of flora, fauna, natural resources, coastal zones and sea bottoms. 8. Opening up of new areas for growing fruits in zones with protected water resources. 9. Production, sale or use of toxic products. 10. The import and export of toxic substances, and the transportation of toxic substances through the territory of the Republic of Albania. 11. Determining the manner of transportation, the site of deposit, processing and disposal of toxic and hazardous wastes. 12. The import and export of plants and animal species considered to be flora or fauna. 13. Other activities that may have an impact on the environment, and which shall be determined by National Environment Agency. Environmental licenses for the activities listed above are required from the following authorities: 1. Council of Ministers: Activities 10 and 11 2. MOE or Relevant REA: Activitiesl through 9 and 12 3. MOE: Activity 13 The permitting system for enterprises is currently in a state of transition. Prior to the 1991 law, several state institutions had the right to grant operating licenses to enterprises and coordination between Ministries was not always very effective. The responsibilities for obtaining all relevant construction and operation permits should be worked out between the owner and the construction contractor. The EIA process followed in this report is driven by the requirements of the lending institutions. The Albanian requirements for public disclosure of the project have been discussed with the MOE and are met by following the requirements of the lending institutions. The Ministry of Industry and Energy and the Ministry of the Environment are responsible for review and approval of this EIA. 25 Project# 1003316.013901 < ( M ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental Impact Assessment _MWN 4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION This section contains a description of the physical characteristics of the planned combined cycle power plant and is organized as follows: * Combined cycle technology description * Plant description * Fuel supply * Transmission * Water requirements * Transportation * EPC project schedule 4.1 COMBINED CYCLE TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION Combustion turbines are available from a number of manufacturers worldwide. A combustion turbine is a packaged machine (pre-assembled to the maximum extent practical by the equipment supplier) consisting of an air compressor, combustor, gas turbine and electric generator. Ambient air is drawn through an inlet air filter and raised to combustor pressure by the multistage axial compressor. Fuel is mixed with the compressed air and burned in the combustor section. The hot gases then expand through the turbine and are exhausted to the atmosphere. The shaft power produced by the turbine drives the compressor and an electric generator. The typical combustion turbine converts approximately 40 percent of its fuel energy input into shaft output (power generation). The majority of the energy input is lost in exhaust heat in a simple cycle turbine. A combined cycle configuration recovers a portion of the exhaust heat and converts it to steam. Steam is then routed to a steam turbine for additional power generation. A combined cycle unit converts almost 60 percent of its fuel energy input into electricity. A 2-on-I combined cycle unit consists of two combustion turbines, two heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), and a single steam turbine. The high-temperature exhaust gas from each combustion turbine is routed to a HRSG in order to produce steam. The steam from both HRSG's is combined and directed to the inlet of a steam turbine for the production of power. Exhaust steam is condensed utilizing a surface condenser and associated cooling water system. Condensate is then returned to each HRSG to close the steam/condensate/feedwater cycle. Power is obtained from generators coupled to the combustion turbines and steam turbine. 26 Project# 1003316.013901 C'/ *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment 4.1.1 Major Processes The following paragraphs describe the major material flow paths associated with a typical combined cycle facility. Fuel Supply The standard combustion turbine for most manufacturers is based on firing either natural gas or a liquid fuel, such as distillate oil. Most combustion turbines can be specified to fire either or both fuels. Feedwater and Steam A typical combined cycle unit, in the size of approximately 100 MW, utilizes a non-reheat, multi-pressure steam generator to maximize energy recovery from the gas turbine exhaust. Increasing the number of steam pressure levels reduces the exhaust gas and steam / water energy difference. Two or three-pressure steam cycles achieve better efficiency than the single-pressure systems, but their installed cost is higher. They are the economic choice when the fuel is expensive or if the duty cycle requires a high load factor. This three-pressure level cycle is similar to the single-pressure cycle with the addition of the low-pressure and intermediate-pressure sections. Improved plant performance with multiple-pressure steam cycles results from additional heat transfer surface installed in the HRSG. Heat Rejection In the condenser, the steam turbine exhaust is condensed back into water (condensate) as heat is transferred from the steam to cooling water that is circulated through the condenser tubes. In a once-through cooling system the heated water is discharged after one or two passes through the condenser. 4.1.2 Major Equipment and Systems Combustion Turbine Generators A wide range of combustion turbines is available from a number of global manufacturers. Each model and manufacturer have subtle variations too numerous to describe in this report. In general combustion turbines used in power generation applications can be classified into three major categories, aero-derivative, heavy-duty industrial, and advanced class turbines. Aero-derivative machines are based on the design, technology, and materials used in aircraft engines. In general, the lower exhaust temperatures of the aero-derivatives make them less desirable in a combined cycle configuration. Aero-derivatives are best suited for simple cycle applications. Heavy-duty combustion turbines have higher exhaust temperatures than aero-derivative machines, and are ideally suited for combined cycle applications. Heavy-duty units are typically used in small to mid-size combined cycle units (80 to 250 MW). 27 Project# 1003316.013901 CV .1%) results in a savings to the levelized generation cost of $0.0033/kWh, but results in significantly higher particle emissions and approximately twice the amount of NOx and SOx emissions. Distillate oil has been selected as the fuel source due to its reduced impact on the environment. Table 4.1 represents a typical distillate fuel analysis. This fuel analysis was used in the performance cases described later in this report. TABLE 4.1 TYPICAL FUEL ANALYSIS Component Value °API 32 Specific gravity 60/60°F (15.5°C) 0.865 Kinematic viscosity, centistokes(cs) at 2.7 100°F ASTM maximum kinematic viscosity, cs 3.4 (104oF) ASTM water and sediment, max. vol. % 0.05 Carbon residue, wt% Trace Flash Point OC (min) 56 Ash, wt% Not Applicable Gross heating value, Btu/lb 19,489 Net heating value, Btu/lb 18,320 Sulfur, wt% <0.1 as S 30 Project# 1003316.013901 C.cV OMWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessmentm Oxygen, wt% <0.1 Nitrogen, wt% <0.1 Hydrogen, wt% 12.7 Carbon, wt% 86.6 Actual fuel analysis will be based on the fuel contract negotiated by KESH. 4.2.2 Transmission As advised by KESH, the proposed interconnection point of the new plant with the Albanian transmission system is the new Babica 220/110 kV substation (2 transformers at 100 MVA each), which is located east of Vlore. KESH will determine the exact location of the substation, as well as the exact transmission path from the plant to the substation. The new Babica 220/110 kV substation and the construction of a new Fier - Babica 220 kV transmission line are part of a project to be financed by the South Korean Govemment to improve the reliability and quality of service in the southwestern part of Albania. The Babica 110 kV bus will also connect to the Vlore 110 kV, and the Selenice 110 kV substations. The construction of the Babica 220/110 kV substation and Fier - Babica 220 kV line is the first phase of a larger transmission project to be financed by the South Korean Government. The estimated cost of this phase is $14.1 million. Further proposed phases of this transmission project include the construction of a new 110/20 kV Vlore 2 substation (two transformers at 25 MVA each), a five kilometer Babica - Vlore 2 110 kV line, a 90 km Vlore 2 - Sarande 110 kV transmission line, and the new 110/20 kV Himara Substation (two transformers at 16 MVA each). If the Babica Substation is not built, the project will interconnect into the existing Vlore Substation with a four and a half km line. Either transmission line should acquire the necessary environmental permits for construction of the line. Securing these permits is the responsibility of KESH. 4.2.3 Water Requirements Preliminary water mass balances have been developed for the winter, annual average, and summer operating conditions, and are included at the end of this section. The water mass balances are based on a typical 2-on-1 combined cycle configuration. The following table illustrates the seasonal water requirements of the facility: TABLE 4.2 WATER REQUIREMENTS Perform Process (Non- Non-Contact ance Cooling) Water Cooling Water Case Requirements Requirements (m3/hr) (m3/hr) Winter 170.0 7110 31 Project# 1003316.013901 ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment 03 _ Annual 156.3 7110 Average Summer 193.2 7110 The following paragraphs provide a more detailed description of the processes illustrated by the water mass balances. 4.2.4 Water Supply and Treatment Once-through cooling utilizing seawater is required for steam cycle heat rejection. Submerged intake and discharge diffusers are anticipated to be located approximately 600 m offshore. The submerged pipelines are likely to be concrete-lined pipe or high-density polyethylene with concrete collars for negative buoyancy. The EPC contractor will be required to select the most cost effective alternative based on construction requirements and site-specific conditions. Due to concerns about the intermittent service of the Vlore municipal water system, plant service water will be obtained by treating seawater with a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system to avoid unnecessary outages associated with the intermittent municipal water system. Potable water for drinking and restroom facilities will be obtained via interconnection with the Vlore municipal water system located adjacent to the site. If necessary, the RO system can provide sufficient potable water for the facility with some additional investment. Service water, obtained from the desalination system and stored onsite, is required for makeup to the evaporative coolers (optional), supply to the cycle makeup treatment system (demineralizer), and general uses such as equipment wash downs and hose bibs. Demineralized water is produced from an onsite demineralization system, and is stored onsite. Demineralized water is required for steam cycle makeup, NOx injection control on the combustion turbines, compressor washing, and makeup to the closed cycle cooling water system. 4.2.5 Wastewater General plant wastewater is collected and conveyed to the plant wastewater collection and treatment system. Drains with the potential for oil contamination are routed through an oil/water separator prior to discharge to the wastewater collection sump. Sanitary drains are treated onsite by a packaged sewage water treatment plant (SWTP). The packaged SWTP system will provide secondary treatment. Demineralizer regeneration wastes and chemical drains are directed to an above ground fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) tank for neutralization prior to discharge. The wastewater collection sump collects wastewater from the following sources: * HRSG blowdowns * Evaporative cooler blowdowns (optional) * Oil/water separator effluent 32 Project# 1003316.013901 '7/ *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment * Neutralization tank effluent * SWTP effluent The HRSG blowdowns may be routed to the neutralization tanks for pH adjustment prior to discharge. The wastewater collection sump collects the treated wastewater and discharges to the seal well located on the outlet side of the surface condenser. The treated effluent and cooling water return is then routed to an offshore outlet diffuser. Stormwater, without the potential for oil contamination, is routed and discharged as dictated by the specific characteristics of the site. 4.2.6 Transportation The Port of Vlore is a suitable size to receive major imported equipment requiring special handling. According to KESH, the maximum unloading weight, which can be accommodated at the Port of Vlore is up to 60 tons. Some manufacturers may need to adjust their standard shipping components to accommodate this limit or route larger items through the Port of Durres. The site is located approximately six km from the Port of Vlore and the nearest improved road. The existing access road consists primarily of a dirt road bed and is in disrepair. The entire road will require substantial upgrades and resurfacing. Numerous small bridges and culverts along the route will also require upgrade to support the high loads associated with the heavy-haul of the turbine-generator components. Several low hanging distribution power lines will require modification to allow the passage of large components and construction equipment. Any permits required for this work should be obtained from the proper authority. It is not anticipated that these permits will be a critical path item in the project schedule. 4.2.7 EPC Project Schedule The facility will likely have a 24-month construction schedule. This timeframe is considered typical for this size of project. Depending on market conditions, schedules of varying durations may be offered by the EPC bidders. This schedule is based on a generic 2-on-1 combined cycle configuration. The duration shown for the procurement of the combustion turbines is considered typical for units of this size. However the actual duration will vary somewhat between manufacturers, and will depend on the manufacturers shop status at the time of the EPC bid. The schedule reflects the EPC portion of the project only, and does not reflect the overall schedule including EPC bid period, project development, environmental permitting, and financing. 33 Project# 1003316.013901 C. / (MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment |joumffi 5 BASELINE SITE CONDITIONS This section presents information related to the environmental impact assessment of the Vlore site area. This work is based on existing data and information. The assessment includes discussion of the baseline environmental and socioeconomic conditions, a detailed assessment of project impacts, planned mitigation measures and an Environmental Management Plan (EMP). As mentioned before, the site area is located along the coast, approximately four km northwest of the city of Vlore and two km west of the village of Narta. The site is situated adjacent to Porti i Ri, and is owned by the Albanian government. There is an existing fuel oil pipeline that runs along the north side of the site, connecting an offshore ship terminal to an oil storage tank farm approximately near the town of Narta. Baseline (existing) conditions at the site and its surrounding area are described below. 5.1 PHYSICAL CONDITIONS 5.1.1 Topography and Physiography The site is a sixteen-hectare, greenfield site located on a relatively flat area at the base of the Treportat Peninsula. Immediately surrounding the project area is the Bay of Vlore and the Adriatic Sea to the west, a flood plain to the east, and the Narta Lagoon to the north. The Treportat Peninsula is a low-lying peninsula ranging from sea level to 31 m in elevation that separates the Adriatic Sea from the Narta Lagoon. Other physiographic features of the surrounding area include low hills, sand dunes, and an alluvial-filled river valley. The primary surface water drainages in the project zone are the Vjose River, which drains into the Adriatic Sea north of the Narta Lagoon, and the Shushices River, which is tributary to the Vjose River. The low hills to the east of the project site are associated with the northernmost extension of the Lagunare and Kurveleshi mountains. The highlands (foothills) of the northernmost Lagunare Mountains average 60 m in elevation but reach a maximum elevation of approximately 245 m near Llakatundi village. The village is approximately 10 km from the Vlore site. As this mountain range extends south and east, the main peaks rise to upwards of 1,800 m in elevation. The foothills of the Kurveleshi Mountains, which border the eastern side of the Shushices River valley and the southem side of the Vjose River valley, reach a maximum elevation of nearly 385 m near the village of Kropisht. The Narta Lagoon, located approximately two km north of the site, is a shallow marine lagoon that borders the southern extension of the Vjose River delta. The southern portion of the Vjose River delta has been converted to a commercial salt operation. Former swamplands, now drained, are located north of the saltpan and south of the Vjose River. These rich agricultural lands are slightly above sea level. The Vlore floodplain consists of a large area located between the Narta Lagoon and the city of Vlore. A pumping station located on the southeast corner of the floodplain drains the lowland. 