Shenyang Hazardous Wastes Incineration Demonstration Project Environmental Impact Assessment Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences March 2005 Table of Contents 1. SUMMARY................................................................................................................................................................................1 2. PROJECT BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................10 2.1PCBS PHASEOUT IN CHINA.............................................................................................................................................10 2.2THE SHENYANG HAZARDOUS WASTES INCINERATION DEMONSTRATION PROJECT..........................................11 2.3NATIONAL POLICYAND STRATEGIC PLAN FOR HAZARDOUS WASTESM ANAGEMENT ...................................12 2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT:TYPESAND SCOPE.................................................................................................12 3. LEGAL FRAMEWORK....................................................................................................................................................15 3.1RELEVANT LAWS AND REGULATIONS ...........................................................................................................................15 3.2BASES FOR EIA PREPARATION........................................................................................................................................15 3.3KEY PROVISIONS OF MAJOR LAWS, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS ..................................................................17 4. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK..............................................................................................................................24 4.1NATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS..............................................................................................................24 4.2PROVINCIAL AND MUNICIPAL EPB................................................................................................................................25 4.3 LIAONING PROVINCIAL ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY..............................................................................................28 5. BASIC ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION ........................................................................................................29 5.1GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION.............................................................................................................................................29 5.2NATURAL ENVIRONMENT:A SURVEY...........................................................................................................................29 5.3SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT:A SURVEY...............................................................................................................................31 5.4CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ITEMS AND METHODS ........................................................................33 5.5AIR QUALITY MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT ..........................................................................................................34 5.6UNDERGROUND WATER MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT .......................................................................................35 5.7CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE LEVELATTHE PROJECT SITE.........................................................................38 5.8CURRENT SURFACE WATER QUALITY...........................................................................................................................38 5.9SOIL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MONITORING ANDASSESSMENT ......................................................................40 6. PROJECT DESCRIPTION..............................................................................................................................................42 6.1BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT THE PROJECT .................................................................................................................42 6.2PCBS INCINERATION LINE...............................................................................................................................................46 6.3MEDICAL WASTES INCINERATION PRODUCTION LINE..............................................................................................54 6.4PLASMA DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES....................................................................................59 6.5PUBLIC UTILITIES ..............................................................................................................................................................60 6.6COMPLEMENTARY INFRASTRUCTURE ...........................................................................................................................62 6.7PCBS WASTE STORAGE WAREHOUSE...........................................................................................................................64 6.8HAZARDOUS WASTES TRANSPORTATION AND SLAG LANDFILL.............................................................................66 6.9 ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT..........................................................................................66 7. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PREDICTION.........................................................................................................73 7.1ATMOSPHERE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PREDICTION..............................................................................................73 7.2WATER ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS..............................................................................................................98 7.3SOLID WASTES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS...............................................................................................98 1 7.4ANALYSIS OF NOISE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT .........................................................................................................99 8. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................................................................101 8.1MAIN FACTORS CONSIDERED FOR SELECTING TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY.....................................................101 8.2PRINCIPLES TO SELECT CHINESE PCBS WASTE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY ...................................................102 8.3 EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE PCBS TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES ..................................................................102 8.4ALTERNATIVE SCHEMES FOR HIGH CONCENTRATION PCBS DISPOSAL............................................................103 8.5 EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE SITES IN SHENYANG .............................................................................................106 9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN.......................................................................................................108 9.1POLLUTION REDUCTION PLAN ....................................................................................................................................108 9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS ...............................................................................................112 9.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN.......................................................................................................................115 9.4 EMERGENCY MEASURES ................................................................................................................................................117 9.5CLEANER PRODUCTION PROCESS ON THE PCB INCINERATION LINE.................................................................121 9.6ORGANIZATION, PERSONAL REQUIREMENTS AND TRAINING ..............................................................................121 9.7 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES PLAN..................................................................................................123 10. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION..........................................................................................................................................124 10.1OBJECTIVE AND SIGNIFICANCE.................................................................................................................................124 10.2PUBLIC PARTICIPATIONACTIVITIES ..........................................................................................................................124 APPENDIX 1: MEMBERS OF THE EIA TEAM.......................................................................................................125 APPENDIX 2: ENDORSEMENT LETTER FROM THE FORESTRY FARM..............................................126 2 1.Summary l GeneralSituationOfTheProject The first stage of the China PCBs Management and Disposal Demonstration Project was initiated based on an inventory investigation in Zhejiang and Liaoning Provinces. In Liaoning, a PCBs incineration facility will be constructed in Shenyang for the demonstration of the disposal of highly concentrated PCBs wastes. The Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences developed its PCBs incineration disposal technology in 1995. On this basis, the academy constructed a commercial PCBs incineration facility. The facility has been running for several years, disposed a total of 1,000 m3 of PCBs wastes from all over the country. Based on this facility, a hazardous waste incineration demonstration project was implemented in Shenyang with the financial support from the national government. This demonstration project plans to construct a PCBs incineration line with a capacity of 15 tons/day, and a medical waste incineration line with a capacity of 15 tons/day. The project was initiate d in May 2002. This EIA will assess environmental impacts of this demonstration project, including both the PCBs and medical waste incineration lines. The category and scope of this environmental impact assessment (EIA) are identified, and the detailed standards used for this EIA are also listed. The monitoring, analysis, assessment and compilation of the EIA report have been carried out based on the latest national environmental standards and pollution control standards. This EIA also introduces China 's strategies and plans in hazardous waste management, including the management, treatment and disposal of PCBs and other hazardous wastes. Three PCBs disposal technologies ­ plasma, gaseous chemical reduction and base catalysis decomposition ­ are compared with high temperature incineration. By analyzing the feasibility, practicability and economic viability of these four technologies, this EIA examines the reasons on selecting high temperature incineration as the proposed PCBs disposal technology in this demonstration project. l LegalFramework The interrelationship among 55 laws, regulations and standards used in this EIA are illustrated. The key regulations and standards include the Environmental Protection Law on Solid Wastes, the National Hazardous Wastes Name List, PCBs related environmental standards, hazardous waste incineration standards, water pollution control standards, and the Stockholm Convention,etc. l InstitutionalFramework The institutional framework for the demonstration project is as follows: National level: The State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) National agencies related to the electricity industry Implementation Office for Stockholm Convention Regional level: Liaoning provincial and municipal Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB) Liaoning provincial and municipal electric power companies l BasicEnvironmentalInformation The project is located at the Jixie Forestry Center, Guanjiagong District, Xinmin, Shenyang. 1 Xinmin, the location of the project, is characterized with a flat terrain. Located in the semi-humid North Temperate Zone, it is subject to the monsoon with a continental climate. The geologic, hydrological, social and economic conditions, as well as transportation, power supply, water supply and discharging systems of Xinmin meet the construction requirements of this demonstration project. The ambient air quality, groundwater quality, surface water quality, soil quality and the noise level of the project site were monitored from Apr 2002 to Oct 2003. Detailed baseline information of the environmental quality of the project site is acquired. Air quality: The daily average PM10 of three monitoring points exceeds the Grade II Limit of the Ambient Air Quality Standard by 32%, 75% and 40% respectively. With no other parameters exceeded the standard, it is obvious that the location is experiencing severe PM10 pollution due to continuous dust-raising events, as impacted by weather conditions. Groundwater quality: Ammonia-nitrogen in the ground water exceeds the standards by 95-225%, iron by 330-390%, and manganese by 400-1,360%. All other parameters comply with relevant standards. Analysis proves the above indexes exceed the standard primarily because of the local geological condition. Surface water quality (Raoyang River): The annually average CODCr of Raoyang River exceeds the standard by 150%, and petroleum exceeds by 60% . During the rain season, BOD5 exceeds the standards by 25%, and the ammonia nitrogen in low water period exceeds by 20%. The other parameters comply with the standards. The pollution in the Raoyang River is mainly caused by organic contaminants from industrial and domestic wastewaters from the upper reaches of the River. Soil quality: The soil at the project site has a low concentration of heavy metals. Noise quality: The average equivalent noise value at the project site is 37 dB (A). Noises are mainly from tractors and automobiles on a nearby road. l ProjectDescription Three candidate locations are proposed for the project. Due to the unwillingness of the local villagers to accept the project, or the close distance to local water sources, two of the three locations were rejected. The Jixie Forestry Center at Gujiagong District of Xinmin, Shenyang was selected as the site for the project. The Xinmin site has an area of 30,016 m2, and consists of a primary workshop, a secondary workshop, and office and residential facilities. The total investment for the PCBs disposal demonstration project amounts 48.97 million RMB, and that for the medical waste incineration line is 12.67 million RMB. The Shenyang PCBs disposal demonstration project will be partially supported by the GEF investment proposed in the China PCBs Management and Disposal Demonstration Project. In addition to these two facilities, a plasma facility will be considered to be built on the same site. It is estimated that the investment for the proposed plasma facility amounts to 69.88 million RMB. In total, the total investment on the project site will reach 149.82 million RMB. Figure 1-1 shows the above-noted three hazardous waste disposal facilities on the Xinmin site. As the plasma facility is only in preparation stage, no project proposal has been prepared, no technology has been selected, no funding has secured, and no definite plan for construction of the plasma facility. Therefore, all information on the plasma facility is guesstimates by Shenyang technical staff with currently available technical data. 2 Feeding System 1st StageRotary Kiln Venturi Flue Gas Afterburner Quenching Tower Flue Gas Treatment NaOH Absorption Tower PCBs Incineration Wastewater Treatment Equipment System Active Carbon Swirling Plate Absorption Tower Capacitor Cutting Device Baghouse Filtration Solid Wastes Crushing Device Monitoring and Control System Feeding System Project Cleaning Waste Water of Container Treatment System Residual Heat Boiler and Mist Sprayer 1st Stage Rotary Kiln NaOH Absorption Tower Medical Wastes Afterburner Demonstration Incineration System Active Carbon Swirling Flue Gas Treatment System Plate Absorption Tower Monitoring and Control System Baghouse Filtration Incineration Wastes Pretreatment Device Gasification and Melting Stove Wastes Plasma Treatment Plasma Torch and Power Supply System (1) Gas Purification Equipment Hazardous On-line Monitoring and Central Control System Water Supply System henyangS Public Utilities Power Supply System Heating Supply System Road System Public Facilities C omplex Buildings Figure1 -1 Wastes Incineration Facilities in Shenyang (1) The plasma facility is just in preparation stage. All informationis guesstimates by Shenyang technical staff with currently available technical data. 3 PCBs Incineration Facility The PCBs incineration line employs flue gas treatment and advanced water treatment and recycling techniques, including a two-stage high temperature flue gas treatment system, a Venturi flue gas quencher, a NaOH absorption unit, an active carbon adsorption unit, a baghouse filtration, and a wastewater treatment unit. After capacitors are cut and separated, they are fed into the rotary kiln for incineration. For the PCBs disposal facility, 1.233 million RMB is invested for advanced equipment to cut and shatter PCBs capacitors. An additional 372,000 RMB is invested for the shattering facility for other PCBs wastes. The feed system of the PCBs incineration line is divided into several segments, all of which are fully covered. It is planned that 1.98 million RMB will be invested to upgrade the feed system for the feeding of PCBs oil. The first stage rotary kiln, with a length of 12,000mm and an outer diameter of 2,200 mm, has a capacity of about 625 kg/h. The rotate speed could be adjusted between 0.2 ­ 1.0 r/min. The incineration temperature ranges from 900 to 1000 ? . And as the rotation of the kiln body, the incineration residues are discharged at the bottom of the kiln. The temperature at the end of the afterburner is above 1200? . And waste residence time will be controlled equal to or greater than 2 seconds. The tail gas from incineration requires further treatment. The burner, with a volume of 4.5m2×5m, is a column container lined with firebricks. The flue gas quencher cools the flue gas to a temperature below 80? to avoid the reverse reaction of PCDD/PCDF to a maximum extent. In the NaOH absorption tower, NaOH solution is spouted to contact with flue gas. The chloride ion is fully neutralized and the gas is deacidificated. After quenching and deacidification, the flue gas is heated again and enters whirlpool plate tower filled wit h active carbon. The mixture of carbon and lime powder will fully contact with the flue gas to remove pollutants (including DCLs) from the gas. As a result, the DCLs concentration in the flue gas will be reduced to below 0.1TEQng/m3. Baghouse filtration eliminates PM and fly ash, and the flue gas is then released through a stack of 40 meters high. Wastewater discharged by Venturi quenching and NaOH absorption tower after the absorption of acid is treated by the wastewater treatment system. After entering the regulating reservoir, the water is cooled by heat exchanger and cooling tower. Then it passes the electro dialysis system and reverse osmosis facility. The denser solution enters double effect evaporation system while the thinner is recycled. The solid salt flocculation sediments are fed into rotary kiln together with the substitutedreverse osmosis membrane after they are dehydrated. The treatment process does not generate new wastewater. The discharged incineration residues are packed by automatic packer and transported to Shenyang Industrial Hazardous Waste Landfill to be disposed as hazardous waste. The coarse particle active carbon collected at the bottom of the whirlpool plate tower, together with the PM and fly ash accumulated by filters, will be fed into rotary incinerator for disposal. The key parts of the incineration line are monitored by industrial television monitoring system all the time. The monitoring and control system is controlled by PLC, and temperature, pressure, flue gas and water flux are measured continuously. The total investment for the constructed disposal facility amounts to 31.76 million RMB. In addition, 18.3 million RMB is invested to update the facility and storage warehouse under this demonstration project. Medical Waste Incineration Facility and Other Facilities Medical waste incineration line include flue gas treatment unit and waste water treatment 4 unit. Flue gas treatment technologies include the first stage rotary kiln, afterburner, residue heat boiler, mist sprayer, lime powder deacidification, active carbon adsorption and baghouse filtration. The semi-dry system is employed in the treatment of flue gas. And there is no wastewater discharged from the process. The residues from medical waste incineration will be packed and then transported to the Shenyang Industrial Hazardous Waste Landfill for disposal. The plasma disposal facility for hazardous waste is proposed to include pretreatment facility, gasification melting kiln, plasma torch and its power, gas purification facility, online monitoring and central controlling system. Groundwater at the project site serves as the sufficient water resource for the production and domestic uses. The water required for the project will amount to 8347.6 m3/d, among which fresh water 248.6 m3/d and recycling water 8099.0m3/d. The application for the water right was submitted to local land and resources bureau and has been approved. There is no water user within 2 km radius of the project site. Thus the project will have little impact on local water uses. Two wells were drilled 300m away from the primary workshop (one for daily use and the other for backup). The effluent flux of each well can reach 1,500 m3/d. The water is pumped to water treatment room, removed of manganese and iron by manganese sand padding tank and disinfected by dioxide chlorine. Then it enters the supplying reservoir in the plant for production and domestic uses. Electricity is supplied by the transmission line from the power supply substation of Liangshan, Xinmin. A distribution substation is constructed in the plant with an S10-1250/10 10/0.4 oil-immersed transformer. A quick start diesel generating set of 300kW 0.4kv is established as emergency power source. Two DZL(W)2-0.7-A? steam boilers (Q=2t/h, P=1.0Mpa ) are established in the boiler room of the plant (one is used and the other standby). The stack has a height of 35 m and an upper diameter of 0.6 m. The boilers are equipped with special dust removal facility to make sure that the flue gas could meet the standards. The boilers are powered by coal, which is transported to the coal storage site of the boiler room by vehicles. And the residues of the boilers will be taken as original material is transported to Shenyang Colour Ground Brickyard Plant. The diesel supply system includes 2 underground diesel tanks with a volume of 50m3 each, one top diesel tank of 4 m3 in the workshop, diesel pumps, diesel pipeline and control system. The original design includes a 920m long asphalt road with a stone foundation. The road has an 8m wide pavement and a 10m wide foundation. In the disposal facility improvement plan, 400,000 RMB was invested for the entrance path in the pretreatment units to assure that the vehicles loaded with PCBs wastes from Zhejiang could come through. A complex building of 1078m2 has been constructed in the plant, with the first floor used for dinning hall, multifunctional hall, medical room and bathrooms, the eastern part of the second floor used for offices, and the western part of the second floor as well as the third floor as the residential area. There are 3 rooms dedicated to chemical analysis in the auxiliary room of the incineration facility. The domestic wastewater is treated with an underground, integrated treatment system of a capacity of 76 m3/d. The biochemical treatment technology A/O is employed. The drainage during accidents and initial stage rainwater are stored in the drain basin in the plant (V=1500m3) and then enter the treatment system for treatment and recycle. Rainwater and treated domestic wastewater are channeled toa rainwater collection pond. Located in the primary workshop, the storage warehouse for PCBs wastes is divided into a solid and semi solid PCBs contaminant section and a liquid PCBs waste section. A total of 5.67 million RMB is planned for the construction of a full-scale PCBs waste storage warehouse. The 5 warehouse will be used to accept PCBs wastes from Zhejiang. The detailed description of transportation, packaging and basic information about the Shenyang Industrial Hazardous Waste Landfill are included in the hazardous waste transportation and residue landfill sections. A total of 2.37 million RMB will be invested on an online monitoring unit, waste characteristic identification, and other monitoring equipment. The project will analyze sources of all the major pollutants and their discharging loads. The flue gas volume coming from PCBs incineration system is 13,333 Nm3/h, with a PCBs concentration of 1.05 mg/m3, a PM concentration of 6,000 mg/m3 and an HCl concentration of 31.5 mg/m3. The DCLs concentration is reduced to below 0.1TEQng/m3 after purification, and the corresponding emission amounts to 1333.3 TEQng/h. The flue gas amount from the medical incineration line is 13276Nm3/h. with an SO2 concentration of 245.9mg/m3 and an HCl concentration of 69.3mg/m3. The estimated emissions of these two pollutants are 3.27kg/h and 0.92kg/h, respectively. The flue gas volume coming from coal-powered boilers is 4,500 m3/h, with a PM concentration of 853mg/m3 and SO2 of 120 mg/m3. The PM and SO2emission will be 3.84kg/h and 0.54kg/h, respectively. The total sewage discharge amount is 121.60 m3/d. The pollutant concentration of domestic sewage is: CODcr= 40mg/l, BOD5= 15mg/L, and SS= 40mg/L. The CODcr released from the sewage amounts to 0.91t/a, SS amounts to 0.91t/a. Treated wastewater can be used for greening or discharge to a local channel. The cooling water is 45.60 m3/d, which is clean and will be used for greening. The residue volume is as follows: 900 t/a from PCBs incineration line, 120t/a from boilers in heating period, 29.2t/a from domestic waste and 870t/a from medical waste incineration. l EnvironmentalImpactPrediction With analysis of the pollution climate, atmospheric environment impact is predicted based on the emission load of pollutants. PCBs and HCl are identified as major prediction parameters for this assessment according to project analysis and relevant standards. With a normal emission of PCBs under unfavorable weather condition, the maximum ground concentration under Level A Stability is merely 0.0066µ g/Nm3, lower than the standard limit. The maximum ground concentrations under other stability levels are much lower than the standard limit. When there is an accident, the maximum ground concentration under unfavorable condition under Level A Stability will reach 0.0305µ g/Nm3. Although it is below the standard value of 0.5µ g/Nm3, it is 0.0239 µ g/Nm3 higher than the maximum normal ground concentration. With a normal emission of PCBs, the highest average concentration by hour at all concern points is 0.0020µ g/Nm3, which is far below the standard value. In case of an accident, the highest average concentration by hour at all concern points will rise considerably to 0.0101µ g/Nm3, which is still lower than the standard limit. With a normal emission of PCBs, the daily average is much lower than the standard limit of 0.15µ g/Nm3, and the maximum ground concentration is only 0.334×10-3µ g/Nm3. Therefore, the normal emission of PCBs has limited impact on the assessed residential areas. In case of an accident, the emergency pollution discharge will raise PCBs concentration considerably, although the concentration is still below the standard limit. With a normal emission of HCl under unfavorable condition, the maximum ground concentration under Level A stability is merely 0.0175µ g/Nm3, and that under other stability levels are much lower than standard limit. In case of an accident, the HCl emission from the medical waste disposal system will exceed the concentration standard by 7 to 24 times. With a normal emission of HCl, the average concentrations by hour at all concern points are far below 6 the standard value under unfavorable climate condition. The concentrations of 4 concern points exceed the standards under B, C, D, E and F stability levels during an accident with PCBs or the HCl emission of the medical waste disposal system. But the SO2 emission of all concern points will not exceed the standard. The maximum SO2 concentrations from boilers under all stability levels are below standard limits. In case of an accident, the maximum ground concentration under unfavorable condition reaches 1.51 mg/Nm3 under Level A stability and exceeds the standard by 22 times. The ground concentrations under other stability levels exceed the standard by 6 to 20 times. With normal emission of HCl, SO2, NOX and PCBs under the normal discharge are only 17.5µ g/Nm3,81.6µ g/Nm3,22.5µ g/Nm3,0.0305µ g/Nm3 respectively. All these concentrations are much lower than standard values. To sum up the above assessments, it can be concluded that there is no significant impact on residential areas under normal emission of PCBs, HCl, SO2 and PM. But emergency discharges will impact all concern points significantly. Therefore, it is vital to prevent any accident from happening, or if such a discharge occurs, immediate actions must be taken to minimize the possible damage. The clean cooling water from the medical waste line is separate from sewage. Sewage will be treated to meet related discharge standards before being discharged into the local main drainage channel. During low water season, water from the project flows southwards, vaporized or leaked. During high water season, water discharged from the plant may reach the downstream Raoyang area with surface runoff and reach after flowing for 40 km. Ground of all structures in the plant is treated to prevent leakage and erosion. In summary, the plant will have little impact on ground water quality. The incineration residues will be packed, stored and transported to Shenyang Hazardous Waste Landfill periodically for landfill. The flying ashes are recycled for incineration. Other major equipments in the plant include induced draft fanand diesel generators which are installed outside the primary workshop. Effective measures have been taken to assure that the noise intensity will be below 90 dB (A) during normal operation. l AnalysisforAlternatives The major factors that have been taken into account in selecting disposal technology include: PCBs pollution in China, the limitation for using non-incineration technology in China, investment scale, disposal costs, and financial conditions of PCBs disposal facilities in China, the time required to achieve disposal capability, etc. Principles used to select PCBs waste disposal technology in China are: ·Consistent with Stockholm Convention; ·Efficient, safe and reliable; ·No secondary pollution; ·Applicable to the diversity of PCBs contaminants in China; ·Economic and reasonable disposal cost; ·Mature and reliable technology; ·Compatible with China's first phase work and disposal plan. Four disposal technologies, including high temperature incineration, gas phase chemical reduction, BCD and plasma transfer, are considered for the demonstration PCBs disposal facility. In particular, plasma transfer technology is compared with high temperature incineration. Factors considered include location selection, technical process, wastewater and gas treatment and discharge, investment and disposal costs. Because plasma technology is still a relatively new 7 disposal technology to be understood and adopted in China and China has pilot PCBs incineration facilities and related operational experience, high temperature incineration was selected as the technology used in this demonstration project for the disposal of PCBs wastes. l EnvironmentalManagementPlan An environmental management plan has been developed to address the release of solid wastes, gas, wastewater and noise, and the transportation and storage of PCBs wastes. The pollution prevention measures and strategies are proposed for operational management, greening, ecological compensation, and noise control. A monitoring plan has detailed monitoring parameters, monitoring methods and monitoring points. An emergency response plan has developed to address flue gas leakage, wastewater leakage, fires, oil tank explosion, severe earthquakes and other emergent situations. The causes, types, possible damages and impacts on equipment, personnel and environment of the accident are analyzed. This plan includes emergency measures, requirements for the preparation and training of personnel, and responsibilities and tasks of personnel in an emergency. l Public Participation The project site is on a government-owned forestry farm used to grow economic forests. The total area of the farm is 1,339 hectares, and the project occupies 10.2 hectares (about 0.8% of the total area) of the farm. The site is located at the center towards north of the Gujia Forestry Section. There are no residents within 2 km radius of the plant, but there are farmlands next to the plant. A special meeting at the forestry farm was conducted to inform employees of the farm about the project's purposes, possible environmental impacts and pollution control measures. A public discussion was held between the management of the plant and representatives from the farm, neighboring villages, and local government, etc. The discussion focused on issues related the construction, possible environmental impacts, pollution control measures, and possible compensations. All participants reached an agreement in the special meeting and endorsed the construction of the project. Local governments at different levels approved the construction of this project four years ago. This GEF supported demonstration project will help the plant to minimize its environmental impact to comply with stricter environmental standards. In addition to the special meeting, the EIA reports of this project have been sent to libraries in Xinmin city and villages for comments. Information about the EIA reports of this demonstration was also published on Shenyang Daily, a major local newspaper, in December 2004. l Conclusion Based on above discussion, the conclusions of this EIA are: The final plant site of this project meets the requirements of the PCB disposal technology and environmental standards. By comparison among various PCBs disposal techniques, this EIA confirms that high temperature incineration technology used in this project is safe and reliable, and it suites China's current situation. This is a sound selection also because China has accumulated a lot of operation and management experience in this technology. According to the predicted pollutants discharges and environmental impacts, the pollution treatment facilities included in this project are effective enough to control and reduce the discharges of pollutants to China's environmental standard requirements. The detailed emergency plan drafted in this EIA proposes that once any accident occurs, 8 timely emergencyremedy measures must be taken so as to reduce the negative impacts caused by the accident to a minimum level. Also, the public consultation meeting shows that the construction of this project provokes no objections from local residents or organizations. Based on these observations, this EIA concludes that the Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incineration Demonstration Project is environmentally feasible and thus can be constructedat the select project site. 9 2. Project Background 2.1 PCBs Phaseout in China China ratified the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (the Stockholm Convention) in 2004. As a party to the Stockholm Convention, China is committed to eliminate the discharge of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to protect human health and the environment. As one of the 12 POPs regulated by the Stockholm Convention, PCBs has been used worldwide for a long period of time. PCBs are highly toxic and hard to be degraded naturally. In addition, PCBs can accumulate in human bodies through food chain, and can be transported long distance in soil, water and air. The Stockholm Convention requires all parties to eliminate PCBs usage in equipments (such as transformer, capacitor or other PCBs containers) before 2025, and to dispose PCBs oil or equipments polluted by PCBs (with a PCBs concentration higher than 0.005%) before 2028. To implement the Stockholm Convention, China has carried out many activities on PCBs pollution, including the development of the Strategy and Stockpile Program on Disposing and Reducing PCBs in China and the Demonstration Project on PCBs Management and Disposal. In China, the National Implementation Plan (NIP) Leading Group for the Implementation of the Stockholm Convention was organized in November 2003. Headed by the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA), the Leading Group consists of ten additional ministries or commissions, such as National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), Ministry of Finance (MOF), Ministry of Agriculture (MOA), Ministry of Public Health (MOPH), General Customs Administration (GCA) and State Electricity Regulatory Commission (SERC). The Leading Group is responsible for compiling the NIP, checking each implementation plan and providing suggestions and advices. In addition, SEPA has organized a Convention Implementation Office (CIO) and a PCBs Project Team. China produced about 10,000 tons PCBs from 1965 to 1974, including 9,000 tons of trichlorinated biphenyl and 1,000 tons of pentachlorinated biphenyl. PCBs capacitors manufactured from 1965 to 1975 are about 700,000 to 750,000 sets. In China, 90% of PCBs are used as power capacitor impregnant within closed units, and 10% as consumable additives, such as paints, in open systems. For PCBs wastes storage, PCBs leakage is a severe problem due to inadequate management. In order to identify PCBs contamination and to draft China's national plan for reducing and dispos ing PCBs wastes, the Chinese government has cooperated with the World Bank on the Strategy and Stockpile Program on Disposing and Reducing PCBs in China and the Demonstration Project on PCBs Management and Disposalto be funded by the GEF and Italian government. In January 2004, SEPA and the World Bank held an inception conference for these two projects. The PCBs Strategy and Stockpile Program on Disposing and Reducing PCBs in China is funded by the Italian government and implemented by the World Bank. The Demonstration Project on PCBs Management and Disposal will be funded by the GEF and co-financed by the Chinese national and local governments, and bilateral donors. The Demonstration Project on PCBs Management and Disposal selected Zhejiang Province for the demonstration of PCBs management and Liaoning Province for the demonstration of PCBs disposal. In Zhejiang, PCBs management concerns mainly the cleanup of PCBs storage sites, immobilized treatment of polluted soil with low PCBs concentration, temporary storage of PCBs wastes, and packaging of wastes with high PCBs concentration. In Liaoning, high PCBs concentration wastes will be disposed in an incineration facility financed by the Shenyang 10 Hazardous Wastes Incineration Demonstration Project. PCBs inventory survey in Zhejiang province and Liaoning province will provide a reference for China to improve and perfect the PCBs inventory methodology, to provide important baseline information for the draft of the national plan for reducing and disposing PCBs and for the design of the demonstration projects. For the disposal of PCBs wastes, many developed countries have adopted high temperature incineration technology as a mature disposal technology for several decades. China began PCBs incineration study and industrial disposal at the end of 1980s and achieved certain progress. During 1990 and 1995, the Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences completed a State New and High-Tech Industrialization Demonstration Project and studied PCBs incineration technology. Based this research, the Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences built a PCBs industrial incineration facility. This incineration facility operated continuously from 1996 to 2003 and incinerated over 1000 tons of PCBs wastes from over 20 provinces and sectors. However, this facility has its own limits and cannot meet the practical demands of large scaled wastes disposal. For example, it could only dispose liquid wastes and PCBs capacitors at a small scale and high costs. 