V -I. / Government of Assam Assam Ruralfm tiuucture and Agricultural Service Project Society Ax1J-P/ .* qS t E984 [ r_ ,, ws-8 > ~~Volume 6 F t AJJ t\'t1 W i- Competitivess : (World Bank Funded) 1~~~- t._b e -... I' . hr. . , FINA REPUT IWV4~ Wa is~~d 7 5 r ss - A ~~~~~~~~ '' ' ,r__ - - -t 4>IJJ = sO ;~~~S a I§L&.1. v~~~~. ., ± 14. ..A - , - V /r * Department of Agriculture * ECP AGRI-1.0: Collection, Cultivation & Processing of Medicinal &Aromatic Plants ECP AGRI-2.0: Irrigation Management ECP AGRI-3.0: Soil and Nutrient Management e ECP AGRI-4.0: Fertilizer & Pesticides - Handling & Storage ECP AGRI-5.0: Land Development * Department of Fishery ECP-Fishery-1: Beel (Open Water) Fishery Management ECP-Fishery-2: Community Tank & Farmers Ponds * ECP-Fishery-3: Fish Seed Production Management * 0 Department of Animal Husbandry * ECP AH&VS 1: Management of Bio-Medical, Solid & Liquid Wastes * Department of Dairy Development * ECP Dairy 1: On Farm Waste Management * ECP Dairy 2: Management of Wastes from Milk and Meat Processing Plants and Abattoirs 0 * Common Code of Practice ECP Common 1: Biodiversity Management * ECP Common 2: Building Activities ECP Common 3: Guidelines for Training & Awareness . 0 . . * ~~~TABLE OF CONTENTS OF ECP's| Government of Assam, India g .'SssEuE',>rl|1T:~~~lor4:t[ MM an* M July 2004____ . . * 2CP AG;R'1-.O Collaction, Cul.aJation & Procassing * oof MIadicinal &Aromatlc ?kants 1.1 General * 1.1.1 The Draft Agriculture Policy of Assam identifies commercial production and harvesting of * medicinal plants and herbs as a thrust area for development of horticulture. This ECP specifies the procedures to ensure adequate protection to natural environment during collection, cultivation & production of medicinal plants and material. Though the cultivation of * medicinal and aromatic plants and their extraction is not likely to have adverse impacts on environment, the following activities need due consideration in assessing environmental * implications: (i) Selection of medicinal plants (ii) Site selection and cultivation of Medicinal * Plants (iii) Collection practices for medicinal plants, and (iv) Processing of medicinal plants and materials. 1.1.2 The code of practice shall apply to (i) area beyond lkm of protected areas; (ii) Out side * Grade II and Grade III beels; (iii) Outside Community ponds; (iv) near drainage channel (v) near rural settlements vi) agriculture fields areas, vii) outside marshes and swamps. In case * of interventions outside these areas the ETO shall categorise the project based on information provided by the beneficiary in the Project Information Document as per format presented in Appendix ECP AGRI 1.1. * 1.1.3 The provisions of this ECP comply with the legal requirements and conventions, which govern * the collection, cultivation processing, handling, packaging & storage of medicinal plant or its * derivatives. The provisions of the legislations pertaining to medicinal plants are presented in Table 1-1. Table 1-1: Legal provisions pertaining to medicinal plants * S.No Legislation Relevant provisions 1 Drug & Cosmetic Act 1940 Section 33EEB. Regulation of manufacture for sale of Ayurvedic, Siddha * and Unani drugs. Section 3: Defines forest Produce * 2 Assam Forest Regulation, 1891 Section 25: Acts prohibited in such forests Section 40: Power to make rules to regulate transit of forest produce 3 Convention on International Article II: Categories endangered flora and fauna as: * Trade in Endangered Species of . Appendix I: All species threatened with extinction Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) . Appendix II: All species which although not necessarily now * threatened with extinction may become so unless trade in specimens of such species is subject to strict regulation in order to * avoid utilization incompatible with their Survival l Appendix III: all species which any signatory to the convention identifies as being subject to regulation within its jurisdiction for * the purpose of preventing or restricting exploitation, and needing the co-operation of other signatories in the control of trade * Article 1II: Regulations on Trade of Species included in Appendix I Article IV: Regulation on Trade of Species included in Appendix II. * Article V: Regulation on Trade of Species included in Appendix III Article VI: Permits and Certificates granted under provision of Article III, IV V 0 0 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- ECP Agri. 1: Collection, Cultivation & * Processing of Medicinal Plants 0 * 1.2 Selection of medicinal plants * 1.2.1 Prior to selection of species, the cultivator shall apply for and obtain permission from State * Medicinal Plants Boardl(SMPB), Government of Assam and National Horticulture Board (NHB). The specified format for the same is presented in Appendix ECP Agri. 1.2 and Appendix ECP Agri 1.3 for medicinal and aromatic plants respecively. The proof of obtaining clearance shall * be a pre-requisite for inclusion as beneficiary in the project. The District Agriculture Officer * (DAO) shall be responsible for verification of the same. * 1.2.2 Indigenous medicinal plant species shall be selected for cultivation in the project. A List of medicinal plants suitable for Assam is provided as Appendix ECP Agri. 1.4 1.2.3 The package of practice for each medicinal and aromatic plant shall be developed by the * Assam Agriculture University or SMPB or NHB or NEDFI research Station at Khetri, Kamrup for * plants, which are suited to the climatic conditions prevalent in region. * 1.2.4 Suppliers of seeds and other propagation materials shall provide all necessary information relating to the identity, quality and performance of their products, as well as their breeding history. The propagation or planting materials shall be of appropriate quality and free from * contamination and diseases in order to promote healthy plant growth. Planting material * should be resistant or tolerant to biotic or abiotic factors. * 1.3 Site selection and cultivation of medicinal plants * 1.3.1 The quality of medicinal plant materials derived from the same species can show significant * differences when cultivated at different sites, owing to the influence of soil, climate and other factors. Towards these, the site selection for cultivation of medicinal plants needs to be worked out based on a careful evaluation of environmental characteristics of site, as * illustrated in Box 1-1. -- BBox 1-1: Guidelines for site selection... * * Climatic conditions . Length of day, rainfall (water supply), field temperature etc * Risks of contamination by hazardous substances, including * Site conditions heavy metals, agricultural chemical agents, and other industrial waste. Impactso lHistory of previous crops lmpacts * Evaluation of any applications of plant protection products _ Well-drained and well-irrigated soil to be preferred * Drainage and soil condrdons . soil type, drainage, moisture retention, fertility and pH to be _ considered Risk of cDntaminatk D* omestic animals and human beings should not contaminate * Risk at contamination water har irrigation and harvest of medicinal plants. 1.3.2 The cultivation of medicinal plants shall be as per the guidelines2 developed by Department of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga & Neuropathy, Unnani, Siddha & Homeopathy), Ministry of Health & . * Family Welfare, Government of India. Towards cultivation of local species of medicinal plants, * traditional methods of cultivation shall be adopted. 1 The Medicinal Plants Board was set up under a Govemment Resolution (No. Z18020/19/97-M.P.Cell) notified on 24th November 2000 under the Chairpersonship of Union Health & Family Welfare Minister. The Medicinal Plants Board at the * national level is devoted for overall development of the medicinal plants sector in the country. However, for the development of the medicinal plants sector at the regional/state level, the National Board has initiated action and the respective state/Union * Territories govemments were requested to constitute the State Medicinal Plants Boards (SMPBs). 2 http://indianmedicine.nic.in/html/plants/mcmain.htm#rmed * @. 1-2 0 ECP Agri. 1: Collection, Cultivation & * Processing of Medicinal Plants 0 * 1.3.3 Prior to application of fertilizers for medicinal plants, the following aspects shall be * considered: Appropriate types and quantities of fertilizers should be used. * Human excreta must not be used as a fertilizer owing to the potential presence of infectious microorganisms or parasites. . Land should be manured with well-fermented organic compost either prior to planting or immediately * after the first harvest. * All fertilizing agents should be applied sparingly and in accordance with the needs of the particular * medicinal plant species and supporting capacity of the soil. (Refer ECPAGRI 5: Nutrient Management) * Growers shall implement practices that contribute to soil conservation and minimize erosion * 1.4 Collection and harvesting practices for medicinal plants 1.4.1 Collection from Wild: The collector shall obtain permission from SMPB, State Forest Department and sub regional office of wildlife preservation prior to collecting any plants from the wild. Sufficient time (at least three months) for the processing and issuance of these * permits shall be allocated at the planning stage (Refer Box 1-2) * b Box 1-2: Pre-requisites for collection... * The collector prior to initiating a collection expedmon shall: * . Determine the geographical distnbution and population density, of the target medidnal plant specdes * * Obtain essential information on the target species (taxonomy, distribution, phenology, genetic diversity, reproductive biology and ethnobotany) * 1.4.2 The collector shall send sample of the medicinal plant to the SMPB/NEDFI/AAU for * identification and offsite conservation. 1.4.3 To ensure all stakeholders namely traders, collectors and farmers under go training to * familiarise with techniques for collecting, handling and transportation of medicinal plants * collected from wild. . The PCU shall work out dissemination materials containing illustrations of the target medicinal plant(s) and ethnographical information (common or local names) of the target species and plant parts for wide dissemination in the project areas. . The Department shall prepare a management plan containing details of (i) the species and the plant * parts (roots, leaves, fruits, etc.) to be collected; and (ii) specify collection levels and collection practices. The framework shall provide for setting sustainable harvest levels and describe appropriate collection practices. It is incumbent on the government or environmental authority to ensure that * buyers of collected plant material do not place the collected species at risk (Refer Box 1.3). 