34 Project# 1003316.013901 <.c / 0MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment 5.1.2 Regional Geology and Soils The mountains of Albania, based on lithologic and tectonic relationships, are divided into two main geologic subdivisions, the Inner and the Outer Albanides. The Inner Albanides are dominated by ophiolitic nappes with no petroleum potential. The Outer Albanides consist of four semi-parallel thrust zones: the Krasta-Cukali Zone, the Kruja Zone, the lonian Zone, and the Sazani Zone. The site is located within the lonian and Sazani zones. Overlying portions of these thrust zones are three post orogenic basins: the Durres Basin overlying the northern portion of the lonian Zone; and the Kor,c and Burreli basins, which mainly overly portions of the Inner Albanides. According to available geological studies, the regional geology between Elbasan and Vlore consists of 30 percent marine sedimentary rock, 35 percent ultra basic rock, and 35 percent marine sedimentary rock with segments of lava basalt. The landscape between Lushnje and Elbasan is made up of various forms of marine sedimentary rock. Between the site and Lushnje, the surface geology consists primarily of marine sediments and non-divided river sediments. The coastal portion of the block from Vlore to Poro consists of quaternary marine sands and gravels on tertiary molasses headlands. The molasses were deposited in the Peri-Adriatic Depression, which overlies older carbonate sediments. Molasses also constitutes the central hilly portion of the area. The molasses consist of sandstones, siltstones, shales and marls. Gypsum crops out near Narta where a small abandoned quarry is located. Quaternary marshy deposits are found at the northern end of the Narta Lagoon. Quaternary and recent alluvium is found in the valleys of the Shushices and Vjose rivers. These sediments consist mainly of coarse sand and limestone pebbles. Finer-sized sediments are found in the more distal portions of the valleys. Older Tertiary and Mesozoic limestone crops out near Kanina and Drashovice south of the site. This limestone is resistant to erosion and is quarried in several places for lime, building materials and fill. The limestone is part of two major thrust zones: the lonian Thrust Zone, which consists of two main thrust belts, the Cika Belt to the south and the Kurveleshi belt to the north; and the second major thrust zone, the Sazani Zone, which crops out on Sazani Island and the Karaburuni Peninsula. The lonian Zone is the major oil and gas producing area in Albania. The western part of Vlore and the plain area bordering the Adriatic Sea are part of the Narta syncline. The hilly area to the east is a part of the Trevilazri anticline. The Narta syncline is made up of Neogene and Quaternary deposits. In general, the Neogene deposits consist of clay, clay stone, sandstone and conglomerate. The Quaternary deposits consist primarily of clayey silts and sands. According to the results of previous soil investigations, the maximum thickness of the Quaternary deposits is about 90 m. The lower section of the Quaternary deposits contains layers of clayey silts of lagoon-marine origin. These layers are overlaid by marine sandy 35 Project # 1003316.013901 7X *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental lmpactAssessment deposits. In the lowland area situated on the western periphery of Vlore, one to two m of recent clayey loam deposits cover the sand deposits. The site is located on marine sandy deposits. The sand is medium grained with a very low amount of clay to a depth of about five meters below ground level (mbgl). Below that, the sand becomes fine grained until 15 mbgl, where it then grades to sandy clay. 5.1.3 Seismicity Albania is one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the Mediterranean region and is periodically subject to moderate to severe earthquake activity. The entire coastline of Albania lies on active fault zones. Most earthquakes result from periodic movement of blocks along the deep-seated lonian-Adriatic faults. Over 211 earthquakes of magnitude 4.5 of greater were recorded in Albania between 1900 and 1999. On average, an earthquake causing damage occurs every two years. The most devastating earthquake on record in Albania occurred on April 15, 1979 (magnitude of 7.2) and was centered near the village of Bacallek near Shkoder. The Vlore region is influenced primarily by a fault that runs through Vlore and along the Shushices River valley. The area surrounding the Panaja Block is mapped as having an expected maximum magnitude of 6.5 to 7.0. The central part of the block, including the city of Vlore, has an expected maximum magnitude of 7.1 to 7.5. 5.2 ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS 5.2.1 Meteorology Albania has a subtropical Mediterranean climate. It is characterized by mild winters with abundant precipitation and hot, dry summers. The interior of the country is generally cooler and wetter due to the higher elevation of the mountains. The weather can also vary dramatically from north to south. The annual mean temperature in Albania varies between 70C over the highest zones and 150C on the coastal zone. The lowlands have mild winters; averaging about 70C. Summer temperatures in the lowlands average 24°C with high humidity. In the southern lowlands, temperatures average about five degrees higher throughout the year. Annual mean precipitation in Albania is approximately 1,485 millimeters (mm) per year. The majority of this precipitation (70 percent) falls during the winter months (October - March) and precipitation is usually heaviest in the mountains. The heavy precipitation experienced during the wet season is a result of the convergence of the prevailing airflow from the Mediterranean Sea and the continental air mass. On average, November receives the highest amount of precipitation, while July and August receive the least amount of precipitation. The annual number of rainy days (>1.0mm) varies between 80 and 120 days/year. Prevailing winds generally blow out of the north in Albania, however local wind patterns vary with topography, especially in the interior mountains. The prevailing winds at the site blow 36 Project# 1003316.013901 or, . < / *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment from the Northwest - from the plant toward Vlore. The average annual wind speed varies between 1.0 and 6.4 meters per second (m/sec). The highest values are usually recorded along the coastal zone and in the north and northeast part of the country. Climatic Conditions in Vlore Vlore is situated on a coastal plateau in the southern portion of Albania and experiences Central Mediterranean weather patterns. Meteorological data have been collected at Vlore since 1931. Average monthly temperature and precipitation data collected between 1931 and 1991 are presented in Table 5.1. The average monthly temperatures in Vlore during the period of record ranged between a high of 24.5°C in July and a low of 8.9°C in January. Annual precipitation in Vlore varied between 708.7 mm (1961) and 1,773.0 mm (1937), however the average annual precipitation over the period of record is 1,090 mm. TABLE 5.1 AVERAGE MONTHLY TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION, VLORE STATION (1931-1991) Month Temp (°C) Precipitation (mm) January 8.9 148 February 9.8 11.4 March 11.7 95 Aprl 14.8 78 May 18.4 55 June 22.2 32 July 24.5 14 August 24.4 27 September 22.2 73 October 18.4 134 November 14.5 164 December 10.9 156 Source: Albanian Academy of Science, Hydrometeorological Institute The sea and the local topography influence wind patterns in Vlore. According to the Hydrometeorological Institute of Albania, the predominant wind direction during the summer is out of the northwest and west. Daytime winds during the summer months are typically associated with relatively cooler and moist air masses blowing off the sea. During the winter, the wind generally blows offshore with the prevailing wind direction from the east and northeast. Average annual wind velocity in Vlore is 2.5 m/sec, however stronger winds with gusts upwards of 7 m/sec periodically blow from the south and southwest. The average annual frequency of calm (no winds) is approximately 43 percent. The most frequent winds blow from Southeast in winter and from the Northwest during the summer months. 37 Project# 1003316.013901 ex'./ *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental Impact Assessment 5.2.2 Air Quality There are no major point sources of air emissions in the Vlore area. Several industrial facilities that operated in Vlore in the past were shutdown in the 1990's. In addition, there is no reliable existing air quality data for the Vlore area. Due to the lack of industrial activity in the area and the lack of reliable data, it is assumed that current air quality conditions in the Vlore area satisfy a "moderate" air quality classification according to World Bank criteria. Air monitoring should be performed after the facility is in operation and confirmatory modeling should be performed using background air quality data collected. 5.2.3 Noise There is no information concerning the existing ambient noise pollution levels in the Vlore area. Noise is not a major concern in the immediate area surrounding the site. There are no sources of significant noise emissions at the site other than natural background noise levels common in an isolated area along the coast. Noise levels within the city of Vlore are typical of any urbanized area and are primarily associated with vehicle traffic. Confirmatory noise levels should be monitored during operation of the facility. 5.3 WATER RESOURCES The following section describes the water resources at or near the Vlore B Site, including the Vjose and Shushices rivers, Narta Lagoon, Bay of Vlore, and regional groundwater conditions. The section also includes a brief discussion of water availability for the planned Vlore power plant. 5.3.1 Vjose and Shushices Rivers The primary surface water drainages in the vicinity of the project area are the Vjose River and one of its major tributaries, the Shushices River. The Vjose River basin is 6,706 km2 and is one of the largest river basins in Albania. Average bankfull discharge is 195 cubic meters per second (m3/sec). Its headwaters originate in the Pindus Mountains of northwestern Greece and it drains into the Adriatic Sea approximately 10 km north of the Narta Lagoon. The Shushices River, which is a tributary to the Vjose River, originates in the Lagunare and Kurveleshi mountains and flows in a north/northwesterly direction. The confluence of the Shushices and Vjose rivers is located at the foot of the northern Kurveleshi Mountains, approximately 10 km northwest of the Site. Water quality data for the Vjose and Shushices rivers are not available. However, it is likely that local practices have impacted the lower portions of these drainages. Villages in the Vlore area dispose of solid waste and untreated sewage directly into nearby rivers and streams. Local streams frequently receive agricultural runoff. In addition, sedimentation may occur downstream of rock quarrying operations in the river valleys. 5.3.2 Narta Lagoon The Narta Lagoon is located about two km north of the site. The lagoon is approximately 42 km2 (4,200 hectares) and has an average depth of 0.5 to 1.2 m. It is separated from the Adriatic Sea by the Treportat Peninsula, but communicates with the sea through two narrow 38 Project# 1003316.013901 .( ¢@MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment channels in the peninsula. Salinity in the lagoon has been measured between 20 and 80 grams per liter (g/l). The Narta Lagoon habitat supports a wide variety of species. There is evidence that the lagoon is being adversely impacted by natural and anthropogenic activities. According to a recent Global Environment Facility (GEF) study, the Narta Lagoon is experiencing sedimentation of channels that provide marine and fresh water input. The lagoon reportedly receives waste discharges from agricultural runoff, untreated sewage, and a commercial salt operation. Uncontrolled fishing, often reportedly done with the use of explosives, may also affect the ecological characteristics of the lagoon. Water quality data for the lagoon are not available. Additional information regarding the existing biological resources of the area is provided in later in this report. 5.3.3 Vlore Floodplain The Vlore floodplain consists of a large area between the Narta Lagoon and the city of Vlore. A pumping station located on the southeast corner of the floodplain drains the lowland. Detailed information pertaining to the frequency and extent of flooding in this area is not available. 5.3.4 Adriatic Sea / Bay of Vlore As a member of the Barcelona Convention and Protocols, Albania is involved in an international monitoring program to track and analyze physical and chemical parameters of Mediterranean coastal waters. Albania's monitoring network consists of six monitoring stations located at beaches, harbors, lagoons, and river outlets in the Adriatic Sea, including one station located in the Bay of Vlore. The date of the most recent analyses for which data is available is 1996. The stations monitored temperature, pH, salinity, suspended solids, and dissolved oxygen. There is no specific information available on the fauna in the Bay of Vlore. The Adriatic and lonian Sea coast of Albania is approximately 429 km long. Fresh water from Albania's river basins flow into the sea at an average annual flow rate of approximately 1,300 m3/sec. Coastal waters off of Albania have been impacted by years of industrial, agricultural and domestic discharges, including disposal of liquid and solid waste directly into the sea as well as into rivers and groundwater systems that feed into the sea. These impacts are evidenced by elevated concentrations of nutrients, bacteria, heavy metals and other contaminants, especially in coastal waters close to populated areas and major river outlets. Analyses of water chemistry, sea sediments and mussel samples indicate that the coastal waters in the Bay of Vlore exhibit similar water quality characteristics to coastal waters in other parts of the country. However, levels of mercury in the sediments of Vlore are much higher than those of other zones. The elevated mercury concentrations are attributed to discharges from the abandoned soda chemical plant located west of the city along the coast. Fecal coliform counts are also much higher directly off the coast of Vlore as a result of the city's practice of discharging sewage directly into the sea. The results of seawater quality analyses are presented below. Physical, Chemical and Bacteriological Parameters 39 Project# 1003316.013901 ¢.( *MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment _ Coastal waters were analyzed for temperature, pH, suspended matter, dissolved oxygen, and fecal coliform counts. The results are presented below in Table 5.2 and Table 5.3. The high levels of fecal coliform that are present at the beaches of Vlore and the other main population centers of Durres and Saranda exceed standards recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), which range from 100 to 1,000 FCI1 00 ml. TABLE 5.2 RESULTS OF PYHICAL AND CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF SEAWATER IN ALBANIA (1996) Station General Location Temp. PH S Suspended Dissolved Code of Monitoring (sd nt)Solids 02 Station (oC) (std. units) (%) (mgl) (mg/Il) El 1 Mati gorge 22.6 8.47 5 9.5 7.95 E1 2 200m from gorge 22.0 8.52 8 6.8 7.58 E1 3 800m from gorge 20.0 8.48 24.5 7.6 7.40 E2 I Ishmi gorge 27.0 8.03 25.0 17.4 6.84 E2 2 200m from gorge 25.0 8.66 35.0 5.1 7.95 E2 3 800m from gorge 23.5 8.70 35.5 7.3 8.88 Cl1 Durres 20.0 8.49 37.5 2.7 7.77 Cl 2 Durres 20.0 8.49 36.7 1.6 7.58 Cl 3 Durres 20.0 8.51 25.7 1.6 7.58 E3 I Shkumbini gorge 24.0 8.51 N/A 111.0 7.03 E3 2 200m from gorge 24.0 8.45 N/A 113.0 7.58 E4 1 Seman gorge 27.0 8.35 N/A 419.0 6.66 E4 2 200m from gorge 26.0 8.19 N/A 475.0 6.66 E4 3 800m from gorge 24.0 8.24 N/A 21.3 9.76 C2 1 Vlore 27.0 8.51 N/A 5.7 12.66 C2 2 Vlore 25.5 8.57 N/A 2.1 7.40 C2 3 Vlore 26.0 8.52 N/A 20.0 7.19 C3 1 Sarande 25.5 8.54 N/A 1.30 7.40 L3 I Butrint 27.0 8.64 N/A 0.40 7.40 Source: Institute of Hydrometeorology TABLE 5.3 RESULTS OF FECAL COLIFORM ANALYSES FOR MAIN BEACHES IN ALBANIA Minimum Average Maximum Average Beach (FC/100ml) (FC/100ml) Shengjin 130 4 Durres 1,750 123 Vlore 4,183 430 Dhermiu (close to Vlore Bay) 23 0 Himara (close to Vlore Bay) 155 16 40 Project# 1003316.013901 L¶.( * MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment Borshi 32 0 Saranda 2,075 275 Source: Institute of Public Health Heavy Metal Concentrations The results of 1996 sampling and analysis of sediment and mussel samples in the Bay of Vlore support the conclusions of recent studies that identify the abandoned soda chemical plant in Vlore as a source of extensive mercury contamination. The chemical plant, which is located approximately two km south of the site, operated between 1978 and 1992. The plant was then substantially destroyed during civil unrest in 1997. The plant included an electrolysis building, a vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) production unit, and a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) production unit. UNEP has recently conducted detailed site investigations and risk reduction analyses, and has designated the area a "hot spot" posing imminent risks to public health and the environment. According to UNEP, the soda chemical plant used excessive quantities of mercury in its chlorine-alkali electrolysis operations and disposed of mercury-contaminated materials in a dumpsite between the abandoned plant and the Adriatic Sea. Approximately 65 tons of mercury was reportedly lost in spills during the production period. The plant was constructed without any effluent control measures and all wastewater was discharged into the Bay of Vlore without treatment. Sampling and analysis performed in 1998 indicated that metallic mercury (Hg) and mercury dichloride (HgCI2) are the prominent contaminants at that site. The relatively high permeability of the local geology facilitates easy transportation of contaminated groundwater to the Adriatic Sea. The results of chemical analyses of mussel samples from Vlore and other monitoring stations along the coast of Albania are presented in Table 5.4. The results of detailed sediment analyses conducted in the Bay of Vlore are presented in Table 5.5. TABLE 5.4 RESULTS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF MUSSEL SAMPLES FROM COASTAL WATERS OF ALBANIA1 Shengjin Durres Vlore Sarande Seman Karavastz Butrint Element Station Station Station Station Station Station Station C 4.3 C 1.3 C 2.2 C 3.1 E 4.1 L 1.1 L 3.1 Mercury (Hg) 0.021 0.040 0.129 0.024 0.061 0.113 0.103 Lead (Pb) 0.212 0.410 - 0.417 0.290 -.242 0.280 Cadmium (Cd) 0.448 0.192 0.219 0.213 0.205 0.330 0.229 Copper (Cu) 2.61 2.11 2.13 1.83 1.67 3.52 1.19 Chromium (Cr) 0.770 0.538 0.821 0.359 1.82 1.49 0.198 Zinc (Zn) 14.0 30.4 42.6 21.8 17.8 16.2 11.4 Manganese (Mn) 3.70 2.03 3.77 7.85 8.25 5.78 5.34 Iron (Fe) 130.4 101.5 261.4 101.5 291.5 219.5 22.05 ' Results presented in table represent average concentrations in mg/kg wet weight Source: Department of Analytical Chemistry of Natural Science Faculty of the University of Tirana 41 Project# 1003316.013901 If100 >200 PM1o >50 >100 S02 >50 >100 (1) Annual mean concentrations There is no regular monitoring system for air pollution in Albania. Therefore, it is difficult to find accurate baseline data regarding background air quality. No data exists that indicates the presence of other heavy industries currently operating in the vicinity of the facility that contribute to the ambient pollutant concentrations. The Regional Environmental Agency in Vlore reported 2001 baseline data provided by the Vlore REA can be seen in the following table: TABLE 6.12 BASELINE AIR QUALITY DATA - VLORE l_. _.0 0 NOx 22 PM1o NR S02 15 NR = Not Reported Note: Data regarding measurement criteria/frequency is not available. The data in Table 6.10 indicates that the impact of the emissions from the planned facility will result in the air quality in Vlore to remain within the "moderate" category. Facility emissions are acceptable and will not result in reclassification of the airshed air quality to the "poor' air quality classification. The input and output for the air dispersion modeling are included in Appendix C of this report. 6.4.4 Noise Significant noise levels can result from operation of the turbines and be emitted at various points. These points include the turbines, the exhaust gas, the air intake system, and the air- 76 Project# 1003316.013901 SY( * MWH ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment cooling system. The transformers in the switchyard can also generate significant noise levels. There is no background noise data for the site. The Generation Facility is expected to operate in a manner that adheres to the more stringent of EU or World Bank guidelines for noise emissions. When operated in combined cycle mode, the combustion turbines emit less noise than in simple cycle mode because of the silencing effect of the HRSG. A silencer for the HRSG stack is normally not necessary to meet the noise guidelines. The combustion turbines will be housed in an enclosure and the manufacturers information on such an arrangement is that the turbines will produce 85 decibel (A) (dB(A)) of noise. The dB(A) scale measures the sound intensity over the whole range of different audible frequencies (different pitches), and then it uses a weighing scheme which accounts for the fact that the human ear has a different sensitivity to each different sound frequency. Table 6.13 shows the relative noise levels generated by various sources of noise. TABLE 6.13 RELATIVE NOISE LEVELS Sound Level Threshold of Whisper Talking City Traffic Rock Concert Jet Engine 10 m Away Hearing dB(A) 0 | 30 60 | 90 | 120 | 150 The energy in sound waves (and thus the sound intensity) will drop with the square of the distance to the sound source. In other words, the sound level 200 m away from a noise source will generally be one quarter of what it is 100 m away. A doubling of the receptor distance will thus make the dB(A) level drop by six, assuming that sound reflection and absorption (if any) cancel one another out. Sound absorption and reflection (from soft or hard surfaces) may play a role on a particular site, and may modify this relationship. If there are two noise sources located at the same distance from the receptor the sound energy reaching the receptor will double. This means that two turbines will increase the sound level by 3 dB(A). One would actually need ten turbines placed at the same distance from the receptor to double the perceived sound level (i.e. the dB level has increased by 10). It is expected that the noise levels from the equipment planned for the Vlore project will meet the combustion turbine vendor guidelines of 85 dB(A). This level applies to enclosed turbines. This means that the combined noise level is 88 dB(A). There are no sensitive receptors within 100 m of the site; therefore, this is an acceptable level of noise impact. The EPC contractor will be expected to meet stringent limits on near field and far field noise impacts. For near field noise the noise levels at any location on the plant site, whether indoor or outdoor, shall be specified to be limited to 85 dB(A) through acoustic mitigation at a distance of 3 feet or further from any equipment and 5 feet above grade or any personnel platform at 1 meter. Any specific areas in which the Contractor can demonstrate that the 85 77 Project# 1003316.013901 e< C, \@ W ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRYAND ENERGY Final Environmental ImpactAssessment E _ dB(A) criteria will be either technically and/or economically prohibitive, or the area will experience very limited worker occupancy, the Contractor shall provide administrative control measures which include posting waming signs prescribing hearing protection. Within any enclosure intended to suppress noise, it will not be necessary to achieve the 85 dB(A) noise criteria. The Contractor's design shall, however, include reasonable measures to restrict noise. In no case shall the noise level exceed 115 dB(A) if operating staff is able to enter the enclosure with the plant in operation, unless the Contractor has previously demonstrated that it is not practicable (either technically or economically) to satisfy this criterion. Where it is possible that operating staff may enter the noise suppression buildings or enclosures for supervisory purposes or minor repair work with the plant operating, the access doors shall be clearly marked with a symbol designating a noise hazard and indicating that hearing protection is required. For far field noise, the A-weighted sound pressure level resulting from the operation of the facility at base load steady state conditions, exclusive of start up, shut down, and all other off- normal conditions, shall be designed to not exceed a maximum of 70 dB(A) at any point along the main road east of the site. The sound pressure levels shall be corrected to exclude the contribution of the background noise and any other noise not associated with the normal operation of the facility. 6.4.5 Marine Environment There are three significant areas of potential marine environment impact to consider during operation of the plant: * The potential for oil spills during oil delivery via ship/barge * The water intake structure entraining and impinging marine life * The thermal discharge of the once-through cooling system Oil Spills The potential for oil spills during oil delivery can occur through the shipping, unloading, and transfer of the fuel to onsite storage. Unloading operations may result in limited oil spillage to the sea during unloading by employing BMPs. These releases can be minimized through operational procedures. A floating oil boom should be used to contain spillage during ship unloading and disconnection procedures. In addition, there is also a potential for failure of the transfer pipeline or the mooring buoy. This potential can be minimized through frequent inspection and maintenance of those facilities. Water Intake Water intake from the Bay of Vlore for the once-through cooling system may affect a localized zone of the marine ecosystem where the intake structure is located. The primary impacts of concern are impingement of marine life on the intake screens and entrainment of marine 78 Project# 1003316.013901 C, '(0.21 m2) = 0.46 m 0.46 mx50 =23 m Therefore, for the purposes of this analysis, a rectangular mixing zone 23 meters in length is utilized to determine compliance with thermal water quality regulations. The mixing zone width will be determined by the plume half width dimensions provided in the CORMIX output file. The increase in temperature at the edge of the regulatory mixing zone is 0.87 oC. The CORMIX results determined that during worst-case conditions, and the temperature increase at the edge of the mixing zone is within the liquid discharge limit of less than or equal to 3 oC. It is unlikely that the thermal impacts of the cooling water discharge will be greater than the modeled results given the conservative nature (over predicting impacts) of the modeling, however, if the impacts are found to be greater than predicted after operation of the facility begins, modifications to the diffuser can be made to enhance diffusion of the thermal plume. The contractor building the facility to confirm these results based on the final design should do final thermal impact modeling. The model results indicate that there will be no adverse impacts to the Bay of Vlore or the Narta Lagoon from the thermal discharge. Chemical Discharge in Cooling Water Chemical discharge in the plant cooling water is expected to be negligible. The only chemical that will be directly added to the cooling system is sodium hypochlorite, which is added to prevent biofouling of cooling system components. Other than the hypochlorite addition, cooling water will simply be pumped from the sea, circulated once through the plant and discharged back to the sea. Chlorine concentrations in the process water will be maintained at or below 0.2 mg/l to minimize the effect of chlorine at the cooling water discharge point. The onsite membrane desalination system, demineralization system, and associated neutralization system will provide a brine concentrating effect for a very small portion of the total discharge flow. The World Bank discharge standard for residual chlorine is 0.2 mg/I. There are no EU or Albanian standards for such a discharge. There will be no adverse impacts on the Bay of Vlore or the Narta Lagoon from the chemical discharge from the plant. 85 Project# 1003316.013901 ¢.se6 N t2 _. . R 4 at1$3 . ... . 5#3W%i&\l1.eQ.tttQ-.<\t)Ut\.3l ,- < A AC>~ . _.A-ASr e, A r Ao j 2 2u ¢ k -L- g_ //_ ALAA 4~~____~k?~mae1 C/ ,.. 1/ _ _ _ _ __........j.a. _ ..siQ^\t clCt MWH CONSULTING KONSULTIMI I DYTE ME PUBLIKUN PER TEC-IN E VLORES VLORE, 2 PRILL 2003 LISTA E PJESEMARRESVE NR. EMER MBIEMER Adresa Firma /, 8 , 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __- __________ _______I_ _________ ________ RM k IR 1A IkIM*lF1 ALC ' A N.FE S .- . - . - itL /7aYcLo 6XMt .|jr ALd tie/1f/s7 Y A V e7/, d1c g . - /4c2 ______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __,v $ _ _ §_ ______________________________ _ I? DL' /$(e (A A .o r L A- f _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ e zIujL~ _ _ L _ _~ )A .flI~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ i I i i i i i Ii I i I i MWH CONSULTING KONSULTIMI I DYTE ME PUBLIKUN PER TEC-IN E VLORES VLORE, 2 PRILL 2003 LISTA E PJESEMARRE SVE NR. EMER MBIEMER Adresa Fir ,,;F ~~~~4/ 1 4 9 -7o @v ___ A~L~CVWL Vx ke1'L 'KkN4\- >J4~ >K y-~ \1 .~ I 1 , N U + ' tV II2j~~Y &&es) k> >' t tvIDy 9Wi>( --- - ------ I m§) MWH Ministry of Industry & Energy Vlore Electric Generation Facility Environmental Impact Assessment Second Public Consultation Meeting Vlore, Albania April 2, 2003 Ii I I I i t i 34 MWH rAryd Idy&~F Agenda * Introduction - Purpose of Meeting - Environmental Impact Assessment Process * Project Description * Environmental Impacts * Environmental Management Plan * Discussion II i , MW H lt\IiydIrd Ay&r Introduction - Purpose of I Meeting To consult with groups affected by the proposed power generation facility at the onset of the Environmental Impact Assessment process. I i i i Introduction - Environmental Impact Assessment Process * Category A Project * Assess the Environmental Aspects of the Project - Baseline Conditions - Impacts During Construction - Impacts During Operation * Environmental Management Plan i i i I , M W '. l\ Iiu iiX Project Description * Nominal 100 MW Combined Cycle Electric Generation Facility * Distillate Oil-Fired * Delivered Via Existing Offshore Oil Tanker Terminal * Stored On-Site in 4,900 m3 Oil Storage Tank * Water Usage - Once Through Cooling Utilizing Sea Water - Water Intake - Water Discharge i i I I , MWH r'Adrd rddyz; Site Location 6 Hectare Greenfield Site e ~ lec[ar6s ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~/ ; . j , t - i Z ~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~/ _ ---- , i|! t ' R 04. ~~~ ~ ~~~/ i H ..X./ / / Sie FA. ..... -*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I ,~ ';\' t ,k.W'gi v k..' I iI I i f i * MWH iyd&9) Baseline Environmental Conditions i*Air * Water * Land , MWH Mdy diyd0 Environmental Impacts * During Construction - Air, Water, Land * During Operation - Air, Water, Land II O MIWIH NMd 1'! Environmental Management Plan * Adverse Impact Mitigation * Environmental Monitoring * Capacity Development & Training MWH IydIdY Discussion --- -.. --- -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -E--Z.. ____ ___ I - .<-j ' VI1! Ylore Electric Generation Facuity i1^'1 g V>.. ,,. ___r' Second Public Consultation 4 Vlore, Albania 4 April 2, 2003 AC i I I f i I i i i I i I MONTGOMERY WATSON HARZA t]J~ C) IJ iJ Overview of MWH MWH's Scope of Work Findings Project Highlights Future Steps i i I i i D MwA I -- ____ MON GOM ERY WA ,-SON HARZA MWH is among the largest and most experienced firms operating in the global markets for energy, water, wastewater, and environmental services We provide services in engineering, design, construction, technology, business consulting and enterprise solutions i I i i i Ii i _ _ i .- --- _ _ _ _ _ _ MWH N MONTGO&TRY WATSON HARZA MWH translates knowledge and experience into strategies, and actions that deliver successful results by putting Clients' needs first The company is international in reach, multicultural in staffing and structure, employee-owned, and operates from offices around the globe ii I i I i MONl-GOMERY LVATSON HARZA Q V f.Lr\\ yJ fj jYj I R # j Headquartered in Denver, with 150 offices in more than 50 t 8,1S, ;':;gw ,-.4, , countries around the world W-- X Over 6,000 employees -9 +t-<+gr t 0 B Morethan 7,000clientsand _ [t--v.4o t tf - > 25,000 projects worldwide ________ . ! F Designed over 150 generation N - - ! - t[ P s facilities throughout the World representing over 60,000 MW of Chicago Office installed capacity Chicago Office i i i i i i i I MONTGOiv ERY WATSON HARZA Ministry of Ministry of Meeting Albania's energy needs Environment Industry and requires an integrated project \ Energy team, which has been assembled for the Viore Electric Generation NAE KESH Fclt The Li~~~~~~ The strong support and The Word ~commitment of the Minister of Bank MWH Industry and Energy and many other Albanian organizations has EBRD EIB enabled the Project to be a huge success thus far I i I I i i i i1 i MONTGOMERY WATSON HARZA MWH has been working closely with the Project Team to accomplish the following: Determining the best site, technology, and fuel for a new base load thermal generation facility in Albania Preparing the technical specifications and tender documents for the facility Performing an environmental impact assessment that follows World Bank and European requirements I Ii i I i i i i i I I I 14 MONTGOMERY 'ATSON HARZA 12- j I1]5 j !; 2 Evaluated seven potential sites (Durres, Elbasan, Korge, Fier, Shengjin, Vlore Site A, Vlore Site B) based on a number of development criteria The Vlore B site had the lowest levelized generation cost of power compared to other sites Combined cycle technology was determined to be the most cost effective option for a new base load generation facility i I i I * WIH MONTGOM ERY WVAATSON HARZA A distillate-oil fired combined cycle generation facility at the Vlore B site was found to be technically, environmentally, and financially feasible The Vlore B site was selected as the best overall site for the installation of a new base load thermal generation facility I I i I i i MONTGQOIlEWY LVATSON HAlRZA r_ 1] t]C1]tJ It is anticipated that the proposed generation facility will also provide an economic boost to the region through job creation during construction and plant operation I i i I i MWH @< MIONTGOMERY WATSON HARZA IF r ,j ' e-~ FJ~ g G r-] j tg, . Fuel Type: Distillate Oil Water Source: Adriatic Sea Proposed Transmission Interconnection Point: Babica 220/110 kV Substation JIM Capacity Size: 80 - 1 10 MW with Possible Expansion to 300 MW Estimated Cost: $80 - $100 Million Typical Combined Cycle Generation Facility i MONTGOMERY l'VATSON HARZA Six hectare greenfield site located two kilometers northwest of Vlore d ' hectarbs ' 'N. < _ql_ w f/ --I ' 21- * k~~~~~~~~~~i' N 0 - / N tvMONTGOMERY WVATSON HARZA Prepare tender documents to send out to potential engineer-procure-construct (EPC) bidders Prepare an environmental impact assessment i I ii MONT GO&EnRYV'A i-SON H-HtA MWH will work closely with the Ministry of Industry and Energy and the Ministry of the Environment to complete an environmental impact assessment that meets World Bank and European standards The environmental impact assessment will include: Baseline environmental conditions Environmental impacts during construction and operation Environmental management plan I i I , MWH Ministry of Industry & Energy Vlore Electric Generation Facility Environmental Impact Assessment Third Public Consultation Meeting Vlore, Albania September 3, 2003 i i i i , M WH -t/iky Irdy&Z, Agenda * Introduction - Purpose of Meeting - Environmental Impact Assessment Process * Project Description * Environmental Impacts * Environmental Management Plan * Discussion i i M WH hatixyds Iriryd Introduction - Purpose of To consult with groups affected by the proposed power generation facility during the Environmental Impact Assessment process. l ,) MWH k\iryd IrdAyMA Introduction - Environmental Impact Assessment Process * Category A Project * Assess the Environmental Aspects of the Project - Baseline Conditions - Impacts During Construction - Impacts During Operation * Environmental Management Plan I I i i i ,) M WH Mixy IdA&dI Project Description * Nominal 100 MW Combined Cycle Electric Generation Facility * Distillate Oil-Fired * Delivered Via Existing Offshore Oil Tanker Terminal * Stored On-Site in 4,900 m3 Oil Storage Tank * Water Usage - Once Through Cooling Utilizing Sea Water - Water Intake - Water Discharge i I i II , MWH L4dry rAy1 Site Location 6 Hectare Greenfield Site I;: ~~~~~~~ '-'. /_.F , > 6 @ [s _. , } I . , - ,.' " ''/ '.; i i t i i i , MWH h^-kyd Idy6IeZ Baseline Environmental Conditions * Air * Water * Land i i i I 4 9 I' U (I) r- v C) coo 0{ 4- _ ) L. L. O 5:~~~ a) a) a) 0 4--i ~4-aj E Cu co *l *- ,) MWH r1i\ydIry6&7 Air Quality Impacts * Impacts meet World Bank and EU Sta nda rds. * Emissions Assessed Include: - Carbon Monoxide (CO) - Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) - Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) - Particulate Matter or Dust (PM10) i i i i II i i i I , MWH Md Air Emission Standards Thermal Generation Facility Emission Standard Pollutant Estimated Viore Plant World Bank European Union Emissions PM1o 50 mg/Nm3 50 mg/Nm3 (dry @ 3% 02) 14 mg/Nm3 NOx 165 mg/Nm3 (dry @ 15% 02) 450 mg/Nm3 (dry @ 3% 02) 97 mg/Nm3 S02 T20020 TD/N M 1,700 mg/Nm3 (dry 3% 02) 0.0048 TPD/MW SO2 ~2,000 mg/NM3(r@%021,03 (dry (r 3% 02) 57.4 mg/NM3 i i i i j i I iI ,) M WVH l\Ahyd IrdiYd Air Emission Impacts * NOxAnnual Standard * World Bank 100 pg/m3 * EU 40 ,g/m3 * EU 30 p.g/m33(protect vegetation) * Modeled NOx Annual Impact * 3.1 1Lg/m3 -- ---- ... , MWH NyddY Air Emission Impacts d PM10 Annual Standard * World Bank 50 4m3 * EU 40 jm3 * Modeled PM10 Annual Impact . 