E959 Volume 3 ELECTRICITY OF VIETNAM POWER COMPANY No 2 RURAL ENERGY 2 PROJECT - PHASE IA IN CAMAU PROVINCE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT (REVISED) Prepared by: PC2 - RURAL ENERGY PROJECT MANAGEMENT BOARD Hochiminh City, December 2003 I A _ 1~~~~~F1FSP Rural Energy 2 Project - phase la: Camau Province December 2003 ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank ASS Acid Sulphate Soils CPC Commune People's Committee DPC District People's Committee DONRE Department of Natural Resources and Environment DOSTE Department of Science, Technology and Environment EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EVN Electricity of Vietnam GDP Gross Domestic Product GOV Government of Vietnam IEE Initial Environment Examination KVA Kilovolt Ampere LV Low Voltage MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MOSTE Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment MV Medium Voltage PAH Project Affected Household PAP Project Affected People PC2 Power Company No.2 PECE Power Engineering and Consulting Enterprise of PC2 PMU Project Management Unit PC People Committee RAP Resettlement Action Plan RE Rural Energy (Project) ROW Right-of-Way T/L Transmission Line VESDEC/EPC Vietnam Environment & Sustainable Institute - Environmental Protection Centre USD United State's Dollar VND Vietnam Dong WB The World Bank Rural Energy 2 Project - phase la: Camau Province December 2003 CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................1 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................5 1.1. Report Objectives .........................................................5 1.2. Methodology Applied in This IEE ........................................................5 2. POLICY. LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ............................. 7 2.1. World Bank Policy on Environmental Assessment ..............................................7 2.2. Vietnamese Policy and Administrative Framework on EA ..................................7 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................. 10 3.1. Project Name and Involved Agencies .............................. ................. 10 3.2. Project Location ................................................ 10 3.3. Basic Content of the Project ............................................... 13 3.4. Project Activities ................................................ 18 4. PRESENT BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS .............................. 19 4. 1. Natuaral Environment of Camau Province ............................................... 19 4.2. Environment and Socio-Economic Conditions at the Districts in the Project Area ......... 27 5. INITIAL EXAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS .........................32 5. 1. Screening for Potential Impacts ......................................................... 32 5.2. Initial Assessment of Impacts Associated with the Pre - Construction Phase32 5.3. Impacts Associated with the Construction Phase . ...................................... 34 5.4 Impacts Associated with the Operation Phase ........................................... 38 5.5. Summary of the Project's Impacts Assessment .......................................... 40 6. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ......................................................... 42 6.1. Alternatives to the Project ............................................. 42 6.2 Alternatives Within the Project ......................................................... 42 6.3 The "No Project" Alternative ......................................................... 42 7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................................... 43 7. 1. Mitigation Measures in the Design and Pre-Construction Phase ................. 43 7.2. Mitigation Measures in the Construction Phase ......................................... 44 7.3. Mitigating Measures in the Operation Phase ............................................. 46 Rural Energy 2 Project - phase la: Camau Province December 2003 7.4. Summary of The Potential Impacts and Possible Mitigation Measures for Negative Impacts .............................................................. 47 7.5. Environmental Monitoring Plan .............................................................. 49 7.6. Capacity Building. 57 7.6. Ciapacity~C ui'ld "in2 " I' l l " " ' .......I............................................. " I ll 7.7. Cost Estimation for EMP Implementation ....................... .......................... 59 7.8. Environment Reporting Requirement ....................................................... 59 7.9. Institutional Framework for Environmental Plan .............. ......................... 59 8. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION ............ 65 8.1. The Need and Benefits of Public Consultation and Information Dissemination .................................................................................................................... 65 8.2. Public Consultation and Information Dissemination During the Pre- Construction Phase ................ ................................. . ............ 65 ANNEXES ............................................................... 69 ANNEX 1: ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING CHECKLIST ................................ 70 ANNEX 2: CHECKLIST FOR ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITIONS ............................................................... 73 ANNEX 3: ENVIRONMENTAL PERMIT FOR THE PROJECT ............................ 75 ANNEX 4: RECORDS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION FOR THE PROJECT ....... 76 ANNEX 5: LIST OF THE REPORT PREPARERS .................................................. 79 ii Rutral Energy 2 Project - phase la: Camait Province December 2003 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Introduction The Rural Energy 2 Project (Phase la) - Rural Electrification for Camau Province (hereafter: the Project) is to distribute electricity to 12 communes of the 5 districts of Camau Province, created better conditions for socio-economic development in the remote rural areas. This Report included an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) aims at identification. prediction and assessment of the potential impacts of the project activities on the nattural environment arnd on socio - economic conditions of the project affected households (PAHs). The report gives also recommendation of a proper Environmental Management Plan (EMP), a process of public consultation and information dissemination. This EIA Report will be used for Project approval and environmental management in all phases of project implementation. 2. Polices, Legal and Administrative framework This EIA Report is prepared based on the Vietnamese legal framework and guidelines, of which the most important documents are: Law on Environmental Protection issued by the order of the National President on 10 January 1994; Government Decree No 175/CP dated 18/10/1994 guiding the implementation of the Law on Environmental Protection; Ministerial Circular No 490/1998/TT-BKHCMMT of MOSTE dated 29/4/1998 guiding EIA preparation and appraisal and the Vietnamese Standards for the Environment issued in 1995. 2000 and 2001. This EIA is prepared based also on the WB guidelines and policies: Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01. BP 4.01. GP 4.01); Natural Habitats (OP 4.04, BP 4.04. GP 4.04): Cultural Property (OPN 11.03); Indigenous Peoples (OD4.20); Involuntary Resettlement (0D4.30) and Information Disclosure (BP 17.50). 3. Scope of the Project The Project includes installation of 837.06 km of distribution lines, of which 339.62 km are medium voltage (MV) lines and 497.44 km are low voltage (LV) lines. Total the substations are 333, which are pole-mountings substation type. This project will upgrade. rehabilitate of powver network for Camau Province to support socio-economic development for people in the 12 communes of 5 districts. The safety right of way (ROW) for the 1 phase, 3 phase MV and LV lines is 4m, 6m and 2m, respectively, from which all housing and other building facilities will be removed and all trees which are higher than 4 m have to be cut. The access roads for construction will be built from the rural roads as required; some parts of transmission lines will go through agricultural land. The total project cost is estimated as 114,761.404 mil VND. Of which 83,811.312 mil VND will come from the World Bank (WB) loans. Rural Energy 2 Project - phase la: Camau Province December 2003 The project period (from the pre-construction to beginning of the operation) is from the end of 2003 to the first half of 2005. The project will be managed by the. Power Company N2 (PC2) of the Electricity of Vietnam (EVN) and its appointed Project Management Board (PMB) for Rural Energy Proj ect. 4. Baseline Data In this report the major characteristics of the natural environment and socio-economic conditions of Camau Province and the districts in the project area are summarized. Due to location in the wetland mangrove or malaleuca forest ecological zones all 12 communes have rich biological resources but they are still poor in economy. All 12 communes in the Project area have some constraints in climate (draught in the dry season and inundation in the high tidal period). in soil quality (high salinity and/or acidity) and in low development of infrastructural facilities. education and health care. In 12 communes belonging to the project there are not natural reserves sites but some of them located nearly by wetland conservation sites in Cai Nuoc. Dam Doi, Nam Can and Tran VanThoi districts. In the project's communes there are some ethnic groups: Kinh is majority (occupied over 97% of total population), others ones: Kh'mer and Hoa (Chinese) are ethnic minorities. 5. Environmental Inipacts The potential impacts on the natural and socio - economic environment may be divided into 3 phases of project implementation. Impact scales may be classified as minor; major, unknown and no impacts. * Impacts in the Pre - Construction Phase Due to clearance of project ROW and substation sites in the pre - construction phase the project may create some impacts on ecological system: effect of vegetation clearing and tree cutting in ROW as all trees of as wvould be higher 4m must be cut down. However. the ROWs have a small area and they will not go though any mangrove and malaleuca forests and natural reserve areas. the impacts on ecological system are assessed as minor and mn itigable. The ROWs do not occupy any area of cultural, religious and historical sites in all communes. Therefore. impacts on these issues are not expected. The most significant impact in the Pre-Construction Phase relates with relocation and resettlement. Total number of the Project Affected Households (PAHs) is 4,480 in which 33 are ethnic minority (Khmer); total area of land in ROW is 76,418 mi; total area of land affected permanently is 63,282 m 2 and total area of land affected temporarily is 13,136 mi2. However. this type of impacts is assessed in a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) Report. prepared by the Project Owner. The War residues (toxic chemicals and explosive materials) are not expected in the present agricultural and residential land in the project area. 2 Ruiral Energy 2 Project - phlase la: Camaui Province December 2003 * Impacts in the Construction Phase During construction of the substations and transmission lines some impacts on the environment are expected: - Air and noise pollution caused by construction machines - Water pollution and change in landscape caused by construction spoil disposal - Water, land. air pollution caused by disposal of wastes from worker's camps - Labour accident caused by insufficient conditions in labour safety. All above expected impacts during the construction phase are assessed as minor and may be wiell mitigated by proper management and technical measures given in the EMP in this report. * Impacts in the Operation Phase In this phase, the impacts mav be created by operation and maintenance activities. They are impacts on biological environment by cutting tree for protection of transmission lines, environmental and health impacts fire hazard and by electric shock. These expected impacts are assessed as nminor and may be mitigated by proper management and technical measures given in the EMP in this report. The project operation may create various induced developrtknt. eg promotion in urbanization, trade, transportation, aquaculture, small industry et. which may produce both negative and positive impacts on the environment. 6. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) EMP includes impact mitigation. monitoring and capacity buildinQ * Mitigation Measures NMitigation measures to reduce the project impacts will be carried out in 3 phases: pre - construction, construction and operation Dzuring the pre - construiction phase, the layout of the lines need to be concurred and cleared by the local authority to minimize the adverse impacts on local socio-economyy. A proper Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) prepared by PC2, based on the policies of GOV and WB, will be implemented to minimize the impacts to PAHs and support PAHs in rehabilitation of their economic activities. In the design phase. the alternatives for each component need -to be considered and selected to ensure they have the lowest impacts on natural ecosystem. The route of ROW will be discussed and agreed with the local authorities and relevant organizations. The substation will be equipped with all necessary protection devices. No transformers with PCB will be used in the project. In the construction phase, mitigation measures include control of soil erosion, disposal of spoil material containing acidic materials, control of air and water pollution; ensure safety regulations in place, health care regulation for workers in camps and other measures. All measures will be included in the bidding documents for works. 3 Rural Energy 2 Project - phase la: Caimai Province December 2003 Dturing the operation phase, mitigation measures include control of ROW maintenance, access road to sensitive areas, control of fire hazards and ensure safety for workers and local residents. Environmental Monitoring Since the Project is categorized as B class Project with very limited impacts to the environment. the environmental monitoring is focused on environmental performance of the construction and implementation of EMP. Contractors and related PMUs. The environmental monitoring will be carried out during construction and operation phases of the Project. Thirteen parameters are developed for monitoring. During construction phase, Contractors will submit their monthly report on application of mitigation measures as specified in EA report and in bidding document. Three parties will actively involve in the environmental monitoring: PMUs of related Project owners (as an internal monitoring): Safeguard Independent Monitoring Consultant- SIMC (as an external monitoring); and Commune's leaders. 7. Public Consultation and Information Dissemination Public consultation and information dissemination are necessarv for this type of project. Public participation for the project was conducted in December 2003 Consullants from PC' have met with representatives of local Government (commune. district. provincial People Committees). environmental management agency (DONRE). local social associations such as the Women Union, Fanner Association etc. and representatives of PAHs in the project area to inform and receive their comments on the project. All of representatives support the project but they require PC? to implement a good RAP and to protect the environment in all 3 phases of the project. In the construction phase PC2 and PMU will continue proper programs on Public Consultation following the Gtiidelines of the WB and GOV. 8. Conclusions From IEE study combining with preparation of EMP it may be concluded that the Rural Energy 2 Project (phase la) in Camau Province will improve electrical service in 12 communes of the province. It will greatly support socio-economic development, poverty alleviation for local people. It also may create some negative impacts on natural environment and socio- economy. However, all expected impacts are short-term and mitigable. PC? and the Camau People Committee will implement all effective measures recommended in the EMP to mitigate the negative impacts, created by the Project and to monitor the proj'ect implementation. 4 Rural Energy 2 Project - plhase la: Camau Province December 2003 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Report Objectives The Vietnam Rural Energy Project (REP2) (Phase la in Camau Province) (hereafter "the Project"). including upgradation, rehabilitation and extension of power network to providing electricity for the remote rural areas in 12 communes of 5 districts (Thoi Binh, Cai Nuoc, Ngoc Hien, Tran Van Thoi, Dam Doi) in Camau Province. This will support development of the socio-economy and poverty alleviation in the province. According to the guideline of the former Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (MOSTE) of Vietnam, the projects in substation and transmission line development are classified as the projects of Class II. For projects of class II, it is not required to have EIA report but the "Registration to Meet the Environment Standards" is needed. However, according to the policies of the World Bank (WB) this type of projects is classified as the project of the Category B, which need to have an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) to be combined to Environment Management Program (EMP). Therefore, this report is prepared following the WB guideline, in order to focus on the following objectives: Generally describe the current environment status of the province/districts, where the project components are located. Identify potential impacts. on the environment of the proposed activities of the project during the pre-construction. construction and operation phases. Screen and initially assess the impacts (in this IEE the negative impacts are main focuses for assessment). Develop an Initial Environmental Management Plan (EMP), including measures for mitigation of the negative impacts and monitoring programs during the pre-construction. construction. and operation phases Propose a process for public consultation and information dissemination for the pfoject. This IEE combinina with EMP will help WB, Vietnam Environment Management Agencies and the Vietnam Energy Company (EVN) to approve and manage the project. 