2.2 The Shenyang Hazardous Wastes Incineration Demonstration Project This project will adopt a pyrogenation­oxidation incineration technology and flue gas purification technology to build the first national PCBs waste incineration plant at Shenyang. The PCBs waste incineration plant will contribute to the PCBs disposal of Zhejiang and Liaoning Provinces, and will service for the whole country in the future. Its disposal capacity will be 15 tons per day, and its annual disposal capacity will be 4000 tons. On the same site, a medical wastes incineration line will be built with an incineration capacity of 15 tons per day to dispose medical wastes of the Shenyang Municipality. In addition, a plasma waste dispose facility will be considered in addition to the PCBs and medical waste incineration facilities. The reason that the PCBs incineration system and medical waste constructed together are: (1) To meet the requirement of the National Construction Plan on Disposal Facilities of Hazardous Waste and Medical Waste. This plan requires and supports these two kinds of hazardous wastes constructed together. (2) To resolve the difficulties in finding suitable project sites. The national government has formulated strict technological requirements and standards to regulate the construction of hazardous wastes disposal facilities. To some extent, the project's decision to build two facilities together can save land and reduce environmental risk. (3) To use same public and service facilities. To some extent, this can save the investment of construction. This project started in May 2002 and located in Xinmin city. Xinmin city is located in the western area of Shenyang city, neighbored Yuhong district and Xinchengzi district in the east; Liaozhong county in the south; Heishan county in the west; and Zhangwu county, Faku County in the north. There are 4 districts, 11 towns, 15 villages, 45 community committees, and 408 villagers committees. The Xinmin City has a totally area of 3315 Sq and a total population of 690,000. 11 2.3 National Policy And Strategic Plan For Hazardous WastesManagement 2.3.1 Non-incineration Disposal Technologies (1) Plasma Technology Plasma technology is a reliable and flexible technology. The residue produced by plasma reactors is glass without any contamination. However, this technology requires that to-be-treated wastes must be liquid or semi-liquid. Others wastes must be pretreated. This technology is attractive because it discharges very low concentrations of PCDD/PCDF, less than 0.01TEQng/m3. However, the flue gas cleaning system of this technology is very complicated and expensive, and the technology has a low energy utilization ratio. At present, Finland, Japan, USA and Australia have already adopted plasma technology for wastes disposal and gained many experience. (2) Gas Chemical Reduction Gas chemical reduction technology is a safe and reliable technology with low concentration PCDD/PCDF discharges. Its disposal efficiency will be affected only when pyrolysis pretreatment is performed. However, the operational conditions of this technology are very strict and require high temperature. In addition, hydrogen is a necessity for this technology. Therefore, safe regulations related to hydrogen operations must be followed. This technology has very complicated technical processes and its operational costs are high. As of 2004, Chinese engineers know little about this technology. (3) Base Catalyzed Decomposition This technology is used for soil restoration, and has been successfully applied in restoration of PCBs contaminated soil. This si a patent technology by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. BCD technology is suitable for treating low concentration chlorine organic pollutants. Therefore, this technology is not suitable for this demonstration project because China is in urgent demand for disposal technologies for high concentration PCBs wastes. 2.3.2 Selection of Disposal Technique Based on the requirements of the Demonstration Project on PCBs Management and Disposal, high temperature incineration technology is best available technology for PCBs disposal at present. After the implementation of this demonstration project, it will be expected that the PCBs disposal activities will be promoted in China. Therefore, in addition to high temperature incineration technology, China will adopt plasma and other disposal technologies to dispose PCBs wastes. 2.4 Environmental Assessment: Types and Scope This EIA report is prepared as required by the Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China. This Law stipulates that "a EIA report must be prepared and submitted for approval for the construction of new projects and the renovation and expansion of existing projects." The compilation of this EIA report also complies with the Environmental Protection Management Methods on Construction Projects [SEPA (1986) No. 003] and the Environment Impact Assessment Law of the People's Republic of China, Notice on Strengthening EIA Management about Construction Projects Loaned by International Financial Organizations (issued by SEPA cooperated with NDRC, MOF and Bank of China, [1993: No.324]). This EIA is conducted based on the EIA Technical Guidance, EIA requirements and advices from the World Bank experts. The format of the EIA follows the Reference Format and Outline on EIA Reports for Construction Projects Loaned by International Financial 12 Organizations. 2.4.1Assessment Types According to the 1993 Notice on Strengthening EIA Management about Construction Projects Loaned by International Financial Organizations, a comprehensive EIA is required because the implementation of the project will have negative impacts on local ambient environment. 2.4.2 Scope According to the EIA Technical Guidance, the scope of this EIA is as follows: Ambient air quality: The assessment covers an area of 4 x 6 square kilometers around the project site. Surface water: Only a dry canals (stretched about 10km westto the project site). Noise: An area enclosed within 1 km radius of the project site. Vegetations:any proposed projects. Land use: new projects. 2.4.3 Pollution Control and Environmental Protection Objectives Pollutants in flue gas will be strictly controlled to meet air quality standards. Discharges after the flue gas purification process will be controlled to meet standard limits to protect the quality of surface and underground water. The potential exposure during hazardous wastes and slag transportation will be strictly controlled to minimize the risk of pollution accident. The natural environment of surrounding residential areas, farm lands and forests will be protected. 2.4.4 Main Technology and Approaches Adopted In Assessment (1) Technology andApproachesAdopted forEnvironment Quality Assessment Assess the status of air quality, acoustic environment and water environment with single factor assessment method, based on Grade II for Air Quality Standards, Grade III for Surface Water Environment QualityStandards, and the Urban Acoustic Environment Standard. (2) Technology andApproachesAdopted in Environment Impact Pre-assessment Assess pollutant discharge and their impact on air quality, water environment and acoustic environment by using system analysis, analogical survey, analogical test and experimental formula calculation, and other methods. 2.4.5 EIA Implementation This EIA surveyed systemically the nature, society and environmental conductions at the project site , predicted possible environment impacts after the operation of the project, and conducted public consultation on the project. The EIA also proposed measures and action plans for pollution prevention and control. Air, water and noise monitoring was conducted to get baseline environment quality information. Three monitoring stations were set up to monitor PM10, SO2,NO2,HCl and PCBs for three consecutive days and two times of samplings each day. 12 items such as pH, CODcr, DO, BOD5, oil pollutants, NH3-N, NO3-N, NO2-N, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd etc.for water environment monitoring twice a day for consecutive 3 days. Two monitoring stations was set up for monitoring moisture, PCBs, pH, mineralization, Hg, Cr, Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu and Ni. 13 Multiple year weather information collected by Xinmin weather stations were analyzed to derive pollution weather characteristics at the project site. A 4×6 grids with size of 1000×1000m were created based on the analysis. Data is arranged by locations of pollution sources, and discharge status of these sources is presented in the grids. Finally, the EIA report of the project was compiled. 2.4.6 Institution and Staff for This EIA The Shenyang Academy of Environment Sciences is one of key environmental academies in China under the leadership of SEPA and the Shenyang municipal government. The academy has been awarded a Grade A Certificate for Conducting National Environmental Impact Assessment, and all members of the EIA Team for this project are EIA assessors certified by SEPA. These members have professional backgrounds in environment protection, chemical industry, physical geography, acoustics, weather and computer sciences, etc. 14 3. Legal Framework 3.1 Relevant Laws and Regulations The implementation and operation of this project will strengthen the PCBs disposal capability of China. Because this project is a hazardous wastes treatment project, it concerns a diverse set of pollutants and thus needs to meet relevant environmental laws, regulations and standards. As the project is designated for PCBs disposal, this project must also be in compliance with laws, regulations and standards related PCBs management and treatment, as well as the requirements of the Stockholm Convention. In addition, the project's EIA Report has to meet operational requirements of the World Bank, the sponsor of this project, to ensure the implementation of the project will not produce significant adverse impacts to the environment and thus to maintain the sustainability of the project. 3.2 Bases for EIA Preparation 3.2.1 Environment Protection Law of People's Republic of China (December 26, 1989) 3.2.2Solid Waste Pollution Control Law of People's Republic of China (April 1, 1996) 3.2.3Infectious Disease Control Law of People's Republic of China (September 1, 1989; 3.2.4Operational Manual of World Bank (January 1999); 3.2.5 Environmental Impact Assessment Law of People's Republic of China, (Octber 28, 2002); 3.2.6 Construction Project Environmental Protection Regulation, (No. 253 Decree of State Council of People's Republic of China (November 29, 1998); 3.2.7 Management Categories for Construction Project Environmental Protection (SEPA, October 12, 2002); 3.2.8 Environmental Impact Assessment Technology Guideline, SEPA (HJ/T2.1-2.3-93); 3.2.9 Provisional Regulation on Total Emission Control for Construction Project Environment Management in Liaoning Province, Liaoning EPB (No. [1999] 166); 3.2.10 Environmental Impact Assessment Technology Guideline- Acoustic Environment, SEPA (HJ/T2.4--1995); 3.2.11 Notice on Promoting Cleaner Production in Construction Project Environmental Management, Shenyang EPB (No. [1998] 65); 3.2.12 Approval of Management Suggestions on Shenyang Atmosphere Quality Functional Zones, Shenyang Municipal Government,(No.[2000]15, February 29, 2000); 3.2.13 Approval of Management Suggestion on Shenyang Surface Water Functional Zones, Shenyang Municipal Government (No. [2000] 30); 3.2.14 Approval of the Adjustment on Applicable Standards for the Environment Noise Zoning in Urban Shenyang, Shenyang Municipal government ( No. [2003] 17); 3.2.15 Urgent Notice on Strengthening Dust Pollution Control, Shenyang EPB, Shenyang Municipal Construction Committee, Shenyang Municipal Construction and Management Bureau, Shenyang Property Bureau, Shenyang Municipal Planning and Land Resource Bureau, (Apr. 25, 2002); 3.2.16 Feasibility Report for Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incineration Demonstration Project, Beijing Non-ferrous Metallurgy Designing Research Institute (June1999); 3.2.17 Reply to the Feasibility Report for Hazardous Waste Incineration High-tech Industrialization Pilot Construction Project at Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, State Development and Planning Committee (No. [2000] 129); 15 3.2.18 EIA Outline for State High-tech Industrialization Pilot Engineering Project ­ Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incineration Pilot Project ; 3.2.19 Hazardous Solid Waste Incineration Pollution Control Standard, (GB18484-2001); 3.2.20 Hazardous Solid Waste Landfill Pollution Control Standard,(GB18598-2001); 3.2.21 Hazardous Solid Waste Storage Pollution Control Standard, (GB18597-2001); 3.2.22 Inventory of Hazardous Wastes in China, SEPA (1998); 3.2.23 Hazardous Waste Identification Standard, (GB5085-1996); 3.2.24 Technological Requirements for the Construction of Hazardous Waste Incineration Facilities, SEPA (No. [2004] 15); 3.2.25 Technological Requirements for the Construction of Medical Waste Incineration Facilities,SEPA (No. [2004] 15); 3.2.26 Technological Requirements for the Construction of Hazardous Waste Landfills, SEPA (No. [2004] 75); 3.2.27 Hazardous Waste Transportation Manifest (October 1999); 3.2.28 Notice on Changing Soaking Materials for Electric Capacitor (No. 226(74)); 3.2.29 Notice on Preventing Pollution from PCBs Hazardous Wastes (No. (1979)225); 3.2.30 PCBs Wastes Pollution Control Standards, (GB13015-91); 3.2.31 The Regulation on Preventing Pollution from PCBs Electrical Capacitor and PCBs Wastes, SEPA and Ministryof Energy (1991); 3.2.32 Waste Water Integrated Discharge Standards,(GB8978-1996); 3.2.33 Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB3095-1996); 3.2.34 Japanese Ambient Air Quality Standards; 3.2.35 Surface Water Environment Quality Standards,(GB3838-2002); 3.2.36 Ground Water Environment Quality Standards,(GB/T14848-93); 3.2.37 Industrial Enterprise Plant Boundary Noise Standards, (GB12348-90); 3.2.38 Hygiene Standardfor the Design of Industrial Enterprises,(TJ36-79); 3.2.39 Soil Environment Quality Standards, (GB15618-1995); 3.2.40 Medical Waste Management Regulation, State Council Decree No. 380; 3.2.41 National Plan for the Construction of Hazardous and Medical Wastes Treatment Facilities; 3.2.42 Medical Waste Category and List, Ministry of Health and and SEPA; 3.2.43 Technical Criteria of the Centralized Treatment of Medical Wastes (Ad Hoc); 3.2.44 Technical Requirements for Medical Waste Incinerators(Ad Hoc), (GB19128-2003); 3.2.45 Technical Requirements for Medical Waste Vehicles (Ad Hoc),(GB19217-2003); 3.2.46 Feasibility Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incineration Demonstration Project, Beijing Non-Ferrous Metallurgy Design and Research Institute (June 1999); 3.2.47 EIA Outline for a State High-tech Industrialization Pilot Construction Project ­ Shenyang Hazardous Wastes Incineration Demonstration Project; 3.2.48 Approval by National Development and Planning Committee on the Feasibility Study Report of a State High-tech Industrialization Pilot Construction Project -- Shenyang Hazardous Wastes Incineration Demonstration Project, (No. [2000]-129); 3.2.49 EIA Contract for Shenyang Hazardous Wastes Incineration Demonstration Project; 3.2.50 Approval to the EIA Outline for State High-tech Industrialization Pilot Engineering Project ­ Shenyang Hazardous Wastes Incineration Demonstration Project, Shenyang Environmental Protection Bureau (2001-6); 3.2.51 Notice to Strengthen EIA Management for Projects Constructed by Loans from National Financial Organizations, SPEA, SDPC, MOF, Bank of China (No. [1993] 324); 16 3.2.52 Operational Directive 4.01: Environment Assessment (and its attachments), the World Bank; 3.2.53 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants; 3.2.54 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, (1989.3); 3.2.55 Waste Water and Gas Discharge Standards in Liaoning Province,(DB21-60-89). 3.3 KeyProvisions of Major Laws, Regulations and Standards 3.3.1 Solid Waste Pollution Control Law In order to prevent and control solid waste pollution and to protect human health, China issued the Solid Waste Pollution Control Law. This Law is the legal basis for hazardous waste treatment in China. The third article of the law stipulates that China adopts the principle of reducing the production of solid wastes, and utilizing and disposing solid wastes in controlling solid waste pollution. The forty-ninth article of the law stipulates that organizations that collect, store and dispose of hazardous wastes must apply for the operational license from the environmental protection authority at county or higher levels governments. The State Council issues specific management rule on such licensing process. It is prohibited to collect, store or dispose of hazardous wastes without obtaining the proper operational license. It is also prohibited to provide hazardous wastes to, or entrust any organizations without an operational license for collection, storage or disposal. The twelfth article of the law stipulates that the impacts of solid wastes generated from construction projects on the environment must be assessed. The measures to prevent the environmental pollution must be made, and be approved by environmental protection authorities according to related procedures. Only after the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Report is approved, the feasibility study report or design report of construction projects can be approved for implementation. Article 13 of the law stipulates that solid waste prevention facilities identified in EIA Reports of the construction projects must be designed, constructed and operated simultaneously with main facilities of the project. Solid waste prevention facilities have to be checked and accepted by authorities that approve the EIA Report of the same construction project before these facilities are being operated. The check and acceptance of solid waste prevention facilities and that of main facilities of the construction project should be conducted simultaneously. These articles provide a legal basis for this environmental impact assessment. 3.3.2 Special Standards for PCBs To strengthen the management and control of PCBs and to safeguard the environment and human health, China issued the PCBs Waste Pollution Control Standard (GB13015-91). This standard stipulates the control limits for PCBs waste pollution is 50 mg/kg. This standard allows wastes with 50-500mg/kg PCBs concentration to be disposed in landfills or incinerated, but requires hazardous wastes containing above 500mg/kg PCBs and PCBs used as impregnant in retired electrical capacitors must be incinerated. Furthermore, the standard also stipulates how PCBs wastes should be temporarily stored or sealed if immediate disposal is not possible. The construction of PCBs waste storage warehouse should meet related requirements. 3.3.3 Hazardous Waste Incineration Standards To regulate hazardous waste incineration, China issued the Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Incineration (GB18484-2001) in 2001. This standard stipulates that siting principles for hazardous waste incineration facilities, technical and performance indicators for 17 incineration facilities, discharge limits for incineration pollutants, treatment of the incineration residues, and monitoring requirements. PCBs technical and performance indicators are as follows: the temperature for incinerator is = 1200? , retention time for flue gas is =2.0s, the incineration efficiency is =99.9 %, the incineration decomposition rate is =99.9999 %, and the heat decreasing rate of the incineration residue is < 5 %. The standard also stipulates the discharge standard limits for DLCs, HCI and SO2. For DLCs, the discharge standard limit is 0.1 TEQng/m3. The standard also stipulates requirements for the operation of hazardous waste incineration facilities, flue gas purification process, and waste storage and safety control. 3.3.4 Water Pollution Control Standards To strengthen EIA, the design of environmental protection facilities, check and acceptance of completed construction projects, and the management of wastewater discharge, China issued Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996). This standard stipulates that Class I, II and III control standards for PCBs should be respectively 0.4mg/L , 0.6mg/L and 0.1mg/L for all facilities constructed after January 1, 1998. 3.3.5 Requirements of the Stockholm Conventions Accor ding to the Stockholm Convention, China should eliminate PCBs used in transformers, capacitors or other equipment with liquid PCBs. Based on Article 6 of the Convention, liquids containing PCBs and equipment contaminatedwith 0.005% or higher PCBs muse be treated. 3.3.6 Operational Licenses for Hazardous Waste Facilities China issued the Management Methods on Operational Licenses for Hazardous Waste Facilities to strengthen supervision over collection, storage and disposal of hazardous wastes, and to prevent hazardous waste pollution. This regulation stipulates that different levels of government agencies issue operational licenses to PCBs wastes disposal facilities based on the scales of these facilities. In particular, SEPA issues operational licenses to facilities (1) with an annual incineration capacity over 10,000 tons; (2) disposing of very dangerous wastes such as PCBs and mercury; (3) listed in the National Hazardous Waste Disposal Facility Construction Program. The operational license provides a management basis for the construction and operation of this project. 3.3.7 Regulations on PCBs Pollution The Chinese government has issued many regulations to regulate PCBs pollution since the 1970's. The following is a list of such laws, regulations, and standards. l Circular on Changing Impregnant Material for Electrical Capacitor. Ministry of Machineryand Electricity (March 1974). This circular forbids the use of PCB3 in capacitors. l Circular on Preventing PCBs Pollution. Ministryof Machineryand Electricity (August 1974) and the Environmental Protection Leading Group of the State Council. This circular bans the import of those PCBs based electric al equipment. l Circular on Strengthening the Management of Retired PCBs Electrical Capacitors, National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA, 1990). This circular bans the sales of retied PCBs electrical capacitors and the decomposition of retired PCBs electrical capacitors or capacitors with unknown impregnant. In addition, this circular requires environment authorities 18 and the power sector to investigate the status of PCBs electrical capacitors. l Regulation on Preventing Pollution from PCBs ElectricalCapacitorsand PCBs Waste, NEPA and the Ministry of Energy (1991). This regulation stipulates that the retired PCBs electrical devices must be sealed up and stored for a maximum period of 20 years. It also requires that all sealed-up equipment must be retrievable. This regulation asks that all retired PCBs electrical devices, PCBs oil and PCBs wastes must be sealed up and managed in a centralized way. It bans any organization or individual to sell, purchase, and decompose the PCBs electrical devices. The Design Standard for Storage and Centralized Storage Warehouse of PCBs Wastes is included as an attachment of the Regulation. l ThePCBs WastePollutionControlStandards(GB13015-91) requires that PCBs wastes must be stored in designated location approved by local environmental protection authorities. This standard stipulates that wastes with 500mg/kg PCBs concentration and PCBs used as impregnant in retired electrical capacitors must be incinerated, and wastes with 50-500mg/kg PCBs concentration can be disposed in landfill or incinerated. l Forthe import and export of hazardous wastes,the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposalstipulates that PCBs, PCTs and PBBs wastes are hazardous wastes, and their transboundary movement and disposal must abide by the Convention. In addition, SEPA issued imported waste environmental protection and control standards (GB16487 series) in 1996, including the Environmental Protection Control Standards (Ad Hoc) for Imported Wastes ­ Non-ferrous Metals (GB16487.7--1996), the Environmental Protection Control Standards (Ad Hoc) for Imported Wastes ­ Electrical Machinery (GB16487.8 ­ 1996), the the Environmental Protection Control Standards (Ad Hoc) for Imported Wastes ­ Electrical Wires and Cables (GB16487.9--1996), the Environmental Protection Control Standards (Ad Hoc) for Imported Wastes ­ Hardware and Electrical Appliances (GB16487.10--1996), and the Environmental Protection Control Standards (Ad Hoc) for Imported Wastes ­ To be Dissembled Vessels and Other Floating Structures (GB16487.11 ­ 1996). These standards forbid the import of wastes with a PCBs concentration higher than 50mg/kg. In 2001, the Ministry of Foreign Economic and Trade, the General Office of Customs and SEPA jointly issued a "the Third Inventory of Goods Banned from Import (3rd collection)" to ban the import of wasted oil containing PCBs and PBBs. l In 1998, SEPA, the State Economic and Trade Commission, the Ministry Foreign Economic and Trade, and the Ministry of Public Security jointly issued the Inventory of Hazardous Wastes (No. [1998] 89). This inventory lists the following PCBs wastes as the 10th Category of Hazardous Wastes: (1) overstocked, sealed and stored, retired, to-be-replaced electrical device (capacitors and transformers) containing PCBs, PCTs, PBBs wastes; (2) medium oil, insulation oil, cooling oil and heat-conducting oil extracted from PCBs, PBBs and PCTs electric al devices; (3) solvents used in decomposing PCBs, PBBs and PCTs electrical devices; (4) soil polluted by PCBs, PBBs and PCTs; (5) packaging materials for PCBs, PBBs and PCTs. l The disposal of hazardous wastes: The 2001 Pollution Control Standard for Hazardous Waste Incineration (issued jointly by SEPA and other related agencies) sets specific technical standards for PCBs incineration. For example, retention time for flue gas at 1200? is required to be at least 2 seconds, and the incineration efficiency rate and decomposition rate should be =99.9% and =99.9999%, respectively. The 2001 Technology Policies on the Prevention and Control of Hazardous Waste Pollution emphasizes that PCBs wastes should be incinerated in specialized incinerators and that its incineration facility needs to satisfy the requirements of this standard. This policy also requires that the management, storage and disposal of PCBs wastes 19 should follow the regulation on Pollution Prevention for PCBs Electrical Equipment and PCB Wastes. l PCBs wastesarehighly toxic, highenvironmentrisks, and difficulttomanage. Normal hazardous wastes management practices are not suitable for the treatment and disposal of PCBs wastes. Therefore, PCBs wastes should be collected and transported to the incineration facilities for disposal as soon as possible. The incinerators must meet the requirements specified in the Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Incineration. The management, storage and disposal of PCBs wastes should abide by the Regulation on Preventing Pollution from Electrical Capacitors with PCBs and PCBs Wastes. This regulation also stresses that the check-and-inspection as well as the management of PCBs wastes storage facilities should be further strengthened, and that follow-up supervision missions over PCBs waste disposal should be conducted. The Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage (GB18597-2001) and the Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Landfill (GB18598-2001) have yet to specifically address issues related to the disposal of PCBs wastes. l Management Methods for OperationalLicense of Hazardous Solid Wastes (Decree No. 408). The State Council stipulates that organizations that collect, store and deposal of hazardous wastes should apply for operation licenses from environmental protection authorities. In addition, SEPA is authorized to approval and issue operational licenses for the disposal of PCBs wastes. 3.3.8 Legal Bases For Environmental Assessment (1)Ambient Air Environmental Assessment Standard l Environmental quality standard In general, this project is required to meet Class II standards of the Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB3095-1996)". HCl is considered the most important chemical for the exposure of residential areas under the Health Standard for Industrial and Enterprises Design (TJ36-79). Because China has yet to issue ambient air quality standards on PCBs, this project uses the PCBs limits in the Law Concerning Special Measures against PCB Waste of Japan (enacted on June 15, 2001) as a reference for this EIA. The relevant parameters and their standard limits are shown in the Table 3.1-1. Table 3.1-1 Ambient Air Quality Standards and Standard Limits Limited Concentration Pollutants Unit Averaging Period Name of Standard of Standard Yearly average 0.2 TSP mg/Nm3 Dailyaverage 0.3 Yearlyaverage 0.15 PM10 mg/Nm3 Dailyaverage 0.10 Yearlyaverage 0.06 Ambient Air Quality Standards SO2 mg/Nm3 Dailyaverage 0.15 (GB3095-1996) Hourly average 0.50 Yearlyaverage 0.08 NO2 mg/Nm3 Dailyaverage 0.12 Hourly average 0.24 Dailyaverage 0.015 Health Standards for Industrial and HCl mg/Nm3 Concentration of 1 time 0.05 Enterprises Design (TJ36-79) PCBs µ g/Nm3 Hourly average 0.5 Ambient Air Quality Standard of Japan 20 (limited value of 1 time) l Pollutants DischargeStandards This project uses the Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Incineration (GB18484-2001) and the Technical Requirements for Medical Waste Incinerator (GB19281-1999) as the discharge standards of main pollutants. In addition, it uses the Discharge Standards for Atmospheric Pollution from Boilers (GWPB3-1999) as the discharge standards for atmospheric pollutants generated by coal-fired boilers used for domestic heating system. DCLs generated for the PCBs incineration facility of this project will be controlled with the standard requirement of the Stockholm Convention. DCLs for the medical waste incineration facility will be controlled by the standard requirement of the Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Incineration (GB18484-2001). The emission standards for main air pollutants are shown in the Table 3.1-2. Table 3.1-2 Main Air Pollutants Emission Standards Unit: mg/m3 Pollutants NOx(by Flue Gas Darkness PM HCl SO2 PCBs NO2) Degree Standard 80 70 300 150 mg/Nm3 500 I level DCLs (for Pollutants DCLs (for Cr+Sb+Sn medical Hg Cd As+Ni Pb PCBs line) +Mn+ Cu line) Standard 0.5TEQng/m3 0.1TEQng/m3 0.1 4.0 0.1 1.0 1.0 Note: All parameters in this table are measured at 11% O2 on a dry air basis. l AssessmentClass According to surface water EIA criteria under the Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guidance (HJ/T2.3-93), the control class for this project is determined as Class III. (2) Scope of Water Environmental Assessment, Standards and Control Class l WaterEnvironmentalQualityStandards This project uses Class III standards of the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GB3838-2002) to control surface water quality and Class III standards of the Ground Water Quality Standard (GBT14848-93) to control ground water quality. The standard limits are shown in the Table 3.1-3 and Table 3.1-4. Table 3.1-3 Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard Limits No. Unit Pollutants GIII limits Standard 1 mg/l PH 6-9 Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard 2 mg/l DO =5 (GB3838-2002) 3 mg/l CODcr 20 4 mg/l BOD5 4 5 mg/l Oil-likes 0.05 6 mg/l Volatile phenol 0.005 7 mg/l Total cyanide 0.2 21 8 mg/l Amino nitrogen 1.0 9 mg/l Nitrite 0.15 10 mg/l Nitrate 10 11 mg/l As 0.05 12 mg/l Hg 0.0001 13 mg/l Cr6+ 0.05 14 mg/l Cd 0.005 15 mg/l Pb 0.05 16 mg/l Cu 1.0 17 mg/l Zn 1.0 18 mg/l CL- 250 19 µg/l PCB5 0.02 20 mg/l SS 40 Value from water quality standard of Songhua River Table 3.1-4 Ground Water Quality Standard Limit No. Contaminates Unit Grade III limit 1 PH 6.5-8.5 2 Total hardness mg/l 450 3 F compounds mg/l 1.0 4 Cr6+ mg/l 0.05 5 As mg/l 0.05 6 Hg mg/l 0.001 7 Cd mg/l 0.01 8 Zn mg/l 1.0 l DischargeStandards Class I control standards under the Liaoning Provincial Wastewater and Waste Gas Emission Standards (DB21-60-89) is adopted to control water and air discharges of this project. Because China has yet to issue any ambient air standards for PCBs discharge, this project uses Japanese standards as reference standards to control PCBs discharge. See detailed information in Table 3.1-5. Table 3.1-5 Wastewater Comprehensive Discharge Standard Limits Item Unit Current Value after Standard No. value project Used completion 1 pH 6-9 6-9 2 SS mg/l 100 100 "Liaoning Provincial 3 COD mg/l 100 100 Wastewater & Waste Gas 4 BOD mg/l 60 60 Emission 5 Oil pollutants mg/l 10 8 Standards"(DB21-60-89) 6 Volatile phenol mg/l 1.0 0.5 7 PCBs µg/l 3 Japanese Standards 22 l AssessmentClass According to the EIA Technical Guideline (HJ/T2.3-93), the surface water quality needs to meet Class III standards. (3) Scope of Acoustic Environmental Assessment, Standard and Class l Scope The assessment is conducted within the boundaries of the project site. l Standard Class III standards under the Noise Standards for Industrial Enterprises Facilities (GB12348-90) are adopted to control noise in this project. See Table 3.1-6 Table 3.1-6 Sonic Environmental Assessment Standard Limit Class Daytime Night time Apply to area Work site noise limit dB(A) ? 