0 0 0 0 * 1-3 ECP Agri. 1: Collection, Cultivation & Processing of Medicinal Plants 0 * ~~~~~~The collector of medidnal plant from wild should: * Determine as to whether the target species at collection site are not rare or scarce. * * Ensure medicinal plant materials are collected during the appropriate season or time ^ * ~~~~~~~Practice ecologically sustainable sy*tem3 of collection. The collectors would however have to _ be trained by ecologically sustainable system of collection (Refer ECP Common 3: Training ) * * Avoid collecting in or near areas where high levels of pesticides or other possible contaminants are used or found. l In the course of collection, efforts should be made to remove parts of the plant that are not required and foreign matter, in particular toxic weeds. a Avoid clearing of vegetation in the area (other than the target species), as the locations of . g collection are generally rich in biodiversity. a In general, the collected raw medicinal plant materials should not come into direct contact * : with the soil. If underground parts (such as the roots) are used, any adhering soil should be removed from the plants as soon as they are collected. Collected material should be placed in clean baskets, mesh bags, other well-aerated containers or drop cloths that are free from * foreign matter, induding plant remnants from previous collecting activites. * If more than one medicinal plant part Is to be collected, the different plant spedes or plant * materials shouki be gathered separately and transpored in separate containers. - * 1.4.4 Harvesting of Cultivated Plant: To ensure the production of medicinal plant materials and * finished herbal products of the best possible quality, the cultivator shall harvest the medicinal * plants during the optimal season or time period. The DAO shall be responsible for providing information to the beneficiaries on the timing of harvest. To ensure good quality of produce * and harvest environmentally safe product the following guidelines should be adopted: * * The time of harvest would depend on the part of the plant to be used. The best time for harvesting (quality peak season or time of day) shall be determined according to the quality and quantity of * biologically active constituents rather than the total vegetative yield of the targeted medicinal plant * parts. * Medicinal plants shall be harvested under the best possible conditions, avoiding dew, rain or * exceptionally high humidity. If harvesting occurs in wet conditions, the harvested material shall be transported immediately to an indoor drying facility to expedite drying so as to prevent any possible deleterious effects due to increased moisture levels, which promote microbial fermentation and mould. * Cutting devices, harvesters, and other machines shall be kept clean and adjusted to reduce damage and contamination from soil and other materials. * * The harvested plants shall be stored in an uncontaminated, dry place or facility free from insects, rodents, birds and other pests, and inaccessible to livestock and domestic animals Decomposed medicinal plant materials shall be discarded during harvest, post-harvest inspections and 5 processing, in order to avoid microbial contamination and loss of product quality. 1.5 Storage, transportation, processing and supply 1.5.1 The following aspects shall be taken care of by personnel directly or indirectly involved in the storage, transportation, processing and supply of medicinal plants. * The botanical identification, cultivation characteristics and environmental requirements (soil type, soil * pH, fertility, plant spacing and light requirements), as well as the means of harvest and storage. . * All personnel (including field workers) involved in the propagation, cultivation, harvest and post-harvest * processing stages of medicinal plant production should maintain appropriate personal hygiene and should have received training regarding their hygiene responsibilities. 0 Only properly trained personnel, wearing appropriate protective clothing (such as overalls, gloves, ' 0 helmet, goggles, face mask), should apply agrochemicals. 3When collecting roots of trees and bushes, the main roots should not be cut or dug up, and severing the taproot of trees and bushes should be avoided. Only some of the lateral roots should be located and collected. When collecting species whose bark * is the primary material to be used, the tree should not be girdled or completely stripped of its bark; longitudinal strips of bark along one side of the tree should be cut and collected. 1-4 0 ECP Agri. 1: Collection, Cultivation & * Processing of Medicinal Plants 0 0 Growers and producers should receive instruction on all issues relevant to the protection of the environment, conservation of medicinal plant species, and proper agricultural stewardship. The * Department should collate these information from SMPB, Forest Department, Wild Life Boards and that farmer, collectors and traders have easy access to this information. 1.5.2 For medicinal plant materials intended for export from the country, all statutory requirements * such as export permits, phytosanitary certificates required as per the Convention on * International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) permit(s) (for * export and import), CITES certificates (for re-export), and other permits shall be obtained as 0 and when required from State Wildlife Department and sub regional offices of Wildlife Preservation located at Guwahati. 1.6 Processing 1.6.1 Appropriate measures of primary processing are dependent on the individual materials. These * processes should be carried out in conformity with good manufacturing practices4 specified by * Department of AYUSH (Refer Appendix ECP Agri. 1.5). Raw medicinal plant materials should * be inspected and sorted prior to primary processing. The inspection may include: . Visual inspection for cross-contamination by untargeted medicinal plants and/or plant parts; * . Visual inspection for foreign matter; 0 Organoleptic evaluation, such as: appearance, damage, size, colour, odour, and possibly taste. 1.6.2 Processed medicinal plant materials shall be packaged as quickly as possible to prevent * deterioration of the product and to protect against unnecessary exposure to potential pest * attacks and other sources of contamination. The packaging and labelling of the products * should be in accordance with Section 161 of Drug & Cosmetic Act 1940 0 1.6.3 Conveyances used for transporting bulk medicinal plant materials from the place of production to storage for processing should be cleaned between loads. Bulk transport, such * as rail wagons, trucks and other vehicles shall be cleaned and, where appropriate, well * ventilated to remove moisture from medicinal plant materials and to prevent condensation. * 1.6.4 All equipment and utensils used in the handling of medicinal plants shall be made of materials 0 that do not transmit toxic substances, odour or taste, are non-absorbent, are resistant to corrosion and are capable of withstanding repeated cleaning and disinfection. (Refer j Appendix ECP Agri. 1.5) S S 0 S 0 0 0 0 * Good Manufacturing Practices for Ayurvedic, Siddha & Unnani Medicines Notified under Drugs & Cosmetic Act 1940 on 23rd June 2000 1-5 . ECP Agri. 1: Collection, Cultivation & * ........ Processing of Medicinal Plants SELECTION AND APPROVAL OF MEDICINAL Clause 1.2.1 PLANTS Approval from SMPB Prior to cultivaton * .S I Clause 1.3.1 ^ SITE SELECTION FORCULTIVATION OFMDCNA LN LECTION R TI IN Selection ol Slte as per Sol and Climati condition * |, . # SELECTION OF INPUTS FOR CULTIVATIONS1..4 HInormaebon on Seeds and oter Inputs *. IA Clause 1.3.24 i . | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Guidelines of Cultivationsl t~~~~ CULTIVATION OF MEDICINAL PLANT Clause 1.3.3 I l ECPs of soil and Nutrent Management ... ._ . . I. . . C lausel.41. 1.4.2 & 1.43 * COLLECTION & HARVESTING OF MEDICINAL ___ Collection Pracnaces rom Wildce Clause 1.4.4 l _I. . .A.AIN. Harvesting od Medcinal Plants _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Clause 1.4.4 * _ ~~~~~~~~~~TRANSPORT HAN DLING STORAGE ON-SITE Storage df plant shall tie in good condition * [_. I * ~~~~~~~~PRIMARY PROCESSING & EXTRACTION- * * I H Cas .. .. STORAGE Clause 1.5.1 0 DISPOSAL OF WASTE~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Good Management Practice * S_I * _ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Ctause 1.5.2l *~~~~~~~~~~~~~AKTN N PaCAIGPckaging and Labeling as per Crug Acts * I * ~~~~~~~~~~~STORAGE |Clause 1.5.3l Clean and Venblabon ol Transport : * 0 0 0 0 _ _ 1-6 I0 ECP Agri. 1: Collection, Cultivation & Processing of Medicinal Plants * APPENDIX ECP AGRI 1.1: PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT * CULTIVATION, COLLECTION AND EXTRACTION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS * \ District I Block I * i Village | Name of Beneficiary | * 1. Type of Intervention Collector Farmer Trader Exteractor * 2. Distance of the Facility from: i) Sensitive Location National parks, m NA Sanctuaries,. m NA Ramsar sites, | _ m NA * Grade I Beels, | m NA Classified Forests m NA 3. Nature and Scale of Operation Species of Medicinal Plant Collected of Cultivated * A. Collected Type of Plant Botanical Name Area from Which it is collected (name of Approximate * ~~~Collected Village, District or Forest area if any Quantity Collected * B. Cultivated * Name of the Plant Botanical Plant Area under cultivation Source of planting _ Collected material or sapling C. Trader Name of the Plant Botanical Name Source of supply * ~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~Cultivation Collection Quantity Source Q uantity Source 0 * D. Extractor i) Species for Extraction (both name of the plant and the Botanical name): ii) Source of water iii) Number of extractor * iv) Is there a provision for a secondary extraction Unit Yes No 0 : * 1-7 * APPLICATION FOR GiRANT OF CERTIFICATE OF RE6ISTRATION/ 0 * RENEWAL AS MEDICINAL PLANTS COLLECTOP(s)/FAPRMER(s)/TRAC)EP(s) * 1. a) Name of the applicant(s)/contact person (in block letter) b) Status (individual/firm/ company/society/ * association/contractor/Govt. undertaking) * c) Date of establishment/engagement in the field of medicinal plants (trader enclose prof i le, if any) d) Fresh or renewal, if renewal, give previous year's certificate e) Amount and details of fee remitted f) If already registered, furnish details with the name of the * State and agency GO or NGO (attach copy of registration) a 2. a) Address in full of the place(s) of storage/shop/ processing * plant/unit(s) etc., if any b) Telephone, Fax and E-mail number(s) * 3. Whether A) Collector: B) Farmer; C) Trader (mention specifically) 0 * A. COLLECTOR(s): a 4. Items of medicinal plants/parts/products collected (furnish details including aprox. Quantit ecollected in following table): 5. No. Name of Botanical name Area of Aprox. * herb (s) collection with Quantity * Dist/ forest (kg.) *1.Div. * ~~~ ~~2. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3. * 5. Are you an authorised collector of medicinal plants? (with permission of Govt. or other authorised body) 6. Years during which the application was in possession of Board's certificate of registration (for renewal only) * 7. Whether collected product supplied under some brand name(s)/trade a mark(s) 8. Medicinal plants material collected and supplied i.e. raw/semi processed or processed during last 03 years. * S. Year Name of Area Approx. To whom * No . species f rom quantity supplied * collected where (kg.) 200 to 200 collected * 1. 200__ to_200 * 2. 200 to 200 3. 200 to 200 0 Wi~~~~~~~~~~ B. FARMER (s): 9. Details of Land: i) Location (giving name of State/district/ tehsil/village/ khasra no. etc.) * ii) Status & title of land, whether on lease or free hold (attach a copy of a ownership/land registration) v iii) Area (in acre) v 10. Medicinal plants cultivated; furnish list with details: i . S. No Common name of Botanical Name with Area under plant plant part/product cultivation (acre) * 2. 3. 4 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C. TRADERS: * i) Sources of purchase/collection: from wild or * cultivated: a ii) State areas where items supplied in last three ,years S. Year Name of State Approx. FOB No. species quantity Value * (qtl.) (Rs.) * 1. 