1.2. Methodology Applied in This IEE From the technical aspects and location of the project, it is expected that the impacts of the project on the environment may not be complicated. Therefore,.the method applied in this IEE is mainly based on judgment, checklist, matrix and network. No environmental model is necessary for quantification. After the screening the potential impacts, these impacts were assessed and classified. In this study. the anticipated negative environmental impacts are classified into four categories: -major", "minor", practically "not significant" or "no impact" and 'unknow,vn impacts ". - A "major impact" can change an element of the environment or create a strong environmental modification. Such an impact can strongly affect an environmental 5 Rural Energy 2 Project - phase la: Camau Province December 2003 component and/or on a large group of the population. - A "minor impact" may slightly change value or use of an environmental component and slightly affect on a small group of the population. - Some activities of the project mav not cause evident impacts. In such cases, the assessment will not be detailed but some commentaries will be given. This type of impact is identified as ' not significant'' or practically "no impact". - Some activities of the project may cause some impacts but the magnitude of the impacts can not be predicted. This type of impacts is identified as unknowvn impact". In each type of impacts. there are inegative" and "positive" ones. Beside the 4 categories. each impact may be assessed as "mitigable", "controllable" or "zncontrollable", "local ", temporary ", "short-term " or "long-term ", depending on the intensity and scale of the impact. Based on the impact classification in the Environmental Management Plan different measures will be recommended to mitigate different types of impacts. - No impact and No significant impacts: These impacts do not need to have measures for miitiation. - Mil2o0 impacts: For this type of impacts, the appropriate mieasures for mitigation should be developed. - Major impacts: It is necessary to have more detailed information and quantification of impacts, and measures for mitigation have to be designed more carefully during project preparation and construction. - Unknowvn. impacts: It is necessarv to have further study to know the nature and scale of the impact. 6 Rural Energy 2 Project - phase la: Camau Province December 2003 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 2.1. World Bank Policy on Environmental Assessment The Project is classified as a Category B project and therefore requires the completion EA report. which is consisted of IEE and EMP. The World Bank's policy on conducting EIA is to follow Operational Policy 4.01: Environmental Assessment (January, 1999). This describes guidance on Bank's policies and procedures for conducting environmental assessments of proposed projects. Additional World Bank policies that were considered through the EA process for this project include: - OP 4. 01 Environmental .4ssessment - OP 4.04 Natuiral Habitats - OP 4. 11 Cultural Property - BP 17.50 Public Disclosiare Detailed guidance on assessment methodologies and common impacts associated with transmission projects are found in: - TWor-ld Bank-, 1991. Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Vollume 3 - Wor-ld Bank Operational Policies, 1993, 1995, 1999 - IFC, 1998. Environnmenital, Health, and Safety Gutidelines on Electric Powver Transmission and Distribution. 2.2. Vietnamese Policy and Administrative Framework on Environmental Assessment . Vietnamese Policy Framework Vietnaini's most relevant environmental policies for environmental assessment are: Lawt oni Enzvirozinmental Protection (LEf) was enacted in January 1994 The LEP: - Identifies the responsibilities of the state centre, provinces, organizations and individuals to prevent and remedy environmental deterioration and pollution and carry out specified environmental protection functions; - Provides for the development of environmental standards and submission of environmental impact assessment reports on new and existing facilities; - Provides for responsible parties to pay compensation for environmental damage; - Establishes the right of individuals and organizations to petition for enforcement of environmental regulations; - Calls for civil and criminal penalties for violations; and - Encourages international environmental co-operation. Decree 1 75/CP was promulgated in October 18, 1994 by the Government to guide implementation of the LEP and provides broad guidelines for division of responsibility 7 Rutral Energy 2 Project - phase la: Camau Provi'nce December 2003 among Ministries; environmental impact assessments; pollution prevention and disaster control: sources of finance; and environmental inspections and standards. Circzular No. 490 was promulgated in April 29 1998 by the Ministry of Science. Technology and Environment (MOSTE) to provide guidance on setting up and appraising environmental impact assessment reports for investment projects. The Circular identifies the legal requirements according to the stages of implementation of a project and its category; defines the content of project subject to the EIA procedures; and specifies management of the EIA report appraisal. To supplement the above key environmental assessment policies, there are a large range of laws. decisions, regulations. and standards may also be considered: LamL on Forest Protection (1992), this law regulates forest management, protection. development, and exploitation, prevention of wood-cutting, and forest destruction. It also encourages individuals and organizations to protect and develop forests. Decree 54119991WD-CP specifies guidance on the protection of high-voltage networks. Decree 7011987-HDBT specifies safety casements of high-voltage transmission lines. Decree 24/20001ND-CP specifies the implementation on the Law on Foreign Investment in Vietnam (Article 82) concerning environmental protection as follows: 1) enterprises with foreign investment capital and joint ventures are obligated to observe regulations. satisf\ standards in environment protection. and comply with Vietnam legislation on environment protection; 2) if investors apply international advanced environmental standards these standards should be registered with MOSTE. Decree 52/1999./ND-CP w,as appended to include environmental considerations for construction management as folloxvs: 1) for PFS, Provision 3 of Article 23 stipulates that requiremiients for environment study relating to the "selection of construction sites. estimation of land use area needed, in ways which comply to the principle of minimizing land use and environmental and social impacts. and resettlement to the lowest possible level". 2) Provisions 4 and 7 of Article 24 stipulate that FS must propose "specific site options (or regions, routes) which much match with construction plans (including docuLmlents on site selection, together with proposed solutions for minimizing environmental and social impacts)", and "architectural alternatives, construction solutions. preliminary designs suggested for selection, environment management and protection solutions". 3). For technical design: Section B, Provision 1, Article 37 and Section A. Provision 2, Article 38. contain regulations on appraisal and approval of "techniqlues for the protection of environment and ecology; for prevention and combating of explosion and fire and for occupational safety and industrial sanitation." Decree 26/1996/CP provides regulations on the punishment of administrative violation of Environmental Protection Law. Chapter 1 describes the general provisions for punishment under the Environment Protection Law. Chapter 2, Article 6 details recommended punishments for parties who violate environmental pollution and prevention act. These punishments include financial penalties for not submitting an EIA report. Vietnam Standards for the Environment (TCVN) are national standards established by MOSTE in 1995, 2000 and 2001 and applied to all government agencies. They include 8 Rural Energy 2 Project - phase Ill: Camait Province December 2003 engineering, construction, scientific, and environmental standards. TCVN environmental standards include acceptable limits of many air, noise, and water quality parameters. In general the list of biophysical parameters are broad enough such that most monitoring programmes can employ TCVN standards as metrics of evaluation. There. are some exceptions - for example. sediment, soil, and vibration standards do not yet exist. In these cases, it is common practice for ODA projects to use standards from other countries or international organisations. 18 TCN-03-92 provides standards for safety clearances for 500 KV Electrical Equipment Installation Standards. Section 1 of this policy states numerous requirements. For example, trees outside of the ROW must have two meters clearance between conductors and trees. and the clearance betwveen top of the trees and conductors in the ROW must not be less than six meters. 11 TCN-1984 sets the standard for minimum clearance between live parts of a line and trees. Trees outside of ROW must ensure two meters of clearance between conductors and tree parts. The clearance betveen top of the trees and conductors in the ROW must not be less than six meters. The ROW identified by two parallel planes is seven meters from the outer conductors when they are vertical and not less than two meters when conductors are at maxiinum swing anale. * Vietnamese Administrative Framework The Government of Vietnam is in the process of creating a new administrative framework for environmental management. For the Additional Works Project, the framework's relevant institutes are as follows: A'finistrvi of A-autwti al Resouri-ces a7nd Environment (iVONRE). MONRE wvas established by a Prime Ministerial Decision on November 11. 2002. This new ministry includes four vice-ministers. 16 departments. one newspaper, and one magazine. MONRE merges numerous departments from several national agencies. These are outlined in Decree 91 '2002/ND-CP: Providing for the fiinctions, duities, powkers and organisational struictu-re of the Mfinistrl of Natuircal Resouirces and the Environment. Environmental Impact Assessment and Appraisal Department. This Department is tinder MONRE. According to Decree 91/2002/ND-CP. the Department's function includes: To appraise environmenztal impact assessment reports of projects and of bulsiness and production establishments. Environmental Impact Assessment and Appraisal Department is guided bv the Vietnam's established regulatory framework: i.e. LEP, Circular 490. CP 175. etc. Pr-ovincial Departments of iVatutral Resoulrces and Environm'ent (DONRE). Each provincial DONRE houses an Environmental Management Division (EMD). The EMD is responsible for ensuring environmental protection and management of provincial matters in accordance wvith LEP. Decree 175, and Circular 490. Hence, it is DONRE - and in particular. its EMD - that wvill likely play a key regulatory role during project construction and operation. 9 Ruiral Energy 2 Project - phase la: Cltmau Province December 2003 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3.1. Project Name and Involved Agencies Project Name: Rural Energy 2 Project (phase la) in Camau Province. Investor: The Power Company No.2 (PC2) and; Camau Provincial People's Committee Consulting Company: The Power Engineering Consulting Enterprise (PECE) 3.2. Project Location - The development of substation and transmission lines in the framework of the project will be done in 12 communes belonging to 5 districts in Camau - a province in the Southern Mekong Delta. The characteristics of the natural and socio-economic conditions of the area. where the project is located, are summarized in Section 4. Name and area of the communes are given in Table 3.1. The location of 12 communes in Camau Province is shown in Table 3. 1 and Figures 3.2 Table 3.1: Locatio,i anid cirea of the Project's commnnes Area of Area of District Commune Natural Land Cultivated Land (ha) (ha) Tan Loc Dong 4,064 3,422 Tan Loc 2. 7 62 2.556 Thoi Binh District TaniLoc 2.3 2560 Thoi Binh 5.803 5.600 Tan Phu 8,681 8,584 Tran Van Thoi District Khanh Binh 3.474 2,402 Viet Thang 3,658 2.946 Cai Nuoc District Tan Hung 5,260 4,233 Phu Huna 4.159 3,816 Ta An Khuong Dong 4.449 3,040 Dam Doi District Quach Pham 3,380 3,056 Tam Giang Dong 6,043'- 3,363 Ngoc Hien Districtl Tan An Tay 10.488 3,275 Source: The Powl er Engineering Consullting Entep7rise, PC2, 2003 10 RaIdEergy2Rmoua-pkrsela: Cuiu IProti, ILece,put2W i ' h j~~~ .-t- - -~ - § ~ I4 zs % . I P t (H"I At -¢ s 8~ ~ ~ - -~-- -- i r 2 5No' w ~~~. -rrg -= 3as . .~Fgw 3.1.} oCamino au w Provinc in V' n 11 lk C,-'N r.K, 46 -46 O-j.! L pb 1- CAJ 'tam Gbeg Doft v 00. 4k. 1-igure 3. Location communes of the pro_jerr 12 Rural Energy 2 Project - phase la: C(amaj Province December 2003 3.3. Basic Content of the Project 3.3.1. State of Electrical Resourrces At present. electricity provided for Camau Province is supplied by the transmission line 110 kV from Tranoc - Cantho - Soctrang - Baclieu to Camau. 12 communes of the project area obtain electricity from stations: Camau station 110/35/22kV-2x4OMVA, Cai Tau station 35/22kV-2x6.3MVA, Dam Doi station 35/22kV-2x6,3MVA, Tran Van Thoi station 35/22kV-2x6.3NMVA, Nam Can station 35/22kV-lx6,3+1x4MVA and Cai Nuoc 3 5/22kV-2x6,3MVA. These communes have Medium Voltage (MV) and Low Voltage (LV) framework. However. the transmission lines and substations are degraded and power transmission capacity is loxv. Therefore. a lot of households can not use electricity in domestic and production activities. Table 3.2 describes the present MV and LV lines in the area of the project. 3.3.2. Projects Miain Techlnical Featuires The project is proposed for supplying the electricitv to 12 communes of 5 districts in Camaau Province in the period 2002 to 2005. The technical features of the project are summarized as follows: * Lines Length - MViediumn Voltage Liuies 339.62 Rehabilitation of the MAedlian Voltage Lines: 34.0 km In which: - 1 phase MV -AC50 to 2AC.A50+2AC50: 4.5 km - I phase MN 'AC50 to 3AC.A70+2AC50: 10.8 km - 1 phase MV 2AC50 to 3AC.A95+2AC50: 18.7 km Butilding newv 3 phases .IMediuim Voltage Lines. 35. 1l5 km In which: - 3 phase MV 3AC.A70+2AC50: 25.9 km - 3 phase MV 3AC.A95+2AC50: 9.3 km Building new 1 phases Medium Voltage Lines:- 270.4 7 km In which: - 1 phase MV 2AC.A50: 270,47 km - 1 phase MV 2AC.A70: 0.0 km 13 Riural Entergy 2 Project - phase Iat: Ctiitiaii Provinzce Decenlbher 2003 Table 3.2: Existinig Lengith (anid Nutmber of Stationi int 12 Commin ttines of/lhe Project iii C(mau Prov'ince Existing Medium Voltage Line Existing Low Voltage Line Comnm iu ne Priniary Station 3 phase I phase Total N uliCbeI of Capacity Mixed Indepeilendent Total MV MV (kini) sUbstation (IVA) LW LW (kin) (kini) (kinl) (kini) (numiiber) (kini) Tan Loc Dong CaI'tILu 11.6 12.42 24.02 1 9 385 9.25 8.82 1 8,07 TFainloc CaitaLn 5.35 6.2 CaitauL5 11.55 11 375 21.35 20.34 41,69 Thoi Binh Caitau 9.3 9.3 18.6 28 1.250 14.40 8.40 22,80 Tan Phu Caitaui 10.04 14.28 24.32 25 825 19.29 17.35 36,64 Khanh Binh Trani Van1 Thoi 10.20 9.53 19.72 16 345 9.53 6.28 15,81 Viet Thang Nami Can 6.14 10.67 16.80 11 200 15.07 15,07 Tan Hung Cai Nuoc 7.71 7.23 14.94 10 300 12.80 0.20 13,00 Phu HFung Cainau 21.00 4.02 25.02 15 490 21.27 21,27 Ta An Khuong Dong Camau 11.01 27.59 38.60 32 650 35.94 9.32 45,26 Quacli Phamn CaM11auL 6.33 21.47 27.80 27 753 24.05 9.60 33,65 Tain Giang Dong Nai Can 1.62 21.25 22.86 17 395 21.67 3.94 43,36 Tan An Tay Nam Can 10.28 25.48 36.30 24 575 19.28 8.82 28,10 Source: T1e Power Enigineerin7g Consulting EnterIprise, PC2, 2003 14 Rural Energy 2 Project - phlase la: Caniaui Province December 2003 - Buiilding New Low Voltage Lines 497.44 km In which: - I phase mixed LV 2AV50: 244.15 km - 3 phase mixed LV 3AV50: 4.80 km - 1 phase independent 2AV50+AC.A50: 24619 km - I phase independent 3AV50+AC.A50: 1.60 km * Substations 333 new substations wvith total capacity are 6,617.5 KVA will be installed in the framewvork of the Project. In which: Substation 3 x 1l5kAV: 4/180 kAV Substation I x l5kAV: 180/2,7000 kAV Substation 1 x2l5AV: 148/3.700 kAV Substation lx37.5kAV: 1/37.5 kAV 3.3.3. Project 's Socio-Econiomyiic Objectives The project is targeted to: - Rehabilitate and improve the current electrify framework - Increase electrical ratio in the area's project from 43.2% (in 2002) to 81% (in 2005) - Supply electricity for development of the main economic sectors of Camau Province. especially. aquaculture and small industries. - Supply electricity to help rural people in poverty alleviation. - Promote ability in management lowv electricity of local management - Improve education. culture and health care for local people. - Meet the increased demands in electricity supply of the province in the coming years. 3.3.4. Socio-Ecoionoic Beitefits of the Project The project xwill play an important role for assuring "Action Program of the Electricitv of Vietnam'' that bv the year 2005. 100% of rural and mountairious communes wvill be electrified and 80% of their population will be demand in electric'al supply. The project will satisfy the electricity requirement of the 12 communes of 5 districts in Camau Province in the period 2003-2010. Electric source will be provided by this project is: - In 2003 - 2005 Stage: 35 kWh/household/month - In 2005- 2010 Stage: 40 kWh/household/month - In 2010 - 2015 Stage: 45 kWh/household/month 15 Riirtil Energy 2 Project - ph/se la: Cinwai Province December 2003 This mav contribute in solution of electrical demand of project area and implementation of provincial poverty alleviation program. This will strongly promote economic development in the rural area of Camau Province. Therefore. the socio-economic benefits of the project are great. 3.3.5. Cost of the Project Total Project cost included cost for equipment, poles erection, and other costs for improvement. upgrading and installation of the power network of Camau province as followvs: Ta-ble 3.3: Estinmated cost of the project Component Domestic IDA Total _ Capital (VND) (VND) (VND) 1. MV'framewvork Total basic costs 7.818.808.807 34,373,706,179 42,192,514,986 Total costs 11.521,167.949 39.592.762.105 5 1.050930.054 2. L TV firameworkh Total basic costs 14.565D090,646 38.D505.695.384 53.070,786.03 1 Total costs 19.428.924,506 44,281.549.692 63,710.474.199 3. Total Costs of Project 30,950,092,455 83,811,311,789 114,761,404,253 1USD = 15.600 VND (in December. 2003) Sozirce. Tlhe Powt er Enzgineering Coniszulting Enterprise, PC2, 2003 Capital souirces: - PC2's fuinds: 51.050.930.054 VND - Domestic capital: 11.521.167.949 VND - WB's loans: 39.592.762.105 VND - Local loans: 54.790.844.199 VND - Domestic capital: 10.509.294.506 VND - WB's loans: 44.281.549.692 VND - Capital contributed by population: 8.919.630.000 VND 3.3.6. Proposed Implementing Schedule The project is planned to be implemented in the period 2002 - 2005 Progress of the Project is showed in Table 3.4 16 Rutral Eniergy 2 Project - phause la: Coamnan(( Province December 2003 Table 3.4: Progress of tle lroject Tasks 2003 2004 2005 _ 9 0 11 I1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1() I I I 2) 2 3 4 Establishing Feasibility Study Repor-t Reviewing Feasibility Study Report _ Investigating Technical - Constlructive Desigin _ _ _ _ Reviewing Technical - Constlructive Design - _ = = _ Establishing Contracted lFile ol' the Plroject Making Tender for Project Construction Compensation and Resettlement _ _ _ - _ Constructioni - __ _ _ Checking and Taking Over the P'roject StLmii-niig upl Source: The Power Engineering Consulting Enterprise 17 RIural Energy 2 Project - phase lIa: Camau Province December 2003 3.4. Project Activities The following activities of the project wvill be carried out: 3.4.1. In the Pre-Con)strulctioni Phlase The safe corridor will have a w idth of 4.0 m for installation of MV transmission lines and 2.0 m for LV transmission line. Vertical distance from the lines to top of trees is not less than 2 m. Therefore. in the pre - construction phase at the designed safe corridor of the right of way (ROW) all 4 m - higher trees and all wooden trees in the corridor will be cut. To clear the safe corridor all houses, shops. building facilities located in the safety distance should be removed partly or fully. Some areas of agricultural, aquaculture and residential lands will be used for construction of transmission lines and substations. According to a calculation of PC2, total area of land temporarily and permanently used for the corridor is 76.418 mi. According to results of the field surveys conducted by PC2 in 2003, no part of the natural forests and protected areas and nor any historical, cultural, religious sites are located the designed ROW. 3.4.2. In the Conistructioni Plitise Along ROW various poles in each commune wvill be erected. Substations will be installed on some poles. To erect poles some construction activities will be done: excavating a hole with 2000 mm in depth. 