0.3 m3 i *) M WH ft Ii\ry IrdAy~A Air Emission Impacts * SO2 1-Hour Standard * EU 350 4m3(protect ecosystems) * Modeled SO2 1-Hour Impact * 53.4 jm3 ,) M WH ;aiic Irhy&1 Thermal Discharge to Bay of Vlore * World Bank Standard * Less than 30C Temperature Rise Modeled Thermal Impact * 0.84°C i i I i i I i i , MW:. ftdryli& Environmental Management Plan * Adverse impact Mitigation * Environmental Monitoring * Capacity Development & Training I i i U I I i REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY AND ENERGY NATIONAL SCIENlFIFIC CENTRE OF HYDROCARBURES FIER The Authors Dr. MUSKA Kristaq Dr. LULA Fotaq Ing. SINA Majlinda REPORT ON GEOLOGICAL-ENGINEERING OBSERVATIONS OF TRIDPORT- VLORA REGION, WHERE IS FORESEEN TO BE ERECTED THIE TEC IS APPROBATED BY Fier, 2002-2003 I i I 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Page Kaj. Geological-engineering consmtuction I.1. Geological constuction I.1.A Strategraphy I.2. Geological-Engineering data I.3. Seismic indicators I.4. Hydro-geological indicators " II. Conclusions Literature TABLE MATERIAL 1. Physical-mechanical characteristics of samples. Table No 1 Page 2. Measuring indicators on terrin. Table No 2 I 3. Laboratory analysis of water samples. Table No 3 GRAPHYCAL MATERIAL 1. Constuction Plaimetry of TEC. Fig. No 1 Page 2. Geological Map of Region Vlora-Narta. Fig. No 2 " 3. GeologCical Profile A-A, BCC. Region Vlora-Narta. Fig. No3 " 4. Geological Profile B-B. Region Vlora-Narta Fig. No 4 5. Geological Profile D-D. Region Vlora-Narta. Fig. No 5 ! I 3 INTRODUCTION Ministry of industry and Energy, in the franework of the necessity for TEC construction, on October 2002 sent a group of heads and specialists from the isitutions KESH, AEK, SHGJSH and QKSHH for inspecting and determining the TEC construction place (in the region near Triport, Vlora), where was fixed the possible place on this problemn Upon Ministry instruction, QKSHH of Fier has got the task of performance for the geology-engineering and hydrography of this object, erecting a working-body. The working-body for the task performing orgaised the getting of samples on prelminfary geology-engineering studies, executing superficial working for hole opening by the help of scraper and diffused uniformly on the determined surface. By holes opening were provided the samples according to the litologic type on the detenrning of physical-mechanical features and were observed and furnished the samples for the level and chemical analysis of waters. The worlcings on the ground were realised on 29.10. 2002 and their laboratory analyses conchlded on 06.11.2002, chemical analyses of waters and physical-mechanical ones concluded on 08.11.2002. By the profited dates are preliinaily determined the geological-engineering and hydra-chemical conditions of the chosen polygon for TEC constructing. I Ii 4 CHAPTER I - GEOLOGICAL - ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION The study region is inchlded on the Ionic tectonic zone, mainly on anticline zone of Cika and on the south part of Near-Adriatic lowland. 11.1. Geological construcdon The depositing, which participate on geological construction of region belong to the complex of terigene rocks. I1.1.A Stratigraphy The depositories of neogenic system cover the surface of study region and are represented by those of Serravalian-, Tortonian-, Messinian-, Pliocen- and Kuatemar store (lit. 1, 2). Seravalian N2'1 This surface is spread on the hills of Zvemec village. The depositing of this store are represented by the sandy thick and massive layers, interlaced by alevrolite ones. On higher follow depositories, represented by interlacing of middle and thin sandy layers with clay, alevrolite and some calcareous litotamnic layers. On the highest part predominates clayey-alevrolite section. Tortonian - N3tl Is spread on the east back of Zvernec hills. The Tortonian depositories are represented by interlacing of avrolite clay with sandy layers, cemented a little. Also are met layers and lentils of lens with thickness of centimetres. Mesiniani - N31 It is met on the surface in Kanina-Babica regions and eastwards of Narta. In Kanina begins with a conglomerate horizons with a thick of 1.0 m and afterwards with massive sandy with concretions. Going up on section, the sandy materials become with a thin layer and the section is transformed into a clayey-alevrolite layer interlaced with calcified sandy litotamnic one till 1 m thickness. On the upper part, the predominating section is composed of clayey and alevrolite interlacing, in the middle of which are set some gyps levels with thickness that varies from 5-10 m till 40 m, where more are met clay and some sandy friable layers. 5 Pliocen - N2 These depositions have a great diffusion on the east part of region. On the north part they are successively placed, while on the south of region transversally over Messinianin According to the litologic composition these depositions are grouped into two suits: * Helmes suit * Rrogozhina suit Helmes suit - Nn2 It has a great superficial diffsion (Fig 2). On the South is placed transversally over the oldest depositories and represented from the bottoms part with conglomerated sandy materials, sandy and clays that passes afterwards into the newest section, in general the depositing of massive clays interlaced with scarce massive sandy materials. In some places the sandy materials are more frequent.. Rrogozhina suit - NR2 It follows normally over Helmes suit and begins with massive sandy rocks, that in extension pass through conglomerated sandy material and conglomerates. The section generally is represented from sandy interlaced with conglomerate and rarely with clay. The sandy materials are often met in the bottom part (Fig. 2) Kuaternar - Q These depositories occupy a great surface in the region, based on study (lit. 1), they are created on maritime conditions. Pleistocen - Qi Are diffised only the depositing of uper Pleistocen, which are also placed on the region; where are going to be constructed the oil deposits and those of Halocen. Upper Pleistocen -Q2 They have a wide diffusion mainly on Akernia region and during the east belt of Narta swamp. These sediments have also been met from drillings made for purpose of cartography, drink water, etc. The section near the land surface 1-2 till 3 m is represented from clay and thin clay (suclay) of vegetal dark grey to a certain extent compact attaining unsteady thickness, that on the region of the construction of oil by-product goes till 15 cm and down are followed by dark grey clay sediments, with sandy grilles spread in strtification view i i I 6 and chaotically into pieces and shells of bivalves with a sporadic diffusion. These sedinents attain the thickness tiI 40 - 50 cm. The section near the land surface goes on down-ward with interlacing of dark grey - azure clays, with a plastic dampness, climbing with a shovel. Clays are altemated with lentils from accumulation of macro-fauna of bivalve classes shells with a thickness 3-5 cm, while clayey altemations reaches till 10 cm. In some cases, the hole 3, 4 (Fig 2, 3) at the end is appeared only the clayey section with any rare lentils of shell accumulations. According to the drilled walls (K-4, P-107) under the clayey section till to Kuarternar floor follows a sandy section with conglomerate lentils (sea Fig. 4) Halocen - Q2 They find diffusion on the west-east part and on the west edge of the region. Bottom Holocen - Q2 Has only superficial diffusion on the regions of Ala village. The bottom limit is stratified with interpretation according to the material presented in lit. F. Lula, etc., 2001. Expelling 1-2-3 m from the upper momentum alluvions of the Vjosa River, the section is presented from light grey alevrolite-clay with beige nuances till dark green and in some places azure. Between them are encountered sandy accumulation and macro- fauna shells; which gave the section a stratified construction. Upper Halocen Q2 2 Are placed everywhere upon incompatibility and are represented by depositories of coastal sandy materials, alluvions and alluvial-dehvial prolluvions. Depositories of coastal sandy -Q2 2 (Rd) Are diffused on the west part extending quasi parallel to the hillock line, creating sea beaches in the forn of a belt with width varying the extension on the inside of the earth from 500-1000 m til 3000 m. These depositing create the contemporary beaches and the parts of risen dums. Alluvial depositories - Q2 2 (al) On the region they are encountered only on the west-east extremity, created from the emergencies of Seman river. They are represented by thin clay with plant roots creating vegetal lands (lit. ). i I i I i I I i i 7 Alluvial-delluvial and prolluvial depositories - Q2 2(del-al) Are diffused on the east part of the region and occupy the parts near the hillsides on the east side of the field and also in the small torrents, which traverse these hills. They at the start are represented from disjoined pieces of rooted rocks created as a result of atmospheric agent activity. These pieces during transportation and cutting up till in further crumbling are accumulated in mixture between them with the thinnest material of thin clay and thin sand and are accumuated into the hillsides and farther on the side of torrents creating delluvions and prolluvions with a little thickness 4 -5 m. L 2. Geological - Engineering data The studied region for the constucting of the TEC inchldes a surface of 30 ha, which was submitted prelimary geological - engineermg studies by analysing 12 samples with undistorted structure, taken from 11 holes drilled with a depth from 2.0 m till maximum3.4 and that constitute a general length of 27.10 m within the polygon, where has been judged to erecting the TEC. Litologic construction of each hole and samnple taken, is represented in figures, where is reflected the documentation of a hole face, giving the depth opening with the position of sample choosing for laboratory analysis of physical and mechanical features. The study surface is composed by rocks, which in geo-technique belong the soil groups without cohesion. The data of physical-mechanical features for each sample are given on the table Nr.1. Based on laboratory analysis of the taken samples from a thickness 3,4 m, preliminarily is arived on this conclusions: * The cutting till in the opened depth is represented by thin-grain till little- grain sandy, namnely in beige-yellow colour. In different depth, in some places the sand material is mixed with pieces of macro-fauna shells and levels with thin clays, which have limited diffusions, because they are not encountered in neighbour holes opened within the study surface. * The permitted resistance has been calculated for each sample on the chosen depth and indicates that in sandy materials it budges within the linits 1.1-1.4 kg/cm2, while in samples with thin clay attains in limits 0.8 and 1.1 kg/cm2. * The sediments are created namely on maritime - and maritime-swampy conditions and contain mineral salts, which may be dissolved and lead in changing of their physical-mechanical features. Therefore the construction workings on this territory has to take into consideration the structure soil preservation or its change before the constructing. * The dampness in these rocks attains values from 4.77% till 75.6%, on the great part prevails 25-30%. * The rocks have a porous coefficient from 0.42 till 0.66, where prevails 0.43. i I I i I i i 8 1.3. Seismic indicators Based on seismic streak of the country, Vlora region, where is also included the TEC to be constucted, geologically is inchled near the cross-way of two seismic-tectonic lineaments, which are active during the neotectonic phase. It's a historical fact that Vlora and its vilages are included by strong earthquakes with shaking intensity VII-VIII and IX of the Richter-scale. Seismic and geological dates sustain the inclusion of Vlora region with its peripheries in the region, where are waited earthquake shakings with intensity IX of the Richter- scale. During the study of the technical project has to be dedicated importance the process of the sandy liquefaction on the base of the seismic intensity and granulated constitution of the sandy materials on the region. Also during the working for groundwork opening has to be taken into consideration the suffusion process. 1.4. Hydro-geological indicators In the opened holes was observed the start depth of the water flowing, which resulted from 1.0 till 2.30 m from the land surface and were taken 7 water samples, which were analysed in laboratory. From the field analyses (Table Nr.2) were performed tempeature measuring, which result from 15,60C till 19,50C; pH 6,5-7; TDS 88,4-1169 ppm. Was also measured the water level from the surface, which was 0.17 - 2.0 m. On four holes has not resulted water flowing. According to the laboratory analysis (Table Nr.3) are determined cations Na+ + K+ 215,2-4487,6 mg/I., Ca42 36-144 mg/l, Mge2 4,8-696 mg/I. The cations sum 256- 8687,6 mg/I. Anions CI 34.08-2334.4 mg/L SO-'4 38.4-844.8 mg/I., CO 23 24-48 mg/l; HCO3 - 146.4-536.8 mg/I. The anions sum 471-3471.6 mg/I. The general hardness 1.2-13.2 mg.ek/1; pH 6.5-8.5. The water is without colour and odour, three samples were salted (the holes 2, 5, 7). The general mineralization 0.712 grfl - 23707 grAL The chemical nature of water for the samples 2, 3, 10 is S04 - Na (Natrium-Sulphate), for the samples 1, 7, 12 - HC03-Na (Natrium-Bicarbonate), for the sample 6 6 - Cl-Mg (Magnesium-Chlorine). On the base of the above-mentioned analysis is concluded that the holes 1 and 10 are with water without salt. The others are with salt water. The static level of water is the same with that of the sea level. i i 9 THE TABLE OF PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL FEATURES OF TIlE SAMPLES FOR TPP OF VLORA Table no. 1 Kind of A n a I y s i s No Analysis Spec. Vol. Vol. Natural Porou- Porou- Permi- Granulated constitution and plasticity Sample No weight Weight Weight damp- sitet sitet ssible gr/cm3 cm3/gr carcass ness indica- Resi- 5 tors stance ____________ g/cm3 n e kg/cm2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 I. Sample-1/1 2.62 1.95 1.49 24.21 0.46 0.85 1.1 sandy fraction (0.05-2mm) 89.3% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 9.4% clayey fraction (<0.002) 1.3% 2. Sample-1/2 2.69 1.81 1.4 24.85 0.43 0.75 1.4 sandy fraction (0.05-0.002) 86.7% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 10.9% clayey fraction (<0.003) 2.4% 3. Sample-1/3 2.61 1.84 1.51 25.36 0.42 0.72 1.3 sandy fraction (0.05-2mm) 85.3% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 11.4% clayey fraction (<0.002) 3.3% 4. Sample-2/1 2.69 1.90 1.51 25.66 0.43 0.75 1.3 sandy fraction (0.05-2mm) 84.6% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 11.8% clayey fraction (<0.002) 3.6% 5. Sample-3/1 2.61 1.6 0.87 5.36 0.42 0.72 1.2 sandy fraction (0.05-2mm) 80.3% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 15.4% _ clayey fraction (<0.002) 4.3% 6. SarMle-3/2 2.6 1.72 1.15 49.15 0.565 1.2 1.0 upper plastic. limit Wr--54.77% i i i i i I i I 10 bottom plastic. limit Wp=30.98% _____ _____ _____ _____ plasticnumber Ip= 13.79% 7. Sample-4/1 2.7 1.52 1.45 4.98 0.41 0.69 1.2 sandy fraction (0.05-2mm) 82.3% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 13.7% clayey fraction (<0.002) 4.0% 8. Sample-4/2 2.69 1.54 0.89 71.26 0.66 1.9 0.9 upper plastic. limit Wr= 75.14% bottom plastic. limit Wp= 28.52% plastic number Ip = 46.62% 9. Sample-5/1 2.67 1.59 1.52 4.77 0.43 0.75 i.2 sandy fraction (0.05-2mm) 87.3% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 10.7% clayey fraction (<0.002) 2.0% 10. Sample-6/1 2.61 1.91 1.51 25.8 0.41 0.69 1.3 sandy fraction (0.05-2mm) 81.3% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 15.5% clayey fraction (<0.002) 3.2% 11. Sample-7/1 2.56 1.82 1.41 28.93 0.44 0.74 1.2 sandy fraction (0.05-2mm) 85.4% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 11.7% clayey fraction (<0.002) 2.9% 12. Sample-9/1 2.61 1.88 1.50 75.6 0.42 0.72 1.4 sandy fraction (0.05-2mm) 88.2% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 9.6% clayey fraction (<0.002) 2.2% 13. Sample-9/2 2.71 1.54 1.49 30.21 0.45 0.82 1.1 upper plastic. limit Wr= 39.55% bottom plastic. limit Wp= 15.32% plastic nunber Ip = 24.13% 14. Sample-10 2.65 1.86 1.47 26.71 0.44 0.79 1.1 sandy fraction (0.05-2mm) 81.3% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 15.6% clayey fraction (<0.002) 3.1% 15. Sample-l /1 2.71 1.91 1.49 28.13 0.45 0.81 1.1 sandy fraction (0.05-2mm) 85.5% dusty fraction (0.05-0.002) 13.1 % t I i i I i i i claey fraction (<0.002) 1.4% 16. Sample-12/2 2.39 1.5 0.86 75.6 0.63 1.7 0.8 upper plastic. limit Wr= 85.12% bottom plastic. limit Wp= 36.71% plastic number Ip = 48.4 1% Hole No. 1 (Depth 2.0 m) Vertical scale 1: 25 Litologic Litologic Sample Depth Thickness Litologic description Water Water Date Index colon number m m flowing level V. sc. 1 :25 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ ...........