2000-2001 _ _ _ * 2. 2001-2002 3. 2002-2003 . . * bECLARATION 0 VI/We, declare that the information given above are true to the best of my knowledge * and belief and that I/We shall abide by the Board Rules, the condition laid down in the certificate and any instruction (s) given by the Board from time to time regarding the a conducting of business. Place: Signature of the Applicant(s) Dated: with seal . . . I ECP Agri. 1: Collection, Cultivation & Processing of Medicinal Plants APPENDIX ECP AGRI 1.3 APPROVAL FOR DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF HORTICULTURE CROPS * i) Date of application ii) Control No.: * (to be given by NHB) * To . The Managing Director * National Horticulture Board * Plot No. 85, Sector 18, Institutional Area, Gurgaon - 122015 (Haryana) (Application for in-Principle Approval (IPA) under the scheme "Development of Commercial * Horticulture through Production and Post Harvest Management" of National Horticulture * Board) A GROWER/ENTREPRENEUR * 1. Name and address of the beneficiary * 2. Promoters Profile i) Principal Promoter * ii) other * 3. Name of the Associate Bank/FI and term loan account number of the Project/ Beneficiary. 4. Details of Financial assistance, availed by the applicant in past for the similar activity at the * same piece of land, if any * 5. Details of financial assistance, if availed for any other project. B PROPOSED PROJECT 1. Name of the project * 2. Location * 3. Nature/main activity under the project a) Area under cultivation (In Acres) * b) Capacity in MT in case of primary processing * c) Technology Tie-up, if any * C PROJECT COST (Component-wise) * Component/Item * 1. Cultivation of Crops i) Irrigation infrastructure (Like wells/pipeline) ii) Drip/Sprinkler irrigation (including fogger/mister) * iii) Cultivation expenses (Planting material, fertilizer, pesticides, etc.) iv) Infrastructure (like store, generator room, pump house, labour quarter, etc with cost break-up of each item) * v) Land development (including fencing) vi) Land * 2. Cost of Post Harvest Management (PHM)/Primary Processing lines, if any (with cost detail of individual components) * 3. Other components, if any * Total -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- * g i 1-8 0 ECP Agri. 1: Collection, Cultivation & Processing of Medicinal Plants * PROPOSED MEANS OF FINANCE * I) Promoter's share with details * II) Bank/FI term loan III) NHB subsidy (Bridge loan contribution made either by Promoter through Bank finance * or other means may be clarified) IV) Other sources with details (Assistance from State Govt./Govt of India Agencies should Total clearly be mentioned) * Total * E DETAILS OF LAND * SURVER\KHASRA No i) In case of lease/tenancy/contract, a copy of the registered agreement may be * enclosed) * ii) In case of own land copy of latest title/papers be enclosed * 1.6.5 PRESENT STATUS Details of already existing assets which will form part of the proposed project on completion. * 1.6.6 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE * I) Proposed month for undertaking + land development. * II) Proposed month for plantation III) Expected date/month of first commercial crop IV) Proposed date for start of unit in case of processing 1.6.7 MARKETING Detail of Marketing tie-up (Backward/forward linkages) 1.6.8 RECOMMENDATION OF THE BANK 0 * (Signature of the Authorised Bank Officer) Name of the Officer * Designation * Name of the Bank Bank Branch Address Telephone/Fax No.: * Place: * Date: * NOTE: ATTACH FOLLOWING DOCUMENTS * i) Fact sheet from Bank (as per guidelines) ii) Appraisal note from Bank * iii) Sanction letter of term loan from Bank iv) Proof of land ownership/lease 0 : 1-9 ECP Agri. 1: Collection, Cultivation & Processing of Medicinal Plants * APPENDIX ECP AGRI 1.4: LIST OF MEDICINAL PLANTS FEASIBLE IN ASSAM PROPOSED BY * STATE MEDICINAL PLANT BOARD * SI.No Name Botinical Name Yeild * 1. Amia Emblica officinalis 10 t fruit 2. Ashok Saraca asoca 2,000 bark * 3. Bael Aegle marmelos * 4. Bhumi amiaki Phyllanthus amaracus 5 qtis herbage 5. Bramhi Bacopa monnieri 20 qtls herbage 6. Chandan Santalum album 1,500 kg heart wood 7. Giloe Tinsopora cordifolia 4 kg dry stem 8. Gumdar Gymnema sylvestre 4 qtl leaves 9. Kalihari Glorisia superba 13 qtls seed/ 30 qtls tuber * 10. Kalmegh Andrographis paniculata 12 qtl herbage * 11. Makoy Solanum nigrum 5 qtl herbage 12. Safed Musali Chlorophytum borivillianum 3.5 dry roots * 13. Pathurchur Coleus barbaratus * 14. Pippali Piper Longum 2.5 qtls spikes/ 1 qtls root 15. Sarpagandha Rauwolfa Serpentina 6 qtl dry root * 16. Shatavari Asparagus racemosus * 17. Tulsi Ocimum sanctum 20-25kg of oil 0 0 0 S S 0 *0 S - . * 1-10 S~~M ECP Agri. 1: Collection, Cultivation & Processing of Medicinal Plants * ANNEXURE ECP AGRI 1.5: GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES FOR AYURVEDIC, SIDDHA AND UNANI * MEDICINES NOTIFIED UNDER DRUGS & COSMETIC ACT 1940 ON 23rd JUNE 2000 The Good Manufacturing Practices are prescribed to ensure that: (i) Raw materials used in the manufacture of drugs are authentic, of prescribed quality and are free from contamination. (ii) The manufacturing process is as has been prescribed to maintain the standards. (iii) Adequate quality control measures are adopted and * (iv) The manufactured drug, which is released for sale, is of acceptable quality. (v) To achieve the objectives listed above, each license shall evolve methodology and procedures for following the prescribed process of manufacture of drugs, which should be documented as a manual and kept for * reference and inspection. However, teaching institutions and registered qualified Vaidyas, Siddhas and Hakeems who prepare medicines on their own to dispense to their patients and not selling such drugs in the market are exempted from the purview of G.M.P. PART I * GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES Factory Premises: The manufacturing plant should have adequate space for:- (i) Receiving and storing raw material. ii. Manufacturing process Areas * iii. Quality control section. iv. Finished goods store v. Office vi. Rejected goods/drugs store 1.2 General Requirements: 1.1(A) Location and surroundings: * The factory buildings for manufacture of Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani medicines shall be so situated and shall have such construction as to avoid contamination from open sewrage, drain, public lavatory or any factory which 0 * produces disagreeable or obnoxious odour or fumes or excessive soot, dust or smoke. . 1.1(B) Buildings: * The building used for factory shall be such as to permit production of drugs under hygenic conditions and should be free from cobwebs and insects/rodents. It should have adequate provision of light and ventilation. The floor * and the walls should not be damp or moist. The premises used for manufacturing, processing, packaging and * labeling will be in conformity with the provisions of the Factory Act. It shall be located so as to be: (I) Compatible with other manufacturing operations that may be carried out in the same or adjacent premises. * (II) Adequately provided with working space to allow orderly and logical placement of equipment and materials to avoid the risk of mix up between different drugs or components thereof and control the possibility of cross contamination by other drugs or substances and avoid the risk of omission of any manufacturing or control * step: (III) Designed, constructed and maintained to prevent entry of insects and rodents. Interior surface (walls, floors and ceilings) shall be smooth and free from cracks and permit easy cleaning and disinfection. The walls of the room in which the manufacturing operations are carried out shall be impervious to and be capable of being kept clean. The flooring shall be smooth and even and shall be such as not to permit retention or 0 accumulation of dust or waste products. *A1-11 ECP Agri. 1: Collection, Cultivation & Processing of Medicinal Plants 0 (IV) Provided with proper drainage system in the processing area. The sanitary fitting and electrical fixtures in the manufacturing area shall be proper and safe. (V) Furnace/Bhatti section could be covered with tin roof & proper ventilation, but sufficient care should be taken to prevent flies and dust. (VI) There should be fire safety measures and proper exits should be there. 1.1 (C) Water Supply: The water used in manufacture shall be pure and of potable quality. Adequate provision of water for washing the premises shall be made. * 1.1(D) Disposal of Waste: From the manufacturing sections and laboratories the waste water & the residues which might be prejudicial to * the workers or public health shall be disposed off after suitable treatment as per guidelines of pollution control authorities to render them harmless. * 1.1(E) Container's Cleaning: In factories where operations involving the use of containers such as bottles, vials and jars are conducted, there shall be adequate arrangements separated from the manufacturing operations for washing, cleaning and drying of such containers. 1.1(F) Stores: Storage should have proper ventilation and shall be free from dampness. It should provide independent adequate space for storage of different types of material, such as raw material, packaging material & finished products. * 1.1(F)(A) Raw Materials: All raw materials procured for manufacturing will be stored in the raw materials store. The manufacture based on the experience and the characteristics of the particular raw material used in Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani system shall decide the use of appropriate containers which would protect. 9 Quality of the raw material as well as prevent it from damage due to dampness, microbiological contamination or rodent and insect infestation, etc. If certain raw materials require such controlled environmental conditions, the raw materials stores may be sub-divided with proper enclosures to provide such conditions by suitable * cabinization. While designing such containers, cabins or areas in the raw materials store, care may be taken to * handle the following different categories of raw material:- * 1. Raw material of metallic origin. * 2. Raw material of mineral origin. 3. Raw material from animal source. * 4. Fresh Herbs. 5. Dry Herbs or plant parts. * 6. Excipients etc. * * t 7. Volatile oils/perfumes & flavours. 8. Plant extracts and exudates/resins. Each container used for raw material storage shall be properly identified with the label which indicates name of the raw material, source of supply and will also clearly state the status of raw material such as 'UNDER TEST' or | * = @ 1-12 ECP Agri. 1: Collection, Cultivation & Processing of Medicinal Plants * 'APPROVED' or 'REJECTED'. The labels shall further indicate the identify of the particular supply in the form of * batch No. or lot No. and the date of receipt of the consignment. All the raw materials shall be sampled and got tested either by the in house Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani experts (Quality control technical person) or by the laboratories approved by the Government and shall be used only on 0 approval after verifying. The rejected raw material should be removed from other raw material store and should be kept in separate room. Procedure of 'First in first out' should be adopted for raw materials wherever necessary. Records of the receipt, testing and approval or rejection and use of raw material shall be maintained. 