1700 mm in width for fixing MV poles in ground; disposal of waste excavated earth: transport of construction materials and poles. ROW in most of communes is designed along the existing roadsides to minimize encroachmiient onto protected natural. historical sites. residential and agricultural land and to easily supply electricitx for hotiseholds. The electric lines will be installed on the erected poles or in the excavated ditch. To rehabilitate and construct the MV lines various construction machines will be used and hundreds wvorkers will participate in the project's activities during the construction phase. 3.4.3. In the Operationi Plhase In this phase cutting trees encroached to the safe distance of the ROW wvill be done: maintaining poles and substations will be regularly carried out. - From the above describe activities and the characteristics of the environment (Section 4) the project may not create serious (major) impacts but various minor ones on the natural and socio-economic environment are expected (Section 5). 18 Rural Energy 2 Project - phase Ii: Cantna Provinice December 2003 4. PRESENT BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS The project area includes 12 communes in 5 districts: Thoi Binh, Tran Van Thoi, Dam Doi, Cai Nuoc and Ngoc Hien of Camau Province (Table 3. 1, Section 3). The major natural environment and socio-economic conditions of the province and districts are specified as follow-s. 4.1. Natuaral Environment of Camau Province 4. l. . Location Camau Province is re-established in January 01, 1997 from the former Minhhai Province. The province has an area of 5,211 km2 located in the latitude-of 8030 - 9010N and longtitude of 104080 - 10505 E. It has a border with the provinces of Kiengiang at the North. Baclieu at the East. the East Sea (the South China Sea) at the South and the Gulf of Thailand at the West (Figpre 3. 1, Section 3). 4.1.2. Topography Camau has topography of flat lowland with average elevation of 0.2-1.0 m. A great of its area is inundated bv tide from the East Seas (the South China Sea) and the Gulf of Thailand. and from the dense river network. This condition created a wide wetland ecological area wvith a distinct mangrove forest ecosystem. in the Southern districts of Ngoc Hien. Darn Doi. Cai Nuoc and a typical melaleuca forest ecosystem in the districts of Tran Van Thoi. Thoi Binh. Annually. wvith a great sedimentation the length of the top of the Camau peninsula at Datmui (Ngoc Hien Districts) may extent to 30-40 m to the Sea. 4.1.3. Climrate Camau Province has a sub-equatorial tropical climate with 2 djtinct seasons. The dry season with dominant E-NE wind. lasts from December to April next year. The rainy season with dominant W-SW wind lasts from May to November. Camau has highest rainfall in the Mekong Delta. In the rainy season rainfall occupies over 80% of the average annual rainfall of '.360 mm. Rainfall unequally distribute not only in the months but also at the spaces: it is highest at the Western part (1.600-2.400 mm), and lowest at the Eastern part of the province (1,450-1,550 mm). Average annual temperature is 26.5(C with maximum of 38.30C in April - May and minimum of I 5.30C in December - January. During the recent years climate in Camau has some changes in air temperature, humidity rainfall and sunny hours (Table 4. 1). Table 4.1: Clh(lnge in cliniate in Camlrati Province (1996-2000) Parameter 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Average annual temperature (°C) 26.9 27.2 27.9 27.0 27.3 Average annual relative humidity (%) 83.8 83.3 8K2 83.6 82.8 Average annual sunny hours (h) 1,960 2,223 2.232 1,918 2,019 Average annual rainfall (mm) 2,771 2,548 2.596 3,459 2,630 Source. DOSTE Catnau, June 2002 19 Ruiral Energy 2 Project - phtase la: Camait Province December 2003 4.1.4. Hydrology Camau has a dense canal and river network, connecting the East Sea to the Gulf of Thailand and commune to other communes. The major rivers are Trem (in districts of U Minh. Thoi Binh). Ongdoc (in Tran Van Thoi), Dongcung, Bayhap (in Cai Nuoc). Ganhhao (in Dam Doi). Cualon-Bode (in Ngoc Hien) and Dam Doi (in Dam Doi). Total length of all rivers and canals is over 1,000 km. Due to location in flat, low land with dense river and canal system connecting to the seas most of area of the province is strongly' affected by tides from the Sea. Tide from the East Sea is stronger than one from the Gulf of Thailand. With regular tidal influence, 5-6 decades ago, most of the area of Camau was covered by vwell-developed mangrove and melaleuca forests. 4.1.5. Soils Camau Peninsula was newly formulated by interaction between sedimentation and sea in the last 6,000 years. Therefore, the major soils in the province relate with saline, and acid sulphates. In the province there are 4 main soil groups: - Acicl suilphate soils (ASS) occupied 334.925 ha (64.27% total provincial area) mainly in districts of U Mfinh. Thoi Binh, Tran Van Thoi and Cai Nuoc. Some communes of the project are located in ASS area: 4 communes in Thoi Binh District. Khanh Binh in Tran Van Thoi District and Phu Hung in Cai Nuoc District. This type of soils includes potential ASS and actual ASS. Potential ASS w ith high organic and nitrogen components and neutral pH is suitable for rice, sugar cane caltivation. Actual ASS has low fertility and lows pH. which may cause constraint for agriculture. - Saline soils occupied 150.278 ha (28.84% of the total area), in which 82.351 ha is moclerate saline. 57.987 ha is low saline and the remaining is high saline and mangrove saline soils. Saline soils distribute mainly in Dam Doi. Cai Nuoc. Ngoc Hien clistricts. The project's communes located in saline soil area are Ta An Khuong Dong. Quach Pham (Dam Doi District). Tan Hung. Viet Thang (Cai Nuoc District). Tam Giang Dong. Tan An Tay (Ngoc Hien District). Saline snils are not suitable for agriculture but good for development of mangrove forest and saline aquaculture. - Peat soils occupied 10,564 ha (2.03% of the total area) mainly in the U Minh melaleuca forest (Tran Van Thoi and U Minh districts). This type of soils has high organic and nutrient coiuponents. high fertility, which support to develop melaleuca forest and agriculture. However. in the recent years a large area of peat soils w. as burn. created acidity and reduced fertility of the soils. Peat soils are found in Khanh Binh and Tan Hung communes in the project area. - Sediment soils occupied 9,057 ha (1,82% of the total area) mainly in districts of Ngoc Hien (7,632 ha) and Cai Nuoc (1,875 ha). This type of soils is formulated by sediment settlement at the coastal line therefore it has high salinity, suitable for mangrove forest and shrimip cultural development. In the project area sediment soils are widely found in Tam Giang Dong and Tan An Tay communes. Area of sediment soils is continuously increased due to a rapid extension of the coastal line at the top of Camau peninsula with 30-40 m/year. 20 Rutral Energy 2 Project - ph/ise la: Camaul Provinice December 2003 4.1.6. WVater Quiality Due to great influence of seawater, salinitv is main factor in water quality of all rivers and canals in the province. Salinity varies from river to river and from site to site at each river and from month to month. In the dry season (March) salinity at the river mouth of all rivern varies from 28.40/0o - 29.9 40b/,, (at Tan An Tay. Tam Giang Dong communes in Ngoc Hien District); at inland area sanility of the rivers is 15-210/oo (the Trem River at Thoi Binhn) and 15-200/oo at Tan Loc communes. In the rainy season salinitv is significantly reduced: at the Trem river salinity is 24.50/00 in March but it is only 1*~c.7o in September (Table 4.2). High salinity causes a great constraint for irrigation and domestic water supply but may be suitable for saline water aquaculture. Naturally. wvater tturbidity and pH value of rives, canals in the project's commune depend greatly on the location and seasons. In the dry season suspended solids (SS), turbidity is low (SS = 10-15 mg/L) and pH is neutral (6.5-8.0) in all communes. In the rainy season SS. turbidity are increased (SS = 50-150 mg/L) in all communes: pH is normally neutral. but in the beginning of the rainy season (May. June) pH of canals in Thoi Binh. Tan Phu. Tan Loc is low (4.5-5.0) due to leakage of acidic materials from ASS. Wfater polluition caused by human activities is evident in the ris,ers and canals in the project communes: - Orgainic pollzitioni of the most of the rivers is high with DO of 2.5-5.5 m_/L, BOD of 5-10 mgL. which exceed the Vietnamese Standards for Water Source A (TCVN 5942-1995 for Water Source A). particularly at the dense populated areas BOD values are up to 15- 28 rng/L. - Bacteriological polliution at some sites is serious: at Kingxang. Chacbang canals at Thoi Binh. colifonn bacteria is 24.000 MNP/100mL or 2.4 times higher the Vietnamese Standard for Surface Water (TCVN 5942-1995). However, at various rivers (Trem at Thoi Binh. Bav Hap at Cai Nruoc) bacteriological pollution is still low (colifonn bacteria are only 9 - 4.600 NMfNP/100rnL or still meet the Vietnamese Standard). Concentration of iron (Fe) in all rivers and canals in the project's area is high (1.4 - 23.7 mg/L) due to leakage of run-off water from acid sulphate soils areas. Water pollution caused by hazardous compounds. e.g heavy metals and/or pesticides in rivers of Camau is still low. which meet the Vietnamese Standard for drinking wvater., Data on surface water quality in Camau province and the project's communes are shown in Table 4.2 4.1. 7. Grouni dlwater quiality According to DOSTE Camau province, in general, at present. groundwater quality in a large part of Camau Province is good. meeting the Vietnamese Standard for groundwater (TCVN 5943-1995). Howxever, salinity and/or acidity are problems at some places. Additionally. with the impacts of leakage of domestic and animal wastes various wells is polluted by bacteria . There are not sufficient data on ground water quality at the project's communes. 21 Rutral Energy 2 Project - phiase la: Catinia Provinice D)ecemnber 2003 Table 4.2: Water Quialiij' of larioius Ribvers in som5/e PIroject's Districts anld Conittniuies Location Date p1)0 DO Salinity BOD Fe Coliforin (iiig/L) (mng/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (MNP/100inL) 13ayhap River at Cai Nuoc District Mar 2002 7.75 2.6 31.2 18 13.2 23 - At moulll Sep) 2002 6.73 3.2 28.1 1 5 15.5 240 Mar 2002 68() 3.5 15.5 15 8.30 2,400 At Dongung Sep1 2002 6.50 4.5 10.2 1 2 5.70 1,1(0 - At Tan I HUng COImmIIUIne Dec 2003 6.85 5.2 8.5 10 3.50 2,400 * Ongdoc River Mar 2002 7.90 3.94 28.4 25 1.4 43 - At mouth Sep 2002 6.77 5.10 9.70 20 1.2 150 Mar 2002 7.41 8.25 21.40 22 1.4 90 - At Tran Van Tlhoi Town Sep 2002 6.37 3.30 2.50 15 0.9 240 - At Khanh Binh Dec 2003 7.20 Quanlo - Phunghiep canal (at Tan Loc Mar 2002 6.85 2.5 15.5 28 1.2 46,000 Dong commune) Sep 2002 5.75 3.5 4.5 17 0.8 11,000 Apr 2003 4.90 3.8 12.5 12 2.5 4,600 Songtrem River (at thoi Binill commiune) Oct 2003 7.20 4.5 3.5 5 1.8 1,100 Bode River (at Tam Giang Dong Dec 2003 7.50 5.5 28.5 8 2.5 240 commune) Vietnamese Standard (TCVN 5942- 6.5- 6.0 4 1.0 5,000 1995) Water Soutice A 8.0 Source. DOSTE of Camanz, 2002 and VESDEC, 2003 22 Rural Energy 2 Project - p/hase 1a: Camau Province December 2003 4.1.8. Air Quality and Noise Polluition Most of the area of Camau Province is rural. Area of towns and industry are small, road transport is not developed. Therefore, at present, air pollution is not a problem in Camau Province as well as in the project's communes. According to data of the air quality monitoring of DOSTE Camau. concentrations of all air pollutants at all towns and districts still meet the permissible levels of the Vietnamese Standard for Ambient Air Quality (TCVN 5937-1995). Only dust (TSS) content in the air in district's townlets (Dam Doi) sometime is higher than the Standard (Table 4.3). Table 4.3: Air qutality anzd noise at some sites at the districts in tlhe project's area, March 2002 Location of monitorinc sites TSS 3 NO, S co 3 Noise (mg/rmn) (mgl/mr) (mg/rn3) (mg/rn) (dBA) 1. Thoi Binh Tonnlet 0.13 0.05 0.05 ND 60-70 2. Sugar Plant at Thoi Binh 0.03 0.06 ND ND 60-75 3. Tran Van Thoi Townlet 0.06 0.02 0.1 2.0 67-70 4. Cai Nuoc Tovnlet 0.10 0.012 0.1 0 64-67 5. Ngoc Hien Townlet 0.12 0.02 0.1 __ 66-70 6. Dam Doi Townlet 0.33 0.02 0.2 0 56-60 Vietnamese Standard 03 .0 05 07 (TCVN 5937-199 5) 00 0.40 0.50 40 70 Source. DOSTE Camnat. 2002 From Tahle 4.3 it is clear that, beside of dust. noise pollution is not evidently found at the center of the to%%nlet in the project's area where traffic is dense. 4.1.9. Biological Resouirces Located in a large wvetland area. Camau Province has high biodiversitv in terrestrial and aqLiatic ecosystems. In the province 3 major ecosystems are identified: mangrove ecosystem. inland wetland (melaleuca forest) ecosystem and estuarine ecosystem. Area and quality of mangrove and melaleuca forests of Camau are largest and best in Vietnam. * N1angrove Ecosvstem This ecos-stem plays vital roles in protection of habitat for aquatic animals, support of sedimentation. control of soil erosion, clean up water pollution. reduction of waves and regulaltion of climate. Mangrove ecosystem occur in the districts of Ngoc Hien, Dam Doi. Cai Nuoc and Tran Van Thoi where are strongly affected by tide and sedimentation. The area of mangrove forest in the province is about 60,000 ha which is the largest in Vietnam but it is mainly replanted one. In Camau mangrove forest 93 species of vegetation with the dominant species of Rhizophora, I vicennia, Sonneratia, Aegiceras._ 6 species of amphobians, 34 species of reptiles, 124 species of birds and 28 species of mammal animals are identified. Some of them b-elong to the Rare or Endangered species listed in the Vietnam Red Data Book (Pelecanus onocrotal zs, Ibis 23 Rural Energy 2 Project - phase la: Camatu Province December 2003 leutcophallus, Leptoptilos dubiius (bird), Lzztra lutra (mammal); however they are observed in the Namcan Mangrove Conservation site only.. Of the 12 communes in the project area the following ones still have mangrove forests: Tam Giang Dong. Tan An Tay (in Ngoc Hien District), Viet Thang (Cai Nuoc District) and Quach Pham (Dam Doi District). Mangrove forest in Tam Giang Dong and Tan An Tay are rich but in Quach Pham and Viet Thang are poor. There are not conservation sites in these communes. * Inland Wetland Ecosvstem (Melaleuca Forest Ecosystem) Inland wetland ecosystem with dominant melaleuca forest is typical terrestrial ecosystem in the Northwestern part of Camau Province. Melaleuca forests play important roles in soil stability. regulation of hydrological regime, prevention of aciditication, storage of water for domestic and irrigation and conservation of biodiversitv. Melaleuca forests are well developed on the peat soils and ASS in U Nlinh. Thoi Binh. and Tran Van Thoi districts. In the past. area of melaleuca forests in Camau was over 100,000 ha. At present, area of melaleuca forests is onlyv 37,100 ha. The largest melaleuca forests are are Vodoi (at Tran Van Thoi districts) and U MNIinh (at U Minh district). Vodoi and U Minh are not located in the project's communes. The province has a plan to expand area of Vodoi melaleuca forest from 3.755 ha to 10,600 ha bv 2010. NIelaleuca forests are vulnerable to impacts from human activities: they are easily burn by fire and died by drought or long-term inundation. In 2001 thousands ha of melaleuca forests in Camau were burn. In Vodoi Mlelaleuca Forest 129 vegetation species of 36 families; 12 amphobians. 32 reptiles, 95 birds and 2 1 mammal species were identified. Some of wvild animals listed in the Vietnam Red Data Book are: Leptotilos dutbizs, Phalacrocorax carbo, Ciconia episcoputs (birds). Felis chcIzcs, Luttrca lultrac (mammals). Of 12 communes in the project area there are 6 communes wvhere melaleuca forests grow: Tan Phu. Tan Loc. Thoi Binh, Tan Loc Dong (Thoi Binh District), Khanh binh (Tran Van Thoi District) and Tan Hung (Cai Nuoc District). However. melaleuca forests in all communes are poor. There are not conservation o4tes in the project 's coinmnutnes. * Natural Conservation Sites In Camau Province there are 1 National Park (Vodoi Melaleuca Forest at Tran Hoi and Khanh An commuLnes. 3.394 ha). Nam Can NMangrove Forest (at Vien An. 4,472 ha). 2 Bird Sanctuaries at Dam Doi (at Tan Duyet communes, 129 ha) and Cai Nuoc (at Dong Thoi commune, 29 ha). There acre not conservcation sites.in the 12 project s commnulnnes (Figutre 3.3). 4.1.10. Socio-Economic Condlitions * Present Socio-economic Conditions - EcoInomyJ Camau Province has an area of 5210,8 km2, population of 1.245,000 inhabitants (2002), population density of 240 person/km2, annual population growth rate of 2.15% (1992-2000) and 1.80% (2000-2002). In the province, there are 20 ethnic groups. in w\hich Kinh occupy 97.16%; Khmers 1.86%, Chinese 0.95% of thetotal population. 24 F9re LOCATION OF PROJECT/KHU VUJC DUtAN CA MAU PROVINCE/TINH CA MAU Thanh Tri ~T~nPhOli &!~An hiN id ' -Thdi Binh . 1110T Wh ~- VihLd1 | } sha~~~~Khn%li $}Vn L ~Binh - << T.~~a A ^ anHung Khu Lrong Dong Cha La bird sanctu ary W 'm D/q L dri i uui uir u '--:.I I _:LIJf -- - am Giang Dong { I50 and bacteria) primary schools - Air quality: good. no pollution, meeting - Healthcare. Limitation in medical the Vietnamese Standard service - Biological re.sources: Typical mangrove - Historical/cultural Conservation site: no ecosystem: forest area: >20,000 ha. - Plan to 2010 Conservation site: Nam Can (4.472 ha) at Vienan commune. Over 90 vegetation Annual GDP growth rate: 9 - 12%/year; species, 6 amphibiams, 18 reptile, 41 increase of industry (development of Nam bird. 15 mammal species in this site. Can Industrial Park 200-300 ha); In tprotection of mangrove forest; In the project communes (Tam Giang development of Nam Can Town; increase Don; and Tan An Tay) there is not of electricity: 15-19%/year conservation site. 28 Rural Energy 2 Project - pharse la: Camai Province December 2003 Table 4.6: Summary of Environmental and Socio-Economic Conditions of Cai Nuoc District and Viet Thang, Tan Hung, Phi Hung communes Natural Environment Socio-Economy - Climate. similar to Dam Doi and - Poputlation (inhabitant. 