~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ........... Beach sand ........... grains in grey colour, friable, ........... with humidity till in depth ........... 0.4 m and the shrubs with ........... k 1/1 roots ........... The water flowing in depth ........... 1.0 ........... ........... ........... ........... 0.90 2Rd ...........00 1.00 12 30. 10. 2002 Sand, grains in dump grey colour, half fiiable with ........... ....... humidity till in glutting with .. k 1/2 water ........... 1.80 0.80 0 0 0 0 0 o 2.00 0.20 Sand with grains in greyish . 0 k 1/3 colour, satiated with water, . . . . . with macro-fiuna pieces Hole No 2 (Depth 2.10 m) Vertical scale 1: 25 Litologic Litologic Sample Depth Thickness Litologic description Water Water Date Index colon number m m flowing level ______ ______ v. sc 1 :2 5__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ Beach sand grains in grey in beige _______ ____colour, with humidity till in i I I 1I i 13 ........... ....... depth 0.4 m and the shrubs with roots Q23Rd ........... 30.10.2002 ........... . ... . 1.00 1.00 ........... ........... .......... ............ Sand with grains in grey in beige colour, in some places ........... dark grey, a little ........... compressed and satiated ........... with water. ........... The water flowing in depth ........... 1.3 m. ........... ........... k 2/1 2.10 1.10 Hole No. 3 (Depth 2.8 m) Vertical scale 1: 25 Geological Litologic Sample Depth Thickness Litologic description Water Water Date age colon number m m flowing level (Index) V. Sc. 1:25 No. 3 (Depth 2.8_m) _Vertieal_seale_1:_2 0.10 0.10 Sand with rush roots ------ 14 Sand with thin grains, colour beige in yellow, friable and with humidity till in 0.4 m depth, with rush roots. In some places are observed nuances in grey - beige colour. 21Rd l . * |K-3/1 1.40 1.30 30.10.2002 Sand with thin grains, colour grey in beige and yellow, on the average compressed and satiated with water. 2.00 2.30 1.00 2.30 2.36 Plastic suclay mixtures, soft with organic decomposed turf residues, in dark green ._________ ___________ _________ ________ _________ colour, sands with dark thin I i i i i i i I I 16 k5/51 3.00 2.90 Hole NO. 4 (Depth 3.4 m) Vertical scale 1: 25 Litologic Litologic Sample Depth Thickness Litologic description Water Water Date Index colon number m m flowing level v. sc. 1:25 _ . \V. \. \. 0.10 0.10 Sand, grains with fbliage and \. \. \ tree rots V.\. \.\. V .\ .\.\ .\. Sand, grains with colour grey in yellow, fiiable and with humidity. Forest wood roots achieve till in 1.2 m depth (mainly pine-woods) Q22Rd 17 . . k4/1 3.20 3.10 .4.4 .4. Sand, grains with shell .* .4* .4* . k 4/2 3.40 0.20 pieces of bivalves Hole NO. 6 (Depth 2.2 m) Vertical scale 1: 25 Litologic Litologic Sample Depth Thickness Litologic description Water Water Date Index colon number m m flowing level v. sc. 1:25 . . . . . . . 0.30 0.30 Sand, grains in grey-beige colour, with humidity on the . . . . . . . surface . . . . . . . Sand, grains in grey colour with humidity. Till in the depth 1.00 are observed . . . . . . . sand belts in black colour -___-__-__- -___________ - _________ ______-__ ___________ with a thickness till I cm , I _0.97 30.10.2002 I I i i i i i I 18 Q2ARd which are wedged. The 1.10 . . . . . . . thicker belts are at the begining of this interval and downer they are rarefied. The flowing water begins in the depth 1.1 m. .6. .6 . Are distinguished macro- .6 .6 fun pieces distnbuted in irregular forms. Sands are .6* .6* .6* . half fiiable and with humnidity. k 6/4 2.20 1.90 .~.6.6 .6.. Hole no. 7 (Depth 2.0 m) Vertical scale 1: 20 Litologic Litologic Sample Depth Thickness Litologic description Water Water Date Index colon number m m flowing level v. sc. 1:25 .V.'. \V\. \ 0.15 0.15 Sand, grains in beige colour * \. .'V with foliage and shrub roots V~~ V__ ..\\A A..' . . . . . ~~~~~~~~~~Sand, grains in colour grey in beige with yellow nuances and humidity. The flowing water in the depth 1.2 me --- ---- 19 30.10.2000 Q22Rd 1.08 1.20 1.05 1.20 Sand, grains in colour grey in beige, in some places light K\ K\ K K Kbeige, with macro-faun KR K.\ K\ K\ K\ pieces, satiated with water .a i\ . \ * .*.and half compressed. At the * .6 .6 beging black sand belts, .6.6 .6 under which is distinguished 6 .6 an inclined belt. . .6 . * * *@ |k7/1 | 2.00 | 0.80 |_ l_ll Hole No. 9 (Depth 2.8 m) Vertical scale 1 : 20 Litologic Litologic | Sample Depth J Thickness | Litologic description Water | Water | Date Index colon j number j m j m I Jflowing level 20 v._sc._1:25 X \ \.\. \ 0.10 0.10 Sand, grains with foliage and .V\. \.\. \. \ shrub roots | . . . .< \ * \; \ l | 6 Sand, grains in colour grey 5 . . . . . tin yellow, friable and with . . . . . humidity. A22Rd 30.10.2000 * . .~~ k9/1 .0. 2.00 1.90 **44§ @ k 912 2.10 0.10 Black turf suclay, half * strong. Sand, grains in colour beige in yellow, a little compressed. I i i i I 21 * .. . 2.80 0.70 Hole No. 10 (Depth 2.2 m) Vertical scale 1: 25 Litologic Litologic Sample Depth Thickness Litologic description Water Water Date Index colon number m m flowing level _ v. sc. 1:25 A .\. . .\ 0.10 0.10 Friable sand in beige colour. A .\. .\ .\ Sand, grains in colour grey \ A. .'\ .\ in yellow, half fiable and with humidity. . . . . . On the upper part with shrub roots. Q21Rd . . . The water flowing till in the 1.05 depth 1.3 m. 1.30 1.28 30.10.2000 1.70 1.60 Sand, grains with humidity in colour grey in beige and with nuances, in a half friable state. 22 k 10/1 2.20 0.50 Hole No. 11 (Depth 2.10 m) Vertical scale 1: 25 Litologic Litologic Sample Depth Thickness Litologic description Water Water Date Index colon number m m flowing level v. sc. 1:25 \ \ \ 0.10 0.10 Friable sand inbeige colour Sand, grains in colour grey in beige, friable and with humidity. 0.88 Flowing water in the depth 30.10.2000 Q22Rd . . . . 1.2 mn 1.20 I I i i i I 23 . . . k 11/1 2.10 2.00 Hole No. 12 (Depth 3.0 m) Vertical scale 1: 25 Litologic Litologic Sample Depth Thickness Litologic description Water Water Date Index colon number m m flowing level v. sc. 1:25 \ \. \.\. \ 0.05 0.05 Vegetal ground (land) with .\.\. \V. \ \ plant roots V.\ \.V. \ 0.20 0.15 Sand, grams with foliage and . \ . \ . \ . \ . shrub roots Sand in colour grey-beige in yellow. Towards depth with nuances dark grey, friable Q22Rd . . . and with humidity. Sand is 30.10.2002 with thin grains. Trees fbrest roots are encountered till in depth 1.5 I 24 M.. 4 i 4 4 Black turf clays in a half l> | ik 12/1 3.00 2.90 strong state with humidity ________ S _____________________ ______________ i ii i i i i ii I i I iI LAB. ANALYSES OF WATER SAMPLES Tebh Na 3 Table___ CHEMICAL COMPOSMON SanNIl Th-ng Anls Prwfanre CONTENT IN I LITER W#. W~. I__ _ _ _C n l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ kw,~~sai Due Hax Bgvm *w __ Na. K. - Ca2 Mr ~ Cabais&jm Cl- 4- _____ _____ _____ RI %rr v. "W "V. %.e_ . nv mrr iN __ _ _ ml -W, rmr --. -ev. . 3.wni-l210.2002 12:0 01.11.2002 08.11 2002 215.2 9.3 81.1 36 1.8 15.5 4.8 0.4 3.4 25 11.56 100 3.4.0 0.96 8.4 393.6 8.2 70.9 S 2 29.10.2002 12501.11.2002 06.11.2002 1888.1 79.7 85.9 64 3.2 3.4 a 1 10.7 2017.1 92.4 100 2334.4 65.7 7109 844.8 17.6 18.9 24 S 29.10.2002 16:3 01.11.202 06.t1 2002 305.4 13. 65.4 80 *_ 19. 3 _3 14.r 421.9 20.3 100 74.9 2.1 10.4 595.6 12.; 60.1 4 Swnp-aS 29.10.2002 1520 04.11.2002 06.11.2002 7847.6 341. 63 144 1: 2. 696 58 14.1 8687.t 411.2 100 1320.1 368.1 90 1728 A 8.7 . Sai-7 29.10.2002 14:55 04.11 .2002 06.1 1202 453.1 19. 80.4 24 1.2 4.8 43 3.6 14.8 520.3 24.5 100 402.1 11.3 46.2 38.4 0.8 3.2 48 tSar.-10 29.10.2002 15:5 04.11.2002 06.11.2002 156.4 6.8 56. 56 2.8 23. 28.8 2.4 20 241.2 12 100 99.4 2.8 23.3 249.6 5-. 43.4 7 sw -1 29.10.2002 16:05104.11.2002 06.11.2002 312.8 13.6 81.1 56 2. 16. 4.6 0.4 2.3 373. 16.8 100 56.8 1.6 9.6 3264 6.8 404 LAB. ANALYSES OF WATER SAMPLES rI = g _ A _r_ns __ _ Tl | Gen"si Chranccernsrs P1 P |nermlaion| Type Renaws CO -2(3 HCO3 Anions Sum |_ Sn Hardness Crajr I Taste Odar d | i | qv- | mu iN %4V. l1lmar | ml ____________ _ grA Water 14684 241 207 50w.88 11.56 100 7568 2.2WilthaA ,cdu, sea Inodur| 65 0.7561HCO3-Na | 08a 08 5388 88 94 3471.6 92.91 10 54887 13.2 Wtha cdair saned tnour 8e5 5488 S04-N 1 366 6 3951 943.5 20.3 100 1265.4 7|WlVi«A cdmf wwet lnedoLr| 7-5 1.26504-Na 341.6 S. 31 1549.6 411.2 100 2370721 70 WIth. daj seated ldrl? 65-7 23707 C _ 1.6 0.5 658.8 103 44.11 817.9 24.51 100 1338.2 4.8 lWaJ CdCr a Me sated Iflur I 8.5 1338 HCO3-NI 2941 33.3 471 12 100 712 513 VWl lcdour s| t __ 7 0712 504-Na 151241 8.4 50 63. 16.8 1001 1013 3 Yi6G du wa fOOt 7 1 C3 I i I I i MEASURING INDEXES IN TERRAIN Thb.No.2 O F begInng The 0oft. 29.10.2002 Daf_3 __020 Hole No. gap de or akng 8 mpl Rerws No. dee s of wa br o rock No. WWAU' le l Hhbr coln llgo sample T.D.8 bom On arhce _ lTd in rmd Hout Temp.Co pH Hotf Temp.Co PH no ml mrd i Ho NQo.1 2 1 k-1/4-0.50-0.00 1 05' lo 7 1140 ISO 6,5 551 0.54 0.31 k-1/2-1.40-1.50 1Zh., _ ~~~~~~~~~k-1/3-1.U)2.00 Hol No.2 2.1 1.3 k-2/1-2.00-2.10 2 1225 1a0 0,5 11 30 17,Gol 605 337 0684 008 3 Hole No.3 2.7 2.3 k-3/1-1.30-1.40 3 16 33' 15O 6,5 11 15' 17,4o 6,5 60 2,W 0,36 _______ Ho N.@ 22 .3k 01-.1-iZ 1 1 , 1 2' c 0,k-3/2-2.12.70 03uk p ul 1 e No.4 3.4 k-4/1-2.40-3.00 - - , , . .Nukk4 2-3.40 S ol No.5 3.2 k-511-2.W03.00 ______Nuk pal uje 6 oeNo.6 2.2 1.1 k-6/1-2. 1O-2.20 a T 2-i 170i 8. 12 05' 18o 7 88 0,176.0 Duhtit.t ketS hifkunc ig 1*5. aprrnw 7 HoleNo.7 2 1.2 k-7/1-l.W02.00 7 I 5W~ iDo 65 11 56' 18,2o 7 1184 0.48 6,58a______________ a Hole No.8 2.8 k-9/1-1.25-1.30- ________ ~~~~~~k-9/2-2.00-2.10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Nkpi j i HdolNo.g 2.2 1.31k-0Io1-2.10-2.20 101 15 57 19.50 6.5 12 20' 1780o -, -19 1-051 023 ______________ 10 Hole No.10 2.1 1.21k-1111-2.O0-2.10 Ill 16 051 19o 651 12__ __5_0_7__61 ,2 11HlIiole No.1I1 3 ik-1211-2.40-3.0 - 20 5,0 7 8866 ____ _______________ CONSTRUCTION PLANNIMETRY OF TPP Region TRIPORT-VLORE Q.N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' ~~~~~~ A~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~A Th prpoe surphace for the |A- -.- - iT(* ~~ _2 costucion of TPP | \ io2 [\ Ad#oKlN u*- * Opened holes for samuple taking , . :i ,,^,@ Bj^s1+\ §i' 1" FIi ---  -- - , ----- --- - --- GEOLOGICAL MAP OF REGION VLORA-NARTA Acording to geological surveying of the year 1978 (with authors corrections) Year 2003 M.-- Lfloogi Reparm Te toni estruction r o P Rs 2 i I i i i i I i f I GEOLOGICAL PROFIL REGION VLORA (NARTA) Scale Hf.V. 1:2500 AA P~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ C- cX C-S L -~~~~~~~~~~~~= 4N: | Sb' 1, FG_F n U~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ E3 S C8 _ . , Q LEEN e . .~~~~~~~~~1 .,2 ! V -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r Sand, A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Sca --Aa . ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rvl i i i i GEOLOGICAL PROFIL B-B (Acording seismic profil 14/20000) 2003 .. - . - , - ~ .A- . F- ' x- ................4.. S . . ...._ l LrW _ ' t '1 ', . ._ ^s . ' k - , :' ,, _ . ., s ;_;t *,,, _ _ st_, _ t_ =: " fi ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ '' ' ''Le low = A;;Zt't W ' f "-'. - ,. . ., ,:. .i : ' .............. s4=S99P$ L-- f}|la--. ~~~~~h'4iS. ¢v t Ft *-r~- 1,'-t .....,,' 4 g4 .J,dt r .+--_> --4'- ;M, ab Si~~~~~lg 4 - i 29 II. CONCLUSIONS * The chosen place is located in maritime depositing of Kuatemar, which belongs to the Upper Halocen, is made up of maritime sands with thin grmis. * The permitted loading is based only on the uppers stratum samples (level) of the land till in the depth 3.4 m. * The values of the permissible loading are given according to the levels of samples taking from the surface of the land, where T min is o.8 kg/cm2 and X maximum is 1.4 kg/cm2. * Based on seismic stripe, the territory is included in a region with intensity of earthquake IX of the scale Richter. * The waters have the same static level with the sea waters and generally are salt waters, in some occasions waters without salt. THE AUTHORS Dr. Kristaq Muska Dr. Fotaq Lula Ing. Mailinda Sina i i i i 30 UTILIZATED LITERATURA 1. Lula F. Project "Geological Study of Kuarternari depositing in Seman-Vlora Region", Fier 2001 Fejzullaj F. KOCI R SINA M. 2. Papa A. "Geological-geophysical GeneralisationofregionofDukat-Vlora-Aliban". Fier, 1976. Fiu I. Meco T. Koci N. etc. FINANCING INSTITUTION GEOLOGICA SURVEY OF ALBANIA GENERAL DIRECTORY Rruga e Kavajes, Nr. 153 Tirane - ALBANIA Tel: 00 355 4 222 578 00 355 4 229 441 Fax: 00 355 4 225 580 EXECUTIVE INSTITUTION CENTEROF CIVIL GEOLOGY Rruga: "Sanii Frasheri" Nr. 31 Tel; 00 355 4 222 259 Fax: 00 355 4 226 530 REPORT ON GEOTECHNICAL VALUATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION SITE OF T.E.C NEAR NEW PORT IN VLORA (GENERAL PROJECT -IDEA) Approved Authors Director Eng. Luljeta GJOVREKU Eng. XnDROJ Eng. Jani KERO Tirana,April 2003 i i i i i i i I i ii i I I I REPORT ON GEOTECHNICAL VALUATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION SITE FOR THE T.E.C. NEAR NEW PORT OF VLORA (GENERAL PROJECT - IDEA) INTRODUCTION This study is executed in the base of the official document No. 633 prot. dt. 10.3.2003 of the Ministry of Industry and Energitics, based on the request of the American Company "Harza" for this study. The request of this company is accompanied by the planimetry in scale 1 :1000 of the construction site of the object and the geotechnical drilling position. So, as requested in 25.03. - 15.04.2003 are executed four geotechnical drilling in a depth of 10 m, so in total we have 4 x 20 = 80 ml of drilling. The coordinates of those drillings are: Drilling No.1 X = 44 85 129 Drilling No.2 X = 44 85 117 Y = 43 67 350 Y=43 67 391 Z=+0,44m Z=+0,51 m Drilling No.3 X = 44 85 100 Drilling No.4 X =44 85 160 Y = 43 67 411 Y =43 67 440 Z+0, 62m Z+ 1.07m The drilling are performed by the Autosonde ZIF - 150. Tube diameter of drilling was 127 mm (supporting tubes) and 110 mm. Lithological section is represented by the deposits without cohesion (sands), so during the drilling were used always the tubes and the drilling is performed by a special type of carotte (called zhalonka). During fields works, in the documentation of samples, issued by drilling are determined: - Lithological type of the soils; - The colour; - The dimensions of grains; - The natutal moisture (little, average, great) - The content of peat poweder or pieces of see - weeds; - The cohesion (soils with cohesion and without cohesion) - The compression (little, average, great). Also for the studying of the compression state of sands in natural situation are performed 40 analyses with the standart penetrometer S.P.T. each 2 cm of lithological column. The principle of this method is the measure of blows number of he standart Model, that is inserted 30 cm deeply, blowed by a load 63.5 kg, rising the height 76.2 cm. Based on the blow's number is evaluated the compression of soils. During the drilling are taken some samples with a undestroyed structure for the deternination of the natural moisture and bulk density (20 samples for the analyses of the natural moisture and 20 samples for he analyses of bulk density). 2 Taking into account that those deposits are soils without cohesion (sands) the determination of natural moisture and the bulk density was made in terrain by a field laboratoty conditions. Also, for the evoluation of the compression degree of the sands which compose the lithological section were performed 2 samples for the relativ density of the sands (Dr). This parameter is expressed as follows: Dr= ema -e emax -e min where emax - sands porosity index in a vary soft state emin - sands porosity index in a very compressed state e - sands porosity index in natural state.. emax - was determined by the sand bulk density in wet state, crumbleing it and throwing the sand in free way emin - was determined by the compression of the sand in a cilinder till the maximal compression. e - was determined directly from the samples for the bulk density. In base of this index, the relative density, sansds are devided in base of the different states of compression. Relative density (Dr) Sands state O - 15 Very soft 15 - 35 Soft 35 - 65 Average compression 65 - 85 Compressed > 85__ Very compressed The evaluation of the compression with the S.P.T. is as follows: Sands state Number of blows in Relative density (Dr) 0.30 m of depth Very soft < 4 15 Soft 4 - 10 15 - 35 Average compression 10 - 30 35 - 65 compressed 30 - 50 65 - 85 Very compressed > 50 > 85 Field works for the S.P.T. were made from the drilling group leaded from Ing. Jani Kero. 3 i I i i i Also, the field analyses for: - Natural moisture - Wn- 20 prova. - Bulk density 20 prova. - Relative density of sands 2 prova. Were realized from the study group leaded from Ing. Jani Kero. For the determination of granulometric content, Attenberg limits and specific weight were taken 20 samples with undisturbed structure. Their analyses are made in Lab of the Physic - mechanics features of the soils in the Geological Survey of Albania from Ing. Luiza Konomi. Also, during the firlds works, were made the measurements of ground waters met and stabilized in 24 hours. Drilling predetermined in the planimetry at the scale 1:1000 form the American Company "Harza" were put in to the terrain by Top. Murat Rreshka. Graphic material (two geotechnical sections, four drilling column and the table of physical analyses) are made in the Geo Information and Publications Section, near Geological Survey of Albania. Tecnic consulation for that report is made from Ing. Luiza KONOMI, chief of the Lab. for physical - mechanical properties of the soils near Geological Survey of Albania. 