1.i(F)(B) Packaging Materials: All packaging materials such as bottles, jars, capsules etc. shall be stored properly. All containers and closure shall be adequately cleaned and dried before packing the products. * 1.1(F)(C) Finished Goods Stores: The finished goods transferred from the production area after proper packaging shall be stored in the finished goods stores within an area marked "Quarantine". After the quality control laboratory and the experts have * checked the correctness of finished goods with reference to its packing/labeling as well as the finished product quality as prescribed, then it will be moved to "Approved Finished Goods Stock" area. Only approved finished goods shall be dispatched as per marketing requirements. Distribution records shall be maintained as required. * If any Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani drug needs special storage conditions, finished goods store shall provide necessary environmental requirements. 1.1.(G) Working space: * The manufacturing area shall provide adequate space (manufacture and quality control) for orderly placement of equipment and material used in any of the operations for which these are employed so as to facilitate easy and safe working and to minimize or to eliminate any risk of mix-up between different drugs, raw materials and to prevent the possibility of cross contamination of one drug by another drug that is manufactured, stored or handled in the same premises. 1.1(H) Health Clothing, Sanitation and Hygiene of Workers: All workers employed in the Factory shall be free from contagious diseases. The clothing of the workers shall 0 consist of proper uniform suitable to the nature of work and the climate and shall be clean. The uniform shall also include cloth or synthetic covering for hands, feet and head wherever required. Adequate facilities for personal cleanliness such as clean towels, soap and scrubbing brushes shall be provided. Separate provision shall be made for lavatories to be used by men and women, and such lavatories shall be located at places separated from * the processing rooms. Workers will also be provided facilities for changing their clothes and to keep their * personal belongings. * 1.1(1) Medical Services: The Manufacturer shall also provide:- (a) adequate facilities for first aid; (b) medical examination of workers at the time of employment and periodical check up thereafter by a physician once a year, with particular attention being devoted to freedom from infections. Records thereof shall be maintained. 1.1(J) Equipment: For carrying out manufacturing depending on the size of operation and the nature of product manufactured, suitable equipment either manually operated or operated semi-automatically (Electrical or steam based) or fully 1-13 S ECP Agri. 1: Collection, Cultivation & Processing of Medicinal Plants automatic machinery shall be made available. These may include machines for use in the process of * manufacture such as crushing, grinding, powdering, boiling, mashing, burning, roasting, filtering, drying filling, labeling and packing etc. To ensure ease in movement of workers and orderliness in operations a suitably adequate space will be ensured between two machines or rows of machines. These Equipments have to be * properly installed and maintained with proper cleaning. Proper standard operational procedures (SOPs) for cleaning, maintaining & performance of every machine * should be laid down. * 1.1(K) Batch Manufacturing Records: The licencee shall maintain batch manufacturing record of each batch of Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani drugs manufactured irrespective of the type of product manufactured (classical preparation or patent and proprietary medicines). Manufacturing records are required to provide an account of the list of raw materials and their quantities obtained from the store, tests conducted during the various stages of manufacture like taste, colour, physical characteristics and chemical tests as may be necessary or indicated in the approved books of Ayurveda, * Siddha and Unani mentioned in the First Schedule of the Drugs and Cosmetic Act, 1940 (23 of 1940). These 5 tests may include any in-house or pharmacopoeial test adopted by the manufacturer in the raw material or in the process material and in the finished product. These records shall be duly signed by Production and Quality * Control Personnel respectively. Details of transfer of manufactured drug to the finished products store including dates and quantity of drugs transferred along with record of testing of the finished product, if any, and packaging, records shall be maintained. Only after the manufactured drugs have been verified and accepted quality shall be 0 allowed to be cleared for sale. It should be essential to maintain the record of date, manpower, machine and equipments used and to keep in process record of various shodhana, Bhavana, burning in fire and specific grindings in terms of internal use. * 1.1(L) Distribution Records: Records of sale and distribution of each batch of Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani Drugs shall be maintained in order * to facilitate prompt and complete recall of the batch, if necessary. 1.1(M) Record of Market Complaints: Manufacturers shall maintain a register to record all reports of market complaints received regarding the products sold in the market. The manufacturer shall enter all data received on such market complaints, investigations carried out by the manufacturers regarding the complaint as well as any corrective action initiated to prevent recurrence of such market complaints shall also be recorded. Once in a period of six months the manufacturer shall submit the record of such complaints to the licensing authority. The Register shall also be available for S inspection during any inspection of the premises. Reports of any adverse reaction resulting from the use of Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani drugs shall also be maintained in a separate register by each manufacturer. The manufacturer shall investigate any of the adverse reaction to find if the same is due to any defect in the product, and whether such reactions are already reported in the literature or it is a new observation. * 1.1(N) Quality Control: Every licensee is required to provide facility for quality control section in his own premises or through * Government approved testing laboratory. The test shall be as per the Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani pharmacopoeial standard. Where the tests are not available, the test should be performed according to the manufacturers specification or other information available. The quality control section shall verify all the raw * materials, monitor in process, quality checks and control the quality of finished product being released to finished goods store/ware house. Preferably for such Quality control there will be a separate expert. The quality control section shall have the following facilities: TMAW 1-14 p~~ELS ECP Agri. 1: Collection, Cultivation & * Processing of Medicinal Plants * 1. There should be 150 sq. feet area for quality control section. 2. For identification of raw drugs, reference books and reference samples should be maintained. 3. Manufacturing record should be maintained for the various processes. 4. To verify the finished products, controlled samples of finished products of each batch will be kept for 3 years. 5. To supervise and monitor adequacy of conditions under which raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products are stored. * 6. Keep record in establishing shelf life and storage requirements for the drugs. * 7. Manufacturers who are manufacturing patent proprietory Ayuveda Siddha, and Unani medicines shall provide their own specification and control references in respect of such formulated drugs. 8. The record of specific method and procedure of preparation, that is, "Bhavana", "Mardana" and "Puta" and the record of every process carried out by the manufacturer shall be maintained. * 9. The standards for identity, purity and strength as given in respective pharmacopoeias of Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani systems of medicines published by Government of India shall be complied with. 10. All raw materials will be monitored for fungal, bacterial contamination with a view to minimise such contamination. 11. Quality control section will have a minimum of 12. a. one person with Degree qualification in Ayurveda/Siddha/Unani (A.S.U.) as per Schedule II of Indian Medicine Central Council Act, 1970 (84 of 1970) of a recognized university or Board. b. Provided that Bachelor of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy and Chemistry may be associated with the quality control section. 3.0 Requirement for Sterile Product: (A) Manufacturing Areas For the manufacture of sterile Ayurvedic, Unani and Siddha drugs, separate enclosed areas specifically designed for the purpose shall be provided. These areas shall be provided with air locks for entry and shall be essentially dust free and ventilated with an air supply. For all areas where aseptic manufacture has to be carried out, air supply shall be filtered through bacteria retaining filters (HEPA Filters) and shall be at a pressure higher than in the adjacent areas. The filters shall be checked for performance on installation and periodically thereafter the record of checks shall be maintained. All the surfaces in sterile manufacturing areas shall be designed to facilitate cleaning and disinfection. For sterile manufacturing routine microbial counts of all Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani * drug manufacturing areas shall be carried out during operations. Results of such count shall be checked against established in-house standards and record maintained. S Access to manufacturing areas shall be restricted to minimum number of authorised personnel. Special * procedure to be followed for entering and leaving the manufacturing areas shall be written down and displayed. For the manufacturing of Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani drug that can be sterilised in their final containers, the design of the areas shall preclude the possibility of the products intended for sterilisation being mixed with or taken to be products already sterilised. In case of terminally sterilised products, the design of the areas shall preclude the possibility of mix up between non-sterile and sterile products. MWWWO 1-15 e ECP Agri. 1: Collection, Cultivation & Processing of Medicinal Plants (B) Precautions against contamination and mix: a. Carrying out manufacturing operations in a separate block of adequately isolated building or operating in * ~~~~~an isolated enclosure within the building. b. Using appropriate pressure differential in the process area. * ~~~~c. Providing a suitable exhaust system. d. Designing laminar flow sterile air systems for sterile products. e. The germicidal efficiency of UV lamps shall be checked and recorded indicating the burning hours or * ~~~~~checked using intensity. f. Individual containers of liquids, and opthalmic solutions shall be examined against black-white * ~~~~~background fitted with diffused light after filling to ensure freedom from contamination with foreign suspended matter. * ~~~~g. Expert technical staff approved by the Licensing Authority shall check and compare actual yield against theoretical yield before final distribution of the batch. 