2002) Nam Can Districts District: 155,500 - I.'drologv: coast line 18 km at the Commune: Tan Hung: 14,829; Phu Hung: Gulf of Thailand. Dense river and 10,355; Viet Thang: 9,250 canal network. The main rivers: Dongcung. Bavhap: canals: Caidoi, - Ethnic groups: Kinh (96.5%), Khmer, Baquan. Strong tidal influence. Large Chinese area is inundated bv tide. - Economy: - Topogaraphy. flat. low land, average Annual GDP growth rate: (1995-2002): elevation 0.2-0.8 m 9.5%/year. - Soils. saline soils (70% area), ASS GDP/capita: USD 255 (2002) (25%), other (5%) Contribution in GDP: Agriculture + forestry + - Water qulalit: high salinity in all aquaculture: 58%; Industry + construction; rivers. canals. Organic and oil 22o%; Service: 20% (2002). pollution of river at harbours and residential areas Poverty: 180 of population - Air quality: noise pollution at - Education. 95% of children of 6-10 years go fishina harbour. wvater way. No dust, to primary schools. 35 primary schools and 2 SO". CO. NO\ pollution secondary schools - BiologJical resources. Niangrove - Historical czultlurcl conservation site. no ecosystemn but manarove forest land is - Plan to 2010 small (<5000 ha). A Bird Sanctuary at Annual GDP growth rate: 9 - 12%/year: Dong Thoi comml11lune (129 ha) increase of industry, aquaculture, service; l (Figu,zIre) 3.3,. There iS not reduction of poverty to <10% of population conservation site in the project's commiunes. Table 4.7: Suiiimmary of Envnironmental anId Socio-Economic Colnditions of T/oi Binh District alid Tan Loc Dong, Tan Loc, Tloi Bin/h, Tan Plitt communes Natural Environment Socio-Economy - A4rea ancd location. 625.41 km2 in -Population(inhabitant,2001) the North of Camau Province Commune: Tan Loc Dong: 5,012; Tan Loc: Climate: similar to Cai Nuoc, Dam 9,856; Thoi Binh: 15,972, Tan Phu: 13,550 Doi Districts . . . .2 Population density: 215 inhabitants/km - Hvdrolo,g: No coastal line, dense Population growvth rate: 1.75% (1996-2000); canal systems, main canals: Langtram. Tanphong. Chacbang, - Ethnic groups. Kinh (96.6%), Khmer 29 Ruiral Energy 2 Project - phase la: Camau Province December 2003 Trem. Slight influence by the tides (3.01%) + 7 other groups from the Gulf of Thailand and the - Economy East Sea. - To Annual GDP gro-th rate: 8.5%/year (1995- - Topogracph:. flat. average elevation: 0.2 - 0.4 m 200) - Soils: ASS: 45.116 ha (72.14%). GDP/capita: USD 187 (2000) (only 55% of saline soils: 16.231 ha (25.95%) the Province) - Wazter qulalit: salinit and slight Contribution in GDP: Agriculture: 70.8% o (2000), 75.6% (1995); Industry 10.7% (2000); pollution by organic matter, acidity. Service: 18.5D% (22000), 16.7 (1995). Ground water: no salinity. suitable for drinking water supply Poverty: 23. 10% of total households - .Air qual itv: Slight noise, dust - Education. total school pupils 29,600 pollution at urban site (22.06% total population); 30 primary schools - Ecological Resources. Melaleuca and 2 secondary schools forest (10.079 ha). There is not - Healthcare. Limitation in healthcare conservation site in the district. facilities - Historical,/cultulracl conservation site. no - Plcn to 2010. GDP grownth rate: 9 - 10%/year Table 4.8: Sumnmray of Environmental and Socio-Economic Conditions of Trmn Van Tlloi District antd Khanh Billh communlle Nsatural Environment Socio-Economv - reci aInd locatlion. 700.2, krm2 in the West - Populaltion.- of Camau Province ~~~~District: 188.490 inhabitants. - Climate. Similar to other districts of Camau population dense 269 inh./km1 . Annual Province growth rate: 2.12% (1998-2002) - Topography:. Flat. low land, average Khanh Binh: 145.300 elevation: 0.1 - 0.5 mr - Ethnic groups. Kinh (97.2%), - Hydrology: coast line 22 km at the Gulf of Khmer, Chinese (1.71%) and 5 other Thailand. Dense river and canal network. groups. MIain rivers: Ongdoc. Dongcung. Strong tidal intluence from the sea. In Khanh Binh there Economy. are Ongdoc and Tac Thu rivers. Annual GDP growth rate: 8.5%/year - So ils. saline soils 45%; ASS: 51%, other (1996-2002); 4%0. most of area of Khanh Binh is ASS. GDP/capita: USD 253 (2002) - fluter quality: River water: high salinity; Contribution of economic sector: organic and oil pollution in Ongdoc river. Agriculture + aquaculture: 65.5%; Ground water: slight salinity, high content of Industry: 15.2%; Service: 19.8% 30 Rurall Energy 2 Project - ph(ase la: Camau Province December 2003 Fe (2002). - .Air quality. slight noise and dust pollution Poverty: 15.5% of total households at Songdoc Toxvnlet: no pollution at other _ Education: 91% population (>6 Icommunes years); 95% > 6 years go to schools -BiolvUiCu:l Resoulrces: I - Biological Resources. - Healthcare. Improvement in disease Rich in aquatic organisms and fish species. prevention and care Mangrove and melaleuca forest: small area. - Historical/cuzltuiral conservation site.: In Khanh Binh there are not forests. no No conservation site in the district and in - Plan to 2010 Khanh Binh GDP growth rate:-9 - 1 1%'/vear: Reduction of poverty Sources. Tcable v4.- - 4.8 are compiled by the Conszultant from the reports on socio- economic of Canau PC and related District PCs, 2002-2003 andfrom data obtained by the Consultant during his survey in December 2003 at 12 commutnes 31 RuraJl Energy 2 Project - phatse la: C(amau Province December 2003 5. INITIAL EXAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 5.1. Screening for Potential Impacts The Project. including the rehabilitation construction and the operation of MV. LV transmission lines and substations in 12 communes in 5 districts of Camau Province wviiI play a very important role in the rural electrification program and poverty alleviation of the province. It will also create a great opportunity for overall socio- economic development of the remote rural areas of the province. Beside the significant beneficial impacts, the RE2 Project in Camau Province mav cause various negative impacts on the local environment and socio-economy. The potential environmental impacts are screened below (Figure .5.1). From analvsis of the collected data and results of field surveys in December 2003 by the Consultant an initial examination of environmental impacts are given in Section 5.2. 5.2. Initial Assessment of Impacts Associated with the Pre - Construction Phase 5.2.1. Impacts Caused By Land Acquisition In this phase of the project, the project activities will create significantly negative impacts on the households who will lose partly or totally housing facilities or lands for the preparation of ROW. Due to the number of the project affected households (PAHs) will be hiTh (4.480 PAHs with 18.271 PAPs). * Number of Project Affected Households (PAHs) According to update of the PC2, number of PAHs in 12 communes are 4,480 (4,447 Kinh's PAHs and 33 Khmer's PAHs). In each commune number of PAHs is high, varied from 144 (Tan Phu commune of Thoi Binh district) to 584 (Phu Hung commune of Cai NLUOc district). * Area of Landl Acquisition - Permanllent Land .4cquisition Total permanent land acquisition is 63,282. in which rice land: 23.162 ha, garden 3 9.732 ha. upland crops 498 ha, but not residential land. - Temporarv LandA.4cquisition Total temporary land acquisition is 13.136 ha. All of this area is rice land. * Loss of Plants and Crops Beside land and houses affected. 1,570 coconut trees. 2,576 eucaliptus trees, 170 mango trees. 8.297 others trees will be cut by the project. Hoitwever no ani' cn-ea of nmcngrove and melalezcca forest wL,ill be cuit off by the project. With the above indicated data, considering the total area and total population of 12 communes and the positive impacts of the project, the anticipated negative impacts created by the project is assessed as "minor' and "mitigable" according to the impact classification given in Sector 1.2. Impacts caused by land acquisition are detailly assessed in RAP Report prepared by PC2 for this Project. -~~~ ~32 Rir(ul Energy 2 Project - phase 1(: Canum Province Decemiber 2003 Figure 5. 1: Screeniing Of p/oenhtiulL eLnIironmi)enLilaI impticts of tIhe RIE2 /)rojecl in Caunia(ni Provinuce PI IAS . DIRECT I MI'AC'I'S 1POSSIBL.E CONSIFQtJINCFS (INDRECT IMPACTS) Enroachillt oII lnatural ec.ologTlica Ie iol of' manirove anldi iealeuca Ina zones NegativIc, minor, m) it i(bil)|e aid flora: Ali jolr, mI,iti.a/c_ 1) I)lSlf(iN AIN Incroachment on agr-in f lortal -N Negative impacts on socio-econiomiiy of' I'Alls: DRI FCONSIR [IIA l l)N L bIsiness alld residIenial lands,:1 A'egallet, mbiterinediute, iiig/able _)1>F 'nlcrocnn oell 1 Ilis;lorles/cillll '- Isites: No l Air, noise, vibration polltiol: I-lealtlh problems: Negative, mIllo, A Negative, minor, mitigable mnitigalle THE RE2 Water pol0ltioll: Negative, min/lor, PROJECT CONSTRUCTI ION mitgable - I-lealib problem: Negawiv'e, iii,ior,; milutigable Local socio-economiC problem: IN CA MAU Aquatic ecosystem: Ne gativ e, minor, mili ga 11norble ! A ihigo le 1itigabee ,>|Reltion eteel workiers anid local|]i - P'romilotioln of socio-economiiic developimienit in rLrlal area: Positive, ma(jor - Change in landuse: Positive, lilaJor * - Enivironimi1ent poliutioni: Negative, Induced developilment: increase of- "I n,termecl'eiatte ", miitigtible In6rease of economiiic growtlh and other economilic sectors - ReCLuctioll or Ilicrease of wetland ecological problemils ecological area: Negative ori positive, *llillor ', mitigalble (iJflegtlive) 4| OPERATION Iossible elnvilon 1 mental rissr e>- I Incat to li'f and economiiy in the areas: Local Socio - economic problemils: (electrical shocks, fire) f Negaltive, Iiiiinor, iniitigaible Negatie, inor 33 Rural Energy 2 Project - phaise 1(a: Camau Province December 2003 The PC2 of EV\ has set up a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) (see detailed RAP Report). Proper implementation of this RAP the anticipated impacts on local socio- economy wvill be mitigated. 5.2.2. Impacts oni Ethlzic AMinorities (EiVI) In 12 communes of the project in Camau Province beside of the major ethnic group (Kinh) occupied over 977% total population of each commune, there are 2 minor ethnic groups: Khmer and Chinese. Socio-economic impacts caused by the Project on the ethnic groups are assessed in RAP Report. 5.2.3. Impacts Caused By the War Residiues (Explosive Materials and Toxric Cliemicals) In the Vietnam War (1961 - 1975). American Army had sprayed great amount of the herbicides. mainly agent Orange, and other toxic chemicals on a larae area of melaleuca and mangrove forests in Camau Province, especially in Thoi Binh, Ngoc Hien. Nam Can. Cai Nuoc districts. However, after 30 years, toxic chemical residues xvith evident amounts in all project's communes do not occur. Therefore, impacts by toxic chemiccals on the project preparation for ROWV are not expected. During the War hundreds thousands of bomb, mines were used in Camau Province but the problem of resildue of explosive materials in the residential and agriculture land has been solved in the period 1975-1985. Therefore, problem of residue of explosive materials may not be considered at the project ROW. 5.3. Impacts Associated with the Construction Phase During the construction phase the expected potential environmental impacts are identified in Section 5.1.2. The identified ensvironmental impacts are assessed as negative. However. thev will be short-terni. localcr.minor and nitiigacble. due to the constructior activities will only occur in a short duration and scales of construction (transport of materials and excavation for erection and substation) are small. The main impacts are examined as follows. 5.3.1. Imitpaicts onz Air Quality In the construction phase air pollution will be produced by dust (total suspended particulate. TSP). toxic gases (SO,. NOx. CO. volatile organic compound (VOC) from construction machines. The major air pollutant in construction phase will be dust produced by earth works (dig ging. excavating. filling, levelling), using motorized machines. The affected receptors are areas surrounding the construction sites, as well as houses, cultural, religious buildings located at a distance of about 50m from the construction site. At this distance in the dry season and at the peak construction hours, ambient air quality manv be degraded. However, number of truck and/or construction machines used for excavating pole's foundation is small so the impact of air pollution on these types of receptors is assessed as minor. This impact may be nmitigcible by technical and management measures (see Section 6). 34 Rural Energy 2 Project - ph(ase la: Camaiu Province December 2003 5.3.2. Impacts NVoise and Vibration * Noise Impact According to monitoring data, the present noise levels in the 12 communes in the project are lowv and meet the Vietnam Noise Standards (TCVN 5949-1995) (Table 5. 1) excepted tor some sites in urban areas. Table 5.2 shows ambient air values recommended by The World Bank (WB). Table 5.l: (TCMA 5949-1995) Vietnamese Permissible Noise Level in Plublic and Residential Area (in dBA) Period of time Area From From 18h- From 22h- 6h- 1 8h 22h 6h AIreas needed specical loll noise (Hospitals. libraries sanatoria, 50 45 40 kinderoartens. schools) Residential area:. (Hotels. administration offices. 60 55 45 apartment houses. etc C 01o1mm1erc ial ci1dC ser1viCe areas 70 70 50 Smalil industrial Ifctories in 75 70 50 residential areas Soulrce. )IfOSTE, Vietnm Stanclards on the Environment, 1995 Taible 5.2: t 'oIrld Ban A .4lnbieunt Noise Oualitv Mlaximum allowable Leq. Receptor (hourly) in dB(A)- Dav time (7:00 - 22. 00) [Night time (22.- 00 - 7:00) Residential. Institutional 55 45 educational Industrial commercial 70 70 Source: WB. Thermal1 Pollwer - Gitideline for Vew Plant, 1999 During- the construction phase noise pollution may be caused by: - Construction equipment - Earth excavating activity - Generators (if any) - Vehicles used for material and pole transport Noise level of special construction activities are evaluated as follow: 35 Rutral Energy 2 Project - phtase la: Camaut Province December 2003 The work will require some types of machines, including trucks for earth excavating and moving. Noise from this equipment can reach 90 dBA each at 15 meters distance. As the construction site is small, earthworks will be generally limited. Additionally most of the planned excavation sites is located at rice field or waste land but not in dense population site. Therefore noise impact is assessed as minor and short-term. * Vibration Impact During construction. the major potential vibration sources are material transport activity. Heavy vehicles may create high vibration. However, number of vehicles used for construction activities is small and the routes used for material transport will not go to dense populated areas. this impact will be minor and short-term. 5.3.3. Soil Erosiont The province is located in a flat region with soil structure being quite stable. The vegetation coverage in the area is relatively high. There are still some fall out land but the bare land are not observed. Therefore, soil erosion is often considered not a problem in the area. In addition, the overall Project impact on erosion during construction will likely be minor for the following reasons: - The ROW required to construct medium voltage lines is only 4.2 m for medium voltage lines and 2 m for low voltage lines: - The construction pole's foundation requires little excavation; thereby the rate of erosion w'ill be minimal. Therefore. soil erosion may be assessed as minor and mitigable. 5.3.4. Acidification In this construction phase at each commune various poles will be erected. Volume of earth to be excavated is 8m' for 3 phase MV pole and 6.4m' for LV pole. Amount of waste (redundant) earth is 0.3m' for each MV pole and 0.72m3 for each LV pole. In comnLmunLes at Tran Van Thoi (Khanh Hung), Thoi Binh (Tan Phu. Thoi Binh, Tan Loc) and Cai NLuoc (Phu Hung) districts area of acid sulplhate soils (ASS) occupies 60- 80% of the total one. ASS contains a great amount of acidic materials. In case of disposal of wvaste earth. containing acid materials into surrounding, acidification mav be created when pvrite (FeS2) and jarosite layer in the soil will be exposed to the air and water. The conversion of ferrous sulphate to ferric sulphate occurs very slowly below pH4. but is rapid in the presence of microbial catalysts such as iron-oxidizing bacteria. which can increase the rate of oxidation a million-fold. Run-off water may transport acidic materials to rivers. canals or ponds causing water acidification. A high acidity (low pH) can kill shrimp and fish and may be a constraint for domestic and irrigation water supply. This is clearly demonstrated in the monitoring data of VESDEC/EPC for the WB's Project of Rehabilitation of the Southern Waterway and Cantho Port in 2002. 2003. However. in this project, amount of ASS to be excavated will be small and a large proportion of the excavated soil will be re-used for site construction and will be 36 Rural Energy 2 Project - phose la: Caitnu Province December 2003 compacted and covered by sand, stone, and concrete, acidic materials will not greatly leak into rice fields. aquacultural ponds or canals. Therejoire, the imnpact of acilijfication on wi,ater qzality cauised by excavation of acid siljacte soils jor 177aking/-ibundations of poles in the project areca in Train V`an Thoi, Thoi Binh cand Cai ANuzoc districts wvill be onlvy minor and mitigable. Acidijication may not occur/ in A'goc Hien and Dam Doi districts by project activit v. 5.3.5. Impacts Associated With Worker Concentration During the construction phase in each commune about 10-15 construction workers will work. The following impacts may be contemplated. * Environmental Pollution Environmental pollution will be a problem at the camping sites, where domestic waste will be created. Average amounts of waste to be daily produced by a group of 15 workers is estimated as follows. - Daily domestic wastewater: about 1.5-2.0 m3 - Dailv domestic solid wastes: about 10-15 kg This amount of domestic wastes is small and the impact on the local environment is negactive but ;nii;or and mitigable. However, it is necessary to be considered in management of sanitation during construction activity at each commune. * Possible Transmission of Infections Diseases from Workers to Local Population and Vice Versa In the 12 communes in project's area communicable diseases. such as water-bom diseases (diarThoca. dxsentery, typhoid fever). vector-born diseases (Dengue fever. Nialaria) are still common. In the circumstance of low sanitarv conditions and daily contact between local people and construction workers. infectious diseases may be transmitted from wXorkers to local people and vice versa. However, this impact may not occur if effective mitigation measures will be adopted by local healthcare systems. * Conflict BetN een Construction Workers and Local People In some cases. conflicts between the construction workers and local people may be caused by the following reasons: - Difference in customs and traditions - Difference in income - Encroachment of workers to historical, traditional sites and customs of local people. However. in the case of this project this problem is not expected, due to number of worklers will be small and most of workers come from Camau Province, who knows the customs and traditions of the project's communes. On the another hand, with the presence of workers education, culture and healthcare in the project' communes may be better, due to active contribution of workers to support 37 Rural Energy 2 Project - phlase la: Camau Province December 2003 communes' activities. However, construction duration at each commune will be short this impact is expected as positive but minor. 