4 i i POSITION, RELIEFAND GEOMORPHOLOGY The construction site of TEC is situated near the new Port of Vlora with a surface about 3.4 ha and it is almost flat with maximum quota 1.07 and the minimum one 0.40, so it has a difference about 0.60 m. To have an idea about the construcion site, let's say something about the relief anf geomorphological settings of the zone. The construction site is situated in the south part of the Adriatic depression. Along this depression, from the south to north lied several range of hills not so high that serve as watershed. This range of hills to the east is bounded with the valley of Shushica River, to the west with Narta Swamp, to the north with the valley of Vjosa River and to the south with Adriatic Sea. Vlora region itself, from the geomorphological point of view can be devided in two units: a- Hilly geomorphological unit; b- Field geomorphological unit. a - Hills geomorphological unit: It represent the hilly part of Vlora Region that begin from the south part of Vlora in "Uji i Ftohte" (Cold Water Supply) and it continues to the north west. From the "Uji i Ftohte" zone with a flat relief is passed in a processed hilly slope with a quota about 200 m above the sea level. Further on the relief increase immediately in a quota about 500m. This geomorphological unit is processed from the exogene processes like sea erosion and abrasion which have modified the relief, what is expressed in its morphostructure. As a conseguence of the sudden elevation of this site the denudation and erosion processes got a big developement. An important factor which has modified the western front of the hilly geomorphological unit has been the sea - lagoon abrasion. b - Field geomorphological unit: In this geomprphological unit is include our construction site. Getting start from tectonic evolution it comes out that this geomorphological unit (Vlora depression) is of e new age, formed immediately after general corrugation in the end of Pliocene and the beginning of Quatemary continuining its development nowadays. The character of those encounter deposits makes us to think that from the beginning this depression has been a lagoon with an irregular floor with pits and elevations succeeded from denudation process which has perhaps continued during Middle Quatemary. In the lagoon were deposited clays layers with thin granulated content smaller than 2 micron over 20 %. This factor shows good depositing conditions. Today, those deposits are met in depths more than 25 - 30m from the terrain, which shows that the lagoo became deeper gradually and periodically the sea overflowed on it and it enriched the lagoon with sandy fraction giving layers with sandy and susands content with about 20-30 m of depth. Neotectonical lowering movememts had made that the sea has occupied the lagoon and is streched out to the hills side. 5 l I That was associated with the deposition of the thick granulated content, which is expressed in silty sands, in beige to grey colour; silty thin sands in loe to average dusty thin sands, with grey - blue colour which are met in a depth of 20 m - 25 m. After this period, it begins the raising neotectonical movements. So the sea removed to the west direction creating tongues or barrieres which devide the sea from continent living a track like "Narta Swamp" till Skela. Due to the elevation of the continent a part of the swamp was dried (what is shown with the existence near the surface of clayely deposits in blue colour), and in several places were saved some detached poodles expressed with the presence of muddy deposits. 6 i Ii I i i i GEOLOGICAL SETTINGS In the studied rgion are met the deposits from Quaternary (Q) until Upper Cretaceous - Lower - Middle Eocene (Cr2 - Pg2- 2 ). Below we are giving a short geological description, beginning from the oldest deposits: - Upper Cretaceous deposits Cr2: Those deposits are met in Karaburuni penninsula, also they are met in the content of the structures of (ika and Dukati. The Upper Cretaceous is represented by the microcristalin limestones, dolomitic limestones and less clayed limestones. Their thickness is 0.4 - 1.5 m. on the surface the microcristaline limestones and the clayed limestones have a distinguished developed karst. In some cases they are porous. - Paleogene deposits Pg: Paleogene deposits are represented by the Lower - Middle Eocene and in their content are met pelitic, cristalline, organogene and clayed limestones. Between the limestones are met rare layers of merls, thickness is 150 - 400 m. - Upper Eocene Deposits (transitional pack)Pg23k: These deposits are situated above the Lower - Middle Eocene deposits, forrning a gradual transition from the limestones in terrigenous formations. The lower part of the pack in constucted by the marls alternated with layers of phosphorous limestones white colour with rose nuances. In the upper part the marls are predominated, also and marlous clays blu colour with red nuances with rare alternations of organogene limestones. The carbonatic clays are massive, grey colour, thickness 7 - 35 m. - Upper Eocene Deposits Pg23: Those deposits are met above the transitional pack (pg23k ) and in their content we have distinguished alternations of grey clays with grey siltstones. Between them are met rare layers of grey sandstones, finegrained, compact and carbonatic. Thickness 230 - 250 m. - Lower Oligocene Deposits (Pg3) : Flysch deposits and are represented by alternations of sandstones, siltstones and clays. Flysch deposits are rich with carbonatic matter and somewhere is distinguished the transition at the limestones. (2 - 3 cm). Thickness of layers is 20 - 30 m. - Middle Oligocene deposits (Pg32): Lithologically are represented by massive sandstones and alternations of sandstones and clays. They are found normally above the flyschoidal deposits of lower Oligocene. - Lower Oligocene Deposits (Pg33) : Lithologically are represented by the alternation of clays, siltstones and are found nornally above the oldest deposits. Initially upper most part are emplaced by siltstones and claystones (argillites). Their thickness is 250 - 350 m. - Neogene Deposits (Nd): There are distinguished Miocene deposits (N,) and Pliocene deposits (N2P). Lower Miocene - Aquitanian stage (N2 la) 7 I i i i i Burdigalian stage (NI lb) Middle Miocene - Helvetian stage (NI 2h) Tortonian Stage (N1 2t) Upper Miocene N13 - un divided - Aquitanian Deposits: Lithologically are represented by the alternations of siltstones. clays with sandstones layers. In some cases the clays are predominants. Their thickness is 250 -350 m.. - Burdigalian Deposits: Are represented mainly by marls, but there are met in the organogene limestones. Thickness 500 m. - Helvetian Deposits N/h: Lithologically are represented by massive limestones, with rare and thin layers of clays and siltstones. In the sites where is distinguished the discordance phenomena are met conglomerates. - Tortonian Deposits N 2t: These deposits are represented by compact sandstones layers, alternated with clay and siltstones layers. The grain of sandstones are well rounded. In some cases they have a transition in microconglomerates and in concretional sandstones. Th thickness of sandstones layers is untol 20 m. the thickness of siltstones and clays is less. The thickness of Tortonian deposits is 200 - 400 m. - Upper Miocene Deposits (N13): These deposits are represented by alternations of clays and sandstones. In the upper mos part are met some lens of gypsum. In these deposits are met two gypsium belt that are issued in the basement of friable deposits. So these eposits create the basement of the friable deposits in the Vlora depression. With the rise of the deep is arised the content of the silt and clay fraction. Thickness is 90 m. - Pliocene deposits N2Ai: These deposits are represented by Helmesi Serie. We have found them in the Kuzbaba hill. Helmesi Serie is dominated by the alternation of clays with rare layers of sandstones. The basement's deposits are folded mainly at the beginning of Quaternary, reflecting anticlinal and synclinal folds, where transgrassively are deposed the freable deposits of Quaternary. - The friable deposits of Quaternary of Vlora depression The Quaternary deposits have a large distribution and based on their origin we have dividd them in marshy deposits and massive deposits. Marshy deposits These deposits are represented by suclays and muds. Their colour is grey with blu nuances and every where are covered with marine sands that are situated like a plate. The clays are plastic. Their thickness variate from some cm until 2.4 m. 8 Marine deposits Those deposits have a large distribution in the Vlora region. They are found from the new beach in a shape of a thin belt and in the sector of Port (Skela) they enlarge the zone of their distribution towards Zvemeci village. Thickness 90 cm (New Port). The general lithological section of marine - lagoonal deposita is represented from the top to below by sands, susands, suclays and clays. Sands The sands are of eolitic and marine origins. The eolitic sands are of grey colour with yellow nuances. They content pieces of shells. At the floor, generally they are cinfined by the level of the underground waters. The sands are fine grained because over 70 % of grains have the diameter 0.1 - 0.25 mm. Marine sands They are og grey colour. Their maximal thickness is found in Vlora sector - 17.0 m. depending from the content of seaweeds they are divided in two horizons: - The upper horizon - there are formed clean sands without clay elements. - The lower horizon - represented by silty sands with seaweeds content until 15 %. Generally the sands content the dissolvable in water salts 0.23 - 0.92 %. The main predominant fraction in sands is the one with diameter 0.2 - 0.05 mm. This fractionconstitutes about 60 % of all the mass. In first intervales the sands are fine grained because they contain 75 % grains of the diameter 0.25 - 0.01 mm and below the sands are silty and contains grans with diameter 0.1 - 0.05 mm at 75 %. Susands They are found under the sity sands with seaweeds with a gradual transition. They are of grey colour with thickness 3 - 12 m. Generally they contain seaweeds. From the granulometric point of view the susands of Vlora are presented: fraction 1 - 0.5 mm 10% 0.5 - 0.2 40 - 50% 0.2 - 0.1 20 - 25 % 0.1 - 0.05 10 - 15 % 0.05 - 0.005 10 - 35 % 0.005 - 0.002 7- 10 % <0.002 3- 10% In all cases the sandy fraction is predominant towards the silty one and so, after the technical conditions is simply called susand. Suclays Those are met under the susands eith a gradual transition . they are of grey colour in some cases of green colour. They are found always at the depth of 20 - 25 m from the earth surface and rarely at the depth 10 m. The sandy fraction is dominated at the favour of the silty and clyay ones. From the granulometric point of view the fraction under 2 micron 9 < 0.002 mm) from the contact with the susands, towards the depth is increased from 10 - 30 %, the silty fraction is varieted from 55 - 60 % and the sandy ones 10 - 35.5 %. From the fractional point of view they are called silty they are called silty suclayes. 9 --------- -- Clays Generally they occupies the lower part of the Quatemary Section. They are of green - blue colour with a variable thickness from 3.0 m until 13.0 m. Everywhere the Quatemary clays are situated transgressively over the mollasic formations of Upper Mioccene or of Pliocene. They are classified as silty clays, where the clay fraction varied from 30 - 60 % and as heavy silty clays over 60 %. The silty fraction is dominant every where towards the sandy one. The clay minerals are mainly ilit and montmorillonic with a carbonatic content. Based on the geotechnical data performed aiming the seismic microzonation of Vlora Town, results a geological - lithological section as below: 0.0 - 8.0 m fine grained sands - until medium grained, brown colour, friable at the upper most part and under the level of the underground waters they are made more compressed. 8.0 - 20.0 m fine grained, silty sands, grey colour, with decomposed organic matter content. 20.0 - 28.0 m susands in grey colour 28.0 - 58.0 m silty light clays with small sandy belts 58.0 - 68.0 m silty suclays 68.0 - 90.0 m silty clays 10 - . ..... I --- GEOLOGICAL MAP OF VLORA REGION SCALE 1:100 000 Nit Punoi ne kompjuter: Departamenti i GjeoinfoKnnacionit dhe Pubhllmeve Sipas Hartes Gjeologike te Shqiperise, viti 2002 I i I i I GEOLOGICAL PROFIL 30 15 -30 -45 -60 7 V- -90~ ~~~~V- -105. -'1'.-- Elili Sandy soils Silty clay, clay soils :EI..-:.-.:I: Silty sands Flysh | / // 4Silty sand with low plasticity |- Gipsum Designed by: Department of Geoinformation and Pablication I i i i I i i I i II TECTONIC The region where is situated the construction site according to the tectonic scheme of Albania, is compressed in a wide synclinal coastal area that takes up the part of Adriatic Sea beginning from the estuary of Mati River to Vlora Bay in the south. We will concentrate in the tectonics of the area around Vlora Bay. This area is characterized by a big development of anticlinal and synclinal crumples which are builded from Tercier deposits. Vlora depression has been subdued to different tectonic and neotectonic movements of Plio - Quaternary which has given the nowadays configuration. In certain places of this low part as a result of tectonic movements are noticed the anticlinal structures of Narta and Zverneci, which layed down paralelly with each other from southeast to northwest. In the north part of Vlora Bay, along the southwestern side of Cike - Kunar anticlinal, passes a tectonic destruction of overmount type with an extension of 10 - 15 km. His axial level has a falling in north - east direction under a 500 - 600 angle and az (290 - 3000) - (100 - 120°). In the eastern part of this destruction of overmount type, comes out the chalcareous of Upper Kreta (Cr ), while in western part those of Ologocene (Pg3) and Miocene ( N12 deposits. The whole Vlora Bay, in general, present a low tectonically area, that is proved with the formation of deep depressions in the Adriatic Sea and the absence of the terraces in the coastal lowland near the rivers and estuaries. 13 i i i i HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS Depending on lithological types and hydrogeological settings, in the study area are distinguished these water catchments complexes: a- Water catchment area of carbonatic deposits; b- Water catchment area of flischy deposits; c- Water catchment area of mollasic depozits; d- Water catchment are of quatemary deposits; a - The water catchment area of carbonatic deposits in our study area is not water container because there is not any water sypply. b + c - The water catchment area of flischy and mollasic deposits is poor. In those deposits are met streams with small bringings in the contact betwee sandy and conglomeratic package and the general package of clays. The flow of those streams varied from 0.01 to 0.2 1/sec and with mineralization from 0.2 to 0.8 m/l. d -The water catchment are of quaternary deposits is divided in: 1- Complex of eluvial - deluvial deposits; 2- Complex of aluvial - proluvial deposits; 3- Complex of Lagoon - Sea deposits. d.1 - In eluvial - deluvial deposits the ground waters level is in the depth of 3Om. The basis of those waters are the flyich - mollasic radical rocks. d.2 - The ground waters of this complex cames on to the surface as natural water supply and country wells, near the river beds', in terrain gradation, in the places where is developed the erosion of vegetables soils and in the deluvialo - proluvial deposits. Deposits of the supplies met in this complex varied from 0.03 1/sec to 0.4 1/sec. d.3 - The Loagoon - Sea deposits are more spread in Vlora region and those are the deposits which form our study area. According to the sistematic measurements performed in some wells, the depth of ground water level depends on the year's seasons. It is lower in June - August period and higher from December - March. The oscillation of the water level is 0.7 m. The static levels of this complex varied from 0.85 m to 12.5 m, and those that predominate varied from 2 m to 8 m. The under ground waters of that complex keep a certain presure, which is conditioned by the presence of impermeable cover that is represented from blue lagoon clays set like a plate over the coastal sands. The filstration coeficient of sands varied from 1.0 m to 5.0 m/day. Our study area during the winter period has been in several places flooded, so that the level of ground waters was 0.20 - 0.30 m over the natural terrain quota. During the period of drilling works this level was catched in 0.6 m - 0.4 m of depth, also we can say that the level is under the influence of sea water level (it depends from the sea hight tide and lowtide) 14 i i t i According to the data taken from the other studies for the region it cames out that the ground water level in the zone varied from 0.0 m to 1.50 m, accordig the morphology. The oscillation of the water level during summer - winter period is 0.70m. The results of chemical analyses are as follows: Mg+ + 3080 mg/l. S04- 2300 mg/l. CO2 55 mg/l. Cl 2293 mg/l. pH 8.3 dry remains 18 .2 mg/l. As you can see from the analyses, the water is little agressive for Mg and S04, so we reccomend to use the concrete over 200, also the basement of the objects should be in a 2.050 m of depth because of the ground water leves oscillation. 