65 55 Industrial area (3) Assessment Class This project is located relatively far from residential areas, and its noise will not affect the nearby residents. Therefore, Class III standard is used to control noise of this project. (4) Others The scope of solid waste assessment is within the boundaries of the project site because of the characteristics of solid wastes generated by the project. The following are a list of other standards used in this EIA. l Technical Principles and Methods for the Determination on Local Air Pollutants Discharge Standards (GB/T13201-91) l SoilEnvironmentalQualityStandards(GB15618-1995) l LiaoningProvinceSolidWastesPollutionControlStandards(GB21-777-94) l PCBsWastesPollutionControlStandards(GB13015-91) 23 4. Institutional Framework 4.1 National Institutional Arrangements In November 2003, the Chinese government set up a National Implementation Plan Steering Group for the Implementation of the Stockholm Convention. Headed by SEPA, this Steering group consists of eleven national agencies: SEPA, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Health,the Ministry of Construction, the General Office of Customs, the Electricity Supervision Committee, and the State Safe Production Supervision and Management Administration. The Steering Group is in charge of the development of the National Implementation Plan (NIP) and the review and approval of implementation plans. 4.1.1 State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) In charge of China's environmental protection efforts, SEPA is the leading agency for China 's negotiation delegation to the Stockholm Convention and serves the focal point for the implementation of the Stockholm Convention in China. The supervision and management of hazardous wastes is one of the major responsibilities of SEPA. Based on the Solid Waste Pollution Control Law, SEPA, working with other ministries, has issued a series of management methods, standards and policies on hazardous wastes. The main departments of SEPA involved in the implementation of Stockholm Convention are its Departments for International Cooperation, Pollution Control, Policy and Law, Science and Standards, Planning and Finance, and Monitoring and Supervision. In particular, the Department of International Cooperation of SEPA is in charge of negotiation and foreign cooperation issues, and the Department of Pollution Control is SEPA's key department in charge of the implementation of the Stockholm Convention, the Basel Convention and the Rotterdam Convention. Specifically, the Solid Waste and Chemical Management Division under the Department of Pollution Control is in charge of the management and control of PCBs pollution in China. To implementation the Stockholm Convention, SEPA has established a Country Implementation Office to (1) organize policy studies; (2) provide support to negotiations, including studying and preparing the negotiation plan and participating in the negotiation, developing and implementing corresponding national policies and regulations,and coordinating with institutions and departments concerned; (3) review projects, prepare and submit projects for approval, and implement approved projects; (4) provide support to mobilize national counterpart funding; (5) collect and analyze data and information, publish these data according to certain procedures, and organize publicity and training activities; (6) perform other work assigned by the Steering Group. 4.1.2 Supporting InstitutionsAffiliated with SEPA in Hazardous Waste Management These institutions include the National Chemical Registration Center, the Solid Waste Import Registration and Management Center, and the China Technology Transfer and Training Center for Hazardous Waste Management and Disposal. The National Chemical Registration Center provides technical supports to SEPA in chemical management. The Center is managed by the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, and supervised by the Solid Waste and Chemical Management Division of the Pollution Control Department of SEPA. In addition to managing the registration of chemicals imported to China for the first time and import and 24 export of hazardous chemicals, the Center is also engaged in improving methods and technologies for chemical management. Since July 1, 2003, SPEA has entrusted the Chinese-Japanese Environmental Protection Publicity and Education Center to control the approval of the import of wastes to be used as raw materials. The Waste Import Registration Center affiliated with the Chinese-Japanese Center is in charge of such approval. Technology Transfer and Training Center for Hazardous Waste Management and Disposal is located in the Solid Waste Control and Resource Research Institute in the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering at Tsinghua University. The Center provides technical support to the negotiation of the Basel Convention and related training activities. 4.1.3 Relevant Sectors The Ministry of Chemical Industry was in charge of the production of PCBs, the Ministry of Machinery Industry managed the production of PCBs electrical capacitors, and the Ministry of Electricity was responsible for the operational management of PCBs electrical devices. As of 2004, a new system in China's electric power enterprises has been established. Power plants and distribution networks are separate management systems. There're five power generation companies and two distribution network companies (the National Electric Network Company and Nanfang Electric Network Company). The provincial power companies in Zhejiang and Liaoning, two demonstration provinces for PCBs management and disposal, are managed by the National Electric Network Company. On behalf of the State Council, the National Electricity Supervision Committee supervises China's power companies. The Supervision and Management Department for Electricity Transmission of the Committee is in charge of the management of electrical devices, including those with PCBs. The National Electric Network Company is a super-size enterprise working on electricity transmission, transforming, and allocation. Approved by the State Council, this company is a authorized investment institution and a pilot company with dominated shareholding by the state. The managerial personnel of the company are appointed by the central government, and its General Manager is the legal representative of the company and takes the full responsibility of the company. 4.2 Provincial and Municipal EPB According to the Regulation on Pollution Prevention for PCBs Electrical Capacitor and PCBs Wastes, environmental protection authorities at all government levels have the responsibility of supervising the control of PCBs pollution in their administrative areas. Therefore, the pollution control departments at provincial EPBs or provincial solid waste management centers are responsible for the control of provincial PCBs pollution, and the pollution control divisions or pollution management divisions at municipal EPBs are responsible for the PCBs pollution control in their cities. The responsibilities of the Solid Waste Management Center at the Liaoning Provincial EPB is (1) to draft provincial laws, regulations and standards ; (2) to develop solid waste management plans and schedules; (3) to work out economic policies for solid waste pollution control technology; (4) to take charge of hazardous waste reporting and registration; (5) to issue hazardous waste operation licenses; (6) to organize and implement the hazardous wastes transfer manifest system; and (7) to supervise solid waste pollution control. 25 The Pollution Control Division of the provincial EPB is responsible for the development and implementation of provincial environmental laws, regulations and standards. The cross-province transportation of PCBs is managed by provincial EPBs according to the Management Methods for Hazardous Wastes Transfer (SEPA, No. [1995] 5). At provincial level, the Liaoning Provincial EPB is responsible for PCBs pollution control in the whole province. At city level, municipal EPBs are responsible for local PCBs pollution control. Figure 4.2-1 illustrates the institutional arrangements of the environmental protection system in Liaoning. 4.2.1 Liaoning Provincial EPB Based on the Circular on Institutional Reform Plan for Liaoning Provincial Government Agencies of the State Council and decisions of the Liaoning provincial government, Liaoning Provincial EPB is in charge of environmental protection issues in Liaoning. Its Pollution Control Division, International Cooperation Division and Provincial Solid Waste Management Center are responsible for the implementation of the Stockholm Convention and PCBs pollution control and disposalin the province. The Pollution Control Division of the Liaoning ProvincialEPB is responsible for (1) the development and implementation of pollution control laws and regulation on air, water, soil, noise, solid wastes, hazardous chemicals and vehicle pollution; (2) the implementation of environment management system such as the registration of pollution discharge; (3) emission control; (4) licensing of hazardous waste operations; (5) import and export registration for hazardous chemical, etc. The International Cooperation Division is responsible for the international cooperation and exchange, the coordination and administration of international cooperation projects, international affairs within the province and environmental protection issues concerning international collaboration. 4.2.2 Municipal EPBs In Liaoning, there're 14 municipal EPBs, whose institutional arrangements and operational performance are similar to those of the provincial EPB but are limited in their municipalities. These EPBs are also in charge of the management of PCBs and other hazardous wastes. In Shenyang, the municipal EPB has establishe d the Solid Waste Management Division to supervise solid waste pollution control of the city. The specific duties of Shenyang (as well as other municipal EPBs) include: (1) the development of municipal laws, regulations, standards and policies of solid waste management; (2) the development of solid waste pollution control plans ; (3) the supervision and inspection of solid waste pollution control; (4) the supervision of environment safety management of retired and abandoned hazardous chemicals; (5) the enforcement of solid waste laws and regulations, including solid waste reporting and registration system and authorized disposal system; (6) the check and approval of operational licenses and transportation of hazardous wastes; (7) the response to pollution accidents; (8) the management of solid waste training and publicity activities; (9) research on solid wastes disposal technology; (10) the publication of solid waste related information; and (11) other tasks assigned by the municipal government and provincial and national environmental protection authorities. 26 Information Centre Supervision Group Auxiliary organizations Propaganda Centre Environmental Association Shenyang Environmental County and District Evaluation Centre Protection Bureau Environmental Protection bureau ShenyangAcademyof Environmental Sciences Departments Directly Under the Bureaus Shenyang Environmental Monitoring Centre Station Dalian Environmental Protection County and District Environmental Shenyang Environmental Bureau ProtectionBureau Engineering Design Institute Prefecture Level City Environmental Anshan Environmental Protection County and district environmental ProtectionBureau Bureau protectionbureau Fushun Environmental Protection County and District Environmental Bureau Protection Bureaus Benxi Environmental Protection County and District Environmental Bureaus Protection Bureaus Dandong Environmental Protection County and District Environmental Bureau Protection Bureaus Jinzhou Environmental Protection County and District Environmental Bureau ProtectionBureau Yingkou Environmental Protection County and District Environmental Bureau ProtectionBureau Bureau Fuxin Environmental Protection County and District Environmental Bureau ProtectionBureau Liaoyang Environmental County and District Environmental Protection Bureau Protection Bureaus Protection Panjin Environmental Protection County and District Environmental Bureau Protection Bureaus Tieling Environmental Protection County and District Environmental Bureau Protection Bureaus Chaoyang Environmental County and District Environmental Environmental Protection Bureau Protection Bureaus Huludao Environmental Protection County and District Environmental Bureau Protection Bureaus Province Information Centre Supervision Group Liaoning Auxiliary organizations Propaganda Centre InstituteandAssociation Evaluation Centre Liaoning Province Environmental Science Research Institute Liaoning Province Environmental Department Directly Under the Bureau Monitoring Centre Station Liaoning Province Radiation Environmental Monitoring Station Figure 4.2-1 Institutional Arrangements of the Environmental Protection System in Liaoning 27 4.3 Liaoning Provincial Electric Power Company As a state-owned limited company invested solely by the National Electric Power Corporation (NEPC), the Liaoning Provincial Electric Power Co. Ltd. was established on March 29, 1999. The company operates the provincial electricity network, manages the provincial electricity network, and coordinates provincial power companies. The headquarter of the Liaoning Provincial Electric Power Co. Ltd. is located in Shenyang. The company has 18 sub-companies that they fully funded, hold dominate shares, or hold shares. Among these 18 sub-companies, 13 companies are fully funded and held dominant shares by the Liaoning Provincial Electric Power Co. Ltd. Six of the 18 companies are construction enterprises and 4 are machinery production enterprises. The Liaoning Provincial Electric Power Co. Ltd. manages the North-Eastern Research Institute for Electricity Science, the National Research Center of Power Station Incineration Technology, and the North-Eastern Research Center for Electricity Adjustment Technology. 28 5. Basic Environmental Information 5.1 Geographical Location The project site is selected at Gujia Forestry Work Station of Xinmin City. The northwest of the site is Zhaojiawopu, its west is Lutun Township, its east is the National Road 102, and its south is Xiaozhutun Village. For details, see Figure 5.1-1. 5.2 Natural Environment: A Survey 5.2.1 Landform The Xinmin area is basically a plain, flat with an average altitude of about 50m. 5.2.2 Climate and Weather The Xinmin area has a typical continental climate in the northern temperate zone, with a clear division of the four seasons. In summer, it is hot and rainy. In winter, it is cold and dry. Spring and autumn are the two transitional seasons at the Xinmin area. The average annual temperature is 8.1? , with a record high temperature of 37.3? and a record low temperature of -31.9? . The average wind speed is 3.3m/s. In recent ten years, the average annual precipitation is 620.63mm, with a record high precipitation of 1012.7mm and a record low precipitation of 378.4mm. Most of the precipitation occurs from May to September. The maximum depth of the frozen earth is 1.3m. 5.2.3 Geological Conditions The ground surface of the selected project site is covered by the alluvial sands of the Hunhe River. It has many layers: Layer 1: A layer of powder clay: yellowish brown, dry and loose in the upper part, saturated and plastic in the lower. It is 1.1-3.5m thick, and the top 0.3-0.5m portion is arable. This layer is commonly seen in the project site. Layer 2: A layer of silt powder clay: gray dark, saturated, soft and plastic. Layer 3: A layer of fine sand: yellowish brown, damp, medium density; interspersed with a thin layer of powder clay, 0.1-0.2m thick. Layer 4: A layer of medium-sized sand: yellowish brown, gray white, dry to slightly damp, medium density, mixed with small amounts of small gravels (about 5mm in size), and in some places, interspersed with fine sands and coarse sands, 1.3-3.7m thick. Layer 5: A layer of coarse sand: yellowish brown, black gray, saturated, medium density. This layer is dominantly coarse sand, and interspersed with thick layers of gravels. Layer 6: A layer of powder clay: gray, black gray, saturated with plasticity, containing iron stripes and gobbets. Layer 7: A layer of gravels: gray, black gray, saturated with plasticity. This layer is dominantly gravels, interspersed with coarse sand, medium-sized sand and fine sand. Layer 8: A layer of powder clay: black gray, gray black, saturated with plasticity, and 1.5-2.0m thick. Layer 9: A layer of medium-sized sand: yellowish brown, saturated, medium density; the maximum exposed thickness is 1.8m. 29 Figure5 .1-1 The Map Of The Project Site 30 5.2.4 Hydrological Conditions The Liu River flows by the project site, 3 km to its east. It is a tributary to the Liao River. It originates in Naiman Banner in Inner Mongolia, and flows through Kulun Banner in Inner Mongolia and Fuxin, Zhangwu and Xinmin in Liaoning Province. It flows through 8 townships (towns) of Xinmin City and joins the Liao River at Wujiawopu, Chengjiao Township. A reservoir ­ Naodehai Reservoir ­ has been built on the upper reaches of the Liu River for flow control and agricultural irrigation. The annual average flow rate of the Liu River is 7.88m3/s. Because of a heavy erosion at its upper reaches, the Liu River is jammed with sand, with an average sand volume of 20-50kg/m3. The elevated river water saturates arable lands on both sides of the river, and consequently causes a secondary salinization. As a seasonal river, the Liu River often has no water from the end of October to the following May. Therefore, this river cannot provide enough water for groundwater replenishment except during the high flow and flood seasons. 5.2.5Hydro -geological Conditions Groundwater in the project area is abundant. The top water layer (Q4) is formed by alluviation. The top portion of the top water layer is gray powder soil interspersed with silt and powder clay. The middle portion is fine sand mixed with powder clay, and the bottom portion is coarse sand and gravels, adjacent to another water layer (Q3). The water level is at the depth of 4-5 m. The thickness of the water layer is 10-45m, the permeability coefficient is 5.7-8.0 m/d, the hydraulic gradient is 0.004, and the water flow of one single well is 1500-2500m3/d. The groundwater in this area has two layers, separate by powder clay as indicated in Layer 6. The power clay of this layer is 1.2-2.0m thick, containing the following layers of water: l The first water layer, which is dominated by coarse sand, is 6.5-7.7m thick and the water level is 29.09-29.22m. The groundwater flows in the south-to-north direction, and it is replenished by rainwater and underground runoff. l The second water layer, which is dominated by gravels, is located between Layers 6 and 8 of the powder clay. The waterhead fall is 8m, the water level is 28.22-28.53m, and the thickness of the water layer is 2.4-4.1m. The groundwater flows in the north-to-south direction, and it is replenished by the underground river. l The permeability coefficients of the different layers are: 0.7m/dfor Layer 3, 0.7m/dfor Layer 4 and 2.0m/d for Layer 5. 5.3 Social Environment: A Survey 5.3.1 Local Residents To the north of the project site is the Zhaojiawopu Village of Liangshan Town, to its south and east is the Xiaozhutun Village of Liuhe Township, and to its west is the Lutun Township. For details about these townships and towns, see Table 5.3-1. Table 5.3-1 Natural Conditions of the Townships and Towns around the Project Site Town or township Village Location to Distance Number of Total Arable land Total Agricultural name name the project from the site administrativeland area area population population site (km) villages (km2) (104m2) Liangshan Town Zhaojiawopu north 2.1 18 205 6631 26700 24746 Lutun Township Guajia northwest 3.2 11 117 4821 14333 14333 Liuhe Township Xiaozhutun south 2.3 16 200 6666 28748 27526 31 5.3.2 Natural Resources For details about natural resources in Sanxiang Town, see Table 5.3-2. Table 5.3-2 Natural Resourcesin Sanxiang Town Town or Forestland Forest Timber Rangeland (104m3) township area coverage rate cumulated Types of trees name (104m2) (%) (104m3) Natural Artificial Liangshan 3746 19.5 79 Poplars 1968 13.39 Town Lutun 2320 16 -- -- 689 -- Township Liuhe 10000 23 50 Poplars 666 13.3 Township 5.3.3 Transportation Conditions Transportation at The project site is very convenient. It is about 70km away from Shenyang and only 1km from the National Road 102. 5.3.4 Scenic Sites Xinmin Little West Lake, a scenic site, is located Qiandangpu Town, Xinmin City, covering an area of 3000m2, and about 20km from the project site. 5.3.5 Agricultural Conditions The project site is located on a state-owned forestry farm, with a total area of 78.5 mu, dominated by poplar trees. There are corn farmlands two kilometers north, west and south of the project site. Both sides of the access road to the project sites are farmed. These farmed areas are owned by the state forestry farm and rented by farmers at low rents. When the demonstration project operates, the areas will be banned from farming. 5.3.6 Population The current population in the south, west and north of the projectsite is about 698,000. It is estimated that the population in the area will be about 720,000 by 2010 and about 800,000 by 2015. The population in Zhaojiawopu is 362, Gujiatun is 117 and Xiaozhutun is 832. 5.3.7 Survey on Environmental Quality (1) Survey on Land Use For details about the present situation of land use around the project site, see Table 5.3-3. Table 5.3-3 The Present Situation of Land Use around the Project Site Unit: m2 Land for houses Land for Types of land Grassland Woodland Farmland Total of forestry staff roads Acreage 1500 52281 1000 3000 18118 57781 Table 5.3-3 shows that woodland is the predominant type of land, accounting for 90.50% of the land area. (2) Survey on Plant Resources The predominant type of trees around the project site is poplar. These poplars are above five 32 years and are about 10 to 14m high. There are at least 200 types of plants, 10 of which are conifers and over 50 are shrubs. The others are herbals. The conifers include Pinus tabulae, Robinia psewdoacacia, Vimas pamila, etc. The shrubs include Amorpha fraticosa and Artemisia sacr crum etc. There are also many economic plants, including potherbs, expunges, amylums, etc. Expunges mainly include Agrimonies pilosa and Kummerowia stipulacea. Amylums include Calysacgia hederacea etc. Potherbs include Asiatic plantain, Capsella barsa-pastoris, Alliammacrestemon,Taraxacm mongclium etc. (3) Survey on Soil Erosion According to the Standard for Classification of Soil Erosion (SL1-90-98), the intensity of soil erosion can be classified into different degrees. For details, see Table 5.3-4. Table 5.3-4 Indexes for Classification of the Intensity of Soil Erosion (average) Ground slope 5°~ 8° 8°~ 15° 15°~ 25° 25°~ 35° >35° 60~ 75 Light Coverage of 45~ 60 Intense trees and Extremely 30~ 45 grasses (%) Medium intense <30 Intense Arable land on Extremely Acute Light Medium Intense the slope intense The slope in the project area is about 5°~ 8°with a coverage of trees and grasses of 90%. Therefore, the intensity of soil erosion is light erosion. 5.3.8Public Utilities (1) Water Supply The water supply for the project relies on the state forestry farm's wells. The groundwater supply satisfies the requirement of project. (2) Wastewater Pipes The project site is in the rural areas, and thus no municipal wastewater pipes are available. After being treated to meet the standard, the wastewater generated from the project site will be discharged into a Ditch (Caotun Ditch), which is 300-400m west to the project site, and then flow a few kilometers into the Raoyang River. The drainage pipeline can be linked directly to Caotun Ditch. (3) Power Supply The electricity used for the project is rural electricity. 5.4 Current Environmental Monitoring Items and Methods Please see Table 5.4-1. Table5.4-1 Monitoring Items,Test Methods and Detection Limits Sample types Monitoring items Test methods Detection Limits Environmental air PCBs Gaseous phase chromatography 0.130µ g/Nm3 HCl Ionchromatography 0.006 mg/Nm3 TSP Weight method 0.03 mg/Nm3 SO2 HCl rosaniline spectrophotometry method 0.007 mg/Nm3 33 NO2 Saltzman spectrophotometry 0.006mg/Nm3 Noise HS-6288 noise analyzer 0.1(dB)A PCBs Gaseous phase chromatography 0.020 g/L PH Glass electrode 0.1pH unit DO Iodine measure 0.2 mg/L COD K2 Cr2 O7 method 5 mg/L NH4-N Natta reagent spectrophotometry method 0.02 mg/L NO3-N Ionchromatography 0.02 mg/L Surface water NO2-N Naphthylamine spectrophtometry method 0.003 mg/L Chlorides Ionchromatography 0.04 mg/L Cu Atomic adsorption spectrophotometry method 0.01 mg/L Pb Atomic adsorption spectrophotometry method 0.03 mg/L Zn Atomic adsorption spectrophotometry method 0.003 mg/L Cd Atomic adsorption spectrophotometry method 0.003 mg/L PCBs Gaseous phase chromatography method 0.020µ g/L PH Glass electrode 0.1PH unit NH4-N Natta reagent spectrophotometry method 0.02 mg/L NO3-N Ionchromatography 0.02 mg/L Groundwater NO2-N Naphthlamine spectrophotometry method 0.003 mg/L Chlorides Ionchromatography 0.02 mg/L Hardness EDTA complexometric 4mg/L Titration method Totalbacteria Plate cultivation method 1 PCBs Gaseous phase chromatography 2.62µ g/L pH Glass electrode 0.1PH unit Mineralization Weight method 5 mg/kg Hg Cold atom adsorption method 0.0005kg/kg Cr Hexichol Carbonyl spectrophotometry 0.04 mg/kg Soil method Cd Atom adsorption spectrophotometry method 0.03 mg/kg Zn Atom adsorption spectrophotometry method 0.03 mg/kg Pb Atom adsorption spectrophotometry method 0.3 mg/kg Cu Atom adsorption spectrophotometry method 0.1mg/kg Ni Atom adsorption spectrophotometry method 0.33mg/kg 5.5 Air Quality Monitoring and Assessment 5.5.1 Monitoring Points According to the project site's geographical location, prevailing wind direction and locations of residential areas, two monitoring points are set at the Xiaozhutun Village and the Zhaojiawopu Village, respectively. The first one is over 2km to the north, and the second one is 2km to the south of the project site. In addition, the third monitoring point is set 6km away in northeastern direction of the project site, whichis at the southwestern suburban area of Xinmin city. Their specific locations are shown in Figure 5.5-1. 34 5.5.2 Monitoring Parameters Monitoring parameters are: PM10, SO2, NO2, HCl and PCBs. 5.5.3 Monitoring Frequency Monitored three consecutive days for PM10, SO2, NO2, and PCBs. Monitored twice a day from Apr 24-26, 2002. 5.5.4 Sampling Techniques Following the "Environmental Technical Guidance." 5.5.5 Results and Evaluation The monitored results are analyzed based on environmental air quality grade II. Daily and hourly averages of air pollution factors are evaluated. The monitored data are shown in Table 5.5-1. Table 5.5-1 Environmental Air Quality Monitoring Results Unit: mg/Nm3 Factors PCBs PM10 SO2 NO2 HCl Point (µ g/Nm3) Daily ave. Daily ave. Hourly ave. Dailyave. Hourly ave. Once Daily ave. Zhaojiawopu 0.396 <0.003 <0.003 0.020 0.030 <0.006 <0.13 (1#) West suburb of 0.527 <0.003 <0.005 0.021 0.033 <0.006 <0.13 Xinmin City (2#) Xiaozhutun 0.412 <0.003 <0.005 0.022 0.031 <0.006 <0.13 Project site 0.410 <0.003 <0.005 0.021 0.031 <0.006 <0.13 GB3095-1996 TJ36-79 0.30 0.15 0.50 0.12 0.24 0.17 Grade II 0.05 Note: (1) Japane se standards are adopted for PCBs. The daily average value is determined as 1/3 of once value (maximum). (2) This project will conduct air background monitoring before the operation of the medical waste incineration facility, before the operation of the PCBs incineration facility, and one year after the operation of the PCBs facility. PCBs and DCLs concentration in the sampled air will be analyzed. As shown in table5.5-1, PM10 daily averages excess the standard limits by 32%, 75% and 37% at the three monitoring points. This shows that the project area has a serious dust problem. Because of weather condition, this area has wind, and thus sand, for most time of the year. Therefore, the PM10 daily averages exceed the standard. At the project site, PM10 exceeds the standard by 37%. Other parameters comply with standard limits. 5.6 Underg round Water Monitoring and Assessment 5.6.1 Layout of Monitoring Points According to underground water distribution and flow directions, a monitoring point is set at a deep well 4km east to the project site. Another monitoring point is set in the southwestern direction of the project site (approx. 4km away) using a drilled hole as monitoring point. Specific locations are shown in Figure 5.5-1. 35 5.6.2 Monitoring Items Monitoring items are: pH, hardness, manganate index, chlorides, NH4-N, NO3-N, NO2-N, PCBs, Cd,Cu, and Zn. 36 Figure 5.5-1 Locations Of Monitoring Points 37 5.6.3 Monitoring Date October 22-23, 2002, once a day for two consecutive days. 5.6.4 Monitoring Results and Evaluation Singular factor evaluation method is adopted and pursuant to "Ground Water Quality Standards" Grade III. The monitored results are shown in Table 5.6-1. Table 5.6-1 shows that ammonia-nitrogen in the groundwater of this area is 95~ 225% above the standard, iron is 330%~ 390% times above standard, and manganese is 400~ 1360% above standard. The other indexes are in compliance with the standard limits. Analysis shows that the above indexes exceed the standard limits primarily because of the local geological conditions. At the project site, the ammonia-nitrogen is over the standard by 125%, iron is over the standard by 360%, and manganese is over the standard by 700%. 5.7 Current Environmental Noise Levelat the Project Site The project site is in the forest farm and there are no residential areas within 2km radius of the project site. Noise in the area is mainly from vehicles on the road and wind blowing through the forest. Two monitoring was conducted on October 28, 2002 (one at 10:00-11:00 a.m. and the other at 22:30-23:30 p.m.). The equivalent noise average value was 37dB(A). Specific monitoring locations are shown in Figure 5.5-1. 5.8 Current Surface WaterQuality This project has no contacts with local surface water. There is drainage ditch 1km west to the project site. The ditch is normally dry and only has rainwater drained in summer. The ditch extends to the southwest direction for 12km and then merges into a main drainage canal ­ Caotun Ditch. The Caotun Ditch is 30km in length and finally reaches the Raoyang River. All the main ditches that are west of the Liu River end up at the Raoyang River. The wastewater of this project will be discharged into the drainage ditch west to the project site. Except in the summer, the discharge will seep into the earth or evaporate along the way in the ditch, therefore it is highly likely the discharge cannot reach the main CaotunDitch. The Raoyang River originates from Inner Mongolia and flows 57km in the Xinmin area. The river provides irrigation water for local farms. The river has a Grade III water quality. See Table 5.8-1 for the monitored data collected in October 2003. 38 Table 5.6-1 Ground Water Monitoring Results Unit: mg/L (Except for pH and PCBs) Direction Depth PCBs Point pH Hardness NH4-N NO3-N NO2-NPermanganateChloride Pb Zn Cu Cd Fe Mn (m) index mg/l Liu he well SE 80 6.8 406 0.65 0.66 <0.003 0.1 14 <0.026 0.005 0.05 0.007 0.001 1.46 1.46 Chapengtun SW 15 7.1 200 0.39 0.63 <0.003 0.8 25 <0.026 0.004 0.03 0.006 0.001 1.3 0.5 Village The project site -- 5 6.8 309 0.45 0.65 <0.003 0.5 17.7 <0.026 0.004 0.04 0.006 0.001 1.38 0.8 GB/T14848 6.5~ 450 0.2 20 0.02 3.0 250 -- 0.05 1.0 1.0 0.01 0.3 0.1 -93 ? 8.5 39 Table 5.8-1 MonitoringData for Raoyang RiverWater Quality unit: mg/l (except pH) Item pH CODcr DO BOD5 Oil NH4-N NO3- NO2- Pb Zn Cu Cd Low water 8.3 53 10.3 1.9 0.18 0.63 2.04 0.063 0.02 0.002 0.005 0.002 season Highwater 8.3 46 5.6 5.1 0.46 0.20 0.27 0.032 0.02 0.002 0.005 0.002 season Yearly 8.3 50 8.0 3.5 0.32 0.42 1.16 0.048 0.02 0.002 0.005 0.002 average GB3838- 2002 6.5~ 8.5 20 5 4 0.2 0.5 20 0.15 0.05 1.0 1.0 0.05 Grade ? Table 5.8-3 shows that the annual average CODcr concentration of the Raoyang River is 50% over the standard limit, and oil 60% over the standard limit. The annual average BOD5 concentration during the high water season is 25% over the standard limit, and ammonic N. is 20% over the standard limit during the low water season. All other indexes are in compliance with standard limits. Therefore, organic matters are main pollutants of the Raoyang River. This is because the upper reaches of the river are polluted by industrial and sewage wastewater. 5.9 Soil Environmental Quality Monitoring and Assessment 5.9.1 Layout of Monitoring Points Two monitoring points are selected by considering the soil affected by atmospheric PM settlement, locations with maximum PM settlement and principles to set up monitoring points. The points are 1km away from the site in the north and in the south directions. Because China had no certified analytical laboratory as of 2004, the background values of DLCs in the environment were not be monitored. A PLC monitoring scheme will be implemented in the project progress. The monitoring points will be set at 700m upwind and 500m downwind before the operation of the medical wastes incineration line. At present qualified institutions will be commissioned to conduct soil sampling and sample storage. The samples will be tested and analyzed prior to the operation of the facility. Specific monitoring locations are highlighted on Figure 5.5-1. 5.9.2 Monitoring Items Monitoring items are: moisture, PCBs, pH, mineralization, Hg, Cr, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Ni. 5.9.3 Sampling Technique The depth of sampling soil is between 10-30cm.A sample is taken at every 10cm. 5.9.4 Monitoring Date October 9, 2002. 5.9.5 Monitoring Results and Evaluation Single factor evaluation method is adopted. The Grade II standard limits of the Soil Environment Quality Standards (GB15618-1995) are used to evaluate monitoring results. The monitoring results are shown in Table 5.9-1. 40 Table 5.9-1 Soil Monitoring Results Unit: mg/kg (except pH) Moisture PCBs DCLs Points pH Mineralization Hg Cd Zn Pb Cu Ni Cr (%) (µ g/kg) North Tobe 9.1 <2.62 7.4 184 0.0057 <0.03 0.73 0.42 <0.1 <0.33 0.06 (Downwind 700m) Done South Tobe 10.6 <2.62 7.6 100 0.0041 <0.03 0.32 0.79 <0.1 <0.33 0.04 (Upwind 500m) Done Projectsite 10.2 <2.62 7.6 120 0.0046 <0.03 0.50 0.65 <0.1 <0.33 0.03 GB15618-1995 0.5- 0.3- 250- 300- 200- 100 50-60 Grade II 1.0 0.6 300 350 250 Note: This project will conduct soil background monitoring before the operation of the medical waste incineration facility, before the operation of the PCBs incineration facility, and one year after the operation of the PCBs facility. PCBs and DCLs concentration in the sampled soil will be analyzed. Table 5.9-1 shows that soil in the project site and the area around the project site contain low level of heavy metals. 41 6. Project Description 6.1 Basic Information about the Project 6.1.1 Name, Site of the Project and Nature the Project Construction (1) Project Name Project name: Shenyang Hazardous Wastes Incineration Demonstration Project (2) Nature of the Project New construction. (3)Project Site According to the project plan, the project will be constructed at the Forestry Center of Gujia Forestry Work Section, Xinmin, Shenyang. The Forestry Center is about 10 km away from the city. 6.1.2 Contents of Project Demonstration Build a world-class regional hazardous waste incineration plant. The main contents include: (1) Use a technology, which is independently researched and developed by China, to build China's first PCBs incineration facility with a treatment capacity of 15t/d. (2) A hazardous waste incineration plant with equipment made in China. (3) The concentration of PCBs in the flue gas, wastewater and residues discharged from the incineration plants are below the national control standard, and also below the control standards of many developed countries. (4) A hazardous waste incineration plant that can operate independently. (5) Build a medical waste incineration plant that has advanced technology, well-equipped facilities and a treatment capacity of 15t/d. (6) Build a specialized system for waste collection, transportation, storage and pretreatment for the incineration plant. (7) Build a necessary system for characterizing wastes. (8) Build a plasma disposal demonstration facility. 