5.3.6. Impacts on Transportaition on tlhe Rocite In the construction phase in each commune, some trucks or boats will be used for transporting materials and poles. Therefore, construction works may cause some impact on the normal traffic activity at local roads and waterways. However. number of truckls or boats used for the project at each commune is small and the routes for material transport will not go through urban areas, this impact is assessed as negatil e but minor and temporary. The project will need to transport an amount of construction materials and poles. In some case, the vehicles with heavy load may cause damage the local roads. This impact is expected as minor and nmitigable. 5.3.7. Health and Safety The main health and safety issues during construction phase are: 1) industrial accidents for construction workers, and 2) electrical safety for constructjpn workers and the general public alike. Each is discussed below: * Inlustrial Accidents: Construction wvork-ers are at risk from industrial accidents in the workplace. Workina near heavv machinery. electricity, erecting transmission/distribution line all comes with their share of safety risks. The severity and frequency of industrial accidents increase when safety procedures are not implemented, when construction equipment is not maintained. when safety gear is not issued or worn, or when construction workers are not trained on safety procedures. * Electrical Hazards The Project's construction phase is subject to several types of electricity hazards. For example: 1) on-site electrical supplies will be required for a range of equipment and lighting needs: 2) excavation and land clearing may need to take place near existing electrical utilities: 3) the Project itself is constructing a very large electrical transmission system. which comes with its own unique set of electrical hazards; 4) the Project man need to provide temporary sources of power for households and businesses near project affected areas; S) there is a risk that when improving existing power systems, the existing power system may not be turned off properly before the Contractor begins construction, and 6) there is a risk that when the Contractor connects the new transmission line to the existing transmission line, the existinc line may still be operating (i.e. live). All of these situations could create a risk of electric shoclk to workers and the general public alike. 5.4 Impacts Associated with the Operation Phase 5.4.1 Social Developmenit and Poverty Alleviation The Project will satisfy in electric supply for tens thousands households in 12 communes of 5 districts in Camau Province. It will increase electrification ratio in 5 districts from 43.2% (in 2002) to 81% (in 2005). This provision will greatly help economic development and poverty alleviation - two pillars of Vietnamese 38 Rurul Energy 2 Project - phaise Ia: Camau Province December 2003 development policy. With the contribution of the project in rural electrification, development not only agriculture, aquaculture, but also industry, urbanisation and service sector will be induced in these remote communes. This will create good conditions for improvement of life of local peoples, including ethnic minorities. This imnpuct is consideredc as being positive and major. 5.4.2 Heailthi anzd Safety * Magnetic Field and Electric Shock As the voltage of the project is only 35 kV and lower, the magnetic field generated wiII have no impcact on health of people living in or near ROW. According to US EPA, the highest measured magnetic field of a 500 kV line in ROW during peak usage is only 183 milligauss. vhich is lower than this one caused by domestic items (for example hair dryers, Tcable 5.3). Table 5.3: Magnetic Field lMieasuirements of 115, 230, and 500 KV Transmission Lines TN pe of Max on ROW Distance from lines (milligauss) Transmission (milligaus) 1Sm 30m 60m 90m 115 KV Average Use 30 7 2 0.4 0.2 Peak Use 63 14 4 0.9 0.4 230 KV Averaue Use 58 20 7 1.8 0.8 Peak Use 118 40 15 3.6 1.6 500 KV Average Use 87 29 13 3.2 1.4 Peak Use 183 62 27 6.7 3.0 Solarce: U-SEP.I, 1990 Electric shock is a danger for the human life during the operation phase if there is no proper preventive measure, particularly for the people in the remote areas, where people's lknowledge about electricity is limited. How ever, this a good safety management of the Camau Electric Board. electric shock is expected as rarely occur. This impact is negative but minor and mnitigable. * Oil andi Hazardous Waste The project Will use very small amount of oil, which does not contain hazardous chemicals as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). From early 1990s PCBs were not allowved to be used in Vietnam Power System. Oil contamination may occur during refill of transformer oil, which will be conducted about every 2 years. Amount of oil leakage in this performance is expected very small and it xvill be collected to be reused. Therefore, oil and hazardous contamination by the project operation is assessed as mninor and mitigable. 39 Rural Energy 2 Project - phlase la: Camau Province December 2003 5.4.3. Impacts on NVatitral Ecosystem During the project operation, cut a part of trees encroached into the transmission lines will be taken. This action wvill not cause strong fragmentation and disturbance of the natural habitats, due to the project's ROW will not be located in mangrove or melaleuca forests or in the natural conservation sites. Operation of the electric transmission lines in Camau will not influence to the aquatic ecosystem in the project's communes. Therefore. impacts on natural ecosystem are assessed as minor and mitigable. 5.4.4. Indtuced Developmizent With the rural electrification in 12 remote communes, in the near future several economic sectors: agriculture, aquaculture, industrv, trade, tourism... will be rapidlv developed in Camau Province. This will create good conditions for increase of income. education, health care for local people. In the another hand, this may cause various environmental problems: wvater and air pollution; shortage in ground water source. change in life style etc. These impacts are clearly examined in various places in v'ietnam. where investment projects do not well integrate to environmental protection. These impacts are expected as negactivce but mitigable bv proper policy in sustainable dev elopment. which wiII be considered by GOV as well as provincial PC. Induced development may cause negative impact on the local biological resources. particularly mangrove and melaleuca forests in Ngoc Hien, Dam Doi, Cai Nuoc. Dam Doi and Tran Van Thoi districts, due to promotion of encroachment into wetland ecological areas. expansion of aquaculture and residential areas. On the contrary. induced development may create better conditions for biodiversity conservation due to improvement of living conditions may redu-ced encroachment of local peoples into forest areas. This is clearly demonstrated in v-arious projects in rural areas of Vietnam particularly projects related to development of buffering zones at the conservation sites. supported bv WB, ADB etc. Therefore, this impact on biological resoLurces may be negatiNe or positive, depending on the socio-economic and environmental management capacity of the districts. 5.5. Summary of the Project's Impacts Assessment From the above environmental assessment a summary of the potential impacts is given in Table 5.-4. Table 5.4: Idenitificationi of Potenitial Impacts of tile Project No Impact Magnitude Duration Evaluation of Impacts Pre-construction phase I Permanent and temporary land acquisition Medium Short/ Minor, Long Mitigable 2 Project affected household MediuLml Short Minor, Mitigable 3 Impacts associated with clearing the ROW Small Long Mitigable 40 Rural Energy 2 Project - phase la: Camau Province December 2003 4 Health risk due to explosives, chemical None None No Impact hazard 5 Loss of historical and cultural properties None None No Impact Construction phase 6 Surface water contamination Small Short Minor. Mitigable 7 Noise and vibration Small Short Minor, Negative 8 Soil erosion Small Short Minor, Negative 9 Air pollution Small Short Minor, Negative 10 Agricultural production due to temporary Small Medium Minor. acquisition of productive land Negative 11 Traffic disturbance Small Short Minor, Negative 12 Damaging of the roads Small Short Minor, Mitigable 13 Solid wvaste generated from excavating work Small Short Minor. for pole foLundation Negative 14 Environmental impacts caused bv Small Medium Minor. construction worker Mitigable 1 5 Conflict between construction worker and Small Medium Minor, local people Negative 16 Health and Safety Small Short Minor, Mitigable Operation phase 17 Development and poverty alleviation Large Long Major Positive 18 Habitat fragmentation Small Long Minor, Negative 19 Increase access to wild lands Small --Long Minor. Negative 20 Health and safety Small Long Minor. Mitigable 2 1 EMF None None No Impact 22 Impact on birds and avian Small Long Minor, N_Negative 23 Oil hazardous waste contamination Small Long Minor, Negative 41 Rural Energy 2 Project - p/ruse la: Camau Province December 2003 6. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 6.1. Alternatives to the Project To select the best solution to supply the electricity to the communes in the Camau Province some alternatives may be considered: wind energy, solar energy, small hydropower plants and diesel generators. The following analysis was given by EVN: - If diesel plants used. the beneficiaries would be much more limited than the proposed project - Small hydropower plants may not constructed in Camau Province - Wind energy is not suitable for Camau Province - Solar energy would require tremendous investment to support the communes. This region has high poverty rate, not suitable for large investment. The most advantageous alternative is to construct the electricity network, due to: - The national netwvork grid was already available therefore it was most cost effective to add to the grid rather than to develop new energy sources. - Network is more reliable - is most common way to utilize energy by grid. - Grid has added benefit of creating infrastructure for installing fibre-optic cables and other communications lines. - Cost for this alternative is lower than the other ones 6.2 Alternatives Within the Project For within the project. the following alternatives were considered: choice of optimal voltage of network. alignment of transmission and distribution lines, access routes for construction and operation. capacity of transformers, and location of substation. Since this project is the second phase of the Rural Energy 2 Project, one of the criteria in considering the project's alternatives is that its main features need to be consistent ith those of the first phase. xvhich have been taken into consideration during the execution of F/S. EIA. and Technical Design of the project-phase I. 6.3 The "No Project" Alternative If the "No Project" alternative was implemented, 12 communes with tens thousands households in Camau Province could not access the network for use of electricitv. Some of poorest people in the country remote areas will not likely have access to electricity of any kind in the near future. This will affect the chances of economic development and poverty alleviation for rural peoples in this province. 42 Rural Energy 2 Project - ph(/se la: Camau Province December 2003 7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN According to the World Bank Operational Policies (OP.4.01, January, 1999) the "Environmental Management Plan (EM,IP) consists of mitigation, monitoring and institutionnal measures to be taken dutring implementation and operation to eliminate adverse environmental and social impacts, offset them, or reduzce them to acceptable levels ". The World Bank OP.4.01 also considers that 'EAMP is essential elements of EA reports jbr Category A projects '. The Rural Energy 2 Project (Phase I a) - Camau Province does not belongs to Categorv A but it is also need the following measures recommended to prevent and mitigate potential impacts and to manage the project in the pre-construction. construction and operation phases. 7.1. Mitigation Measures in the Design and Pre-Construction Thase 7.1.1. Limitation of Encroachment Into Natural Protected Areas In the design phase the Project should: - Align route, design ROWs to avoid mangrove, melaleuca forests and natural conservation sites. - Not allow- usin herbicides/defoliants to clear the trees within ROWs. - Not allowv burning the wooden residue after tree cutting. - Not allow huntin_ wild animals during construction ROWs. - Replant trees elsewhere, if forested areas must be traversed. 7.1.2. Implementartioni of Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) to Mitigated Impacts on PAHs The RAP should be based on the Vietnamese legislation and the WB guidelines. The basic guiding principle of the World Bank's policy on Involuntary Resettlement (W'orld Bank: OD 4.30) is that the affected people should be 'assisted in their efforts to improve their Jbi-iner living standards, income earning capcitv, and procduiction levels, or at least to r-estore them In the recenit years. the Government of Vietnam (GOV) has issued various policies. and guidelines for compensation and support to PAHs in rehabilitation of live. Each province based on the general policy of the Government has its own resettlement policy, to better support PAHs. PC2 has prepared a RAP for this project following the Guidelines of the Government. Camau Province combined with the VWB policies. Applving this RAP the negative impacts on the PAHs are expected to be significantly mitigated. The main items of the RAP. which should be implemented by PC2 are: - Select alignment with minimum affect to houses, shops, cultural, historical site - Align ROWs. so that land acquisition could be minimized - Adjust project structures to minimize impacts on remaining PAHs - PAHs will be fairly compensated for loss of land and/or houses and supported to rehabilitate their business. 7.1.3. Investigation anld Removal of War Residuies (Mines) Before Construcetion This activity wvill be conducted only in cases of the ROW xvill go to the area where explosive materials were not removed. 43 Rural Energy 2 Projecr - phase la: Camau Province December 2003 7.2. Mitigation Mieasures in the Construction Phase 7.2.1. Mitigation Mfeasures for Impacts on Natural Ecosystems * Protection of Terrestrial Ecosystems There is no conservation site in the project area, specific, recommendations for their conservation are not required. However, propaganda and education for construction workers about wvildlife conservation and environmental roles of wetland ecosystems should be conducted, so that, they would not encroach into forest or protected sites. * Protection of Water Quality and Aquatic Ecosystems - Disposal of solid waste (construction waste, sand, stone etc.) and waste grease and oil from construction equipment to canals, ponds, rivers or wells should be avoided. All these wastes should be collected and transported to the approved disposal sites at each commune. - Disposal of excavated earth containing heavy, acidic materials to rivers, canals and ponds should be avoided. This type of soils should be used for road or house foundation construction. - The project (Contractor) should install adequate sanitation systems (for example mobile toilet facilities) for workers or require them to uise public sanitation facilities to prev-ent untreated domestic waste discharge. These measures shlould be required in bidding document and strictly applied during construction. - Discharge and disposal of domestic waste from construction camps into water sources should be avoided. Domestic solid wastes should be collected and transported to the disposal sites of each commune. 7.2.2. Prevention of Soil Erosion and Soil Loss Soil erosion shoulu be well managed during the construction phase. After finishing foundation of the pole excavated earth should be strongly compacted to avoid soil erosion caused by run - off water. Proper runoff and erosion control through land protection and drainage channels is needed. Excess soil should be disposed only at approved sites. 7.2.3. Mitigation Measures for Impacts on2 Air Oualitv The following recommendations are given to mitigate air pollution at the construction site. - During the dry season in some places, particularly in residential areas, periodic water sprav at construction sites should be necessary for dust control. - All vehicles transporting construction materials (sand, clay, cement, stones...) should be covered to prevent dust dispersion. Installation arid maintenance of mufflers on vehicles are necessary. All above suggested measures will be included in bidding document. 7.2.4. Mitigation of .Voise Impacts According to various studies on impacts of noise from transport, it is necessary to indicate that even at a distance of 100m from a strong noise source (>90 dBA) the sensitive receptors (residential, historical, religious, sites, schools, office buildings etc) will still receive noise level higher than the Vietnamese Standard for residential areas 44 Rural Energy 2 Project - p/ruse Jo: cammau Province December 2003 (60 dBA - day time). Therefore. the various following measures should be applied to prevent noise impact from construction equipment and vehicles. If the required distance to avoid noise pollution (about 50m) is impossible where construction operation will be necessary, measures of noise prevention for sensitive receptors should be considered: noise generation sources will be avoided in the night time and installation of adequate barrier at schools, temples. offices... for noise control. Operation of heavy vehicles in the densely populated areas of the-eommunes must also be properly managed to reduce noise generation, particularly at places near sensitive receptors (schools. temples, offices etc.). 7.2.5. Vibrationz Control Due to vibration impacts on residential areas will be onlv a minor impact and vibration control is not simple. therefore specific measure for vibration control is not recommended. 7.2.6. Prevention of Labor Accidents and Occuipational Health for Construction Workers Besides education for wN-orkers in electric safetv. installation of adequate construction camps and sanitation facilities for construction workers to control transmission of infections diseases will be necessary. Constructors should provide workers w ith equipment for noise, vibration and dust control. where and when it is necessary. Medical station at each commune will help construction workers when they will get labor risks. 7.2. 7. Preventionz of Coniflict between Construtction Worker and Local People - Hire as much as possible local citizens for the simple construction work to avoid the intlux of migrants. - In cases where the worker camps are near the communes. the Employer could request that the Contractor provide accurate, timely and regular information about the construction team to the People's Committees in affected areas. With open communicationi and information, the People's Committee and Contractor will be able to make a joint informed decision about the management of construction team accommodation. - After the Project finished, all camps will be completed by removed and the campsites will be rectified to their original conditions. 