15 ... -- - - - SEISMIC CONDITIONS Seismic conditions of Albanian Republic are presented in Seismic Map of Albania with the Decree of Counsil of Ministers of Albania No. 371 dt. 20.12.1979. According to this Map, Vlora region is included to the seismic zone with strong earthquakes, where the intensity grows from VIII degree with a degree for bed conditions of soils. So, the intensity of Vlora area for concrete conditions is IX degree according to Mercally - Cancani Scale. SEISMIC MAP OF VLORA REGION SCALE 1:500000 * LUSHNJE - SE- A E E KU1OVA - - ~~~~~~~BERATI 1-4~~~~~~~~~~~~3 I- FIERI * - VLORI- -; - -.- . - - --.-- MEMALEA3 <> 0 - 0 ~~~~~TEPELENE --; DHERMI Area with seismic intensity VIII degree Area of strong earthquakes where the intensity grows with a degree for bed soil conditions 16 i I i GEOLOGICAL - ENGINEERING SETTINGS OF THE CONSTRUCTION SITE OF T.E. C. OF VLORA - In the geological - lithological setting of the place where will be constructed T.E.C. of Vlora is composed by the deposits of lagoonal - marine origin of Quaternary (Q4dl+lg). with the general thickness 75 - 90 m represented starrting from the depth until the surface from suclays, susands and sands. The clays occupies the deepest part of the Quatemary section. Their granulometry is constituted by the fraction under 2 micron 25 - 35 %, 50 % silty fraction, so totally about 75 - 80 % fraction under 0.075 mm. Based on the mineralogical analyses we can sey that the main minerals of clays are ilit and montmorillonit with carbonatic content, thin last content reflects at the weak plastic abilities. Above the clays about at the depth 30 - 40 m are situated suclays with a rare content of carbonatic matter, of blue colour, little until medium compressed. Based on the granulometry, from the floor until the ceiling, they pass from the heavy suclayes towards the light ones, because the content of the fraction under 2 micron is diminiushed from 35 % to 10 %. The contrary is happened with the sandy fraction, which is unvariable. After the diagram of the plasticity (the limits of Attenberg, Index of the plasticity), these deposits are included in silty suclays with mixed origin, with medium compression and plasticity. Above suclays deposits at the depth 20 - 30 m are situated the susands that from the bottom to the top have the increasing of the sandy fraction 5 - 10 %. Based on the granulometry and the plasticity (limits of Attenberg, index of plasticity), these soils are included in silty susands with marine origin, meanwhile the horions that contain seaweeds are of lagoonal - marine origin. The sands are situated above the susands at the depth about 20 m until the surface. The sandy fraction is increased from 70 % - 95 % so the silty and the clay fraction (> 0.075 mm) in the first meters (3 - 4 m) from te surface have to be dissapeared (from 0 -4 %). On the basal physical - mechanical characteristics of the silts, which compose the construction site - One of the physical parameter studied in specific weight ys which is depended from mineral content and serves as an index for the evoluation of the porosity and of the coeficient of porosity. In the soils this one is increased with the increase of the clayey fraction. In the layers that we have studied in the lithological section this parameter variated from 2.65 - 2.68 gr/cm3. The determnination of the specific weight after A. A. S. H. T. 0 using the picnometer 100 c.c. is performed in the geotechnical laboratory of the Geological Survey of Albania, by Eng. L. Konomi. - The granulometry is studied with the standart method A. A. S. H. T. 0. - The determnination of the soil fraction over the sieve No. 200 or greater that 0.074 mm after A.A.S.H.T.O.: The quantity of the sandy fraction, their diameter is expressed with the number of sieves No. 80 (0.118 mm), No. 200 (0.074 mm). The determination of the silty fraction (0.074 - 0.002 mm) and of the clayey fraction (< 0.002 mm) based on the low of stocks, on the velocity of the falling of the grains in suspension, at 17 i i i the determnined temperature and time intervals. The soils that are studied from us didn't contain clays (max. 22 - 25 % > 0.0075 mm), so it is not possible to divide the clayey fraction from the silty one. These soils after U.S.C. are clasified in the groups: Layer No. 1 - Fine - medium grained sands with a little percentage of the great granued sands, grey colour, which after the clasification A.A.S.H.T.O. are included in soils with the symbol A - 3 meanwhile after the clasification U.S.C. these soils are called poorly graded sand - SP and from the end ofthe interval about the depth 5 - 8 m in Poorly graded sand with silty (Sp - SM) where Cu has the value 1.6 - 1.8. Layer No. 2 - Fine grained sands, a little silty grey colour, with azure nuances, which after the clasification A.A.S.H.T.O. are included in soils with symbol A - 2 - 4, afetr the clasification U.S.C. these soils are included in the group of silty sands SM, where Cu has the value 2.1 - 2.8. These analyese are realized, elaborated and classified by Eng. Luiza Konomi in the geotechinical Laboratory of the Geological Survey of Albania.. 1- If we will see the curves of the granulometric content of these deposits, is observed that the coeficient of the assimetry of grains varied from 1.2 - 3.4. These values testified for a homogene granulometric content. C d60 dio d6O - the diameter of grains at 60 %. dIo- the diameter of grains at 10 %. As the lithological section in the studied place is represented by soils without cohesion (sands), there are taken samples with sample - taker, in natural situation and are determined the natural moisture and the bulk density (20 analyses) in the conditions of the firld laboratory. - The determination of the natural moisture Wn is performed after A.A.S.H.T.O.. There are taken a small quantity of soils, this one is weight, after we dried it in a thermostat at the temperature 105 - 110°C. After this act we weight it again. The difference in weight expressed in %, is the moisture of the soil. The natural moisture of the studied soils varied from 25 - 27 % (for medium grained silty sands, grey colour, with azure nuances). - The bulk density yu is determined after A.A.S.H.T.O. with a sample - taker. In field are taken some samples. The bulk density is depended from the mineral content, porosity, moisture and the compression. Studying all these factors we observe that the bulk density of soils, under the level of the under ground waters (0.4 - 0.8) ivaried from 1.95 g/cm3 (the sandsin grey colour) to 1.90 gr/cm3 (sands, grey colour and azure nuances). - In laboratory conditions are performed 2 analyses for the determination of the relative density of the sands that construct the lithological section. 18 .1 ---- Number of Drill Depth Max. Compression Min. Compression samples of samples Dry unit weight 1 Average dry Dry unit weight Average drn unit weight I unit weight Drilling 1 5.0 - 6.0 m 1.67 1.35 Kl Drilling 2 6.0 - 7.0 m 1.67 1.67 1.36 1.36 Drilling 4 6.0 - 7.0 m 1.66 1.36 Drillina1 13.5 - 14.0 1.60 1.37 K2 Drilling 3 15.5 - 16.0 1.61 1.60 1.37 1.37 Drilling 4 14.0- 14.5 1.58 1.36 Dr emax e0 Ydm&x Ydmax Ydmin Dr - -100 dmax 100% emax emin Ydnat Ydmin where: )Yd max - Dry unit weight in compressed conditions Yd min - Dry unit weight in soft conditions 'Yd nat - Dry unit weight in natural conditions 1.67 1.55 - 1.36 Per K -------- . ---------------- .100 = 65.9 = 0.65 % (layerNo.1) 1.55 1.67- 1.36 1.60 1.50- 1.37 Per K2 -------- . ---------------- .100 = 59.9 = 0.59 % (layer No.2) 1.50 1.60- 1.37 As we can see, from the values of relative density Dr, the layer No. 1 (Sample 1) and the layer No. 2 (sample 2), are in average compression and average density that vary from 0.65 % in beige sands to 0.59 % in grey to blue sands. Standart Penetration Tests S.P.T In all boreholes were performed 40 standart penetration tests. All tests were executedv accoriding to A. S. T. M. D. - 1586. The tests are made by dropping a free falling hammer weighting 63.5 kg from the height 76.2 m and the numbering of blows (hittings) will be dobe after 45 cm of penetration. In the first 15 cm, we don't number the blows because it supposed that the first 15 cm is a disturbed layer in structure point of view during drilling works. We begin to number the blows in the second and the third 15 cm. The number of blows take into account in the terrain , must be correct as follows: 19 i I Er N60 = Ns.p.t x -xCsxCrxCd. 60 where: N60 - number of corrected blows Ns.p.t - the number of blows in terrain Er ------- -the energy spent for the hammner falling. In the case of mecanic rise it is equal of 1. Cs - energy coefficient = 1.2 Cr - coeficient of test depth (the correction according the Table No. 1) Cd -coeficient of well diameter (the correction according the Table No. 2) Table No. 1 Depth (m) 3-4 4-6 6-10 >10 Cr 0.75 |0.85 0.95 1 Table No. 2 Diameter (mm) 65 - 115 115 - 150 150 - 200| Cd 1 1.05 1.15 | Table of Dr / S.P. T. (Relative density / number of blous) Dr%0 15 35 65 85 100 IVery poor Poor | Averaae | Thick Vey thick No. S.P.T 0 3 8 25 42 58 As we can see the values of S.P.T. (Table No. 3) and the comparison between relative density values (Dr) and them, gave the result that the sands which built the construction site of the TEC in Vlora, ate average thick. Also the layer with 4.5 - 6.5 m of depth, according the S.P.T. tests are average - to thick. 20 i Table No.3 No Borehole Test depth (m) S.P.T / number of blows The correct number of ____ blows 1 1.5- 1.8 14 12.6 2 2.5 -2.8 19 17.1 3 3.5 - 3.8 22 19.8 4 4.5 - 4.8 28 28.5 5 5.5 - 5.8 30 30.6 6 6.5-6.8 31 35.4 7 Nr. 1 7.5-7.8 23 I 26.2 8 8.5 - 8.8 22 25.0 9 9.5 - 9.8 25 28.5 10 10.5- 10.8 18 21.6 11 12.5 - 12.8 16 19.2 12 14.5 - 14.8 14 16.8 13 16.5 - 16.8 15 18 14 18.5 -18.8 19 22.8 29 9.0 - 9.2 21 23.9 30 11.0 - 11.2 23 27.6 31 Nr. 2 13.0 - 13.3 17 20.4 32 15.0 - 15.3 17 20.4 33 17.0- 17.3 18 21.6 34 19.0 - 19.3 16 19.2 15 1.0 -1.3 11 9.9 16 2.0 - 2.3 20 18.0 17 3.0 -3.3 21 18.9 18 4.0 - 4.3 30 27.0 19 5.0 -5.3 31 31.6 20 6.0 - 6.3 28 31.9 21 Nr. 3 7.0 - 7.3 25 28.5 22 8.0 - 8.3 22 25.1 23 9.0 - 9.3 28 31.9 24 10.0- 10.3 22 26.4 25 12.0- 12.3 17 20.4 26 14.0- 14.3 14 16.8 27 16.0 - 16.3 17 20.4 28 18.0 - 18.3 20 24.0 35 8.0 - 8.3 22 25.1 36 11.0- 10.3 18 21.6 37 Nr. 4 12.0- 12.3 19 22.6 38 13.0- 14.3 16 19.2 39 16.0- 16.3 17 20.4 40 18.0 - 18.3 16 19.2 21 I i i i i i i i i TABLE OF PHYSICAL ANALYSES Natural moisture content Wn Bulk density Yn Dry unit weight Yd _ Depth E < .& Soils description ;z; _ ~~~Depth L .D . , ^o I_ 1 2.0 - 2.20 121.50 95.83 26.8 62.31 1.95 1.538 Sands, average to thin, beige - grey 2 1 3.10 - 3.30 121.13 94.71 27.9 27.9 1.944 1.520 Sands, average to thin, beige - grey 3 1 5.40 - 5.60 237.90 187.93 26.58 120.7 I .971 1.557 Sands, average to thin, beige - grey 4 1 7.0 - 7.50 236.57 188.17 25.72 25.72 1.960 1 .559 Sands, average to thin, beige - grey 5 I 960 - 980 169.58 131.52 28.93 87.1 1.941 1.510 Sands, average to thin, beige - grey 6 1 10.50- 10.70 121.07 93.96 29.50 62.31 1.943 1.508 Sands, average to thin, beige - grey 7 1 13.60 - 13.80 234.16 182.62 28.23 120.7 1.940 1.513 Sands, average to thin, beige - grey 8 1 1800 - 1830 228.12 172.22 32.4 120.7 1.89 1.46 Sands, average to thin, beige - grey 9 1 1900 - 1930 230.54 178.15 29.40 120.7 1.91 1.476 Thin sands, little dasty, grey - blue 10 2 6.50 - 6.80 121.75 95.77 27.12 62.31 1.954 1.537 Thin sands, little dasty, grey - blue I1 2 7.30 - 7.60 235.73 185.16 27.31 120.7 1.953 1.543 Thiin sands, little dasty, grey- blue 12 2 920 - 940 234.04 180.81 29.43 120.7 1 .939 1.498 Thin sands, little dasty, grey - blue 13 2 11.50 - 12.00 168.97 131.08 28.91 87.1 1.940 1.505 Thin sands, little dasty, grey - blue 14 3 7.0 - 7.50 170.11 134.39 26.57 87.1 I 1.953 1 .543 Thin sands, little dasty, grey - blue 15 3 10 - 1040 169.15 131.17 28.95 87.1 1.942 1.506 Thin sands, little dasty, grey - blue 16 3 1320 - 1340 168080 131.52 28.34 87.1 1.938 1.510 Thin sands, little dasty, grey - blue 17 3 15.90 - 1620 230.54 176.22 30.8 120.7 1.910 1.460 Thin sands, little dasty, grey - blue 18 3 1910 - 1940 230.30 178.39 29.1 120.7 1.908 1.478 Thin sands, little dasty, grey - blue 19 4 670 - 700 169.84 132.91 27.78 87.1 1 .950 1.526 Thin sands, little dasty, grey - blue 20 4 850 - 870 170.19 134.39 26.63 87.1 1.954 1.543 Thin sands, little dasty, grey - blue 22 Based on the field works and in the documentation of drilling column, in all the lab data for the field analyses and the data taken from different studies made for the study place and the literature (mainly for the mechanic properties, angle of inner friction (p, cohesion C. the compression modul E1.3 and pilot - earth friction f) as follows we are giving a detailed decription for each geological - lithological layer found, starting from the surface towards the depth. Layer No. 1 Medium until fine grained sands, grey colour medium compressed with moisture. There are met some rare and thin peaces of sea shells.This layer is not in all the place of the contruction from the surface until the deep 7.8 m (S - 4) - 8.4 m (S - 3). After the classification A. A. S. H. T. 0 they are included in soils with the symbol A - 3. the friction with diameter less then 0.075 mm is varied 3 - 7 %. After the classification U. S. C. These soils are called poorly graded sand - SP and from bottom of layer 5 - 8 in poorly graded sand with silt (SP - SM) and the coeficient of the disuniformity Cu varied 1.6 - 1.8. These ones are massive origin. Particle soil distribution: Sandy fraction (0.075 - 2 m/mi) 96.2% . 92.8% mes. 93.1%. Clay and silt friction (< 0.075 m/mi) 3.8% - 7.2% mes. 6.9%. - natural moiture content W,, 6.0 % .27.0 % - bulk density Yn 1.95 gr/cm3. - dry unit weight in natural situation rYd 1 .54 gr/cm' - dry unit weight in friable situation Yd min 1 .36 gr/cm3 - dry unit weight in compressional situation 'Yd max 1 .67 gr/cm3 - specific weight Ts 2.65- 2.66 gr/cm3 - porosity coeficient E 0.72 - compression modul El -3 160 kg/cm2 - angle of inner friction 260 - cohesion C 0.0 - pilote - earth friction f 3.0 kg/cm2 - allowed load c 1.8 kg/cm2 - relative density Dr 0.65 % Layer No. 2 Fine sands, a bit silty, grey colour with blue nuances with moisture, medium compressed. There are met some rare and fine pieces of sea weeds and some rare thin sea shells. After the classification A. A. S. H. T. 0. are included in soils with the symbol A - 2 - 4, where the fraction with diameter less then 0.075 mm is varied from 14 - 24 %. After the classification U.S.C. these soils are included in the group silty sand, where the coeficient of the disuniformity Cu = 2.1 - 2.8. These soils are of masive origin and are met immediately after the layer No. 1 in the deep 7.5 - 8.2 m. They have a considerable thickness overpassing the deep 20 m. Perberja granulometrike. 25 i i i I i - Sandy fraction (0.075 - 2 mr/m) 85.6 % - 75.7 % mes. 81.4 % - Clay and silt friction (< 0.075 mrm/) 4.4% . 24.3 % mes. 18.6 % - natural moiture content Wn 28.3 %. .30.0 % - bulk density Yn 1.92 gr/cm3. - dry unit weight in natural situation Yd 1 .49 - 1.50 gr/cm'3 - dry unit weight in friable situation Yd min 1 .37 gr/cm' - dry unit weight in compressional situation Yd max 1 .60 gr/cm' - specific weight 2 .67 gr/cm3 - porosity coeficient £ 0.79 - compression modul El-3 140 kg/cm2 - angle of inner friction (p 20 - 22° - cohesion C 0.0 - pilote - earth friction f 3 kg/cm2 - allowed load G 1.5 kg/cm2 - relative density Dr 0.65 % 26 I I i i CONCLUSIONS - The construction site of T.E.C. of Vlora is situated in the Adriatic Depression. - In the geological settings of this site, takes part the Quaternary Q4 dt+g deposits with lagoonal - marine deposits with a thickness until 90 m. Those deposits from the lower to the upper part are represented from clays in grey to azure colour, suclays, susands, silty fine sands and middle to fine sands with low percentage of thick fraction. Quaternary deposts placed over the Miocene deposits and concretely over the Pliocene deposits are represented by flyisch and gipses. - Under ground water level varied from the depth 0.0 to 1.5 m based on the site configuration. This level reach the depth 0.70 in the summer - winter season. Those water, in contact with common lead and concrete, became agressive, so we reccomend that the thickness of the basement placement of the objects should be under the 2.50 m of depth. So that they are away influence of the under ground water level changes. - In the geotechnical section of our site, until the depth of 20.0 rn are distinguished two geotechnical layers with different physical - mechanical parameter which are classified as follows: Layer No. 1 - Fine - medium grained sands with a little percentage of the great granued sands, grey colour, which after the clasification A.A.S.H.T.O. are included in soils with the symbol A - 3. After the clasification U.S.C. these soils are called Poorly Graded Sand - SP and from the end of the interval about the depth 5 - 8 m in Poorly graded sand with silty (Sp - SM). The values of Relative Density are 0.65 % and the values of S.P.T. shows that this is a medium compressed layer. Layer No. 2 - Fine grained sands, a little silty grey colour, with azure nuances, which after the clasification A.A.S.H.T.O. are included in soils with symbol A - 2 - 4, afetr the clasification U.S.C. these soils are included in the group of silty sands SM. The values of relative Density are 0.59 % and the values of S.P.T. shows that this is a medium compressed layer. According to the Seismic Map of Albania scale 1:500 000 with the Decree of Counsil of Ministers of Albania No. 371 dt. 20.12.1979, Vlora region is included to the seismic zone with the intensity of IX degree according to Mercally - Cancani Scale. 