0 ~~~All process controls as required under master formula including room temperature relative humidity, volume filled, * ~~~leakage and clarity shall be checked and recorded. 4p ~PART -Il * ~~A. LIST OF MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT AND MINIMUM MANUFACTURING PERMISES REQUIRED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF VARIOUS CATEGORIES OF AYURVEDIC, SIDDHA SYSTEM OF MEDICINES. 0 - ~ ~ ~ ------ - ---SCat edicin of reqiuire manufacturing -spaceM- ie/eupmn eomne * -- - ~~~~~~~~1200 Square feet covered area with :separate cabins partitions for each 5 'a~~~~~~~~~~~~~ctivity. If Unani medicines are manufactured in same Premises an additional Area of 400 sq. feet will be required. I I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Karel/mechnised/motorised,knarel, End! * ' 1. Anjana/Pisti 100 Sq. feet ~~~~~~~runner! Ball-Mill Sieves/Shifter :Churna/Nasya iGrinder! Disintegrator/ Manjan/Lepa Kwath ChurnSq.feet 2. wah 200n Pulverisar! Powder mixer! sieves/shifter . ~~~~Ball Mill, Mass mixer powder mixer pill/vati Pills/Vatti/Gutika cutting machine,stainless steel trays! * ~~~~~~Matirai 10qfetContainers for Storage. Driers/Mechanised chattee(for mixing guggul) where required. * 1 ~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~Ball Mill, Mass * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Mixer/PowdermixerGranulator drier, Tablet ~~-'~~"'~~~' 100Sf ~~~compressing Machine and sugar-Coating, 4. iTablts 1 0 q.feet fliching pay in case of sdgar coated 5 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~tablets,mechanisedchattee (for mixing of guggulu) where required. * ~~~~5. 'Kupi pakva/! l50 Sq.feet Bhatti, Karahi! Stainles Steel * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1-16 ECP Agri. 1: Collection, Cultivation & * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Processing of Medicinal Plants :Ksara/Parpati/ Vessels/Patila Flask, Multani Matti/Plaster' Lavana B3hasma*o Paris,Copper Rod,Earthen container, ,Satva/ Sindura, iGaj Put Bhatti, Muffle furnace(Electri cally Karpu/Uppu/Param I IOeatd End/Edge Runner, Exhaust' I I Fan, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~Wooden/S.S. Spatula. * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Earthen lamps for Collection of Kaja,Ij Tipple Roller Mill, End Runner, Sieves, 6 Kajal I1100 Sq. feet S.S.Patila,Filling/packing and manufacturing room should be providedlI * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~with exhaust fan & ultra violet lamps Air Conditioner, De humidifier,: 7. Capsules ;100 Sq.feet '~~~hygrometer,Thermo-meter, Capsule fillingi 7. Capsules 100 Sq.feet ~~~~Machine and chemical balance. 5 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Tube filling Pasai machine, Crimping * 8 100 Sq.feet I ~~~~~~~~~~~Medicine/Ointment Mixer, End Runner /Mill l(Where required), S.S. Storage Container S..Patila Bhatti section fitted with Exhaust fan and * ~~~~~9 100 Sq.feet should be fly proof, Iron Kadahi/ S.S. Patila * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~and S.S. Storage container Tinctum press, Kwath Manapaku exhaust * fa~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~n fitted and fly proof, Bhatti section, I 10 SrpPrvh 150 Sq.feet Bfl ahn ahn,fle rs/rv yrup/Pravahi ~~~~~~~~~~~filter Liquid filling tank with tap/liquid filling! * m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~achine, P.P. Copping Machine. * I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Same as mentioned above. ;Fermentation tanks containers and 0 ~~~~ Asava/Aristha ~~~~~~~~~~Distillation Plant where necessary, Filter~ I 1 Aava/Aistha 200 Sq.feetPrs 12 100 Sq.feet ~~~~~~~~~~Same as mentioned above plus Distillation * ~~~~~ Sura 10Sqfe plant and Transfer pump Maceration tank, Distillation plant, * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Liquid filling tank with tap/Gravity filter/ * ~~~~~13 Ark Tinir 100 Sq.feet Filter press, Visual inspection box * - - . - - - -- - - -. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Bhatti, Kadahi/S.S. Patila S.S. Storage Ig 14 Tail/Ghrit Ney 100 Sq.feet ~~Containers, Filtration equipment, fillin * ~~~~~4 ~alGrtNy 0S.ettank with tap/Liquid filling machine. * - --- -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o air oven electrically heated with ;thermostatic control , cettle gas or * ~~~~~~~Aschyotan/ Netra 'electrically heated with suitable mixing 15. 1 00 Sq.feet aragmnsclainmlIronmn Malham Paniraragmnsclainmloritet imill, tube filling equipment, mixing and, 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~storage tanks of stainless steel or of other~ ECP Agri. 1: Collection, Cultivation & Processing of Medicinal Plants * r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~suitable material sintered- glass funnel, * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~seitz filter or filter candle, liquid filling * - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~equipment, autoclave. * I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Each manufacturing unit will have a, separate area for Bhatti, furnaces, boilers, 200 Sq.feet ~~~~~~~puta, etc. This will have proper ventilation, 16 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~removal of smoke, prevention of flies, insects, dust etc. The furnace section * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~could have tin roof. LIST OF MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT AND MINIMUM MANUFACTURING PERMISES 0 ~~~REQUIRED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF VARIOUS CATEGORIES OF UNANI SYSTEM * ~~~~OF MEDICINES. SI.No. Category of MedicineMnimum manufacturing space Machinery/recommended I eicine~0 required equipmnt - _____- ~~~~1200 square feet covered area with * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~separate abins, Partitions for each activity. if Ayurveda/Siddha, Medicines are also manufactured in * -~~~~~~~~~~~~same premises an additional areas * -___ I ~~~~~~~~~~~of 400 square feet will be required rnevrsr,--___ 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Sieves, powder mixer I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(if required), S.S. Itrifal Tiryao/ majoon/Laooq/ S JawarishKhamiras 1~~~~~~~~100 Sq.feet 'Patilas, Bhatti and ;Other accessories, * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Planter mixer for Khamiras Distililation Plant (garembic) S.S. Storage Tank, * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Boiling Vessel, 2. Arq. 10 Su q.teet -Gravity filter, Bottle !Filling machine, Bottle washing! * I machine, Bottle drier. ~Grinder/Pulversier, * ~~~~3 IHabb (Pills) 1 00 Sq.feet Seives, Powder Mixer, * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(Where required) Trays. * f ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Grnder/pulversier, I 4 Sufoof (Powder) 100 Sq. feet ~~~~~Seives, Trays, Sccops, 4 Sufoof (Powder) 1 00 Sq. feetPowder mixer, (Where * I ____ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~required). * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Oil Expeller, S.S. 5.Raughan (oils) (Crushing & 10SfetPatilas Oil filter -. ~~~~~~Boiling) 10 q.etBottle, filling Machine, * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Bottle drier, Bhatti * ~~~~6. Shiyaf, Surma, Kajal End runer,.mixngeS.S 100 Sq. feet Y~~~essel- ECP Agri. 1: Collection, Cultivation & * Processing of Medicinal Plants S * j ! [ Minimum manufacturing space - i SI.No. Category of Medicine - required equipment Machinery/recommended | S ~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Kharal. * ,. | '(Bhatti, End runner, * 5 7. Marham, Zimad, Ointment) 1100 Sq.feet Grinder, Pulveriser, * | t | iTripple Roller Mill (if needed). * - I Grinder/Pulveriser, * + \ ISieves, Powder mixer * + ', i (Where needed), . Granulator, Drier, * a a ITablet Compressing * 8. Qurs(Tab) '100 Sq.feet Machine, Die punches I i | jTrays, O.T. Apparatus, * | . 'Balance with weights, * | | IScoops, Sugar Coating Pan, polishing pan, 'Heater. * ~ 9 KstaStrhatti, Kharai, i * 9 Kushta 100 Sq.feet Baita, Eartern pots. * | | iAluminium Vessels 50-100 i I 10. ;Murabba 100 Sq.feet kgs. Capacity, Gendna, * j ____ Bhafti. * . i | IPulveriser, Powder mixer iWhere needed), capsule 9 t 'filling machine, Air * 11 ,Capsule 100 Sq.feet Conditioner,Dehumidifier * f | , Balance with weights, storage-containers, ooo * ] 'glass. Tinctum Press, exhausted 'fan fitted, Bhatti ;section, Bottle Washing machine, Filter Press * 1 . | IGravity Filter, Liquid 12 Sharbat & Jushanda 1 00 Sq.feet 'filling tank with tap/ * { liquid filling Machine, * l IPP capping machine, air oven electrically heated * lwith Thermostatic _____ ______ _ _ _ __ _ |_____ ________________________________ f control, cettle. Qutoor Chasm and Marham (Eyef IHot air oven electrically heated 13. drops Eye ointment 100 Sq.feet with Thermostatic control, 'drops Eye ointment !Cettle. * | IEach manufacturing unit will have' . . :a separate area for Bhatti, furnaces, boilers, putta, etc. This O 14 will have proper ventilation, !removal of smoke, prevention of flies, insects, dust etc. j § ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1-19 S S 0 0 S S S 0 0 0 0. 0 0. 0 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S 0 0 S 0 S S 0 o. 0 S 0 Government of Assam, India : * J ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ujy 2004 __ S S * ECP AGRI-2.0 Irrigation Management * 2.1 General * 2.1.1 AACP envisages provision of irrigation facilities to increase productivity through (i) Shallow * tube wells, and (ii) lift irrigation through river pumping stations. The environmental issues associated with the installation of shallow tube wells for irrigation purposes are i) 6 Concentration of tube wells ii) High iron; fluoride and oil contents, and iii) soil * contamination due to oil spillages. This ECP provides information and practices to be * adopted by the Agriculture Department towards minimisation of the environmental * impacts during planning, design and operation of the irrigation systems. 2.1.2 The ECP shall be applicable to STWs and DTWs located outside lkm of the boundary of 6 National Parks, Sanctuaries, Ramsar Sites, Grade I Beels, Classified Forest and Open * Space. * 2.1.3 The ECP for RLP shall also not be applicable for areas where STW/DTW is restricted. In * addition, provisions of ECPs shall not apply for areas near Grade I, Grade II and Grade III beels and natural water channels. The Provisions of the ECP shall apply to projects which *0 are classified as "Low Impacts" by the ETO based on information furnished in the PID1 40 2.2 Legislation As per the report of Central Ground Water Board in 18 out 23 districts of state tube wells are feasible. * i)Tinsukia, ii) Dibrugarh, iii) Sibsagar, iv)Jorhat, v)Golaghat, vi)Nagaon, vii)Morigaon, * viii)Kamrup, ix)Nalbari, x)Barpeta, xi)Bongaigaon, xii)Dhubri, xiii)Kokrajhar, xiv)Goalpara, * xv)Darrang, xvi)Sonitpur, xvii)North Lakhimpur xviii)Dhemaji * Relevant provisions of Assam irrigation Act are presented in Table 2-1 * Table 2-1: Relevant Provisions of Irrigation Act * Legislation Relevant Provisions * Section-3: Notification of intention to apply or regulate water for * irrigation: The Assam Irrigation Section 28: Supply of Water * Act 1983 Section 29: Factor to be taken into consideration in determining supply of * water * Section 52: Removal and modification of obstructions * 2.3 Selection of Appropriate System 2.3.1 Prior to selection of appropriate irrigation system, the aspects to be considered by the 0 Extension officer/beneficiary are presented in Table 2.2. 