7.2.8. Healthl and Safety * Minimize Health and Safety Problems at the Construction site - During the construction. workers' health will be protectedin accordance *vith specific regulation on health and hygiene methods. Each independent"work unit will appoint one medical staff with adequate competence to take care of the workers and treat diseases as malaria, typhoid fever, diarrhoea, and other transmitted disease. - Special transportation vehicles that should be checked before use in compliance with transportation security regulation must handle transport of long MV poles. 45 Rural Energy 2 Project - phtse la: Camau Province December 2003 - Before starting works on foundations, it is necessary to coordinate with relevant agencies to identify and avoid damage on water pipes, postal cables or power cables during foundation and tower works. standard safety regulations should be strictlv followed. - Facilities and equipment must be carefullv checked in terms of quality and quantity before use. The Constructor need to appoint a person responsible for security supervision. This person will check production equipment, labour protection facilities and remind everv one for care. - During the period of energizing the svstem after the completion of the project. the safety engineer of PC2 will ensure that every step prepared for energizing the system strictlv follows the technical and safety regulation in order to avoid electrical shocks for the workers and to ensure the safetv of the whole system. * Minimize Impacts of Electrical Hazards The Contractor must contact the Camau Provincial Power Company to make sure that the existing pow-er system has been ttirned off during the period that they: - To connect new transmission lines to the existing system; and - To improve the existing system. Construction Workers must wear safety clothes and tools approved b t ploer. This includes safety shoes, safety hats, gloves. etc. 7.2.9. Mitioationz for protectionl of historical and cultuiral heritage Even the Project's impacts on historical and cultural heritage are considered as No Impact. But during earth's excavation activities of the Project, if there is any historical and cultural heritage was found. construction workers should immediately stop the excavation and Contactor should report to PMIU for further reporting to Provincial Department of Culture and Infonration for investigation and consideration. 7.3. Mitigatin-g Measures in the Operation Phase 7.3.1. Prerention of Habitait Fragnlenitationz and Inicreise Access to WVild Land Return unnecessary access roads to the previous state. Cooperate with local Department of Forest to regular control the use of access roads by local people in the remote or forested areas. 7.3.2. Protectionz of Healtl and Safety * Minimize the Impact of Problems Created Through Health and Safetv Issues Unrelated to Electric Shock This can be achieved bh the following: - Regular and ongoing preventive maintenance and fault treatment for the transmission lines and substations. The Camau Power Company of PC2 will undertake operation management of the MV line and substations. The provincial Joint Stock Power Company will manage and maintain the LV lines. - Regular and ongoing training on safety. basic techniques of the network operation and environment management should be provided to the -operators. Only the successful trainees with training certificate can undertake the management and operation duty. 46 Rural Energy 2 Project - pl/tse la: C(amau Province December 2003 - Regular and ongoing tree cutting/trimming to ensure no trees in ROW are higher than 4m. This work will be carried out manually to reduce impacts on the environment. The use of herbicide for vegetation manageme6it will be prohibited. Local authorities, organizations and landowners shall supervise the tree cutting. - Surge arresters for over voltage wave protection. - Place automatic breaker on LV side for short circuit and over current protection. - Place lightning arrestor on appropriate equipment. - All the line passing the populated areas for this project have to be designed with the cable or insulated wires, so the accident by contacting with the bare conductors have been already minimized. * Minimize the Frequency and Severity of Fire Hazards This can be achieved by the following: - The substation is designed and equipped with fire detection and prevention according to Government regulations. - All workers will be trained for fire prevention and fighting. - There shall be regular monitoring for compliance with fire preyention regulations. - To eliminate the fire initiated by the short circuit: whole the system will be disconnected from the grids when faults occur. - Periodically check- all the protection equipment, in house wiring, and connection. 7.3.3. Conitrol of Oil a(id Hazardous Waste Contaminationi - Oil refilling of transformers should be done in the' Workshop. - No PCBs will be used. - Use oil collectors during maintenance services for unexpected oil spills. 7.4. Summary of The Potential Impacts and Possible Mitigation Measures for Negative Impacts The main potential impacts and Counter Measures for impact mitigation for the project are aiven in the following matrix (Table 7.1). Table 7.1: Mlatrix of tlie Project's Potelntial Impacts antd Mllitigation Measures Potential Impact Possible Mitigation lMasures for Negative Impacts Pre-Construction Phase Encroachment to Forested - Align ROWs avoid encroachment to forested area Areas Project Affected - Align route to minimize resettlement Households (PAHs) - Adjust project structures to minimize impacts on remaining PAHs - Provide and support policies compensation for PAHs Land Acquisition - Align route to minimize private land - Provide compensation for land acquisition - Good implement of RAP Impacts Caused By Clearing - Align ROW to avoid forested areas. 47 Rural Energy 2 Project- phase la: Camau Province December 2003 the ROW - Compensate for loss of agricultural productivity Cultural Property - No impact - mitigation measures are not requires Construction Phase Encroachment into Forested Provide for workers guideline to avoid encroachment into I Areas forested areas and damage wild animal Soil Erosion - Excavated soil should be strongly compacted after finishing pole foundation - Proper runoff and erosion control through land protection i and drainage channels _ - Dump excess soil in approved locations Water pollution - Avoid disposal of construction wastes and domestic wastes into canals, ponds. river - Install sanitary facilities at worker camps Impacts on Noise and Air - Use water sprays on roads and piles of dirt Quality - Avoid nigh works in sensitive areas - Install barriers at sensitive receptors for noise control if necessary - Avoid use of horn. airbrakes. etc... in residential sites - Construction equipment shoLild meet relevant TCVN noise and air quality standards Electricity Hazards - Work \\ith Provincial Power Department to make sure relevant parts of systen are tLirned off - Workers need to wear safety clothes and work with approved safety tools Social limpacts Caused by - Flire local people wihenever possible Construction Workers - Work with People's Committees and relevant unions to identify and propose: i) measures to minimize impacts fiom social evils; ii) locations for worker camps; iii) develop and implement any necessary public education programmes for local people and workers '- Maintain relations with PC and unions durina construction - After construction, remove and rehabilitate worker camp _ areas Health and Safetv of the i - Minimize health and safety problems at workler camps General Public I (provide mosquito nets, sanitation facilities, adequate sleeping accommodation, nutritious ftod, etc) - Ensure adequate safety equipment and safety training for constrLIction workers - Ensure access to adequate medical facilities for construction workers - Application of proper safety and warning measures - Public information campaign Operation Phase Social Development and - Positive impact- mitigation measure not required Poverty Alleviation 48 Rural Energy 2 Projec phase la Caman Province December 2003 Degradation of natural - Align route to avoid forested areas. If forested areas must ecosystems be traversed, work with local authorities to replant trees/develop forest elsewhere Health and Safety I Support public education programme on hazards and safety measures for electricity management - both in the home and near transmission/distribution structures - Provide training to selected commune residents on electrical safety - Ensure regular operations maintenance of project structures 7.5. Environmental MIonitoring Plan In order to properly control environmental impacts of the project as well as evaluate effectiveness of mitigation measures, some programs of monitoring and oversight of the project will be implemented. 7.5.1. Legal and institutional backgrounds * Legal documents Monitoring for project implementation is required by the Government of Vietnam as well as the World Bank. The major legal documents related to requirement in environmental monitoring are indicated as follows. - Environnmental Protection Law of Vietnam. issued on 10th January 1994 by Order of the President. - Decree N175//CP on 18t" October 1994 issued by the Government, guiding implementation of the Environnmental Protection Law, - Circular N276-TT/_Mtg on 6' N March 1997 issued by the Ministry Science, Technology and Environment (MOSTE) guiding impleme 'tation of pollution control and environmental monitoring after approval of EIA report. In W'orld Bank Guideline for Environmental Assessment, Environmental Monitoring is strongly required. * Monitoring Agencies In Vietnam. now the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) within MONRE is responsible for the national wide environmental management including environmental monitoring. A National Monitoring System which has been set up by the former MOSTE from -1994 includes various environmental research centres. These centres carry out monitoring on air, water quality and wildlife in the selected areas and prepare reports to DEP. According to the law, projects and/or companies which may have environmental problems may carry out themselves suitable monitoring programs during construction and operation ("internal monitoring"). At provincial level. Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE) of Camau Province is responsible for environmental managemefit in the provincial territory. DONRE CamaLu ask the Camau Provincial Power Service and Project PMU to conduct an environmental monitoring for the project and submit regular monitoring reports to DONRE for review. 49 Rutral Energy 2 Project - phase la: Camau Province December 2003 7.5.2. Environmental MLIonitoring Organization - Duiring ConstrZuction Phase: The Project Management Unit (PNMU) of PC2 or Camau Provincial Power Service (PPS) will be responsible for internal environment monitoring in Camau Province Communes' leaders are asked to submitt their assessment on environmental performance of the Project. - Dutring Operational Phase. The PMU or Camau Provincial Power Service will be responsible for internal environment monitoring. In both phase (Construction and Operation) an Independent M11onitoring Consulltant (Safeguard Independent Monitoring Consultant - SIMC) will be hired by the project owner to conduct internal monitoring programs. 7.5.3. Organisation of Environmental Mlonzitoring for This Project The approach to environmental reporting will be to include a section called "Environmental Management Plan" into PC5's regular quarterly project report to EVN and WB. The Environmental Management Plan section will addre5s: - Issues relating to the effectiveness of environmental mitigation measures being carried out and any required modifications: - Environmental monitoring results collected during the quarter: and - Issues to be addressed in the forthcomingi quarter. The environmental information used to xxTite this section of the quarterly reports will be based on the monitoring reports prepared by the safeguard independent monitoring consultant, the construction contractor, and the communes. Key details of these three information SOLirces are provided below. * Responsibilities of Safeguard Independent Monitoring Consultant (SIMC) SINMC will be hired by the Project Management Unit of PC2 to monitor the implementation of the EMP. The SIMC will report its environmental monitoring results every six months during the construction period to PC2. EVN and the WB. An example of Terms of Reference for the SIMC during construction period is as below. The Safeguard Independent Monitoring Consultant *vill: - Visualljy look at the construictioni sites antd make niotes relaited to the following environmenitall issutes, bult not limited to: - General clean up after construction works. - Excessive clear cutting of trees beyond ROW in communal or forest land. - Nleasures taken by the contractor for cleaning Up woody residues after tree cutting - Status of access roads (have they been closed if in a protected area, are they still being used and to what extent, how are they being controlled/managed and by *vhom), Application of mitigation measures for or sign of soil erosion along T/L due to tree cutting and/or around tower foundation - Status of re-vegetation in the ROWs and tower foundation - Impacts on construction works (level of noise, dust, and damage to roads due to earthworks and transportation of building materials) 50 Rur(al Energy 2 Project - pihise la: Camnau Provinice December 2003 - Status of construction worker camps and sanitation facilities for them - Proper distance betveen the houses and T/L. - Status of implementation of safety measures (signboards, restricted zone, fences. isolation etc.) - Conduct Puiblic Consuiltation to: - Assess the level of involvement by the local authorities in dealing with environmental issues (dust, noise, and damage to roads due to the transport of construction materials, tree cutting on public lands and protected areas). - Identify any other environmental issues and record environmental complaints from the PAHs. - Report on responses (if any) from appropriate local authorities on environmental complaints or non-compliance * Construction Contractor The construction contractor will submit to PC2 monthly progress reports on the implementation of their Site Environmental Management Plan (SEMP). The SEMiP report shall have the following contents. Exvamtiple Aninotated Ouitline for Qularterly SE.MP Report Title Page Table of Conitenits Inztrodutetion - 1 para-graph to introcliuce the purpose of 'the report Update of Priority Issuies Identified in the Last Reporting Period - List prior-ity isszues iclentijied in last report - List progress mnade by Contractor in solving each isszue - List anl issues, xlhich have not been adequacitell resolved, and provicle reconmmiendations on? hoi,' to resolve those issutes. If' they ccnnot be resolvec, expla inl?. Resullts of tl/e En viroiinnenztal Manlagement Activities in This Reporting Period - Repol-t on the initigcation measutres that are itdentifiec in the SEA'!P. - IT each imecasuire meeting its nmitigation objective? Ifj not, why not? Hake szlre explanation is clear and thorouigh. Conzcluisions for this Reportinig Period - Li.st all priori-t isisule.s iclentifjied dulring this reporting periocl - Provide acdv ice Ca.s to hoI and then the C'ontractor lv'ill reso[ve,each isszue. If'the issue cannot be resolved, provide an explanation as to wi'hy it cannot be resolved. Appen dices - Completed sutrvey forms and maps relevant to the EA'IP. - Copies of any other communications between PMU, Contractor, PCs, etc regarding SEA'IP-related activities * Communes 51 Rural Energv 2 Project - plhase la: Camau Province December 2003 Each participating commune will submit monthly reports to PC 2 during the construction phase. If deemed necessary by WB, EVN, or MONRE, the communes can also submit reports the during pre-construction and operation periods. The commUne-level reporting process need to be simple, consistent between communes, and accountable. To achieve these need, the process should have the followinQ characteristics: - Data Sources There are two kinds of data sources: 1) Regular monitoring of environmental impacts and effectiveness of miti;ation measures and based largely on visual inspections by an authorized data collector (see below); and 2) Opportunistic monitoring based on complaints/comments from local community to Commune PC or other bodies. - Data Collector Commune People's Committee member or appointee in each Project commune (e.g. Women's Union or Youth Union, individuals with environmental interests). The data collector would be trained in environmental monitoring during the regional workshop. - Data Reporting Process The monitoring form will be completed by the data collector every three months and submitted to PC 2. Data collector may provide additional information (photographs. letters, etc) as they see fit. An example data collection form is provided in Table 7.2. Table 7.2: Evaniple Comytmuiije-Level Dada Report Format Commune Name: Tan Pii i District Name: Tlioi Binlh Reporting Period April 2004 Environmental Impacts: Imipact/ Mitigation Commuine Community Comments Measure Representative Comments | Project vehicles or activities No comment No comment increased ambient dust levels Project vehicles or activities Some noise near Hospital staff complained increased ambient noise hospital. but no noise about construction noise to levels other sensitive areas Peoples' Committee and (schools. pagodas. etc). Dept. of Health. Project activities polluted No comment No comments local rivers or lakes Project cleared \egetation No comment No commernt and this caused environmental impacts Project activities created Visited location where Some farmers complained impacts on agricultural farmers complained and that piles of dirt are being left and/or residential land saw piles of dirt on their on their paddy fields. land Project activities impacted No comment No comment cultural property 52 Rural Energy 2 Project - phase 1g: Camau Province December 2003 Project construction caused Yes, sometime vehicles No comment traffic impacts transported materials influence on normal traffic in commune's road Project caused solid wsaste or Noticed garbage was left No comment liqLlid waste impacts around construction ~~~~~~~cam p Project caused social and No comment Shopkeepers are happy to health impacts of workers receive business from construction workers Accidents Two local workers were No comment injured when some equipment fell on them during excavation activity. I Dust suppression measures No comment No comment Erosion and sediment No comment No comment controls Sitting of materials etc. to No comment No comment avoid exacerbation of flood effects, chemical pollution etc. Waste management practices No comment No comment Project activities caused any Some birds nets has been No comment impact on birds. animals and destroyed during cable rare flora pulling Project vehicles damaged the Yes, 1 km pf The vehicles were too heavy. roads intercommune's road Need to change to smaller was heavily damaged. vehicles \\ith less loads. Need to be recovered before rainy season Other No comment No comment Recommendations ^ Futul-e construction near hospital should be limited to 07:06)to 11:00 and 14:00- 17:00. During the time 1 1:00 to 14:00 is when hospital staff and patients resting. so they need quiet during this time. More care should be taken to clean Up construction camps Contractor should make sure to keep piles of dirt in designated wnorking areas - More safety equipment and training programmes should be gven to construction vworkers to reduce accidents.. .especially for the local workers because they don't know much about worker safety Signature of Commune Representative: Tran Van Be Title of Commune Representative: Huyni/ Tan Ba, CVice-Giairnian, Peoples' Committee | Date: _ Junte 30, 2004 53 Rur(il Energy 2 Project - phase la: C'amau Provinice D)ecember 2003 7.5.4.Montitoring Plala In tIlis project a Ltn1VironimlcIntall MonitorilIg Pllan is sIuggested as lol lows (7l/le 7.3) Table 7.3: AMontitorinig Plan Diiri,ig Coinstlructioni, ti(id Operationi Plh(ase P'arameters flow to Monitor Frequeincy Respolnsil)lc bodies CONSTR'IUCTIION PHIASE-- I Surface water tiurbi(lit I ) Visual observation to assess whether the eXCav.atiOIn and otieri ioltlly - 'I'ecliical alid otilers matters CollStlLICtiOnl actiVitiCS CaIUSC anlly pOllutiOIl to the surlace water, supervisor for related to soil erosion especially in term of makinig water to be more tur bid. PMUs 2) The measures applied by Contractor to avoid the pollution ol - Saieguard surface water in term of tul-bidity. indepenidenit 3) Thle measul-emilenlt slioulci be taken when thiere is some complaint moniitoring ri-om local people conIsLIltanls 2 Noise level aroun(ld 1) Assessmenit (observation) whether (i) the noise level is as above conistruictiont sites aind uliacceptable in the Ilroject's residenitial areas (ii) The construction aijacei,t residlential mlachinies annioy local people. are(as 2) The mitigationi measuL-es applied by the Contractor to avoid the noise impact 3) Thle measuremilenit should be taken when there is some complaint 1fromil local people 3 Duist 1) Assessmenit (by visual Observation) whetliher (i) IhIC dust Calised by as above conlstirlIctioIl is SCriOIS; (ii) tIlC ImIaSUreS that Contractors are taken to conitrol the dust level 2) Ihle mitigation measurles applied by the Contractor to avoid the dust level increasing in the area 3) TIhle measurement shiould be taken whien there is some complaint __roml local people ___ 54 Riiril Energ.1j 2 IPrqjecf - pluise It,: (C',num,u Province D)ecemnher 2(11)3 4 Tree cuttglig antld acess I) Asscssmilenit (by visuial observation) whether (i) tlhere is any as above ronad maiatnagemeiJ n(t ud excessive clear Cuttilng ol' trees beyond ROW in comImunlial land conitrol 2) Measures takcin by C'ontr-actors lor cCleaning uLp w\oody residue alter tlree CLuttillg. _ 5 Solitt ui'aste anid site Assessmiienit by ViSlual observation whether: as above cleaning iij) after the I) ConstlLuctioll rcsiclues arC clCan ulp after the COnStrUCtiOn constriiction 2) T'he Nvay that Contiactor- disposes the solid wastes firo COnstructionl. 