6.1.3 The Conditions of Site Selection Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incineration Demonstration Project is located at the Gujia Forestry Center, Xinmin, Shenyang. It is about 10km away from downtown Xinmin. The site is an alluvial plain washed by the sand dunes of the Liuhe River, and has no arable land in the surroundings. The construction of the demonstration project at this site does not require the relocation of local residents. The site is surrounded by a large tract of economic woodland, so there is no need to acquire land from any farmers. Guotun Village, which is at the dominant leeward, is 2 km away from the project site, Xiaozhutun Village is about 5 km to the south of the site, and all the other villages are more than 2km away, so the environmental impact is not big. Transportation to the site is very convenient. This site is 72 km away from Shenyang. The factory complex is only 1,000 meters away from the National Highway 102, connecting by a 10-meter-wide road. The power supply station of Liangshan, Xinmin is about 4 km from the factory complex. The station is equipped with two 100KV/10KV transformers and has a power supply capacity of 9450kVA. Concrete poles can be set up to transmit electricity overhead and a 10kV power distribution station can be established at the project site. This area is well equipped with 42 telecommunications facilities. A local telephone line is just one kilometer away from the construction site and along the National Highway 102. Groundwater at the project site is abundant. Hydrographic data show that water output in this area is about 70~ 80 tons/hour. Water sources can meet the demands for construction and residential uses. The project site will be connected to a canal for flood discharge (Caotun Canal) with necessary pipelines for wastewater discharge. All the above conditions meet the requirements for project construction. 6.1.4 Land Area Occupied by the Project and the Plant Layout With a total area of 30,015.67m 2, the factory complex is divided into three zones: the front zone, the ancillary production zone and the production zone. The greening area at the project site will be 7,503.92m2, and the greening coefficient is 35%. For information about land use, see Table 6.1-1. Table6 .1-1 Land Use at the Factory Complex No. Items Unit Quantity Remarks 1 Total land area m2 30015.67 2 Building area m2 8030 3 Area of paved roads and grounds m2 10035.2 4 Construction coefficient % 26.7 5 Road coefficient % 33.4 6 Greening coefficient % 35 To manage and dispose hazardous wastes properly, this project will use incineration, flue gas purification, wastewater treatment and landfill of ashes and slag to deal with PCBs and pollutants and medical wastes generated from the facility. In addition to the main factory building, this project has also built an ancillary production workshop and public utilities. (1) Main Factory Building It consists of the incineration workshop for PCBs and medical wastes, the storage warehouse for PCBs wastes, the power distribution room, the stockpile warehouse for ashes and slag, the control room, and the central laboratory, etc. (2) Ancillary Production Workshop It consists of the boiler house, the water storage pond, the water pump house, the machine repair workshop, PCB and medical wastewater treatment units, the fuel pump house, etc. (3) Office And Service Facilities The office building. For the layout of the project site, see Figure 6.1-1. 43 Figure 6.1-1 Layout of The Project Site 44 Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project 6.1.5 The Construction Scale and Investment of the Project The project will build a PCBs incineration line to serve the whole country. The PCBs line will be used to dispose PCBs wastes. The treatment capacity is 15 tons/day, or 4,500 tons a year. Meanwhile, a medical waste line with the treatment capacity of 15 tons/day for Shenyang area will be constructed. The medical waste line has a treatment capacity of 4500 tons a year. The total investment on the PCBs incineration plant is 48.97 million yuan, of which 47.47 million yuan is the investment of fixed assets and 1.5 million yuan is the active capital for production. For information about project investment, see Table 6.1-2. Table 6.1-2 Information about Project Investment Unit: million yuan Items Construction Equipment Installation Tools and Others Total machines Investment on PCBs 6.16 33.57 3.09 0.11 6.04 48.97 facilities The national government has appropriated 15 million RMB grant for the project. In addition, the project has borrowed 1.05 million RMB from a bank as active capital. In order to update the PCBs incineration line and its ancillary facilities to meet requirements of the Stockholm Convention, 18.30 million yuan will be provided by the GEF via the World Bank. The Shenyang Academy of Environmental Scienc es, the principal of the project, will raise the remaining funds. The investment on the medical waste incineration facility is 12.67 million yuan, which will be raised by the proprietors themselves. The total investment on the incineration plant is 61.64 million yuan. It is estimated that the investment on the plasma facility project will be 69.88 million yuan, 70% of which may be supported by government and 30% will be raised by the Shenyang Academy. 6.1.6 Main Technical and Economic Indexes For main technical and economic indexes of the PCBs incineration line, see table 6.1-3. Table 6.1-3 Main Technical and Economic Indexes of the PCBs Incineration Line No. Items Unit Quantity Remarks 1 Designed capacity PCBs treatment capacity t/d 15 Annua l treatment capacity of hazardous wastes t/a 4500 2 Number of work days a year d 300 3 Years of service a 10 4 Fixed number of working people person 130 5 Project funds Project total investment million yuan 48.972 Funds appropriated by government million yuan 15 6 Total cost million yuan 46.09 Production per year 7 Sales revenue million yuan/a 60.358 Production per year 8 Economic Indicators Investment payoff period a 5.7 Investment profit rate % 20.4 Production per year Inve stment tax rate % 29.1 Production per year Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 45 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project 6.2 PCBs Incineration Line 6.2.1 Technologies of High-Temperature Incineration (1) Technological Process The Shanyang Academy of Environmental Sciences designed the PCBs waste incineration and flue gas cleanup system of this project. The hazardous waste incineration technology is in compliance with the American regulation Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA). Main technologies for disposing PCBs include: high temperature incineration, BCD (Base Catalyzed Decomposition), chemical method (NaOH+DMI), catalytic hydrogenation to oxygen-free, ultra-critical water oxidization, t-C4H90K and so on. Except incineration technology has been applied in operation, the rest technologies are still in the trial stage. Rotary kiln incineration, afterburner, NaOH scrubbing, carbon adsorption, and baghouse filtration are widely adopted for hazardous solid waste disposal. The incineration line uses high-temperature heat decomposition rotary kiln, two-stage fume processing burner, Venturi quencher, NaOH and active carbon absorption, baghouse filteration, etc. for tail gas treatment, as well as wastewater treatment and recycling technologies. The incineration processes are as follows: (i) Two-stage heat decomposition oxidation technology is adopted. The process temperature in the first stage heat decomposition is controlled below 1000? to prevent slag forming and consequently prolong fireproof material life. In the afterburner, the temperature is controlled at 1200? in the oxidation process, and fumes are controlled to retain in the furnace for more than 2 seconds so as to guarantee a thorough destruction of toxic organic substances in the fumes. (ii) the first stage heat decomposition rotary kiln is able to incinerate solid, sludge and liquid organic hazardous wastes together. Rich oxygen incineration technology is employed at its cindering stage to greatly increase incineration efficiency and reduce hazardous concentration in the slag. (iii) the afterburner is equipped with specially designed secondary air ducting lines to realize complete turbulent flow, so that fume "short-circuit" is effectively eliminated. (iv) The most advanced technology in the world, the wet quench scrubbing technology is adopted in this facility. This technology can effectively eliminate acidic gases from the flue gas. In addition, active carbon jetting and baghouse filtration technology can bring the DLCs down below 0.1TEQ ng/m3. (v) Wastewater treatment technology is used and treated wastewater will be recycled. For technological process flow, see Figure 6.2-1. (2)Technical Features l The incineration technology adopts two-stage heat degradation oxidation process while separating energy and wastes. The temperature of the first-stage kiln is controlled below 1000? to prevent the thaw of slag and increase the life of fireproof materials. The temperature of the afterburner is controlled at 1200? , and the retention time of flue gas is more than 2 seconds to ensure that toxic and harmful contents in the flue gas are completely destroyed. l First stage incineratorisofa rotaryform and capable of disposing solid, slurry type and liquid forms of organic hazardous wastes concurrently. The high concentration oxygen combustion tech is introduced at the tail combustion stage so that the disposal efficiency is greatly enhanced while minimizing any harmful contents in the slag. l Second stage oxidation kiln is equipped with a secondary air line to enable the combusting gas reaching complete cyclone condition so as to effectively eliminate the gas "short circuit" phenomenon. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 46 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project l It has introduced a world leading technology ­ wet quenching and scrubbing technology ­ to eliminate acidic gas. In addition, active carbon jetting technology and baghouse filtration can control DLCs under 0.1 TEQng/m3. l Wastewater treatment technology is employed to lower down the hazardous organic substances under PPD figure after neutralizing wastewater. l An auto-feedback system is installed to realize the system control over the whole incineration process, to eliminate the false operation of manual controls, and consequently to improve the safety and reliability of the overall systems. This project will also build necessary analysis and monitoring systems. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 47 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project PCBSWaste Pretreatment Fuel First Stage Kiln Air Flue Gas Slag Noise Safety Landfill Fuel After burner Noise Air T=80OC Heat Exchanger Reclaimed Water Water Venquri Quencher WasteWater NaOH Reclaimed Water AlkaliAbsorption Solution Waste Water Waste Water Treatment COD,Cl ,PCBS NO2 ,pH T=130 C O Active Carbon Carbon Adsorption Dust Bag house Fitration Discharge Noise, Soot, NO2, CO, PCBS Figure 6.2 -1 PCBs Incineration Process Flow & Pollutants Control Points Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 48 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project (3) Technical Indexes: l Flue gasretainslonger than 2 seconds at 12000C; l Tail gas contains residue oxygen greater than 3%; l PCBs destruction removal rate is 99.9999%; l Minimum combustion efficiency is 99.99%. l Tailgascontained minimum HClremoval rate is 99.9%. (The above five indexes are referred to the U.S. Toxic Substances Control Act). l The nitrogen oxides in tail gas emission is lowerthan 200mg/m3(at 11% O2 on a dry air basis). l SO2emission is lower than200 mg/m3(at 11% O2 on a dry air basis). l Total heavy metal emission is lower than1mg/m3(at 11% O2 on a dry air basis). l Particulatematter emission is lowerthan80mg/m3(at11%O2onadryairbasis). l The PCBs content in slag is less than 50mg/kg, the effluent discharged contains PCBs is less than 0.003mg/l (at 11% O2 on a dry air basis). l DLCs in the tail gas is lessthan 0.1TEQng/m3(at 11% O2 on a dry air basis). l CO in flue gas emissions should be less than 80 mg/m3(at11%O2onadryairbasis). l HCl in flue gas emissions should be lessthan70mg/m3(at11%O2onadryairbasis). l HF in flue gas emissions should be less than 70 mg/m3 (at 11% O2 on a dry air basis). l Hg in flue gas emissions should be less than 0.1 mg/m3 (at 11% O2 on a dry air basis). l Cd in flue gas emissions should be less than 0.1 mg/m3(at11%O2onadryairbasis). 6.2.2 The Cutting and Separation of Capacitors and the Loading System (1)The Devices Of Cutting And Separating Capacitors The pretreatment system of this project was originally designed to be a simple device of cutting and separating capacitors. Its treatment process is: Capacitor --? hydraulic cutter --? separating roller --? loading The hydraulic cutter cuts the capacitor into pieces of no more than 100mm, then, after separating metal shells, aluminum fuels and paper in the roller, enters the loading machine and the rotary kiln for incineration disposal. The liquid of PCBs is stored and incinerated separately. Toseparate the metal shells, aluminum, and paper after shredding is to avoid these pieces closed each other and easy to be burned. Solid and fluid will be fed into PCBs incinerator separately. An automatic cylinder in a closed room performs the separation task. In order to improve the incineration conditions and increase the safety and stability of incineration, it is necessary to break up PCBs capacitors into pieces of the size 5-10cm, making incineration more thorough and more stable. In the pretreatment unit, we plan to add a special shredding device and update the collection device for PCBs liquids. (2) Other Shredding Devices for Solid Wastes In addition to PCBs capacitors, the contaminated tools, packages, and small concrete pieces etc. (large pieces of concrete will be decontaminated in the Zhejiang Province) must also be pretreated before entering the kiln for treatment. In the pretreatment unit, we plan to add a shredding device to cutting and shredding such PCBs wastes. (3)The Solid Waste Loading System The loading system of the PCBs incineration line is divided into several stages. The process flow is: Capacitors, fuels and other wastes after being cut and separated--? storage pit--? electric grab bucket--? overhead windrow equalizer--? metric gauge--? closed slideway--? kiln Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 49 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project pusher--? rotary kiln The electric grab bucket raises the wastes to a certain height so that they are able to fall down through the slideway. The overhead windrow equalizer then makes wastes to enter the metrical gauge and the slideway on equal amounts. From shredding, separating, entering the pits, and entering the closed slideway, the wastes are handled in a closed room. A wind-ducting machine pumps the gas in the closed room to the kiln as a combustion-supporting gas. (4) The Feeding System Of The PCBs Fuel See Figure 6.2-2 for the process flow of the feeding system of the PCBs fuel in the incineration. PCBS oil Storage Metering Pressure and Atomized Container Instrument Temperature Device Burner Pump Combustion supporting gas Oxidization Device Control System Figure 6.2 -2 The Process Flow of The Feeding Systemof the PCBs Fuel Barreled PCBs fuel will be poured into the container and pumped to the pressure and temperature device via the metering device. Before entering the atomized burner, PCB fule will be warmed up to reduce the viscosity and increase the fluidity, then to increase the pressure inside the burner to make atomized spray possible. After the burner atomizes the PCBs fuel, the fuel will be sprayed into rotary kiln to ensure that it is burned evenly and fully. The oxidization device provides combustion-supporting gas for the PCBs fuel so as to increase the temperature for a higher destruction rate and combustion rate. The control system controls all the devices in the plant for the best state of operation and the safety and reliability of the system. 6.2.3 Rotary Incinerator and Afterburner (1) Rotary Incinerator The rotary incinerator is applicable to the incineration of solid PCBs wastes, sludge and liquid wastes. The rotary incinerator (also called the main combustion chamber) has a treatment capacity of 625kg/h or so. The rotary incinerator rotates under the control of a speed-variable drive device and the inside of the incinerator is lined with fireproof materials. The length of the incinerator is 12000mm and its outside diameter is 2,200mm, and its wall is made of 16mm-thick steel plates. The inside of the kiln is lined with 300mm fireproof materials. The axis of the incinerator is at an obliquity of 2 degree with the horizontal line, and uses diesel as ancillary fuel. The combustion-supporting system is rotary kiln with a fuel supply of 120kg/h. The retention time of PCBs wastes in the kiln is usually one or a few hours. The rotating Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 50 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project speed can be 0.2-1.0 revolutions/minute. The temperature of the rotating kiln can be 900-1000? , making all the combustibles oxidized. The inertia solid wastes that are not combustible move to the tail of the rotating kiln and come out from the bottom, and the chain conveyor belt will transport them away. (2) The Afterburner The afterburner can make a further incineration of the flue gas so as to make the burned gas meet the destruction rate (99.9999%). In order to ensure that combustible gas and DCLs are completely burned in the afterburner, the outlet temperature of the afterburner should be higher than 1200? , and the retention time of flue gas should be longer than 2S. The afterburner is a cylindricalcontainer lined with fire-resistant materials and with a dimension of 4.5m2×5m. The combustion-supporting system of the afterburner includes an upper burner and a lower burner, with a fuel supply of 100kg/h and 250kg/h respectively, making the temperature inside the kiln meet the designed value. In order to ensure that the secondary combustion chamber works properly, it is necessary to select a proper airflow speed of the flue gas in the kiln, thus keeping a good state of mixture and a long retention time of gas in the kiln. See Table 6.2-1 for the technical performance indexes of the incinerator Table6.2-1 Technical Performance Indexes of the Incinerator Indexes Incinerator temperature Flue gas Combustion Thermal igloss (? ) retention time efficiency of residues Wastes (S) (%) (%) Medical wastes = 850 = 2.0 = 99.99 <5 PCBs = 1200 = 2.0 = 99.9999 <5 6.2.4 Flue gas Treatment System (1) Flue gas Cooling Device A gas-to-gas heat exchanger is used to cool down the flue gases from the 2nd incinerator (afterburner), while heating the gases from alkali absorption from 80oC to 130oC.The cooled afterburner flue gases are further cooled down in two parallel Venturi columns to below 80oC to minimize the PCDD/PCDF reverse reactions. Approximately 25-40 t/h quench water is used. To prevent corrosion at elevated temperatures, titanium is selected as the material of construction. (2)NaOH Absorption Column Within the column, prepared NaOH solution is sprayed to the flue gas to neutralize the chloride ions and de-acidify the flue gas. The flue gas enters from the bottom and the NaOH solution sprays from the top of the column. Titanium materials are used to prevent corrosion. Liquid generated from the reaction is mixed with the washing water and will be treated together. (3)Active Carbon Absorption Tower Cooled, de-acidified flue gas is reheated and then enters the active carbon tower, where a mixture of active carbon and pulverizedlime is used to absorb DLCs and other toxic pollutants. This is the key equipment to control the DLCs in tail gas, which can decrease the DLCs content to below 0.1 TEQ ng/m3. It adopts the solid powder spraying device and uses the reaction device. (4) Baghouse FiltrationUnit And Stack The Baghouse Filtration Unit removes PM, particle active carbon and lime power from the flue gas, making the gas meets the flue gas emission standard. Before entering the baghouse filtration, the temperature of the flue gas must be ensured above the dew point because the power Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 51 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project may condense upon the filter. Purified flue gas is blown by a blower into a stack of 40 m high with a top diameter of 1.2m (shared with the medical wastes incineration line) and discharges into air. 6.2.5 Wastewater Treatment System The wastewater of the PCB incineration line is from the Venturi quencher, the alkali (NaOH) absorption unit, and floor washing, etc. The capacity of the wastewater treatment facility is 60 m3/h (1,440 m3/d). See Figure 6.2-3 for the effluent treatment process. Since the generated wastewater is collected, treated and reused in the PCBs incineration line, there is no wastewater discharge. Therefore, the water environment around the factory site will not be influenced. The temperature of wastewater entering the equalization tank is about 60-70 ? . Polyaluminium chloride will be used as flocculants in the flocculent precipitation process. To ensure the effect of flocculent precipitation, a heat exchanger and cooling columns cool the water down to below 45 ? . The electric infiltration equipment concentrates ions in the wastewater, separating the reclaimed water and concentrated water. The reclaimed water will be fed into the Venturi quencher and alkaline absorption unit. The concentrated water enters the reverse osmosis device, then active carbon absorption unit, and finally the dual-purpose evaporation equipment. The active carbon absorption unit will remove PCBs, DCLs in the wastewater. The dual-purpose evaporator separates salt from steam. The steam will be condensed to water to be reused in the Venturi quencher and alkali absorption unit. The treatment process does not generate new wastewater. Flocculent precipitates from pressured filtration, solid salt from evaporation and replaced reverse osmosis membrane will be fed into the PCBs incinerator. The incineration slag will be sent to hazardous waste landfills if they are identified as hazardous with nationally stipulated hazardous waste identification standards and methods. For those slag are not hazardous wastes, they will be sent to domestic landfills. 6.2.6 Incineration Slag Treatment Slag from the rotary incinerator is taken out by the drag-chain conveyor. After the de-ironing separator removes the iron cinders, the automatic bagging machine bags the slag. Iron cinders are put into iron barrels. Coarse grains of active carbon collected from the bottom of the active carbon absorption tower and the PM and flying ashes from the bag de-duster will be collected and fed into the rotary incinerator. Bags of slag and barrels of metal will be sent to the Shenyang Hazardous waste landfill site for disposal. 6.2.7Monitoring and Control System According to the project plan, the online monitoring unit will be updated. A video monitor system will be installed to monitor the key locations on the incineration line. The incineration system has the following duct pilots: (1) Temperature inside the rotary kiln ­ duct of ignition at different stages of burner. (2) Flue gas temperature at the discharge from the afterburner ­ duct pilots at different stages of burning. (3) Flue gas temperature after quench cooling ­ duct pilots of the washing water. The monitoring and control system uses the PLC control. On the production line there are gauges measuring temperature, pressure, and the flowing quantity of flue gas and water. The above-mentioned indexes can be displayed and recorded on the control panel. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 52 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Waste water (60 m3/h) Equalization Tank 10×6×4 m3 Liquid Pumping Cooling Tower Heat Exchanger Sludge Solid Rotary Kiln Waste Water Tank 8×8×4.5 m3 Dewatering Waste Incinerator Pumping Sludge Steam (33 m3/d ) Mechanical Clarifier Salt Pumping Dual-purpose Evaporation Flocculants Flocculent Precipitation Active Carbon Middle Wastewater Tank Absorption 8×8×4.5 m3 Pumping Pumping Reverse Osmosis Electric Infiltration Pumping Concentrated Waste waterTank Reclaimed Water Tank 8×8×4.5 m3 37.5m3/h go back to 20m3/h go back to Venturi Quencher Alkaline Absorption Unit The total reused water is 57.5 m3/h (1,380 m3/d) Figure 6.2-3 PCBs Waste Effluent Treatment Process Flow Diagram Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 53 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project 6.2.8 Funds for Disposal Equipment The total investment for the disposal equipment amounts to 31.76 million yuan, in which Oil and steam supply system for pre-disposal 2.45 million yuan RMB Incinerator 11.29 million yuan RMB Tail gas disposal system 9.16 million yuan RMB Industrial wastewater disposal system 8.86 million yuan RMB The project plans to further renovate the facility by adding 18.30 million RMB for equipment and storage. 6.3 Medical Wastes Incineration Production Line 6.3.1 Incineration Technology In addition to the PCBs incineration line, the project will built up a medical wastes incineration line to dispose medical wastes of Shenyang. The capacity of the medical wastes incineration production line is 15t/d. The medical incineration line uses a rotary kiln, a vertical afterburner and a residue heat boiler. Mist sprayer quenching, lime power de-acidification, active carbon adsorption, baghouse filtration and other tail gas treatment technologies are used. Compared with other incineration technologies, the incineration line saves energy, costs less, and is more efficient in eliminating poisonous compounds in medical wastes. The semi-dry flue gas processing technology produces no industrial wastewater. The main technical indexes are as follows: (1) Combustion efficiency is greater than 99.99%. (2) The removal rate is greater than 99.9%. (3) Flue gas retains at 8500C for longer than 2 seconds. See Table 6.3-1 for the process flow. 6.3.2 The Medical Wastes Loading System The loading system of medical wastes incineration line is divided into several stages. The process flow is: Storage boxes of medical wastes--? lifter--? loading bed--? metrical gauge--? hydraulic mould rollover unit--? closed slideway--? rotary kiln The lifter raises the wastes to the loading bed at a certain height so that they are able to fall down through the slideway. The metrical gauge weighs the wastes. The hydraulic mould rollover unit pours the wastes in plastic bags from storage boxes into the slideway and then the rotary kiln. From lifting the storage boxes to wastes entering the closed slideway, the wastes are handled in a closed room. A wind-ducting machine pumps the gas in the closed room to the kiln as a combustion-supporting gas. Rotating kiln, vertical afterburner, residue heat boiler, mist sprayer quenching, limestone powder de-acidic, active carbon absorption and baghouse filteration technologies are employed in medical waste disposal facility. There is no wastewater generated from the incineration process because of the adoption of half-dry fume treatment technology. The disposal process is listed as below: (1) The medical wastes are usually staying in the kiln for 20-30 minutes. Frequency alteration velocity adjusting device provides a rotation range from 0.2 to 1 rpm. The rotary kiln is used for heat-decomposition and oxidation of combustible substances, while non-molten metals, Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 54 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project glass, etc are conveyed with the rotation to the tail end of the kiln where they are discharged at the kiln's bottom. (2) Flue gas generated by afterburner is further incinerated to reach a hazardous substance removal rate at 99.99% as specified in relevant regulations. To ensure the complete combustion of combustible gases and DLCs in the afterburner where the discharge temperature is controlled at above 850? , while fumes retains inside afterburner for more than 2 seconds. (3) The flue gas treatment system is consisted of residue heat boiler, mist sprayer quench column, active carbon absorption and baghouse filteration. The residue boiler reduces the fume discharge temperature to below 450? . Then the flue gas are quenched by mist sprayer and the flue gas discharge temperature to below 170? , followed by active carbon absorption stage, in this stage, Lime powderand active carbon are mixed with flue gas to capture acidic gas and DLCs in the fume. The concentration of DLCs can be controlled under 0.5TEQng/m3. At the end of the treatment is the reverse-blow baghouse filteration functioning the collection of dust, particles of active carbon and limestone to meet discharge standards. 6.3.3 Rotary Incinerator The rotary incinerator has a treatment capacity of 625kg/h or so. The wastes are fed from the closed slideway. The rotary incinerator rotates under the control of a speed-variable drive device and the inside of the incinerator is lined with fireproof materials. The length of the incinerator is 6500mm, its outside diameter is 1800mm, and its wall is made of 14mm-thick steel plates. The inside of the kiln is lined with 200mm fireproof materials. The axis of the incinerator is at an obliquity of 2 degree with the horizontal line. The rotary incinerator uses diesel as ancillary fuel. The combustion-supporting system of the rotary kiln incinerator is a kiln burner, with a fuel supply of 55kg/h. The retention time of medical wastes in the kiln is usually 20-30 ms. The rotating speed can be 0.2-1.0 revolutions/minute. The rotary kiln is designed to make all the combustibles thermally decomposed and oxidized. The solid metal and glass wastes that are not combustible are removed at the tail of the rotating kiln. 6.3.4The Afterburner The afterburner can make a further incineration of the flue gas arising from the wastes so as to make the burned gas meet the destruction rate (99.99%). In order to ensure that combustible gas and DCLs are completely burned in the afterburner, the outlet temperature of the afterburner should be higher than 850? , and the retention time of flue gas should be longer than 2S. The afterburner is a cylindric container lined with fire-resistant materials, with a dimension of 4m2×5m. The combustion-supporting system of the afterburner includes an upper burner and a lower burner, with a fuel supply of 100kg/h and 120kg/h respectively, ensuring the temperature inside the kiln meets the designed value. 6.3.5 Flue GasTreatment System (1) Residue Heat Boiler and Mist Sprayer Quenching Device Residue heat boiler is used to cool the high-flue gas down to below 450 ? . At the flue gas outlets of the residue heat boiler there is a water sprayer to quench the flue gas to about 170 ? , minimizing the reverse reactions of PCDD/PCDF. The sprayed water amounts to 3-5 t/h and is completely vaporized. (2) Active Carbon Absorption Tower Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 55 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Cooled flue gas enters the active carbon absorption tower. Within the tower a mixture of active carbon and pulverized lime is exposed to the flue gas. Lime can de -acidify the flue gas and the active carbon can absorb the DLCs and other toxic pollutants in the flue gas. This is the key equipment to control the emission of tail gas, which can decrease the DLCs content to below 0.1 TEQng/m3. It adopts the solid powder spraying device and the reaction device. Medical waste Loading System Flue 1st Incinerator Air Flue gas Slag Flue 2nd Incinerator Noise Safety landfill Air Softened Water Residual Heat Boiler Softened Water Mist Sprayer Dual-Purpose Evaporator (also for Heating System in winter) Active Carbon Carbon Absorption Coarse GrainsCollecting Lime powder Dust/fly ash Bag House Filtration Stack Noise, Soot, NO2, CO 6.3-1 Medical Wastes Incineration Process Flow & Pollutants Control Points Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 56 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project (3) Baghouse Filtrationand Stack The Baghouse filtration removes the PM, tiny active carbon and lime power from the flue gas, making the gas meet the flue gas emission standard. Before entering the baghouse filtration, the temperature of the flue gas must be ensured above the dew point in case the power should condense upon the bag filter. Purified flue gas is blown by a blower into the 40-m-high stack with a top diameter of 1.2ms (shared with PCBs incineration line) and discharged. The rationale for the difference between the designs of the gas cleanup systems for PCBs incineration and medical waste incineration: (i) the use of a "residue heat boiler" in the medical waste incineration system, whereas there is no heat recovery in the PCBs incineration system; (ii) the use of lime powder for the removal of acid gases in the medical waste incineration system whereas the use NaOH (caustic) in the PCBs incineration system; (iii) the heating of gases prior to carbon adsorption in the PCBs incineration system, whereas there is no gas heating in the medical waste incineration system. The medical incinerator allows the use of a residue heat boiler for energy recovery because the concentration of chlorine, and therefore, the corrosiveness levels will be low. In the PCBs incinerator, where the corrosiveness will be high (due to high chlorine content), the residue heat boiler would not be appropriate. The potential for dioxin formation due to residue heat boiler exists, however, dioxin containing in the flue gas will be treated in the active carbon filter of the medical waste incinerator. See figure 6.3.1. 6.3.6 The medical wastewatertreatment system The wastewater comes mainly from the process of washing medical waste containers. The treatment process includes container cleaning pond, wastewater collection pond, chemical precipitation tank, SBR reactor, hypo-chloride generator, deflectoxidation, sludge thickener and bag press filtration, etc. In this process, chemical precipitation tank, SBR reactor and deflect oxidation are major parts to serve the effluent treatment and recycle purposes. Chemical precipitation tank is reactor tank where related physical and chemical reaction happed in it. A SBR Reactor is a biochemicalreactor used to remove organic pollutants of medical wastewater. Deflect Oxidation pond is an oxygenated baffled tank letting medical wastewater added oxidant has plenty settlement reaction time. The process flow is shown in Figure 6.3-2. Note: Medical wastewater treatment system uses a different effluent treatment process from the PCBs incineration system because its wastewater contains pathogen and other medical pollutants that need to be treated under a separate standard (the Medical Wastewater Discharge Standard, 2003). On the other hand, the PCBs wastewater treatment system will handle wastewater potentially contaminated with dioxin, furans and PCBs. Therefore, two separate wastewater treatment systems are installed. Wastewater treated in both wastewater treatment systems is recycled. The mist sprayer on the medical incineration line for flue gas quenching, may occasionally generate wastewater due to its malfunction. This wastewater may contain dioxin and will be fed into the wastewater treatment unit of the PCBs incinerator through an existing fixed drainage pipe. This wastewater stream is not depicted in Figure 6.3-2, however, it is a part of the incinerator line. 6.3.7 Disposal of Incineration Slag and Fly Ash Slag taken out on the chain conveyor from the rotary kiln incinerator is sprayed and bagged Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 57 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project automatically. Coarse grains of active carbon collected from the bottom of active carbon absorption tower along with the PM and fly ash from the baghouse filtration are burned in the rotary kiln incinerator. The medical slag should be taken to dispose in the hazardous waste landfill if they are identified as hazardous with nationally stipulated hazardous waste identification standards and methods. Or they can be taken as domestic waste to be buried in the consumer garbage site. Containers of Medical Waste Containers Cleaning Pond Wastewater Collection pond Media add ? Media add ? Media add ? Chemical Precipitation Tank Sludge Sludge Thickener SBR reactor Hypochloride Slag Generator Deflectoxidatio Bag Press Filtration n Filter Liquid Clean water To first Incinerator Media I means acid or alkali to adjust pH of medical wastewater, Media II means inorganic flocculation such as PAL, Media III means organic flocculation such as PAC. Figure6.3-2 Medical Waste water Treatment Process Flow Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 58 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project 6.3.8 Monitoring and Control System A video monitor system is installed to monitor the key points on the production line. The incineration system has the following duct pilots: (1) Temperature inside the rotary kiln incinerator ­duct of ignition at different stages of burner (2) Flue gas temperature at the discharge from the afterburner ­ duct pilots at different stages of burning. (3) Flue gas temperature after quenching ­ duct pilots of washing water. PLC control is adopted. On the production line there are gauges measuring the temperature, pressure, and the flowing quantity of flue gas and water. The above-mentioned indexes are displayed and recorded on the control panel. 