0 2 S * S ~~~~TePoetomto ouet(I)f rgto aae7etI rsne sApni C g , ______ _ ECP Agri. 2: Irrigation Management S * Table 2-2: Criteria for Selection of Appropriate System * Parameter Aspect * Water Quality 1. Free of contamination from pesticides herbicide), heavy metals (iron, Fluoride and Arsenic), Hydrocarbons, organic solids, salts, nematode and * other parasitic organisms * 2. Desirable temperature and pH * Water Quantity 3. Availability of sufficient volumes on demand 4. Design to accommodate peak crop needs * Legal 5. To be complied with before drawing water to irrigate Considerations Capital & operating 6. Minimal costs of power and O&M * costs Environmental 7. There shall not be any impact on the water cycle of the fragile ecosystem, Impacts nor interfere with quantity or quality of flowing water for downstream users * 8. Not impair indicators of soil health - soil water holding capacity, total * organic Nitrogen and Carbon, pH and conditions of soil surface aggregates * Safety 9. Not be a potential safety hazard 0 * 2.3.2 To achieve optimum irrigation intensities in alluvial plains, conjunctive use of ground and surface water, accompanied by an efficient system of surface drainage is necessary. The fixing of intensity of irrigation shall be done as per guidelines suggested in the IS: * 13668:1993 (Refer Appendix ECP Agri. 2.2). The conjunctive use of ground and surface * water can be proposed in whole state except hill districts2 and southern Assam (Refer * Figure 2.1), wherein surface irrigation is the only viable option. ARIVlET!lRISUT*RIFS RIVIkET-TRIBU-ARIES FIELDS GETTING ACCESS FIELDS GETTING ACCESS TO SURFACE IRRIGATION TO SURFACE IRRIGATION - _ FIELDS GETTING ACCESS THRU BORE WELLS FIELDS GETTING ACCESS > S THRU WATER TANKS -FIELDS GETTING ACCESS FEIEDS GETTING ACCESS TO SURFACE IRRIGATION TO SURFACE IRRIGATION FIELDS GETTING ACCESS FIELDS CETfiNG ACCESS w ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TO SURFACE IRRIGATION TO Sl.RFACE ,RRIGAT4)N i @ Optionl: Surface-Ground Water Option 2: Surface Water * ____ _ _ * ~ Thr hiIl districts of State are North Cachar Hllls and Karbi Anglong. Atnd the Southern Districts are Cachar Hallakandi and Kanrlgany respectitvely. * AW 2-2 S ~ , ECP Agri. 2: Irrigation Management * 22. Design and Installation of Shallow Tube wriells * 2.4.1 STWs shall be discouraged in 36 blocks in 12 districts in which high concentration of Arsenic has been identified. In such blocks alternate sources of irrigation such as surface water or rain water harvesting shall be encouraged. 2.4.2 The quality of ground water shall be tested3 for Iron, Arsenic, and Fluoride prior to commissioning of tube wells. Based on the results appropriate method for removal shall * be suggested by the District Agriculture Officer or extension officer. Table 2-3 shows the region wise problems in water quality in Assam, which shall be revised every two years. * The construction and testing of the tube wells shall be done as per IS: 2800:1991 (Part 1: * Construction) (Refer Appendix ECP Agri 2.3). - S Table 2-3: Region wise Problems in ground water quality for irrigation uses * Name of Region4 Permissible Limit (mg/I) Iron Fluoride Arsenic Hydro- Lower Assam North of Brahmaputra 0 ~~~~~South of Brahmaputra iron above 5mg/I * SuCentral Assam (as per NERIWALM) North Of Brahmaputra *Fluoride above 5mg/I S South of Brahmaputra (as per CGWB) Upe SouthsofsBrahmaptr Arsenic above 0.1 mg/I * upper Assam (as per NERIWALM) North of Brahmaputra Hydrocarbon above 10mg/I South of Brahmaputra (as per NERIWALM) Southern Assam _ Hill Districts . l Legend5: High Medium l | Low Nil S Source: Study on Safe Yield of Groundwater and level of iron, fluoride, arsenic and hydrocarbon in Assam, North Eastern Regional Institute of Water and Land Management, Tezpur (Assam), Indla, March 2004 * 25 ,œitij.!lzion measures for issues pertaining to ground wvater quality * 2.5.1 Iron Content: Where iron content in ground water is beyond the permissible limits (above * 5mg/I) the practice adopted for irrigation shall be a Water shall be cascaded from a height of at least 2m. a a Water shall be allowed to move through the water channel for a distance of about 200m before being applied to the field Application of Organic matter and lime in crop field shall help in reducing the iron content in soil and water. For details on lime application refer ECP AGRI-4: Soil and Nutrient Management. Fixation of applied phosphorus by iron can be reduced through use of Rock Phosphate and PSB bio fertilizer in soil. For details on bio-fertilizer application refer ECP AGRI-4: Soil and Nutrient Management. Mainantainence of riparian vegetation shall arrest iron. S 3 It shall be the responsibility of the PCU and Department for testing the water quality before commissioning of tube well. _4 The Districts considered in (i) North Brahmaputra in lower Assam are (a) Bongaigaon: (b) Barpeta: (c) Kokrajhar; (d) Nalbari; and (e) Part of Dhubri, (ii) South Brahmaputra in lower Assam are (a) Goalpara and (b) Part of Dhubri, (iii) North Brahmaputra in Central Assam are (a) Darrang and (b) Part of Kamrup, (iv) South Brahmaputra in Central Assam are (a) Morigaon: (b) Nagaon: and (c) Part of Kamrup, (v) North Brahmaputra in Upper Assam are (a) Lakhimptir (b) Dhema;i; and (c) Part of Jorhat, (vi) South Brahmaputra in Upper Assam are (a) Dibrugarh: (b) Golaghat; (c) Sibsagar: (d) Sonitpur: (e) Tinsukia: and (f) Part of Jorhat. 5 ' The rarges assigned to High is Above 50%: Medium is 25-50%; and Low is Below ?5% _ =1¢ 2-3 * ECP Agri. 2: Irrigation Management * 2.5.2 Fluoride Content: If the fluoride content in the ground water is above 5mg/l the DAO shall * ensure that the tube well is closed as per the IS: 11632-1986 and alternate source for * shall be identified to meet the future water demand (Refer Appendix ECP Agri. 2.4). * If the fluoride content is in the range of 3mg/I to 5mg/l, fluoride shall be reduced by (i) * anion exchange; (ii) Adsorption by calcium phosphate, magnesium hydroxide or activated * carbon and (iii) Reverse osmosis will remove 93 - 95 % of the fluoride. 2.5.3 Arsenic Content: The arsenic content of the ground water is within permissible limit in all . over state (as per the NERIWALM, Tezpur) (Refer Table 2-3). If the arsenic content in the ground water is above permissible limits (above 0.1 mg/I) the DAO shall ensure that the * tube well is closed as per the IS: 11632-1986 and alternate source shall be identified to meet future water demand. For treatment of ground water for arsenic content, the * following techniques which shall be used are (i) In-situ Oxidation; (ii) Co-Precipitation and Adsorption Processes; (iii) Bucket Treatment Unit. There are treatment technique for removal of inorganic contaminants;as reverse osmosis, activated alumina, ion exchange, * activated carbon, and distillation. . Filtration through activated carbon will reduce the amount of arsenic in drinking water from 40 - 70%. Anion exchange can reduce it by 90 - 100%. Reverse Osmosis has a 90% removal rate, and * Distillation will remove 98%. . If the arsenic is present in organic form, it can be removed by oxidation of the organic material and subsequent coagulation. * 2.5.4 It shall be the responsibility of PCU to undertake monitoring of Arsenic and fluoride of * whole state in third year of the project. Further, half yearly monitoring of Arsenic in 36 blocks of 12 districts and Fluoride in 12 blocks of 8 districts shall be done though out the * project period. * 2.5.5 Hydrocarbons (Oil content): If the hydrocarbon content in the ground water is above * 10mg/l the DAO shall ensure that the tube well is closed as per the IS: 11632-1986 and alternate source for the water has to be considered to meet the future water demand. Hydrocarbons can have considerable impact on soil environment because of its extreme stability and subsequent entry into food chain. Not much study on affect of hydrocarbon * on soil and plant has been done. Hence, a detailed study of soil and agronomical aspects of hydrocarbon at micro-watershed level need to be taken. Where groundwater is used * for irrigation with oil content, the water shall be allowed to fall in tank with outlet of water at the lower level of the tank, so that the oil content get accumulated at the surface, which can be drained out through separate pipe. . 2.6 Distance between tube wells 2.6.1 The spacing of tube wells shall be determined by soil strata and its yielding capacity, * depth of static water table, depth of tube wells, depth from which water is drawn and * draws down. In no case, cone of depression of one tube well should interfere with that of D adjacent tube well. For the safe yield of ground water region wise average distance6 between the shallow tube wells mainly ranges between 150-200m.The Field engineer/Extension officer shall make the site visit prior to sanction of tube wells to the * identified beneficiary (as indicated in * 2.6.2 Table 2-4). If the distance between the tube wells is less than the permissible distances, * the Field Engineer/ Extension officer shall suggest appropriate alternative locations. In the * _ __ _ _ _ - * b Study on Safe Yield of GroLUndwater and level of iron, fluoridec. arsenic and hydrocarbon in Assam. North Eastern Regional Institite of Water and Land Management, Tezpuir (Assain) India, March? 2004 ; =e'} 2-4 | ECP Agri. 2: Irrigation Management * event of non-availability of such alternative locations, alternate sources of irrigation shall be explored and recommended to the beneficiary. Table 2-4: Region wise Permissible distance between the tube wells _ Regions in State7 lLower Assam Central Assam Upper Southern Assam Assam Minimum Distance Between Tube wells * Shallow Tube wells l 150-200 150-200 100-150 200-250 * 2.7 Rehabilitation of Shallow & Deep Tube wells * 2.7.1 The rehabilitation of tube wells shall be done as per the guidelines suggested in the IS: * 11632-1986, Code of Practice of rehabilitation of tube wells. The tube wells shall normally be taken up for reconstruction/rehabilitation when its specific yield falls down below 1/2 to 1/3rd of the designed specific yield. Also, a tube well shall be taken up for repairs for * improvement of discharge, when its specific yield falls about 80 per cent of the initial value. * 2.8 Lift Irrigation System * 2.8.1 During the installation of pumping stations, for utilising surface water sources for * irrigation, the Field Engineer of Agriculture Department shall assess the condition of headraces as to whether full flow is ensured (reaching all parts of the system) without * overflowing. The selection and installation of the pumps shall be as per guidelines * suggested in the IS: 9694 (Part I to II)-1980&87, Code of practice for the selection and * installation of horizontal centrifugal pumps for Agriculture applications (Appendix ECP Agri * 2.5 (a) & (b)). 2.8.2 During planning, design and construction of new surface Channels and Water Carriage Systems, the irrigation department shall adopt the following practices: * . Protection of banks through slope protection measures as pitching, vegetating side slopes and maintenance of gentle slopes 2:1 (Horizontal: Vertical) . Provision of vegetative buffers wherever land is available in coordination with FMC to strengthen * the bund * 2.9 Water Harvesting * 2.9.1 Water harvesting shall be recommended in locations where (i) Ground water is not available for irrigation; (ii) head loss from surface water irrigation sources during conveyance is high; and (iii) Quality of ground water is above permissible limit for * irrigation purposes. Water harvesting for irrigation shall be (i) by storing water in the natural depressions / ponds / by * pass ponds / impounded ponds through (a) Direct rainfall, (b) ground water, (c) Tile drainage system, (d) water wells and (e) Rivers or streams. The construction guidelines and Main water * sources are presented in Table 2.5 and Table 2.7. The fixing of intensity of irrigation shall be as per IS: 13668:1993 (Refer Appendix 2. 