6 WVorkers sanitation aid Assessiienit by visual observation: as above sqfelyfaucilities ( I ) Status ot' solid waste and waste water disposal in camping sites (2) I-lygiene and sal'ety issues in campinig site (3) Clheck the agreemenit with communies people committee if the workers stay in hiomes of local peoples _ _ _- 7 Transportation Assessmenit by visual obser-vation: as above dIisturb)ance (I ) WhlCthler- thlC COInStrLUCtiOn1 and othler Ip10oject's activities SUCIh as pole's erection, cable pulling cause any serious disturlbance to the local traffic; (2) Necessary measures are taken to avoid the disturbance of trallic SUCIh aS: war1ng110 Sign 1r COInStrIuctioIn work, avoiding ofh eavy tIralic 11ou-s, (relCIr to Mitigation 11meSUres foI details) 8 Road degradaltiont Assessment by visual observation as above (1) The transportationi of materials and equipment causes any damage to the local roacd systemil and hoxv is tihe level ol'damilage (2) The vehicles use(l lor Project is overloaded tihat potentially cause the daimiage to the existinig roadc system'? (3) Thle Contractor lias taken any measure to repair- the roads that were clziidaaged dul-ilig transportation oflProect's cquliplmlellt and material. (4) There is any complaints fiom1 local peoples o(n the issue 55 Runrtil Entergy 2 IProject - phlase Ja: Canati Province Dece,niber 200.3 9 Statius of applic(ation of Assessmeint of salety issue durinllg cOlstruLCtiOll: as above sqfe(p measiures - P'crsonial safety equipmilienlt - 'Icclchilcal and salety regulation to avoid the electi-icity shiocks, electrical hazar-ds etc. I0 Co(nstrictirioi, material Asscssmicnlt by visual observation: as above mi(aIInIgentemet (1) 1Ihlle mIaInageClIet of COIStructionL materIiaI in the \varehIOlSCS (2) Telc imlanlagemIlnCIt of COnIStruCtiOnI mal.1teriall in the constructioln site 11 Impact oii wild life, Notice of' ConsultlaIt on: natural resourice tti,d (1) Telrc-e is any CvidencC tlat thle Pl-l'roject's actiVitieS cause any inrduced impacts to distulbance to the wild 111e and natural resouice (bird, reptiles, protected aireats mamimnal, animiials), to the precise tr-ees. (2) Any hIuLItillg, trapping by constructioni worlker-s in Pr-oject area. EOEIRATION PIJ-ASE (mionitoringis cailrie(d otit for- the Ist year of operation) 12 Maint(iTintg ojJf ROIJV Assessiienllt by Visual obsCerIaionM ( I ) 'I'he. tr'ee CuLttillg: \Vhetlhetr theC r-ighlt trleCs 01o r'igllt pIIrtS of' tree arc' CLut. (2) The proper maintaining of distance from houses to the ROW 13 Imipact oni wild life ansrd Notice of Consultant on: ntatural resoutrce (I) There is any evidence that the Project cause any distirbanice to tile wild life (bird, reptiles, mamimial etc.) and natul-al resource (water, ___ elaleuca, mangrove iorest etc.) _ _- 56 Ruiral Energy 2 Project - phiase la: Camau Province December 2003 7.5.5. Estimated Costfor Environmental Mlonitoring Prog-rams Cost for the above designed monitoring program. for RE-2 Project - Phase la - Camau Province is estimated in Table 7.4. Table 7.4: Cost Estimation for Environmental Mllonitoring for Project in Camau No Item Amount (VND) Construiction phase I i Labour requirement: 2 man-months x 10,000,000 20,000,000 VND/month 2 Supporting cost (lump sum): accommodations, 20,000,000 transportation. sample collectors, writing report Operation phase (per one year) 3 Labour requirement: 1 man-month/year x 10,000.000 10,000,000 aVND/month 4 Supporting cost (lump sum)/year: accommodations. 10,000.000 transportation. sample collectors. writing report Total 60,000,000 7.6. Capacitv Building Environmiiiental management is a relatively new task for the pow%er sector. Therefore. prior to project implementation, there should be training for staff that will participate in EMP. NManagement staff will be equipped with knowledge on mitigation measures for environmental impact and monitoring plan. 7.6.1. Contduicte(d trainiing activities The following training has been conducted to date: * Mav 2002 Training Workshop on the environmental issues, conducted by international and national environmental specialists. The objectives of the training were: - Legal documents on environment protection - WB stipulations on safeguard policies - Responsibilities and rights of state functional bodies in environment management - Identification of typical impacts of power transmission line projects and mitigation measures * August 2003 Hands-on learning-bv doing training for improving environmental reports. Local and international consultants worked with PCs staffs to improve draft EIA and EMP reports. 57 Ruiral Energy 2 Project - phase la: Camau Province December 2003 September 2003 Hands-on workshop for environmental assessment of transmission and distribution projects. International and national environmental specialists lead PC 2 staff and other participants on a field trip to test new tools for environmental assessment, held group work activities on challenges and opporttnities to improve environmental assessment. and held lectures on XVB safeguard policies and GOV environmental requirements for the Distribution and Transmission Lines Project. 7.6.2. Future Training Future training includes the following activities: * EVN training Internal training course on how to monitor Sumps and how to report environmental results as part of quarterly and annual project reports. The training will also include the methods for corrective action plan if some of EMP activities do not go well. * PC2 training The followving training will be provided for the staffs of local power service and partly for local peoples: - SafrJtv trainin7g Regular training on safety issues related to the distribution network maintenance: - Emnironmental nmanaggem7entJbr the Project. Providing basic knowledge for staffs and local peoples about the environmental issues related to the protection and maintenance of distribution lines. - lonitorinG, aclt reporting of environmental management plan for stakeholders of the Project's communes: The training will give guidance to the local stakeholders about the participation of local peoples during implementation of EMP. The training will also include the methodology for site observation and monitoring check sheet filling. All of PC2 training xvill be carried out in the Project's districts or cofmmune's level to save the time and enable local steakholders to attend as much as possible. Cost for the future training activities is estimated in Table / Table 7.5: Cost Estimationi for Fuitutre Trainiing Activities No Training Items Estimation Cost (VND) 1 EVN training Covered by EVN 2, PC2 training on . Included in safety (regularly operation cost carried out by of provincial provincial power power services -service) I _________________ _5 58 Rural Energy 2 Project - phase la: Camau Province December 2003 3 PC2 training on Consultant's manpower 1/2 man-moflh I 5.000,000 environmental requirement protection related Perdiem for 40 40 people x 4.000,000 to distribution participants Idays x lines projects 100,000 VND/day _ Other expenditures: lump-sum 2.000,000 classroom, stationerv... 4 PC2 training on Consultant's manpower 1/2 man-month 5|.000,000 monitoring and requirement reporting Perdiem for 60 60 peopLe x 6.000,000 participants I days x 100,000 VND/day Other expenditures: lump-sum 2.000,000 classroom, stationery... Total 24,000,000 7.7. Cost Estimation for EMP Implementation To well conduct the proposed EMP the following bud-et is needed (Table 7.6) Table 7.6: Estinmatted Costs for Implementation of tlhe EA'IP (JVND) No Item Construction Operation (20 years of life cycle) | I Mitigation The costs are covered in The cost is covered in production cost imeasures Contract with Construction of the provincial power service Contractors 2 IMonitoring ; 2 man-month*10.000,000 = I man-monthlyear x 10,000.000 | costs 1 20.000.000 (Table 7 4) x 20 years = 200.000,000 3 - 4Capacity 24.000,000 bui ldingCY Tot(ll 44,000,000 200,000,000 This cost is covered in production cost of the provincial power service Grancl total 244,000,000 VND, for *whole excepted for cost for mitigation measures project .__ 7.8. Environment Reporting Requirement To properly manage the project regular reports prepared by the related units to submit to the relevant environmental management agencies are required. Reporting requirement and structure of the reporting process is shown in Table 7. 7. 7.9. Institutional Framework for Environmental Plan Institutional Framework for the EMP of RE-2 Project - Phase la - Camau Province is suggested in Table 7.8. 59 Rtural Energy 2 Project - pihase hi: C'ui,i,i Provintce Decuiyiber 2003 Tahble 7.7: 7The E,iviroimueltil Maiatigeu,eint Rep orting Reqiuiiremlenit TT Issues to be Reported I"l Repolrting Level 2"' lReporting Level 3"(1 Reporting Level (a Copy shouldi be sent to l)ONRE) Conistruction I'liase I 1lniplemeritatioll ol' By: t_ Con_tractor By: tlhe reliatei PMl Js By: IVN, lProvince mitigationl meaISureS and Frequncy: MontljU Frequency: QUartCrl)y FreqUency: QuLIrterly Site Environmental To: Relatecd I'MI Js ro: Related Ilroiect owner To: 'I'lTe W13 Managemenit - EVN - IProvince 2 Environmental By: 'I'echnilcal supervisors of tihe By: Thle related P'MU 3By: IVN, P'rovinice monitorilig PMUs Fi-equellcy: Quarterly Frequency: Quar-teirly Frequency: Monthly To:Related Project's Owners To: The WB To: Related PMUs (EVN, Province) By: Conimune's People Committee Frequency: Montlhly To: Related PMU By: SIMC Frequency: 1lalf-yearly ''To: the W13, IN_'VN Operation Phase I EEnvironimilenital By: Technician ol' Plrovinicial Power IBy: PCs (PC2) lBy: EVN monlitor-ing inc,iudill Service I1requcncy: Yearly Frequency: Yearly saf'ety issues Frequency: Half'-yearly To: EVN To: 'I'he WB To: Reg,ional I'Cs (_C.2) By: Technician of'District P'ower Joint By: Ca Mau l'rovince Stock Comirpany (thlloughi DOI) Frequency: I-lalf-yearly Frequency: Yearly To: Ca Mau ProvineCe (thirougil D)01) To: Thle WB 60 Rutrail IEnergy 2 Project - phase It: C(anma IProvince _)t'c',u,hcr 21)3 Table 7.8: Responsibilities of Relarted Parties fr Ilnplenll'Iltnationl of EMP P arty RIesponsib ilities Electricity Vietnam (EVN) El ectiicity ol Victnain (IiVN) is lProject owner lor MV componieint ol RE 2 IProject. Withiln its component, the EVN is responsible Ior IProjec mnoemienit including overall environmental management. Io carry OLIt overall Cen\ironmencilt management, within I VN, thIei-e is an En"I.vironme]cntal Managemnci-t D)epartmnet. The department is in chaige of guiding and supervising implemenitationi ol thie EMP lor the project. Camau Provincial People Camau Provincial People Comimlittee is Project owner for lIV component of RE 2 Project. Withiln its Committee (Camau PPC) component the Provincial People Committee is responsible for Project management incluIling overall environmi-enital maniagemenit. To Carry put environmental managemeit, there is a DONRE. DONRE is in charge of guiding and super-vising implementationi of the EMI for thle Project. Futlhermore, the PPC's responsibilities include: - The PlPC's responisibilities include: - GuiClilig andc mllonlitorinlg enlvir-onmlental managemenit planninig and implementation within the provinice - Approving methods of environimiental protection and impact mitigation including estimated costs after DoNRE appraisal - Reviewing doe uLimenits on environmental activities within the provilice area - Provide guidanice andc coordination between sectors and departimienits in EMP implementation A- /pprov ing tihe lit price for theile CoIli)ensationI Poweer Company No. 2 Power Companiy No.2 (PC2) is member organization of EVN and autilorised to manage the distribution (PC2) network in Southerin Regioni. PC2 is responisible for the project implementation, including implementation of RAI and EMP. 61 Rural Energyl 2 Project - phi/ase la: Caa,{it Province D)ece,ntber 2003 IProvinicial Departimielnt ol' ProvinIcial l)epaC-tIllellt ol IndLustry is an orgallizatiotn ulider- lrovinicial People Committee andc is Industry (1)01) responsible for managemenct ol indLIstry's deV\elopIeCnt of tihe Province. In RE 2 Project, DOI is authiorised 1)by tle Pr(ovince PeIple Col11lmit tce to man,at'c tli. li ow Voltage componelnt icltluding ol' [im,plemnicltation ol' RAP and IEMP. District Power Joint Stock District Power Joint Stock Company is established by the Department ot' Industry ol' Provincial P'eople Company Comimiliittee to take responsibility to implement the lV component ol RE.' 2 Project. District Joint Stock Company plays is overall responsible tOr implementation of l AI' andl EMP ol thie Project loir whole of its lifecycle. Project Management Unit IProject Managemilenit Unit (PMU) of related Plroject owner is responsible for project implemenltation. PMU (PMU) for RE Project of responsibilities ilnCILide: PC 2 (MV) and PMU ol - Overall planning, management and monitor-in,g ol thie envir-onmental management Camau Plrovinice (LV). - En'lsurillg that all cenvironmiiienital protection ancl mitigationi measures of environmenital impacts are carriecl out in accordance withi policies, regulationis on environimlenit and other relevant laws. - Coordinating wvith provinices' people commiiittees, provinces' powver services and districts' people commilittee in environmental management activities. - Orgaizing training coul-ses lor local staff (provinces, districts), comimlune representatives and Contractors' tea!mns on mit igation melCaISUIrs an(l salety methods (professional experts on environimilenit shiall be involved). - Carrying out inter-nial monitorinig ancl supervising independenit monitoring, which will be contracted wVithl otlhel conIsuLltillg ServiCCeS ol'tllh pioJect. - Super-visinlg and I povidinIg bludget lor mnitolilnoilig activities. - Reporting on envir-onimental informationi to EVN, the concerned DONRE and the WB. - Imipleimet changes or adjustments according to DONRE recommendations to protect the environmenit according to Vietinamil's standards, laws, and regulations. 62 Ruiral lnergy' 2 Project - plhase /n: Cwuitui lProvincce DeceniLh'r 200i3 Consulltant '1heC COInSuIltzait \WIll he sClecteid and managcd by PC 2 tO CO11nCdCt several project tasks, includlilng: - Prelimillary suL-vey and desigin - Plreparat ion ol0 Ibasibility stuldly - Preparation ol RAIP and(c 1A repor-t - Preparation ol'sollic bidding doctullmelnts - Ctarry out somie ll PMP tasks, ainld assist P'MtJ with enivironmiiientall issues dur-ing constructioCn. Provincial Power Services IProvinicial Power Services (1'1'S) are provincial-level dependent Litilitics ol PC2. ll'S is responsible lor (PPS) EVN's business wvitllin eaelh province. FIor the RE 2 Project, the l'PS will be in chiarge ol thie SupCeViSiOnl of the contractors durinlg construction and will be in charge of the operation of the project. For the EMP, the PPS is working with PMU directly in charge of the supervision of the implementation during the constructioni stage, and implemenitation ol tlhe EMP durinig the operation stage. Civil Works Contractor The Civil Works Contractor (Contractor) will be selected by PMNU ancd approved by PC2 and Power Joint Stock Company. Thleir responsibility includes Project construction works and following contractor specifications outlined in the EA and EMP. This incluides: - Applying constructioni-plhase mitigation measures - Ensuring safety of constrLuction workers and local people during constluctionl - Following Vietnam aiid World Bank policies on environmental protection during construction Safeguard Independent Independent monitoiiiig of the SEMP/RAP implemiienitation will be engaged by Project's owners through Monitor (SlMC) tleir PMUJ. The bludget for the SIMC is paLrt ol tlhe RAPI' mollitorilng bludget. 63 Rirtral Energi' 2 Project - plhase la: C'atintiti Province D)eceniher 2003 Department olf NIatul-al DONIZIJ is responsible lor stale malInagemnent on enivir-onimilenital issues witlhin provinice's ter-itory. As part Resources and Environimiient of this responsibility, DONRE xviII revie\V the lA report and deterinilie whether an E IA report is reqluired. (DONRE) If' an EIA is lot required, [)()NRE vwill issue an EInviroinmenital Permit lor the project. During EMP implementation, DONRIUI will act as external regulator. Its dluties xvill include: - Monitolring the implementation of mitigation measuLes to miniiilize the project impacts in the coristwtlC1io in,ad (perat or ion1 stagC - Controlling and chleckinig hlealth ofvorkres, oleratlors and inhabitants - Managiing andCI clheckinig protection measures in relationi to the impact caused by the project Communes' People's The CPC' s responsibilities include: Committees (CPC) - Working with consultants to specify the potential impacts of the Project. - Monitoring envirolilnlelital impact mitigation and protectioni process within the comImlunle durinig lIroject's constructioll phase Project Affected PAHs will directly participate in the survey on PAI-I duties and entitlemenits. Through these surveys they Households (PAHs) will: 1) have the opportunity to express their requir-ements and concerns to the above institutions; and 2) have input to the methiod and units of compensation. After compensation is complete, PAHs are responsible for co-operating xvithi Contractor to clear- relevanit sites in a timely manner. In order to einsure that PAl Is are well inf`ri-ned on the project, local authorities will prcovide P'Al-Is with basic knowledge on project-related activities, and the negative and positive impacts they can have on the natural/social environimienit. PAl-Is wvill be able to haave a role in monitor-ing the environimilenital eflects of the pro ject and the environimilenital perflorniance ol' the ontractor. 