6.4 Plasma Disposal Equipment for Hazardous Wastes Thermal plasma is a partially or completely ionized gas at very high temperature. Thermal plasma is usually generated by electricity (continually or at a high frequency) penetrating gases. The gas absorbs energy, sustains a high temperature, becomes conductive, and conducts electricity. Arc plasma can be generated via almost any kind of gas (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, air etc.). So far the gas widely used is hydrogen, which can be used within a wide pressure scope (from vacuum to 20 atmospheric pressures). The temperature of arc plasma ranges from 1,500? to 70,000 ? . Plasma transformation technology is a newly developed technology for hazardous waste disposal. Comparingwith other incineration technologies, it has distinctive features and can meet higher emission standards. For instance, the DCLs concentration is lower than 0.1 TEQng/m3; the volume of gas generated from the plasma technology is about 20 percent less than from other incineration technology, and thus can greatly reduce the scale of tail gas treatment equipment. The technology also has an advantage in waste reuse. For example , the clean combustible gas generated in the disposal process can be used as a secondary energy source in electricity generation. In addition, the permeability of glass slag produced in the technology meets very high standard, allowing it to be disposed of or reused as non-hazardous solid waste. This makes a technical and economic advantage over the incineration technology, which produces a large quantity of hazardous slag. One disadvantage of the plasma transformation technology is its relatively high once-and-for-all investment. It is expected that with its investment will lower considerably after its popularization and wide application. The plasma transformation technology can also dispose other hazardous wastes. Plasma disposal equipment of wastes includes: pretreatment equipment, vaporizing melting kiln, plasma torch and its power supply, gas purifier, online monitor, and central control system. Public utilities for the plasma system include industrial water disposal equipment, water supply, power supply and heat supply. Plasma reaction kiln discharges high-temperature vapor through residue heat boiler for heat recovery, then the vapor goes through Venturi scrubbing, alkali scrubbing, electric dust removal and enters the incinerator for auxiliarycombustion. Ash and other powdery wastes of the plasma facility will be mixed up with coke to form particles in waste feeder and then fed into vaporizing melting furnace. The wastes are blown into the furnace for gasification and heat decomposition. The lower part of the furnace is high temperature melting zone and high-temp slag are discharged from the bottom. The pretreated PCBs oil is jetted directly in the plasma reactor. The Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 59 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project heat decomposition gases enter plasma reactor, the high temperature combustible gas from the plasma reactor travels through the plasma reactor where the gas temperature is about over 1500? and the retention time is 2s to ensure pollutants are completely destroyed under high temperature generated by plasma torches. Further, the combustible gas will enter the residue heat recycler unit where temperature was lowered to below 1000 ? . The wet gas purification system consists of a Venturi quencher, NaOH counter-reaction and wet electric dust collector. The fume gas from plasma reactor (accounting only for 20% of fumes of general incineration technology) enters the Venturi quencher to be quenched. It further goes through NaOH spray to remove its HCland dust content there. Water drops and dust in the fume are removed in wet electric duct collector where the fume has its temperature at 50? and is converted into clean fuel gas that can be utilized. See Figure 6.4-1 for the process flow for details. The wastewater, about 3 tons/day from the quenching process, will be treated by a to-be-determined effluent treatment facility and recycled to use, so there will have no wastewater discharged. There are online monitoring and control systems to ensure the safety of the whole facility and normal operation. Vaporizing Solid and Semi-solid Wastes Waste Feeder Melting Furnace Plasma Reactor Gas and Liquid Wastes Slag Fuel Gas Gas Turbine Generator Residual Heat Wet Gas Purifier Recycler Steam from Burnt Gas Figure 6.4 -1 Process Flowof Plasma Disposal Technology 6.5 Public Utilities 6.5.1 Water Supply (1)Water Resource The groundwater at the project site is abundant. Hydrographic data show that the output of water in this area is about 70~ 80 tons/hour. Water sources can meet the demands for total amount water used in construction and living of project. The water required for the project will amount to 8347.6 m3/d, among which fresh water 248.6 m3/d and recycling water 8099.0m3/d. The application for the water right was submitted to local land and resources bureau and has been approved. There is no water user within 2 km radius of the project site. Thus the project will have little impact on local water uses. Two wells were drilled 300m away from the primary workshop (one for daily use and the other for backup). The effluent flux of each well can reach 1,500 m3/d. The water is pumped to water treatment room, removed of manganese and iron by manganese sand padding tank and disinfected by dioxide chlorine. Then it enters the supplying reservoir in the plant for production and domestic uses. (2) Water Supply Facilities Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 60 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project The water supply is the ground water. Two wells will be drilled 300m away from the main factory building, one of which being a reserve well. The water output of each single well can reach 1000 m3/d and can meet the demands of the project. A pump drives the ground water into the water processing room and the water-transportation pipes adopt cast-iron feed pipes with a caliber of DN150 buried underground. The processed pure water is stored in the underground cistern (V=1500m3) of the factory can be directly used for production and living purposes. During the water treatment process, manganese and iron are removed from the water and chlorine dioxide generator disinfects the water. The water for boiler and cooling is supplied by abstraction of groundwater from wells, but the groundwater needs softening treatment before use. In this project we use ion-exchange technology to serve water softening. The exchange media, manganese sands are periodically counter-washed and replaced, i.e. counter-washing every 3 months and replacement every 2 years. The water used for the counter-washing is discharged directly for there are no pollutants in it though it is hardened. Water for boilers is treated through the ion exchange process, in which the resin eliminates the calcium and magnesium ions. The processed groundwater can be used for production and living purposes. The replaced manganese sands will be recycled by the supplier. 6.5.2 Power Supply The electricity needed in the project comes from the power supply station of Liangshan, Xinmin. Concrete poles will be set up to transmit electricity overhead. The 10kV power distribution station established at the construction site uses an S10-1250/10 10/0.4 oil-filled transformer. GCS low voltage switchers are adopted. In order to improve the power factor, a 160kvar GCS low-voltage electrostatic capacitor screen. Considering the incineration line and fan allows for no electricity blackout, a 300Kw 0.4 Kv instant starting diesel generator is set up as an emergency power supply. 6.5.3 Heat Supply A boiler house is set up in the factory, with two DZL(W)2-0.7-AII steam boilers, Q=2t/h, P=1.0Mpa. Auxiliary equipment of the boiler includes the blower, induced fan, water softening equipment and heat exchanger. The boiler supplies heat for the steaming and boiling systems and ensures heating in winter. Boilers burn coal. Fuel companies transports the coal by trucks to the coal storage site, where the coal storage should last for 15-20 days. Calorific value of coal is above 13000kJ/kg , ash content is 17~ 24% ,and sulfur content is below 0.5%. Annual the amount of coal is 360t. It apply TD-2 ceramic multi-tube dust catcher, de-dusting efficiency is above 95%. All pollutant parameters achieve discharge standards. It product 120t of ash slag annual, about 15t/day . The boiler has special de-dusting equipment to ensure that released flue gas meets the required standards. All produced PM (max. 853mg/m3) and sulphur dioxide (max. 120mg/m3) will be discharged through a stack of 35m high and its upper diameter is 0.6m. The discharge concentration is in compliance with the standard. The slag of the boilers are stored in the slag storage ground and once reach one truck of transportation amount, the slagof the boilers will be taken as original material are transported to Shenyang colour ground brickyard plant. Boilers produce no wastewater. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 61 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project 6.5.4 Fuel oil supply Combustion supporting diesel used in production line and the diesel used in diesel generator is provided by the fuel oil supply system. The oil supply system is composed of two 50m2 underground reserve oil tanks, one 4m2 unit high oil-level tank, oil pumps, oil delivery pipes and the control system. Oil storage tank is put in underground cement tank, which is waterproof. After delivered by the oil company to the factory, the diesel is discharged into the underground reserve oil tanks. The oil pump and the oil-line pump work together to get the oil into the unit high oil-level tank. Because of difference between liquid levels, the oil flows from the high oil-level tank to the burners and the generator set. The high oil-level tank has a liquid level monitor device, which can automatically control the oil pump and alarms when the oil exceeds the limit. 6.6 Complementary Infrastructure 6.6.1 Gateway Road The initial design for the gateway road is an 8m-wide, 920-m long asphalt road with a 10m-wide stone foundation. A 12m wide drainage ditch bridge of 6m in span-length will be set up at its juncture with the National Road 102. The overall load capacity is designed to be 20 t. The radius of turn from the National Road 102 to the gateway road is around 6m and the radius of turn from the gateway road to the waste transportation driveway is about 8m. The present gateway road cannot handle the heavy-duty carriers of PCBs wastes from, say, Zhejiang Province. According to the project to perfect the disposal equipment, 400 thousand RMB yuan is planned to be invested in the pretreatment unit to improve the gateway road. The road is planned to be extended to 10m wide, with the stone foundation extended to 12m wide. The foundation is to be consolidated to bear 30t heavy-duty carrier. The bridge at the joint with National Road 102 is to be extended to 20m wide in breadth. The radius of turn from the National Road 102 to the gateway road and from the gateway road to the waste transportation driveway is to be widened to 10m respectively. The roads thus improved are sure to bear the PCBs wastes carrier from Zhejiang Province. 6.6.2 Inside Roads The two-way section of the waste transportation driveway is 10m wide and the one-way section is 7m wide, with the radius of turn being 6m. The designed load capacity of the road is 20t. In order to make sure the PCBs wastes carrier from Zhejiang can drive inside the factory, the waste transportation roads need to be consolidated, and the radius of turn needs to be extended to 10m. It is to be made sure that the 30t heavy-duty carrier can drive smoothly on improved roads inside the factory. Other roads inside the factory can meet the driving needs of ordinary carriers, buses and cars. 6.6.3 Living Quarters The general affairs building with an area of 1078m2 is a local three-storied brick-concrete building. The first floor is separated into the dining hall, the multiple-purpose hall, the medical room Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 62 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project and shower rooms for males and females. The dining hall can hold 120 people at the same time. The shower rooms can provide shower for 25 men and 10 women simultaneously (the present shower room lies in an accessory room of the main factory building). The medical room can provide first-aid to injured and sick workers and food-poisoned patients. The multi-purpose hall can be used for large-scale meeting, training, and entertainment. The eastern section of the second floor is the management section, which has 12 offices and 2 conference rooms available. The western section of the second floor and the whole third floor are the living quarters, which has 14 dorms for 48 people to live in. The factory has a basketball field and a volleyball field and provides ground for outdoor sports. 6.6.4 Living Wastewater Disposal and Drainag e Two drainage systems are available: sewage drainage and rainwater drainage. Sewage comes largely from the dinning hall, the shower rooms and toilets. Sewage from dinning hall is treated with oil filtration and goes through excrement treatment before it enters the integrated wastewater processing system along with wastewater from the shower and laundry rooms. After treatment, the water is discharge into the drainage. About 300-400 meters to the west of the site is a canal for flood discharge (Caotun Canal), and the pipeline for discharging sewage will be linked to this canal. The integrated wastewater treatment unit can treat 76m3/d sewage. It employs the A/O biochemical technology. After sewage goes through equalization pond, it will pass anaerobic pond and sedimentation pond to complete anaerobic biochemical treatment process ("A" process). The sewage will then enters biology contacting oxidation pond to complete aerobic biochemical treatment process ("O" process). In order to remove pathogens in the wastewater, chlorine compounds will be added to the wastewater pond. The regulating wastewater pond has a 20m3 capacity. It is estimated that the highest quantity of domestic wastewater amounts to 10-15 m3. The treated sewage will be discharged or used to water plantations. Figure 6.6-1 illustrates the treatment process of the A/O processes. Accidental industrial wastewater discharge and initial rainfall are stored in the drainage pool (V=1500m3) and gradually fed into the industrial effluent disposal system to be treated and reused. Wastewater Chloric compound Equalization Anaerobic Segment Oxidation Wastewater Discharge Pond Pond Pond Pond Reservoir Wind machine Sludge Transport to the Pond outside regularly for treatment Figure6.6-1 Treatment Process Of A/O 6.6.5 Chemical Laboratory and Analyzing Equipment Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 63 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project In the accessory house of the incineration workshop there are three chemical labs. The initial project intends to equip the labs with ordinary analyzing and testing equipment. The labs can conduct established items of sample testing and analysis of industrial wastewater generated during the incineration production line, flue gas, slag and the factory surroundings. See Table 6.6-1 for major testing equipment. Table 6.6-1 Major Lab Testing Instruments Equipment Type Quantity Origin High-efficiency liquid 1 Waters 1 Imported chromatogram meter 2 Atomic adsorption meter AA370MC 1 Domestic 3 Ultraviolet spectrophotometer UV2450 1 Imported 4 Infrared water content analyzer MA100 1 Domestic 5 Element quick analyzer CE440 1 Imported 6 HRGC -ECD 1 Imported According to project plans to perfect the disposal equipment, it is planned that 2.37 million yuan will be invested in the online monitor unit and water feature identification and analyzing unit for the following equipment: (1) Online monitor of CO, O2, CO2, NOx, SO2, HCl, grains, and total hydrocarbon (2) Online monitor of water treatment (3) Monitor and prevention of line failure (4) Analysis of heat values of PCBs wastes (5) Analysis of the non-heavy metal elements in the PCBs wastes(Cl, S, N, P, F etc.) (6) Analysis of heavy metal elements in PCBs wastes (7) Analysis of PCBs content in PCBs wastes (8) Sample collection and pretreatment of PCBs gases The perfection aims to increase the online monitor of the operation of the incineration facilities, especially the tail gas emission, to instantly provide feedback information to the central control unit, and to optimize the working coefficients. The improvement of the identification and analysis of the waste contents, the PCBs contents and related chemical compounds included, can provide data for the formulation of best operating coefficients and ensure that the incineration meet the requirements of the Pact. During the course of sample testing and analysis of industrial wastewater, a little amount of laboratory wastewaters may contain PCBs must be handled. Using the method of sewage treatment for these wastewaters may not be effective, so this project will join laboratory wastewater discharges to the wastewater unit for the PCBs incineration system. 6.7 PCBs Waste Storage Warehouse The PCBs waste storage warehouse is in the main workshop (33 m by 90 m). The warehouse is designed and constructed according to the Pollution Control Standard for the Hazardous Wastes Storage. The warehouse is 30 m by 21 m, occupying an area of 630 m2. The PCBs warehouse is divided into two areas: storage area and discharge area. The floor of the former area is built with cement. The floor of the latter area is covered by steel plate on top of cement. The PCBs wastes will be classified into two categories. The first category is the solid or Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 64 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project semi-solid PCBs wastes. These wastes will take up 360 m2 of the warehouse. The floor of the warehouse has been treated for seepage prevention. The maximum storage time is 30 days. The warehouse is equipped with a crane and an accumulator cart (0.5t). The second category is liquid PCBs wastes, which occupies an area of 54 m2. The wastes will be stored in steel grooves and barrels. Before transportation, the PCBs wastes will be put into steel containers, with four in a stock packed together. All the stocks will be tagged with a sign of hazardous waste. Similarly, the plastic for polluted earth package will be packed together and tagged. Upon arrival at the warehouse, the stocks will be unloaded as a whole. When unpacked, the metal bands, the containers, and the bags will be sent for pretreatment before incineration. The liquid PCBs will be stored plastic bottles. The well-covered bottles will be put into larger metal or plastic bottles (200L). The package shall remain intact during transportation and storage.All the bottles will be sent for pretreatment prior to incineration. For the layout of the warehouse, see Figure 6.7-1 Figure 6.7-1 The Layout Of The Warehouse In the disposal plan, 5.67 million RMB will be raised to construct a well-equipped warehouse to receive the PCBs waste from Zhejiang Province. The new warehouse is a steel structure, covering an area of 2000 m2. The warehouse will equip: l Seepage prevention l Adsorptionprevention l Fire-fighting system l Air purification system l Loading and unloading equipment l Hazardous air monitor and alarm system l Adjacentenvironment protection l Monitor system Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 65 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project l Tools and materials for emergency use The new warehouse will meet all the relevant environmentaland safety requirements. 6.8 Hazardous Wastes Transportation and Slag Landfill All hazardous wastes will be classified and transported to plant. After weighed, they will be sent to the classified warehouse. The hazardous waste truck will be unloaded in the discharge area at the back of the warehouse. All transportation details will meet relevant requirements. The truck drivers will be required to take safety training courses and to learn PCBs properties. They are required to wear hats, gloves (made of special materials), shield, protective glasses, steel-toed shoes, protective clothes and respirator. It should be made sure that the respirator allows the driver to turn his head flexibly. All the vehicles for PCBs transportation will be tagged. And PCBs wastes will be put in metal containers. All staff is required to be equipped with protective and cleansing instruments. In case of leakage, there should be ready diatomite for cleansing. For this purpose, some organic solvent (kerosene) can be used to cleanse the surface of seamless materials. The leaked materials should be put into PE bags, which then go to closed metal containers. The ash from PCBs incineration and medical waste will be damped and then sent to Shenyang Hazardous Waste LandfillPlant. The Shenyang Hazardous Waste Landfill Plant is situated 1 km to the north of Zhi'an Village, Hushitai Township, Xinchengzi District, Shenyang. The US-based E&E Company is the consultant and preliminary designer of this landfill plant. The plant was funded by a loan of US$ 7 million from the World Bank and a commission of 55 million RMB from the Chinese government. The landfill is designed to treat 240,000 ton of hazardous waste annually, with a annual capacity of 200,000-ton waste disposal and 6500-ton landfill leachate treatment capacity. The plant has 10 hectares of land. The landfill pit is 170 by 170 m2. The hazardous waste landfill consists of waste storage, leachate collection, landfill, sealing and monitor. The leachate treatment system consists of storage, hexa-valent reduction, deposition, sedimentation, neutralization, bio-treatment, oil recycling, phenol recycling, sand sieving, and carbon adsorption. The landfill plant has a waste pretreatment workshop, a Central Analysis Lab, and other facilities and vehicles. The pretreatment workshop solidifies the waste that can not be buried directly. The landfill is operated under the Shenyang Solid Waste Disposal Centre. All the wastes are treated and managed by the standards as designed by the E&E Co. The treatment should also be in agreement with the relevant standards as specified by the Chinese government such as the Hazardous Solid Waste Landfill Pollution Control Standard (GB18598-2001). All the measures are to ensure the waste can be disposed safely and harmlessly. The medical wastes should be sent to dispose in the hazardous waste landfill if they are determined as hazardous with nationally stipulated hazardous waste identification standards and methods. Or they can be taken as domestic waste to be buried in the consumer garbage site. 6.9 EnvironmentPollution Analysis ofthe Project 6.9.1 Pollution sources and factors Being a new project, the pollution sources and factors can be referred to Table 6.9-1 Table 6.9-1 Major Contamination Sources And Factors Production Pollution Major Pollution Factors Discharge line Place Air pollutants Wastewater Ways pollutants Noise Solid Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 66 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Flue gas: PCBs, PM, Stage -one KilnHCl, NO2, CO,Heavy Slag Consecutive metals and DCLs Afterburner Blower Consecutive PCBs CODcr, pH, Venturi Incineration column for Cl-, HCl PCBs, SS and Consecutive quenching Heavy metals, DCLs Adsorption column PCBs, DCLs Consecutive Cloth screen PM Consecutive Boiler room Soot, SO2 Slag Consecutive Administrative Institues CODcr,NH3-N,SS Garbage Consecutive Exhaust gas: flue Stage -one Kilngas,(SO2, HCl, NO2, PM, heavy metals and Slag Consecutive Medical DCLs) waste Exhaust gas: flue gas, Incineration Afterburner (SO2, HCl, NO2, Consecutive DCLs Medical waste CODcr, SS, container Consecutive Cleaning Heavy metals Diesel power Exhaust gas(CH, CO) Diesel Consecutive power Gas torch Exhaust gas: (CO2, 40m-high H2O) Stack Staff living CODcr, NH3-N, Garbage Consecutive Plasma SS treatment Plasma instrument Ash Consecutive Production Compressor equipment blower Consecutive pump Note: The plasma facility is only in preparation stage, no project proposal has been prepared, no technology has been selected, no funding has secured, and no definite plan for construction of the plasma facility. Therefore, all information on the plasma facility are guesstimates by Shenyang technical staff with currently available technical data. 6.9.2 Predictions for Pollutant Discharges (1) Construction Period During the construction, there will be some PM because of earth excavation. It will be hard to estimate the amount of PM because it is influenced by factors like site condition, management, mechanization, season, soil quality and weather. This assessment is based on analogy, i.e., analyzing the data from a similar site. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 67 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project l MajorPMSources a. Earthwork and earth piling b. Transportation and piling of constructions materials c. Concrete mixing d. PM on the road l AnalysisofthePMEffectontheEnvironment By analogy, it's predicted that the PM concentration is 0.59 mg/m3, about 1.96 times of Level II (0.30mg/m3) as specified by Environmental Atmosphere Quality Standards (GB3095-1996) (2) Operation Period l AirPollutantsDischargePrediction a. Pollutants from Incineration System Pollutants from incineration system are estimated based on the Sujiatun PCBs incineration line because its tail gas treatment is the same as this project. The Sujiatun PCBs incine ration line was constructed by the Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences in 1994 and stopped operations in 2004. This demonstration project has a burning condition much better than that in Sujiatun because of the installation of an afterburner. In this EIA, the related monitoring and analysis results of the Sujiantun facility are used as reference of pollutants discharge concentration in the flue gas of this demonstration project. The pollutants discharge concentration in the flue gas is: PCBs 1.05mg/m3, soot 6,000 mg/m3, and HCl 6300 mg/m3. The flue gas of this demonstration project amounts to 13,333.0 Nm3/h. The purification system is composed of a quench cooling column, NaOH absorption column, active carbon adsorption column, cloth screen, and a 40-metre-high stack (whose upper diameter is 1.2 m). This system can purify96%, 99% and 99% of the PCBs, soot and HCl, respectively. In case of an accident to the suction blower, the flue gas discharge stack will be put into use immediately and may cause severe pollution to the environment. An analysis shows that the suctionblower may malfunction 2.5 times every ten years. In such a case, the discharged smoke amounts to 2120 Nm3/h. For details, see the table 6.9-2. Table 6.9-2 PCBs incineration system pollutants discharge Pollutants Discharge concentration (mg/m3) Normal discharge Normal Accident Standard rate (kg/h) PCBs 0.042 1.05 -- 5.60×10-4 PM 60 6000 80 0.8 HCl 63 6300 70 0.84 NOX(as NO2) 81 -- 500 1.08 CO 37.5 -- 80 0.50 DLCs 0.1×10-6 2.5×10-6 <0.1 TEQng/m3 -- Note: flue gas, HCl, NOx, CO, DLCs, and PCBs concentration are provided in the Feasibility Study Report. b. Pollutants from Coal-fired Boilers The boilers in this project are used to provide heating for the primary and auxiliary workshops. There are two boilers (Q=2t/h, P=1.0Mpa) installed with a single stackof 35 m high and 0.6 m in the upper diameter. It is calculated that the concentration of PM and SO2 in the flue gas from the stack are 853mg/m3 and 120mg/m3, respectively, and the emission amount will be 3.84kg/h and 0.54kg/h, respectively, under a total amount of 4500 Nm3/h flue gas amount. To Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 68 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project reach the standardfor discharge , the multi-tube ceramic de-duster, which can remove 95% of the PM, will be used. c. Pollution from the Medical Waste Incineration Line Measures will be taken to control toxic and hazardous pollutants such as SO2, HCl, NO2 and DCLs discharged from the kiln of the medical waste incineration. The flue gas amount from the medical incineration line is 13276Nm3/h. The medical waste incineration line uses pyrogenation incineration with high-degree tail gas purification process. For the data after incineration, see the following Table 6.9-3. Table 6.9-3 Predictions on the Medical Waste Incineration Pollution Pollutants Concentration(mg/m3) Normal Discharge Normal Accident Standard Rate(kg/h) SO2 245.9 245900 850 3.26 HCl 69.30 6930 70 0.92 NO2 89.10 -- 500 1.18 PM -- -- -- 0.20 DLCs 0.55×10-6 2.75×10-6 < 0.1TEQng/m3 -- *the diesel is composed of : C 84.41%, H13.98%, O1.57%,, S0.04%, N0.002% . Ash 0.2%, wasted heat 48927kj/kg. proportion: 843.41kg/m3, diesel consumption: 937.51kg/h. The plant has a centralized heating system, whose heat is provided by the steam produced in the medical waste incineration. A residue he at boiler is connected with the kiln. There will be no air pollution from the boiler. d. Pollution from Parking Lots According to the Project, the parking will provide uncovered 20 parking lots. If every car stays here for 6 hours, the concentration of CO, by analogy, will reach 12.35mg/m3, THC 5.31mg/m3. And the tail gas will be CO 2.91t/a, THC 6.78t/a. e. Pollution from DieselGenerators According to the Project, the diesel generators will start to operate automatically in case of a power failure. These diesel generators will consume 6.5kg/h of diesel oil. The predicted results is listed in Table 6.9-4. Table 6.9- 4 DieselGroup Pollutants Predicted Pollutants CO HC NO2 Remarks The annual amount is hard to be predicted Amount(kg/h) 1.71 0.50 2.49 because the diesel works irregularly. The hourly amount is the result of actual test. f. Pollutants from Plasma Gasification Torch The project uses a plasma gasification torch for hazardous waste pyrogenation. When heated to 1,200-1,300? , the macromolecule organic matter of the ignitable gas will be decomposed into simple chemical compounds or elements. Then there will be some pollutants. For the data of flue gas emission see the following Table 6.9-5. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 69 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Table 6.9-5 Estimated Flue Gas Emission from the Plasma Line Pollutants Concentration (mg/m3) Standard HCl 10 70 NO2 50 500 PM 10 80 Hg 0.05 0.1 Pb+Sb+Al+CS+Co+Cu 0.50 4.0 Cd+Ti 0.05 0.1 DCLs <0.10 TEQ ng/m3 0.10 TEQng/m3 l WaterPollutantsPrediction a. Water Balance Analysis The total amount of water needed for the project is 8347.6 t/d, of which fresh water takes up 248.6 t/d, and recycled water 8099.0t/d. In other words, 97.02% of the total water consumption is recycled. There are 76 tons/d domestic sewage discharge and 45.6 t/d cooling water discharge. Water supply-drainage balance is shown in Figure 6.9-1. b. Water Pollutants Discharge Prediction Based on operational information of similar incineration facilities in China, the pollutants concentration in the wastewater is: CODcr<50mg/l; pH 7.9; Cl-3853mg/l; SO4 158mg/l; 2- NO3-N<0.10mg/l; NO2-N<0.003mg/l; Cu<0.01mg/l; Zn0.296mg/l; Pb0.07mg/l; Cd0.010mg/l; PCBs 0.003µ g/l. Because the wastewater treatment units for both incineration facilities are closed systems, they have no wastewater discharge to the environment and thus meet the environmental protection requirements. The domestic wastewater discharge is with concentration COD200mg/l; BOD150mg/l; SS200mg/l. The underground sewage treatment system is designed to treat domestic waste water. The concentration of the pollutants after treatment are: COD= 40mg/l; BOD= 15mg/l; SS= 40mg/l. In the domestic sewage, CODcr is 0.91t/a , SS 0.91t/a, and BOD50.34t/a. There is also 45.6 m3/d cooling water from the medical incineration process. This cooling water will enter rain pond, emergency water pond and used for greening. Because this cooling water will not be contaminated during the cooling process, this water is clean and needs no treatment. l SolidWasteDischargePrediction The solid waste discharge includes slag of incinerators, flue gas from tail gas treatment unit, slag of coal burnt in the boilers and domestic waste. PCBs Incinerator slag is 900t/a, medical incinerated slag870t/a, boiler slag 120t/a, domestic solid waste 29.2t/a. l NoisePollutionPrediction a. Construction Period In this period, the noise mainly comes from the machinery and vehicles. According to data from other existing incineration facilities, the wheel loaders (90dB (A)) and trucks (89dB(A)) and the other machinery can be regarded as noise points, whose sound will dwindle with distance. For the details, see the following Table 6.9-6. Table 6.9-6 Noise Prediction of Equipment in Construction No. Items Noise at Certain Distance dB(A) 1m 2m 5m 10m 20m 40m 50m 1 Truck 89 83 77 71 69 Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 70 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project 2 Concrete Vibrator 90 84 78 72 70 3 Bulldozer 86 80 74 68 66 1413.00m3/d 1380.00m3/d 33.00m3/d(Stream condensation) 60.00m3/d 36.00m3/d(Dissipatewith flue gas) 32.00m3/d (Dissipate with sludge, etc) PCBs Wastewater Flue Gas Purification Treatment Vaporized Salt 1437.00m3/d 33.00m3/d 8.80m 3/d 0.80m3/d Cleaning of Floor, Equipment , etc. 8.00m 3/d 6000.00m3/d 14.40m3/d 14.40m3/d (Dissipate cooling tower) PCBs Incineration System Cooling of Treatment 110.00m3/d 10.00m3/d 5.00m 3/d(Evaporation) 5.00m3/d(Evaporation) Medical Wastewater Cooling of Container 110.00m3/d Treatment 2.40m3/d(Evaporation) 48.00m3/d Entering rain pond, emergency water Cooling of Treatment 45.60m3/d pond and used for greening 192.00m3/d 2.40m 3/d 2.40m 3/d (Evaporation) Residual Heating Boiler Medical Waste Incineration System 384.00m3/d 4.80m 3/d 4.80m3/d (Evaporation) Coal Fired Boiler 95.20m3/d 15.20m3/d(Evaporation) 4.00m 3/d(Evaporation) Used for greening Domestic Water "AO" Underground Treatment or discharge 80.00m3/d 76.00m3/d 5.00m3/d (Evaporation or leakage ) 5.00m 3/d Water for Greening Domestic and Greening Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 71 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Total Fresh water 248.60m3/d Figure6.9-1 Water Supply-Drainage Balance b. Operation Period A survey of similar incineration facilities gives the following findings: blower 75dB(A), suction blower 5dB(A), elevator 81dB(A), centrifugal pump 88dB(A), cooler 75dB(A), diesel 106dB(A);compressor 80dB(A), pump 80dB(A), rotary kiln 81dB(A) and compressor 82dB(A). l PredictedDischargeofDCLs The PCBs incineration will result in a total amount of DCLs 29,986.5 TEQng/h. The purification rate can be over 96% when active carbon adsorption is used. After purification, the concentration of emitted DCLs will be below 0.1TEQng/m3, containing 1,199 TEQng/h DCLs and the PM 28,788 TEQng/h. The dust is to be incinerated in the rotary kiln. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 72 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project 7. Environmental Impact Prediction 7.1 Atmosphere Environmental Impact Prediction 7.1.1 Pollution Phenomena Feature Analysis (1)Climate Characteristics Analysis According to multiple-year data monitored by the Xinmin Meteorology Station, the annual average temperature at Xinmin is 7.70C and annual average wind velocity is 3.9m/s. The prevailing wind is southwestern wind, the secondary wind is northw estern wind, and the dominating wind direction is near to north in winter and near to south in the other seasons. Annual average relative humidity is 62%. Annual average rainfall is 538mm. For other details please see Table 7.1- 1. (2) Ground Surface Wind Direction and Velocity Feature Analysis Tables 7.1-2~ 7.1-6 show summaries of wind stability, average velocity and frequency in four seasons and other wind parameters observed by the Xinmin Meteorology Station in 1999 and 2000. Table 7.1-2 shows that in spring this area has a prevailing SSW-wind direction with 14.38% in frequency, a S-wind direction with 13.06% in frequency, a lowest E-wind direction with 1.67% in frequency. The average velocity of wind in spring is 5.4m/s, the highest one all the season. Table 7.1- 3 shows that this area has a prevailing S-wind direction with 24.13% in frequency, a SSW-wind direction with 18.38% in frequency, and a lowest NE-wind direction with 1.48% in frequency. The average velocity of wind in summer is 3.2m/s, the lowest one in all the season. Table 7.1- 4 shows that in autumn this area has a prevailing S-wind direction with 16.13% , a SSE-wind direction with 12.23% in frequency, and a lowest E-wind direction of 1.48% in frequency. The average velocity of wind in autumn is 3.4m/s. Table 7.1-5 shows that in winter this area has a prevailing NNW-wind direction with 20.30% in frequency, a NW-wind direction with 18.15% in frequency, a lowest E-wind direction with 1.48% in frequency. The average velocity of wind in winter is 3.5m/s. The stable wind is low with only 5% in frequency, among which, the frequency in autumn is higher with 8.5% and lowest with 2.3% in spring. (3)Atmosphere Stability Analysis The degree of air pollution depends upon dilution and diffusion capability, which is directly affected by the cyclone movement in the atmosphere. The more stable the atmosphere is, the weaker the cyclone movement will be. In this assessment we adopted the method recommended in HJ/T2.2-93 to classify the stability into six grades: grade A-extremely unstable; grade B-unstable; grade C-weak unstable; grade D-neutral; grade E-weak stable; grade F-stable. According to Tables 6.1.2-6.1.5 grade D has the highest frequency in all seasons, and the next most frequent grade is grade F. (4)Wind Direction, Velocity Stability Combined Frequency Table 7.1-6 shows that this area has grade D prevailing weather with 42.69% in frequency, and grade F is the next with 23.17% in frequency. In terms of the direction and velocity, unstable weather with NW-wind of 3-4.9m/s velocity occurs most frequently; neutral weather with S-wind and SSE-wind of 3-4.9m/s velocity occur most frequently; stable weather with S-wind with 2-2.9m/s occurs most frequently. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 73 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Table 7.1- 1 Xinmin Meteorology Station Data of the Past Years Month Item Unit Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Average -11.7 -8.3 0.1 9.1 16.7 21.4 24.2 23.1 17.0 9.3 -0.3 -8.3 7.7 Temp Max ? 7.6 13.0 19.0 29.0 34.5 35.3 34.6 35.8 31.5 29.0 19.7 12.8 35.8 Min -31.5 -28.1 -21.4 -10.3 -1.2 6.2 12.4 6.2 -0.1 -8.5 -19.9 -28.6 -31.5 Rainfall Mm 3.7 4.4 11.9 33.1 46.6 71.5 165.6 126.6 73.4 31.9 9.4 4.8 583.0 Ave wind velocity m/s 3.5 3.9 4.6 5.4 4.8 3.9 3.2 2.9 3.1 3.7 3.9 3.4 3.9 Ave relative % 56 51 50 54 55 68 80 80 70 64 61 57 62 humidity Max frozen earth Cm 114 137 136 132 113 -- -- -- -- 10 36 77 137 Ave air pressure Hpa 1023.1 1021.7 1016.7 1010.6 1005.5 1001.9 1000.3 1003.6 1010.5 1016.6 1020.5 1022.1 1012.8 Wind Prevail -- NNW NNW SSW SSW SSW SSW SSW SSW SSW SSW SSW NNW SSW direct Frequency % 13 13 15 20 22 22 23 16 14 15 13 13 16 Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 74 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Table7 .1- 2 Xinmin City Different Stability Grade Wind Direction and Average Velocity Combined Frequencyin Spring (%)(2003) Combined Item/wind direction N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW C frequency Wind direction frequency at grade A 0.07 0.07 0.21 0.14 0.07 0.07 0.14 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.0 1.04 Wind direction frequency at grade B 0.28 0.56 0.49 0.76 0.28 0.56 0.35 0.56 1.04 0.63 0.49 0.28 0.42 0.76 0.69 0.83 0.2 9.17 Wind direction frequency at grade C 0.07 0.42 0.14 0.42 0.07 0.21 0.28 0.83 1.25 1.46 0.21 0.56 0.14 0.76 0.76 0.63 0.0 8.20 Wind direction frequency at grade D 1.74 3.47 0.83 1.11 0.69 0.76 0.90 6.39 7.37 8.62 1.04 1.39 1.81 4.66 4.10 7.99 0.3 53.23 Wind direction frequency at grade E 0.35 0.56 0.21 0.76 0.14 0.21 0.21 2.08 1.67 2.36 0.35 0.49 0.56 0.83 1.11 0.97 0.2 13.06 Wind direction frequency at grade F 0.42 0.83 0.83 0.76 0.49 0.63 0.14 1.32 1.60 1.32 0.69 1.04 0.69 0.69 1.11 1.18 1.5 15.29 Wind direction frequency 2.92 5.91 2.71 3.96 1.67 2.43 1.95 11.19 13.06 14.38 2.78 3.82 3.68 7.78 7.78 11.67 2.3 100.00 Table 7.1- 3 Xinmin City Different Stability Grade Wind Direction and Average Velocity Combined Frequencyin Summer (%)(2003) Combined Item/wind direction N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW C frequency Winddirection frequency at grade A 0.13 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.40 0.13 0.07 0.13 0.27 0.07 0.07 0.20 0.1 2.15 Wind direction frequency at grade B 1.21 0.88 0.54 0.34 0.07 0.20 0.40 0.88 1.82 0.61 0.47 0.27 0.61 0.67 0.88 1.35 0.0 11.18 Wind direction frequency at grade C 0.94 0.47 0.40 0.20 0.07 0.40 1.68 2.49 1.14 0.67 0.20 0.40 0.20 0.67 0.88 0.0 10.84 Wind direction frequency at grade D 1.48 1.41 0.27 1.08 0.47 1.48 3.97 11.65 12.79 4.04 1.41 0.74 0.74 0.81 1.08 2.09 1.4 46.94 Wind direction frequency at grade E 0.47 0.13 0.20 0.13 0.27 0.40 1.62 3.50 1.14 0.94 0.54 0.40 0.27 0.67 0.88 1.1 12.73 Wind direction frequency at grade F 1.08 0.40 0.07 0.07 0.27 1.54 2.42 3.64 1.14 0.54 0.74 0.81 0.27 0.88 1.82 1.5 16.16 Wind direction frequency 5.32 3.50 1.48 1.82 0.94 2.29 6.13 18.38 24.31 8.22 4.31 2.49 3.03 2.29 4.18 7.21 4.1 100.00 Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 75 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Table 7.1- 4 Xinmin City Different Stability Grade Wind Direction and Average Velocity Combined Frequencyin Autumn (%)(2003) Combined Item/wind direction N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW C frequency Wind direction frequency at grade A 0.07 0.27 0.07 0.07 0.13 0.13 0.07 0.13 0.07 0.13 0.2 1.14 Wind direction frequency at grade B 0.27 0.27 0.40 0.40 0.07 0.20 0.13 0.47 0.60 0.07 0.34 0.20 0.34 0.60 0.67 0.74 0.4 6.18 Wind direction frequency at grade C 0.27 0.74 0.07 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.60 1.61 0.74 0.13 0.40 1.14 1.01 0.81 1.01 0.0 8.94 Wind direction frequency at grade D 1.08 1.55 0.47 0.74 0.27 1.28 1.41 5.51 7.80 5.91 1.08 0.40 0.81 2.76 4.03 3.70 1.5 40.32 Wind direction frequency at grade E 1.21 1.08 0.40 0.40 0.07 0.20 0.34 2.55 2.28 0.67 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.87 2.55 1.68 1.1 16.67 Wind direction frequency at grade F 1.21 0.81 0.34 0.20 0.07 0.27 0.87 2.96 3.76 1.61 1.21 1.28 0.94 1.95 2.49 1.61 5.2 26.75 Wind direction frequency 4.10 4.50 1.75 1.88 0.54 2.08 3.02 12.23 16.13 9.01 2.96 2.69 3.97 7.19 10.62 8.87 8.5 100.00 Table 7.1- 5 Xinmin City Different Stability Grade Wind Direction and Average Velocity Combined Frequencyin Winter (%)(2003) Combined Item/wind direction N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW C frequency Wind direction frequency at grade A 0.27 0.07 0.13 0.20 0.27 0.40 0.27 0.34 0.07 0.34 0.07 0.20 0.13 0.81 0.1 3.70 Wind direction frequency at grade B 0.34 0.40 0.34 0.13 0.13 0.07 0.87 0.47 0.54 0.13 0.27 0.34 2.02 3.36 2.08 0.0 11.49 Wind direction frequency at grade C 1.41 1.14 0.27 0.34 0.13 0.54 2.22 2.49 2.55 0.13 0.27 0.47 2.76 7.19 8.40 0.3 30.65 Wind direction frequency at grade D 0.67 0.81 0.47 0.54 0.07 0.13 0.67 1.34 1.21 1.21 0.13 0.34 0.67 3.36 3.70 3.97 0.7 19.96 Wind direction frequency at grade E 1.68 1.41 0.60 0.47 0.07 0.54 1.21 2.49 3.02 1.41 0.67 1.48 1.41 3.56 3.76 5.04 5.4 34.21 Wind direction frequency 4.37 3.83 1.34 1.81 0.27 1.14 2.76 7.33 7.46 6.05 1.14 2.69 2.69 11.90 18.15 20.30 6.5 100.00 Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 76 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Table7.1- 6 Xinmin City Different Stability Grade Wind Direction and Average Velocity Combined FrequencyAll Year Round (%)(2003) Stability Wind velocity segment Combined N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE SS SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW C Grade m/s frequency 0.5-1.4 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.1 1.08 A 1.5-1.9 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.0-2.9 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.5-1.4 0.1 0.05 0.08 0.10 0.03 0.10 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.29 0.2 7.54 1.5-1.9 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.14 0.10 0.08 0.05 0.10 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.14 B 2.0-2.9 0.12 0.10 0.07 0.12 0.03 0.08 0.08 0.12 0.10 0.03 0.10 0.03 0.14 0.10 0.14 3.0-4.9 0.025 0.27 0.17 0.12 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.24 0.64 0.24 0.14 0.10 0.22 0.29 0.34 0.37 0.5-1.4 0.02 0.0 9.88 2.0-2.9 0.12 0.20 0.03 0.12 0.02 0.03 0.10 0.25 0.34 0.12 0.15 0.17 0.29 0.41 0.46 0.37 C 3.0-4.9 0.22 0.27 0.08 0.15 0.02 0.10 0.07 0.63 0.85 0.64 0.12 0.15 0.22 0.42 0.85 0.66 5.0-5.9 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.12 0.27 0.20 0.02 0.03 0.17 0.10 0.12 0.5-1.4 0.14 0.22 0.08 0.29 0.10 0.32 0.34 0.24 0.53 0.24 0.19 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.17 0.17 0.9 42.69 1.5-1.9 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.17 0.19 0.14 0.36 0.10 0.14 0.10 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.19 2.0-2.9 0.20 0.20 0.08 0.15 0.15 0.31 0.34 0.81 0.75 0.29 0.15 0.19 0.12 0.19 0.27 0.25 D 3.0-4.9 0.54 0.47 0.12 0.29 0.05 0.10 0.61 2.56 2.78 1.54 0.20 0.15 0.29 0.68 1.39 1.80 5.0-4.9 0.22 0.34 0.03 0.02 0.12 1.14 1.46 0.95 0.12 0.03 0.12 0.53 0.92 1.10 >=6.0 0.22 0.56 0.05 0.02 0.12 1.56 1.75 2.14 0.12 0.12 0.19 1.20 1.29 2.02 0.5-1.4 0.15 0.17 0.12 0.20 0.03 0.14 0.14 0.17 0.10 0.15 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.20 0.8 15.63 1.5-1.9 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.02 0.08 0.19 0.19 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.14 0.05 E 2.0-2.9 0.19 0.12 0.07 0.10 0.03 0.07 0.15 0.39 0.56 0.31 0.14 0.22 0.24 0.25 0.44 0.56 3.0-4.9 0.24 0.31 0.08 0.05 0.02 0.03 1.15 1.32 0.81 0.08 0.07 0.15 0.92 0.39 1.07 0.5-1.4 0.73 0.46 0.39 0.27 0.14 0.27 0.39 0.64 0.64 0.31 0.36 0.46 0.39 0.37 0.63 1.02 3.4 23.17 F 1.5-1.9 0.07 0.12 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.07 0.42 0.47 0.20 0.12 0.12 0.20 0.17 0.24 0.51 2.0-2.9 0.31 0.29 0.07 0.07 0.02 0.08 0.24 1.24 1.90 0.86 0.31 0.56 0.37 1.08 1.20 0.90 Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 77 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project (5) Daily Atmosphere Monitoring Data Analysis An atmosphere environmental quality monitoring was conducted from Apr 24-26, 2002. The monitoring results show that, based on the weather data and meteorological chart for 5 days before and after the monitoring dates, Liaoning Province was under high pressure control and the equivalent lines and flow fields were flat. The wind was weak and atmosphere diffusion was in an intermediate condition. Under such circumstances it will be easy to form a short-distance pollution if the concentration of atmospheric pollutants is high. However the wind became stronger on the 26th morning and NW-wind turned into S-side wind. In addition, the 26th had a highest temperature of 25.70C. The atmosphere diffusion was strengthening so that it did not form a pollution phenomenon. The data of atmospheric pressure, temperature for Apr il 24-26 provided by Xinmin Meteorology Station are shown in Table 7.1- 7. Table7.1- 7 Atmosphere Monitor Day Pressure and Temperature Records Pressure (Hpa) Temperature(? ) Date Average Max Min Average Max Min 24 1015.0 1017.7 1012.4 11.4 17.9 4.2 25 1009.7 1016.2 1010.0 13.2 20.1 5.4 26 1012.1 1014.3 1006.0 15.8 25.7 6.6 7.1.2 Atmosphere Environmental Impact Prediction (1) Prediction Factors Determination According to engineering analysis and relevant standards PCBs and HCl are determined as major prediction factors. (2)Prediction Contents (i) In an unfavorable weather condition downwind axial concentration and max ground concentration and distance when discharging PCBs and HCl (including normal discharge and emergency discharge). (ii) In an unfavorable weather condition hourly average concentration contribution at all concerned points when discharging PCBs and HCl (incl. Normal discharge and emergency discharge). (iii) Under the meteorological conditions on calculation date (i.e. Atmosphere Monitor Day) daily average concentration contribution at all concerned points when normally discharging PCBs and HCl. (iv) Under the meteorological conditions on calculation date daily concentration distribution when discharging PCBs and HCl. (3) Prediction Model Selection Owing to the flat landscape at the assessing area the prediction model is mainly selected from HJ/T2.2-93 while referring to the research results of Shenyang region for years to adjust the model when necessary. The specific description of the model is as follows: (i) Point source diffusion model with wind presence When wind velocity U10 equal to or greater than 1.5m/s the following model can be chosen: Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 78 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project C = (2 Q )exp- (2 Y 2) F U y z 2y in which: C---ground concentration, mg/m3; Q---discharge per second, mg/s; Y---vertical distance between monitoring point and axel of average wind direction through the discharge outlet, m; s ? ---horizontal transverse diffusion parameter vertical to average wind direction, m; s ? ---vertical diffusion parameter, m; U---average wind velocity at discharge outlet, m/s; U10---average wind velocity 10m above ground level, m/s. +k F = x=-k exp- (2nh- He)2 2 2z + exp- (2nh+ He)2 2z 2 in which: h---combined thickness, m; He---effective height of discharge outlet, m. He = H + ? H H---geometrical height of discharge outlet from ground, m; ? H---flue gas rising altitude, m, formula can be chosen from the recommended formula in HJ/T2.2-93 "Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guidance". Diffusion parameters s ands can be placed in the following equations: ? ? y = 1X1 z = 2X 2 in which: a ---transverse diffusion parameter regression index; 1 a ---vertical diffusion parameter regression index; 2 ? ---transverse diffusion parameter regression coefficient; 1 ? --verticaldiffusion parameter regression coefficient; 2 X---horizontal distance to downwind discharge outlet, m? When calculating the downwind axial concentration at discharge outlet make Y=0 and k=0, so the above formula changed to the following form: C = Q He 2 2Ux y exp- 2 2x The formula below is use to calculate max ground concentration Cm(mg/m3) and distance to discharge outlet Xm(m) when carrying out once-sampling at downwind point: Cm(xm )= 2Q e U He P1 2 in which: Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 79 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project P1 = 212 -1 2 1 1 Xm 1 2 1-1 1 1 1+ 2 +12 1 He 2e2 1 2 -1 2 = 2 2 He1 2 1+ 2 - Symbols have the same definitions as above. (ii) Weak wind and zero wind point source model When wind velocity U10= 0.5m/s or U10<0.5m/s, the following formula can be selected: CL(X,Y )= 2Q ·G (2 )32 022 ? and G are obtained via equation below: 2 = X + Y2 + 2 012 2 02 2 He f (s)can be picked up via S on math manual, ? 01.? 02 are transverse and vertical diffusion parameter regression coefficient respectively(s ? =s =? x 01 , T s =? z 02T ), T is diffusion time(s), values of ? 01.? 02 refer to (HJ/T 2.2-93) Appendix B. T = X/U, in second, other symbols have the same definitions as before. (iii) Daily average concentration model in which: C---daily average concentrationmg/m3; Ci---average concentration of ith hour, mg/m3; n---number of hours. (4) Major parameters selection in the model (i) Diffusion parameter selection A. Diffusion parameter with wind presence determination: Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 80 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project The evaluated region is in town area so that the diffusion parameter is determined in the following method: remain grade A and B unchanged, make grade C as grade B; grade D as grade C; Grade E as grade D; grade F as grade E. And use the Tables 3 and 4 in HJ/T2.2-93 Appendix B to get the figures. B.The parameter less than zero wind diffusion determination: It can be obtained from HJ/T 2.2-93 Appendix B Table 6. (ii) Meteorological parameter determination: A. Hourly average concentration Grades A, B, C, D, E and F are selected for winter season, 1.5m/s unfavorable wind velocity, at grade C 2.0m/s unfavorable wind velocity is chosen. B. Daily average concentration Atmosphere Monitor Day's data regarding wind velocity, wind direction and sunbeam lighting cloud layer are used for calculation and in accordance with HJ/T 2.2-93 method the stability grades and mixture layer altitudes are obtained and summarized into computer codes table, see Table 6-21. In this table, wind direction1, 2......, 16, 0 stand for N, NNE, ...... , NNW and zero wind respectively; stability grades A, B,......F are presented in 1, 2......, 6. See Table 7.1- 8 for details. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 81 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Table 7.1- 8 Xinmin Meteorology Station Daily Monitoring Data for Atmosphere Apr. 24 Apr. 25 Apr. 26 Time wind wind stability mixture layer wind wind stability mixture layer wind wind stability mixture layer direction velocity grades altitudes direction velocity grades altitudes direction velocity grades altitude 1 15 4.0 6 142 12 1.0 6 71 8 1.7 6 92 2 15 4.3 6 147 13 2.0 6 100 8 2.3 6 107 3 14 3.7 6 136 14 2.3 6 107 9 2.3 6 107 4 13 3.3 6 129 13 1.3 6 81 8 2.3 6 107 5 14 3.7 6 136 14 2.7 6 116 8 1.7 6 92 6 13 2.3 5 255 0 0.3 5 92 8 2.7 5 276 7 15 2.3 5 255 0 0.3 5 92 7 5.0 5 376 8 15 2.3 5 255 15 2.7 5 276 9 4.0 5 336 9 1 2.3 5 255 15 1.0 5 168 8 2.7 4 526 10 0 0.3 2 185 15 1.0 2 615 9 3.0 3 1261 11 15 2.0 3 841 15 3.3 3 1387 10 3.3 3 1387 12 15 2.3 2 1415 15 5.7 2 3507 12 3.7 2 2276 13 15 3.3 4 643 15 2.7 2 1661 10 5.3 2 3261 14 12 3.3 4 643 15 4.3 3 1808 10 6.3 4 1169 15 14 3.3 4 643 13 2.7 5 276 9 8.3 4 1169 16 15 5.7 4 1110 15 3.3 5 305 9 8.0 4 1169 17 16 3.3 4 643 16 1.7 5 219 10 8.3 4 1169 18 14 4.0 4 779 16 2.3 5 255 10 8.0 4 1169 19 15 2.3 6 107 0 0.3 6 39 9 5.7 5 401 20 15 1.3 6 81 0 0.3 6 39 9 5.7 5 401 21 12 2.0 6 100 0 0.3 6 39 7 5.0 6 158 22 13 2.3 6 107 11 1.3 6 81 8 4.2 6 145 23 12 13 6 81 0 0.3 6 39 7 3.8 6 138 24 12 1.7 6 92 9 1.7 6 92 8 2.7 6 116 Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 82 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project (iii) Concerned points selection Table7.1- 9 Concerned Points Location Coordinates Location Coordinates Downwind Concerned points S E Function region Direction Distance No. Name m m m 1 Zhaojia Village 9770 8010 NNE 2084 Rural residential area 2 Xiaozhu Village 13600 6500 SW 2326 Rural residential area 3 Gujia Village 9200 5250 NW 3218 Rural residential area 4 Xinmin city 9450 15350 ENE 8113 Urban residential are a Note: Pollution source coordinates(11500, 7500) (iv) Flue gas rise formula selection A. In the windy, neutral and unstable conditions the flue gas rise altitude ? H can be used; a. When Qh = 2100 kj/kg, and ? T = 35K, ? H = noQh Hn2U-1 n1 Qh= 0.35PaQv? T/Ts ? T = TS-Ta in the above: no---flue gas heat condition and ground surface condition; n1---flue gas heat release rate index; n2---discharge outlet height index; (no, n1, n3 are selected from HJ/T 2.2-93 Tables); Qh---flue gas heat release rate, kj/s; H---geometrical height of discharge outlet to ground level, m, if morethan240m, make H=240m; Pa---atmosphere pressure, hpa; Qv---actual flue gas discharge rate, Nm3/s; ? T---temperature difference between outlet and ambient, K; Ts---outlet temp, K; Ta---ambient temp, K; U---average wind velocity at outlet, m/s; C? ---flue gas average set pressure specific heat, normal C? = 1.38 kj/Nm3k ; b. When 1700 kj/s < Qh < 2100 kj/s Vg---outlet discharge rate, m/s; D---outlet pipe diameter, m; Other parameters have the same definitions as before. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 83 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project c. When Qh= 1700kj/s or ? T< 35K, B. In windy, stable conditions, it is recommended to use the following formula to calculate flue gas rise altitude? H(m). in which: dTa/dz---atomsphere temperature gradient over outlet geometrical altitude , K/m; C.in weak wind and zero wind conditions, it is recommended to use following formula to calculate flue gas rise altitude? H(m). parameters are the same as before, but dTa/dz value should not be less than 0.01K/m? (v) Pollution source parameters determination The assessed area are divided into 23×18 grates with 1000×1000m for each so as to locate the pollution source in coordinates,and the discharge data are summarized in Table 7.1- 10. Table7.1- 10 Atmosphere Pollution Source Parameters Coordinates Stack Amount Pollutants Inner Waste Pollution S E Height discharge Diameter temp gas Source Pollutants Discharge m m m M ? Nm3/h kg/h PCBs 5.60×10-4 PCBs system HCl Normal 1.76 Medical waste 120 26609 PM 1.00 system NO2 2.26 11500 7500 40 1.2 PCBs 2.226×10-3 PCBs system 2120 HCl 84 Emergency 120 Medical waste HCl 2110 92 system SO2 0.54 Boiler system Normal 11500 7550 35 0.6 150 4500 PM 3.84 Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 84 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project (5) Prediction results The above prediction models are converted into computer programs. After relevant parameters are input into the computer programs, the following results are generated: (i) In normal and emergency discharge and unfavorable weather conditions, downwind axial concentration, max ground concentration and distance of PCBs, HCl, SO2 and NO2 are listed in Tables 7.1- 11~ 7.1- 14. (ii) In normal and emergency discharge of PCBs and HCl and unfavorable weather conditions, the hourly average concentration contribution at all concerned points is shown in Table 7.1- 15. (iii) In normal discharge of PCBs, HCl, SO2 and PM conditions, daily average concentration contribution is shown in Table 7.1- 16. (iv) In normal discharge of PCBs and HCl conditions, daily average concentration distribution in terms of extreme values selected is illustrated in Fig 7.1- 1~ 7.1- 4. Table 7.1- 11 PCBs Axial Concentration under the NormalCondition Unit: µ g/Nm3 Downwind distance A B C D E F (m) 100 0.0005 0.0040 0 200 0.0065 0.0061 0.0004 0 300 0.0054 0.0054 0.0025 0.0009 400 0.0034 0.0044 0.0039 0.0025 500 0.0022 0.0034 0.0042 0.0038 0 600 0.0013 0.0027 0.0039 0.0044 0.0001 0 700 0.0008 0.0022 0.0034 0.0045 0.0003 0.0001 800 0.0006 0.0018 0.0030 0.0043 0.0006 0.0003 900 0.0004 0.0015 0.0026 0.0040 0.0009 0.0005 1000 0.0003 0.0012 0.0023 0.0037 0.0011 0.0008 1100 0.0002 0.0010 0.0020 0.0034 0.0014 0.0010 1200 0.0002 0.0009 0.0018 0.0032 0.0016 0.0011 1300 0.0001 0.0008 0.0016 0.0029 0.0017 0.0012 1400 0.0001 0.0007 0.0014 0.0026 0.0019 0.0014 1500 0.0001 0.0004 0.0013 0.0024 0.0019 0.0014 2000 0 0.0003 0.0008 0.0016 0.0020 0.0017 2500 0.0002 0.0005 0.0012 0.0017 0.0017 3000 0.0001 0.0004 0.0009 0.0015 0.0016 Max distance(m) 2.5 0.0061 480 680 1769 2247 Max concentration 0.0066 0.0042 0.0045 0.0020 0.0017 Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 85 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Table 7.1- 12a HCl AxialConcentration under theNormal Condition of PCBs and Medical Waste System Unit: µ g/Nm3 Downwind distance A B C D E F (m) 100 0.0006 0 0 0 200 0.0165 0.0084 0.0062 0.0007 300 0.0155 0.0159 0.0114 0.0068 0 400 0.0104 0.0154 0.0109 0.0124 0.0001 0 500 0.0068 0.0128 0.0091 0.0141 0.0005 0 600 0.041 0.0103 0.0072 0.0137 0.0014 0 700 0.0027 0.0082 0.0058 0.0125 0.0027 0.0002 800 0.0018 0.0066 0.0047 0.0111 0.0039 0.0005 900 0.0013 0.0054 0.0038 0.0097 0.0049 0.0010 1000 0.0009 0.0045 0.0032 0.0085 0.0057 0.0016 1100 0.0007 0.0038 0.0027 0.0076 0.0060 0.0020 1200 0.0005 0.0033 0.0023 0.0067 0.0062 0.0024 1300 0.0004 0.0028 0.0020 0.0060 0.0062 0.0028 1400 0.0003 0.0025 0.0017 0.0054 0.0062 0.0031 1500 0.0003 0.0022 0.0015 0.0048 0.0061 0.0034 2000 0.0001 0.0013 0.0009 0.0030 0.0054 0.0043 2500 0.0001 0.0008 0.0006 0.0021 0.0046 0.0045 3000 0 0.0006 0.0004 0.0015 0.0039 0.0044 Max distance(m) 233 332 328 519 1330 2535 Max concentration 0.0175 0.0162 0.0116 0.0142 0.0062 0.0045 Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 86 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Table7.1- 12b SO2Axial Concentration of Boiler Emission Unit: mg/Nm3 Downwind distance A B C D E F (m) 100 0.0147 0.0023 0.0017 0 200 0.0610 0.0518 0.0369 0.0138 0 300 0.0422 0.0566 0.0401 0.0433 0.0002 400 0.0252 0.0448 0.0316 0.0514 0.0029 0 500 0.0156 0.0340 0.0240 0.0478 0.0086 0.0005 600 0.0093 0.0257 0.0182 0.0414 0.0150 0.0021 700 0.0060 0.0199 0.0140 0.0350 0.0199 0.0048 800 0.0040 0.0157 0.0111 0.0296 0.0230 0.0082 900 0.0028 0.0127 0.0089 0.0252 0.0246 0.0117 1000 0.0021 0.0104 0.0073 0.0216 0.0250 0.0147 1100 0.0016 0.0087 0.0062 0.0188 0.0244 0.0162 1200 0.0012 0.0074 0.0052 0.0164 0.0236 0.0172 1300 0.0010 0.0064 0.0045 0.0145 0.0227 0.0180 1400 0.0008 0.0056 0.0039 0.0128 0.0217 0.0185 1500 0.0006 0.0049 0.0034 0.0115 0.0207 0.0188 2000 0.0003 0.0028 0.0020 0.0071 0.0162 0.0185 2500 0.0001 0.0018 0.0013 0.0048 0.0129 0.0161 3000 0.0001 0.0013 0.0009 0.0035 0.0105 0.0150 Max distance(m) 15 256 255 401 1001 1655 Max concentration 0.0816 0.0590 0.0419 0.0514 0.0250 0.0190 Table7.1- 12c NO2 Axial Concentration under the NormalCondition of PCBs and Medical Waste System Unit: mg/Nm3 Downwind distance A B C D E F (m) 100 0.0008 0 0 0 200 0.0212 0.0107 0.0080 0.0009 300 0.0199 0.0204 0.0147 0.0087 400 0.0134 0.0197 0.0140 0.0159 0 500 0.0087 0.0165 0.0116 0.0181 0.0001 600 0.0053 0.0132 0.0093 0.0176 0.0006 0 700 0.0034 0.0106 0.0074 0.0160 0.0018 0.0002 800 0.0023 0.0085 0.0060 0.0142 0.0050 0.0006 900 0.0016 0.0070 0.0049 0.0125 0.0063 0.0012 1000 0.0012 0.0058 0.0041 0.0110 0.0073 0.0020 1100 0.0009 0.0049 0.0034 0.0097 0.0077 0.0026 1200 0.0007 0.0042 0.0029 0.0086 0.0079 0.0031 1300 0.0006 0.0036 0.0025 0.0077 0.0080 0.0036 1400 0.0004 0.0031 0.0022 0.0069 0.0080 0.0040 1500 0.0004 0.0028 0.0019 0.0062 0.0079 0.0043 2000 0.0002 0.0016 0.0011 0.0039 0.0070 0.0055 2500 0.0001 0.0010 0.0007 0.0027 0.0059 0.0058 3000 0 0.0007 0.0005 0.0020 0.0050 0.0056 Max distance(m) 233 332 328 519 1330 2535 Max concentration 0.0225 0.0209 0.0149 0.0182 0.0080 0.0058 Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 87 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Table 7.1- 13 PCBs Axial Concentration under the Emergency Condition Unit:µ g/Nm3 Downwind distance A B C D E F (m) 100 0.0044 0.0004 0 0 200 0.0305 0.0220 0.0030 0.0004 300 0.0229 0.0282 0.0138 0.0058 0 400 0.0141 0.0236 0.0189 0.0140 0.0001 0 500 0.0088 0.0184 0.0188 0.0189 0.0006 0.0002 600 0.0053 0.0141 0.0169 0.0205 0.0017 0.0007 700 0.0034 0.0110 0.0147 0.0202 0.0034 0.0019 800 0.0023 0.0088 0.0126 0.0190 0.0053 0.0034 900 0.0016 0.0071 0.0109 0.0175 0.0069 0.0051 1000 0.0012 0.0059 0.0094 0.0160 0.0083 0.0067 1100 0.0009 0.0049 0.0082 0.0146 0.0092 0.0075 1200 0.0007 0.0042 0.0072 0.0133 0.0099 0.0082 1300 0.0005 0.0036 0.0064 0.0121 0.0104 0.0086 1400 0.0004 0.0031 0.0057 0.0110 0.0106 0.0090 1500 0.0004 0.0028 0.0051 0.0101 0.0106 0.0092 2000 0.0002 0.0016 0.0032 0.0067 0.0097 0.0094 2500 0.0001 0.0010 0.0022 0.0049 0.0081 0.0087 3000 0 0.0007 0.0016 0.0037 0.0069 0.0079 Max distance(m) 199 280 443 626 1495 1782 Max concentration 0.0305 0.0284 0.0193 0.0206 0.0107 0.0095 Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 88 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Table7.1- 14a HClAxial Concentration under the Emergency Condition of PCBs System Unit: mg/Nm3 Downwind distance A B C D E F (m) 100 0.167 0.017 0.012 0 200 1.150 0.830 0.583 0.143 0 0 300 0.863 1.063 0.745 0.652 0.003 0 400 0.167 0.890 0.623 0.890 0.039 0 500 0.531 0.694 0.486 0.886 0.135 0.006 600 0.334 0.534 0.374 0.796 0.252 0.0028 700 0.201 0.416 0.292 0.690 0.353 0.071 800 0.128 0.331 0.232 0.593 0.422 0.129 900 0.087 0.268 0.188 0.510 0.462 0.193 1000 0.061 0.221 0.155 0.441 0.479 0.252 1100 0.045 0.186 0.130 0.385 0.472 0.283 1200 0.034 0.158 0.111 0.299 0.460 0.307 1300 0.026 0.136 0.095 0.266 0.445 0.326 1400 0.021 0.119 0.083 0.239 0.429 0.339 1500 0.017 0.104 0.073 0.149 0.411 0.348 2000 0.014 0.060 0.042 0.101 0.328 0.354 2500 0.006 0.039 0.027 0.074 0.263 0.329 3000 0.003 0.027 0.019 0.065 0.215 0.297 Max distance(m) 199 280 279 443 1054 1784 Max concentration 1.151 1.072 0.752 0.907 0.481 0.358 Table7.1- 14b HCl Axial Concentration under the Emergency Condition of Medical Waste System Unit: mg/Nm3 Downwind distance A B C D E F (m) 100 0.183 0.018 0.013 0 200 1.260 0.909 0.639 0.157 0 300 0.945 1.164 0.816 0.714 0.003 400 0.582 0.974 0.682 0.975 0.043 0 500 0.365 0.760 0.532 0.970 0.148 0.007 600 0.220 0.585 0.409 0.872 0.277 0.031 700 0.141 0.456 0.319 0.756 0.387 0.078 800 0.095 0.363 0.254 0.649 0.463 0.142 900 0.067 0.294 0.206 0.558 0.506 0.212 1000 0.049 0.242 0.169 0.482 0.524 0.277 1100 0.037 0.203 0.142 0.421 0.517 0.310 1200 0.029 0.173 0.121 0.370 0.504 0.337 1300 0.023 0.149 0.104 0.328 0.488 0.357 1400 0.018 0.130 0.091 0.292 0.470 0.372 1500 0.015 0.114 0.080 0.261 0.451 0.382 2000 0.006 0.066 0.046 0.163 0.359 0.388 2500 0.003 0.043 0.030 0.111 0.288 0.361 3000 0.002 0.030 0.021 0.081 0.235 0.326 Max distance(m) 199 311 279 443 1054 1783 Max concentration 1.260 1.043 0.823 0.993 0.527 0.392 Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 89 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Table 7.1- 15a Hourly Average Concentration to Every Concerned Points of Ambient Atmosphere Pollutants Emission Unit: µ g/Nm3,mg/Nm3 Downwind Concerned points Stabilitygrades Discharge Pollutants distance standard No. point m A B C D E F 1 Zhaojia Village 1804 0 0.0005 0.0010 0.0019 0.0020 0.0016 2 Xiaozhu Village 2326 0 0.0003 0.0006 0.0013 0.0020 0.0017 0.50 PCBs 3 Gujia Village 3218 0 0.0002 0.0003 0.0008 0.0013 0.0014 µ g/m3 4 Xinmin city 8113 0 0 0 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 1 Zhaojia Village 1804 0.00039 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.005 0.002 2 Xiaozhu Village 2326 0.00018 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.003 0.05 HCl Normal 3 Gujia Village 3218 0.00007 0.00021 0.00261 0.001 0.003 0.003 mg/m3 4 Xinmin city 8113 0.00002 0.00021 0.00132 0.00301 0.001 0.002 1 Zhaojia Village 1790 0 0.003 0.002 0.008 0.016 0.015 2 Xiaozhu Village 2348 0 0.002 0.001 0.005 0.013 0.015 0.5 SO2 3 Gujia Village 3258 0 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.009 0.013 mg/m3 4 Xinmin city 8065 0 0 0 0.001 0.003 0.005 Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 90 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Table7.1- 15b Hourly Average Concentration to Every Concerned Points of Ambient Atmosphere Pollutants Emission Unit: µ g/Nm3,mg/Nm3 Downwind Concerned points Stability grades Discharge Pollutants distance Standard No. point m A B C D E F 1 Zhaojia Village 1804 0.0003 0.0021 0.0039 0.0080 0.0101 0.0093 2 Xiaozhu Village 2326 0.0001 0.0012 0.0025 0.0055 0.0087 0.0089 0.50 PCBs 3 Gujia Village 3218 0 0.0006 0.0014 0.0034 0.0065 0.0074 µ g/m3 4 Xinmin city 8113 0 0 0.0006 0.0011 0.0023 0.0032 1 Zhaojia Village 1804 0.008 0.073 0.051 0.176 0.334 0.304 PCBs system 2 Xiaozhu Village 2326 0.004 0.045 0.031 0.115 0.269 0.300 0.05 Emergency HCl 3 Gujia Village 3218 0.001 0.024 0.017 0.065 0.191 0.260 mg/m3 4 Xinmin city 8113 0.01325 0.004 0.003 0.013 0.058 0.109 1 Zhaojia Village 1804 0.009 0.080 0.056 0.193 0.366 0.333 Medical system 2 Xiaozhu Village 2326 0.004 0.049 0.034 0.125 0.95 0.329 0.05 HCl 3 Gujia Village 3218 0.002 0.026 0.018 0.071 0.210 0.285 mg/m3 4 Xinmin city 8113 0.002 0.004 0.003 0.014 0.063 0.120 Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 91 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Table7.1- 16 Daily Average Concentration Contribution to Every Concerned Point of Normal Pollutants Discharge Unit: mg/Nm3 Concerned point Calculation date 1 2 3 4 Pollutants Standard (2001) Zhaojia Xiaozhu Gujia Xinmin city Village Village Village Apr. 24 0 0 0 0 PCBs Apr. 25 0.02×10-3 0.01×10-3 0 0 0.17×10-3 Apr. 26 0.03×10-3 0 0.08×10-3 0 Apr. 24 0.002 0.001 0 0.002 HCl Apr. 25 0.055 0.034 0 0 0.015 Apr. 26 0.085 0 5.51×10-3 0.001 Apr. 24 0.004 0.002 0 0.004 SO2 Apr. 25 0.125 0.074 0 0 0.15 Apr. 26 0.155 0 0.530 0.002 Apr. 24 0.001 0.001 0 0 PM Apr. 25 0.049 0.030 0 0 0.3 Apr. 26 0.070 0 0.170 0.001 Apr. 24 0.002 0.001 0.001 0 NO2 Apr. 25 0.001 0.001 0.002 0 0.12 Apr. 26 0.003 0.003 0.001 0 (6) Environmental Impact Analysis And Assessment (i) PCBs environmental impact analysis and assessment A. As Table 7.1-11 shows, normal PCBs discharge under unfavorable weather conditions the ground max concentration occurs at stability grade A with a concentration of only 0.0066µ g/Nm3, which is only a small fraction (1.32%) of the standard value 0.5µ g/Nm3. The concentrations at other grades are also much lower then standard requirements. B. According to Table 7.1-13, emergency discharge of PCBs under unfavorable weather conditions reaches the highest ground concentration at grade A, with a value of 0.0305µ g/Nm3 and about 61% of standard value. Although this value meets the standard it is higher than normal discharge value (0.0239µ g/Nm3). C. From Table 7.1-15, all normal PCBs discharge concentration contributions are far less than the required standard limits at all concerned points, among which the highest is 0.0020µ g/Nm3 (Zhaojia Village and Xiaozhu Village). When emergency discharge occurs, all contributions are rising tremendously and their highest concentration reaches 0.0101µ g/Nm3 at Zhaojia Village concerned point, even though it is still lower than required standardlimits. D. According to Table 7.1-16, normal PCBs discharge associated with the three calculation dates conditions, the daily average concentration contributions are much less than the required 0.15µ g/Nm3 standard limits. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 92 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project E. Figure 7.1-1 demonstrates the maximum ground concentration on April 24 was about 0.334×10-3µ g/Nm3 under normal discharge of PCBs, which is much lower than the required standard limit. Figure 7.1 -1 Max Ground ConcentrationOf PCBs Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 93 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project In conclusion, the discharge of PCBs will basically have no adverse impact on the residential areas surrounding the project site. However, the emergency discharge shall significantly increase the impacts to a large extent, though its discharges are still within the specified standardlimits. (ii) HCl environmental impact analysis and assessment A. According to Table 7.1-12a, normal discharge of HCl under unfavorable weather conditions reaches a maximum ground concentration at grade A ­ 0.0175µ g/Nm3,about 35% of standard value (0.05mg/Nm3). Other grade concentrations are much less than standard values. B. According to Table 7.1-12b, the maximum ground concentrations of boiler-discharged SO2 at different grades are all below standard limits. C. According to Table 7.1-14a, emergency discharge of HCl from the PCBs incineration line under unfavorable weather conditionsreaches its highest ground concentration at grade A at 1.51mg/Nm3, higher than the specified standard limit by 22 times, other grade concentrations are above the standard limits by 6 to 20 times. D. According to Table 7.1-14b, the maximum value of emergency discharge of HCl from medical waste system is 24 times of the standard limits, even its minimum value is about 7 times of the standard limit. E. According to Table 7.1-15, all normal HCl discharge concentration contributions are far less than the required standard limits at all concerned points. When emergency discharge from the PCBs and medical waste incineration systems, the contributions value under grades B, C, D, E and F in 4 concerned points (e.g. Zhaojia village concerned point) is higher than the standard value, but the concentration of SO2 from boiler discharge is lower than required standard limits. The daily average concentration contributions of normal PCBs discharge under the three calculation dates' conditions are much lower than the 0.15µ g/Nm3 standard limit. F. According to Table 7.1-16, the daily average concentration contribution values of HCl, SO2 and PM normal discharge under unfavorable weather conditions at all concerned points are much lower than standard values. (iii) SO2environmental impact analysis and assessment According to Table 7.1-12b and Figure 7.1-3, the maximum ground values of SO2 axial concentration under the normalcondition of boiler are all lower than standard values. (iv) NO2 environmental impact analysis and assessment According to Table 7.1-12c, the maximum ground values of NO2 axial concentration under the normal condition of the PCBs and medical waste incineration systems are all lower then standard values. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 94 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Figure 7.1-2 Max Daily AverageConcentrationof HCl Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 95 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Figure 7.1-3 Max Daily AverageConcentrationof SO2 Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 96 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Figue 7.1-4 Max Daily Average Concentrationof NO2 Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 97 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project According to Figures 7.1-2 to 7.1-5, the maximum daily ground average concentration of HCl, SO2, NOX and PCBs under the normal discharge are only 17.5µ g/Nm3 , 81.6µ g/Nm3, 22.5µ g/Nm3, 0.0305 µ g/Nm3 respectively. All these concentrations are much lower than standard values. In conclusion, the normal discharge s of PCBs, HCl, SO2 and NO2 impose no significant impacts on the residential areas around the project site. However, emergency discharge of these pollutants will significantly impact all concerned spots and may harm trees surrounding the project site. Therefore it is vital to prevent any accident from happening, or should it occur actions would be take n promptly to minimize the hazards. 7.2 Water Environmental Impact Analysis 7.2.1 Project Effluent Discharge Impact on Surface Water Analysis The domestic wastewater will be treated and the cooling water will be used for greening or discharge into the drainage ditch. The ditch is 8m wide and 1.5m deep. During the rain period the treated sewage will flow through the ditch southwards while evaporating and seeping; in other periods it is possible that the sewage moving downstream 40km to join in the Raoyang River. Other wise the water amount is quite a small number. And there is a pool (1500m3) constructed to store initial rainwater and emergency wastewater, which will be tested to meet required standard limits prior to discharge. In general this project's wastewater discharge will have no impact on Raoyang River. 7.2.2 Analysis of Impact on Ground Water The process area and process structures are constructed with anti-seeping, leakage-proof and corrosion proof materials so as to prevent wastewater seeping or leaking. In terms of the geological structure of the site , there is a 2.8-10.5m layer of powdery soil, which has a small permeating coefficient so that it possesses a certain blocking capability. Therefore the project's impact on ground water is insignific ant. The sewage discharge will be largely evaporated in the drainage ditch and any contents in the sewage will be degraded gradually with the presence of oxygen so that the sewage discharge will have insignificant environmental impact on ground water. 7.3 Solid Wastes Environmental Impact Analysis The solid wastes are mainly combusted slag, which is stored and regularly shipped to the Shenyang Industrial Hazardous Waste Landfill. Active carbon wastes will be sent back to the incinerator for re-burning, thus the project has no leakage point for solid wastes and will have no significant impact on environment in terms of solid wastes. The Shenyang Industrial Hazardous Waste Landfill is located about 1 km north of Zhi'an Village, Xinchengzi District of Sheyang city. Related project consultation, preliminary designing were completed by E&E (ecosystem and environment) Company of America and supported by a construction loan US$ 7,000,000 from the World Bank, and a 55,000,000 RMB domestic matching fund. The project site has a total area of 10 hectares, among which, the landfill area are about 170×170m2 with different functional units, e.g., waste storage, layer, filtration liquid collection, operation, covering and surveillance. The landfill has a total capacity of 240,000 ton and can process 20,000 ton/year waste. The collected leachate amounts to 6,500 ton/year. The landfill's waste and leachate collection system includes storage, Cr+6 restoration, sediment, neutralization, biological treatment, oil recycling, phenol recycling, sand filtration and carbon adsorption, etc. The landfill also has a pretreatment workshop, a central analysis Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 98 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project laboratory, public utilities and transportation equipment. A pretreatment workshop treats those wastes that cannot be directly disposed in the landfill. The pretreatment workshop uses stabilization/solidification technology. The landfill is administrated by the Shenyang Industrial Solid Waste Disposal Center. All of its technique and operational parameters have met the requirements of its preliminary design by American E&E company and of China's existing technological standards and regulations. Therefore, the landfill is capable of disposing hazardous wastes safely and harmlessly. 7.4 Analysis of Noise Environmental Impact 7.4.1 Construction Period During the construction period of the project, the noise resource primarily come from construction machines, for example concrete mixers, air pressers and hammer machines. The intensity of sources from them is 89~ 105dB(A). 7.4.2 Operation Period 7.4.2.1Prediction model ? Integration model of noise intensity grade The chose model for equipments noise intensity grade integration is as follows: n L = 10log( 10 Li / 10 ) i=1 in which: L -- integrated noise grade, dB; Li -- noise grade from some source, dB; N -- numbers of noise source? ? Declining model of noise intensity grade from source Declining model of noise intensity grade from source chose is as follows: Lr =LO- 20log r- ?L ro in which: Lr -- noise intensity grade in r distance, dB; Lo -- noise intensity grade in ro distance, dB; ? L --Declining value of fencing things, dB(A) (predicted value during construction period is 8.0 dB(A))? 7.4.2.2 Noise prediction of plant boundary ? Prediction result of construction period According to the integration from different machines noise and declining calculation from the noise sources to plant boundary, and then integrate with background value, the final noise value shows in table 7.4- 1. According to table 7.4- 1, the noises at plant boundaries both during daytime and nighttime meet the requirements stipulated in the Industrial and Enterprises Noise Standard at Plant Boundary (Category III), i.e. 65dB(A) in daytime and 55dB(A) in nighttime. There are no noise-sensitive spots around this project site, and thus noise values at plant boundary meet the standard limits. Because the nearest residential area is over 2km away from the project site, it can be assured that residents will not be significantly influenced by noises from the project site. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 99 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Table7.4- 1 Prediction Result of Construction Period Unit: dB(A) Content Daytime Position Final value Background value East of plant boundary 61 43.2 South of plant boundary 63 50.0 West of plant boundary 62 45.8 North of plant boundary 63 45.5 (GB12348- 93) category III 65 Industrial and Enterprises Noise 90 Health Standard (trial scheme) The noise value from air-blowers, wind-drawer and diesel oil power generator, etc. are not so high and can be reduced to below 85 dB(A) through effective control measures. The controlled noises can meet the standard limits stipulated in the Industrial and Enterprises Noise Health Standard (Trial Implementation). Therefore, these noises will not significantly influence workers in the plant. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 100 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project 8. Analysis of Alternatives 8.1 Main Factors Considered for Selecting Treatment Technology 8.1.1 Current Situation of PCBs Pollution in China Current situation of PCBs pollution in China is: l Mainly in PCBs electric capacitors, also include PCBs contaminated tools, packing materials, storing materials and soil; l Manycapacitors havebeen damagedandcausedseriousPCBspollution; l It is difficult to verify quantityofdifferent kind of PCBpollutants; l Therearemanytypes ofPCBscontaminatedpollutants,which requiredifferent types of treatment techniques; l PCBspollutionissevereand demandsimmediate treatment. 8.1.2 Non-IncinerationTechnologies in China A non-incineration treatment technology often has clear and specific treatment targets, and thus is not suitable for the treatment of mixed types of PCBs pollutants. Therefore, for PCBs capacitors and PCBs polluted soil, it will be difficult to find a single non-incineration treatment technology. The non-incineration technologies are newly developed in China, and thus China has little experiences on the operations of these technologies. Chinese technicians still need some time to understand these technologies and apply them in PCBs waste treatment successfully. In practice, non-incineration technologies are often used together with other treatment technologies, especially incineration technology to reduce the volume of wastes. Other disadvantages of non-incineration technologies are that these technologies demand large investment and incur high treatment cost. Considering current situations in China, these technologies are also not economically suitable for the treatment of PCBs capacitor and PCBs contaminatedsoil at the same time. 8.1.3 PCBs Waste Treatment Facilities in China China has gained some experience in PCBs waste treatment technology. As of 2004, there is only one PCB waste treatment facility in Shenyang. The technology and technical processes adopted in this facility have been tested through its operation. The technical measurements on secondary pollution controlare close to the control target required by the Stockholm Convention. Chinese government agencies and related research institutions have conducted research and invested in PCBs waste treatment technologies. This provides a good preparation for the implementation of the Stockholm Convention and the demonstration project. Therefore, it is reasonable to believe that this demonstration project can be successfully completed. 8.1.4 Investment Scale and Treatment Costs The selection of treatment technology is highly related to the investment scale and treatment cost of a technology. The investment scale and treatment cost, at a great extent, will determine whether the demonstration project will be success or not, as well as whether the select technology will be adopted in other parts of China. If the technology is feasible and the treatment results are reliable, one of the project's important targets, to execute the project demonstration with least fund investment and treatment expenses, then can be achieved. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 101 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project 8.1.5 Time Requested to AchieveTreatment Capability According to the project plan, by the second half of 2006, high concentration PCBs wastes from Zhejiang Province will have to be treated. About one year after the operation, the PCBs pollutant treatment capability should be achieved. Based on current situation in China, it will be totally impossible to develop such kind of treatment capability with another treatment technology to meet such a treatment schedule. 8.2 Principles to Sele ct Chinese PCBs Waste Treatment Technology According to the requirements of the Stockholm Convection and current PCBs pollution situation in China, the following principles are used to select PCBs waste treatment technology demonstrated in China: l Meetto therequirement ofStockholmConvention; l High treatment effectiveness,safetyandreliability; l Nosecondarypollution; l With good acceptability, suit to the characteristic of different types of PCBs pollutants in China; l Low treatment cost with good economic result; l Technology is ripe and reliable; l Meet the schedule ofChina'sPCBstreatmentplan. 8.3 Evaluation of Alternative PCBs Treatment Technologies 8.3.1 Incineration Technology High temperature incineration technology meets the requirements of international pollution control standards. The incineration technology has been used all over the world, with rather mature design and adequate operational experiences. At the same time, the incineration technology has clear superiority than non-incineration technology such as alkali base electrolysis deduction treatment, and gas phase chemical deduction treatment. In addition, the costs of this technology are at middle range and thus can be accepted by China. The Chinese government has developed a complete set of technical standards and discharge standards on incineration. These standards will be key to the management and operation of incineration practices. In addition, Chinese technicians have accumulated plenty of experience on the design and operation of incineration equipment. Therefore, the high temperature incineration technology should be selected as a key technology for Chinese PCBs waste treatment. The implementation of the demonstration project and China's commitment to fulfilling the Stockholm Convention will help China develop a rather complete sets of PCBs treatment technologies. High temperature incineration technology will still be a key technology, while plasma and other treatment technology serve as supplement technologies. Combined treatment technologies then can be used. During the treatment of high concentration PCBs pollutants, more than 90% of the pollutants are in solid and half solid status and contain less than 3% PCBs. The treatment of the solid and half solid PCBs pollutants with rotary kiln high temperature incineration technology can meet the requirement of the Stockholm Convention with relatively low treatment cost. 8.3.2 Evaluation ofPlasma Transmission Technology The plasma transmission technology is a new technology with evident characteristics. The technology can reach higher discharge standard than the incineration technology does. For example, the technology will reach a DCLs concentration less than 0.01 TEQng/Nm3. Its flue gas Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 102 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project will be less than 20% of the incineration technology at the same scale. It will greatly reduce the scale of flue gas treatment equipment. The technology is also resource saving. For example, the clean fuel gas formed in the treatment process can be recovered and used as fuel to generate electricity. In addition, the slag of this technology can be treated or recycle d as normal solid waste. In contrast, incineration technology will produce large quantity of kiln slag that must be treated as hazardous waste. The disadvantage of plasma technology is its demand for high level of initial investment. The investment requirement for this technology will decrease greatly if the technology can be widely adopted. The plasma transmission technique can also be used to treat other hazardous wastes. In addition, the plasma treatment system can treat fly ash that containing DCLs, active carbon with DCLs, and other pollutants generated from the incineration system. In summary, this technology can treat high concentration PCBs pollutants treatment, and its treatment has a better environmentalperformance than the incineration technology. 8.3.3 Investment and Treatment Cost The following table shows investment and treatment cost of PCBs wastes with the incineration technology and the plasma technology. Table 8.3-1 Investment and Treatment Cost of PCBs Treatment technology Total investment (ten thousand yuan Treatment cost(ten thousand RMB) for a scale of 15 ton/day Yuan RMB/ton) High temperature 4747 2.0 incineration Plasma 8500 2.5 The above comparison shows that the one time investment for plasma technology almost doubles that of the incineration technology. In addition, the treatment cost of plasma technology is also higher than that of incineration obviously. 8.3.4 Conclusion Plasma technology is a rather new treatment technology that needs to be further understood and accepted in China. Because China have conducted some trial experiments and practices of incineration treatment technology for PCBs pollutants, China has accumulated experiences in this technology. Considering all factors discussed above, the high temperature incineration technology are selected as the key technology for PCBs waste treatment in China. Considering that the advantages of plasma in the disposal of PCBs oil, DCLs and other hazardous wastes, plasma technology can be selected as the complementary of incineration technology. 8.4 Alternative Schemes for High Concentration PCBs Disposal 8.4.1Alternative Schemes for PCBs Wastes Disposal There are three alternative schemes of high concentration PCBs disposal: (1) modifying and renovating an existing disposal facility in Zhejiang, and disposing PCBs wastes in Zhejiang; (2) Sending PCBs wastes to Western European countries for disposal; and (3) renovating existing facilities in Shenyang, and disposing Zhejiang PCBs wastes in Shenyang. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 103 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project 8.4.2 Modification and Renovation of a Zhejiang Facility The Hangzhou Dadi Co. has an incineration system in the urban area. The system is designed to dispose general industrial wastes (not PCBs wastes) with a capacity of 24 tons per day. According to the State Technical Requirements for Hazardous Wastes Incineration Disposal, this facility is too close to highly populated residential area. This incineration facility will be dismantled. The Hangzhou Dadi Company has developed a plan to disassemble the facility. In addition, even though the state plans to construct two PCBs incineration facilities (one in Shenyang and the other in Zhejiang), the incineration facility in Zhejiang may not come on line unless enough PCBs wastes are found to justify its construction. Based on the experience of the Shenyang PCBs incineration facility, the total cost of construct a new incinerator in Zhejiang to satisfy the requirement of this demonstration project will amount to US$ 7.7 million. The transportation and disposal costs (include operating and maintenance) will be US$ 2,900 per ton (RMB? 23,925, transportation are within the province). Take 2000 tons of PCBs wastes as the basis, the disposal expense will be about US$ 5.8 million (RMB? 47.85 million). Therefore the total investment will be US$ 13.5 million. 8.4.3 PCBs Wastes Sent toWestern European Countries for Disposal The disposal cost is about US$ 2,500/ton (include operating and maintenance) in Western European facilities, while the sea transportation and insurance costs will be about US$ 1,000/ton. The total cost then will be US$ 3,500/ton (RMB? 28,875/ton). If 2,000 tons of PCBs wastes transported and disposed abroad, the total cost will amount to US$ 7 million (RMB? 57.75 million). (Note: This figure has yet to include inland transportation costs within China.) In addition, there will be a dreary process for EU countries to grant permission to accept any POPs pollutants from China. Not to mention there will be complicated formalities to go through for such transportations and disposals. Moreover, there is a risk of PCBs exposure to the marine environment in the course of transportation. 8.4.4 Improving Shenyang Facility and Transporting Wastes to Shenyang for Disposal The cost for renovating the Shenyang Facility to dispose high concentration PCBs wastes will be about US$ 1.65 million (RMB? 13.613 million). The cost is mainly for the construction of a PCB storage warehouse and the purchase of analysis system. Relevant estimates are listed in Table 8.4-1: Table 8.4-1 Facility Improvement Investment Estimation Storage system Analysis system Total Cost (RMB? ×104) 11,962,500 1,650,000 13,612,500 Cost (US$) 1,450,000 200,000 1,650,000 The disposal cost at this facility will be US$ 2,540 (RMB? 21,000) /ton (include operating and maintenance expenses) based on operational experiences of the existing PCBs incineration facility. The unit transportation cost will be US$ 756 (RMB? 6,250) /ton. Thus, the total unit cost will be US$ 3,296(RMB? 27,250)/ton. For the 2000 tons PCBs wastes to be treated, the total cost will be US$ 6.592 million (RMB? 54.384 million). According to the schedule of the PCBs Management and Disposal Demonstration Project, the disposal demonstration project will last for three years. The corresponding investment plan is as follows. In the first year, an investment for facility improvement will be US$ 1.65 million. In the second year, the total cost of the disposal of 1000 tons PCB wastes (include Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 104 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project operating and maintenance) will be US$ 2,540(RMB? 21,000) /ton ×1000 tons =US$ 3.296 million (RMB? 27.192 million). The total transportation cost will be US$ 756 (RMB? 6,250) /ton×1000 tons= US$0.756 million (RMB? 6.25 million). The third year, the total cost of the disposal of 1000 tons PCB wastes (include operating and maintenance) will be US$ 3.296 million (RMB? 33.442 million). Total project investment for total 2000 tons PCBs waste will be US$ 8.242 million (RMB ? 68 million). There are risks associated with the inland transportation of PCBs wastes from Zhejiang to Shenyang. The experiences of such transportation can be summarized and introduced to other facilities. By doing so, future risks related to inland transportation will be minimized. The Shenyang facility has conducted reasonable economic analysis and good preparation work. In addition, the Shenyang facility project has been listed on the National Plan for the Construction of Hazardous and Medical Waste Treatment Facilities. Its EIA report has been approved. 8.4.5 Comparison and Analysis on above Alternative Scheme The disposal costs of 2000 ton PCBs are shown in Table 8.4-2. Table 8.4-2 2000 Tons of PCBs Disposal Alternative Scheme Comparison Alternative Scheme 1.Disposal in Zhejiang 2.Overseas Disposal 3. Disposal in Shenyang Total new investment 7,700,000 * -- 1,650,000 USD Disposal expense USD 5,800,000 5,000,000 5,080,000 Transportation cost USD -- 2,000,000 1,512,000 Subtotal, Disposal & 13,500,000 7,000,000 6,592,000 Freight USD Total incremental costs 13,500,000 7,000,000 8,242,000 Inland Transport Risks No No Yes Overseas transport risks No Yes No Disposal demo features Yes No Yes Domestic transport demo No No Yes features Inland transport expense and risk during project High High Low spreading Overseas transport expense and risk during No Yes No project spreading Policy adaptability Worse Bad Good Comprehensive demo Fine Worse Good effect Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 105 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project * Estimated based on the actual costs of the construction of the Shenyang PCBs incineration facilities. As shown in the Table, the disposal and the transportation costs for Alternative (1) are the highest one, almost 40-50% higher than the rest two options. Therefore, Alternative (1) is not a good option for the implementation of this demonstration project. For the remaining two alternatives, the total incremental costs for Alternative (3) is about 15% more expensive than Alternative (2). However, the disposal and transportation cost for Alternative (3) will be lowered down greatly when the facility receives PCBs wastes from other parts of China. As noted earlier, it will be a time consuming and dreary process for China to get permission to transport and dispose of PCBs wastes in other countries. Moreover, there will be a risk of PCBs exposure to the marine environment in the course of transportation. In addition to dispose of the 2,000 MT PCBs from Zhejiang Province, Alternative (3) will serve the demonstration purpose of PCBs waste transportation and disposal in China and will accept national PCBs wastes after the completion of this demonstration project. Therefore, Alternative (3), disposal of high concentration PCBs wastes in Shenyang, is the best option. 8.5 Evaluation of Alternative Sites in Shenyang The basic condition for site selection of the incineration technology is as same as the plasma technology. It means that the site should be far than 1000 meters from residential area and to the leeward of the guide wind direction. Local residents have understood and accepted the project construction. Geological condition is stable and not easy to take place earthquake and flood. Communication is convenient with main transport line near the site. Electric supply that can meet the need should be convenient to link. Water resource can meet the engineering requirement and the living water drainage is also with good situation. In the preliminary selection, three sites were selected. Because the conditions of the first two are not completely suitable, the factory site of Gujia Forestry center in Xinmin City was finally selected. (1)The site at Wenchaniu Village, Xinglongpu Town, Xinmin City The site is on a dry farming land on the Liaohe River Plain. Arable land surrounds the site. The site has good electricity supply, water supply and transportation condition. After consultation with local governments many times, both Xinmin City Government and Xinglongpu Town Government expressed their support. The site planning and the EIA were completed. However, while the geological survey of the site continued, many villagers blocked the site and stopped the survey. Even though local governments tried to resolve the dispute, they failed to persuade local farmers to support this project. Because of local villagers' objection, this site was not selected at the end. (2) The site at Jiancaogou, Hongwuyue Township, Faku County This site is on a hilly area, surrounded by hills on three sides. The north of the site is an area where arable land is being returned to forestland. Except that this site has limited water supply, the other conditions basically meet the requirements of the project construction. Two geological surveys conclude that groundwater supply cannot meet water demands of the demonstration project. Because of the water source problem, this site was not selected. (3)The site at Gujia Forestry Center, Xinmin City It is an alluvial plain washed by the sand dunes of the Liuhe River with no arable land in the surroundings. This area has abundant groundwater. This site meets all construction requirements of the demonstration project. After reaching an agreement with the Xinmin City Government, the Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 106 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project forestry center and the employees of the forestry station, the demonstration project finally selected the Gujia Forestry Working Area Site of Xinmin City. This site is part of the state-owned forestry area and can meet all of the above-mentioned conditions. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 107 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project 9. Environmental Management Plan 9.1 Pollution Reduction Plan 9.1.1 Atmosphere Pollution Prevention and Control Measures (1) Measures to prevent and control pollution during construction period The main environmental impacts during the construction period are fugitive dust and vehicle emission. Control measures include: (i) The construction site will be fenced up during the construction to reduce dust; (ii) The construction ground will be maintained with a certain amount of moisture; construction materials such as cement, sand and gravelwill be stored in sheds; (iii) Construction vehicles will be asked not to use neutral gear to decrease the chances of idling, to optimize transport routes, and to maintain certain driving speed to minimize vehicle emission; (iv) Construction vehicles will try to avoid residential areas or other sensitive areas to reduce impact related to vehicle emission. (2) Measures to prevent and control pollution from the PCBs incineration line (i) Rotary kiln is chosen to dispose PCBs below 1000? to achieve heat decomposition and oxidation. Afterburner's temperature is controlled at 1200? with 2 seconds retention time to allow PCBs further decomposition. Airflow, temperature and inputting locations will be controlled to allow PCBs wastes to be adequate combusted. The temperature must be measured and controlled at 1200? . The major indicator of adequate combustion is CO concentration. The ideal value of CO concentration is below 60mg/m3. (ii) Reduce the duration of flue gas at 300-5000C to avoid the produce of DCLs. (iii) NaOH solution is sprayed to the flue gas to neutralize chloride ions and de-acidify the flue gas. Liquid generated from the reaction is mixed with the washing water and will be treated together. (3) Measures to prevent and control pollution from medical wastes collection and transportation Medical wastes will be sealed during collection and transportation. Marked with distinct signs, transportation vehicles will be disinfected strictly after delivery of medical wastes. The uploading and downloading of medical wastes will be handled with great care. Dumping of the waste is prohibited. The stored medical wastes will be dumped directly into the incinerators to avoid secondary pollution during storage. (4) Measures to prevent and control flue gas pollution from the medical waste incineration line This project uses a half-dry tail gas treatment technology to control flue gas pollution. Lime milk will be sprayed onto flue gas. CaO in the lime will react with toxic substances. Slag will form, drop down to the bottom of the lime spray column, and then be discharged. Dust collector separates flue gas and active carbon. Active carbon then will be discharged from the bottom of the collector and sent to incinerator to burn. The flue gas will meet the Hazardous Waste Gas Incineration Pollution Control Standard (GB14848-2001) before being discharged into the environment. The outlet temperature of the afterburner should be higher than 850? , and the retention time for flue gas should be longer than 2S. (5) Measures to prevent and control boiler pollution The heating boiler will adopt low sulphur and flue gas cleaning coal and multi-pipe ceramic dust cleaner. The dust removal rate will be above 95%. All discharged PM (853mg/m3) and Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 108 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project sulphur dioxide (120mg/m3) will be in compliance with the standard. (6) Measures to prevent and control pollution from the proposed plasma facility Plasma reaction kiln discharges the vapor through residue heat boiler used for heat recovery. The vapor then goes through Venturi quenching, alkali scrubbing, and electric PM removal process. The vapor will be conveyed into the incinerator to assist combustion. In addition, maintenance and management of the facility will be strengthened to avoid uncontrolled fugitive emission caused by leakage and evaporation. (7) Measuresto prevent and control pollution from uncovered parking lots Management will be strengthened. A full-time staff will be assigned to dispatch vehicles to avoid vehicle idling and thus to minimize vehicle emission. (8) Measures to prevent and control pollution from diesel generators This project uses power generators fueled by diesel. Diesel generators will produce CH, NO2 and SO2 emission. Emission will be controlled to meet emission standard. In particular, emission will be discharge d through a 15m tall stack. As diesel generators are emergency power generator s, their operation time will be unpredictable but will be less than 2 days. Therefore, their impacts on the environmental will be insignificant. (9) Measures to prevent and control air pollution in waste storage warehouses No treatment measure has been taken in PCBs or medical wastes storage warehouses. Once these warehouse are in use, blowers will create a minus pressure to transfer waste gas to incinerators to avoid emission and to assist the combustion process. 9.1.2 Waste Water Pollution Prevention and Control Measures (1) Measures to prevent and control wastewater pollution (i) The wastewater treatment system on the PCBs incineration line The wastewater treatment system on the PCBs incineration line processes wastewater from the Venturi column, the NaOH adsorption column, wastewater from workshop and warehouse floor cleaning, and wastewater from shower and laundry rooms. The treatment capacity is 60m3/h. Because the treated wastewater will be reused in the flue gas purification system, there will have no wastewater discharge to the environment. In addition, there are online monitoring and control systems to ensure the safety of the whole facility and normal operation. (ii) The wastewater treatment system on the medical incineration line This wastewater stream is from washing medical waste containers. The treatment process includes container cleaning pond, wastewater collection pond, chemical precipitation tank, SBR reactor, hypo-chloride generator, deflectoxidation, sludge thickener and bag press filtration, etc. The relatedpollutants can meet control limits of national standards. (iii) Plasma process system wastewater treatment system The wastewater stream will be generated in the quenching process, and will be treated by a to-be-determined wastewater treatment facility. The treated wastewater will be reused, and thus there will have no wastewater discharge to the environment. There are online monitoring and control systems to ensure the safety of the whole facility and normal operation. (2) Measures to prevent and control sewage pollution This project will discharge a sewage stream of 76 m3/d. The estimated discharge concentrations are BOD5150mg/1, COD 200mg/1 and SS 200mg/1. This project will use an A/O underground treatment unit. Sewage treated by the A/O unit will meet the following control limited set by national standards: BOD5= 15mg/1, COD= 40mg/1. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 109 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project 9.1.3 Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Measures The PM from dust collector will be sent to the incinerator to be incinerated. The slag discharged from PCBs incinerators will be bagged with special materials to prevent rupture bag and leakage in ordinary condition. All the bagging process will be automatic to avoid human contact with toxic substances. Personnel working on bagging and transportation will be trained and equipped with special tools for emergency situation. Special vehicles will be used to transport the se bags to the Shenyang Hazardous Waste Landfill for disposal. The slag discharged from PCBs and medical wastes incinerators will be sent for disposal in the hazardous waste landfill if it is identified as hazardous waste based on nationally stipulated hazardous waste identification standards and methods. Or they can be disposed as domestic waste. The slag from plasma treatment system has its major contents of metal at the bottom layer and silicate and sulfate on top layer. Thus the slag can be reused comprehensively. 9.1.4Measuresto prevent and control noise pollution Noise in the project site will mainly come from blowers and suction blowers of workshops and heating facilities. Measures to control noise are focused on sources of the noises. The following measures are recommended: (1) Mechanic noise source control Noise pollution is energy pollution as well as energy wasting. Its control requires raising the installation precision for reciprocally moving mechanical parts of equipment and flexible connection for vibrating parts. The foundation of machineries will use shock absorbers and regular lubrications for rotating parts. For those equipments that are hard for noise reduction, wide-band sonic adsorption plate will be installed according to noise frequency and locations of noise sources. It is estimated that the noise reduction will be 15-20dB(A). (2) Gas flow noise source control The gas flow noise caused by high-speed suction blower will be controlled by separation and enclosure methods to block the noise diffusion. The separation block will be painted with sound adsorption materials in its inner walls. High frequency mufflers will be installed at the air inlets and outlets. The estimated noise reduction will be 25dB(A). In order to prevent noise pollution, a 6-8m width of tree belt will be planted to form a natural barrier to noise spreading and diffusion. In this way, 3-5dB(A) will be reduced. The noise from diesel power generator and various pumps will be controlled by placing shock absorber at the foundation and separation room. In addition to the above measures, the noise level in workshops and other operational sites will be less than 85dB(A), and thus meets standards. 