27 I  - -.- , -- --- X = 44 85160 PROJECT: T.E.C OF VLORA DRILLING No.4 Y 43 67440 DATE: APRIL - 2003 Z = + 1.07 m LITHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION AND THIE PYSICAL PROPERTIES GRAIN SIZE _ DENSITY NATYRAL MOISTURE S. P. T ANALYSIS > gr/cm3 CONTENT CLASSIFICATION Z% % W 0 - . mLvISAND >0.075 U DRY WET F- > a0 :D .f u Xd xu V) m n 10 20 30 20 40 60 80 t 1.6 1.8 20 30 _ . . , . , , . _ l l , . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0.60 Medium until fine grained sands, : 0.60 grey colour medium compressed I. with moisture. There are met 1.0 some rare and thin peaces of sea 2.0 shells. This layer is not in all the .0 place of the contruction from the 30 . surface until the deep 7.8 m (S-4) 8.4m(S-3).After the classification 40 A.A.S.H.T.O they are included in . . soils with the simbol A - 3. the s 0 friction with diameter less then 0.075 mm is varied 3-7 %. 60 After the classification U.S.C 60 Poorly graded Sand-SP and 27.8 Poorly graded with Silt SP-SM. 7.0 8.0 25.1 Fine sands, a bit silty, grey colour e/ 6.6 UVizh oiue .luanct, ,vvtn rnmoisure, medium compressed. There are /2106 met some rare and fine pieces of : 21.6 sea weeds and some rare thin sea 11.0 shells. After the classification A.A.S.H.T.O are included in soils 20 22.8 with the simbol A-2-4, where the 3.0 fraction with diameter less then 0.075 mm is varied from 14-24 %. 14.0 19.2 After the classification U.S.C 15.0 these soils are included in the group Silty Sand - SM. These soil 16.0 20.4 are of masive origin and are met immediately after the layer No.1 170 ... in the deep 7.5 - 8.2 m. They have 8.0 a considerable thickness n 19.2 overpassing the deep 20 m. 19.0 200 . - -. . . _ _ _ Designed by: Departrnenl ofGcoinformation and Pablication X = 44 85129 PROJECT: T.E.C OF VLORA DRILLINGNo.1 Y 43 67350 DATE: MARCH - 2003 Z= +0.44m LITHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION AND THE PYSICAL PROPERTIES GRAIN SIZE ¢ DENSITY NATYRAL MOISTURE o S. P. T ANALYSIS > gr/cm3 CONTENT CLASSIFICATIO C O ZSAND > 0.075 u DRY WET % LL 0 a. > ' d Xu co 1 0 20 30 20 40 60 80 X 1.6 1.8 20 Medium until fine grained sands, . ._4 grey colour medium compressed with moisture. There are met 1.0 some rare and thin peaces of sea 12.6 * 26.8 shells. This layer is not in all the 2.0 \ place of the contruction from the 17.1 27.9 surface until the deep 7.8 m (S-4) 3.0 * * ** ~~~~19.8 8.4m(S-3).After the classification 4.0 \ lOOl A.A.S.HI.T.O they are included in \ soils with the simbol A - 3. the 5.0 28.5 f II 26.6 friction with diameter less then * o30.6 0.075 mm is varied 3-7 %. 6.0 .3,I6 After the classification U.S.C 35.4 Poorly graded Sand-SP and 7.0 25.7 Poorly graded with Silt SP-SM. 8 . 26.2 .lie saiwu, a LijI siily, grey coiour . with blue nuances with moisture, 9.0 25. / medium compressed. There are 28.5 / 28.9 met some rare and fine pieces of 10.0 - sea weeds and some rare thin sea 1.0 21.6 . 29.5 shells. After the classification A.A.S.H.T.O are included in soils 12.0 IE with the simbol A-2-4, where the / fraction with diameter less then 3 192 .075 mm is varied from 14-24 %. 14.0 8.3 After the classification U.S.C these soils are included in the 15.0 16.8 group Silty Sand - SM. These soil 16 /0 are of masive origin and are met immediately after the layer No. 1 17.0 18.0 in the deep 7.5 - 8.2 m. They have a considerable thickness 18.0 . 32.4 o overpassing the deep 20 m. 19.0 22.8 / 29.4 Designed by: Department of Geoinfornnalion and Pablication PROJECT: T.E.C OF VLORA DRILLING No.2 X=44 85117 DATE: MARCH - 2003 Y = 43 67391 Z= +0.51m LITHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION AND THE PYSICAL PROPERTIES GRAIN SIZE DENSITY NATYRAL MOISTURE CLASSIFICATION ~ S. P. T ANALYSIS gr/cm3 CONTENT CLASSIFICATION :: O c SAND > 0.075 o DRY WET % w 0., : $ > < | ffi Xd Xu < > Q m m 10 20 30 20 40 60 80 1.6 1.8 20 30 ... . --. _ ...... .. * .... ................... _ . . . . 0.40 Medium until fine grained sands, grey colour medium compressed 1.0 with moisture. There are met some rare and thin peaces of sea 2.0 shells. This layer is not in all the place of the contruction from the 3.0 surface until the deep 7.8 m (S-4) 8.4m(S-3).After the classification 4 o l A.A.S.H.T.O they are included in 50 soils with the simbol A - 3. the friction with diameter less then 6.0 0.075 mm is varied 3-7 %. :.: 21.12 After the classification U.S.C 7.0 Poorly graded Sand-SP and 27.31 Poorly graded with Silt SP-SM. s.o Fine sands, a bit silty, grey colour 90 29.43 with blue nuances with moisture, 23.9 medium compressed. There are 10.0 met some rare and fine pieces of ssa weeds ana some rare thin sea , 27.6 shells. After the classification 28.91 A.A.S.H.T.O are included in soils .0 with the simbol A-2-4, where the 13.0 fraction with diameter less then 204 0.075 mm is varied from 14-24 % 14.0 After the classification U.S.C 5.0- these soils are included in the 20.4 group Silty Sand - SM. These soils 16.0 are of masive origin and are met immediately after the layer No. I 21.6 in the deep 7.5 - 8.2 m. They have 18.0 a considerable thickness _ / _ _ _ overpassing the deep 20 m. i9.0 192 Designed by: Departmcnl orGeoinformation and Pablication 'L- ''-a -I- 4 4 N NN N /// NNNN N .1 4 N NNN N 4 1 4 /// NN N NNN NNN N N 4 /// N 1 4/ N N N N / 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 r / \\ " \\ \\\\ X = 44 85100 PROJECT: T.E.C OF VLORA DRILLING N 3 Y =43 67411 DATE: APRIL - 2003 Z= +0.62m LITHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION AND THE PYSICAL PROPERTIES GRAIN SIZE f DENSITY NATYRAL MOISTURE S. P. T ANALYSIS 5: griCrn3COTN CLASSIFICATION v SAND > 0.075 DRY WET % 4 -z 03R WT% U c m i > * , ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Xd Xu t X Ia 0 20 30 20 40 60 80 1.6 1.8 20 30 Medium until fine grained sands, grey colour medium compressed 9.9 with moisture. There are met some rare and thin peaces of sea 2.0 . 18.0 shells. This layer is not in all the . E place of the contruction from the 3.0 18.9 surface until the deep 7.8 m (S-4) 27.0 8.4m(S-3).After the classification 27.0 A.A.S.H.T.O they are included in 5 soils with the simbol A - 3. the 31.6 friction with diameter less then 6.0 !31 0.075 mm is varied 3-7%. / After the classification U.S.C 7.0 128.5 26.57 Ponrly gradcd Sard SP ainid oorly graded with Silt SP-SM. s. /25.1 1. ... . \//l Fine sands, a bit silty, grey colour 90 o31.9 with blue nuances with moisture, l -.- medium compressed. There are 10.0 .26.4 l28.95 met some rare and fine pieces of sea weeds and some rare thin sea E shells. After the classification 12.0 I-0 A.A.S.H.T.O are included in soils . . 2 | ( with the simbol A-2-4, where the 13.0 1 28.34 action with diameter less then - 14.0 0.075 mm is varied from 14-24 %. 16.8 I \ After the classification U.S.C 15.0 these soils are included in the l 30. group Silty Sand - SM. These soil 16.0 -;-120.4 U-;0 are of masive origin and are met 1 immediately after the layer No. I | in the deep 7.5 - 8.2 m. They have 18.0 024 l a considerable thickness overpassing thie deep 20 m. !Q0 I _ . 29.1 PIROJECT- TE.C OF VLORA G EOLOGO)-tINGINFERING PROFILE 1-t 20I Scale 1 200 -2 1) °° I .-.------ ---. ....... . ... 11*---.,-......---.-.------- -6 0 : -- : .::. : : - .~. ... .30 . , .. .. s8 02 l16O 2(0 20 00 1 -220-1 -24 0 -26 -28. (D S-2 S~~~~~~~~~~( S-_3 Elevation (Os) ~~~~~~0.44 -0.51 06 arsiat distance (in) 2 i.o0 _]_ 2 70o_ Progressive disro.ce (in) 00 21 0 480 Medium until fine grained sands, &rey colour medium compressed wit I moisture. There are met some rare and thin peaces of sea shells. This layer is not in all the place of the contruction from the surface until the deep 7.8 m (S-4) 8 4m(S-3) After the classification A.A.S.H T.O they are included in soils with the simbol A - 3. the friction with diameter less then 0 075 mm is varied 3-7 % After the classification U.S.C Poorly graded Sand-SP and Poorly graded with Silt SP-SM Fine sands, a bit silty, grey colour with blue nuances with moisture, medium compressed There are met some rare and fine pieces of sea weeds and some rare thin sea shells After the classification A A S.H.T.O are included in soils with the simbol A-2-4, where the fraction with diameter less then 0.075 mm is varied from 14-24 % Afte: the classification U.S.C these soils are included in the Designed b5 group Silty Sand - SM. These soils are of masive origin and are met imimediately after the layerNo 1 in the deep 75-82 m They hase Depar-ne of Geo.orona-ion and Pabl-cas a considerable thickness overpassing the deep 20 m PROJECT: T.E.C OF VLORA G EOLOGO-ENGINEERING PROFILE II-II | Scale 1 .200 20 o~~~~~~~~~~..) , . , ". . -6...... X '- . .. -.0' ' ..... ......'.-.:*:.',';. .' .. . . . : . .1,1. . ,' .80 801 -20.02 -22.0- . 24.0 -26.0 -28.0 |i. Drilli.igNo o S -4 S-2 0 E le -atio n ( ml) 1 07l o 510 l Partial dist. in 67.0m Pro ress.dist.iu 0.Ont 67 Oa Medium until fine grained sands, grey colour medium compressed with moisture. There are met some rare and thin peaces of sea shells. This layer is not in all the place of the contruction from the surface until the deep 7.8 m (S-4) 8.4m(S-3).After the classification A A S H.T.O they are included in soils with the simbol A - 3 the friction with diameter lets then 0.075 mm is varied 3-7 % After the classification U S C Poorly graded Sand-SP and Poorly graded with Silt SP-SM. Fine sands, a bit silty, grey colour with blue nuances with moisture, medium compressed. There are met some rare and fine pieces of sea weeds and some rare thin sea shells. After the classification A.A.S.H.T.O are included in soils with the simbol A-2-4, where the fraction with diameter less then 0 075 mm is varied from 14-24 %.After the classification US C these soils are included in the group Silty Sand - SM. These soils are of masive origin and are met immeliately after the layer No. I in the deep 7.5 - 8 2 m They have Desimiied by a considerable thickness overpassing the deep 20 m Dep.rin,eiit otGcofifonnaiioii niid Psbicniio REPUBLIKA E SHQIIPERISE MINISTRIA EKONOMISE PUBLIKE DHE PRPVATIZ1AMT SHERBIMI GJEOLOGJIK SHQIPTAR QENDRA E GJEOLOGJISE CIVLE Laboratori Tirane me...../..k/..YJ. OBJEKTI ... e VENDI I LARES . ¾ . .........r. 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VENDI I MARJES ......2..... FLETE ANALIZE GRANULOMETRIKE (ME SITA) Fraksionet ne mm _______ ~~~~~~Perbajtia e fraksionit ne %_____ Nr Thellesia e 5.0-2. 0 2.0-1.25 1.25-0.5 0.5-0.25 0.25-0.075 <0'.075 rendor marries S kampionit ne m _____ I 6.0-TO --0.560 5.148 87.185 7.107 2 7.0-8.0 --0.109 1.636 81.560 16.694 3 9.0-1 0.0-b- 0.138 0.598 81.307 17.956 4 11.5-12.5. --0.117 0.235 83.099 16.549 Analizuesi Shefi sektorit Ing. L.KONOMI Ing.YSf MUCEKU Drejtori 7,~h l~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o 4. . .... . u,ue'o *'SX '|;l --8 z--' SO'O ' ' - F ' 5' 1 'o ~~~~ * , -:1 .. ~ ~ ~ - .. -. . .. .- -..- OL. L F~~~~~~~~~~~~O T~~~~~~~~~~~~12S~ ____________ Jilf.A~TtY ______________________________________WQ~ ~ cmOa MT ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ U~~d~ - ~~'ŽiO7A 93~~L Z/ X0C6 (p 2T * .) rL/ / un--,o tS ,s M-U ii-- wd- 00g~ too So ( 0 t-o .1 -01" 9 01 Ot qs: cot. 002 'a. : . . '. 7" _ txzJ ~w 7 i - -- - - - - - ., -. '' I- --- .- . -- -- ,- , . . l 0 - - - ~... .. ... . .. o. 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FLETE ANALIZE GRANULOMETRIKE (ME SITA) Fraksionet ne mm Permbajtja e fraksionit ne % Nr Thellesia e 5.0-2.0 2.0-1.25 1.25-0.5 0.5-0.25 0.25-0.075 <0.075 rendor marries se kampionit ne m 1 7.0-7.5 . 0.416 5.613 88.721 5.249 2 10.0-10.5 - 0.186 0.249 81.021 18.544 3 13.0-14.0 0.052 - 0.263 75.420 24.265 4 15.9-16.5 - 0.117 0.234 81.568 18.081 5 19.1-19.4 0.088 0.354 78.717 20.841 Analizuesi Shefi sektorit Ing. L.KONOMI kg. Y. MUCEKU Drejtori . c, Ing X G 4.* 0 .. . .. . . .~~ (.S ;Ys -u.v ,._s k/i."' .U - -. ./4/O I X R...... uafo *'I'1 SD us11i ..dr pu"S \ 10-0 :80 S0 tO0 :-0 5'0 a S O9 OZ orL qs o .oor - - . * - - * -~~ - . . -. , * : ~_ -.-. TF 4§4~:.v . 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FI, @,§||*|1|@111w,i7IT r,lill..,TH*r*..*.,.. |........ ll |||| O . . .. -., . , . .-, , . ,fil I'.. , ., ,.,,, . ,,,, ,,,,,,...^....,44. &1... -'1@-@ @44 _ n, > * * - * * @ ., . * *~~1 HI . , ,t 1I 1 -.Xt11 1 . C/ \~~~~~~1 1'''-!-11201 1s1! *1-1824 .1Z* §; sl'u'-l.;@' 4-a& -i - W g 1! 811!17!0: i! 1 '1 11llllFlIllllllllllllll11 III tIN I IT I li, I O l1 IM NiIIIIi ,; i ,':!1 | c a~~~~r I *4"'*';*g*-0 WI *P_*I: X ' t '''';'';:~~~~~~~~~~~L!:::'-::: .........,;;-l REPUBLIKA E SEQIPERISE MlNlSTRIA EKONOMISE PUBLIKE DHE PRI7ATIZINMIT SHERBIMI GJEOLOGJIK SHQLPTAR QENDRA E GJEOLOGJISE CIVIJE Laboratori Tirane me.... OBJEKTI ....... I ....... VEND] IMARJES ....4 FLETEN ANALIZE GRANULOMETRIKE (ME SITA) Fraksionet ne mm Pe nbajtja e fraksionit ne % Nr Thellesia e 5.0-2. 0 2.0-1.25 1.25-0.5 0.5-0.25 0.25-0.075 <0.075 rendor marTjes se kampionit ne m ] 8.0-9.0 0.050 0.550 80.440 18.959 Analizuesi Shefi sektorit Ing. L.KONOMI kg. Y. MUCEKU Drejtori kg Xe0ma1 HADROJ 7-EC YL4ORE' ~SO?DA-i 4 0ooo o . 5 rtL- -TA 8 9 IASQYRA E LAKORES Sl PPRBKRJES KOIRRIZORE . T . POPLD}R -GURALZCOFR I AEVRIT ARGJILt_ .-.'.a 0 * I 4-~~~~1i~~' Hit K i I= _R 70 7k 7 L-L . . E-4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~60 ': - - - - . 40- -U-... 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':. f..- 4j J ' j-.';'.,y, _ 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r 0 1=w1S', , L5t j.e; nI,L V_ - * , . 9I ' =a r _ > " - *_ ;r ' .r- w -ys S r - ~~~~~~A,,., j -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - ' ;~Jqp- -.::w 16L2 EA & - - |~t ., . -19 h s '~~~~~~- ,' -'S .g £8' -'_'e'J_Et__--'6 4 - I r,.2 W7 1 _ lgI ..i? _ - , i6 b~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r - V~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rX .4a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 71.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 1.7~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rr~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ J.(Im111 ( I t- - ;s : r: ss- --~~~~~~~~~-"' -*:- zz Ec LablluD atozX-i fushlore. .Pcsh:) votEr;Hfirew diiPre juit sn-, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF ALBANIA Center of Civil Geology Section of Engineering - Geology Rruga: 'Sami Frasheri" No .31 Tel: 00 355 4 222 259 Fax: 00 355 4 226 530 E-mail. d6ziinr1ialbaniaoi1ine. net, EVALUATION of the report: "GEOTECHNICAL VALUATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION SITE OF T.E.C. NEAR NEW PORT OF VLORA (GENERAL PROJECT - IDEA) Autlhor: Eng. Luljeta GJOVREKU Eng. JaniKERO This report is presented by the authors in two parts: - Text material - Graphic material. The text is composed by several chapters which are analyses as follows: Introduction In this chapter the authors give in a very explicite manner the duty and the purpose of the report, the used methods for his realisation. Position, relief and geomorplzology Here is given the boundaries of the studied area and the geomorphology of the region. From the geomorphological point of view the authors had divided the studued area in to parts: a- Hilly geomorphological unit; b- Field geomorphological unit. Which are treated very well. Geological settings This chapter is treated well. Tectonic settings For the duty they have to realise, this is a full chapter. Hydrogeological settings In this chapter, depending on the lithological types and the hydrogeological conditions of the fornations, are distinguished four catchment area, as follows: a- Water catchment area of carbonatic deposits; b- Water catchment area of flischy deposits; c- Water catchment area of mollasic depozits; d- Water catchment are of quaternary deposits; Which are treated very well. There is shown that the waters of the quaternary deposits became aggressive in contact with concrete. This is a factor which have to be taken into account by the construction person. Seismic conditions The authors shows the the region intensity in concrete conditions is IX degree after the Mercally - cancani clasification. Geological - engineering settings of thi e construction site of t.e.c. of vlora This is a very important chapter and it is given in a very detailed mode. In this chapter are given all physical - mechanical parameters of the layers which compose the construction site. Here are used the A.A.S.H.T.O. and U.S.C. well known clasifications. Here is determined the Relative Density and are performed the S.P.T. for all samples taken in the terrain. In the end is given a full geotechnical valuation of the construction site. Conclusions It is a full chapter. The graphical material is complete and based on conteporanery literature. In the end, I think that the report have a positive valuation, so I reccomend to the other high scientific instances to approved it as a report of high quality. ENG. YLBER MUCEKU tJ_y GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF ALBANIA Center of Civil Geology Section of Engineering - Geology Rruga. Sani Frasheri" No 31 Tel: 00 355 4 222 59 Fax. 00 355 4 226 530 E-mail: dviini ii alhani jonline. net OPINION On the report: "GEOTECHNICAL VALUATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION SITE OF T.E.C. NEAR NEW PORT OF VLORA (GENERAL PROJECT - IDEA) Author: Eng. Luljeta GJO VREKU Eng. JaniKERO Oponence. Eng. Ylber Muceku Takes part Y. Muceku, F. Sallufi, L. Gjovreku, L. Konomi, M. Kenga, V. Gjoni, E. Rudi. After the refering of the author and the reading of the Oponence were made discutions from the section specialists. According to the opinion of all specialists we propose to the high instances to approved the report as a good work made by the authors. CHEIF OF THE SECTION ENG. YLBER MUCEKU REPUBLIKA E SHQIPERISE MINISTRIA E INDUSTRISE DHE ENERGJITIKES Kabineti Blvd. Deshmoret e Kombit Nr.2 Tel. 355 4 22 76 17 E-mail:postmaster(mepp.Tirana.al Fax: 355 4 23 40 52 Internet: http:/,www.mepp.gov.al Prot. Nr. 161i3 Tirane me i"- 0 2. .2003 Lend Kryerja e matjeve per sigmen e tokes ne zonen e sheshit te TEC-it te ri ne .1< L)\Viare. i BESHKU - Drejtor i Pergjithshem i Sherbimit Gjeollogjik Shqiptar