1). 0 The region wise classification of distncts are (i) Lower Assam- Bongaigaon, Barpeta, DhObri, Goalpara, Kokrajhar and * Nalban: (ni) Central Assam- Kamrup, Darrang. Marigaon and Nagaon, (iii) Upper Assam- Sonitptir, Lakhimpuir, Dhemaji, Golaghat, Sibsagar, Jorhat, Dibrugarh and Tinstlkia. (iv) Southern Assam- Kann7gnny, Hailakandi and Cachar ..,17 2-5 * * ECP Agri. 2: Irrigation Management * Table 2-5: Guidelines of Water Harvesting Tanks Natural Depression8 Dug out Ponds By-Pass Pond Impoundment Pond 1. Construction of 1. Depth of pond shall be 3m 1. Side slopes 2:1 1. A dam is built across an Embankment to 4m (Horizontal:Vertical) or intermittent stream _ 2. Preparation of 2. Side slopes 2:1 flatter 2. Can hold back large side slopes to 2:1 (Horizontal:Vertical)or 2. Depth of pond shall be volume of water * 3. Leveling of pond flatter 3m to 4m depending on valley beds 3. Storage volume 3. Locate adjacent to characteristics determined by how much streams v is excavated 4. Space constraint in valley areas to be * ________ considered Table 2-6: Main Water Sources for Water Harvesting * Consideration Natural Dug out Ponds I By-pass rImpoundment Main Water Sources Depressions T Ponds Pond _ Main Water Sources Direct Rainfall O | 0 0 Ground Water 0 0 0 * Drainage System 0 X Water Well 00 0l _ River, Streams * c * Legend Full Water Requirement Ki Partial Water Requirement H q Wat * 2.10 Operation and maintenance * 2.10.1 The factors influencing the trouble free working of pump set depends on its operation and maintenance. The consideration for operation of pumps are (i) Priming; (ii) Lubrication; (iii) Starting and stopping procedures; (iv) Restarting motor driven pumps after power * failure and (v) Restarting pump after long idle period. The considerations for maintenance * of the pumps are (i) Selection of installation; (ii) Daily observation of pump operation; (iii) * Annual inspection and complete overhaul. The Operation and maintenance of the pumps for irrigation purposes shall be as per provisions of IS: 9694 (Part III to IV)-1980, Code of practice for selection and installation of horizontal centrifugal pumps for Agriculture * applications (Appendix ECP Agri. 2.5 (c) & (d)). * 2.10.2 Though not a significant impact, towards addressing the soil contamination around the * pump locations (due to spillage of oil during handling and operations), a sand bed of about 30 cm shall be created over an area of 2.5 x 2.5 m (approx), around the pump. It shall be the responsibility of the farmer/user to dispose the sand soaked with oil, if any, * prior to rainy season. 2.11 Estimating irrigation requirements * 2.11.1 The general guidelines for irrigation requirements of major crops are specified in IS: 9664 * (Part-I)-1987. The department of agriculture shall work out quantity of water required to * irrigate the field based on (a) type of soil;(b) type of crop (c) size of field (d) conveyance losses of water (e) local climatic conditions. The Extension officers of the Department of Agriculture in association with the Farm Management Committee shall prepare a irrigation * plan. When irrigation system capacity will not satisfy crop water requirements during the * peak of the irrigation season an irrigation plan shall be prepared based on: 0 * The tnatural depression are other than Beels or wetlands $5 *.¢ 2-6 *~~~~~~~~~~~w 0 ECP Agri. 2: Irrigation Management 0 * * The period of the season where limitations will occur shall be identified before the season starts, * and a strategy developed to accommodate the limitation. Preserving soil water moisture * 2.11.2 Stress conditioning, and controlled deficit irrigation, that is deliberately stressing crops at * various stages, can be planned at the start of the irrigation season. 0 Claus. 2.3.1 rb | |~~~~~Ii Cntenia fozr Selection of Systerm Selection of Appropriate System | Claus. 2.32 Intensity and Options of Sources * [ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Clatus t2.41t Ground Water Tesdng and Status| i | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Measures forlIron conlet | Installation of Tube Wells _ sures for Ftunde Content *I0 Distae Clsuse25.5 @ r |~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Measures for Hydrocarbon Content| n ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~z Cltttrt Z' 6 0 O Distance between Tube wells Standards for Spingo n Regoran is ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Claus.t 2.7 F Rehabilitation of Deep and aubes fel. Z ~~~~~~~~~~Shallow Tube wells Tubewefls * rui Surface Water Irrigation Clauf 2.7.1 Ct Technique-River Pumping Station Selecton and nstallatn of Pumps for * and Low Lift Pump RPS I ~~~~~~~Claus 2.8 I ~~~~~~~~~~~Planning, Design and Conshucton of | X Surface Channel 0 Water Harvesting-Sources and Clue2.9.1 * Considerations Appropnate Locabon for Water Hanresdng *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~CK Cft2.9.2 Consructon Guidelinme and Main diCaues 2.10.1 * Source Guidelhnes for Operton and _Operation and Maintenance ofMaintenance . _ g Pumps * I fngn of oit spdltages from pumps fl_ Claus. C 2.11.1 Planning and Estimating Irrigation G.idelmes for Irrigation reouirements Requirement Cam211. L Ctaus. 2.21.2 * : ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Plonnirg of Iri gation ~~'-'~---~''----------------- ._.__2- * ECP Agri. 2: Irrigation Management 0 * APPENDIX ECP AGRI 2.1: PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT * INSTALLATION OF STW, DTW, RLP, * | District Block * | Village l l Name of FMC * 1. Type of Intervention STW DTW RLP * 2. Distance of the Facility from: i) Sensitive Location National parks, m NA Sanctuaries,. m NA Ramsar sites, m NA Grade I Beels, m NA Grade II Beels m NA * Grade III Beels m NA * Classified Forests m NA * 3. Nature and Scale of Operation * Number of Members in the FMC * Area of land under jurisdiction of FMC Number of Tubewells in the FMC l 1 What is the minimum distance of the tubewel from the nearest STW in the following directions: * N NE E SE S SW W NW Show the proposed site of the tubewell and location of nearest tubewell * What is the approximate depth of water? * 4. Quality of Water Has water in any of the tubewells within 0.5 km been tested Yes No * If Yes, provide details of the test Arsenic .-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- I .~~~~~~Io 0. - 1 APPENDIX ECP AGRI 2.2 IS 13668: 1993 * Lirdimlan Standard * GUIDELINES FOR * FIX[NG INTENSITY OF IRRIGATION 0 L * UIDC 626^31/-84 0 0 0 0 0 S 0 S 0 0 0 0 0 * (ED BIS 1993 * BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS dMANAK BIIAVAN, 9 13AHADUR SHAH ZAFAR IMARG 0 NEW DELHI 110C02 0 jan=ary 1993 Price Group I '0 0 0 0 0 0 River Vall:y Pro,tct.: Planning, Irrigatiorn %lanagerment and EvAluation Scctional Ccinnlttce,e RVD6 F0 R EWO R D *ais Indian Standard ,vas adopted by the Bureau of fcdian Standardfs, ifter the draft finalized iy, the 31iver Valley ProjeLts: Planniing, Trr:ziti6-1. M anagerneat a bee alreter cih A inv iofnig 4 Cr04 t- 001 'ntc L: i pr'v with sr ac ,. tin . such itloi 11) SOIL1 FfCtiat S~gia fr.tgr,; withi aslf iernera ofarte,l?gi huni IId i ty vod wi ad Wili h)AVe riflation to the' 't he nat tire of the roll is of pr-i a iprtne 0 ~~~~~~intteasi ty' of tir i.gatiorl. hut mainly ii i-fall hta~. h 'he 11ield cIpaci ty of thie soil is an imiportanat To 4rf~ix the iWreliaii to th intensity of irrigation, criterion flor determiniog irrigayd mtor thhe Soil * f .lc;ters nef Di,trihution of rainfall will also have a relation type hlas aiitit mate rel,itiondlip wifh intensity with thie initensity of irrigation. In heavy rainfall itfirrigation, becaulse the waiter holding bapa. *ones the irrigation needs for crops will be ciy depelnds on the nature cif soil that is, sand.-y very less atid almost one less watering compared loamy or claycy. This may also depend on to the arid/'semi-arid zones will be reqttired sub-soil drainage and diepth of the soil. If the hence higher intensities can be achieved in high s part of the applied water rainfall zones. In semi-arid zones the intensity may be lost through drainage. hut if the soil of irrigation should be kept low as irrigation is deep, the applied water will remain in the needs will be very frequent. Not onIv the sub-soil and it ill be available to crop,;. irrigation is required f'requenitly in sem;-arid zonc, buAt there is a tieed for irrigattion for 7 GROUND WAToER CONDITION preparing land and sowing. cnucv 5Tr) P)I.tAPg( low water table ) i any project, th.li nni ilnitv of rrtinmay he suitably incrcaed. Hiigh T,p,gripiy has direct relation ti i rricaiion tenl-ssities help the fa-rmer toi derive tuz nixi * illtciv its', because preparition of land(i to Stitl rnjin,n c,,onomic be,nefit fronm thc land and * 0 0 0 w tN.ff''....' | * IS 13668: 1993 )O W)rk3;tse t lrtiiluoLhX gtintu3'til ngrie tBitur'.l1 coiplOy ;'inl lo i il'git i;o 'loCity Xn tilat thed toit.il inCome - iunt, pro3i3d,esd the soilS are o11 thIŽ an'.! t. " ';r h11Ci:i t:l OaPnI21ICd |; *a,nd .s it.r tibl- is lo wv eno ri l to piccha lI tih rik oM' atcr t i irg. 11 I[I, -P'f 'R 1. OF B1NEFITS * m uNIr 1kNi) NA IVRE OF, sAVAILMW D ;i*;r al of hencaitS to the flje r! t I i 11 A ve , 11 \ 1 5. "PPrll, '7 ,1j0.e "Ia d LO ai ;1S 10 Ji A A; tS j)0s~hifl' SlIQUd 'C Inc .rn whi ie a* ilt; of ci '~i"titiv. *o hc tal' l.ot of UrtfCC Wa.ter CV: a h .e Cons'dieri ig fa miv .1: a TiAt thc ir;iitti cn .PI vary !'i0o pn i et tO p'ojecCt. inil.ti-y b-n -fits Th{ould b. dioi ,crsod il the cormrund of 0 * tl.e )t ijianat of arourid ;v ater d,epcnidi upon the rh e arojarct. Ever' f-i'. v 'x: I I i;ri etea te hc o , _ ,' [itl '.'Kte ~tortuti' at ,vaIr ttiu;1 oI a1 i tprt rt' ,s I -i,I co f r 1 urii.Z i .. t:;Oc a ,iI!s- W , ; I ti tO ! Di¢' trr ih L3 t.l~. C)'I'C" SSf uqiiJ . >'iI,ty 0f1'' lte . rI ' i'i' t a ¾ t u.> l t e : i;nies. . I :srh, i .. 0 0 . * l Standard Mark The u e of the Sr.i -,.' rd Mark is governed by the provisions of the .ureau of anddJn j 0 8 S;.r*darJIs Act, 1936 3and thc Rules and Regtilations made thereunder. The Standard Mark _ products co,e.;d 'y ari ijdia Siandard conveys the assurance that they have bcn produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system Of inspectioni, testing and 4juality control which is devised and su,pervised by BIS and ;prate.d by the producer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by MS flor c-nformity to that ztandard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under .shich a licence for the use of the Standard Mlark may be granted to manufacturers or I *nroduccrs nay be obtaiined from the Bureau of Indian Standards. 0 . -*~_ - . - . . . ,0 0 0 * APPENDIX ECP AGRI 2.3 0 3 ;300 ( ?Prt 1) 1391 wrw+w wrs X Red~~~,,,ifirint:d 1J397) J v X/TT 4 F IENTF AV qt;P?>ruT r 0 - * ~~~~~~~~~~~~iT I .A(c1 fr * ( ,,j.r 'r{(:wr ) Indian Standard * CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONSTRUCTION 0 AND TESTING OF TUBEWELLS/BOREWELLS PART 1 CONSTRUCTION * ( Second Revision) First Reprint OCTOBER 1994 * UDC f23:12Z4 l,)576 * * /. . 