'Al Is will also be conistiltecd duLilug the project in relatioll to relevant environmiiien;tal issues. PAl-Is will be allowed to bring legal action to an appropriate court if the PAH considers its claim for participation or inloormation is ignored, groun(dlessly refused, or' il provided inlormationi by local authorities was inadequate. 64 Rural Energy 2 Project - phase Il: Camau Province December 2003 8. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION 8.1. The Need and Benefits of Public Consultation and Information Dissemination The reasons for public consultation and information dissemination in the Project are manifold and include the following issue. 8.1.1. GOVRequiirements Project approval is contingent upon PAHs and local governments to agree: - On the scope of the Project - To participate in the Project, and - To pay the connection and operating costs for the Project. It is expected that the proposed public consultation and disclosure process will improve channels of communication between stakeholders and thereby enable PAHs and local governments to support the Project. 8.1.2. WB Requiiremenzts According to OP 4.01, borrowers of Category B projects are to make available the Category B environmental review summary to PAHs and local NGOs. This need to be done in a timely manner prior to consultation and in a form and language that are understandable and accessible to the groups being consulted. Category B projects are also required to make their environmental information available through World Bank InfoShop. In addition to satisfying the above requirements, the benefits of a public consultation and disclosure programme include: - Reduced risk of misunderstanding/tension between stakeholders - Improved effectiveness of the environment management plan - Improved social and economic benefits for Project beneficiaries and: - Reduced risked of Project delays. 8.2. Public Consultation and Information Dissemination During the Pre- Construction Phase During project preparation stage (2001-2003), the following activities were carried out: 8.2.1. Activity 1: Iniformation anad Discuission withi Local Authorities on the Line Route During the field survey for the FS, the consultant discussed project line routes with commune authorities in order to find the best route with the minimum need for compensation and minimum negative impact on the environment. After the preliminary alignments were designed, the consultants sent alignment information to the communes for their further comments. 8.2.2. Activity 2: Impact Survey anzd Statistics Based on the agreed-upon alignment, survey teams detailed the alEnment route on site and coordinated with the commune officials to make a list of PAHs' affected land and 65 Rural Energy 2 Project - phlase Ia: Camau Province December 2003 crops. The socio-economic survey forms were delivered to affected households. The survey was carried out by the District Compensation Committee, with the participation of the commune authority. 8.2.3. Activity 3: Mleetings with PAHs When the survey was completed. District Compensation Committee (in coordination with the commune officials) held meetings with PAHs having land in the line ROW and with village representatives. During the meetings, the Consultant presented numerous materials. including: Project Summary, draft RAP and draft EIA, maps of the project site. figures. tables, photos, pictures, and other support materials. Meeting officials informed participants of the Project purpose; presented the Project impacts on land and crops in detail; introduced the principles and policies of compensation and advised people not to build new structures in the line ROW. PA-Hs were consulted on the entitlement policy. property affected, and the compensation amount to each household. Questions posed by the PAHs were addressed and recommendations,'concerns of PAHs and PC were recorded. Summarv of Public Consultation Meeting for the Project - Time 28 November 2003 - Location Meeting room of Camau People Cornmittee - Participants Project's PAPs. PC of Camau. DONRE of Camau. Department of Industry, Women Union of Camau Province. DPC of related districts... - C'hairpersons o' the PC2 staffs and Camau Pow-er Company Staffs. .Ileeting - C'ontents of' the PC2 introduced the project, proposed ROW. initial lfeetiag environmental and socio-economic impacts, PAPs. stakeholders raise their opinions on the project - Opinion oj P.IHs DONRE required the project to well design ROW to ancl stakeholder-s on avoid encroachment into sensitive ecosystem and environmental issues military zones; other stakeholders required on of the Pr-oject measures for pollution control. limitation in tree cutting. and support the PAHs (See ApYpendix 2) 8.2.4 Activity 4: Receiving Futrtlher Feelback from PAHs All interested parties submit their comments and concerns to the Proiect components through their authorized representatives, e.g. governmental agencies (the People Committee. People Council) and/or socio-political organizations (Fatherland Front, Farmers Association. Women Union etc.) or non-governmental organizations (e.g. Vietnam Association for the Conservation of the Nature and Environment, Biological Association, Economic Association, Foresters Association etc.). These organizations collect all comments from the local people and send them to the environmental management authorities (DONRE at provincial level or MONRE at central level) or 66 Rural Energy 2 Project - phaise Iai: Camau Province December 2003 even to provincial People's Council or National Assembly. During the environmental review- process. all comments and requirements should be discussed and conclusions be reported to the PMIU. so that the project can develop proper alternatives and implement measures for mitigation of the negative impacts. 8.2.5 A ctivitv 5: Approval and Clearance of the RAP After workina with the communes, the draft compensation document was sent the Provincial Steering Committee, which includes: Finance-Pricing Department, Planning and Investment Department, Agriculture and Rural Development Department and DONRE. The committee reviewed documents and recommended to the Chairman of the People Committee for signing the compensation document. 8.2.6 Activitv 6: Consuiltation and Clearance on EIA The Project wvill receive an investment license only after appropriate modification of location. design. capacity and/or technology of the project to meet the requirement of environmental protection and resettlement. To address disclosure requirements of OP 4.01, PC2 will: - Provide Vietnamese-language copies of the IEE, EMP reports. RAP, and Project Summary to each commune-level and provincial-level People's Committee in the Project area. - Advertise in major local newspapers several times over a twvo-month period. The advertisement w\ill state the IEE. EMP. RAP. and Project Summary is available for public reviewv for a two month period during normal working hours at the followina locations: 1) the Camau People's Committees; and 2) The commune level Peoples' Committees. - En_lish and Vietnamese-language copies of the EIA report will also be sent to the Vietnam Information Development Centre at 63 Ly Thai To in Hanoi. for access by NGOs and public. - English language copies of the IEE and ENMP report will be sent to World Bank for publication on World Bank InfoShop. 67 Rural Energy 2 Project - phise la: Cumai Province December 2003 REFERENCES t. Law on Environmental Protection of Vietnam. issued on 10th January 1994 (in Vietnamese). 9' Government of Vietnam - Decree N175/CP 18 October 1994 (in Vietnamese). 3. MOSTE - Circular N490/1998/TT-KHCNMT 29'h April 1998 (in Vietnamese). 4. MOSTE - Vietnamese Standards for the Environrnent, 1995 and 2001. 5. World Bank - Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01, October 1998); Natural Habitat (OP 4.04 November 1998). Indigenous Peoples (OD 4.20, September 1991(: Involuntary Resettlement (OD 4.30 June 1990) and Public Disclosure (September 1998). 6. PC2 F/S Report for the RE project for Camau Province. December 2003. 7. PC2 RAP Report for the RE Project for Camau Province , December 2003. 8. UNDP - WVB Project VIE 87/031 - "Mekong Delta Master Plan", Thematic Report on "Sensitive Ecological Zones in the Mekong Deita" prepared by Le Tu Trinh. NEDECO. 1993. 9. Camau Province, 2003 - Modification of Master Plan tor Socio - Economic Development to 2010, Mlarch 2003 10. DOSTE - State of the Environment of Camau Province. 2002 11. PC Thoi Binh District - State of Socio-economy of Thoi Binh District, 2002 12. PC Dam Doi District - Master Pland for Landuse of Dam Doi District, 2002 13. Reports on socio-economy of various communes in the RE Project area in Camau. 2002. 2003 14. State of the Environment of Camau Province and plans for natural conservation. Project Report conducted by Le Trinh etal. 1999 15.VESDEC-EPC. Results of Environmental Monitoring fcor the WB's Project of Southern w-aterway and Cantho Port Rehabilitaiton, 2000-2003 68 Rural Energy 2 Project - phose la: Camatt Province December 2003 ANNEXES 69 Rural Energy 2 Project - ph/ase la: Camau Province December 2003 ANNEX 1: ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING CHECKLIST The screening data checklist is intended to be a largely qualitative assessment of the environmental implications of an identified project. All the pertinent environmental issues have been listed and a simple matrix designed to allow the predominant impacts of the project to be appraised. The checklist affords a practical means whereby decision and policy makers can determine whether the project is environmentally sustainable and should progress to the preliminary design phase * Project Data Title: Province: Project Description: District: Major Components: Commune: Key Environmental Issues: Cost Estimate: Construction Contract Period: Environment Classification: Category B * Scoring Guideline for Screening Positive Impacts Negative Impacts 3: Major improvements 3: Serious significant impacts, project 2: Minor improvement should 1: Uncertain. but potential positive impact be abandoned 0: No impact 2: Impacts can be mitigated 1: Uncertain, but potential negative impact 0: No impact * Example Screening Matrix Potential Impact Score Possible Mitigation Plus Mlinus Measures for Negative Impacts Pre-Construction Project Affiected I-louseholds ** * A lign route to avoid (PAHs) resettlement * Provide compensation for PAHs Land Acquisition * * * Align route to avoid land acquisition * Provide compensation for land acquisition * * * Get permission for tree ROW clearance cutting on public lands and natural reserves 70 Rurali Energv 2 Project - phtrse la: Camazt Province December 2003 Cultural Property * Align route to avoid cultural property * Remove, relocate. and/or compensate for loss of cultural property Health Risk-s Related to ** Work with People's Explosives, and Toxic Committee to identify Substances UXO and toxic waste locations. * Conduct removal of UXOs/toxic waste Construction ROW clearance * * * Avoid clear cutting * Replanting if required for endemic and rare specicies * Ayqid burning of w0ody residues Transport of building materials * * * Cover trucks and equipment * Avoid usinc, heavy vehicles on rural roads Disposal of construction waste * * * Clean-up after - construction * Dispose waste at pe.rmitted dump sites Soil Erosion * * * Excavate erosion-prone areas during dry season only * Fill in borrow areas to avoid erosion * Ensure drainage works ins9lled whenever ap propriate Petroleum and Hazardous * * * Ensure no PCBs or Waste Spills asbestos used during construction Temporary Loss of Productive * * * Provide proper Land co mpensation * Rectify impact after construction 71 Rural Energy 2 Project - phase 1(1: Camaiu Province December 2003 Impacts of Temporary Access ** Use alternatives to Roads building temporarv access roads * After construction. restore temporary access roads to their pre-project state. - Impacts on Noise * * * Use vater sprays on and Dust roads and piles of dirt * Avoid night works in sensitive areas Electricitv Hazards * * * lWork with Provincial Power Department to m.ake sure relevant parts of system are turned off. * Ensure workers wear safety clothes and w -ork \\ith approved safety tools. Environmental Impacts Caused ** * Ensure all solid waste is Construction Workers durnped in location approved by relevant authorities * Provide adequate sewvage facilities (latrines) for workers. Social Impacts Caused by * * * Hire local people Construction Workers whenever possible * Maintain relations wvith PC and unions during construction * After construction. remove and rehabilitate wvorker camp areas. Health and Safety of * * * E:nsure adequate safety Construction NWorkers eq.iipment and safety training for construction wvorkers * Ensure access to adequate medical facilities for construction workers Health and Safety of the * * * F'ublic information General Public campaign 72 Rural Energy 2 Project - phase la: Camaui Province December 2003 ANNEX 2: CHECKLIST FOR ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITIONS Data should be collected during field visits and desk studies. Checklists for collecting the most relevant environmental and social informnation are given below as an example. A reference list of consulted documents and reports (if any) may be included as an Annex. Field visits should mainly focus on an initial field inspection of the concerned area and consultations with the local environrnental administration (DONRE) and the relevant Peoples Committees. * Checklist for Assessment of Baseline Environmental Conditions Environmental To be Checked Information Sources Conditions Atmosphere * Current air quality in the Project area. * Provincial or district NMost helpfuLl parameter is total DONRE suspended solids (TSS). Air quality Hydrometerological should be reported for both rainy and Service dry season, if possible. * If provincial/district Current noise levels in the Project information not Area. Most helpfuli parameter is available, request dB(A). Noise levels should be information from separated by night-time and day-time. MONRiE if possible. Hvdrometerological * Text on current local stresses to air Service (provincial) qualitv and noise levels (highways. factories, etc). * Information on annual rainfall/monthly rainfall in project area Aquasphere * Location and size of surface wvaters * Provincial or district (lakes, rivers, irrigation canals) DONRE * Comments on major drainage patterns * Provincial or district in the project area. DARD water resources division Geosphere * Description of major geological forms * Provincial or district and soil conditions in the Project area. DONRE division for * Comments on current erosion patterns cartography or land and values. Comments on the current use. impacts of this erosion on productive-, * Provincial or district residential, and commercial land. DARD Biosphere * Description of major ecosystems in the * Provincial DONRE Proj ect area Environmental * Identification of any rare/endangered -Management Division plants and animals * Birdlife International Website 73 Rural Energy 2 Project - phase la: Camait Province December 2003 * Identification of any sensitive (e.g. (www.birdlife.org.) wetlands, natural forests, cultural and historical sites) * Identification of any protected areas. This includes national parks, RAMSAR sites, special use forests. and areas protected under the GOV 661 Programme. * Checklist for Assessment of Baseline Social Conditions Social To be Checked Information Conditions Sources Demographics * Basic demographic information could include: * Commune - Population of each commune; Peoples' - M\ain occupation and income of each commune; Committee - Percentage of Kinh. minority groups in eachk commune (this should be in a table) - Number of households living below the GOV poverty line: - Information on education levels and literacy rates of local people Public Health * Access of local people to health and education * Provincial or and Education facilities District Department of Health Solid Waste * Assess general cleanliness of the project area * Commune Management * Check existing arrangements for garbage People's collection and disposal Committee 74 ANiNEX 3: ENVIRONM-VIENTAL PERMIT FOR THE PROJECT UBND tinh Ca Mau CQNG HOA XA. Hof CiiOJ NGHIA VIET NAM Sd TA1 NGUYEN VA MOI TRUITNG DUc lip - Ttt do - Hanh phuc. So: 099/KCM5-. Ci Mazu, ngay 02 thdng 12 nam 2003. PHIEU xAC NlAN BAN BANG KY BAT TIEU CHUAN MOI TRd1NG Dti an Nang lildng nong th6n H, tlfiih Ca Mau GLAM DOC S(Z TAI NGUlYEiN VA M6I TRU'dNG XAC NHAN Dieu 1: CUng ty Dien ltc II - Tong Cong ty Dien ILtc Viet Nam da trinh n6i dung Bin ding k-( dat ti8u chu'n mfii trtung cho DL' dn ndno lhrcsng n6ng th6n TI - Tinh Ca Mau Dieu2 C6ng t; dien luc U - T6ng CUna ty Di6n lfc Viet Nam c6 trach ahi6m thttc hien d6ng rihfir noi dung d5 dLrOc neu tronri Ban dAng ky dat tieu chuan m6i truing. U)i6u 3: Ban 1dang k dat tieu chuan mo6 tru'&n- cho Dtf an nang ltrdng nong thon II- Tinli Ca Mau d CLUng ty Di&n lurc II - To'ng Cong ty Dien li!c viet Nam lap la cd sa phap 1 de co dqXna;i quin 1N nha ntd6c ve bao ve mc6i trt6ng kiem tra viec thirc hien bao ve m6i trurdnE cua Dlf An. Dieu 4: Tron- c:-a trln.h trie'n khai DiL an. Cong ty Dien lhtc I - Tong CUng ty Di8n LL'C Viet Na,m p-a thu'c hi8n dav du' cac bien phap giam thieu 6 nhiem, bao ve m6i trurng va dim bio xtr 1t cac chat thai dat cac tieu chua'n m6i irxTng Viet Nam.. DiWu 5: Phcng M6i t:&sng, Thanh tra S() Tai nguyen va M6i trudng theo d6i, Diam sat quA trinh thirc hien cua DDu' an. Al .I EN VA MOT TRLSdNG ^ Chu du an \!i\> b M~~~~~~~01 TR@ J ,, CH dLr An.r ci - Ph6a g MT, Thanh tra. ANNEX 4: RECORDS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION FOR THE PROJECT CONG HOA XA H6I CHU NGHIA VIET NAM Doc U p - Tit Do - Hanh Phuc BIEN BANN HOP THAAM VA1N CQNG DO6NG ioi dung: Cac y kien thac mac va e6ng g6p cua cong dong ve tac d6ng m8i trudng (EIA) cua cac xa thao c Dt an Nang lttung nong thon II - tinh Ca Mau. Thoi gian: { gid4ophut, ngay 2lY thdnc i ndrn 2003. Dia diem: Van ph6nq Dien Ilc tinh Ca Mau. Thanh phan: Gon dCi dien cac cd quan, ban nganh, doan the, to cbhtc xa hoi, nhan dan c6 trong danh sach dinh k-nm. Dien bien cuoc hop: Dai dien cua chhl daau tir Dir an Nang 1l1dng nong th6n II - tinh Ca Mau trnnh bay t6rn tdt noi dung cua Dz an Dai di&il Xi n2hiep Tn van Thiet ke 'Din trlih bAy t6m tat bao can dAnh gia tAc d6nc m5i [rundg (ETA) bao gcm cAc tac d6ng mdi trnang va cac bian phap giam thieu anh hning trong 03 giai doan cua D-t An TLn xay dgng. xay duing va vin hanh. 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