9.1.5Measures to prevent and control PCBs pollution during its transportation (1) The amount of PCBs and transportation route are required to be approved beforehand by provincial environmentalauthorities. Transportation of PCBs will strictly follow relevant rules and regulations. (2) The vehicle for PCBs transportation will meet the following requirements: (i) bearing distinct signs; (ii) equipped with anti-seeping layer beneath an adsorption layer; (iii) PCBs containers shall be enclosed, have a certain strength, and meet pressure requirements; (iv) operators are required to wear overall protection and aspirating mask. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 110 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project 9.1.6 Storage Requirements for PCBs Wastes PCBs wastes are required to be transported by special vehicles to warehouses and stored according to their characteristics. The construction of storage facilities (warehouses) must meet the Standard for Pollution Control on Hazardous Waste Storage (GB18597-2001). For this project, the construction of the PCBs storage warehouse should meet the requirement in the following: (i) The floor and curbs should be made of solid and leak-proof materials. All construction materials must be compatible with stored hazardous wastes. (ii) The warehouse must have spill collection facilities, air vents, and gas purifying equipment. (iii) The warehouse must install safety lighting facilities and observation windows. (iv) Containers with liquid or semi-solid PCB wastes must be placed on the anti-corrosive and hardened floor. The floor surface should have no cracks. (v) Curbs should be designed to contain soils. The holding capacity between floor surface and curbs should exceed the maximum storage capacity of the largest container or more the 1/5 of the total storage capacity. (vii) The bottom and lower part of walls shall have anti-seeping steel plates (corrosive areas are installed with stainless steel plates). Walls and ceilings need to have recyclable adsorption materials. PCBs waste storage warehouse connects the material intake area of incineration workshop. The incineration workshop and its material intakingarea are separated by glass blocks and their emission is suctioned into the incinerators. There is an independent air purification system in the warehouse and will operate when the incinerators are off. 9.1.7 Measure to Prevent PCBs Pollution from the PCB Incineration Line (1) Equipment, pipelines and valves that will contact PCBs will be leakage proof. A ll PCBs containers will be sealed with lids. (2) The floor of the workshop will be leakage-proof concrete floor to ensure that underground earth and groundwater will not be polluted. (3) Diesel generator will be installed to provide emergency electricity. (4) An advanced, complete and reliable automatic control system will be employed in this project to ensure the normal operation of incineration and purification processes. Online monitoring will be conducted. 9.1.8 Management Measures (1) Personnel will be trained before taking their posts. Regular safety and environmental protection education will be included in the training. (2) Strict management rules will be developed. All operators are required to follow those rules to ensure that incineration and purification criteria and designed requirements are met. (3) Strengthen the checking, maintenance of equipment to prevent PCBs leakage. 9.1.9 Greening Measures Plants can help absorb harmful gases, purify environment, reduce radiations, disinfect, purify, adjust and improve microclimate and beautify environment. Therefore, greening measures will be well implemented to increase the vegetation coverage ratio to at least 35% of the total area. When implementing the greening measures, the site conditions will be considered to covert every possible patches of land to trees, green fences, lawns and flower beds. Shrubs and lawns Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 111 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project will be planted around the workshops. Trees with good anti-pollution property will be planted along sides of the roads. 9.1.10 Ecosystem Restoration Measures The slop protection will be maintained to prevent soil erosion. Destruction of trees during construction is prohibited. Transplantation is encouraged to minimize the loss of trees during the construction. In this way the wind protection and desert fixing, water and soil preservation, reserve of water resources and modification of microclimate can be realized and a good ecosystem can be created. Soil excavation sites will be refilled to avoid soil erosion. 9.1.11 Pollutants Discharge Control According to SEPA's 12 total pollutant control parameters and this project's features, SO2, HCl, PCBs, CODcr, DLC, SS and slag are selected as control parameters for this project. Major pollutants in waste gas and wastewater are listed in Table 9.1-1, Table 9.1-2. Table 9.1-1Total Pollutants Disposal in Air Emission PCBs inc Med inc Boiler Diesel Plasma TOTAL TOTAL Remark kg/h kg/h kg/h kg/h kg/h kg/h tons/year Total pollutants discharge in PCBs 0.00056 0.00056 4.03E-03 boiler calculated by 150 days Dust 0.8 0.2 3.84 4.84 21.0 and the other by 300days. HCl 0.84 0.92 1.76 12.7 Diesel is temperary power NOx 1.08 1.18 1.2 2.49 - 4.75 34.2 generator and almost 2 days DLCs 1.3E-09 7.3E-09 8.6E-09 6.19E-08 will need one year. SO2 - 3.26 0.54 - 3.8 25.4 Table 9.1-2 Total Pollutants Disposal In Wastewater And Solid Waste Pollutants type Polluta nts Unit Total Discharge Waste water CODcr t/a 0.91 SS t/a 0.91 Slag from coal-fired boiler t/a 120 Solid waste Slag from PCBs Incinerator t/a 900 Slag from medical waste t/a 870 Domestic waste t/a 29.2 9.2 Environmental Cost-EffectivenessA nalysis The project' static costs are 61.64 million RMB, plus 18.3 million yuan from the GFF through the World Bank. The cost of environmental measures is 20.18 million yuan. The following environmental measures will be implemented: flue gas purification, wastewater treatment, sewage treatment, slag storage, noise control, environmental monitoring, etc. The detailed information is listed below in Table 9.2-1. Environmental protection cost possesses 25.24% of the total investment. Table 9.2-1 Environmental Protection Cost No. Item Cost (104)yuan 1 Flue gas purification 916 2 Wastewater treatment 886 3 Slag storage 23 Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 112 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project 4 Noise control 10 5 Environmental monitoring 150 6 Greening and plantation 15 7 Environmental impact assessment 18 Total 2018 The unit PCBs treatment cost, 19,510 RMB/ton, includes 7130 yuan RMB/ton for the operation of pollution control facilities and implementation of environmental management plan. The detailed information is listed below in Table 9.2-2. Table 9.2-2 Cost List ofPCBs Disposal No. Contents of cost Amount Remark RMB? /ton Raw materials andauxiliary materials 3,100 * 1.Acitive carbon: 0.2*10,000/ton 2,000 * 2.NaOH: 0.2*3,000/ton 600 * 3.Water disposal film: 420,000/2,000 tons 210 * ? 4.Water disposal medical drugs: 200,000/2,000 tons 100 * 5.Filter cartridge and other consumables: 80,000/2,000 tons 40 * 6.CaO: 0.1*300/ton 30 * 7.Test materials and medial drugs: 240,000/2,000 tons 120 * Slag disposal cost 1,220 * 1.Capacitor, tools, package takes 50%, while slag ratio is 40% : 407 * ? 1,000 tons*40%*2,034/2,000 tons 2.Soil takes 50%, while slag ratio 80%: 813 * 1,000 tons *80%*2,034/2,000 tons Fuel cost 3,870 ? Average diesel consumption for incineration is 1:1: 1 ton*3,870/ton 3,870 Wages and welfare funds 1,240 ? 70 persons *2950/person·month*12 months/2,000 tons 1,240 Repair cost 660 ? Investment in equipment:: 33,000,000*4%/2,000 tons 660 Depreciation charge 1,460 1.Investment in equipments: 33,000,000/10 year *40%/1,000 tons (Calculated on the basis of disposing 1,000 tons of PCBs/year and an 1320 ? undertaking of 40% depreciation). 2.Investment in other items: 10,500,000/30 year*40%/1,000 tons (Calculated on the basis of disposing 1,000 tons of PCBs/year and an 140 undertaking of 40%depreciation) ? Environmental protection and risk fee 2,220 * 1.DCLs (flue gas) monitoring: 3 samples*3 times*40,000/1,000 tons 360 * 2.DCLs (environmental) monitoring: 3 samples* 4times*40,000/1,000 tons 480 * 3. PCBs (flue gas) monitoring: 6 times*3,000/1,000 tons 18 * 4. PCBs (slag) monitoring: 6 times*3,000/1,000 tons 18 * 5.PCBs (environmental) monitoring: 5samples*2 times*3,000/1,000 tons 30 * 6.Environmental compensation fee (flue gas disposal): 500,000/1,000 tons 500 * Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 113 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project 7. Environmental compensation fee (boiler flue gas) : 200,000/1,000 tons 200 * 8. Environmental compensation fee (living drainage) :100,000/1,000 tons 100 * 9.Insurance fee (disposal operation): 380,000/1,000 tons 380 * 10. Insurance fee (slag transportation): 134,000/1,000 tons 134 * Other costs 2,230 1.Electrocal power: 700 kWh*24 hours*180 days*0.6/2,000 tons 910 2.Coal: 800 tons*320/1,000 tons 256 3.Water: 80,000/1,000 tons 80 4.Communications: 50,000/1,000 tons 50 5.Transportation: 80,000/1,000 tons 80 ? 6.Labor protection articles: 360,000/1,000 tons 360 * 7.Health subsidies: 180,000/1,000 tons 180 * 8.Health check-up: 50,000/1,000 tons 50 * 9.Administrative expenses: 120,000/1,000 tons 120 10.Living guarantee expenses: 120,000/1,000 tons 120 11.Miscellaneous expenses: 24,000/1,000 tons 24 Total 16,000 Profit and tax 3,510 Total disposal expenses/ton 51,510 Total disposal expenses of 2000 tons 39,020,000 Total disposal expenses of US$ of 2000 tons $4,718,259 Note: *refers to the environmental management plan of PCBs pollutants control facilities 9.2.2 Environmental and Economic Costs And Benefit Analysis (1) Analysis on land compensation This project occupied 2.943 hectares of land used to be forests. The compensation costs include the following two parts: labor costs and loss of annual income. According to Shenyang local retail price of agricultural products and standard labor cost, this report assumed that three forestry employee were in charge of this 2.943 hectares. The compensation will be 2,430 yuan for labor costs and 9,000 yuan for income loss. So the total compensation will be 11,430 yuan. (2) Environmental costs This project uses wet condensation cooled scrubbing, active carbon powder jet and bag filtration, effluent deep purification, slag and PM landfill technologies to effectively ensure that wastes will be well controlled under the U.S. TSCA standards. Therefore, this project has insignificant environmental impacts on the surrounding environment and neighboring residential areas. The major environmental costs of the project then are costs associated with resources consumed (oil, water, coal). (3) Cost effectiveness analysis for tail gas control technology This project adopts the most advanced technology to ensure that all discharged pollutants can meet standards. Such technologies are wet quenching technology in the PCB incineration line to eliminate the acidic gas in flue gas; active carbon powder jetting and bag filtration technology to bring DLCs under the standard of 0.1 TEQng/m3. The tail gas from the boilers will be discharged at a height of 40 m stack after filtration process. The treated tail gas containing only 60mg/m3 of PM particles and 0.042mg/m3 of PCBs, far lower than related standard. These measures result in relatively satisfactory environmental benefits. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 114 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project 9.2.3 Social Benefits Since 1998, China's GNP growth rate has maintained at around 7.8%, which was contributed by almost all 99 industry sectors. However, China's wastes disposal practices are relatively slow. As a result, most of the hazardous wastes were not properly disposed. There are quite a few industrial disputes concerning hazardous wastes. It is estimated that each year the government pays over 20 million yuan for compensations related to hazardous waste pollution. This Shenyang Hazardous Wastes Incineration Demonstration Project will promote the development of hazardous waste disposal industry and eliminate the disputes resulting from improper hazardous waste storage and disposal. The sewage and tail gas treatment equipment of this project will promote the development of environmental protection industry. In summary this project will produce sound social benefits. 9.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan 9.3.1Monitoring Contents (1) Environmental Discharge Monitoring Environmental Discharge Monitoring will be carried out for all facilities installed on the project site (such as the PCBs and medical incinerator, plasma arc unit, diesel unit, boiler facility, wastewater treatment system). The monitoring locations, parameters, and frequency are shown in Table 9.3-1. Table 9.3-1 Pollutants Discharge Monitoring Plan Name of system Location Parameters Frequency * The exit of the Flue gas flow rate continuously afterburner Residues of combustion PCBs 1 time/month process (such as slag) Once a month during PM, HCl, SO2 , NOx(as the first 6 months, NO2 ),CO2, CO ,Heavy metals and then once every 3 months PCBs and medical incinerators Stack Oxygen, Pressure, Temperature, and Water Continuously vapor (H2O) 1 time/month (when PCBs and DCLs operating) Stack and the exit of the CO, O2, 1 time/month PCB line before joining CO2, NOx, and SO2 the exit from medical line PCBs and DCLs 1 time/month Combustion chamber Temperature Continuously Plasma arc unit Discharge outlet NOx(as NO2 ) 1 time/month Diesel unit Discharge outlet NO2, CH, SO2 2 time/year Opacity*, PM, NOx(as Boiler facility Discharge outlet Continuously NO2 ) Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 115 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project General Discharge outlet CODcr, SS, pH. Continuously Wastewater treatment system of domestic waste water BOD5,NH3-N, and heavy metals. 1 time/month *: (1) Opacity will be measured by a continuous monitor equipped with alarm set-points. (2) HCl monitor will be equipped with alarm set-points and linked to the waste feed system.(3)Discharge standards used pollutants discharge monitoring plan can be seen in Table 3.1-2 for details. (4) During the pilot operation of the facilities, PCBs, DCL and other pollutants will be monitored once a day for 7 days. (2) Ambient Quality Monitoring The Ambient Quality Monitoring plan is described in Table 9.3-2. Table 9.3-2 Ambient Quality MonitoringPlan Monitoring Frequency Sampling Monitoring Pollutants Pilot Testing Points Location Operation Frequency Time (for 7 days) Level(Leq) Surrounding Noise 1time/week 4 times /a 24h/d 24h/d 4 project site PM10 1time/week 4 times/a 7d/time 12h/d 4 Xiaozhutun, Zhaojiawopu, Daily average NO2,CO,SO2 1time/week 4 times/a 7d/time 18h/d 4 Xinmin xijiao Ambient concentration Downwind air PCBs 1time/week 4 times/a 2d /time 3times/a 2 700m Xiaozhutun, Hourly average NO2,CO, 1time/week 4 times/a 4times/d 45min/time 4 Zhaojiawopu, concentration HCl,SO2 Xinmin xijiao Downwind DLCs 1time/week 4 times/a 2times/a 2times/a 2 Daily average 700m Soil concentration PCBs Downwind 1time/week 4 times/a 2d /time 3times/a 2 700m *In addition, regular medical exam shall be conducted to workers in surrounding farm areas. * PCBs should be monitored in ambient air and PCBs (in addition to DCLs) should be monitored in soil quality three times at least, that is before operation of Medical waste, before operation of PCBs incineration line and one year after of the operation of PCBs incineration line. 9.3.2 Monitoring Items and Test Methods Monitoring items and test methods are listed in Table 9.3-3. Table 9.3-3 Monitoring Items And Test Methods Sample Monitoring item Test methods Ambient PCBs Gaseous phase chromatography Air HCl Ion chromatography TSP Weight method SO2 HCl rosaniline spectrophotometry method NO2 Saltzman spectrophotometry Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 116 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Noise HS-6288 noise analyzer DLCs Special analyzer PCBs Gaseous phase chromatography Surface PH Glass electrode Water COD K2 Cr2 O7 method NH4-N Natta reagent spectrophotometry method 9.3.3 Monitoring Instruments and Equipment During the construction and operation stages, noise, air and water parameters will be monitored. The following instruments are needed and shown in Table 9.3-4 Table 9.3-4 Instruments List For Monitoring No Instruments Quantity Unit 1 Automatic noise monitor ing 1 Piece 2 PM sampler 1 Piece ECD-GC (Electron Capture 3 1 Piece Detector-Gas Chromatograph 4 Analytical grade balance 1 Piece 5 Computer 1 Piece 6 Monitor vehicle 1 Piece 7 ET-AAS (Electrothermal Atomic 1 Piece Absorption Spectrometer) 8 Unforeseenexpenses 1 Piece Total 9.4 Emergency Measures 9.4.1 Risk Analysis (1) Leakage during PCBs transportation or storage and control measures The transportation of PCBs wastes will involve a special container and vehicle. The collected wastes are, in general, in the form of finished products (such as capacitors) with PCBs inside. Under normal condition, there is a very low possibility of PCBs leakage. In the warehouse, the floor is paved with anti-seep steel plates or stainless steel sheets (where corrosion is a factor), and changeable absorbing materials mounted upon the upper parts of the walls to prevent the toxic substances penetrating into the walls. The warehouse is adjacent to the incineration wastes feeding unit (this unit is isolated with sealing class from the rest parts of the workshop). Suction blowers will pull air in the feeding unit and the warehouse into the incinerator. In addition, there is an independent air purification system installed in the warehouse when the incinerator is not operating to ensure the PCBs will not be discharged into the environment. (2) Risks during PCBs incineration There is a risk of leakage during PCBs incineration because of power failure or malfunction of blowers. Because the incineration process is a continuous process, a power failure or a malfunction of blower would cause leakage, or the flue gas would be discharged without being treated. To avoide this potential risk, a connection locking unit is included in the design. The function of this unit is to close the incineration system, waste feeing unit and fuel supply unit completely if the aforementioned failures do occur. (3) Risks of accident and control measures Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 117 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project An incineration safety monitoring system will be installed to automatically warn and exert emergency control. Some important spots, such as incineration line, waste storehouse, effluent outlet and stack, will be monitored. The project will have a diesel electricity generator on site to provide emergency electricity. This will ensure that waste in incinerator can be completely burned out in case of power failure and that the flue gas purification system can run continuously. An equalization tank with 4 hours' capacity and an outdoor effluent tank with 24 hours' capacity are constructed in wastewater treatment systems. These tanks can temporarily store untreated wastewater due to power failure, and thus ensure wastewater can be treated, reused or discharged after power supply being re-established. (4) Risks associatedwith medical waste transportation or storage and control measures The collected medical wastes must be transported with sealed containers. The containers must be cleaned and disinfected after used. During transportation, medical wastes must be handled carefully. The medical wastes stored in the storage warehouse will be dumped directly into the incinerator with storage boxes to avoid pollution during the storage. A diesel generator will be installed to ensure that the wastes in the incinerator will be completely burned in case of a power outage. It will also ensure that the flue gas purification system and the wastewater treatment unit operate normally. 9.4.2 Emergency Handling Plans According to the operational and normal condition of incineration, emergency handling plans have been developed and shown in table 9.4-1 and .9.4-2. Table 9.4-1 Emergency Handling Plans Process wastewater Flue gas leaking Fire accident leaking 1.Gasket failure 1.Gasket failure 1.High oil tank/pipeline breaking Cause 2.Fire-proof material failure 2.Pipe corrosion 2.Overloading on ele-wire 3.Pipe corrosion 3.Pump/valve failure? 3.Human General equipments Type Equipment accident Severe accident accident Possible risk Severe Ordinary Very severe Impact on Equipment/pipe burned None Burned equipment partially Impact on Chlorine poisoned Direct contact, skin burns Burns, poisoned, possible death human Impact on Seeping into soil and Air pollution Fire, air pollution environment polluting groundwater 1.Alarming, ordinary persons evacuate 1Ordinary persons evacuate 2.Stop feeding and air supply 1.Ordinary persons Emergency 2.Stop material feeding 3.Stop suction blower and start evacuate actions 3.Stop air supply emergency flue gas ducting if 2.Amending leakage 4. Leakage Amending serious 4.Block PCBs storage 5.Cut power if serious fire Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 118 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project 6.Fire fighters use fire fighting equipment to put out fire 7.Seek help from local agencies 1. 3 fire professional fighters 1. 2 maintenance persons Personnel 2. 20 part -time firefighters 2. 1 doctor 2 maintenance persons preparation 3. 1 doctor 3. 3 rescuers 4. 3 rescuers 1.Operational rack 2.Mask, protection clothes, 1.Protection cloth and 1.Fire fighting kit gloves Equipment gloves? 2. 25 sets of masks and fire clothes 3.Amending tools and preparation 2.Amending kits and 3.Ambulance materials materials 4.First aid kit, stretcher 4.ambulance 5.First aid kit, stretcher 1.Personal evacuation 1.Personal evacuation 2.Fire clothes 1.Personal evacuation Training 2.First aid 3.Rescue and self rescue in case of 2.Emergency amending in requirement 3.Emergency amending in poisoning or burning operation operation 4.Oil PCBs and electrical fire fighting 1. 6000 yuan for first aid kit 1. 200000 for fire fighting 1. 6000 amending tools 2. 15000 for amending tools equipments and materials and materials 2. 12000 for first aid kit 2. 6000 training Budget 3. 12000 for training 3. 100000 for mask and fire clothes demonstration demonstration 4. 60000 training demonstration Total 12000 Total 33000 Total 360000 Chief of workshop: Direct on-site handling, Chief of unit ordinary persons evacuation, Directing scene handling and poisoned person rescue, ordinary persons evacuation, fire leakage amending, and fighting, rescue the wounded, recovery of normal disposal of accident production. Chief of workshop Operators: Operators: Emergency operating of equipment stop feeding and air supply Directing scene handling, Fire fighters: maintenance persons: amending, recovering Responsibility Putting out fire leakage amending production Rescuers: Rescuers: Moving and rescuing the poisoned. Moving poisoned persons Maintenance persons: Doctor: out, rescuing Amending leakage Diagnosis of the poisoned and Doctor: treatment. Diagnosis of the poisoned Ambulance driver: and treatment. Transport the seriously poisoned to Ambulance driver: medical Transport the seriously poisoned to medical Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 119 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Table 9.4-2 Emergency Handling Plans Oil tank explosion Earthquake Cause Oil tank accident Serious earthquake Type Severe accident and causing fire Severe disaster, may cause fire Possible damaging Very severe Very severe degree Impact on Partial damage Severe damage equipment Impact on Explosive wound, burns, hit injury, flue Burns, poisoning, possible death persons gas poisoning, possible death Environmental Fire, PCBs exposure, air pollution, process Fire, air pollution impacts effluent pond break, groundwater pollution 1.Alarming, personal evacuation 1.personal evacuation 2.Stop feeding and air supply 2.cut the mains 3.If serious, stop suction blower, starting 3.When warehouse leaking, use thick plastic emergency ducting vent covering the wastes Emergency 4.Cut the mains if serious fire 4.Shut valve when oil tank breaks measures 5.Block PCBs storage 5.All in protection clothes rescuing the 6.Fire fighters put out fire, using fire wounded fighting equipment 6.Implementing fire fighting emergency 7.Seek help from depts. measures 1. 3 professional fire fighters Personnel 2. 20 part-time fire fighters All persons preparation 3. 1 doctor 4. 3 rescuers Equipments 1.fire fighting kit 1.Fire fighting kit and 2.25 sets of masks and fire clothes 2. 25 sets of masks and fire clothes instruments 3.ambulance 3.Ambulance preparation 4.First aid kit, stretcher 4.First aid kit, stretcher 1.Personal evacuation 1.Personal evacuation 2.Wearing protection clothes 2.Wearing clothes and masks Training 3.Rescue and self rescue the Poisoned, 3.Rescue and self rescue the Poisoned, burnt, requirement burnt, injured. injured. 4.Oil fire fighting 4.Oil, PCBs, electric and general fire fighting 1. 3000 yuan for protection mask 1. 20000 yuan for first aid kit 2. 12000 for thick plastic Budget 2. 60000 yuan for training 3. 60000 for training Total 80000 yuan Total 75000 Responsibility Directing scene handling and ordinary Unit chief/vice unit chief/workshop chief: Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 120 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project persons evacuation, fire fighting, rescue Direct on-site handling, ordinary persons the wounded, disposal of accident evacuation, poisoned person rescue, leakage Operators: amending, and recovery of normal Emergency operating of equipment production. Fire fighters: Operators: Putting out fire Stop feeding and air supply Rescuers: maintenance persons: Moving and rescuing the poisoned. leakage amending Doctor: Rescuers: Diagnosis of the poisoned and treatment. Moving poisoned persons out, rescuing Doctor: Diagnosis of the poisoned and treatment. Ambulance driver: Transport the seriously poisoned to medical 9.5 Cleaner Production Process on the PCB Incineration Line The technologies used in this project have the following features: (1) Two stage heat degradation oxidation processes are used. The first incineration stage has a temperature under 1000? to prevent fused slag formation and thus to prolong the life of fireproof materials. The second stage has a temperature about 1200? . In this stage, the flue gas has a retention time longer than two seconds. This will ensure thorough destruction of toxic substances. (2) The first incinerator is a rotary kiln capable of processing solid, slurry and liquid wastes simultaneously. At the ash zone of the incinerator, a rich oxygen combustion technology is used to guarantee the combustion efficiency and minimize toxic elements. (3) The second incineration process has a secondary air ducting line. This secondary air ducting line creates a cyclone to prevent the blockage, settlement, and "short circuit" of flue gas. In addition, it will help achieve a 99.99% combustion efficiency, a 99.9999% PCBs destruction rate, a 99.99% organic toxic destruction rate and a 3% residue oxygen in tail gas. (4) The wet quenching column technology is used to eliminate the acidic gas. Active carbon absorption technology is used to remove DLCs in the flue gas to less than 0.1TEQng/m3. In addition, 99.9% of HCl will be removed in the process. (5) The active carbon adsorption column is as a key part in the flue gas purification system and can eliminate organic toxic contents in flue gas to PPD class. (6) The incineration process is controlled by an auto-feedback control system. This system avoids operator's direct contact with PCBs wastes and possible false operations. This system improves the safety and reliability of the PCBs incineration line. (7) The PCBs incineration line has installed a monitoring system. In addition to above feature, the PCBs incineration line has a water reuse rate of 95.8%. 9.6 Organization, Personal Requirements and Training 9.6.1 Organization The demonstration project will recruit a total number of about 150 employees to operate the incineration facilities. 9.6.2 Featured Tasks The demonstration project is the only one PCBs disposal facilities in China as of 2004. It Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 121 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project will be responsible for the disposal of concentrated PCBs from all over the country. The medical waste incineration line of this project will dispose medical wastes of Shenyang. 9.6.3Organizational arrangements (1) Integrated Coordination Department: Will be responsible for labor, personnel, salary, welfare, secretarial, filing management, administration, logistics and temporary tasks. (2) Comprehensive Policy Making Consulting Department. Will be responsible for the development of hazardous waste disposal plans and annual plans; preparation of annual financial budget; preparation and payment of loans; preparation of accounting auditing; and hazardous wastes transportation dispatchtasks. (3) Technical Support Department. Will be responsible for the technical work regarding the storage, disposal and relevant issues; filing technical documents; testing and analyzing and monitoring of hazardous wastes. (4) Project Management Construction Support Department. Will be responsible for infrastructure construction; transportation and storage of hazardous wastes; emergency responses; hazardous wastes pre-treatment, storage and disposal; and normal operational management. (5) Organization Dispatching Office. Will be responsible for overall coordination and tasks dispatching. (6) Transportation Fleet. Will be responsible for hazardous wastes transportation; provision of hazardous waste containers; collection and temporary storage of hazardous wastes. (7) Laboratory. Will be responsible for testing and analyzing; confirming the analysis results from central lab and waste listing; sampling hazardous wastes and testing. (8) Incineration Workshop. Will be responsible for incineration of the wastes. (9) Warehouse: Will be responsible for the storage of different wastes (including PCBs). 9.6.4 Persons Requirements The operation's risk is higher than other similar businesses for it disposes PCBs, medical wastes and industrial hazardous wastes. Therefore, work requirement is stricter. The employees shall possess basic professional knowledge necessary for their positions. This plant is to hire 130 employees, the specific arrangements are listed below: l 6Seniorengineers l 15engineers l 2accountants l 18assistantengineers l 7 operators l 5labworkers l 5transportmembers l 9 for other positions In principle, all the employees shall have high school above background and need to pass exams before assigned to their positions. 9.6.5 Training (1) Training methods: Integrated domestic and international trainings; full-time and after-hour trainings; theory and operational trainings. (2) Contents of trainings:To be determined based on construction and operational needs. (3) Training plans: 60 days or more for senior, middle and technicians; 45 days or more for primary technical staff and workers; 30 days or more for others. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 122 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project (4) Training objectives: understand management procedures set by the World Bank; understand the construction requirements of the PCBs waste disposal demonstration project; understand operation requirements of the PCBs waste disposal demonstration project. In 3 years, all employees shall be competent at their posts. 9.7 Environment Management Activities Plan 9.7.1 Environment Management Organization Set-up The project will receive grants from the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) and bilateral agencies. The World Bank, an international implementation agency of GEF, will implement this project. This project will have a Safety and Environmental Protection Department with 3 staff. This department will be responsible for environmental protection management and monitoring. This department will be equipped with a gas chormatograph electron capture detection system (GC-ECD), a flue gas on-line analyzer system, and other equipment. Data and information will be collected through monitoring for pollution prevention and control activities. 9.7.2 Environment Management Plan The purpose of Environment management plan is to effective ly control pollution during normal operations of this project, and collect monitoring data for the management's decision making. The specific monitoring plan is shown in Table 9.3-1- 9.3-2. The periodic reporting to the relevant regulatory authorities/institutions (EPB, SEPA, the World Bank) of operating information about the Shenyang Incineration Center. The periodic reports should cover information on environmental monitoring data from the PCBs line and the medical waste incineration line as well as information on safety issues at the entire facility. The frequency of reporting is not lower every six months. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 123 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project 10. Public Participation 10.1 Objective and Significance Public participation is an important component of this EIA because it could directly reflect the public's opinions about the demonstration project. Decision-makers could use the results of public participation to identify potential problems related to the construction of this demonstration project and make timely revisions and improvements to the work plan. If the problems raised by the public could be resolved in the decision-making process, the public and other stakeholders of this demonstration project will agree and support the construction of the project. 10.2 Public Participation Activities The project site is on a government-owned forestry farm used to grow economic forests. The total area of the farm is 1,339 hectares, and the project occupies 10.2 hectares (about 0.8% of the total area) of the farm. The site is located at the center towards north of the Gujia Forestry Section. There are no residents within 2 km radius of the plant, but there are farmlands next to the plant. A special meeting at the forestry farm was conducted on November 15, 2001 to inform employees of the farm about the project's purposes, possible environmental impacts and pollution control measures. A public discussion was held between the management of the plant and representatives from the farm, neighboring villages, and local government, etc. The discussion focused on issues related the construction of the demonstration project, possible environmental impacts, pollution control measures, and possible compensations. All participants reached an agreement in the special meeting and endorsed the construction of the project by signing their names. The signatures of the attendants are attached in Appendix 2. The government of different levels had approved the construction of this demonstration project four years ago. The renovation of related facilities supported by the GEF will further reduce environmental impacts and help the project to comply with international environmental standards. This renovation will benefit the stakeholders because of a better environmental result. In addition, in order to expand the scope of public participation, reports of this EIA ha ve been sent to libraries in Xinmin city and local village governments for free reading by the public. Information about reports of this EIA has also been announced in Shenyang Daily in December 2004. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 124 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Appendix 1: Members of the EIA Team President: Wang Zhenyu Senior engineer Vice President: Shao Chunyan Professor engineer Jin Chongyang Professor engineer Wanghui Senior engineer General engineer: Jing Zhiyan Professor engineer Project manager: Cheng Zhiqiang Senior engineer Attendants: Wangying Senior engineer Chenyang Senior engineer Sunjun Senior engineer Yangling Senior engineer Chenhui Senior engineer Chengang Senior engineer Repor tAuditing: Cheng Zhiqiang Senior engineer Organizations: Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 125 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang Environmental Impact Accessment Report on Shenyang Hazardous Waste Incinenration Demonstration Project Appendix 2: Endorsement Letter from the Forestry Farm Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences 126 N0.139 Nanta Street, Dongling District, Shenyang