0 . . 0 . . 0 'c) HiS 1991 *0 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDAR DS IMANAK ISAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG 0 Pecemnber 1991 Price Croup 6 i S FOhEWOE9L, This ludLL S> i X h ) ,w 6od by the fUrc,, ox li &fer tLc 'tfc jized by SLc 9 s Se 4 Cowjmcitke h4d beca approvcd by Lb ivy i-Ldii4 Ea8gincanD, DiyLo; M,,"C. This Code of pr04 ' *4s P'; lur.:d o i49 64 ad rteviscd in 1979 iot rpii c rpi.3 tOrinki'. g vater 5.1 .uger tarilIi i4 1l19 195,t Methods for tubewell dtv.t- The drilling is done with a spiral or worm auger ionpfrcnt connected to square rods turned msnually with rod tiillrs, the cuttings produced as a result of 13 j. 9.39 Unplasticized PVC r o.-l ic, en drilling are removed with a sand shell. Steel _ casing and plain casing pipes casing pipes with driva shoes at the bottom are for bore/tubewells - Speci- lowered as the drilling progresses. This method fication is employed where very shallow drilling in alluvium formation is involved ( see Fig. 4A 9 3 TERRMINOLOGY and Fig. 48). For the purpose of this standard, definitions of the terms gencrally used in tubewell drilling 5.2 Water Jet Borilg technology specified in IS 9439: 1980 shall A drill bit with nozzles is attached to the drill app1Y- pipes at its bottom and through which water is 4 TYPE OF TUBEWELLS pumped at high pressure. The water on its return flow through the annul3r space betaeen 1.1 Type 1 ( Cavity Well ) the bore and the drill pipe, brings out the cutting along with it to the surface. Casing pip- is Cavity wvells arc generally shallow wells drilled simultaneously used to avoid caving in. The in alluvial formations ( see Fig. IA and Fig. IB ). inethod is iuitable for drilling shallow wells in These are wells with casings resting in thick, loose sandy formations ( see Fig, 5). *I 0 . NOUND LEVEL N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~G NOJ LEVCL TG,P S + IL F^e$ _~L[iAL 9tJi TdP SOL '/J7_ _ ...f L - i. -AN)UY CLAY SANDY CLAY --1 S W. A- t7 5;t*ik ;rC. CLA~~~~~~~~~~~LY - CLAY~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~CA -/= . t4 RV iS _, _' _ CLAY -tL_--kWELY __ iMFl__OU - -- r-- =LJV . W_ FINE SAND- --/.iES E -- - FiG. IA CAVITY WbLL ( LN" IkiLQ *.-. FIG. IB CAVITY WELL j Tcz UbiMX SUbdEASIi LE i'Uj4P) I.e...... .* *.*....*......~~~~~~~~~~~< S. . L£VE S ...... S. .SSS -r LV LEVEL CKrvt%Jr LEVEL SANDYC;^t j t S i 4 r L _ __ _ _ .8,L ............. ';t<.L. :CI. >- ~-r airu _ ' S..t.J~ ?V - ~ . '' _ 7 _ 1- .' Sw ;, 1 i ')LO( TE'o PX, COARSE 77777'A- 0 bAiL F16. 2A TviDEWELL( NATURAL Ga-V~L TvA,&wC __L-..=±--C A -L Fiwi. 2A TUJi8WIiLL (NATUIBAL GaVi: ,bE ..ij._ TUBBwjjj ( AaTLaCAL iu^' PL 'AwjV- TO ASSEMLY PlPE --EL hOUSit*G P - T Af-O LEE\ ''_ _ U - j / - IJw *r,t),f-JL; r< HAND REV - , ',it .iCtcM ,- : I CALA _riL) ' 4 _.__ _,k ti -LCEMENT Ai , E GROU .'. -I-.-fil^ ; 2 - - . WeLL, Wilid fl;: Jhr SLSTIED P^ 1, 4t:ip o e - - _ _ _ LJ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~h--toSCD hiLL FIrC. 2C TUbWiwLL (ARTEsiAN iLOWINj, FiG. 3 BO&REW4LL iN iAv i'UC5,. * IS 23C0 ( PLArt I): 191 * 1Y o -., 4 f sf. ;. Cv.~~~Nth drive "ho.s are *lz;ed Li ;w ho^ lf}e pi )-'f rcsCS.- 9 4~~~~~~~~Fo 4 UI X ' 963- \ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rhis incthiod of f ')Filr.., is suiha;i;e four drdiing ia 5.3 Cilyx 01,111i'lgr i)~~ou'dcry f'ocmations. w ,-~~~~' bit .mad.e froism 11011ow sleel tube with twvo 5.S Rotary Drilling ansoO efr tfibe ( r:ore bDarrel )wicsh is futher 5.. DrctCfowo eto £ ( ~~~~~onnected to the drill rods. 1Th.-sc aire rotatedi A drill bit is rotated' mtchat}aically bfy ineains of ine chanically. ChilledJ shots are fted to the fdrill pipes, through which drilling mnud ( usually * ~~~~~bottorn of the bit through the drill string alO fng- b.-ntonite mfixed with other suimabl- mnatcrial ) is with water. These are groundJ by the shot bit,to circulated uknder pressure. This process of ^ ~~~~~form abrasive material with sharp edges which circulation lubricates the bit, cirries the cutting ~~~~ ~~Cuts into the consolidated formation forming an in susp-ension to the surface and also plasters , ~~~~~anxnu.lir ri-ng to form a core inside the core the wall of the hole to prXvent it frona cavinig-in. barrel, which is then taken oult from w ll1 by Very deep welts c~in b.- constructed in allaJviurn * Irouting the c(re with quartz chIS etc- Th"' formations by this method. methoid is soCCCssful for shalFow nmbowells * S;~~~~~r;iling in cons;o1idated rormaitiozns Nvith large 5.5.2 lReverie Circulation Mfethlod diamieter holes. A starting af drill pipes with a drill bit at thc *~ ~ ~~~S ecu30 rlti b<,Oom is rotated by mneehanic31 minans. Plain 5.5 Percusslon Or3111ng ~water or a fuid of &:lfing quality dc:pnding on * ~~~~~A heavy bit attached with a drill stein, a dr-illing the strata conditions, is allowe~d to flow into the jar to a cable is given up anid dowri spudding bQrd hal*, wherl drill i;uttings along with wat :r * ~~~~~motioni, either iiiantially or by power. Water is are suckid through thre driJI p.p -s by a centri- [ ~~~~added to dissolve the cuttings which ati lifted fug31i puinp and thrown into the settirg pit. T.he * S . * Ii~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ S *7i4\ *1 :i )Eu3HT .RPE tO 66T S; G'CRA CR SPOOL * 11 d * S / ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SWIYEL * / *RORIYE E HOSE TO ,YF ROPE l /FORCE PUM * 4 CRIVE NE £GhT CR llr \ T§LMP CR WRENCH FOR TU~GDRILL P~PE - ' C- IVE TEE - X,,. ,, PCOLt (O CATCH CGRILL!lG J { .FAj.f ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~PUvMP 0 [ C~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'RILL P,iEOR ; /jEC}~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~NG PiFE * 1l DRI E SHOE DRILL FtO.; 5SIMPLEi JETTINGO Rio hole remains iti' under the hydroitatie pres- titilizcd for rapid impactiDg action by the 5 sure of the dr.l); r fluid, the level of which is hammer to the bit thus crushing the formation maintained cc.)iiiuotisly. targe diameter holes into small chips which arc flushed out through _ can be drilled in alirvium formatiors by this the annular space between the bore and the drill mtthod. pipes by the upcoming compressed air. 5.6 D4)vwn tie ifi-)i ifimier ( Drif ) Drilling 5 The drilling bits gmcrally used during the 0 The ;rrthe,l u d- for fist and dc;xio.ncal drilling by ircct circulation metlod rdn bey 4.f! ,n, >iri t; 1'- iations. Cnd Ai r is r-vers circihtion n-th-cd t ricone r k Is '800 ( Psrt I 1):1991 rolkr bits. diamond drilling bits, reaming bits rAbia I Nomeaelsture of fuhbewell Parts Ind thin .wall core bits. Iheir use depenis ajpon CIJ:uJ 6.1 and F;. I 2 and 3 ) the type of soil formations such as soit, medium __an_ _ ; arh ard d hards formations. rhe bits used for Sl :4rvne 4 otlecriptioaIl ryqlcAl percussion drilling are california pattern bits No. i'Att funeIlon of PiArt MiterlAxs * and for DTH drilling are button bits and drag (1) (2) )3) o:t It t) 0i iiA; o3r A hz cd sekti ,)ro-t S "5: ;9 5 b.'ttoin olms i4ded tt t'c bottern 'j .XCCESStIRIE.S r3ijit cna d nfhs pipc ^ s~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~iscntibly. A ifMri!a h.1 I'e ace.;.orics *co-rmonly used for tubewell mcd stt pte weo. * cvilstrun, ctJ0rt their diescription/fulnctiorni s d kcn hc~ L~Sda t. ty pica ty l anater'a for their manuNcturc ire * hil pluty"....1ng ,ao, ,tail ,tit I CA4 r' S S!1 Oh. baiil plug hook, c;ntralizer, taper reducer, blind pipe. ni'.l steel clamp, well cap a-td notch plate, is 3) Casing p:re Itaccd agaiast ;trita IS 4270 193 given in Fig. 6. from which water is Or not to be tappcd. IS IZSI8: 1989 * 7 INFORMATION TO BE FURNISHED BY 4) 5crc&ns/ Has openings to IS 8J10: 1985 OF TilE TUBEWELL ~~~~~slotted pipes5 permit entriace of THE OWNER OF THE TUBEWELL water froin the rhe owner shall furnish the following informa- aquifer. tion to the drilling agency: 5) CcntralizCr The centralizing 1o 226 1975 guides are 6tted to a) Information regarding tubewells and dug thc well assembly except the housing well, existing near his land. Their dcpth, Pipe at stitable formation encountered and discharge, etC, s3p1acg to 'feCp tho may he furnished as far as possible; assembly in rh.., co that of tehoen 'b) Static w.1ter lhvel; so that :n ev'.a thicknzis of gravcl c) Expet.ed 5ield; pack. d.) Purpote f.r which the water is needed, 6) raper/rcducer A tserfrdcr s IS '2o6 l such as irrigation, industrial or domestic itended to coainect p purpozse, etc; and Iwth lowcr tipe * e) oAy sther information. 51! OQ+ta ^~~~~~~~~ ' INFORA ft.t\[{N TO BE 1:1'179i'i1 -.t) '3Y ) Ro'!5sin'lpipe Th]ts is tt%e i-;cr !g''.'3 3 9R11 lNFO5AtO;Nt TOB~Ipoction of ihe C'lic i)~~~~IL.l I~~~~~~t~~~ AE~~~~.N(Y ~~~aad ;e-'t~w:as A, . stors r la e c tvh1z attetna~e~,to ;, s I tsbe;............ve11, Ihe d.'r;:,,: . . ...o..kusi.ng t)C "ha _;ey .hall furnish -he owrier with the 'following puippitis qoul¶rent S i Suct_,ly of t.e 5itC pCOpOSed boy tCi owner I.ndir . Cr (if mnore suitable iito, other than thc f(rm the uqji*r to one propos-d hy the owner is available, it tho pump. it is shouild be .iugge,ted o; tendi *rpo" a 5 Whetb) 'ther a tcst bore lio is proposed and frorn if so, its diameter and depth, and also 10 a dticVt p bel depth of production tubewell proposed; thoe; aiticiatcd c) Likelihood of increase or decreaso of the level. depth given at (b) abovc; 8) Clamp Fixed at the top of [3 226: 1975 d) Method of drilling with size of bore in the tubewell for different depths; supporting the well e) Types of plain pipo with size, wall thick- ) Well Cap Used to mly p the IS 226: *975 ness and slotted/strainer pipes with tubewell :Ivsed opening, may be mentioned; antr its completion f) Guarantee with regard to the verticality usitnl the pumIset of tubewell and sand content ( ppm ) in either threaded to _ the discharge from the well at the tiinm of be scrcwed to top of handing over; the housing or g) Development methods to be adopted may mpot wcldcso as ti * _ be stated; and be easily removed ; h3) Any other information and conditions, when reqiired. . 7 0 . 0 S * 1; 2 AOX t Part I ): Zo A _ j _ _ 4 ' IfI 2 \0 0 i .4 00- -1 ' 30 9 ci n sisz 0f A 3 C D R F tJ ; 7 il Y~~~~~~~~~~CO 55 * ' 4w A- tL *,* SlF£ * ~~~~~i, L AA 3gS C ~~4a~ta -3l 313 ime16iom in l.lli ,i 0 13 12 SSOxZOO 237) '- 612 50 200 100 6 12 Size of .4 c D!- Hail 2 * L_4 S1 |ELr§ ,* _ Il 6C Y N4oicA P4 l >. tc I CO All jAll diirnjniono ini nl lInlotres _ ~~~~Sizo of A B C D0' 'ai tg *-N°trH f36$ 125 100 225 All imcIlsflS in I!iet1. * f300 900 4S0 150 300 Size of A H t D E l; ,G U 3r5 i1>0 450 1 '0 3S5 ;jil P1t3 450 1 20k; 600 I50 $50 jS0 136 12 12 ; 21 520 300 20 50 * .'tX3 I 56 IS00 1 O 05 600 2, 0 237 13 i 2 10 2531) 5`0 21 55 Fto. 6 TYPICAL DETAILS OP TAPet REDUCERS. WVELL CAP, V-No-CII PLAfE, CENTiRALIZING GUIOD, BAIL PLVO AND CLAMP : 0 0 0 * 4 t 0 HOLES I0 30ttS * A_ S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 6v C ,_ 2_.p Sz,i uf A .8 c D E Fp cr if *oi CUnP Di* 15Q [553 10 12 18 523 12 150 2£0 200 2o181 ICa 12 20 COo 15 350 290 S 1~ 1i. 6 'rYPICAL DETAiLS OP TAPEzi RZDUCEt, WELL CAP, Y-NorCH PLATF, CENrTaALIZING GUIDz, BAIL PLUO AND CLAM5P S ri 'Jt,4sX^ll R%ll lIl ih Te desien, zTlection And tvye of 'reen er slotted pipe. size snd distribution of tluOE Sha1l * 'S i ' - A ,.1 2Su4 I.rti vKrtg a P3lpe ' imzTfIbly i-e ais specified iii IS 31 10 i * 9.1.1 Lef'>74 si:u v?ije ........... . .... Le ~t hJ iWg{Ad ......... 9.2 Grasei PA.;iI * The lcngth and diamneter of the casing pipe is V'I All gravel to Ue used a pack in X 'elected on